1
Reading Part A
Reading: Part A - Answer Booklet
Part A Summary Gap Fill Time Limit: 15 minutes
Instructions
• Complete the following summary using the information in the texts
for this task.
• Skim and scan the texts to find the information required.
• Gaps may require 1, 2 or 3 words.
• Write your answers in the appropriate space in the column on the
right hand side.
• Make sure your spelling is correct.
Summary Answers
1.
2.
According to the World Health Organisation
(WHO), malnutrition, pneumonia, ....(1).... , measles
3.
and malaria cause ....(2).... percent of childhood
deaths in developing countries. In addition, over 10 4.
million children are ....(3).... to die each year.
Through the ....(4).... of currently available medical 5.
technology, many of these deaths could be ....(5).... .
6.
However, medical intervention....(6).... eliminate the
7.
underlying cause of poor health which is poor living
conditions. ....(7).... 20% of the world’s children are 8.
drinking from water sources which are not ....(8).... .
Over 500 million children ....(9).... toilet facilities 9.
while ....(10).... of the world’s children live in unclean
10.
and crowded housing conditions with more than
....(11).... in a single room.
11.
These conditions of extreme poverty must be 12.
....(12).... if global child survival rates are to be
....(13).... over the ....(14).... . 13.
14.
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2
Reading Part A
Part A Answer Sheet continued
Summary Answers
In recent years, the importance of the link between 15.
child rights and child survival has been put forward
16.
by the United Nations. Their charter states that every
child has the ....(15).... to access facilities necessary
17.
for treating illness and rehabilitating ....(16).... .
18.
The key elements of this charter include making sure
parents and children have access to ....(17).... and 19.
....(18).... in the area of child health and nutrition, the
20.
benefits of breastfeeding, ....(19).... and sanitation and
accident prevention. The availability of sufficient
21.
....(20).... and ....(21).... drinking water can also help
fight against disease and ....(22).... . 22.
While adhering to the UN charter will help to 23.
improve child survival rates, there are important
24.
intervention strategies which should be ....(23).... .
This includes insecticide-treated nets to help ....(24)....
25.
malaria , providing access to ....(25).... for mothers
and children and promoting ....(26).... . Children 26.
exposed to or infected with HIV also need be
managed and ....(27)..... . 27.
28.
In 1997, the cost of providing fundamental health
and nutrition for the global population was estimated 29.
to be ....(28).....each year over ten years. Surely this is
affordable when one considers US citizens spent $30 30.
billion on ....(29).....and Europeans outlayed $12
billion on ....(30).....food. TOTAL SCORE
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3
Reading Part A
Texts
Source: Public Library of Open Science
Authors: Simon Pemberton David Gordon, Shailen Nandy, Christina Pantazis, Peter Townsend
Text 1
The Consequences of Child Poverty
Current estimates indicate that over 10 million children in developing countries die
each year, mainly from preventable causes. In approximately half of these deaths,
malnutrition is a contributory cause. However, the World Health Organization has
argued that seven out of ten childhood deaths in such countries can be attributed to
just five main causes. In addition to malnutrition, these causes are pneumonia,
diarrhoea, measles, and malaria. Around the world, three of every four children seen
by health services are suffering from at least one of these conditions. Many of these
deaths could be prevented using readily available medical technologies at
comparatively little cost. In 1997, the United Nations Development Programme
estimated that the cost of providing basic health and nutrition for every person on the
planet was $13 billion per year for ten years. To place this sum in perspective, in
2002, United States citizens spent $30 billion on pizza and Europeans spent $12
billion on dog and cat food.
Text 2
Priority child survival interventions
• Newborn care, taking into consideration the life cycle approach and
continuum of care
• Infant and young child feeding, including micronutrient supplementation and
deworming
• Provision of maternal and childhood immunization and promotion of new
vaccines
• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
• Prevention of malaria using insecticide-treated nets
• Management of common childhood illnesses
• Management and care of HIV-exposed or infected children
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4
Reading Part A
Text 3
UN Charter on the Rights of the Child
Article 24 of the UNCRC states that:
Member countries recognize the right of the child to the
enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to
facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health.
Member countries shall strive to ensure that no child is deprived
of his or her right to use such health care services.
In addition, governments of member countries shall pursue full implementation of this
right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures to:
• diminish infant and child mortality
• ensure provision of medical assistance and health care to all children with
emphasis on the development of primary health care
• combat disease and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary
health care through the application of readily available technology and
through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water,
taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution
• ensure appropriate pre-natal and post-natal health care for mothers
• ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are
informed, have access to education and knowledge regarding child health
and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, hygiene and environmental
sanitation and the prevention of accidents
• develop preventive health care, guidance for parents and family planning
education and services.
If these rights were to be fulfilled, child survival rates would rapidly improve.
Text 4
Underlying causes of Poor Health
While medical interventions can, in principle, prevent most young children from
dying early, they cannot remove the underlying cause of poor health, which is poor
living conditions suffered by 30% of the world’s children. For example, almost a third
of the world’s children live in squalid housing conditions, with more than five people
per room or with mud flooring. Toilet facilities do not exist for over half a billion
children and over 400 million children (19%) are drinking from unsafe water sources
(e.g., rivers, lakes, ponds) or have to walk so far to fetch water that they cannot carry
enough to meet minimum health requirements. The World Health Organization has
argued that: “The world’s biggest killer and the greatest cause of ill health and
suffering across the globe is listed almost at the end of the International Classification
of Diseases. It is given code Z59.5— extreme poverty” . Eliminating extreme poverty
is the key to improving global child survival rates, particularly over the long term.
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5
Reading Part A
Improving
Child
Survival
Rates:
Answer
key
and
explanation
Answer
Details
1. diarrhoea
Type
1
2. 70%
Type
3:
7
out
of
10=70%
3. estimated
Type
2:
change
word
form:
estimates
(noun)
→
estimated
(passive
verb)
4. use
Type
2:
change
word
form:
using
(gerund)
→
use
(noun)
5. prevented
Type
1
6. cannot
Type
1
7. Almost
Type
4:
add
word
to
make
meaning
match:
19%
=
almost
20%
8. safe
Type
4:
opposite
9. do
not
have/have
no/
are
without
or
words
of
similar
Type
4:
add
words
to
make
meaning
the
same
meaning
10. almost
a
third
Type
1
11. 5/five
people
Type
1
12. eliminated
Type
2:
change
word
form:
Eliminating
(gerund)
→
eliminated
(passive
verb)
13. improved
Type
2:
change
word
form:
improving
(gerund)
→
improved
(passive
verb)
14. long
term
Type
1
15. right
Type
1
16. health
Type
1
17. education
Type
1
18. knowledge
Type
1
19. hygiene
Type
1
20. nutritious
foods
Type
1
21. clean
Type
1
22. malnutrition
Type
1
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6
Reading Part A
23. prioritised/
a
Type
2:
change
word
form:
priority
(noun)
→
priority
prioritised
(passive
verb)
Type
2:
change
word
form:
prevention
(noun)
→
24. prevent
prevent
(verb)
25. immunisation
Type
1
26. new
vaccines
Type
1
27. cared
for/looked
Type
2:
change
word
form:
care
(noun)
→
care
for
after
(phrasal
verb)
28. $13
billion
Type
1
29. pizza
Type
1
30. dog
and
cat
Type
1
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7
Reading Part A
Improving
Child
Survival
rates:
Answers
highlighted
in
text
Text 1
The Consequences of Child Poverty
Current (3)estimates indicate that over 10 million children in developing countries die each year, mainly from preventable
causes. In approximately half of these deaths, malnutrition is a contributory cause. However, the World Health Organization has
argued that (2)seven out of ten childhood deaths in such countries can be attributed to just five main causes. In addition to
malnutrition, these causes are pneumonia, (1)diarrhoea, measles, and malaria. Around the world, three of every four children
seen by health services are suffering from at least one of these conditions. Many of these deaths could be (5)prevented (4) using
readily available medical technologies at comparatively little cost. In 1997, the United Nations Development Programme
estimated that the cost of providing basic health and nutrition for every person on the planet was (28)$13 billion per year for ten
years. To place this sum in perspective, in 2002, United States citizens spent $30 billion on (29)pizza and Europeans spent $12
billion on (30)dog and cat food.
Text 2
(23)Priority child survival interventions
• Newborn care, taking into consideration the life cycle approach and continuum of care
• Infant and young child feeding, including micronutrient supplementation and deworming
• Provision of maternal and childhood (25)immunization and promotion of (26)new vaccines
• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
• (24) Prevention of malaria using insecticide-treated nets
• Management of common childhood illnesses
• Management and (27) care of HIV-exposed or infected children
Text 3
UN Charter on the Rights of the Child
Article 24 of the UNCRC states that:
Member countries recognize the (15) right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of (16) health.
Member countries shall strive to ensure that no child is deprived of his or her right to use such
health care services.
In addition, governments of member countries shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take
appropriate measures to:
• diminish infant and child mortality
• ensure provision of medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on the development of
primary health care
• combat disease and (22)malnutrition, including within the framework of primary health care through the
application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate (20) nutritious foods and
(21)clean drinking-water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution
• ensure appropriate pre-natal and post-natal health care for mothers
• ensure that all segments of society, in particular parents and children, are informed, have access to (17)education
and (18)knowledge regarding child health and nutrition, the advantages of breastfeeding, (19)hygiene and
environmental sanitation and the prevention of accidents
• develop preventive health care, guidance for parents and family planning education and services.
If these rights were to be fulfilled, child survival rates would rapidly improve.
Text 4
Underlying causes of Poor Health
While medical interventions can, in principle, prevent most young children from dying early, they (6) cannot remove the
underlying cause of poor health, which is poor living conditions suffered by 30% of the world’s children. For example,
(10)almost a third of the world’s children live in squalid housing conditions, with more than (11)five people per room or with
mud flooring. (9)Toilet facilities do not exist for over half a billion children (27%) and over 400 million children (7) (19%) are
drinking from (8)unsafe water sources (e.g., rivers, lakes, ponds) or have to walk so far to fetch water that they cannot carry
enough to meet minimum health requirements. The World Health Organization has argued that: “The world’s biggest killer and
the greatest cause of ill health and suffering across the globe is listed almost at the end of the International Classification of
Diseases. It is given code Z59.5— extreme poverty” . (12)Eliminating extreme poverty is the key to (13)improving global child
survival rates, particularly over the (14) long term.
This resource was developed by OET Online and is subject to copyright ©
Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: steve@oetonline.com.au
