US Army Corps of Engineers
Japan Engineer District
Activity Hazard Analysis
Review
14 April 2009
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Activity Hazard Analysis (AHA)
• AHAs:
– Risk Assessment Tool
– Defines the Activity or Work to be Performed
– Identifies Hazards
– Establishes Controls to Reduce the Hazard
to an Acceptable Risk Level
– Living Document
Changes with Site Conditions or Operations
Changes of competent/qualified personnel
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Contractor Required – AHA (New Format)
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Contractor Required - AHA
COE EM 385-1-1, para 01.A.13.a: AHAs shall define the activities being performed and
identify the work sequences, the specific anticipated hazards, site conditions,
equipment, materials and the control measures to be implemented to eliminate or
reduce each hazard to an acceptable level of risk.
COE EM 385-1-1, para 01.A.13.b: Work will not begin until the AHA for the work
activity has been accepted by the Government Designated Authority (GDA) and
discussed with all engaged in the activity, including the Contractor, subcontractor(s),
and Government on-site representative at preparatory and initial control phase
meetings.
COE EM 385-1-1, para 01.A.13.c: Identify the names of the Competent/Qualified
person(s) required for a particular activity as specified by OSHA and EM 385-1-1. (i.e.,
Excavation, Fall Protection, Scaffolding, etc.)
COE EM 385-1-1, para 01.A.13.d: AHAs shall be reviewed and modified as necessary
to address changing site conditions, operations, or change of competent/qualified
personnel. **Living document**
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How to Develop Site Specific AHAs
Six Step Process
• Step 1:
– Identify: Definable Features of Work
Reference
• Contractor Quality Control Plan
• Contractor Project Schedule
– Subcontractors and suppliers working on the project shall
also contribute in developing an accurate “Project
Schedule”.
– Within each “Definable Features of Work” there may
be other sub-phases of work to complete the
“Definable Features of Work” such as
Set-up/Demobilization of office trailers
Staging of construction materials
Demolition of walls, HVAC systems, etc.
Asbestos/Lead abatement activities
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Definable Features of Work
Examples of “Definable Features of
Work” from start to finish
Within each “Definable Features of
Work” there may be other sub-
phases of work to complete the
“Definable Features of Work”
For Example: Mobilization
Sub-phases:
• Placement of project field office
• Utilities tie-in
• Erection of project fencing
• Establishing lay-down areas Identify “Definable Features” of
• Environmental controls work from start to finish
• Erection of USACE project sign
•Etc.
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Definable Features of Work
List “Definable Features of Work”
and sub-phases of work on AHAs under
“Job Steps:
For Example:
Mobilization
Placement of project field office
Utilities tie-in
Erection of project fencing
Establishing lay-down areas
Environmental controls
Erection of USACE project sign
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Hazards
• Step 2:
– Identify: Recognized or anticipated hazards for each definable
and/or sub-phases of work
Ask yourself the following to help identify hazards (not all
inclusive):
• Is there a danger of the employee of being struck by something (falling
objects, moving equipment, etc.) from above, side, behind or in front?
• Can the employee slip or trip?
• Can the employee be caught in or between objects, machinery,
collapsing walls, confined space, etc.?
• Strains or sprains?
• Electrical shock?
• Can the employee fall from same or different levels?
• Can employee or equipment come into contact with overhead lines or
underground utilities?
• Can employee be exposed to hazardous environments or chemicals?
Utilize past experiences, Lessons Learned, After Action
Reports, Accident Trends, common sense, etc. to help identify
hazards
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List “Hazards” on the AHAs under “Hazards” Hazards
Examples of Hazards (not all inclusive)::
Struck By
Struck by Falling Object
Struck Against
Fall on Same Level
Fall on Different Level
Slipped/ Tripped (No fall)
Punctured By
Laceration
Caught On
Caught By
Caught Between
Lifted, Strained by (Single Action)
Contacted by (Object was moving)
Electric Shock
Impaled
Downing
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere
Exposed To
Stung By
Equipment Failure
Equipment Rollover
Fire
Cave-In
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Controls
• Step 3:
– Identify: Site specific control measures to eliminate or
reduce each hazard to an acceptable risk level
Ask yourself the following (not all inclusive):
• How can the working condition or process be changed?
• Can the hazard be eliminated with engineering controls?
• What type of PPE can we use?
• Can the hazard be eliminated with administrative controls?
• What can the employee do to prevent an accident or eliminate the
hazard?
– Utilize past experiences, Lessons Learned, After Action
Reports, Accident Trends, common sense, etc. to help
formulate control measures.
– GOAL: Reduce each Hazard to Acceptable Risk Level
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Controls
Job Steps Hazards Controls RAC
Mobilization:
Project field office placement Stuck by moving Wear reflective vests.
equipment Establish “No Zone” with flagging or
barrier tape. Authorized personnel only!
Back up alarms.
Operators maintain eye contact with
spotters at all times.
Fall from elevated heights Provide ladder for safe access to roof.
Personnel shall wear full body harness
with lanyard.
Install manufacture approved anchor
point at least 6 ft (1.8 m) from the roof
Utilities tie-in line.
100 percent tie-off at all times.
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Competent/Qualified Personnel
• Step 4:
– Identify: Names of the Competent or Qualified
Personnel required for the activity or job step
Reference
• EM 385-1-1
• OSHA
Proof of competency/qualification shall be submitted to the
GDA for acceptance prior to start of work
Attached competency/qualification documentation to AHA
Examples of Competent/Qualified Personnel
• Excavation
• Scaffolding
• First Aid/CPR
• Electrical
• Confined Space
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Competent/Qualified Personnel
• Names of the Competent or
Qualified Personnel required for the
activity or job step
• Reference
EM 385-1-1
OSHA
• Attached competency/qualification
documentation to AHA
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
• Step 5:
– Identify: Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
– Review each “Hazard” for “Probability” and
“Severity” per Risk Assessment Code Matrix chart
Probability: Likelihood of the hazard to cause a incident,
near miss, or accident
• Frequent - Occurs very often, known to happen regularly
• Likely - Occurs several times, a common occurrence
• Occasional - Occurs sporadically, but is not uncommon
• Seldom - Remotely possible, could occur at some time
• Unlikely - Can assume will not occur, but not impossible
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
• Step 5 con’t:
Severity: Outcome/degree of the incident, near miss, or
accident
• Catastrophic - Death or permanent total disability; Major
property damage
• Critical - Permanent partial disability or temporary total
disability; Extensive damage to equipment or systems
• Marginal - Lost workdays due to injury or illness; Minor
damage to equipment or systems, property, or the environment
• Negligible - First aid or minor medical treatment; Slight
equipment or system damage, but fully functional or
serviceable; Little or no property or environmental damage
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
• Step 5 con’t:
– Ask yourself: How often (probability) will this hazard result in a
incident, near miss, or accident?
For Example:
• Employee falling from roof or elevated heights (Hazard)
• Probability: Occasional
– Ask yourself: What will be the outcome or degree (severity) of
injury or property damage if the incident, near miss, or accident
did occur on site?
For Example:
• Broken arm or leg with lost time (outcome or degree)
• Severity: Marginal
– Review “Risk Assessment Code (RAC) Matrix” chart to
determine Risk Assessment Code (RAC) as E, H, M, or L
– RAC: M (Moderate Risk)
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
Probability: Occasional
Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
• Moderate Risk (M)
Severity: Marginal • Identify (M) as RAC for the hazard on AHA
• Repeat RAC process for each hazard
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
Job Steps Hazards Controls RAC
Mobilization:
Project field office placement Stuck by moving Wear reflective vests. L
equipment Establish “No Zone” with flagging or barrier
tape. Authorized personnel only!
Back up alarms.
Operators maintain eye contact with spotters at
all times.
Fall from elevated Provide ladder for safe access to roof. M
heights Personnel shall wear full body harness with
lanyard.
Install manufacture approved anchor point at
least 6 ft (1.8 m) from the roof line.
100 percent tie-off at all times.
Most RACs will be (M) or (L) after safety controls have been identified, but some RACs
may be classified as (H) or (E) after safety controls have been identified. See next slide.
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
• Step 5 con’t
– RACs that are E (Extremely High Risk) or H (High
Risk) after safety controls
Contact QA, PE, or RE to include CEPOJ-SO for assistance
Potential E or H activities or job steps
• Contractor diving operations
• Entry into Permit Required Confined Spaces
• Hot Work on or around fuel systems
• Critical lift crane ops
Review and approval from Construction Chief, AE, E&C Chief,
PPMD Chief, AE, SO Chief, DD, or DE (when necessary)
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Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
Job Steps Hazards Controls RAC
Mechanical Works
Installation of new 200 ton HVAC Loss of load during Develop critical lift plan IAW EM 385-1-1, para H
cooling tower crane lift 16.H.
Submit critical lift plan to GDA for acceptance
and review plan with all involved with the lift.
Inspect rigging.
Detail rigging plan
Verify wind speed prior to lift
Inspect crane prior to use
Load test crane
RACs classified as (H) or (E) after identifying safety controls may require
additional review and acceptance from Field Office, SO, or Command group
leaders. Seek guidance or instruction from GDA before start of work.
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Equipment, Training, and Inspection
• Step 6:
– Identify: Equipment to be Used, Training
Requirements, and Inspection Requirements
Reference:
• EM 385-1-1
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926
• Manufacture Instructions/Recommendations (Operator Manual)
• Industry Practices
Utilize past experiences, Lessons Learned, After Action
Reports, Accident Trends, common sense, etc.
Communicate with subcontractors, suppliers, etc.
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Equipment, Training, and Inspection
Equipment to be Used Training Requirements Inspection Requirements
Excavator 30 OSHA Construction Safety SSHO/QC Daily Site Inspections
Generator Indoctrination Training Scaffolding
Scaffolding (Frame or Tube Clamp?) First Aid/CPR Shoring Systems for Excavation
Full body Harness with Lanyard Fall Protection Monthly First Aid Kits
Portable Toilets Daily Tool Box Meetings (Japan) Fall Protection PPE and Anchors
5 Ma GFCI Weekly/Monthly Safety Training All Heavy Equipment
Power Cord Sets Respirator Power Cord Sets (Daily)
Crane Emergency Response Procedures GFCIs (at least Monthly)
First Aid Kit Fire Extinguisher Grounding (Monthly)
Safety Shoes Qualified Crane Operator
Safety Glasses Qualified Heave Equipment Operator
Hardhat Qualified Electricians
Respiratory Protection Qualified Scaffold Erectors
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Conclusion
• Construction work is inherently dangerous
• AHAs are a risk management tool to help identify
hazards or risks and formulate controls to reduce the
hazard to an acceptable risk level
• Communicate with subcontractors, suppliers, USACE
field office personnel, etc. when developing AHAs
• AHAs shall be reviewed and modified as necessary to
address changing site conditions, operations, or changes
of competent/qualifed personnel
• Contact POJ Safety Office for assistance
• Safety requires a TEAM EFFORT!
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