Scribd
Upload
96 views2 pages

Kyoto Protocol

The three flexibility mechanisms established in the Kyoto Protocol to help countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions are: 1) Joint implementation allows countries to invest in emission reduction projects in other countries to meet their own targets. 2) Emissions trading allows countries to trade excess emission allowances if they emit less than permitted. 3) The Clean Development Mechanism allows countries to carry out emission reduction projects in developing countries and receive credits towards meeting their own targets, providing sustainable development benefits. Additionality must be proved to ensure credits are only given to projects that reduce emissions beyond what would occur otherwise.

Uploaded by

akkemsailaja2402
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
96 views2 pages

Kyoto Protocol

The three flexibility mechanisms established in the Kyoto Protocol to help countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions are: 1) Joint implementation allows countries to invest in emission reduction projects in other countries to meet their own targets. 2) Emissions trading allows countries to trade excess emission allowances if they emit less than permitted. 3) The Clean Development Mechanism allows countries to carry out emission reduction projects in developing countries and receive credits towards meeting their own targets, providing sustainable development benefits. Additionality must be proved to ensure credits are only given to projects that reduce emissions beyond what would occur otherwise.

Uploaded by

akkemsailaja2402
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

DO YOU KNOW ?

: REDUCING GHG EMISSIONS: THE KYOTO


MECHANISMS
The Kyoto Protocol has put in place three flexibility mechanisms to reduce emission of Green House
Gases. Although the Protocol places maximum responsibility of reducing emissions on the developed
countries by committing them to specific emission targets, the three mechanisms are based on the
premise that reduction of emissions in any part of the globe will have the same desired effect on the
atmosphere, and also that some developed countries might find it easier and more cost effective to
support emissions reductions in other developed or developing countries rather than at home. These
mechanisms thus provide flexibility to the Annexure I countries, helping them to meet their emission
reduction obligations. Let us take a look at what these mechanisms are.
What are the three flexibility mechanisms put in place of the Kyoto Protocol for reducing
GHG emission?
 The three mechanisms are joint implementation. Emissions Trading and Clean Development
What is Joint Implementation?
 Through the Joint Implementation, any Annex I country can invest in emission reduction
projects (referred to as joint Implementation Project) in any other Annex I country as an
alternative to reducing emissions domestically.
 Two early examples are change from a wet to a dry process at a Ukraine cement works,
reducing energy consumption by 53 percent by 2008-2012; and rehabilitation of a Bulgarian
hydropower project, with a 267,000 ton reduction of C02 equivalent during 2008-2012.
What is Clean Development Mechanism?
 The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows-'l developed country with an emission
reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to implement an
emission reduction project in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive
emission reductions in their own countries. In exchange for the amount of reduction In
emission thus achieved, the investing gets carbon credits which it can offset against its Kyoto
targets. The developing country gains a Step towards sustainable development.
 To get a CDM project registered and implemented, the investing country' has to first take
approval from the designated national authority in the host country, establish "Additionally",
define baselines and get the project validated by a third party agency, called a Designated
Operational Entity (DOE). The Executive Body of CDM registers the project and issues credits,
called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), or carbon credits, where each unit is equivalent to
the reduction of one metric tonne of. C02 or its equivalent. There are more than 4200 CDM
projects in the pipeline as on 14.3.2010. The expected CERs till the end of2012 is
2,900,000,000
What is "Additionality" in a CDM project ?
 The feature of "additionality" is a crucial element of a CDM project it means that the
industrialized country that is seeking to establish the CDM project in the developing country
and earns carbon credits from it has to establish that the planned carbon reductions would not
have occurred on its own, in the absence of the CDM project. They have to establish a
baseline of the project. Which is the emission level that would have been there in the absence
of the project. The difference between this baseline level and the (lower) emission level
achieved as a result of the project is the carbon credit due to the investing country
What are some of the concerns regarding CDM ?
 The risk of “false Credits" is a cause for concern with regard to CDM projects. If a project does
not actually offer an additionally and the reduction in emission would have happened anyway
Even without the project.
What is emmissions trading?
As per this, if a country has emission units to spare (i.e., emissions permitted to them but not used), it
can sell its excess capacity to countries that over their targets.

You might also like