Cavite State University- Main Campus

Home Economics, Vocational and Technical

Education Department

BSHM 50- MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF

TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

Module 2: The History of Tourism and Hospitality

Compiled by: This module belongs to:

Cherrie B. Mangilog
Instructor _DE JESUS, JOSHUA PAUL
CANDADO____________________
 Preface

This module intends to orient and introduce the students to the tourism and
hospitality industry. It aims to define terminologies in order to explain the relationship
between tourism and hospitality concepts, discuss the different components of the
industry as well as their respective characteristics and importance. Other topics
include the nature of a tour, the tourist product and tourist destination, and the tourist
services.

This module was created to provide foundational knowledge and background

information for the students with regards to the basic know-hows of the tourism and
hospitality industry. This is also a great opportunity to straighten out facts and
debunk myths about the nature of the field/course that they intend to partake in the
future.
 Table of Contents

Learning Objectives ……………………………………………………..…………………..i

Instructions to the learner …………………………………………………………………..i

Pre-Test ……………………………………………………………………………….……..ii

Learning Topics: The History of Tourism and Hospitality

A. History of Tourism Industry…………………. ………………………………….1

B. History of Hospitality Industry…………...………………………………………8

C. International Travel Pattern……………………………………………………18

D. Factors that Favor the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality…………………19

Post-Test ………………………………………………………………………………......20

Key to Correction…………………………………………………………………………..22

References ………………………………………………………………………………...23
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After the completion of this module, the student will be able to:

1. describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry;

2. explain the origin of tourism and hospitality in the Philippines;
3. identify the international travel patterns;
4. describe the factors that favor the growth of tourism and hospitality.

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE LEARNER

• Answer the pre-test questions before reading the learning topics covered in this
module.

• The pre-test will serve as a diagnostic exam which will gauge the level of your
knowledge regarding the topics.

• Make sure to read the lecture notes thoroughly and jot down unfamiliar terms and
take time to research its definitions by any means possible.

• Several learning activities and supplementary readings are required for some
topics which will further enhance your comprehension and understanding about the
subject matter so make sure to accomplish them.

• You may also be asked to watch video clips related to certain topics so please be
mindful of footnotes regarding the links to such learning materials.

• Do not forget to answer the post-test after completing this module since it is one of
the tools in assessing what you have learned from the included topics.

• Should there be any clarification or queries, feel free to communicate your

concerns with your instructor through any means possible and within the specified
consultation hour/period.

1
 PRE-TEST

Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and

F if the statement is false.

______T________1. The Greeks and the Romans were well-known traders and as

their respective empires increased, travel became necessary.

______F________2. Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word “Toda” which means

studying, learning, or searching. D

______F________3. In the 15th century, photography and guide books became

popular.

______T________4. World War II also led to increased interest in travel. Air travel

had become more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper in comparison with other
forms of transport.

______T________5. After World War I, forms of travel began to change radically.

The
railway’s as a means of travel declined with the introduction of the motor car.
______F________6. Koreans invented money and writing as a means to record and
settle their business transactions.
______T________7. Ancient Greek civilization began to develop about 1100 BC. It
evolved in the form of independent city-states.
______F________8. In United State of America, Charlemagne aka Charles the
king,
established rest houses for pilgrims.
______T________9. By 1700s, the inns in England were much safer and more
comfortable.
______F_______10. In the 1990s, fine dining became popular because
businessmen
liked to eat well

2
*** If you are done. Check your answer by referring to the answer key in the last
page of this module.

3
 HISTORY OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Early Tourism

● Man has traveled since the earliest times although the term “tourism” was
used only in the 19th century.

● “Tourism” is derived from the Hebrew word torah which means studying,

learning, or searching. dying, learning, or searching.

● Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testaments. Noah with his Ark must

have been the first large-scale operator even though his passengers were

mostly animals. There are numerous references to caravans and traders in

the Old Testaments.

● Early tourism has two forms:

o travel for business such as trading and

o religious travel.

● Merchants traveled extensively in order to trade with other nations and tribes.

● The invention of money, writing, and wheel by the Sumerians facilitated travel

and exchange of goods.

● The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders.

● The Greeks and the Romans were well-known traders and as their respective

empires increased, travel became necessary.

● There was also travel for private purposes like, the Olympic Games held in

776 BC by the Greeks and the travel by rich Romans for enjoyment and to

visit friends and relatives.

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 ● The Roman traveler was largely aided by improvement in communications,

first-class roads and inns. Employing relays of horses, distances of 100 miles

or more could be covered in one day.

● Travel for religious reasons took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship

such as Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury.

● In the 14th century, Rome, Jerusalem and St. James of Galicia was the

foremost destination of English pilgrims.

● In 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the

forerunner for the modern passport.

Tourism in the Medieval Times

● Travel derived from the word travail, became burdensome, dangerous and

demanding.

● During the medieval period, travel declined. After the decline of Roman

Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained and became unsafe.

● Thieves inflicted harm on those who travel. In this time, no one traveled for

pleasure.

● Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.

According to Cosson, one of the historian said ‘A guide was paid a large fee because

he is not only led the way but also generated safe to the travelers” eventually Tour

Guide begun to be suitable and acceptable job.

2
Tourism during the Renaissance and Elizabeth Eras

● In the 16th century, travel became popular and a few renowned universities

developed so that travel for education was introduced largely by the British.

● Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were encouraged to

travel to the continent to widen their education.

● The education of a gentleman should be completed by a “Grand Tour” of the

cultural centers of the continent which lasted for three years.

● Excursions were taken by the first class youth also called ‘Grand Tourists’ for

cultural and educational reasons.

● These tourists were expected to enrich their knowledge through long journeys

while being accompanied by a cicerone. The cicerone, named after Cicero the

most esteemed guide in European society. The guide was expected to be well

versed in many subjects, articulate and multi-lingual and educational reasons.

● Pleasure-seeking young men of leisure traveled predominantly through

France and Italy to enjoy the cultures and social life in Europe, with Venice,

Florence, and Paris as the key attractions.

● Young men sought intellectual improvement, the sick sought a remedy for

their illness in “spas” or medicinal baths. The term spa is derived from the

Walloon word espa meaning “fountain”. Turnbridge Wells in Kent (near

London) became famous as a spa in the 1660s.

3
Tourism during the Industrial Revolution

● The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes, not only technological

changes, but also essential social changes that made travel desirable as a

recreational activity.

● The increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing urbanization

gave more people the opportunity to go on holiday.

● The emerging middle class combined higher incomes and growing education

into annual holidays.

● To escape from their responsibilities and the crowded city environment, they

traveled to the countryside or seashore for their holidays. This led to the

creation of working-class resorts near major industrial centers.

Modern Tourism
Tourism in the 19th Century

● Introduction of the railway and the development of steam power. The railroads

created not only more business by providing reliable and cheap transportation

and also more competition as various private companies invested heavily in

hotels, resorts, and entertainment facilities.

● Steamers on the major rivers provided reliable and inexpensive transportation

that led to the popular day-trip cruises and the growth of costal resorts near

large industrial towns.

● Tourism became organized in later years of the 19th century and the travel

organizers emerged. The first and most famous of these was Thomas Cook,

his first excursion train trip was between Leicester and Loughborough in 1841

4
 with 570 passengers at a round-trip fare of one shilling. In 1866, he organized

American tour. In 1874 he introduced “circular notes” which were accepted by

banks, hotels, shops and restaurants. These where in effect the first traveler’s

checks.

● With John Mason Cook, he formed a partnership and renamed the travel

agency as Thomas Cook and Son.

● Other tour companies which appeared in Britain at this time were Dean and

Dawson in 1871, the Polytechnic Touring Association in 1872, and frames in

1881. In United States, American Express was founded by Henry Wells and

William Fargo.

● In the 19th century, photography and guide books became popular. The most

popular of these was Baedecker, first published in 1839 which became the

leading guide for European countries.

Modern Tourism

Tourism in the 20th Century

● At the beginning of the 20th century, pleasure travel continued to expand,

encouraged by the increasing wealth, curiosity, and outgoing attitudes of the

people as well as the increasing ease of such movement.

● World War I brought about many changes. Early post-war prosperity, coupled

with large-scale migration, boosted the demand for international travel.

● New forms of mass communication stimulated curiosity about other countries.

The influence of posters and the press, the cinema, radio, and television

widened knowledge and interest in travel.

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● After World War I, forms of travel began to change radically. The railway’s as

a means of travel declined with the introduction of the motor car. Motorized

public road transport improved road conditions led to the popularity of seaside

tours.

● World War II also led to increased interest in travel. Air travel had become

more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper in comparison with other forms of

transport. The introduction of the Boeing 707 jets in 1958, the age of air travel

for the masses arrived, hastening declined of sea travel.

● Improvement in air transport not only encourage greater transcontinental

travel, but also instrumental in the growth of international travel in 1960, and

1970s.

● After the post-war recovery years, there was an increase in private car

ownership. Travelers switched to the use of cars and this change affected

both coach and rail services. Private car provided flexible transportation which

freed people from the schedules and fixed routes of public transport.

● Road improvements brought more distant resorts closer to the major cities.

● Resourceful tour operators devised flexible packages aimed at the private

motorist at home and abroad. Hotels also devised their own programs of

short-stay holidays for the private motorist.

● The post-war economic recovery provided an increased in discretionary

income and leisure time, which many people converted into increased

recreation and travel.

● Governments have created more vacation time by incorporating isolated

public holidays into the familiar “long weekends” throughout the year.

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● By the 1970s, two vacations a year were a common occurrence. The annual

overseas holiday had become a necessity rather than a luxury.

● As business and trade prospered in the developed countries, business travel

also flourished, leading to the demand not only for individual travel, but also

for conference and incentive travel on a worldwide scale.

● As economic power has shifted between countries, new tourism-generating

countries such as the oil-rich Arab countries and Japan arose. Europe, as well

as the developing tourist-based economies of Asia, have benefited from this

influx. The Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia have

strengthened their tourist attractions to appeal to new markets.

● Societal trends are favorable to the continued growth of demand.

Governments of many nations are encouraging the growth of both domestic

and international tourism as a means of job creation, economic diversion and

source of foreign exchange.

7
 HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Ancient Period
The Sumerians

● The history of the hospitality industry began with the Sumerians, a group of

people who lived in Mesopotamia near the Persian Gulf at about 4000BC.

This area was fertile, several Sumerians became prosperous, as well as

skilled farmers and cattle breeders.

● Sumerians invented money and writing as a means to record and settle their

business transactions. They were the first to develop trade in the modern

sense of the word. In growing and trading grain, they converted it to alcoholic

beverages in Sumerian Society.

● The Sumerians organized themselves into city-states. Sumerian traders

required the services of travelers, namely: food, drinks and shelter. Local

Sumerian taverns were established, making them the first hospitality

business. Most likely that the hospitality industry began with the Sumerians

5,000 years ago in 3000BC. These taverns attracted criminals and others

who meet at the taverns to plot crimes.

● Local or national governments attempted to regulate them. The first recorded

effort was made by Hammurabi, the King of Babylon, who ascended the

throne in 1792 BC. He made a set of laws, carved in stone, known as the

Code of Hammurabi.

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 Early Traders

In 2000 BC, a considerable amount of trade had developed among the

people of the Middle East. Some enterprising individuals set up the

caravanserai which provided food and shelter to travelers. These were the

early examples of inns. They were often dirty and infected with bugs that

travelers tried to avoid whenever possible.

Empires :3200 BC to 476 AD

From 3200 BC to 476 AD, three significant empires flourished- the

Egyptian, Greek, and Roman. This period is known to historians as the

Empire Era. Each of these empires developed hospitality services for

increasing numbers of travelers.

Egyptian Empire

● The Egyptian Empire developed slowly over several thousand years by

3200 BC, various groups had been united under one government ruled

by a “pharaoh”, the Egyptian term for king.

● The famous pyramids or tombs for the pharaohs became tourist

attractions that many people traveled long distances to see. In addition

to traveling to see the pyramids, people traveled to attend religious

festivals.

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 ● The ancient Egyptians were the first to see that food service and

lodging should be provided to travelers. Thus, the ancient Egyptians

were the first to begin the activity we now call tourism and hospitality.

Greek Empire

● Ancient Greek civilization began to develop about 1100 BC. It evolved

in the form of independent city-states. These city-states were united by

Philip of Macedonia in the middle of the third century BC. His son,

Alexander the Great, built an empire that surrounded the

Mediterranean and extended as far east as India.

● Their land and sea travels made them dominant in the Mediterranean

region. Hence, inns and taverns became common in ancient Greece.

As in the Middle East, they had a bad reputation. The owners

adulterated drinks with water and engaged in criminal activities. They

were looked down upon by rich and powerful citizens.

● In contrast to inns and taverns, restaurants in ancient Greece were

often respected and served fine food.

Roman Empire

● In 146 BC, after many years of conflict, Greece became a Roman

protectorate. By the time Rome had conquered most of Western

Europe and the Middle East, inns and taverns were established

throughout the empire. The Romans constructed elaborate inns along

the main roads for officials and couriers of the Roman government.

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 ● Macro Polo described these inns as “fit for a king”. Near the cities, inns

and taverns were constructed for less wealthy citizens and were run by

freemen or by retired gladiators who wanted to invest their money in

the restaurant business.

● The Roman public restaurants served ordinary food to the people. In

the ruins of Pompeii, there are many small restaurants that are similar

to the fast-food restaurants at present. It is believed that the Romans

were the first to establish the first restaurant chain.

● In ancient Persia, large caravans carried elaborate tents that were

used along caravan routes. These caravans stopped at Khans, a

combination of stables, sleeping accommodations, and fortresses

which provided shelter from sandstorms and enemies who attacked

caravans.

Medieval Period

Dark Ages

● After the fall of the Roman Empire in 475 AD, inn keeping almost

disappeared, except local taverns and a few inns which were scattered

throughout Europe.

● The Roman Catholic Church took over the job of feeding and housing

travelers-both religious and lay people. The monasteries of the Church

were self-sufficient enterprises. Members of the religious orders

planted vegetables and herbs, raised animals for meat, and grew

grapes for wine. The most famous of these monastery-shelters was the

11
 Hospice of St. Bernard located in the Alps, 8,110 feet above sea level.

Travelers were not changed for lodging.

● In Europe, Charlemagne aka Charles the king, established rest houses

for pilgrims. The main purpose was to protect pilgrims and provide

hospitality on their routes.

● Medieval guilds held open houses to receive pilgrims.

Accommodations in medieval guilds were similar to those of the

monasteries.

● Providing hospitality services to travelers became a burden to the

religious houses. The monasteries were “overbooked”. The Church

continued to provide hospitality to the poor since Christian charity was

an important element in the Church’s mission. It continued to provide to

the nobles who made large financial contributions.

Renaissance: 1350 AD to 1600 AD

● During the Renaissance, there were no restaurants or dining

establishments. In England, there were taverns, pubs, and inns. None

of these served food. They were generally avoided by the upper

classes who dined and entertained in their homes.

● Concern about table manners increased during this period and rules to

be observed at the dinner table developed. People were instructed not

to put food on their plate using their fingers because such behavior is

unpleasant and annoying. Burping at the dinner table was considered

unacceptable.

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Early Modern Period: 1600 AD to 1800 AD

● In the sixteenth century, a type of eating place for commoners called an

ordinary appeared in England. These places were taverns that served a fixed

price, fixed menu meal.

● During this era, coffee and tea began to influence the culinary habits of

Western Europe. Tea developed slower than coffee as a common beverage.

During the next century, coffee houses were built all over Europe.

● The first English coffee house was in St. Michael’s Ally, London in 1652. In

1683, Kolschitski opened the first coffee house in Central Europe. Coffee

houses became social and library centers as well as the forerunners of cafés

and coffee shops at present.

● The advent of stagecoach travel revolutionized hospitality on the road.

Regular stagecoach routes were established, followed by the building of the

stagecoach or coaching inns. Tired horses were exchanged with fresh horses

and stagecoach passengers were fed and given the opportunity to rest

overnight. Travel was difficult because the roads were full of potholes and

normally soaked in mud.

● Other developments of the period included an increase in the quality of inns,

the application of English common law to hospitality industry, and in France,

the reintroduction of restaurants for public dining.

● English common law forms the basis of US law. Many of the principles

developed in England in the seventeenth century are still enforced in the

United States at present.

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● Before the application of the common law to inns in the 1600s, inn keepers

ran their inns as their chose. Many would refuse to accommodate travelers,

although were available.

● Early common law required inn keepers to receive all travelers, provided that

the inn keeper had available space and that travelers were in fit condition.

Later, common law established two principles which are now considered basic

in the hospitality industry- the inn keeper should insure the guests’ property

and provide for guests’ safety.

● By 1700s, the inns in England were much safer and more comfortable. The

mails were an important element in the development of the hospitality

industry. Until the late 1700s, the mail in England was carried on horseback

by messengers known as post-boys who were able to ride six miles per hour.

● Post-houses were similar to the coaching inns. They were equipped to feed

drivers and passengers and accommodate them overnight.

● Until the late 18th century, there were no public restaurants. In England, there

were coffee houses, where one could get light snack. Most people took their

meals at home. Inns were established for travelers and did not normally serve

meals to local residents.

● The food service element of the hospitality industry changed dramatically in

France in 1765. in that year, Boulanger operated a small business which sold

soups and broths in Paris. These were known as restaurants, a French word

which means “restoratives”. Boulanger was one of the many who sold soups

and broths in Paris at that time. Boulanger decided to add an item in his

product- a dish made of sheep’s feet with sauce.

14
● The traiteurs, members of the caterers’ guild who prepared roasts and meats

for consumption in private homes, objected on the grounds that Boulanger

was preparing and selling a ragout and that only traiteurs were allowed to sell

rag outs and similar foods under existing French law.

● This led to the establishment of public dining rooms where guests are seated

and serve with the food and drinks of their choice. Boulanger is recognized

as the first to create the first restaurant, an establishment open to the public

with a dining room where a variety of foods could be bought and consumed.

● During the French Revolution, the common people of France revolted against

the monarchy who took control of the government and properties of the

aristocrats, many of whom were executed. Cooks and chef who had been

employed by the aristocrats suddenly lost their jobs. After the French

Revolution, the number of restaurants increased in Paris and other parts of

the world.

● Another type of food-service establishment which developed in France was

the café. Café is the French word for “coffee”. At first, they only served

snacks just as the English did. Later, the owners of these establishments

used their highly develop culinary skills to prepare more elaborate items which

delighted their costumers.

● These developments in France in the late 18th century marked the beginning

of the modern restaurant industry.

The Industrial Era: from 1800

The Industrial Revolution, which dates from mid-1700s, started in

England. The development of railroad networks, first in England, then in other

15
 countries, had a greater effect on the hospitality industry than any other

development since the fall of the Roman Empire. Inns, taverns, restaurants,

and hotels opened near railroad stations.

Modern Period

Nineteenth Century

● Many hotels were constructed without dining facilities. In 1875, a dining facility

was opened in the Albemarle Hotel in London. By this time, the term

restaurant referred to the dining room of a hotel.

● In London, more luxurious hotels began to appear. One of the best known

hotels was the Savoy which was opened by Richard d’Oyly Carte in 1889. In

the Savoy, d’Oyly Carte employed two men who became famous throughout

the world- Cesar Ritz and Auguste Escoffier. The General Manager was the

renowned Cesar Ritz and the Chef des Cuisines was Auguste Escoffier.

● These two men revolutionized the hotel restaurants. Auguste Escoffier was

one of the greatest chefs of all time. He is known for his classic book, Le

Guide Culinaire.

● Delmonico’s was the only expensive and aristocratic restaurant in the United

States. Delmonico’s served Swiss-French cuisine and became the center of

American gastronomy or the art of good eating.

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● Although the modern hotel was an American invention, the Europeans

contributed the European plan which meant that a guest need to pay for both

room and meals in one lump sum, but could pay for only the room and order

the meals separately from an a la carte menu or eat elsewhere.

● More innovations in hospitality occurred in the 19th century such as the

custom of dining out, better methods of preserving food through canning and

vacuum packing, mass feeding for school children, and the establishment of

ice cream parlors.

Twentieth Century

● In 1921, Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham began the White Castle

hamburger chains. Marriott’s Hot Shoppe and root beer stands opened in

1927, at about this time, the drive-in and fast-food restaurants also sprang

up in America.

● In 1925, Howard Johnson opened his original restaurant in Wollaston,

Massachusetts. In 1934, the Rainbow Room opened. This art deco

restaurant supported the reemergence of New York as the center of power

and glamour.

● In 1937, Trader Vic’s restaurant opened. The social elite was attracted to

the Polynesian-themed restaurant which served exotic drinks including the

Mai Tai that Vic invented.

● After World War II, there was a rapid development of hotels and coffee

shops. The 1950s, saw the emergence of fast-food restaurants.

● In the 1960s, fine dining became popular because businessmen liked to

eat well. In the 1970s, new establishments were introduced such as the

17
 Taco
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL PATTERNS
Bell,

TGI Fridays, Houston’s, and Red Lobster in the restaurant industry, and

Days inn, Super 8 Motels, and Comfort Inns in the lodging industry.

● The 1990s started with a recession which began in 1989. the hospitality

industry experienced a downturn due to the Gulf War. Since 1993, the

economic recovery was very strong.

● In 1993, the economic recovery was very strong. Thus, several mergers

and acquisitions have taken place. Many corporations have expanded

overseas. Eastern Europe and China have opened up.

● Major travel flows occur between the United States and Western Europe.

● Secondary regional pattern exist between South America, the Caribbean,

Africa, the Near East and the Far East.

● Travel to Africa is usually one way, originating to Europe.

● The Heaviest flow of air traffic into Europe is between New York and London.

● Within Europe, the major flows are between London and Paris, London and

Frankfurt, and Milan and Rome.

● The cities in Europe most frequently visited by tourist are London, Paris,

Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Brussels, Zurich, Geneva, Madrid, Copenhagen,

Vienna, Milan, Rome and Munich.

● Top 10 countries generating international travel rank are:

o United States

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FACTORS THAT FAVOR THE GROWTH OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

o Germany

o United Kingdom

o Canada

o Japan

o France

o Netherlands

o Mexico

o Switzerland

o Australia

● Europe generates about one-half of overseas traveler to the US.

Some of the positive factors that hastened the growth of tourism and hospitality

are:

● Rising disposable income for large sections of the population.

● Growth in the number of retired person who have the desire and energy to

travel.

● Increase in discretionary time

● Greater mobility of the population.

● Growth in the number of “singles”.

● Greater credit availability through credit cards and bank loans.

● Higher educational level.

● The growth of cities.

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 ● Simplification of travel through package tour.
POST-TEST
● The growth of multinational business.

● Modern transportation technology.

● Shift in values.

● Advances in communication.

● Smaller families and changing roles.

I. Identification. Identify what is being asked.

_Early Phoenicians_1. They toured the Mediterranean as traders.

_14th Century____2. During this era, Rome, Jerusalem and St. James of Galicia
was
the foremost destination of English pilgrims.
_Elizabeth I__3. Under her, young men seeking positions in court were
encouraged to travel to the continent to widen their education.
_Fountain___4. The term spa is derived from the Walloon word espa which
means?
_19th Century___5. Era where Introduction of the railway and the development of
steam power happened.
_Thomas Cook__6. The first and most famous travel organizer was?
_Dean and Dawson_7. Tour company which appeared in Britain in 1871.
_Boeing 707 jets_8. What was introduced in 1958 that declined sea travel?

20
_Code of Hammurabi_9. Set of laws that are carved in stone regulated by
Hammurabi, the King of Babylon.
_3200 BC – 476 AD_10. Three significant empires flourished - the Egyptian,
Greek, and Roman during this era.
_Marco Polo__11. Described inns as “fit for a king” in 146 BC.
_Pharaoh___12. Egyptian term for king.
_Hospice of St. Bernard__13. Most famous monastery-shelters in the Alps,
8,110 feet above sea level where travelers were not changed for lodging.
_London____14. More luxurious hotels began to appear here in 19 th Century.
_Boulanger__15. He operated a small business which sold soups and broths in
Paris.
_Cesar Ritz__16._Auguste Escoffier_17. Two men that revolutionized the hotel
restaurants.
_Walter Anderson__18._Billy Ingraham__19. They began the White Castle
hamburger chains in 1921.

__1925_______20. Year when Howard Johnson opened his original restaurant

in Wollaston, Massachusetts.

II. Enumeration

1-5 – Give 5 countries included in top 10 countries generating travel.

● United States

● Germany

● United Kingdom

● Netherlands

● Mexico

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 6-10- Give 5 factors that favor the growth of tourism

● The growth of multinational business.

● Modern transportation technology.
● Shift in values.
● Advances in communication.
● Smaller families and changing roles.

*** If you are done. Check your answer by referring to the answer key in the last
page of this module.

Pre-Test

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. F

Post-Test

I. Identification

1. Early Phoenicians

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2. 14th Century
3. Elizabeth I
4. Fountain
5. 19th Century
6. Thomas Cook
7. Dean and Dawson
8. Boeing 707 jets
9. Code of Hammurabi
10. 3200 BC – 476 AD
11. Marco Polo
12. Pharaoh
13. Hospice of St. Bernard
14. London

References

Lansangan-Cruz, Z., (2018). Macro Perspective of Tourism and

Hospitality. Manila: Rex Book Store Inc.

Walker, J., (2011). It’s tourism concepts and practices. USA: Pearson
Education Inc.

Vibal, V., (2010). Principles of tourism 1. Anvil Publishing.

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Cooper C., Et. Al. (2008). Tourism principles and practices. 4th Edition
England: Pearson Education Limited.

Santos, B., and Manzano, R., (2009). Principles of tourism 1. Quezon

City: C and E Publishing, Inc.

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