Anatomy of HCIE RS V3.

0
 VRP Introduction

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

VRP Network Operation System

VRP

VRP
inside

⚫ VRP Introduction
◼ VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) is a network OS running in IP devices, similar to iOS and
Windows.
◼ VRP is the brain of IP devices which constructs the global network.
◼ VRP has high reliability which ensures IP network secure and stable operation.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3
VRP Serves Multi-product Families

BRAS AR G3
ME60 NGN SGSN/GGSN MAG9811
AR
NE5000E NE80E CE12800
NE40E CE6800/5800

Router VRP Switch Ethernet Switches

Consistent user experience
ATN
Fast response and delivery
CX600 PTN6900

SSP5000 Security IT
IAS WLAN AC

SIG 9800 UA5000

Firewall
E8000
OSTA
MXU MA5600T

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 4
 Hardware Development of Network
Devices
2004 before 2006 2009 future

Single-Chassis Back-to-back CCC-2 Cluster

1.28Tbps 2.56Tbps 10Tbps 200Tbps

Single core to multi-cores

CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU

CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU CPU CPU CPU

Single Core DualCores Quad Cores MoreCores

Earlier OS use monolithic models. File management, memory management, device management, and process management is directly controlled within the kernel.
Cluster Central Chassis (CCC)

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 5
Development of VRP
VRP8
VRP5
VRP3

VRP2 ▪Component architecture

▪Multi-process
▪Distributed
▪High performance and component
VRP1 platform
▪Applicable to multiple types of architecture
▪Applied to ▪Supporting
Huawei devices
multiple types of multi-CPU and
▪Providing reliable techniques
▪Centralized Huawei devices multichassis
design. ▪Distributed ▪Supporting
such as GR and FRR

design ▪Complete IPv4/IPv6 platform

▪Applicable only various software
▪Basis of VRP3 ▪Complete L2VPN/L3VPN
to midrange-and features
solution 2009-Now
low-end routers. ▪Applicable to
▪Low core routers
performance 2004-Now
2000-2004
1999-2000

1998-2001
Multi-process,
Centralized Distributed Highly-reliable Multi-chassis,
Multi-core

VRP8 is a new-generation network operating system, which has a distributed, multi-process, and component architecture.
VRP8 supports distributed applications and virtualization techniques

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7
VRP8 Features

⚫ VRP8 Features
Coarse-
◼ Multi-core CPU or multi-process.
Grained
Modular ◼ Distributed applications.
◼ NSx (NSS, NSR, NSB and NSF) and In-Service
Software Upgrade (ISSU).
Resilient component system
◼ Netconf, and two-phase configuration commit and
VRP8 configuration rollback in the case of a commit
failure to facilitate user management and
enhanced carrier-class management and
Fine-Grained maintenance.
Modular

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 8
Two-Phase Configuration Commit

CLI user/
Phase 1 Phase 2
Netconf user
Configure
commands
Candidate data set Commit Running data set

In two-phase configuration mode, the command will take affect after commit but not immediately.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 9
CLI Command Line Views

View the running status

User View and statistics of the
device.
System View Set the system
parameters of the device.

Interface View Configure interface

parameters.

Protocol View Configure most routing

protocol parameters.

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 10
How to Use the CLI？
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[~Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/20]display this
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20
#
return
[~Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/20]quit
[~Huawei]display current-configuration
#
sysname Huawei
#
cluster enable
……
[~Huawei]aaa
[~Huawei-aaa]return
<Huawei>display history-command
system-view
display current-configuration
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/20

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 11
Common Function Keys
Inserts a character at the current location of the cursor if the editing buffer is not
Common key
full, and the cursor moves to the right.

BackSpace Deletes the character on the left of the cursor and the cursor moves to the left.

↑ or <Ctrl_P> Access the previous history commands.

↓ or <Ctrl_N> Access the next history command.

Tab Enter an incomplete keyword and press Tab to complete the keyword.

<Ctrl_C> Stops performing current functions.

Space Continue to display the next screen information.

Enter Continue to display the next line information.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 12
CLI Help Features

<Huawei> d?
Partial Help

<Huawei> display h?
Command Line Help
<Huawei> ?
Complete Help

<Huawei> display ?

[Huawei]d?
ddns dhcp
dhcpv6 diagnose
display dns
domain dot1x

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 13
Login to the Device

IP Network IP Network

Console Telnet Stelnet

(SSH)

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 15
Configuring the User Interface

Console VTY

Used to manage and monitor users log

Used to manage and monitor user login in through VTY.VTY ports for Telnet or
through the Console port. Console port SSH access to the device, and supports
type is EIA/TIA-232 DCE up to 21 users simultaneously through
VTY access.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 16
 Immediately Mode and Two Phase Mode

<Huawei>system-view [~Huawei]

Two-stage mode

<Huawei>system-view immediately [Huawei]

Immediately mode

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 17
Configuration Rollback
[~RB2]undo ……
[*RB2]undo ……
[*RB2]undo ……
[*RB2]vlan ……
I made a [*RB2]interface ……
mistake

<RB2>display configuration commit list

---------------------------------------------------------------------
No. CommitId Label User TimeStamp
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1000002222 - huawei 2012-10-16 16:10:37
2 1000002221 - huawei 2012-10-16 15:57:58
……
50 1000002173 - anonymous 2012-10-08 15:39:56
---------------------------------------------------------------------

<RB2>rollback configuration to commit-id 1000002220

Warning: This operation will revert configuration changes
to the previous status. Continue? [Y/N]:y
Loading rollback changes
Committing
Check rollback result
Configuration rollback succeeded.

Copyright © 2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 18
 IPv6 Protocol Basics

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

International IP Address Assignment Mode
Internet Assigned Number Regional Internet Registry (RIR)
Authority (IANA) Internet Service Provider (ISP)

The IANA department of Internet RIR assigns IP addresses to local ISPs, An ISP assigns IP addresses to
Corporation for Assigned Names for example, China Telecom and China organizations or users. For
and Numbers (ICANN) assigns IP Mobile. example, an ISP assigns Class A
addresses to five regional Internet IPv4 addresses to a super large
registration organizations, such as organization and Class C IPv4
APNIC, which is responsible for IP addresses to a medium-sized
address assignment in the Asia enterprise.
Pacific region.

Five RIRs:
➢ Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE): European IP address
registration center
➢ Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry
(LACNIC)
➢ American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
➢ Africa Internet Network Information Center (AFRINIC)
➢ Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC)

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 23
Status Quo of International IPv4 Address Assignment
⚫ On February 3, 2011, IANA announced to evenly assign the last 4.68 million IP
addresses to Internet information centers in five regions around the world. Since
then, no IPv4 addresses can be assigned.

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 24
 Global IPv6 Address Structure
128 Bits

Network Portion Host Portion

48 Bits 16 Bits 64 Bits

Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID

•Interface ID – identifies a host interface address

•Subnet ID – 65,536 possible subnets

•Global Routing Prefix – issued by IANA or RIR to ISPs at /32 or /35 in length, ISPs then
issue to customers with /48 mask
IPv6 Technical Features
⚫ Vast address space
⚫ Simplified packet structure
⚫ Automatic configuration and readdressing
⚫ Hierarchical network addressing
⚫ End-to-end security
⚫ Better support for QoS
⚫ Mobility

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 26
 V5 – Experimental Project, Internet Stream Protocol, RFC
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 27
 IPv6 Packet Format — Basic Header
⚫ Packet format
 An IPv6 packet contains an IPv6 basic header, multiple IPv6 extension headers, and an
upper-layer protocol data unit.
 An IPv6 basic header has eight fields with a fixed size of 40 bytes. Each IPv6 data packet
must contain a basic header.

Version Traffic Class Flow Label

Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit 40-byte

basic header
Source Address

Destination Address Compared with an

IPv4 header
Changed name/location

Reserved field

New field

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28
 IPv6 Packet Format — Extension Header
⚫ The extension header is optional. The data sender adds the corresponding extension
header only when the function of the extension header is required.
⚫ Extension headers are placed between the IPv6 basic header and upper-layer PDU
• Next Header: Indicates the next
header, with the length of 8 bits. The
Version Traffic Class Flow Label
function of this parameter is the same
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit as that of Next Header in the basic

40 bytes
header, specifying the next extension
Source Address header (if any) or the type of the upper-
layer protocol.
Destination Address • Extension Header Length: Indicates
the length of an extension header,
Next Header Extension header length Extension Head Data

Variable
which is 8 bits (excluding the Next

length
Extension header #1 data Header field).
• Extension Header Data: Indicates the
Next Header

Variable
Extension header length Extension Head Data

length
extension header data, with a variable
Extension header #1 data length. This includes a series of options
and padding fields.
Payload
(For example, TCP/UDP packets)
IPv6 requires that the extension header length be an integer multiple
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. of 8 bytes Page 29
IPv6 Packet Format — Types of Extension Headers
⚫ When an IPv6 packet uses more than one extension header, the headers
must be listed in the following order:

Next Header
Header Type Description
Field Value
This option specifies sending parameters for each hop on a transmission path. Each intermediate node on
a transmission path needs to read and process the field. The application scenarios include:
Hop-by-Hop Options
0 Jumbo payload
header
Router prompt
Resource reservation
Destination Options This header carries information that only the destination node of a packet processes. Currently, this
60
header header is used in mobile IPv6.
An IPv6 source node uses this header to specify the intermediate routers that a packet must pass through
Routing header 43
on the way to its destination. This option is similar to the Loose Source and Record Route option in IPv4.
Like IPv4 packets, the length of IPv6 packets to be forwarded cannot exceed the maximum transmission
Fragment header 44 unit (MTU). When the packet length exceeds the MTU, the packet needs to be fragmented. In IPv6, the
Fragment header is used by an IPv6 source node to send a packet larger than the MTU.
Authentication IPsec uses this header to provide data origin authentication, data integrity check, and packet anti-replay
51
header functions. It also protects some fields in the IPv6 basic header.
Encapsulating
Security Payload 50 This header provides the same functions as the Authentication header plus IPv6 packet encryption.
header

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 30
 Types of IPv6 Addresses
⚫ Unicast address: An identifier for a single interface. A packet sent to a unicast address is delivered to the interface identified by
that address. In IPv6, it is common for an interface to have multiple IPv6 addresses.
⚫ Multicast address: An identifier for a set of interfaces. A packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified
by that address. Only interfaces that are added to the corresponding multicast group listen to the packets destined for the
multicast address.
⚫ Anycast address: An identifier for a group of network interfaces, which usually belong to different nodes. A packet sent to an
anycast address is delivered to the nearest interface that is identified by the anycast address, depending on routing protocols.
⚫ No broadcast address is defined in IPv6.

IPv6 address

Multicast Unicast Anycast

address address address

Unspecified Loopback Global unicast Unique local

Link-local address
address address address address
: : /128 : : 1/128 FE80: : /10 2000: : /3 FC00: : /7

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 31
 IPv6 Unicast Address — Aggregatable Global
Unicast Address
⚫ The global unicast address definition is used for IPv6 Internet. This address is globally
unique and routable.
 Similar to the IPv4 public address.
 Composed of the prefix, subnet ID, and interface ID.

64 bits 64 bits

Prefix Interface ID
Global routing prefix Subnet Host

M bits N bits 128-M-N bit

 Global routing prefix: Assigned to an organization by a provider. Generally, the value is at
least 48 bits. Currently, the first 3 bits of every assigned global routing prefix is 001. Therefore,
the prefix is 2000: : /3.
 Subnet ID: Used by an organization to construct a local network (site), which is similar to the
function of the subnet ID in IPv4. There are a maximum of 64 bits for the subnet ID.
 Host ID: Identifies a device (host), which is similar to the host ID in IPv4.

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 32
 IPv6 Unicast Address — Link-Local Address
⚫ An IPv6 link-local address can be used for communication between nodes on the same
link and is widely used in neighbor discovery and stateless address configuration.
⚫ When IPv6 runs on a node, a link-local address is automatically assigned to each interface
of the node. This mechanism enables two IPv6 nodes on the same link to communicate
without any configuration
 A link-local address uses a prefix of FE80: : /10 and an interface ID as the last 64 bits.
 Each IPv6 interface must have a link-local address.

64 bits 64 bits

0 Interface ID

Manually specified or
1111 1110 10 generated in EUI-64 format
FE80: : /10

10 bits

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 33
 IPv6 Unicast Address — Unique Local Address
⚫ Unique local addresses are used only within a site. Site-local addresses, according to RFC 3879,
have been replaced by unique local addresses (RFC4193).
⚫ Unique local addresses are similar to IPv4 private addresses. Any organization that does not
obtain a global unicast address from a service provider can use a unique local address.
However, unique local addresses are routable only within a local network, not the Internet as a
whole.
 The fixed prefix of a unique local address is FC00: : /7. The prefix is divided into two parts.
The FC00: : /8 part is not defined, and the other part is FD00: : /8, with the format as follows:

7 bits 1 bit 40 bits 16 bits 64 bits

Prefix L Global ID Subnet ID Interface ID

1111 110
FC00: : /7

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 34
Generating the Interface ID Based on the MAC
Address According to the EUI-64 Specifications
MAC address
0012-3400-ABCD
(hexadecimal)

7th bit = 0, indicating that the MAC

address is a global management address.

MAC address (binary) 00000000-00010010 00110100 - 00000000 10101011-11001101

The 7th bit is negated. FFFE is inserted in

this position.

FFFE insertion 00000000-00010010 00110100-11111111 11111110-00000000 10101011-11001101

U/L bit setting 00000010-00010010 00110100-11111111 11111110-00000000 10101011-11001101

Interface ID based on the

0212: 34FF: FE00: ABCD
EUI-64 specifications

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 35
OSPF V2 / V3

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

l
 OSPF “Areas”

•Main Stream vendors recommends the an area should have no more than
50 routers and a router should not be in more than 3 areas.
 Principles Commands Troubleshooting Cases Suggestions

Basic OSPF Concepts – Topology and Router Type

IS-IS
ASBR

Area 3

Area 1

Internal Router
Backbone Router
Area 0

Area 2 Area 4
ABR

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 43

 Principles Commands Troubleshooting Cases Suggestions

Basic OSPF Concepts – Network Type

OSPF supports the following network types:
⚫ Broadcast: network type used with Ethernet or Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) link layer
protocols.
⚫ Point-to-point (P2P): network type used with PPP or HDLC link layer protocols.
⚫ Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA): network type used with frame relay (FR) or X.25 link layer
protocols.
⚫ Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP): network type that requires manual configuration.
On a broadcast network, the DR/BDR needs to be elected. The DR/BDR has the following
function:
⚫ Reduces the number of neighbor sessions and generates Network-LSAs.
R1 R2 R1 R2 R4

R3 DR R4 R3 DR

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 44

 OSPF Router ID
•An OSPF router ID uniquely identifies each OSPF router in the network.
The OSPF routing process chooses a router ID for itself when it starts up.

•Criteria:-
1. Set using the Router-ID command (recommended).
2. Highest loopback interface IP address.
3. Highest physical interface IP address.
Criteria
•Router-ID
•Highest Loopback Address
•Highest Physical Address
Criteria
•Router-ID
•Highest Loopback Address
•Highest Physical Address
Criteria
•Router-ID
•Highest Loopback Address
•Highest Physical Address
▪Neighbor
▪Adjacency
Instead of flooding R5 - LSA R5 - LSA
224.0.0.6 224.0.0.6
LSAs to all routers DR
in the network, BDR
DROthers only R1 R5 - LSA
send their LSAs to R2
224.0.0.5
the DR and BDR
using the multicast
address 224.0.0.6
R5
DRother R5 - LSA
R3 224.0.0.5
The DR is responsible for DRother
forwarding the LSAs from R1
to all other routers. The DR R4
R5 - LSA
DRother
uses the multicast address 224.0.0.5

224.0.0.5
 Terminology

• Link: Interface on a router

• Link state: Description of an interface and of its
relationship to its neighboring routers, including:
• IP address/mask of the interface,
• The type of network it is connected to
• The routers connected to that network
• The metric (cost) of that link
• The collection of all the link-states would form a link-
state database.
OSPFv2 Basic Concepts - LSA Types

LSA Type Function

Describes the link state and cost of a device. A router-LSA is generated by each
Router-LSA (Type 1)
device and advertised within the area to which the device belongs.
Describes the states of all links on a network segment. A network-LSA is
Network-LSA (Type 2) generated by a designated router (DR) and advertised within the area to which the
DR belongs.
Describes routes on a network segment. A network-summary-LSA is generated by
Network-summary-LSA (Type
an area border router (ABR) and advertised to non-totally stub areas or not-so-
3)
stubby areas (NSSAs).
Describes the route to an autonomous system boundary router (ASBR). An ASBR-
ASBR-summary-LSA (Type 4) summary-LSA is generated by an ABR and advertised to all related areas except
the area to which the ASBR belongs.
Describes the route to a destination outside an autonomous system (AS). An AS-
AS-external-LSA (Type 5) external-LSA is generated by an ASBR and advertised to all areas except stub
areas and NSSAs.
Describes the route to a destination outside an AS. An NSSA LSA is generated by
NSSA LSA (Type 7)
an ASBR and advertised only within NSSAs.
Provides a universal mechanism for OSPF extensions:
A Type 9 LSA, such as a grace LSA used in graceful restart (GR), is advertised only
Opaque LSA (Type 9/Type on the network segment where the interface advertising the LSA resides.
10/Type 11) A Type 10 LSA, such as an LSA used to support TE, is advertised within an area.
A Type 11 LSA is advertised within an AS. At present, there are no applications for
Type 11 LSAs.

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 67
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 68
 OSPFv2 Basic Concepts - Route Types

⚫ AS inter-area and intra-area routes describe routes within an AS. AS external

routes describe routes to destinations outside the AS.
⚫ OSPF classifies imported AS external routes as Type 1 or Type 2 external routes.
⚫ The following table describes OSPF routes in descending order of priority.

Route Type Description

Intra Area Indicates routes within an area.
Inter Area Indicates routes between areas.
Type 1 external routes have high reliability. The calculated cost of an external route
Type 1 external is close to the route cost in the AS and comparable to the OSPF route cost.
routes Cost of a Type 1 external route = Cost of the route from a device to an ASBR +
Cost of the route from the ASBR to the destination.
Type 2 external routes have low reliability. OSPF considers that the cost of a route
from an ASBR to the destination outside the AS is much greater than the cost of
Type 2 external
any internal route to the ASBR.
routes
Cost of a Type 2 external route = Cost of the route from an ASBR to the
destination outside of the AS.

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 69
Virtual Link

Area 1
Area 0 Area 2

RTA RTB

Virtual link configuration

make RTB connected
with the backbone area

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 70

Configuring Virtual Link

RTB RTC
Area 1
Loopback0 E0/1 E0/0 Loopback0
2.2.2.2/32 .1 10.1.2.0/24 .2 3.3.3.3/32

E0/0
.1 10.1.1.0/24 .2

E0/1
.1 10.1.3.0/24 .2
Area 0 Area 2

E0/0

E0/0
Loopback0 Loopback0
1.1.1.1/32 4.4.4.4/32
RTA RTD
[RTA]router id 1.1.1.1
[RTA]ospf
[RTA-ospf-1]area 0
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]return
<RTA>

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 71

Configuring Virtual Link

RTB RTC
Area 1
Loopback0 E0/1 E0/0 Loopback0
2.2.2.2/32 .1 10.1.2.0/24 .2 3.3.3.3/32

E0/0
.1 10.1.1.0/24 .2

E0/1
.1 10.1.3.0/24 .2
Area 0 Area 2

E0/0

E0/0
Loopback0 Loopback0
RTA RTD
1.1.1.1/32 4.4.4.4/32

[RTB]router id 2.2.2.2
[RTB]ospf
[RTB-ospf-1]area 0
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RTB-ospf-1]area 1
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]vlink-peer 3.3.3.3
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]return
<RTB>

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 72

Configuring Virtual Link

RTB RTC
Area 1
Loopback0 E0/1 E0/0 Loopback0
2.2.2.2/32 .1 10.1.2.0/24 .2 3.3.3.3/32

E0/0
.1 10.1.1.0/24 .2

E0/1
.1 10.1.3.0/24 .2
Area 0 Area 2

E0/0

E0/0
Loopback0 Loopback0
RTA RTD
1.1.1.1/32 4.4.4.4/32

[RTC]router id 3.3.3.3
[RTC]ospf
[RTC-ospf-1]area 1
[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]vlink-peer 2.2.2.2
[RTC-ospf-1]area 2
[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]return
<RTC>

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 73

Configuring Virtual Link

RTB RTC
Area 1
Loopback0 E0/1 E0/0 Loopback0
2.2.2.2/32 .1 10.1.2.0/24 .2 3.3.3.3/32

E0/0
.1 10.1.1.0/24 .2

E0/1
.1 10.1.3.0/24 .2
Area 0 Area 2

E0/0

E0/0
Loopback0 Loopback0
RTA RTD
1.1.1.1/32 4.4.4.4/32

[RTD]router id 4.4.4.4
[RTD]ospf
[RTD-ospf-1]area 2
[RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]return
<RTD>

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 74

 Configuring Virtual Link －Checking IP Routing Table

[RTD]display ip routing-table
Routing Table: public net
Destination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 4 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 3 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/0
4.4.4.4/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/0
10.1.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 10.1.3.1 Ethernet0/0
10.1.3.0/24 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.3.2 Ethernet0/0
10.1.3.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 75

 Configuring Virtual Link －Checking Virtual Link

[RTC]display ospf vlink

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3

Virtual Links

Virtual-link Neighbor-id -> 2.2.2.2, State: Full

Interface: 10.1.2.2 (Ethernet0/0)
Cost: 1 State: PtoP Type: Virtual
Transit Area: 0.0.0.1
Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 0, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 76