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Transformat Clas 9

The document discusses rules for transforming sentences in English grammar from one type or structure to another without changing the overall meaning. It covers transforming sentences from simple to compound to complex and vice versa based on different conjunctions or structures used. Some of the key transformations discussed are: 1. Changing simple sentences to compound by replacing gerund phrases with 'and' or replacing 'too...to' structures with 'very' and 'and'. 2. Changing compound sentences to complex by replacing 'and' with subordinating conjunctions like 'since', 'although', or 'if'. 3. Changing complex sentences to simple by removing subordinating conjunctions and replacing clauses with gerund or infinitive phrases.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
114 views9 pages

Transformat Clas 9

The document discusses rules for transforming sentences in English grammar from one type or structure to another without changing the overall meaning. It covers transforming sentences from simple to compound to complex and vice versa based on different conjunctions or structures used. Some of the key transformations discussed are: 1. Changing simple sentences to compound by replacing gerund phrases with 'and' or replacing 'too...to' structures with 'very' and 'and'. 2. Changing compound sentences to complex by replacing 'and' with subordinating conjunctions like 'since', 'although', or 'if'. 3. Changing complex sentences to simple by removing subordinating conjunctions and replacing clauses with gerund or infinitive phrases.
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Transformation of Sentence এর নিয়ম (Sentence Changing)

By Sadhan Das for JSC ,SSC .. B.A (hons), M.A in English


Assistant Eng Teacher
Ghorashal Pilot High School
Narsingdi, Dhaka
আজকে আমরা শিখবো English grammar এর সবথেকে বড় টপিক
Transformation of Sentence.
Transformation is changing the form of a sentence without changing its
meaning.:
1. Sentence অর্থ অনুসারে ৫ প্রকার ।
2.Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার ।
3.Voice Change ২ প্রকার ।
4.Degree ৩ প্রকার ।
2. Sentence গঠন অনুসারে ৩ প্রাকার।
Simple-Compund- Complex
Rule 1:
Simple=Verb+ing
Compund=and
Complex=when/as/since

Example:
Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.
Compund:The boy worked hard and he made a good result.
Complex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.

Rule 2:
Simple=In spite of possessive+v+ing
Compund=But
Complex=Though/Although

Example:
Simple: In spite of his trying hard and soul he could not succeed in life.
Compund: He tried hard and soul but he could not succeed in life.
Complex: Though he tried hard and soul, he could not succeed in life.

Rule 3: Simple=By+ing
Compund=Imperative sentence+and
Complex=If Clause positive

Example:
Simple: By working hard, you will success in life.
Compund:Work hard and you will success in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will success in life.

Rule 4:
Simple=Without+ing
Imperative sentence+or
Complex=If Clause negative

Example:
Simple: Without working hard, you will not success in life.
Compund:Work hard or you will not success in life.
Complex:Unless you work hard, you will not success in life.

Rule 5:
Simple=Principal clause +Too-to+verb
Compund=very/much...and
Complex=So...That

Example
Simple: The boy is too foolish to understand it.
Compund:The boy is very foolish that he cannot understand it.
Complex: The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.

Rule 6:
Simple=Principal clause +to+verb
Compund=and
Complex=So that/In order that
Example:
Simple: He works hard to prosper in life.
Compund:He works hard and he may prosper in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may prosper in life.

Rule 7:
Simple=Principal clause +adjective+Noun
Compund=and
Complex=Relative Pronoun(Who,Which,That)

Example:
Simple: I know the poor man
Compund:I know the man and he is poor
Complex: I know the man who is poor.
Compound to Complex:
Rule-1.
And যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর একটি Clause যদি অপরটির কারন বা সময়
নির্দে শ করে, তবে উক্ত Compound Sentence টিকে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Since/as/when + 1st sentence + and পরিবর্তে (,) + 2nd sentence.
Compound: He came to me and I felt tired.
Complex: When he came to me, I felt tired.

Rule-2.
But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though + 1st sentence + but এর পরিবর্তে (,) + বাকি
sentence.
Compound: The boy tried hard but could not win the match.
Complex: Though the boy tried hard hard, he could not win the match.

Rule-3.
Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If + Sub + do not + 1st Clause + or এর পরিবর্তে (,) + sub + will
+ or এর পরবর্তী অংশ।
Compound: Do or die.
Complex: If you do not do, you will die.

Rule-4.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত cause and effect নির্দে শক compound sentence কে so…. that
দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয়।
Compound: Farhan works very hard and he can shine in life.
Complex: Farhan works so hard that he can shine in life.

Rule-5.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশমুলক compound sentence কে so that দ্বারা complex
sentence করা হয় ।
Compound: We take balance diet and we can keep good health.
Complex: We take balance diet so that we can keep good health.

Simple to Compound:
Rule-1.
Present Participle যুক্ত Simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে -
Structure: 1st sub + main verb + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) এর স্থলে and + sub এর
পরের অংশ।
Simple: Finishing the work, we went to the playground.
Compound: We finished the work and went to the playground.

Rule-2.
Being যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেত্রে
Structure: Sub + Being এর বাকি অংশ যে tense এর থাকে সেই tense ও
person অনুযায়ী to be verb বসে + being এর পরের অংশ + কমা উঠে and + sub
বাদে এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Being father, he can not neglect his son.
Compound: He is father and can not neglect his son.

Rule-3.
Having যুক্ত বা perfect participle যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound
sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + Tense অনুযায়ী verb ‘to have’ + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and +
sub এর পরের অংশ ।
Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.
Compound: I had written the letter and it.

Rule-4.
In spite of/Despite যুক্ত simple sentence কে but দ্বারা compound করতে হয়।
Simple: In spite of his dishonesty, he was rewarded.
Compound: He was dishonest but rewarded.

Rule-5.
Without + Gerund যুক্ত Simple Sentence যদি শর্ত বুঝাই, তবে ‘or’ যুক্ত করে
compound করতে হয়।
Structure: Without উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমা এর
স্থলে or + কমা এর পরের অংশ।
Simple: Without going, you will die.
Compound: Go or you will die.

Rule-6.
By Gerund যুক্ত simple sentence কে and যোগ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: By উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমার পূর্ব
পর্যন্ত + কমা স্থলে and + কমার পরের অংশ।
Simple: By wasting your time, you can spoil your life.
Compound: Waste your time and you can spoil your life.

Rule-7.
Too….to যুক্ত Simple Sentence Compound করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + ‘to be’ verb + too এর পরিবর্তে very + Adjective + and +
can not/could not + to বাদে পরের অংশ।
Simple: He is too dull to understand it.
Compound: He is very dull and can not understand it.

Complex to Compound:
Rule-1.
Since, as, when ইত্যাদি conjunction যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound
sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার সময় since/as/when তু লে দিতে হয় এবং এর পর
complex sentence কমা তু লে দিয়া সেখানে and বসালেই compound sentence
হয়ে যায়।
Complex: When i went there, I found him.
Compound: I went there and found him.

Rule-2.
Though/although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound sentence পরিবর্ত ন
করতে হলে though/ although তু লে দিতে হয় এবং এর পরে কমা তু লে দিয়ে সেখানে
but বসাতে হয়।
Complex: Although it rained heavily, he went out without an umbrella.
Compound: It rained heavily but he went out without an umbrella.

Rule-3.
Complex sentence যদি If দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং if যুক্ত Clause এ যদি not থাকে,
তবে compound sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করতে হলে if থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ তু লে
দিতে হবে এবং এর পর কমা তু লে দিয়া সেই স্থানে ‘or’ বসালেই compound
sentence হবে।
Complex: If you do not read, you will fail.
Compound: Read or you will fail.

Complex to Simple:
Rule-1.
Since/when/as যুক্ত complex sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject এর হলে
এবং দুটি Clause এ principal verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম করতে হবে।
Structure: Since/when/as এর প্রথম subject তু লে দিয়ে main verb ing form
করতে হবে + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ।
Complex: When i went there, I found him absent.
Simple: Going there, I found him absent.

Rule-2.
Since/as যুক্ত complex sentence যদি কারন বুঝাই, তাহলে Because of, Due to,
Owing to, On account of ইত্যাদি দিয়ে করতে হয়।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of + verb + ing
অথবা fog/rough weather/cold + Extension.
Complex: Since there was fog, he could not go out.
Simple: Due to fog, he could not go out.

Rule-3.
If যুক্ত শর্ত মূলক Negative complex sentence কে simple sentence করার
নিয়মঃ
Structure: If থেকে not পর্যন্ত তু লে দিয়ে without বসাতে হবে + verb + ing + কমা
সহ বাকি অংশ ।
Complex: If you do not come, you will not get the pen.
Simple: Without coming, you will not get the pen.

Rule-4.
If যুক্ত Negative Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে
নিম্নরুপ হবে।
Structure: If এর স্থলে without + subject এর possessive form বসে +
Auxiliary verb ও not উঠে যায় + main verb + ing + Extension.
Complex: If he does not stay at office, I shall not meet him.
Simple: Without his staying at office, I shall not meet him.

Rule-5.
‘So that’ যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: So that থেকে principal verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থলে to বসে
+ বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: People work hard so that they may shine in life.
Simple: People work hard to shine in life.

Rule-6. ‘So …. that’ যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ


পরিবর্ত ন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + verb + so এর স্থলে too + adjective/adverb + that থেকে not
পর্যন্ত উঠে যায় + to + Extension.
Complex: They are so nice that they can not be used just at present.
Simple: They are too nice to be used just at present.

Rule-7.Though/Although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence


করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though-এর স্থলে In spite of/ Despite বসে + Subject
এর possessive form + being/having + extension.
Complex: Though he was dishonest, he was set free.
Simple: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.

Rule-8.
Complex Sentence এ Relative pronoun টি যদি subject কে নির্দে শ করে
সেক্ষেত্রে simple sentence-এ পরিবর্ত নের সময় উক্ত relative pronoun এবং
তৎপরবর্তী verb উঠে যায়।এবং relative pronoun এর পরের adjective-টি
subject এর পূর্বে বসে ।
Complex: The man who is drowning catches at a straw.
Simple: A drowning man catches at a straw.

Compound to Simple:
Rule-1.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত compound sentence-এর and এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি এক
হয়, তবে একে simple sentence এ পরিবর্ত নের নিয়মঃ
Compound: He finished the work and return home.
Simple: Finishing the work, he returned home.

Rule-2.
And যুক্ত compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং
প্রথম অংশের sentence টি যদি কারন নির্দে শ করে, সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মে simple
করতে হবে।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ on account of + 1st sentence
এর subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing/ being/having + but এর
পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + sub + verb + extension.
Compound: I was ill and I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Because of my being ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Rule-3.
But যুক্ত compound sentence এ যদি but এর পরে subject ও verb না থাকে
তবে, simple sentence পরিবর্ত ন করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মঃ
Structure: In spite of / Despite + Subject এর possessive form + main
verb + ing + being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + subject + verb +
extension.
Compound: He is poor but honest.
Simple: In spite of his being, he is poor.

Rule-4.
‘Or’ যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Without + 1st main verb + ing + verb এর পরের অংশ + কমা +
বাকি অংশ।
Compound: Move or will die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die
Rule-5.
Not only …. but also যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Besides + not only যুক্ত ব্যকের মূল verb এর সাথে ing + not only
উঠে যাবে + but also এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) + মূল subject + but also অংশে verb না
থাকলে প্রথম অংশের verb + but এর পরের অংশ।
Compound: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
Simple: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.

Rule-6.
And দ্বারা যুক্ত সময় নির্দে শক Compound sentence -কে In, On, At ইত্যাদি time
word দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: It was raining and Siam came to me.
Simple: At the time of raining Siam came to me.

Rule-7.
‘And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশ্যমুলক compound sentence কে Infinitive দ্বারা simple
sentence করা হয়।
Compound: He reads attentively and she can do good result.
Simple: He reads attentively to do good result.

… By sadhan Sir

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