SPME - II
ASSIGNMENT – 2
TOPIC : Washing and Drying
Submitted to : Submitted by :
Gangadhar Malik Prince Kumar Yadav
Asst. Professor BFT/18/1132
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
What is Garment Washing ?
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion
of the garments is called garment washing.
Objects of Garment Washing
1. To create wash look appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.
2. By the washing technique, faded/old, colour or tinted affect .
3. To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.
4. To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and
market development.
5. Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further
shrinkage of the wash garments.
Types Of Washing
Hand Wash : A process by which unwanted particles removed from the product
manually with use of water, detergent and soap .
Machine Wash : A process by which unwanted particles are removed from the
products with use water, detergent and soap and with mechanical action of machines.
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
What is Washing Machine ?
Washing machine is the machine used to wash the various types of clothes without applying
any physical efforts. With washing machine you don't have to rub the clothes with hand or
squeeze them to remove the water from them. The washing machine is also called as clothes
washer or simply the washer.
Type of Garment Washing Machine:
1. Front Loading Washing Machine
2. Side Loading Washing Machine
3. Top loading washing machine.
4. Stone washing Machine.
Front Loading Washing Machine:
Front loading washing machines, otherwise known as horizontal axis washing machines. The
front loading washing machine uses technology similar to a traditional front loading dryer
since the clothes are placed in a stainless steel drum, loaded from the front, and spun.
These washers work by filling the bottom of the tub with water and rotating the clothes
through the water, instead of wringing the clothes through a central agitator. Because these
washers are so different from traditional top load washers, instructions for use also differ
greatly.
Features of Front Loading Washing Machine:
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Available with complete stainless steel inner & outer drum Front door.
Long lasting rust free operation.
Auto timed, auto reverse, auto temperature control.
Auto Water Level Control
Electrically operated water & steam valves.
Separate motors for wash & extract.
Side Loading Washing Machine:
Side Loading Washing Machines that are known for its great washing and cleaning features.
It is robustly constructed with the usage of high grade raw materials. It is widely used in dry-
cleaning companies, and many others.
Features of side loading washing machine :
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Electrically & mechanically interlocked, Unloading doors
Electrical Control : Well protected for performance auto timed, auto reverse & auto
digital temperature control
Protective device against single phasing, reverse phasing and motor overload.
Gauge glass cork pair for water level indication.
Front display of controls through pilot lamps, push buttons, water level indication etc.
Electric, Steam or thermal fluid heated
Top loading washing machine:
In this washing machine the clothes are loaded from the top of the washing machine.
There is a cover at the top that helps loading and unloading of clothes in the round vessel that
perform the function of the washer as well as the rinser and drier in the fully automatic
washing machine.
Features of top loading washing machines
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Less expensive The most compelling benefit of top loading machines is their low
price point.
Ergonomically Friendly Front load units are almost always stacked vertically,
with the washer on bottom and dryer on top. If you have a bad back, bending over to
transfer laundry from the bottom up can be physically painful. Top load washers
allow you to load laundry at waist height, saving from repetitive joint stress every
time you load the machine.
Stone Wash:
In order to accelerate the garment wash effect and to give garments an even more unique
appearance and softer hand, abrasive stones were introduced to the wash bath. The stones not
only abrade the fabric but also gradually abrade the inside of the rotary drum. A machine
used for stonewashing should not be used to dye delicate articles or when abrasion would be
detrimental to the fabric.
Procedure of stone washing :
Load stones into machine.
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Load garments into machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight stones:1 part weight
garments).
Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent. Liquor ratio approximately 5-8:1.
Rinse.
Refill and tumble with stones 30 to 90 minutes, depending upon desired effect. Liquor
ratio 5-8:1 at 50-70◦C. Scouring additives can also be used.
Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be transferred to another
machine).
Apply softener (garments can be transferred to another machine for softening).
Extract and unload.
De-stone and tumble dry.
Object of Stone washing :
To create or produce irregular fading or old looking affect on garments.
To remove dust, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
For soft felling to wear the garments i.e; to improve softness.
To achieve the buyer washing standard.
DRYING :
It is the process of complete removal of water particles from garments.
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Types Of Drying :
Natural Drying – In this process garments are dried with the intention of
removing water by line drying or drying flat in the sun or shade.
Tumble Drying – This process is carried out in a tumble drying machine with the
intention of removal of water by treatment of hot air in rotating drum.
STEAM DRYER
A steam dryer is a clothes dryer that offers a steam drying option, which functions similar to
a traditional garment steamer to help remove wrinkles and static, and keep clothes looking
fresh. Steam dryers also offer a regular, non-steam cycle and may have delicate, permanent
press and air dry cycles.
How does steam dryer work ?
A steam dryer uses hot air to dry clothes, just like a conventional dryer. However, it can also
use a steam cycle, which uses hot, moist air to penetrate fabrics. This can help reduce
wrinkles from clothing, towels and other items.
Conventional dryers have multiple settings for drying different fabrics. In contrast, steam
dryers have options that can help you reduce wrinkles in fabrics to cut down on ironing time.
This is especially useful for fabrics that need to be ironed, but aren’t stained and don’t need to
be washed.
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Benefits of steam dryer
Reduce wrinkles and static.
Save water and energy because you do not have to re-wash and dry clothes.
Can be used as an alternative to dryer sheets to reduce static and help clothes come
out looking fresh
TUMBLE DRYER
This process is carried out in a tumble drying machine with the intention of removal of water
by treatment of hot air in rotating drum .
How it works ?
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
A rotating tumbler that holds the clothes.
An electric or gas powered heater that heats the air that is drawn through the clothes
as they tumble, which in turn heats up the clothes and the water in them.
An exhaust vent that passes out of the dryer and out of the house -- this is how the
water exits the dryer in the form of steam.
Features of full-sized tumble dryers:
Heat pump technology. A feature in a growing number of condenser models, which
results in an A energy rating
Crease care feature
Cool air setting
Sensor drying
Final cool tumble
Energy efficiency and running costs
Reverse tumble
REFERENCE
Google scholar
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
Ebsco
Asian Indian textile journal
National Institute Of Fashion Technology
