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Lab Report Transistor

This lab report summarizes experiments performed to analyze the characteristics of a transistor. The experiments measured the effect on base current by changing the voltage of the base to emitter and base to collector. Key findings include: 1) Changing the base to emitter voltage did not significantly change the base current, but only a minor change in the base to collector voltage led to a great change in base current. 2) Graphs were plotted of the input and output transistor characteristics. 3) The transistor characteristics describe how input and output currents and voltages change with variations in input and output voltages and currents.

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Fatima Azam Chattha
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404 views6 pages

Lab Report Transistor

This lab report summarizes experiments performed to analyze the characteristics of a transistor. The experiments measured the effect on base current by changing the voltage of the base to emitter and base to collector. Key findings include: 1) Changing the base to emitter voltage did not significantly change the base current, but only a minor change in the base to collector voltage led to a great change in base current. 2) Graphs were plotted of the input and output transistor characteristics. 3) The transistor characteristics describe how input and output currents and voltages change with variations in input and output voltages and currents.

Uploaded by

Fatima Azam Chattha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB REPORT

Submitted to:

Miss Anam Naz

Submitted by:

Fatima Azam

17441510-078

Program:

BS Physics 5th

Section:

Course:

Lab V

Course code:

PHYS-308

Submission Date:

21 October 2019

University of Gujrat
Title: Characteristics of transistor
Abstract:

A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts


as a switch or gate for electronic signals. Transistors consist of three layers of a
semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current.  A rheostat is a
variable resistor which is used to control the current flowing in a circuit.
A voltmeter, also known as a voltage meter, is an instrument used for measuring
the potential difference, or voltage, between two points in an electrical or
electronic circuit. Some voltmeters are intended for use in direct current (DC)
circuits; others are designed for alternating current (AC) circuits.

Aim:

What is effect on base current by changing voltage of base to emitter and of base
to collector.

Introduction:

Transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or


gate for electronic signals. A transistor consists of three layers of a semiconductor
material, each capable of carrying a current. A semiconductor is a material such as
germanium and silicon that conducts electricity in a "semi-enthusiastic" way. It is a
semiconductor device that can both conduct and insulate.

A transistor can act as a switch and an amplifier. It converts audio waves into
electronic waves and resistor, controlling electronic current. Transistors have very
long life, smaller in size, can operate on lower voltage supplies for greater safety
and required no filament current. The first transistor was fabricated with
germanium. A transistor performs the same function as a vacuum tube triode, but
using semiconductor junctions instead of heated electrodes in a vacuum chamber.

It is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices and found


everywhere in modern electronic systems.

A transistor is a three terminal device. Namely,

 Base: This is responsible for activating the transistor.

 Collector: This is the positive lead.

 Emitter: This is the negative lead.

Bipolar Junction Transistor:


A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) has three
terminals connected to three doped semiconductor regions. It comes with two
types, P-N-P and N-P-N.

P-N-P transistor, consisting of a layer of N-doped semiconductor between two


layers of P-doped material. The base current entering in the collector is amplified
at its output.

Diagram
Apparatus :

 Rheostat
 Transistor
 Voltmeter
 Micrometer
 Power supply
 Connecting wires

Procedure :

 Set the apparatus and make neat connections.


 After setting connections change the voltage by changing value from
rheostat and keep current fix in out put characteristic.
 And in input characteristic we will fix the value of voltage.
 By fixing one side find the variation in current in other side
 Same will be for the other side by fixing base current .
 By variation in voltage we can find the corresponding current.
 Once we get the values plot the graph.

Result and discussion:

Transistor Characteristics. These describe the changes in input current with the


variation in the values of input voltage keeping the output voltage constant.
Output Characteristics: This is a plot of output current versus output voltage with
constant input current. By changing VBE there is no change in IB but a minor
change in VCE there will be a great change in IB .

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