LE 3

GROSS
ANATOMY
Head & Neck, Thorax, Lungs, Heart,
Mediastinum, and Posterior Thoracic
Wall
Acuña | Aguilar | Aguiting | Agustin | Ajero
Cabujat | Cacyuran | Cachola | Caculitan | Calaycay
HN-V. HEAD & NECK
Head & Neck

I. Facial Neurovasculature
A. Set A
B. Set B
II. Neck Vasculature
A. Set A
III. Sagittal Section of the Head
A. Set A
B. Set B
IV. Eyes and Extrinsic Muscles
A. Set A
B. Set B
V. Radiology of the Skull
A. Lateral View
B. Postero-Anterior View
IV. Facial
I.A. FacialVasculature
Neurovasculature - SET A

2
1
Facial artery 8

7 4 2
5 4
5
Transverse 6
facial artery 3 Anterior
auricular artery

4
IV. Facial
I.A. FacialVasculature
Neurovasculature - SET A

2
1
8

7 4 2
5 4
5
Superficial 6
temporal artery 3

4
IV. Facial
I.A. FacialVasculature
Neurovasculature - SET A

1 Superior
Angular vein
labial artery

Transverse 2
1
facial artery 8

7 4 2
5 4
5
6 Facial artery
3

4
I.B. Facial Neurovasculature - SET B

Superior Thyroid Artery

2
2 Facial Artery

Maxillary Artery

1 1

Superficial Temporal Artery

I.B. Facial Neurovasculature - SET B

2
2 Lingual Artery

Facial Artery

1 1
1
I.C. Facial Neurovasculature - SET C

2
2

1 1
1
I.C. Facial Neurovasculature - SET C

2
2

1 1
1
I.C. Facial Neurovasculature - SET C

2
2

1 1
1
I.C. Facial Neurovasculature - SET C

2
2

1 1
1
II.A. Neck Vasculature - SET A
Red - Common Carotid a.
Green - External Carotid a.
Yellow - Internal Carotid a.
1
Violet - Vagus nerve
Blue - Internal Jugular vein

4
II.A. Neck Vasculature - SET A
Red - Common Carotid a.
Green - External Carotid a.
Yellow - Internal Carotid a.
1 Violet - Vagus nerve
Blue - Internal Jugular vein
Black - Point of bifurcation between
ICA and ECA ( location of carotid
body)

4
II.A. Neck Vasculature - SET A
1 - Thyroid cartilage
2 - Cricoid Cartilage
1
Yellow bracket -
1 Tracheal rings

4
III.A. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET A
Nasopharynx
- behind the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate
Oropharynx
- from1soft palate to epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
- posterior to the larynx

4
III.A. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET A
1 - Esophagus
2 - Trachea
3 - Vestibular Fold (FALSE vocal cord)
11 14 - Vocal fold (TRUE vocal cord)
C3 5 - Laryngeal ventricle
9 10
6 - Trachealis muscle
7 - Cricoid cartilage
C4 1
3 8 - Thyroid cartilage
9 - Epiglottis
5
C5 4 8 10 - Vallecula
11 - Lingual tonsil
4
C6
6 7 3
2

4
III.A. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET A
1 - Torus tobarius
2 - Opening of Auditory tube/
pharyngotympanic tube orifice/
9 1Eustachian tube opening
3 - Pharyngeal recess
1 4 - Hard palate
2 5 - Soft palate
6 1 4 6 - Pharyngeal tonsil
3 3
5 7 - Salpingopharyngeal fold
7 5
4 8 8 - Uvula
9 - Sphenoidal sinus
8 4 10 - Epiglottis
6 7 311 - Vallecula
12 - Lingual tonsil
2
12
4
10 11
III.A. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET A
1 - Superior nasal concha
2 - Middle nasal concha
7 3 - Inferior nasal concha
14 - Superior nasal meatus
1 - where posterior ethmoidal sinus open
8 4 5 - Middle nasal meatus
2
- where maxillary sinus open
1 5
1 33 6 - Inferior nasal meatus
6 - where nasolacrimal duct open
5
4 8 7 - Frontal sinus
8 - Sphenoidal sinus
4

6 7 3
2

4
III.B. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET B
Nasopharynx
- Respiratory function
Oropharynx
- Digestive
1 function but
common to respiratory and
alimentary tracts
Laryngopharynx
- Upper part: common to
respiratory and alimentary
tracts
- Lower part: entirely
digestive
3

4
III.B. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET B
Nasal concha/turbinates
- Hanging projections
1 - Superior
2 - Middle
3 - Inferior
13 1 Nasal meatus
- Space below each concha
4 - Superior
7 5 - Middle
1 6 - Inferior
4
12 7 - Sphenoethmoidal recess
18 2 8 - Torus tubarius
9 - Opening of Auditory
5 tube/pharyngotympanic tube
15
3 9 8 orifice/Eustachian tube opening
14 3
16 10 - Solft palate
6 11 - Hard palate
17
12 - Sphenoidal sinus
11
10 13 - Frontal sinus
4 14 - Tubal tonsil
15 - Pharyngeal tonsil
16 - Pharyngeal recess
17 - Salpingopharyngeal fold
18 - Nasal cavity
III.B. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET B
1 - Palatine tonsil
2 - Lingual tonsil
3 - Epiglottis
4 - Palatophrayngeal fold/arch
5 1 ● Covers the underlying
Palatopharyngeus muscle
(Action: moves arches medially
4
and elevates pharynx during
1 swallowing)
C2 5 - Palatoglossus fold
2 ● Covers the underlying
Palatoglossus muscle (Action:
elevates the posterior tongue)
C3
3 96
3

C4
4

C5
III.B. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET B
1 - Genioglossus
2 - Geniohyoid
3 - Mylohyoid

5 1

4
1
C2
2

C3
3
3
1

2 C4
3 4

C5
III.B. Sagittal Section of the Head - SET B
C3 1 - Esophagus
3 2 - Trachea
3 - Root of tongue
C4 4 - Vestibular fold (False vocal cord)
1
***AVOID USING false vocal cord during
6 the practicals
4 C5 5 - Vocal fold (True vocal cord)
7
5 6 - Laryngeal ventricle
7 - Thyroid cartilage
C6 8 - Cricoid cartilage
8 296
2

1
3

4
IV.A. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET A

4
IV.A. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET A
Laterality: RIGHT EYE

1 1 - Lacrimal gland
2 - Levator palpebrae
2 superioris ms.
1

4
IV.A. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET A
Laterality: RIGHT EYE

1 - Medial rectus ms
2
2 - Superior rectus ms
5
3 - Optic Nerve
6 4 - Inferior rectus ms
5 - Lacrimal gland
3 6 - Lateral rectus ms
1 3

4
IV.A. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET A
Laterality: RIGHT EYE

1 1 - Lacrimal gland
2 - Levator palpebrae
superioris ms
3
3 - Superior rectus ms

2
1 3

4
IV.B. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET B
Lacrimal gland POSTERIOR

NOTE: The lacrimal gland 3

determines the laterality of the
eye — it is oriented
SUPEROLATERALLY.
4
ANTERIOR
*in the exam, the eye will always
be oriented SUPERIORLY
IV.B. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET B
1. Levator palpebrae
Lacrimal gland POSTERIOR superioris ms.
2. Superior oblique ms.
1 3. Superior rectus ms.
4. Medial rectus ms.
5. Lateral rectus ms.
5
4
3 4
3
1 2

4
ANTERIOR
IV.B. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET B
1. Levator palpebrae
superioris ms.
Lacrimal gland POSTERIOR 2. Superior oblique ms.
1 3. Superior rectus ms.
4. Medial rectus ms.
5. Lateral rectus ms.

3 5
4
3
1 2

4
ANTERIOR
IV.B. Eyes & Extrinsic Muscles - SET B
1. Levator palpebrae superioris
ms.
ANTERIOR 2. Superior oblique ms.
1 3. Superior rectus ms.
4. Medial rectus ms.
5. Lateral rectus ms.
6. Inferior rectus ms.
2
1 7. Optic n.
8 8. Lacrimal gland
7 4 2
5 4
5
6
3

4
POSTERIOR
V. Skull X-ray: Lateral View
1. Frontal bone
2. Coronal suture
3. Parietal bone
1 4. Lambdoidal suture
5. Occipital bone
6. Mastoid process
7. Dorsum sellae
8. Posterior clinoid process
9. Sella turcica
10. Anterior clinoid process
11. Sphenoid sinus
12. Frontal sinus
3 13. Maxillary sinus
14. Angle of mandible

4
V. Skull X-ray: Postero-Anterior View
1. Frontal sinus
2. Lesser wing of sphenoid
3. Greater wing of sphenoid
4. Ethmoid
1 sinus
5. Maxillary sinus
6. Nasal septum
7. Body of mandible
8. Angle of mandible

4
RESP I-II. THORACIC CAGE & LUNGS
Thoracic Cage & Lungs

I. Ribs
II. Thoracic Cage Muscles
A. Set A
B. Set B
III. Lungs
A. Set 1
B. Set 2
IV. Chest X-ray
A. PA View
B. Lateral View
C. Anterior and Posterior Thoracic Ribs
I. Ribs
4 1 - Sternum
1a - Jugular notch
1a 1b - Manubrium
8
1c - Sternal angle
1b 2
1d - Body
1c 1e - Xiphoid process
2
2 1f - Xiphisternal joint
2 2 - Costal Cartilage
3 - Intercostal Space
3 1d
4 - First Rib
5 - Costochondral joint
6 - Subcostal angle
5 7 - Interchondral joint
1f
8 - Clavicle
1 1 1e
TRUE RIBS are connected directly to
1 the
7 sternum [Rib 1-7] vs FALSE RIBS [Rib 8-12]
6
TYPICAL RIBS [Rib 3-9] vs ATYPICAL RIBS
[Rib 1,2, 10-12]
I. Ribs
1 - Floating rib

FLOATING RIBS [Rib 11- 12, sometimes Rib 10]

2
2

1 1
1

1
I. Ribs
Identify Pointed Structure:
Costal Groove
2

What can be found in the

2
2 pointed structure?
[Superior to Inferior]
Intercostal Vein, Intercostal
Artery, and Intercostal Nerve

1 1
1
II.A. Thoracic Cage Muscles - SET A
INTERNAL VIEW

Parts of the Sternum

1 - Manubrium 2
6 7 1a Manubriosternal Junction
2 2 - Body of the Sternum*
2
3 - Xiphoid Process
1
3a Xiphisternal Junction

5 4 - Transversus Thoracis Muscles

4
5 - Inner Intercostal Muscles
2
6 - Internal Thoracic Vein
1 1
7 - Internal Thoracic Artery 1

* In the practical exam, be sure to specify where exactly

3 it is, e.g. “body of the sternum”
II.A. Thoracic Cage Muscles - SET A
1 - Costal Cartilage
2 - Internal Intercostal Muscles
3 - External Intercostal Muscles
4 - Rib 2
5 - Sternum
2 6 - External Intercostal Membrane
2
1
6
(membrane)
4 5
3 2

1 1
1
II.B. Thoracic Cage Muscles - SET B
1 - Internal Intercostal Muscles
2 - External Intercostal Muscles
3 - Costal Cartilage
4 - Rib 2
2 2
5 - Sternum
21
21
3 5
4
4
3

1 1
1
II.B. Thoracic Cage Muscles - SET B
1 - Innermost Intercostal Muscles
2 - Internal Intercostal Muscles
3 - Transversus Thoracis Muscle 2
4 - Sternum
2
2

4
2

3
1
1 1
1
III.A. Lungs - SET A (RIGHT LUNG)
1 - Apex
1
LOBES:
2 - Superior 2
3 - Middle
2 4 - Inferior
2 2

FISSURES:
Oblique
Horizontal
3
1 1 4
1
III.A. Lungs - SET A (RIGHT LUNG)
1 - Right superior lobar (eparterial) bronchus (Right pulmonary
1 bronchus)
2 - Right intermediate bronchus (Right pulmonary bronchus)
3 - Right pulmonary arteries 2
4 - Right superior pulmonary veins
2 5 - Right inferior pulmonary vein
21 2
3

3
2
4
Oblique fissure
4
3 5 Cardiac impression
1
1 1
Hilum
Pulmonary ligament 1
III.A. Lungs - SET A (LEFT LUNG)
1 - Apex
1
2 - Superior lobe
3 - Inferior lobe
4 - Superior Lingular (part of Superior Lobe) 2
5 - Inferior Lingular (part of Superior Lobe)
2
21 2
3 FISSURES:
2
Oblique
3
2
4
4
4 5
1
1 1
1
5
3
III.A. Lungs - SET A (LEFT LUNG)
1 - Left pulmonary artery
1 2 - Left main bronchus
3 - Right pulmonary vein
4 - Groove for arch of aorta 2
5 - Groove for descending aorta
2 6 - Lingula
4 2 2
3

13
23
24 2
4
5 Oblique fissure
1
1 1
Cardiac impression
5 Hilum 1
Cardiac notch
Pulmonary Ligament

6
III.B. Lungs - SET B

2
2

1 1
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B
Bronchopulmonary segments of
Superior lobe (1-3)
1 - Apical
2 - Posterior 2
3 - Anterior
2
2
Bronchopulmonary segments of
Middle lobe (4-5)
4 - Medial
5 - Lateral

1 1
Bronchopulmonary segments of
Inferior lobe (6-9) 1
6 - Superior
7 - Posterior basal
8 - Lateral basal
9 - Anterior basal
III.B. Lungs - SET B
Bronchopulmonary segments of
Superior lobe (10-13)
10 - Apicoposterior
11 - Anterior 2
12 - Superior-lingular
2 13 - Inferior-lingular
2

Bronchopulmonary segments of
Inferior lobe (14-17)
14 - Superior
15 - Posterior basal
1 1
16 - Lateral basal
17 - Anterior basal 1
III.B. Lungs - SET B

2
2

1 1
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B
Superior lobe (1-4)
1 - Apicoposterior
2 - Anterior
3 - Superior lingular 2
4 - Inferior lingular
2
2
Inferior lobe (5-8)
5 - Anteromedial basal
6 - Lateral basal
7 - Posterior basal
8 - Superior
1 1
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B
Superior lobe (9-10,16)
9 - Apical
10 - Anterior
16 - Posterior 2

2 Middle lobe (11)

2
11 - Medial

Inferior lobe (12-15)

12 - Medial Basal
13 - Anterior Basal
1 1
14 - Lateral Basal
15 - Posterior Basal / Superior
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B (RIGHT LUNG)
1. Apex

LOBES:
2. Superior 2
1
3. Middle
2 4. Inferior
2
2

FISSURES:
Oblique
3 Horizontal

14 1
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B (RIGHT LUNG)
1. Right superior lobar (eparterial) bronchus (Right
pulmonary bronchus)
2. Right intermediate bronchus (Right pulmonary bronchus)
3. Right pulmonary arteries 2
4. Right superior pulmonary vein
2 5. Right inferior pulmonary vein
2
1
3
2
3
4
Hilum
5

1 1
Anterior Border
Posterior Border 1
Pulmonary Ligament
Oblique Fissure

Diaphragmatic Surface
III.B. Lungs - SET B (LEFT LUNG)
1. Apex
2. Superior Lobe
3. Inferior Lobe
1 4. Lingula 2

2 FISSURES:
2
Oblique
2

4 1 1
1
III.B. Lungs - SET B (LEFT LUNG)
1 - Left pulmonary artery
2 - Left main bronchus
3 - Right pulmonary vein
4 - Groove for arch of aorta 2
4 5 - Groove for descending aorta
2
1 2
2 3

3 Hilum
5 Cardiac Impression
Lingula
1 1
Pulmonary Ligament
1

Cardiac Notch
IV. Chest X-ray: Postero-Anterior View
1. 1st posterior rib
2. Clavicle , right
3. Scapula, left
4. Trachea 2
5. Aortic arch
2 6. Pulmonary trunk
2 7. Vascular hilum
8. Right atrium
9. --
10. Left ventricle
11. Diaphragm
12. Liver
1 1 13. Gastric air bubble
1
14. Costodiaphragmatic recess
15. Superior vena cava

How to count the ribs?

Start from the numbered item going up. The last
rib counted should be the first rib.
IV. Chest X-ray: Lateral View
1. Trachea
2. Esophagus
3. Sternal angle
4. Sternum (body) 2
5. Anterior mediastinum
2 6. Thoracic vertebrae
2 7. Lung root
8. Right ventricle
9. Left atrium
10. Left ventricle
11. Posterior mediastinum
12. Diaphragm (right)
1 1 13. Diaphragm (left)
1
IV. Chest X-ray: Anterior and Posterior Thoracic Ribs

2
2

1 1
1
CVS-I. HEART, MEDIASTINUM, & POSTERIOR
THORACIC WALL
Heart, Mediastinum, & Posterior Thoracic Wall
I. Heart and Mediastinum
A. Set A
B. Set B
II. Posterior Thoracic Wall
A. Set A
B. Set B
I.A. Heart (Anterior View) - SET A
Surfaces
A - Apex
3c B - Base
3b
3a 3 4 C - Diaphragmatic Surface 2

2
Parts
2 1. Right Auricle
2. Ascending Aorta
2 10
B 5 3. Arch of the Aorta
Branches:
a. Brachiocephalic Trunk
1 b. Left Common Carotid Artery
1 9 1 6
c. Left Subclavian Artery
4. Descending Aorta 1
7 5. Pulmonary Trunk
8 6. Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
7. Left Ventricle
C 8. Right Ventricle
A
9. Coronary Sulcus
10. Left Auricle
I.A. Heart & Mediastinum - SET A

6
1. Left coronary artery
2. Circumflex branch 2
3. Anterior interventricular (left anterior descending
2 branch)
2
4. Diagonal branches of anterior interventricular branch
5. Left auricle
1 5 6. Aorta
2
3

1 1
4 1
4
I.A. Heart & Mediastinum - SET A
1. Right coronary artery
2. Right auricle
3. Aorta
4 4. Pulmonary trunk
5. Right ventricle

3 2
5
6 4
1

2
I.A. Heart (Right Ventricle) - SET A

2
Papillary Muscles
2 1 - Anterior Papillary Ms.
2
2 - Posterior Papillary Ms. 6
3 - Septal Papillary Ms.

5 4 4 - Interventricular Septum 5
5 3
5 - Chordae Tendineae
4
1 1
1
6 - Tricuspid Valve
2
7 - Septomarginal Trabecula 1 1
8 - Trabeculae Carneae
8
7

8
I.B. Heart (Diaphragmatic Surface) - SET B
1. Coronary sinus
2. Middle cardiac vein
3. Left posterior ventricular vein
4. Great cardiac vein 2
5. Oblique vein
2 12
5
4

1 1
1
I.B. Heart (Diaphragmatic Surface) - SET B
1. Coronary sinus
2. Middle cardiac vein
3 3. Small cardiac vein
4. Right coronary artery 2
1

2 4
2

1 1
1
I.B. Heart (Anterior View) - SET B
1. Right auricle and Right atrium
8 2. Right ventricle
7 3. Right coronary artery
5 4. Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus 2
5. Base of the heart
2 6. Apex of the heart
1 2
7. Diaphragmatic surface
3 8. Pulmonary trunk
9. Aorta
4

1 1
7
1

6
I.B. Heart (Right Atrium) - SET B
1. Pectinate muscles
2. Sinus Venarum
7
3. Fossa ovalis (depression)
2

2
2 8

3
6 9

1 3
5 1 2
1
4

2
I.B. Heart (Right Ventricle) - SET B
1. Moderator band (septomarginal trabeculae)
2. Trabeculae carneae
7
3. Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
4. Chordae tendinae 2
5. Anterior papillary muscle
2 6. Cusp of tricuspid valve
2 8 7. Aorta
8. Pulmonary trunk (semilunar cusps inside)
6 9
9. Supraventricular crest

3
1 5 1
1
4
1

2
I.B. Heart (Sternocostal Surface) - SET B
1. Aorta
2. Pulmonary trunk
3. Left coronary artery
4. Circumflex branch of LCA 2
5. Anterior interventricular branch of LCA
2 3
42
1

1 5
1
1
I.B. Heart (Anterior View) - SET B
1. Arch of aorta
11 7
2. Ascending aorta
10
3. Brachiocephalic trunk
4
3 5 4. Left common carotid artery 2
5. Left Subclavian artery
2 6. Pulmonary trunk
2
7. Superior vena cava
1
2
8. Right coronary artery
9. Right ventricle
6

*Brachiocephalic trunk will bifurcate into Right

subclavian artery and Right common carotid artery
1 1
10. Right subclavian artery 1
8 11. Right common carotid artery

9
II.A. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET A
LEFT , Posterior to pericardium

More Anterior 2
1 - Esophagus
2 1
2 More Posterior
2 2 - Thoracic Aorta
For orientation: cadaver is in supine position
3 3 - Thoracic Duct
4 4 - Azygos Vein

Left to right: ALV

1
1 1 T. Aorta → T. Duct → Azygos Vein
artery lymph vein
3
2 1

RIGHT ,
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B
6 1. Esophagus
2. Phrenic nerve
3. Vagus nerve
4. Diaphragm 2
5. Visceral pericardium
2 5 6. Parietal pericardium (flip to other
2
side)
**not sure
3
1

1 1 2
1
4
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B
1. Esophagus
2. Thoracic Aorta
3. Opening to the Pulmonary Trunk
4. Opening to the Aorta 2

2
2

1 1
1
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B
1. Esophagus
2. Thoracic Aorta
3. Descending Aorta
2

Sympathetic Trunk

Greater Splanchnic N.
1 1
Lesser Splanchnic N. 1
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B

2
2

Accessory Hemiazygos V.

Sympathetic Trunk
1 1
1
Greater Splanchnic N.
Lesser Splanchnic N.
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B
1. Esophagus
2. Thoracic Aorta

2
2

Thoracic Duct

Azygos V.
1 1
1
II.B. Posterior Thoracic Wall - SET B

2
2
Intercostal v.

Intercostal a.

1 1
Intercostal n. 1