TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
"Conjunction used to Join two Words / Sentences"
A conjunction is a word or a group of words that connect two words,
phrases, clauses or any two sentences. Conjunction merely joins and does
not do any other work.
Unlike Relative Pronoun Conjunction refers to noun, Relative Adverbs modifies verbs and
Prepositions it governs a noun/pronoun which are also connecting words.
Some of the important conjunctions are- after, and, as, but, because, before, hence,
that, till, if, since, so, though, although, unless, until, when, while, whether, either,
neither, or, even, even if, even so, how, however, in case, in spite of, otherwise, what
etc.
Conjunction word used to:
Joins two words
Joins two sentences and
Makes them compact / short sentences.
Examples:
Join two Words
• Two and two (makes four.)
• Sita and Geeta (are friends.)
Join two Sentences
• Ramesh and Suresh are good friends.
Note : Ramesh is a good friend and Suresh is a good friend
• I like tea and coffee.
Note : I like tea. I like coffee.
Makes compact / short sentences
• The person is poor but an honest.
Note : The person is poor but (s)he is an honest
Types of Conjunctions
(1) Coordinating Conjunctions
(2) Subordinating Conjunctions
(3) Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunction / Linking verbs
To Express Conjunction / Linking Verbs
Addition And, As, Also, As well as, Both, Not Only, Too
Choice Or, Either…or, Neither…nor
Condition If, Even if, Unless, Until, As long as
Contrast While, On the other hand, But, However
Reason Because, As, Since, Therefore, So
Purpose To, In order to, For, So as to
Result So, Therefore, As a result, So..that
Example Like, Such as, For example
Time As, After, Before, Since, Till, Until, Since
////////////////////
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
"Join equally important two Words / phrases"
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two words or phrases that are
equally important and complete in terms of grammar when compared with
each other. i.e. the sentences or words do not depend on anything to give
themselves meaning.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions:
And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet.
To remember all seven, you might want to learn one of these acronyms: FANBOYS:
F A N B O Y S
For And Nor But Or Yet So
COORDINATING CONJUCTIONS AND THEIR USES
FOR
'For' is used to introduce the reason for the preceding clause:
Examples
I study English for going to Australia.
I go to Canada this summer to visit my sister, for I long to see her.
AND
'And' is used to connect words, phrases, and clauses.
Examples
Jack and Jill went up the hill.
Gold and Silver are precious metals.
Most children like chocolates and pizzas.
NOR
'Nor' is used for negative expressions:
Examples
Gita did not return that night, nor the night after.
He could not speak, nor could he understand anything we said.
BUT
'But' is a coordinate conjunction joining clauses of equal significance in the
sentence.
Examples
He reads magazines but he doesn't like to read books.
The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
OR
To introduce an alternative:
Examples
You pursue or you lag behind.
You must eat or starve.
You may take this pen or that one.
Note: There may be several alternatives each joined to the preceding one
by ‘or’, presenting a choice between any two in the series eg. He may
study medicine or law or engineering, computers or he may enter into
business.
To introduce an alternative name or synonym / antonym:
Examples
The violin or fiddle has become the leading instrument of the fusion
music.
You can come early or go late.
To mean otherwise:
Examples
We must be quick or we will miss the train.
You go home or come with us.
As nearly equivalent to:
Examples
They are not lacking in strength or spirit, but motivation.
Do you like tea or coffee?
YET
It is used for talking or asking about something that has not happened or is
not true at a particular time but will probably happen or be true in the future.
Examples
I'm amazed that you haven't told him anything yet.
She hasn't yet decided if she wants to come or not.
SO
'So' is used when you are emphasizing a fact by saying what the result of it is.
Examples
There weren't enough beds, so I had to sleep on the floor.
Waiter ignored his serving, so I got a spoon and ate it myself.
//////////////////////////////////////
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
"Make relationship between two clauses / sentences"
A Subordinating Conjunction comes at the beginning of a Subordinate or
Dependent Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent
clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something
that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions are:
As If As if If only As long as
Either Even Even if Even so Even though
How However In case In order that In spite of
Since Than Rather than Till Until
That Now that Though Although As though
So Because Before After Except
Only Once Otherwise Neither Unless
What Where When Whenever Whereas
While Without Wherever Whether
/////////////////////////
COR
REL
ATI
VE
CON
JUN
CTI
ONS
"Combined words to make relationship between two clauses / sentences"
Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called
correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various
sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.
Common Correlative Conjunctions are:
Both...and
Not only...but also
Not...but
Either...or
Neither...nor
Whether...or
as...as
USES OF Correlative Conjunctions
BOTH...AND
'Both...and' used for emphasizing that each of two things is true.
Examples
Both she and her sister now live in New Zealand.
Coffee plant that grows in both Kashmir and Simla.
NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO
'Not only...but also' used to show an additional and important element in
the sentence that is used to indicate excess when combined with the first
element.
Examples
The explosion destroyed not only the school but also the
neighboring hospital.
Not only does he play the lead guitar but he is also the band’s
songwriter.
NOT...BUT
'Not...but' used to show an additional and important element in the
sentence that is used to indicate excess when combined with the first
element.
Examples
It was not just a big Lion, but dangerous one as well.
Not alone did he win the race, but he also beat the record.
EITHER...OR
'Either...or' used for saying that one of two things has to happen or be
true.
Examples
Either you come with us, or you stay at home.
Either he forgot about the meeting or he stayed away.
NEITHER...NOR
'Neither...nor' used for negative expressions:
Examples
He is neither sane nor brilliant.
That is neither what I said nor what I meant.
WHETHER...OR
'Whether...or' used for saying that you cannot change a situation even if it
is unpleasant.
Examples
Whether you agree or not, this purse belongs to me.
Whether we like it or not, we are part of a global economy.
AS...AS
'As...as" used to comparing two things.
Examples
I'm almost as good in math as in science.
I think that I am not as confused about it as you are.
//////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////
LIST OF CONJUNCTIONS
What is a conjunction? In grammar, an English conjunction is a part of speech that connects two
words, phrases or clauses together. You can use a conjunction to link words, phrases, and
clauses.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of joining words that we frequently use to connect two ideas
together in a sentence.
Both … and
Whether … or
No sooner … than
The more … the more
So … that
Hardly … when
Such … that
As … as
Rather … than
Scarcely … when
Not only … but also
Either … or
So … as
Neither … nor
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
After
Although
As
As if
As long as
As much as
As soon as
As though
Because
Before
Even
Even if
Even though
If
If only
If then
If when
In order that
Inasmuch
Just as
Lest
Now
Now since
Now that
Now when
Once
Provided
Provided that
Rather that
Since
So that
Supposing
Than
That
Though
Till
Unless
Until
When
Whenever
Where
Where if
Whereas
Wherever
Whether
Which
While
Who
Whoever
Why
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
We have 7 coordinating conjunctions in English grammr: “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,”
“yet” or “so” to join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.
LIST OF CONJUNCTIONS
Learn the list of conjunctions in English.
A minute later
Accordingly
Actually
After
After a short time
Afterward
Also
And
Another
As an example
As a consequence
As a result
As soon as
At last
At length
Because
Because of this
Before
Besides
Briefly
But
Consequently
Conversely
Equally
Finally
First
For example
For instance
For this purpose
For this reason
Fourth
From here on
Further
Furthermore
Gradually
Hence
However
In addition
In conclusion
In contrast
In fact
In short
In spite of
In spite of this
In summary
In the end
In the meanwhile
In the meantime
In the same manner
In the same way
Just as important
Least
Last
Last of all
Lastly
Later
Meanwhile
Moreover
Nevertheless
Next
Nonetheless
Now
Nor
Of equal importance
On the contrary
On the following day
On the other hand
Other hands
Or
Presently
Second
Similarly
Since
So
Soon
Still
Subsequently
Such as
The next week
Then
Thereafter
Therefore
Third
Thus
To be specific
To begin with
To illustrate
To repeat
To sum up
Too
Ultimately
What
Whatever
Whoever
Whereas
Whomever
When
While
With this in mind
Yet
LIST OF CONJUNCTIONS WITH EXAMPLES
A minute later, Harrick was showing off his golf swing.
He’s not at all exciting, in fact he’s really rather commonplace.
The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.
Cocaine production requires large amounts of water, hence factories are nearly always
built by streams.
She complained of stiffness in her joints. Accordingly, she was admitted to hospital for
further tests.
Actually, I wanted to say on that day, shall we never get apart, OK?
After a short time, you will feel more in control during the execution of free weight
exercises.
As an example, Graff raises the relation of a feminist literary canon to more familiar
ones.
As a consequence, this junction in the rocks represents a huge gap in the record.
As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently / Hence he knows very little about it.
He is called Mitch, because his name is Mitchell.
Besides a father she has a younger brother to support.
As soon as you have drunk, you turn your back upon the spring.
Consequently, this view is frequently referred to as mathematical Platonism.
Car prices can vary a lot. For example, in Belgium the VW Golf costs $1000 less than in
Britain.
There are a number of improvements; for instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
I don’t want to go there, furthermore, I have no time to do so.
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
I don’t like skating, moreover, the ice is too thin.
I am not only witty in myself, but the cause that wit is in other men
There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to
return.
On the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.
You think you are clever; on the contrary, I assure that you are very foolish.
We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
You will have it if it belongs to you, whereas you don’t kvetch for it if it doesn’t appear
in your life.
The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.
A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he has not regretted it.
Conjunction List | Infographic
