PETROLEUM REGENERATION
AND PROCESSING FACILITY
Package : 4
Discipline: Mechanical Page 1 of 9
HEAT RADIATION REPORT
A 27-Nov-2016 Issued for Construction Kevin Johnson Vinay Shetty Iniyan
(CD submission) (Engineer) (Manager-Projects) (Engg Manager)
Rev. Date Revision Description Issued By Checked By Approved By
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Objectives ....................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Modelling Assumptions................................................................................................................................ 4
4. Environmental Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 4
5. Assessment Criteria .................................................................................................................................... 4
6. Fire Scenario ............................................................................................................................................. 5
7. Tanks Details ............................................................................................................................................. 5
8. Modelling Cases ......................................................................................................................................... 6
9. Radiations Result Summery .......................................................................................................................... 9
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Description:
Pyramid E&C FZE (the “Contractor”) is executing the EPCC contract of “Petroleum Regeneration and
Processing Facility” for Ecomar Energy Solutions FZC (the “Owner”) at Fujairah, UAE at a proposed plot
area of approximately 55,000 m² in the emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. The facility shall
comprise a ‘Petroleum Processing Unit’ (atmospheric crude distillation unit) and ‘Tank Farm’ for several
classes of products.
The Storage Terminal shall also comprise facilities for several operations such as truck
loading/unloading, stripping, pigging and shall be equipped with all the required utilities, and
safety systems in conformance with applicable local statutory requirements, applicable
international codes / standards and other best engineering practices.
The Facility shall be constructed in two phases, namely phase-1 and phase-2. The scope of
phase-1 shall be as below:
• Atmospheric crude distillation unit (of approximate capacity 7500 BPSD)
• Storage terminal (of approximate working capacity 91,000 cubic meters)
• Associated utility and safety systems
The operations intended in this Terminal include the following;
• Ship unloading
• Shore loading
• Inter-tank transfer,
• Product stripping,
• Pigging of Jetty lines
• Truck loading/unloading
Phase -2 shall be executed in future and is not in scope of the present tender, except civil
works and foundations for the storage tanks and truck loading bays. The scope of phase-2
shall be as below:
• Storage tanks (of approximate working capacity 45,000 cubic meters)
1.2. Purpose of this Document:
The purpose of this study is to provide the impact magnitude of the credible hazards in terms of
tank top fire which have to be taken into consideration in the detailed design and engineering
for the firefighting systems.
A theoretical calculation has made to assess the maximum water demand for various fire
scenarios (Refer the attachment) and further analysis has been made 3 major different
scenarios.
Radiation Modeling is performed using PHAST Software Version 6.7.
2. Modelling Assum ptions
Pool fires are burning pools of liquid that has collected on a horizontal surface. If the liquid pool
formed after a spill is ignited soon after release, the flammable atmosphere will only exist close
to the surface of the pool. The heat generated by the fire above the surface of the pool causes
the evaporation of more fuel for the fire and the fire then becomes self-sustaining. The fire will
cover the entire surface of the pool. Pool fires do not create extreme temperatures; usually
resulting in incomplete combustion and producing a smoky cloud, since the interior of the pool
is starved of oxygen. They may cause failure of other vessels that are engulfed in the fire or the
37.5 kW/m2 thermal radiation.
3. Environm ental Conditions
The climatic conditions adopted in the consequence modeling are summarised in Table below In
the consequence modeling calculations wind conditions of 9m/s and stability D have been
assumed as the base case.
Humidity (%) 80
Ambient temperature (°C) 50
Wind stability classes D
Wind speed (m/s) 9
Material properties are based on software library (N-Hexane). The surface emissive power of
pool fire depends on the heat of combustion of material modelled and tank dia. Heat of
combustion of some hydrocarbons (for eg. Crude oil, gas oil etc.) as assumed in the range of
40000 – 45000kJ/kg by software. Hence, the modelling may show identical results.
Maximum wind velocity considered for modelling is 9m/s based on API 521 recommendation
and based on the prevailing wind data for Fujairah. Higher wind speeds are of low probability
based on yearly wind data.
4. Assessment Criteri a
Table below presents Impacts on plant and personnel. In the consequence calculations, these
values are specifically measured in order to assess the effects of fire/blast effects on personnel
and equipment against the required acceptance criteria.
Exposure to: Human fatality Equipment damage
Radiation
Pool fire 4.7kW/m2: 37.5kW/m2 for 15min exposure:
Limit for escape of people in the Possible equipment rupture
public. Evacuation of people being at
location. 12 kW/m2 for Deluge Requirement
2
12kW/m for 20s exposure:
Lower energy limit for fatality
37.5kW/m2 for 20s exposure:
Upper energy limit for fatality
5. Fire Sc enario
Fire scenario considered – Full surface tank top pool fire
6. Tanks Details
Tank Nos Product Handled Working Dimension Flash Point
Capacity
TK-101/102 & Feed Stock 12605 Cu Mtr 29.5 Mtr dia x < 60 deg C
103 20.5 Mtr Ht
TK-104 & 105 Gas Oil 5289 Cu Mtr 19.0 Mtr dia x Min 60 deg C
20.0 Mtr Ht
TK-106 & 107 Gas Oil 6471 Cu Mtr 21.0 Mtr dia x Min 60 deg C
20.0 Mtr Ht
TK-108/109/110 Fuel Oil/ Off 5865 Cu Mtr 21.0 Mtr dia x > 60 deg C
& 111 Spec 20.0 Mtr Ht
TK-112 & 113 Naphtha/ 3450 Cu Mtr 15.5 Mtr dia x < 0 deg C
Naphtha 20.4 Mtr Ht
rundown
TK-114 & 115 Kerosene/ 1175 Cu Mtr 13.5 Mtr dia x 10 < 60 deg C
Kerosene Mtr Ht
rundown
TK-116 & 117 Slop 283 Cu Mtr 8.0 Mtr dia x 7.0 < 60 deg C
Mtr Ht
Processing Area Naphtha, 7500 BSPD - As Above.
Kerosene, Gas oil
and Fuel oil
products
7. Modelling Cas es
The following tank fire cases are considered in this study
1. Case-1 Tank TK-102 (Feed Stock-Dia 29.5M, 20.0M Height)
2. Case-2 Tank TK-202 (Fuel Oil – Dia 28.0M, 20.0 M Height)
3. Case-3 Tank TK-205 (Gas Oil – Dia 21.0M, 20.0 M Height)
Case-1 Tank TK-102 Tank Top Fire (Pool Fire)
Figure 1; Cross section heat flux full surface tank fire, TK102
Radiations Result Summery
6 kW/m2 radiation 12 kW/m2 Nearby Tanks
from centre of radiation from centre impacted by 12 Remarks
Tank of Tank kW/m2
TK-101, TK-202 TK- Radiations (up-to 4kW/m2) not
53 Meters 27 Meters
103 reaching ground level
Case-2 Tank TK-202 Tank Top Fire (Pool Fire)
Figure 2; Cross section heat flux full surface tank fire, TK202
Radiations Result Summery
12 kW/m2 Nearby Tanks
6 kW/m2 radiation
radiation from centre impacted by 12 Remarks
from centre of Tank
of Tank kW/m2
TK-201, TK-102 TK- Radiations (up-to 4kW/m2)not
52 Meters 26 Meters
203 reaching ground level
Case-3 Tank TK-205 Tank Top Fire (Pool Fire)
Figure 3; Cross section heat flux full surface tank fire, TK205
8. Radi ations Result Summery
12 kW/m2 Nearby Tanks
6 kW/m2 radiation
radiation from centre impacted by 12 Remarks
from centre of Tank
of Tank kW/m2
TK-117, TK-115,
Radiations (up-to 4kW/m2)not
51 Meters 26 Meters TK-107, TK-106, TK-
reaching ground level
204
