Frank Anderson, Sam B. Niles, Jr., and Theodore C.

Donald, Member, IEEE TABLE I

UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Template for Preparation of Papers for IEEE

Symbol Sponsored Quantity
Conversion from Gaussian
and
Conferences & Symposia  magnetic flux
CGS EMU to SI a
1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s

B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
For more information on TIFF files, please go to m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/inform  103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
ation.htm and click on the link “Guidelines for Author M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
Supplied Electronic Text and Graphics.”  103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
3) Somewhat Harder Way: If you do not have a scanner,  specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1
you may create non-color PostScript figures by “printing” A·m2/kg
them to files. First, download a PostScript printer driver j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
from J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm  4  104 T
(for Windows) or from ,  susceptibility 1  4
http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvmac.htm  mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
(for Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript Printer” = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
definition. In Word, paste your figure into a new document. r relative permeability   r
Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File names w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Adobe Type 1 fonts
when creating your figures, if possible. No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the
entire table do not need footnote letters.
4) Other Ways: Experienced computer users can convert a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
figures and tables from their original format to TIFF. Some maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second,
useful image converters are Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, T = tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
and Microsoft Photo Editor, an application that is part of
Microsoft Office 97 and Office 2000 (look for C:\Program pixels per inch. Resize the image (Image | Resize) to a
Files\Common Files \Microsoft Shared\ PhotoEd\ width of 3.45 inches. Save the file (File | Save As) in TIFF
PHOTOED.EXE. (You may have to custom-install Photo with no compression (click “More” button).
Editor from your original Office disk.) Most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in
Here is a way to make TIFF image files of tables. First, TIFF; however, you often have no control over
create your table in Word. Use horizontal lines but no compression or number of bits per pixel. You should open
vertical lines. Hide gridlines (Table | Hide Gridlines). Spell these image files in a program such as Microsoft Photo
check the table to remove any red underlines that indicate Editor and re-save them using no compression, either 1 or 8
spelling errors. Adjust magnification (View | Zoom) such bits, and either 600 or 220 dpi resolution (File | Properties;
that you can view the entire table at maximum area when Image | Resize). See Section II-D2 for an explanation of
you select View | Full Screen. Move the cursor so that it is number of bits and resolution. If your graphing program
out of the way. Press “Print Screen” on your keyboard; this cannot export to TIFF, you can use the same technique
copies the screen image to the Windows clipboard. Open described for tables in the previous paragraph.
Microsoft Photo Editor and click Edit | Paste as New A way to convert a figure from Windows Metafile
Image. Crop the table image (click Select button; select the (WMF) to TIFF is to paste it into Microsoft PowerPoint,
part you want, then Image | Crop). Adjust the properties of save it in JPG format, open it with Microsoft Photo Editor
the image (File | Properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 or similar converter, and re-save it as TIFF.
Microsoft Excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in
This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce
 Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). To get good resolution,
under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment make the Excel charts very large. Then use the “Save as
goes here). Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters,
not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title;
short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not HTML” feature (see http://support.microsoft.com/support/
write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the kb/articles/q158/0/79.asp). You can then convert from GIF
author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials.
F. Anderson is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
to TIFF using Microsoft Photo Editor, for example.
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-555- No matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea
5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). to print the TIFF files to make sure nothing was lost in the
S. B. Niles, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He
is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort conversion.
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar. colostate.edu). If you modify this document for use with other IEEE
T. C. Donald is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University journals or conferences, you should save it as type “Word
of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp). 97-2000 & 6.0/95 - RTF (*.doc)” so that it can be opened
by any version of Word. abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with Roman
numerals.
A. Copyright Form
Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of
submission. These will be custom generated for you at the figures and number of pages containing color). Include a
submission time. Authors are responsible for obtaining any note with your final paper indicating that you request color
security clearances. printing. Do not use color unless it is necessary for the
proper interpretation of your figures. If you want
reprints of your color article, the reprint order should be
submitted promptly. There is an additional charge of $81
II.MATH per 100 for color reprints.
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) words rather than symbols. As an example, write the
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with
text” should not be selected. units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization

(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A m1),” not just “A/m.” Do
III. UNITS not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader
Gb/in2).” An exception is when English units are used as would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant
identifiers in trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,
combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes approximately 8 to 12 point type.
and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to
B. References
confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally.
If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
quantity in an equation. The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer
symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref.
compound units, e.g., “A·m2.” [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a
sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Unfortunately the
IV. HELPFUL HINTS IEEE document translator cannot handle automatic
endnotes in Word; therefore, type the reference list at the
A. Figures and Tables end of the paper using the “References” style.
Instructions about final paper and figure submissions Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
in this document are for IEEE journals; please use this Footnote). 1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
document as a “template” to prepare your manuscript. column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
For submission guidelines, follow instructions on paper reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
submission system as well as the Conference website. Table I).
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, Please note that the references at the end of this
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and authors or more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers
tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below that have not been published should be cited as
the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been submitted for
has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of publication should be cited as “submitted for publication”
the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you [5]. Papers that have been accepted for publication, but not
mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include yet specified for an issue should be cited as “to be
captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in published” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for
“text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders
around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation 1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to
“Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not integrate the footnote information into the text.
private communications [7]. A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
proper nouns and element symbols. If you are short of parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
space, you may omit paper titles. However, paper titles are parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are
helpful to your readers and are strongly recommended. For within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other
papers published in translation journals, please give the punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example,
English citation first, followed by the original foreign- write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is
language citation [8]. preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
used in the text, even after they have already been defined Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate proofread your paper.
periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C.
N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they V.SOME COMMON MISTAKES
are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
article).
the permeability of vacuum µ 0 is zero, not a lowercase
D. Equations letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write
in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer”
use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,”
the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to the
the equation number in parentheses. To make your word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that
equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while”
exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or
when they are part of a sentence, as in “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism
for “problem.” When compositions are not specified,
r2 separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example,
 0 F ( r,  ) dr d  [ r2 / (2 0 )] “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Ni 0.5Mn0.5
 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition
 exp(   | z j  zi | )  J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d .
1
0 NixMn1-x.
(1) Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and
defined before the equation appears or immediately “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or confuse “imply” and “infer.”
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
“Equation (1) is ... .” “"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined
to the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There
E. Other Recommendations
is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.”
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” is,” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example”
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the (these abbreviations are not italicized).
potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used An excellent style manual and source of information for
(1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide,
(1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.” Information for Authors, is available at
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/inform
“cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  ation.htm
0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
“seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings VI. EDITORIAL POLICY
and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per
Submission of a manuscript is not required for
square meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked
of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
version of a paper you have submitted or published
elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. latest technical achievement, which are suitable for
The submitting author is responsible for obtaining presentation at a professional conference, may not be
agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from appropriate for publication in a T RANSACTIONS or
sponsors before submitting a paper. IEEE T RANSACTIONS JOURNAL.
and JOURNALS strongly discourage courtesy authorship. It is
the obligation of the authors to cite relevant prior work. VIII.CONCLUSION
The Transactions and Journals Department does not A conclusion section is not required. Although a
publish conference records or proceedings. The conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the applications and extensions.
technical community, these topical papers are collected and
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS. APPENDIX
At least two reviews are required for every paper
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledg-
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to
ment.
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors
and publications committee; the recommendations of the
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
referees are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a
valid reason for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
revise and resubmit them to the T RANSACTIONS as regular American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
papers, whereupon they will be reviewed by two new singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
referees. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like
to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .”
VII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page.
The contents of IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are
peer-reviewed and archival. The T RANSACTIONS publishes
REFERENCES
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