2019 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Management,Communicates,Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC 2019)

The Application of Object-Oriented Method in the

Development of Large and Complex Test Projects
Li Chen, Hui Peng, Lin Jiang
LuoyangElectronicEquipmentTestCenterofChina,LuoyangHe’nan471003,China
E-mail:15036344141@163.com
Abstract—In this paper, we are first analyzed the essence and process to understand the objective world and solve the
connotation of object-oriented method, and introduced the basic objective world problems.
process of test project development. Then it proposed a
In the field of engineering design, the objects have two
development method of the object-oriented test, which
basic characteristics, one is data and the other is operation.
standardized the development process, and solved the problem
Data is used to represent the static attribute of an object, and it
of test risk control in the design and development of the project.
is the state information of the object; operation is used to
Finally, it introduced the development process of large and
change the dynamic behavior of the state information of the
complex test projects by object-oriented method.
object. When analyzing the problem space ,the object-oriented
Keywords—Object-oriented; test identification; project
method don’t describe the specific objects, but abstract their
development
common structure and behavior characteristics, and make a
I. INTRODUCTION unified description. It avoids data redundancy and repetition of
the operation instructions.
With the gradual improvement of the information level of
electronic information equipment and the continuous updating B. The object-oriented methodology model
of the technical system, the diversity and complexity of the The object-oriented methodology usually establishes three
system become more and more significant. The overall design models to study the problem space, the object model, the
and implementation of the electronic information equipment dynamic model and the function model.
test tasks is becoming more and more complex. The traditional
The object models represents static, structured, and
single mode test design and management technology has
systematic data properties. It is a mapping of the relationship
gradually been unable to meet the requirements of this new
between the objects in the problem space and describes the
large and complex test task. This paper introduces a test
static structure of the system. The object models exists in the
project development based on the object-oriented method. It
form of object classes abstracted from objects of the same data
puts forward a better solution for standardizing the design and
properties[2].
controlling the risk of large and complex test tasks.
The dynamic models represents instantaneous, behavioral
II. THE CONCEPT OF OBJECT-ORIENTED METHOD
and systematic control processes. It specifies the sequence of
A. The object-oriented Method legitimate operations of objects in the object model. The
The object-oriented method is based on the epistemology essence of dynamic model is to describe the basic operation
and methodology. It used object to understand and analyze the process of the research problem space, and to describe the
problem space, then design and develop a solution space basic operation process in a modeled way. It specifies how the
composed by objects[1]. Since the problem space and the object provides services and interactions to the outside world.
solution space is all composed by objects, the problem cause
The function model shows that the system can provide
by the inconsistency between the problem space and the
stable functions, and it specifies the functions of objects in the
solution space structure can be eliminated. In short,
object model[3]. The essence of the function model is to
object-oriented is to face the thing itself, and the
object-oriented method is to use the object-oriented analysis

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 describe what services the problem space can provide to the generally appraise and examine the products according to the
outside world. general requirements. Test requirement analysis is the process
of understanding the technical metrics of the subjects. In the
In the three models, the object model is the most basic and
process of requirement analysis, we need to organize higher
important model, which lays the foundation for the other two
authorities, product users, argumentation units, and
models. Firstly, the object oriented methodology establishes
development units to discuss and analyze each index item by
the object model for solving the problem domain, then
item, and determine the specific meaning, scope of application,
establishes a dynamic model describing the behavior of objects
application boundary conditions and other requirements of
based on the definition, dependency relations and behavior
each index. The tester of the testing unit analyzed and
rules of different classes of objects. Finally, the function model
explained the requirements, and formed a memorandum or
of object classes is built according to the services that can be
summary to avoid ambiguities and disputes in the future. In
provided by the object class during the change process.
short, requirement analysis is the process of defining the scope
III. THE PROCESS OF TEST PROJECT DESIGN of the test and the specific meaning of the test index, so as to
A. The basic process of test provide a basis for the overall design of the test.
Usually, the test work is divided into six stages, mission 2) the overall design
requirements, overall design, support needs, detailed design, The overall design process ,which based on the analysis of
test implementation, analysis & summary. Each stage has the test requirements, is a process of preparing the general test
different work priorities and objectives, and it is necessary to plan and the test outline. The overall test plan needs to design
form solid results. Some achievements need to be reviewed, and explain why each index is evaluated in this way, and the
and some results need to be approved by higher authorities, so test outline directly specifies how each metric should be
as to provide guidance and support for follow-up work. As assessed. The overall test scheme should start with the
shown in the “Fig. 1”. realization of the basic method and clarify the relevant factors
of the test. The test techniques and methods designed in the
General requirements for equipment
development general plan should adopt mature or experienced technical
Metric decomposition methods as far as possible, so as to reduce the risk of testing.
& analysis Communication
mission
requirement
& confirmation
Overall requirement The new technology and new methods which must be adopted
Requirement decomposition
& analysis
should be determined by risk analysis and review evaluation.
review
overall design Review &
approval
Overall scheme
&test outline The test outline don’t need to explain why is each metric so
Task coordination
& distribution Confirmation&
assessed, but it should specify specific assessment methods for
submission
support needs Occupations & tasks
of various departments each metric concisely and clearly. After approval by the higher
Task decomposition
& design Review & authorities, it is the programmatic basis for the implementation
approval
detailed design Implementation details
of the test.
Test organization
& arrangement Process recording &
data preprocessing 3) the support needs
test Datas & results
The approval of the test outline marks the determination of
Analysis review the basic framework of the test work. The test unit needs to
Reports
&summary
complete the internal organizational division of labor and the
establishment of organizational structure according to the
Fig. 1, The basic process diagram of test
content of the test work and the needs of each work. Support
B. The main work in each stage needs usually include, support with test equipment, command
1) the requirement analysis support, communication support, site support, meteorological
Requirement analysis refers to the analysis of the technical support, logistics support and so on. The support needs should
metrics of the under-proof products. The testing units sent to the protection unit in the form of formal document

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 notification, so as to ensure the implementation of various technical summary of the test unit to support the follow-up
safeguards. similar test.
4) the detailed design IV. THE ENGINEERING CONCEPTS AND METHODS FOR TEST
The detailed design is the specific requirement for the
PROJECT
implementation of test technology. There are two ways to
From the six stages of the development and
draw up detailed test implementation rules, one way is to start
implementation of the test project, we can see that the test
with data-oriented, design it from top to bottom. Because the
project is a project that is well organized, well managed and
final test is to get the data and analysis data to judge whether
coordinated by all kinds of personnel. It mainly includes three
the product is qualified, so the test process is the process of
basic elements: method, available resources and process. The
obtaining data, analyzing data and evaluating data. The second
method is to complete all kinds of technologies adopted in the
way is modular design using function decomposition. This is
test project, and the available resources are the various
mainly aimed at the internal security needs of the pilot units,
environments and conditions that must be used in the test
which is also considered in the process of testing outline, but it
project. Therefore, the engineering project management is
is not specific enough. In the detailed design stage, each test
carried out, and the test is defined as a project, and the project
subject and each safeguard method must be divided into
is studied according to the concept and method of engineering.
independent parts, so as to facilitate the implementation of the
The core of engineering is to combine the proven management
test organization.
method, the best available technology and effective resources,
5) the test implementation
in order to reduce project cost and achieve higher efficiency
The test implementation is a process of drawing up the test
and quality. The key to design and manage test items by
plan, organizing the test implementation, recording the test
engineering methods is to control the complexity and risk of
data and dealing with the test problems, which based on the
the test.
implementation rules formed by the detailed design. As a
complex system engineering, some unexpected problems will A. The test complexity control
inevitably occur during the implementation of the test, Usually, a large and complex test project needs to solve a
including technical and environmental problems, human errors lot of problems for various reasons, including test methods,
and so on. Therefore, the most important task in the test guarantee conditions, personnel cooperation and external
implementation is to avoid problems affecting the test and to communication. All these will lead to very complicated test
deal with various emergencies. In the process of test work. According to engineering methods, the central task of
implementation, all kinds of problems or incidents must be test engineering is to reduce complexity and decompose
classified, and the scope and procedures of the test personnel complex problems so as to make them operable and
should be stipulated to ensure the efficiency of the test. manageable. For test engineering, reducing complexity and
decomposing problems is the process of decomposing test
6) the analysis and summary
Analysis and summary is the process of comprehensively objectives, metrics and test methods.

and systematically analyzing the data collected and pretreated The hierarchical decomposition method is commonly used
during the test process, compiling the test report and the test in engineering complexity decomposition. It is a result
technical summary report after the end of the test. The test oriented tree structure composed of various parts of the test
report shows whether the technical metrics of the products project, which determines the whole contents of the test project.
meet the overall development requirement. It is a The decomposition of each test is different, but there is some
comprehensive evaluation of the tested products, which can be degree of similarity between the test items. Usually, it
used as the finalization basis. The technical summary report decompose the test items into smaller, easily organized and
mainly analyses and summarizes the solution of key technical implemented components, until sufficiently detailed. The
problems in the test process, which can be used as the general steps are as follows.

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 Step 1, identify the main components of the pilot project, controlled and solved timely, and gradually taken into the next
including the boundary, connotation and objectives of the test stage, it is extremely difficult and complex to make future
project. That is, tested products, main inspection technical modifications, even can’t be remedied. According to
metrics and test objectives. engineering experience, the overall trend of changing the cost
at different stages of the project is shown in “Fig. 3”.
Step 2, verify whether each component is decomposed in
sufficient detail for test design. If each component is risks

decomposed in sufficient detail, take step four, otherwise step

high
three. In other words, different components have various
decompositions. medium

Step 3, define the test method and test conditions. low

Step 4，check whether the decomposition is correct. Mainly Early-term Medium-term later-term Engineering stage

from the following aspects to check: A. Compared with the

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the trend of risk and cost at different stages
decomposed elements, the adequacy and necessity of low level
elements to be realized; B. Clearness and completeness of The test item project is a sub project in the major project of
boundary determination for each element; C. Rationality of product development. Therefore, the relationship between
implementation plan for each constituent element. product development must be considered in the test. The future
improvement and the use of products must be considered. In
The results of work structure decomposition should be
the design of test items, risks must be controlled as early as
solidified. On the one hand, it is easy to analyze and evaluate
possible. Risks controlling is mainly in the task requirements
the decomposition process and ensure scientific integrity. On
and the overall design of the pilot project. The risks of
the other hand, it facilitates the communication between test
understanding the technical metrics of the product and the
items. A decomposition diagram of a large and complex test is
risks of the key technology in the overall design of the test
shown in the “Fig. 2”
must be strictly controlled in the early stage of the test project.
System

subsystem The risks of understanding technical metrics in task

System-level System-level Device
capacity 1 capacity 2
demand are mainly avoided by communicating with the
Grading Grading Grading
metrics 1 metrics 2 metrics 3
overall demonstration unit and the superior authorities in the
Device-
preparation process. Organize seminars if necessary. Usually,
Device-level Device-level Device-level Device-level
metric 1 metric 2 metric 1 level metric 2
metric 1

Component
metric 1
Component
metric 2 problems not identified on the seminar should be further
solidified in the form of test methods at the test outline review
Fig. 2 Decomposition of a large and complex test
conference, in order to understand the technical metrics. When
Through the analytic hierarchy, the test equipment that the key technologies can’t be completely resolved or verified
need to be evaluated and the main technical metrics are in the overall test design, the application of new technology in
decomposed into each measureable and assessable units the test process should be controlled. In the overall test design,
gradually. Develop appropriate and correct methods for each we must make a full demonstration. Organize the verification
unit, then we can evaluate the whole test project. in advance if necessary.

B. The test risk control V. THE OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS METHOD IN THE TEST
Risk control is the primary problem in engineering design. PROJECTS

Because product testing is a highly innovative project of great A. The object oriented decomposition in the test projects
importance, the risk of testing should be first controlled. The Through the research of the object-oriented method and the
various test risks are hidden in all steps. If these risks are not analysis of the main contents of the test project, we can see

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 that the test project is more suitable to use the object oriented departments according to their functions, and each business
method to analysis and design the test projects. The department has specific operations. On the basis of this
implementation process of the test projects is a process of decomposition analysis, the design and implementation of the
division and coordination between each department in the pilot project can be further summarized, that is, the support
test implementation unit. The overall goal of the pilot project unit implements the specific tasks assigned by the overall unit .
is to reduce the risks and ensure the successful completion of
Therefore, in the process of object-oriented decomposition
the task, which is also the problem space to be solved.
of the test project, it is very important to establish a complete
According to the object-oriented analysis method, firstly we
function model, and the key to the function model is to
need to build object models according to the problem space.
decompose and assign the overall work of the project.
The object model of the test projects is to classify the
B. The analysis of the test item function model
function departments of the test implementation units
From the perspective of risk control, the overall work of
according to the coordination relationship of the test
the test projects function model can be divided into three
organizations. The classification is based on their work
aspects: First is the pre research of the key technology of the
contents and responsibilities in the whole test projects. The
test; second is the analysis of the test demand, the risk analysis,
dynamic model is the process of carrying out the test work and
the compilation of the outline and the plan; third is the
obtaining the test data according to the test work flow and the
judgment of the test result, the compilation of the report and
tasks undertaken . The function model of the test projects is the
the data reuse. The most critical test work of the analysis and
functions provided by the existing function departments,
design of the test projects is to control and reduce the risk, and
specific implementation units, etc. Function models are
the biggest risk in the overall test is the risk of the key
divided into two categories from the top level: overall work
technology. However, the research of key technologies often
function and support function.
takes longer time to accumulate. Some key technologies need
Through this division and design, the test engineering to be verified before they can be applied to the test. But the test
process can be summarized as follows: The whole process of task has a deadline, so this work can not usually be carried out
the test projects is realized by the completion of the general after the start of the test project.
work and the support work (function model) according to the
There are three ways to carry out the research on the key
working process (dynamic model) by the testing units (object
technology of the test: first, communicate with the equipment
models).
demonstration unit before the inform of the test task, master
Different tests are the application of the above three kinds the possible test contents in the next two to three years, and
of models in specific tests. The object model and dynamic carry out the pre research accordingly. Second, we should
model are determined by the organizational structure of the strengthen the analysis of scientific and technological
test unit and the division of functions among different information, track the direction of the technological
departments. The main difference in the applications of development of the tested equipment and the demand for
various models in specific tests is the realization of function equipment, and make a pre research on the new technology,
models. new ideas and simulation equipment for a certain scientific
research stage, and serve as a technology reserve. Third is that
The overall work in the function model can be divided into
plenty of our equipment is copying the foreign equipment, so
the overall organizational command and the overall technical
we can carry out research on the foreign equipment which
implementation. The main body of organizing and directing
technologically advanced and successful application in local
the overall work is the leading organ of the test
wars[4]. At the same time, some technology methods that can
implementation unit, and the main body of technical
be widely applied in future tests should be determined in a
implementation is the tester system. In the function model,
standard form.
supportability work can be assigned to different business

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 VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS

In this paper, an object-oriented analysis and design

method is proposed for large and complex test projects. The
key points of each stage of the test project are described. The
test complexity control and risk control methods are
introduced. Finally, the application of the object-oriented
analysis and design method in the test project is studied, and
the analysis method of the function model in the test project is
mainly introduced. Some of the research results in this paper
have been applied in the overall design of some large and
complex test task.

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[2] Lan ShuMei Zhong ZhiCheng. Object Mapping in Object-Oriented
Technology. Microelectronics and computer ,2005(2)
[3] Li Tian-mei. 《 Research on Optimum Design and Comprehensive
Evaluation Method of Equipment Testability Verification 》 [D].
Changsha: Nation Defense University of Science and Technology,
2010.
[4] Liu Ying-guo, Li Jian-xin.《Development and Consideration of Test and
Identification of Weapons and Equipment in the United States》China
National Defense Science and Technology Information Center,2005.

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