Design a simple surge tank for one unit for the following data
Given
Upstream MSL                    =               500 m
Downstream MSL                  =               200 m
Discharge in 48Hrs              =         15000000 m3
Low pressure tunnel
Length, Lt                      =              4000 m
Diameter, dt                    =                 8m
Friction factor,λ               =             0.028
High pressure penstock(4nos.)
Length, Lp                      =               500 m
Diameter, dp                    =                 2m
Friction factor,λ               =             0.016
SOLUTION:
Discharge, Q                    =      86.80555556 m3s-1
Discharge in 1unit, Q0          =      21.70138889 m3s-1
Area of tunnel, At              =             50.24 m2
Area of penstock, Ap            =              3.14 m2
Velocity in tunnel, V0          =      1.727817587 ms-1
velocity in penstock, Vp        =      6.911270347 ms-1
Head loss in tunnel, P0         =      2.130221742 m
Head loss in penstock, hfp      =      9.738156535 m
Net head, H0                    =      288.1316217 m
Area of surge tank, As
 >V02AtLt/2gP0H0            >    49.8185018 m2
Applying FOS=2              =   99.63700359 m2
Diameter of surge tank
      ds                    =   7.966370542 m
                            =             8m
Maximum upsurge
r=(gAt/LtAs)1/2             =   0.049731779
Z0=Q0Asr                    =   8.759168377 m
                            =            8.8 m
K*0=P0/Zmax                 =   0.243199086
For sudden load rejection
Z*max=1-2K*0/3+K2*0/9       =   0.844439031
Maximum upsurge, Zmax
      =Z*max*Z0             =   7.396583657 m
                            =            7.4 m
Maximum downsurge
Z*min=-1/(1+7K*0/3)         =   -0.63797297
        Zmin                =   -5.58811264 m
                            =           -5.6 m
For sudden load demand
Z*min=-1-0.125K*0           =   -1.03039989 m
Maximum downsurge, Zmin
        Zmin                =   -9.02544609 m
=   -9.1 m
he following data
100-0
0-100-0
0-100
100-0-100