—— Chapter VIII . COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC puRPOSES ¢ [EARNING OUTCOMES le, rate toner St7Ier Write and present academic papers using appropri} conventions, and reference styles ‘ing ideas (J Asort awareness of audience and context In presenting © J and/or web-base’ i -visual, Convey ideas through oral, audio-visu' Faas global settings presentations for different target audiences in local ysing appropriate registers is itis quite antithesis that the study of communication for aca sO if iat in this course. In real life, the continuum is from academe to rl But, the the authors had their way, this chapter would have been presente’ on * eluding slabus from the Commission for Higher Education indicates this as the “ topic for reasons we can only surmise, hence this last chapter in this book. By now, you should have realized that communication is basically ant expressing and exchanging feelings and ideas, and that the success oF failure of a person can be linked in the way he or she communicates. Indeed, communication Is considered as one of the very important components of human development. [LAGADEMIG RESEARCH © inthe Senior High School (SHS), you have been bombarded with'research courses both in English and Filipino. So this subject is not anymore new to you, and ifyou took your research courses in the SHS seriously, this part of the study should ‘ow come easy to you. : Having discussed this matter comprehensively in the SHS, discussions here will * brief. Consider these discussions then asa review. Th . a biden research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which iva et presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that links an S speculation with reality. In other words, research is the.systematic studys which involves careful collection, presentation, analysis ang of trends or event : jates man’s thinking with reaj, interpretation of quantitative data or facts that rel (Paler-Carmorin, et al., 2015), ‘some nature of research are discussed briefly as follows: nomena. It is very Important to follow a procedure in conducting a research, You will find that 2 research is very difficult if you will do it your way without taking into considerations the research procedures. A procedure serves as 2 step-by-step process that wily help you complete your research successfully. rpretation of facts is done after applying 3 rch. When all the data have \d has been applied, analysis 1. Scientific investigation of phe 2. Interpretation of facts. The inte! particular research method suited to the resea been gathered and a particular research metho and interpretation of data follow. 3, Links an individual’s speculation with reality. Often, people tend to hypothesize without prior investigation. This is dangerous especially when you are to make an important decision. Research, on the other hand, cannot exist without investigation. In fact, research is synonymous with investigation. 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SEN 260M NIP easy unis 272 0 PAL ue ynouum ajdoad Yoo ny puOM © 245% means 94 owen woveeras ‘auevioduy) aya ‘sonze1d je2}pou au eu asow ain 8227 2309 yo asnenad PaueP: Sywapere ie J° * gue s1090) 2010 sean 2080142008 mre ne Baba Mm veo ssauesnd © 368 youu og 30 Burcu ‘uasniPe dn saanzesd pue @Aoudiu|sjooy>s Hl 'sIUapmas a4 O18 5 yepyauag-PuD aul TPM S® Y>reB50) UW 3y2U0q squapnis rua nor y2e1d jeuoneanpa anosduut avout yaeoudde ‘winynotssna Pi Uu yauag suoyenssususpe ‘s]004Ps 4 nee ipod ‘pliom BuBueyo asey 219 Ut ssanimas pue 5% ing sdjay yose3s°8 Scanned with Caresearch will not degenerate istorical r anticipate future ones. In order that historia! uided by @ hypothesis into a ‘treasure hunt’, data gathering should (Good & Fonollera, 1993; in Magsajo-Sarno, 2012) . Descriptive research. it describes what it Is. recording, analysis, and interpretation of the preser ‘onditions, or how or processes of phenomena. The focus is on prevalling CONE! TN Mt 28 @ person, group or thing behaves or functions in the pres ales, 093-45 involve some time of comparison or contrast (Calderon & Gonzales, 1993; in Magsajo-Sarno, 2012). It involves description, sent nature, composition N jure involving the control or s Experimental research. It is a method or procedure in fue off manipulations of conditions for the purpose of studying the relative effects of various treatments applied to the members of sample, or of the same treatment applied to members of different samples (Calderon & Gonzales, 1993; Magsajo-Sarno, 2012). 4. Business research. Business research is a field of practical study in which a company obtains data and analyzes it in order to better manage the company. Business research can include financial data, consumer feedback, product research and competitive analysis. Executives and managers who use business research methods are able to better understand their company, the position it holds in the market and how to improve that position (Leonard, in http://smallbusiness.chron.com/business-research-43341.html). B. RESEARCH PROPOSAL Before actually conducting a research, you must plan the actions you are to take, and consider several factors to ensure success. For this purpose, you will be needing a research plan. Aresearch plan is considered the blueprint of a research. It will guide you in the step-by-step process of research. This plan includes your timeframe from start to finish. It is common in many schools for teachers to ask students to submit a research plan before or while approving the research topic. The reason for this is for the teacher to know whether the researcher has ample background about the research topic. Also, the teacher may want to examine the relevance of the research topic. In many schools, it is required for the topic to be related to the researcher's course of study. Of course, the research plan allows the teacher to see the researcher's timeframe, the proposed title, as well as the problem statement,the yOU. GOIN to the library ores, oF esearch, select a topic that Interests arching the net might help you do this step- 3, Find a topic that you alr advantage. eady have a background about. This is for your own 4, Always remember that i lat it is 's very important for the topic to be specific. At this point, you may con: " sult topic. Your teacher/adviser to narrow down your chosen 5, Make sure that the may need to co Your research title is well crafted. For this purpose, YOu Insult your teacher/adviser. ‘ 6. Develop the competenci start and finish Petencies and the discipline that you need to be able to 'sh your research on time. pifferent fidlds have di afer in the adopted frm formate ok a research proposal. Schools may also i esearch proposal. For th is book, propose the following parts ofa research propoeal the purpose ofthis Book we Title Page .. Introduction |. Problem Statement |. Objectives /. Preliminary Literature Review / Methodology . List of References posal that follows with comments to better guide his sample proposal is adapted from roposal%20with%20 Read the sample research proj you in writing each part of the proposal. Tt itps/vww.uh.edu/~Isongs/documents/A%20sample%20P comment.pdf: vvarnnefial Can3 ‘Semple Propoval Text Comments/Guidelines | Proposed Tile: A Goncepival Framework fr Scheduling Constraint Management Provide 3 brief ond meaningful ~ ‘ile to your pr ct. [introduction Every construction project is unique and has its own operating environment and sets of | Background or introduction section technical requirements. Asc result, the execution of a construction project is subject fonumerous | provides a description of the basic constraits that limit the commencement or progression of fleld operations, which invariably | facts and importance of the research’ have significant negative impact on overall project performance. foree. This answert the following ‘questions: What is your research area, the motivation of research, and how’ ty domi tins atc oy tule as gai 8 ss encore pat eprsea osname tro de ce ca of oun pbs her tees ete ek mba fr yr otiocieadeceoeaeneel pale aan tron cs race /eadealeead maps pesbevirk apes p tle egies eran Sa ance ee tae eon [apie ranedersoivedyrai uae neteanen| slap ater cent ope roen iepsian a baerrnteae Sa al ae pe ae ae et i eee ed {rae eetire pment dpe rset tcc fees This research project will provide an overview of state-of-art schedule constroint analysis, Practice during look-ahead scheduling. In addition, it will propose a conceptual framework for menaging constraints. Scanned with CarIl. Problem Statement The importance of developing a constraint-free and reliable work plan has long been recognized by the industry. However, numerous construction projects are still plagued by lays and cost overruns, which can frequently be traced to ineffective identification and treatment of constraints. First, when © constraint is not properly identified during scheduling, subsequent conflicts jnthe field are inevitable. Today's projects are becoming more. and more technically complex ‘and logistically challenging, which exposes construction operations to'even more complex constraints. Second, the traditional scheduling methods, bar charts and Critical Path Method {CPM) which ore widely used as a basis for constraint ‘anal greatly limit our capability ‘in-modeling and resolving constraints during look-ahead scheduling. These methods have Jong been blamed for their limitations in modeling and communicatiig constraints, including inability to cope with non-time-reloted precedence constraints and difficulty to evaluate and communicate inter-dependencies at the fleld operation level. (Sriprasert & Dawood, 2002; Chua & Shen, 2001). there is a need for a better understanding of constraints in construction and a constraints to ensure i constraint-free work In summary, structured approach in identifying and model in. More specifically, the following research questions need to be addressed: 1. What are the typical constraints found in various construction projects? How to classify these constrains for easier identification and modeling? What are the current industry practice as well as research advancements in modeling ‘and resolving constraints? 4, How to unify the constraint classification knowledge and various constraint modeling Problem statement provides a clear and concise description of the issues that need to be addressed. This answers the question: What is the specific problem that research area that you will address (eg. lack of understanding of o subjec low performance...? efforts into a framework for total constraint management, su wins val vear2 | | IV. Preliminary Literature Review IIL. Objectives The long term goal of this research is to develop a formalized constraint management system. Constraint management is defined herein as the process of identifying, classifying, modeling, and resolving constraints. The objective of the current study is to provide a comprehensive review of literatures and industry practices in relation to constraint analysis and outline a conceptual framework for constraint management. Particularly, the study has the St following sub-objecti To provide a comprehensive review of sources and characteristics of constraints typically found in construction projects; 2. To develop a constraint classification method for easier constraint identification and modeling; 3. To review current industry practices and researches in regards to constraint modeling; 4. To outline a conceptual framework for total constraint management. The result of this study will be valuable to the industry practitioners as well as related ter practice and tools for constraint management and software providers in developing be look-ahead scheduling. 1008) in his book entitled Construction Planning and Scheduli Objectives provide @ list of gool thot will be achieved through the proposed research. Stated differenth What ore the benefits /impoct (e.g. better understanding, improved productivity ...) that will be generated if the research problem is answered? Literature review provides a summary of previous related researches According to Hinze (2 Ballard (2000) in his disse He proposed that... tation developed a last planner system of production control.Wcanwhile, Chua & Shen (2001) proposed a constraint modeling and buffer management wth integrated production scheduler. Their proposal containe: Finally, Sriprasert & Dawood (2002) identified the requirements identification for 4D constraint-based construction planning and control system. They posit that... The preliminary literature review shows that past studies are primarily focused on understanding and modeling a particular type of constraint, such as technological, contractual, resource, spatial, and Information constraints. Limited progress has been made on classifying constraints according to their characteristics in a comprehensive manner. In terms of modeling and resolving constraints, various approaches have been recommended. For exemple, many CPM-based methods are applied to deal with time-related constraints. Knowledge-based systems were used to automate work plan generation. Network-based optimization algorithms were developed to resolve constraints and databases and visualization techniques, such as 3D, 4D, and Virtual Reality (VR) are used to communicate and visualize constraints (Sriprasert & Dawood, 2002). What is missing from the past studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints in construction projects, hence, this study. onthe research problem) thelr svengite and weaknesses, and qi justification of your research. This answers the following questions: What is known? What have been done by others? And, why your research is still necessary? Documentation of all information taken from various sources using APA style in citation is must in this part. V. Methodology The primary research method for this Constraint identification and classification toward a “zero-constraint” environment. study is literature review and conceptual modeling. through a structured approach Is the very first step Research methodology defines the research methods ond logic steps. This answers the following questions: Whot to do and how to solve the problem and, achieve proposed objectives? Which research methods (e.g. survey, modeling, case study...) will be used? Scanned with CarThis study will fist review various types of constraints In construction and thelr ‘characteristics. Based on this understanding, a classification method wil be developed to categorize constraint factors for the purpose of constraint Identification ond modeling. Inthe second stage of this study, existing constraint modeling methods wil be identified based on ‘2 comprehensive review of current industry practices and academic researches. Finlly, once the constraint classification and modeling techniques are identified, a concepival framework for total constraint management will be outed. ‘This study will be conducted between August and November, 2018. ‘A research pion may be attached, If necessar List of References: Ballard, G. 2000. Lost planner system of pracuction control. Unpublithed Dissertation, | All factual material that is not University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. ‘original with you must be accompanied by a reference to its source. The APA ‘Chua, D. & Shen, L. J. 2001.Constraint modeling ond buffer management with integrated. style for reference and dations reduction scheduler. Proceedings of International Conferences on Lean Construction | "commended 2001, Singopore. Hinze, J. W. 2008. Construction planning and scheduling (3rd ed.) New Jersey: Pearson, Sriprasert, E, & Dawood, N. 2002. Requirements identification for 4D consttcint-based ‘construction planning and cantrol system. Proceedings of CIB W78 conference on Distributing Knowledge in Building, Aarhus, Oenmark. = Scanned with Car