i

CASES OF ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM BEHAVIOUR; SMART SHAMING

A Research Paper
Submitted to the Faculty of
Ramon M. Durano Sr. Foundation –
Science and Technology Education Center
Banaba, Guinsay, Danao City

In Partial Fulfillment for the Academic

Requirements for
INQUIRY, INVESTIGATION, AND IMMERSION
(Qualitative Research)

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By:
Raf Capillanes
Tom Elly Capul
Harold Peter Loro
Martin John Capul
Khyzle Mae Banga
Vince Mark Suycano
Chariz Mae Enriquez
Froscia Mae Bonhoc
Juliet Yvonne Baguio

Jennifer Perminoff
(Adviser)

January 2020
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

The research entitled “CASES OF ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM BEHAVIOUR; SMART

SHAMING” prepared and submitted by Raf Capillanes, Froscia Mae Bonhoc, Vince
Mark Suycano, Chariz Mae Enriquez, Juliet Yvonne Baguio, Tom Elly Capul,
Martin John Capul, Khyzle Mae Banga, Harold Peter Loro inpartial fulfillment in
Academic Requirement for Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research).
STUDENT’S RESEARCH COMMITTEE

MARIBETH E. NOYA, MAEd

Principal II

ARQUE G. BEDUYA, Ph. D.

Chairman

EDILBERTO M. HINAY JR., MAED, MAComm.

ELISUR G. FLORES, Dev. Ed. D.
Adviser
Member

PANEL OF ORAL EXAMINERS

EDILBERTO M. HINAY JR., MAED, MAComm.

JENNIFER PERMINOFF
Adviser
Member

NILO CAPUYAN JR.

Member
iii
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Chapter 1
Background of the Study

RATIONALE

One of the alarming troubles in our society these days is discrimination.

Discrimination is treating or presenting to treat, a person unfavorably because of a

private characteristic. One extraordinary shape of discrimination is smart-shaming or

mocking a person for being witty and intellectual. As defined via Hofstadter (1963),

intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. It is the

critical, creative, and contemplative facet of mind. However, intellect isn't always

praised, instead its miles shamed. Thus, it is commonplace that wise ones acquire

negative feedback for sharing their logical thoughts. Smart-shaming is a way of making

someone feel uncomfortable and ashamed for who they're and what they're capable of.

It is the act of belittling someone whose reviews and information are an excessive

amount of to comprehend. There are about 50.7 million students in the international 30

% of them are honor students. More than half of these students be afflicted by smart-

shaming.

According to Vaughan (2017), clever-shaming means a collection of people

mocking someone for being smarter than they are. Actual clever-shaming takes vicinity

in school, where a number of the greater confident, much less wise youngsters will

mock their extra studious peers. These scenarios regularly happen all through elegance

recitation wherein smart ones might percentage their mindful thoughts or even after they

might need to percentage in addition examples in their topic. Same is going via while

their text papers are returned and students will begin comparing each other’s scores.
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The smarter ones might be teased or made amusing of for their higher grades. In

addition, (Pieraz, 2018) said that even in normal communication with friends, the clever

one will get poor and rude feedback once he/she shared statistics either simple or

complex. He or she may also get glares whilst giving a wealthy and sturdy opinion

approximately something. Lastly, the most popular element is while correcting a person,

the smart ones are not handiest judged but also made amusing of.

According to Secillano (2016), clever-shaming discourages human beings to try

to be smarter, hinders humans from expressing themselves freely, puts a poor

stereotype to the smart ones, makes us suppose we’re not clever enough and confuses

a person to pursue a passion. Well this in fact might be true, in any case, this ought no

longer be surely the case considering that we ourselves need to acquire our dreams in

lifestyles and doesn’t want poor comments from others either. This solitary reason ought

to be inculcated to our brains to as a minimum diminish those baffling jokes for those

who fanatically attempt to analyze and percentage new thoughts and thoughts.

This rampant trend of smart-shaming individuals is additionally noted as anti-

intellectualism. In line with rosid dicot genus (2015), “Anti-intellectualism is outlined

because the hostility and mistrust of intellectual pursuit. those that gift a typical

approach of thinking deemed a danger to normality, and are thought of outsiders with

very little sympathy for the remainder of the population.” this is often wherever the

concept of getting additional essential and intellection suggests that these individuals

are moralist or self-important. It’s as if society says that being sensible could be an

unhealthy factor.
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In thousands of public faculties within the U.S. and Western Europe,

“defactualization” is increasing exponentially. This trend is termed a contemporary sort

of anti-intellectualism. During this style of setting, those with the facts behind them

typically don't prevail. Instead, debates are won by those with the loudest mouths and

also the solon ability to control the emotions of others. As a result, the overwhelming

majority of scholars at each the high school and university level hold views supported a

scarcity of proof and an excess of biased opinions. Some individuals tend to merely go

together with the flow while not even thinking critically regarding the subject particularly

after they do not very grasp a lot of about it. They favor to be news less and uncritical;

they reject facts in favor of opinions. It sounds like aesthetics are currently additional

vital than the art of appreciating true substance (Jeynes, 2015).

Within the Philippine setting, smart-shaming is prevalent. As if intelligence is not

any longer a blessing, it’s an additional sort of a curse. It ought to be one thing to be

happy with and to not be shamefaced of. Technically, some Filipinos do not just like the

plan of getting somebody higher or smarter than they are. Crab- mentality they assert. If

somebody cannot have it, everyone shouldn't. That rather than encouraging to continue

the pursuit of information and sharing of recent concepts they'd mock and tease the

intelligent ones. Another factor is Filipinos decide on quality and mediocrity to the

purpose that they'd simply believe things while not additional analysis. They like things

that are already done. They’d like gossip than facts. Once they hear philosophical

answers or statements, they'd shame the person. Rather than being curious, they're

going to attack those that are which is tragic. Having totally different thoughts or sharing

sturdy opinions isn't very amused that's why the intelligent ones suspend their
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reasoning. These are the those who suppose and don't seem to be afraid to question

authority after they grasp that one thing is wrong (CynthiaAP, 2016).

This smart-shaming case of few Filipinos partly shows their cognitive content.

This doesn't mean that they're feebleminded however it means they have a tendency to

ascertain intelligence as a negative attribute. One simple example is throughout

elections of Philippine Politics. A number of them appear to ascertain intelligence as a

negative quality of a candidate similar to what they assert happened before throughout

the 1992 presidential elections. Legislator Miriam Santiago lost against Fidel Ramos

because of some perceived her sturdy temperament and high intelligence skeptically.

On the contrary, few Filipinos voted for candidates United Nations agency are simply

better known for his or her quality within the showbiz business and not by their

capability and intelligence. They are doing not just like the plan of getting ‘too smart’

officers as a result of it intimidates them. (Sta. Romana, 2015)

There is a developing trend of shaming folks that make the effort to learn extra

and percentage their expertise with others. As if intelligence is now a legal responsibility

and scratching underneath the floor is a negative, invalidating thoughts that go against

the grain seems to be extra common than being intrigued sufficient to appearance

further. We ostracize people who think outdoor the box and say, "Ikaw na ang

magaling!" ("Aren't you the excellent one?")

Instead of mocking a person for using a phrase we don't know or for asking a

question we never notion of, why no longer look up concepts which are overseas to us,

in preference to brushing off them as pointless and saying, "Why not ask approximately
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a new concept that leaves us stumped as opposed to mocking its beginning or

mockingly saying, "Eh di wow!”

We find ourselves at a unique time on the topic of anti-intellectualism. With the

media saturated with corruption, absence of discipline, and gradual development. We

question ourselves “What are we doing wrong?” We ought to admit that we have an ego

problem. We don’t necessarily need to cast off it, but rather, we want to place it in

check.

Towards taking an active role against this problem, a symposium changed into

held to raise cognizance of this problem. The opening consultation set out to expand

upon the concept of anti-intellectualism. As the session advanced, it delved upon its

stigma inside individuals, society, and even economically in the paintings force. The

organization changed into able to point out that civil and intellectual discourse along

with positive arguments are uncommon in our society due to the fact we take the whole

thing on a personal level. Smart-shaming devolves our improvement as we turn out to

be reliant on “recipe knowledge” as a supply of complacency. We have forgotten to

think seriously and practice our interest in inquiry.

Particularly in classrooms, where students are engaged and socializing with

people having a diverse set of backgrounds. Students supposed to participate and play

the roles as a student such as having interactions and activities. Thus, anti-

intellectualism can happen with students that are willing to share profound ideas but

hesitates to try in the thought of being smart-shame.

Statement of Purpose
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This study investigated the cases involving Anti-intellectualism and will provide

countermeasures.

Theoretical-Conceptual Framework

Theories are used to guide the have a look at which will advantage and

strengthen the credibility of the facts gathered. It can be a guide throughout the final

touch of the studies look at. The theories that have been inclined in the take a look at

are the “Kapwa” principle of Virgilio Enriquez, “Multiple Intelligence” principle of Howard

Gardner and “Strain Theory” of Robert Merton.

In Filipino psychology, Doc E's Kapwa principle gives a reason for togetherness

that it is the core shape of our psyche and also states that conformity, empathy, and

social courting which aren't bad ought to have importance. However, a culture of

mistrust towards individualism and elitism turned into delivered by means of Spaniards

and Americans. Under their supervision of the religious orders, faculties have

emphasized secondary and higher schooling for some than promoting number one

training for the masses. For the extraordinary mass of Filipinos, it's far either that

they've received no education in any respect or learned most effective the mechanical

tactics of reading and writing without much contribution to one’s capability for

independent thought as it's miles determined that students have been tended to speak

best what they've heard or memorized. These values are related with high education.

The principle makes senses of some things however, it might have more addressed if

education is equal. Possible that smart-shaming will remain till the field is a little more
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level. The togetherness of Filipinos is one in every of their remarkable values. However,

they have to no longer use their togetherness to somewhat rely on mediocrity and lack

of expertise (Baygan, 2016).

This way that Doc E's “Kapwa” principle is trying to explain the source of anti-

intellectualism. In addition, this theory wants to save you anti-intellectualism. However,

the colonization hinders its aim. The “Kapwa” concept desires to present the way it

contributes to smart-shaming. It explains that some Filipinos lack in a right environment

that is why it's miles tough to release intellectualism to the people. The Philippine

Statistics Authority (2010) said that the phenomenon of anti-intellectualism within the

form of smart-shaming is that 25% of the population is underneath the poverty line, and

54% of the populace have by no means finished high school meaning there are many

Filipinos who've the tendency to smart-disgrace. The reality that existence right here is

quite bad and nearly half of the Filipinos did not finish education, they have the

tendency to be ignorant and use their lack of awareness as their protection mechanism.

Instead of them in some way being ashamed of themselves, they smart-disgrace the

intellectuals. To fee expertise and intelligence more, those Filipinos have to have

access and possibilities to schooling.

This “Kapwa” principle could assist the researchers’ examine to recognize the

Filipinos mind-set on smart-shaming. This would additionally assist researchers to make

Filipinos conscious to recognize that their reputation to intellectuals is based on their

togetherness. This concept also shows the academic heritage and lifestyles of Filipinos

before that might function the researchers’ viable basis.

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The second theory to aid the take a look at was Howard Gardner’s Multiple

Intelligence that identifies the seven distinct intelligences of human beings. This idea

has emerged to which students possess exclusive kinds of minds and consequently

learn, remember, perform, and recognize in specific ways. According to this theory,

"Everyone is capable to recognize the sector thru language, logical-mathematical

analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, use of frame to solve or make things,

expertise of other people, and know-how of themselves. Where people differ in the

energy of those intelligences - the so-called profile of intelligences and in the ways

wherein such intelligences are invoked and mixed to carry out special tasks, remedy

numerous problems, and progress in numerous domains."

This principle of more than one intelligence is related to the study because it

explains that everybody is smart. However, people tend to generalize intelligences in

just linguistic/ mathematical shape. Thus, smart-shaming takes place because it only

specializes in the intellectual capacity of people inside the educational field.

The ultimate principle to aid the take a look at is Robert Merton’s Strain Theory

which elucidates people want to reap certain goals but in one of a kind way. Ways that

the society might bear in mind as deviant. It is labeled in 4 ways: innovation, ritualism,

retreatism and rebellion. Innovation where a few people do have an acceptable goal but

have unacceptable manner of doing it. Ritualism is once they have an unacceptable

desire however would eventually conform. Retreatism is once they could have deviant

goals and manner in doing things. Last would be rebellion wherein these humans

reached their quantity to the point that they could do acts that simply are unacceptable

like suicide- bombing.

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Knowing that intellectuals are progressive and experimental in their own

objectives and method. This concept supports the take a look at as it gives an

understanding that smart-shaming takes place because the intellectuals who are

modern and experimental are in some way resisting what the society is used to, defying

the norms, way of life and tradition.

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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Significance of the Study

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This study would be beneficial to students, teachers, parents and school

administrators and to the future researchers because this will help determine the

implications of smart-shaming to students specifically it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What do the students feel whenever they experience smart-shaming?

2. How does smart-shaming affect the students’ along:

a) Academic Involvement;

b) Self-Esteem; and

c) Socialization.

3. How do students cope with smart-shaming?

Scopes and Limitations

This study followed the qualitative design research engaged with the

phenomenological approach. The topic that was investigated is all about the experience

of individuals who went through the state of being smart-shamed. Individuals found in

the school premises such as; students, teachers, principal, school personnel etc. are

the source of data of the researchers. The researchers would interview at least 10

persons (students, teachers, personnel) to know their experiences upon being smart-

shamed. The researchers would interview the chosen individuals personally and the

researchers would use an interview guide to serve as their instruments in collecting

data. The researchers would also prepare questionnaires for the interviewees. The
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information collected would be the instrument of the researchers guide to illustrate the

data and the expected duration of time will only be 1 month.

Operational Definition of Terms

To facilitate better understanding the following terms would be defined

operationally according to its use in the study.

Intellectual- having the ability to think in a logical way.

Animosity- a strong feeling or dislike or hatred

Appraisal- the act of judging the value, condition, or importance of something.

Cognizance- knowledge or awareness of something.

Conformity- to state or show that something is true or correct.

Defactualization- to remove facts from or to make no longer factual.

Holistic- relating to or concerned with complete systems rather than with individual

parts.

Inculcate- to cause something to be learned by someone by repeating it again and

again.

Mediocrity- the quality of something that is not very good.

Solitay- separate from other people or things.

Stigma- a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a society or group of people have

about something.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-

depth search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the art,

theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done and

lastly the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study.

Related Literature

This paper concurred with the theory and research (Brosch, et.Al, 2013) which

evaluated how cognitive processing and emotional responses are related and found that

people gain from a greater thorough appraisal of an emotional pleasure in. The initial

reason of this paper became explanatory and designed to measure whether smart

shaming is an emotional reaction. Thus, we hypothesized whether tiers of emotion law

predict clever-shaming tendency.

Related Readings

Smart-Shaming

This part to start with explains the core construct of smart-shaming tendency. We

based the relationship between clever-shaming and emotion law from a look at

(Schmeichel et.Al, 2003) examined the function of the self in an intelligent idea and

found that complex wondering is based on self-regulatory resources. This follows that

intelligent behavior relies upon partly on self-law. They similarly observed that

individuals who had been emotionally aroused depletes the executive characteristic and
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seem to be impaired by ego depletion. We taken into consideration the previous

statement as the constituent of clever shaming tendency as they determined that mental

procedures demand the self's executive feature and appear like impaired by using ego-

depletion.

Ego-depletion can be inferred via impaired logical reasoning that required an

active self-regulation and cognitive functioning. Thus, we’ve taken into consideration the

concept of clever shaming because the endpoint of an emotional arousal and some

complex questioning which require a lively self-regulation. This pertains to a deliberate

wondering and logical reasoning which can be all parts of self-regulating procedures.

Followed in an observe (De Wall, C. N., 2008) defined the notion of ego-depletion which

a temporary reduction of the self’s capacity or willingness is to interact in complex

project. This brief discount of one’s ability for a complex challenge has been considered

as the highbrow dimension of human experience. A complicated undertaking requires

one to apply logical reasoning (Baumeister et. Al., 2007).

Hence, intellectual hobbies require an energetic work of cognitive processing.

This paper considers some elements of cognitive reappraisal method that can be

depleted with deliberate thinking and reasoning. In truth, a crucial early have a look at

(Glass et al., 1969) concluded that adjusting to unpredictable and ugly studies contain a

"psychic cost," which includes depletion of the mind. Generally, everybody could agree

that expertise is power. However, why is it that there are humans who are happy with

the truth that they may be dumb? Virgilio Enriquez in addition defined the concept of

clever-shaming within the Philippines. He defined that from the time whilst our country
 15

was colonized by Spaniards, Filipinos have fixated in their psyche to distrust constructs

which are associated with Western tradition like individualism or elitism.

To emphasize the mistrust for individualism and elitism, Raphael Rodriguez

indicated the causes of perceived conceitedness and closed mindedness. This

perception of humans with shaming tendency encompasses of people’s evaluation and

thoughts. This assessment and thoughts stem from one’s personal preliminary arousal

(Frijda, 1986). We also considered clever-shaming as a discrete social phenomenon.

The scope of shaming has emerge as much less predictable and may have a capacity

harm to one’s reputation. For example, the shaming content can be accessed from

anywhere inside the global and can be shared at the internet.

Related Studies

Emotion Regulation

Some studies (Baas, De Dreu, & Nijstad, 2011; Lawson & Ruff, 2004) concurred

that failure to adjust emotion decreases cognitive capabilities. In different words, this

emotional arousal interferes with cognitive functions which includes perception,

motivation and selection making. In the case of suppression, a study (Gross and

Levenson, 1993) asserted that people have expressive styles. They similarly explained

that people differ as to whether they are emotionally expressive or emotionally

inexpressive. We claimed that even whilst individuals are emotionally inexpressive, the

emotional experience constantly require cognitive reappraisal (Clore and Ortony 2000).

Individuals with excessive cognitive reappraisal have mentioned decreased poor

emotionality (Memedovic et.Al, 2010). This entails the energy to control an emotional
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experience. Emphasizing the belief, people with excessive reappraisal are much less

probably to enjoy poor feelings because they have the strength to take manage over

situations. In fact, a study (Gross & John, 2003) suggested that people frequently use

reappraisal method are generally enjoy greater high-quality feelings and much less bad

emotions and display superior functioning in interpersonal domains throughout self and

others. Thus, cognitive reappraisal of situational signs and symptoms of arousal can

trade subsequent affective reports. However, a few studies (Tangney et al., 2007;

Tilghman et.Al, 2008) argued that unpleasant reviews can be externalized closer to

other people and determined that excessive reappraisal is the constituent to regulate

negative emotion. This change of terrible emotion is externalized. In other words,

negative emotional arousal evokes emotional revel in (subject for reappraisal) and

thereby forces an emotional reaction. The externalization of blame asserted with the aid

of Tangney (2007) serves as an emotional reaction. This emotional reactivity was

concurred in a study (Bynum and Goodie, 2014) discovered that shame (unpleasant

enjoy) elicits avoidance via externalizing the terrible emotion towards different people

within the service of self-protection. This emphasizes the complexity of cognitive

capabilities. We argued that smartshaming is an endpoint of reappraisal strategy that

publications perception, motivation and behaviors of people.

Smart Shaming

A study (Aquino, 2016) stated that Filipinos have the tendency to come to be

demotivated to examine English language due to fear of committing mistakes, lack of

resources and evaluated poorly with the aid of others. Hence, we emphasised the

perception that these emotional reports are brought about via cognitive regulation of
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ideals and attitudes. Julia Jasmine Madrazo-Sta. Romana published a piece of writing

entitled, “Smart-shaming and our Pinoy subculture of anti-intellectualism” and discussed

about the phenomenon of clever-shaming in the Philippines. Consequently, Sta,

Romana said that up to at the moment intellectuals are seen as intimidating and instead

we have fun mediocrity and ignorance. Akin to this look at, Rodriguez, R. D. (In Press)

performed a study entitled, “Isang pagsusuri ng penomenon ng Smart-Shaming sa mga

Pilipinong gumagamit ng Facebook”, used the Online Smart Shaming Scale. Rodriguez

built the gadgets in Filipino language and taken into consideration the reasons,

motivations and behaviors of humans on social media.

Social Media Communication

Globally, majority have Facebook account and other social media platforms

(Ellison et.al., 2007) and found that social networking sites such as Facebook is

common on college campuses and is likely a crucial component of young adults’

interaction. Likewise, an increasing interest to know online behaviors is significant

among younger generations as it fosters social interaction by posting information

(Bolton et al. 2013). All respondents of our study have Facebook accounts and obtained

data from selected individuals with age range of 18-43 years old.

In a study (Peck, 2011 & Carvajal, A., 2014) identified four levels of

communication that occurs in social networking sites including Facebook. The four

levels constitute of phatic, gut-level, factual, and evaluative. First, phatic is the small talk

of communicating or catchy but short messages. For our Online Smart Shaming Scale

(OSS), we implied phatic in the motivational facet of “just to say something” or

thoughtless statements that are usually expressed. Second, factual is the sharing of
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information, based on events, observation and knowledge gained. Factual information

component of the OSS for the causes of perceived arrogance and closed-mindedness

is the basis to measure indicators of people with smart shaming tendency. Third, gut

level pertains to the sharing of personal and emotional feelings, usually shared with

friends. For the personal posts, the OSS scale emphasized an indicator under

unacceptable social media behavior by posting personal things about love life, problems

with family or anything that must be kept personal. Lastly, evaluative offers opinions,

ideas and judgments on specific topics and on other people. Evaluative is relative to

factual and measures the same tendency for smartshaming tendency. The Online

Smart Shaming Scale was constructed in 36 statements and divided into four (4)

components of smart-shaming namely; (1) Causes, (2) Motivation, (3) Behaviors, (4)

Unacceptable Social Media Behavior. The study (Peck & Carvajal, 2014) found that

Facebook is highly valued on phatic and gut-level of communications. For this reason,

however, we used social media communication to leverage the Factual and Evaluative

level of communication on social networking sites offered in the 21st century.

H1: Levels of emotion-regulation predicts smart-shaming tendency

H2: High and Low expression suppression scores differ for smart-shaming

H3: High and Low cognitive reappraisal scores differ for smart-shaming

Akin to our study, smart shaming can be inferred as an endpoint of poor cognitive

reappraisal and expression suppression strategies thereby promoting irrational and

selfish acts. Given the nature of technology, this study presented trends on social media

communication in the 21st century. Thereby increase relative phenomenon that is very
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timely. Exposure to future researchers to deepen understanding of the distinct role of

emotion regulation in controlling irrational beliefs and actions for an effective

communication would be of value in the field of social psychology.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study is considered to be a Qualitative Research in which phenomenological

design is used. Creswell (1994) defined qualitative research as “an inquiry process of

understanding a social or human problem based on building a complex, holistic picture

formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted on a natural

setting.” It expresses personal human behavior, ideas, subject, and interest because

there is a need to understand the habit and characteristics of its relation to the study.

The researchers believe that it is appropriate to use this kind of research to

gather information about the implications of smart-shaming to the honor students.

Thus, the study requires detailed words rather than statistical numbers. It requires the

use of standardized measures in order to fit the different context and experiences of the

honor students into a limited number of fixed response to categories to which numbers

are assigned through the use of Thematic Analysis.

To be more specific, researches used Phenomenological Research Design which

is based on what people do based on what they think. It is an approach to a qualitative

research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular

group. This is suitable to the study because it will give a description of the nature of the
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particular phenomenon that will further understand the said phenomenon. It also refers

to the experiences that are relevant to a path towards understanding by conducting

interviews, reading documents, visiting places and events. It examines the uniqueness

of individuals’ live situations and reality of life (Creswell, 2007).

Research Environment

This study was conducted at Ramon M. Durano Sr. Foundation – Science and

Technology Education Center. Researchers used a non-probability purposive sampling

having only selected students who experienced smart-shaming. This is to know what

they feel and the cases they have about it. With the non-probability sampling the

number of people interviewed is less important than the criteria used to select them.

The characteristics and class standing of the participants were used as the basis of

selection.
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Figure 2. Location Map of Research Environment

Research Informants

The informants of the study were the students of Ramon M. Durano Sr.

Foundation – Science and Technology Education Center. Selecting 10 informants, 2 of

those were related with the researchers while 8 were taken from junior high students.

Research Instrument

The study was administered to students of Ramon M. Durano Sr. Foundation –

Science and Technology Education Center, specifically the ones who experienced

smart-shaming. In collecting significant information required for the study, those

students were asked for a face-to-face interview for the sharing of their experiences.

The researchers used triangulation of method wherein observation and interview

will be practiced to gather the necessary data. For the observation, it required a deep

understanding and a focus mind to the topic and participants to point out the main idea

of the study. While in the interview designed to generate participant’s perspective,

researchers prepared objective questions to achieve relevant and detailed answers

needed for the research. The interview questions, generally pertains to answer what are

the implications of smart-shaming to the students and how they deal with it.

Data Gathering Procedure

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The interview, which is the main method to be used is a face-to- face interview

sessions that are invariably scheduled in obliging the time of the participants. Both

participants and the researchers agreed that the identity of the participants will remain

esoteric and confidential. The data to be gathered during the interview was

documented through writing notes and recording both audios and videos to ensure

accuracy. Certain measures were followed during the process of gathering of data.

Researchers made sure that every participant willingly agreed for the interview and are

not forced or harmed. They were comfortable and secured about their identities and

answers. After the interview proper, researchers will go back to the participants to

assure that they approve to share the results. All data collected are for research

purposes only and not to be taken against the participants.

Treatment of Data

The data gathered were analyzed and evaluated. In order to analyze the

qualitative data, thematic analysis shall be used. This will treat the data in which it will

be drawn out from the interview. Braun and Clark (2006) stated that thematic analysis

is a foundational method of analysis that needed to be defined and described to solidify

its place in qualitative research. Thematic analysis is a flexible data analysis plan that

qualitative researches use to generate themes from interview data. This data analysis

plan is perfect for both novice and expert qualitative researchers because the steps are

easy to follow but rigorous enough to generate meaningful findings from the data. From

the data to be collected, the data analysis plan will help the researchers to gain and

increase their knowledge and insights. It will also empower the understanding of

researchers in order to fully understand and analyze the study because it will make the
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data collected organized and results will be clearer and more understandable because

this mode is systematic and process-oriented.