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Networking & Programming Basics

Networks allow devices to be interconnected and share data. They connect computers, printers, routers and servers. Networks have two main parts - the core which enables networking through devices like routers and switches, and hosts which send and receive data like PCs and servers. There are two main types of networks. Circuit switching uses dedicated connections and is expensive, while packet switching slices data into packets that travel independently through shared channels, making it inexpensive and efficient. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and tree arrangements of connected devices.

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24 views2 pages

Networking & Programming Basics

Networks allow devices to be interconnected and share data. They connect computers, printers, routers and servers. Networks have two main parts - the core which enables networking through devices like routers and switches, and hosts which send and receive data like PCs and servers. There are two main types of networks. Circuit switching uses dedicated connections and is expensive, while packet switching slices data into packets that travel independently through shared channels, making it inexpensive and efficient. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and tree arrangements of connected devices.

Uploaded by

Eman Fatima
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Networking Lecture 1

Why network?
In today’s world we are mostly doing teamwork on different projects, as teams are working on the
same project so there devices must be interconnected & data be shared too. That’s why we create a
network between them.

Why programming?

Design & design verification is actually done through coding.


Logs are huge data files which we create for verification, in GB size. So how we will extract desired
information. As human cannot do this manually so a program is needed. We have to design that
algorithms for that program. Python is used for this purpose. It is user friendly.
How to call function? How to declare variables within class? What is class & inherited class? TBD
Tool & google helps us a lot for syntax so our focus is for innovation (algorithm design) instead of
memorizing commands now.

Global variable can be declared in any class & it can be accessed anywhere. Its memory is the part
of the objects memory.
Static variable corresponds to only one memory.

Computer network is simply interconnected devices (computer, printers, routers and server). Its
purpose is data sharing.

2 parts of network
Core are those devices which make networking possible, provides path for data sharing. Routers,
Switches, Gateways

Host are those devices which actually send or receive data. PC, Servers, Laptops, Printers

Two types of network with respect to data communication

Circuit switching direct/dedicated connection is necessary. Channel allot during phone calls. It’s
expensive because we have to pay for that time also for which we aren’t using the channels. PSTN
(Public switching telephone network) its example.

Packet switching no dedicated connection, everyone is using the same channel. It slice the data
into small packets, now we have multiple channels & these small packets are to be send
independently using different best available channels. At destination all these sliced packets are
collected & it is again retrieve to actual data. This process is slow. But fiber optics removed this flaw
as packets travels with the speed of light.
This way it is extremely inexpensive, efficient way of communication e.g. internet, VOIP calls

Network topology (physical arrangement of network)


Ring: Connect first & last nodes of bus topology
Bus: All nodes are connected with the same wire (Cable connection, Bus stop) Coaxial cable is used
for this purpose
Star: All devices are directly connected with a central device (core device), twisted cable is used for
this purpose
Tree: Main device is connected with multiple devices & multiple devices are connected with further
devices
Hybrid: Different topologies are connected together

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