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Q.1) Where the supreme court of India located in

A. New Delhi
B. Kolkata
C. Chennai
D. Mumbai

Correct Answer: New Delhi

Q.2) Which of the following is not the work of judiciary

A. Dispute resolution
B. Making of Law
C. Judicial review
D. Upholding the law

Correct Answer: Making of Law

Q.3) Judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the
Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the
Constitution. This is called

A. Enforcing fundamental rights

B. Law Making
C. Judicial review
D. Dispute resolution

Correct Answer: Judicial review

Q.4) There are ___ different levels of courts in our country

A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4

Correct Answer: 3

Q.5) At the top is the _____ that is located in New Delhi

A. District Court
B. Subordinate Court
C. Supreme Court
D. High Court
Correct Answer: Supreme Court

Q.6) ____ are equal before law

A. All people
B. President
C. Lawyers
D. Ministers

Correct Answer: All people

Q.7) Which right was included in article 21

A. Right to speak
B. Right to health
C. Right to information
D. Right to education

Correct Answer: Right to health

Q.8) ___ Deals with any harm or injury to rights

A. State law
B. Court law
C. Criminal law
D. Civil law

Correct Answer: Civil law

Q.9) The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different names
except

A. Chief Judicial Magistrate

B. Additional Sessions Judge
C. Trial Court or the Court of the District Judge
D. Apex court

Correct Answer: Apex court

Q.10) PIL stands for

A. Private International Litigation

B. Private Interest Legal
C. Public Interest Litigation
D. Public Interest Law

Correct Answer: Public Interest Litigation

Q.11) If any citizen believes that their rights are being violated, then they can
approach the ____ for justice to be done.

A. President
B. Court
C. Government
D. Politician

Correct Answer: Court

Q.12) Function like examine the witnesses in court is done by

A. Defence lawyer
B. Public prosecutor
C. Judge
D. Police

Correct Answer: Judge

Q.13) Hashimpura is in

A. Meerut
B. Allahabad
C. Lucknow
D. Agra

Correct Answer: Meerut

Q.14) High Courts were first established in which of 3 presidency cities?

A. Punjab, Gujarat , Rajasthan

B. Calcutta, Madras, Bombay
C. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
D. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya

Correct Answer: Calcutta, Madras, Bombay

Q.15) A mechanism of PIL was devised in which year

A. 1980
B. 1995
C. 1990
D. 2001

Correct Answer: 1980

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
What is the system consisting of courts which interpret the constitution and award
judgement?
(a) Judiciary
(b) Parliament
(c) Police
(d) Legislative

Answer
Answer: (a) Judiciary

Question 2.
What is the term used for money given to make amends for an injury or a loss?
(a) Donation
(b) Compensation
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer
Answer: (b) Compensation

Question 3.
What is the act of breaking a law as well as to the breach or infringement of
Fundamental Rights?
(a) Violation
(b) Acquit
(c) Dispute
(d) All of these

Answer
Answer: (a) Violation
Question 4.
Judiciary in India resolves the disputes between
(a) State and State
(b) State and Citizen
(c) Citizen and Citizen
(d) All the above

Answer
Answer: (d) All the above

Question 5.
Who is the final interpreter of our Constitution?
(a) Judiciary
(b) Government
(c) Executive
(b) Legislative

Answer
Answer: (a) Judiciary

Question 6.
Once appointed, a judge can be removed by:
(a) District judge
(b) Chief Minister
(c) Prime Minister
(d) None of above

Answer
Answer: (d) None of above
Question 7.
When was High Court under British Rule first established?
(a) In 1862
(b) In 1966
(c) In 1866
(d) In 1986

Answer
Answer: (a) In 1862

Question 8.
How many High Courts are there in India currently?
(a) 31
(b) 21
(c) 11
(d) 01

Answer
Answer: (b) 21

Question 9.
What type of cases are decided by under Civil Law?
(a) Divorce
(b) Rent matters
(c) Sale of land
(d) All the above

Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 10.
The removal of persons from land or homes that they are currently living in, is called
(a) violation
(b) eviction
(c) separation of power
(d) judiciary

Answer
Answer: (b) eviction

Question 11.
How many judges are there in Supreme Court?
(a) 26 judges
(b) 36 judges
(c) 46 judges
(d) 16 judges

Answer
Answer: (a) 26 judges

Match the following:

Column A Column B

(a) Dispute resolution (i) Solving of disputes

(b) Violation (ii) Judgment late

(c) Supreme Court (iii) Breaking of law

(d) Justice delayed (iv) Set up on 26 Jan, 1950

(e) High Court of Delhi (v) 1966

Answer
Answer:

Column A Column B

(a) Dispute resolution (i) Solving of disputes

(b) Violation (iii) Breaking of law

(c) Supreme Court (iv) Set up on 26 Jan, 1950

(d) Justice delayed (ii) Judgment late

(e) High Court of Delhi (v) 1966

State whether true or false:

1. The seven north-eastern states have a common High Court.

Answer
Answer: True

2. There are currently 27 High Courts in India.

Answer
Answer: False

3. There is only one Supreme Court in India.

Answer
Answer: True

4. A poor family may depend on daily wages.

Answer
Answer: True

5. The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of India.

Answer
Answer: True

Fill in the blanks:

1. Supreme Court is located in ……………….

Answer
Answer: New Delhi

2. The Indian Judiciary consists of one Supreme Court with ………………. Judges as on
26 November, 2007.

Answer
Answer: 26

3. Dowry case falls in a crime against …………………

Answer
Answer: society

4. India is a ………………. country.

Answer
Answer: democratic

5. On 26th Jan. 1950, India became ……………….

Answer
Answer: republic

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Answers Judiciary
Judiciary Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 5 Very Short
Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the present location of Supreme Court of India?
Answer:
Supreme Court of India is presently located at Tilak Marg, New Delhi.

Question 2.
When did the Supreme Court devise the mechanism of PIL?
Answer:
The Supreme Court devised the mechanism of Public Interest Litigation in
1980.

Question 3.
State the levels of court in our country.
Answr:
There are three different levels of courts in our country.

Question 4.
What is meant by the term ‘Acquit?
Answer:
This refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which
he/she was tried for by the court.

Question 5.
Write few example of the criminal law.
Answer:
Theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder, etc.

Question 6.
What is the full form of PIL?
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation.

Question 7.
What is the full form of FIR?
Answer:
First Investigation Report.

Question 8.
Name the three Presidency cities in which High Courts were first established.
Answer:
High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta,
Bombay and
Madras in 1862.

Question 9.
Is Indian judiciary is dependent or independent?
Answer:
Indian Judiciary is independent.

Question 10.
Write any one aspect of the independent judiciary.
Answer:
The main aspect of Independent Judiciary is no influence of others.

Question 11.
How many levels of court are there in India?
Answer:
There are 3 different level of courts in the country.

Question 12.
Which court is at the open level?
Answer:
The Supreme court of India.

Question 13.
Which is the Apex Court of any state?
Answer:
The High court of that state.

Question 14.
What is the meaning of integrated judicial system in respect to India?
Answer:
It means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower
courts.

Question 15.
Where does a person can appeal if they believe that decisions are made by
the lower court is not just?
Answer:
A person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgement
passed by the lower court is not just.

Question 16.
What is meant by compensation?
Answer:
This refers to the money given to make amends for an injury or loss.

Question 17.
In which year was the PIL mechanism was devised by the Supreme court?
Answer:
In 1980.

Question 18.
Which law deals with conduct or acts that the law defined as offences?
Answer:
Criminal law.

Question 19.
When was the Supreme court was established in India?
Answer:
The Supreme court was established on 26th Jan 1950 the day India became a
Republic.

Question 20.
What dopes FIR stands for?
Answer:
It stands for First investigation report.

Judiciary Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 5 Short

Answers Type

Question 1.
State the basic difference b/w criminal law and civil law.
Answer:
The basic difference is:
Criminal law: Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For
example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder.
Civil law: Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example,
disputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce
cases.

Question 2.
How does the Supreme Court ensure the protection of Fundamental Rights.
Answer:
Independence of judiciary allows the court to ensure the proper functioning of
executive and legislature. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the
Fundamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if
they believe that their rights have been violated.

Question 3.
What role does separation of power play in making independence of judiciary
successful? Answer:
One of the aspect of this independence is the separation of power which is the
key feature of the Constitution and this means that other branches of the state
like the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in the work of the
judiciary. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their
behalf.

Question 4.
What happened in the case ‘Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity vs State of
West Bengal’
(1996)?
Hakim Sheikh, an agricultural labourer, who fell from a running train and
injured himself and whose condition got worse because several hospitals
refused to admit him.

On this Supreme Court directed the West Bengal government to pay him
compensation for the loss suffered as well as to come up with a blueprint for
primary health care with particular reference to treatment of patients during an
emergency.

Question 5.
What is Judicial Review?
Answer:
As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also has the power to
strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these
are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called Judicial
Review.

Judiciary Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 5 Long

Answers Type
Question 1.
What type of issues are handled by the courts of India. Describe work of
judiciary in brief.
Answer:
Courts in India take decisions on a very large number of issues. They can
decide whether teacher can beat a student, or about the sharing of river water
between states, or they can punish people for particular crimes. The work of
the judiciary can be divided into the following:

1. Dispute Resolution: The judicial system provides a mechanism for

resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the
government, between two state governments and between the centre
and state governments.
2. Judicial Review: As final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also
has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if
it believes that these laws are a violation of the basic structure of the
Constitution. This is called the Judicial Review.
3. Upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights: Every citizen of
India can approach the Supreme Court or High Court if they believe that
their Fundamental Rights have been violated.

1. The courts through which most people interact with are called:
1. National courts
2. Subordinate courts
3. High courts
4. Supreme courts
2. Judiciary play an important role because it is
1. Independent
2. Dependent on lawyers
3. Dependent on government
4. Dependent on minister
2. Which of the following is false regarding criminal law?
1. If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined
2. Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences
3. A petition has to be filed before the relevant court by the affected
party only
 4. For example theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry and
murder
2. Who was the Chief Justice of India in 2007?
1. M.G. Balakrishnan
2. K.M. Radhakrishnan
3. K.G. Balakrishnan
4. K.G. Radhakrishnan
2. The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different
names except which of the following:
1. Apex court
2. Additional Sessions Judge
3. Trial Court or the Court of the District Judge
4. Chief Judicial Magistrate
2. Match the following:
Column A Column B

(i) Judiciary (a) Dispute between the Centre and the States

(ii) Supreme Court (b) Criminal law cases

(iii) Separation of Powers (c) Uphold the law of the land

(iv) FIR (d) Key feature of the Constitution

3.
1. A mechanism of Public Interest Litigation was devised in the
early…………….
2. There are………… different levels of courts in our country.
3. The………… play a significant role in protecting our Fundamental
Rights.
4. Each state has a……….. which is the highest court of that state.
5. The decisions made by the…………… are binding on all other courts
in India.
 6. The Judiciary is the final interpreter of the…………
2. State true or false:
1. The seven North-Eastern states have a common High Court.
2. A citizen can appeal against a decision made by the Supreme
Court.
3. The President appoints the Chief Justice of India.
4. There is only one Supreme Court in India.
2. What do you mean by independent judiciary?
3. The judiciary acts as per the wishes of the government. (True/False)
4. The seven north-east states have a common High Court. Where is this
located?
5. What is an independent judiciary? Explain in brief.
6. Describe the different branches of the legal system. How do they differ
from one another?
Judiciary

Answer
1.
2. Subordinate courts, Explanation: The courts that most people
interact with are what are called subordinate or district courts. These
are usually at the district or Tehsil level or in towns and they hear
many kinds of cases.
2. Independent, Explanation: It is the independence of the judiciary
that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is
no misuse of power by the legislature and the executive. The lack of
 independence would force the judge to make all judgments in favour
of the politician.
2. A petition has to be filed before the relevant court by the affected
party only
Explanation: It usually begins with the lodging of an First
Information Report (FIR) with the police who investigate the crime
after which a case is filed in the court.
2. K.G. Balakrishnan, Explanation: The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the
head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India. The CJI
also heads their administrative functions.
On 8 June 2000, K.G.Balakrishnan was appointed a judge of the
Supreme Court. He was sworn in as the Chief Justice of India on 14
January 2007
2. Apex court, Explanation: 1) The Supreme Court is the
apex(highest) court of India.
2) The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different
names. These include the Trial Court or the Court of the District
Judge, the Additional Sessions Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate,
Metropolitan Magistrate, Civil Judge.
2. Judiciary – (c) Uphold the law of the land
3. Supreme Court – (a) Dispute between the Centre and the States
4. Separation of Powers – (d) Key feature of the Constitution
5. FIR – (b) Criminal law case
2. 1986: India had to wait till 1986 when the then Chief Justice of
India P.N.Bhagwati introduced Public Interest Litigation to the Indian
Judicial system.
3. three: The Judicial system of India mainly consists of three types of
courts-the Supreme Court,The High Courts and the Subordinate
courts.
 4. courts: If your fundamental rights are violated, say by an official
authority unless for the legislative sanctions, you can approach
Supreme Court.
5. High Court: There are 24 High Courts at the state and Union
Territory level of India.
6. Supreme Court: The law declared by the supreme court becomes
binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state
governments
7. Constitution: Judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and
applies the law in the name of the state.
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
2. The Independent judiciary means that the judiciary is not under
government and does not act on its behalf.
3. False: Juciciary is an independent form of organisation.
Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of
the legislature or the executive. The judges do not act on the direction
of the government
4. It is located at Guwahati.
5. The Indian Constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary.
It means that other branches of the State such as the legislature and the
executive cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The courts are not
under the government and do not act on their behalf. The courts ensure
that there is no misuse of power of the legislature and the executive.
Anyone can approach the courts if they find that their Fundamental
Rights have been violated. Thus, the courts are not influenced by
anyone, not even by the rich and powerful people.
6. Different branches of the legal system are:
 2. Civil, and
3. CriminalCivil law deals with matters like money, property, marriage
disputes, etc. while criminal law deals with theft, murder, etc. Here are
the significant differences between civil law and criminal law.

Criminal law Civil law

Criminal law deals with conduct or acts that the law Civil law deals with harm or in
(a) defines as offences. Example- theft, robbery, (a) individuals such as disputes rel
cheating, physical injury and murder. purchase of goods, marriage, re

Criminal cases usually begin with the lodging of an

FIR with the police who afterwards investigate the Civil cases begin with a petitio
(b) (b)
crime after relevant court by the affected p
which a case is filed in the court.

If guilt is established against a person, then he can be

(c) (c) The court gives the specific rel
sent to jail and also fined.

Chapter Wise Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science

The Judiciary NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life The Judiciary NCERT Class 8 Social and Political life LI
K E U S O N F A C E B O O K H OME | CLA SS  | CLA SS 10 | CLA SS 11 | CLA SS 12 | NCERT SOLUTIONS |
RD SH A RMA SOLUTIONS | II T J EE SOLVED QUESTIONS . Ques1) What is referred to as the supreme law
of the land? Ans) Constitution is referred to as the supreme law of the land. Ques2) Which is the highest
court of appeal in our country? Ans) Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in our country. Ques3)
Why do we need judicial system in our country? Ans) The need for judicial system in our country
because: · To enforce this rule of law, we have a judicial system that consists of the mechanism of courts
that a citizen can approach when a law is violated. · As an organ of the State, the judiciary plays a crucial
role in the functioning of India’s democracy. Ques4) Describe the functions of the judiciary. . Dispute
Resolution: The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between
citizens and the government, between two state governments and between the centre and state
governments. . Judicial Review: As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also has the
power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of
the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called judicial review. . Upholding the Law and Enforcing
Fundamental Rights: Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court or the High Court if they
believe that their Fundamental Rights have been violated. Ques5) How is independence of judiciary
implemented? Ans) There are 3 organs of government in our country that is legislature, executive and
judiciary. At the same time there is separation of powers which ensures the independence of judiciary in
the following ways: . This means here is that other branches of the State-like the legislature and the
executive - cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. . The courts are not under the government and
do not act on their behalf. . It is also crucial that all judges in the High Court as well as the Supreme
Court are appointed with very little interference from these other branches of government. . It is the
independence of the judiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no
misuse of power by the legislature and the executive. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the
Fundamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if they believe that their rights
have been violated. Ques6) Describe the structure of courts in India. SUPREME COURT HIGH COURT
DISTRICT COURT  There are three different levels of courts in our country.  There are several courts at
the lower level while there is only one at the apex level.  The courts that most people interact with are
what are called subordinate or district courts.  These are usually at the district or Tehsil level or in
towns and they hear many kinds of cases.  Each state is divided into districts that are presided over by
a District Judge.  Each state has a High Court which is the highest court of that state.  -\t the top is the
Supreme Court that is located in New Delhi and is presided over by the Chief Justice of India.  The
decisions made by the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in India. Ques7) Write a short note
on Independence of judiciary?  The control that the politician holds over the judge does not allow for
the judge to take an independent decision.  This lack of independence would force the judge to make
all judgments in favour of the politician.  Although we often hear of rich and powerful people in India
trying to influence the judicial process, the Indian Constitution protects against this kind of situation by
providing for the independence of the judiciary. Ques8) Do all the people of India have an access to
court?  In principle, all citizens of India can access the courts in this country.  This implies that every
citizen has a right to justice through the courts.  If any citizen believes that their rights are being
violated, then they can approach the court for justice courts are available for all, in reality access to
courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India.  Legal procedures involve a lot
of money and paperwork as well as take up a lot of time.  For a poor person who cannot read and
whose family depends on a daily wage, the idea of going to court to get justice often seems remote.
Ques9) Write a short note on public interest litigation.  The Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a
mechanism of Public Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to justice.  It allowed any individual or
organization to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were
being violated.  The legal process was greatly simplified and even a letter or telegram addressed to the
Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL.  In the early years, PIL was used to secure
justice on a large number of issues such as rescuing bonded labourers from inhuman work conditions;
and securing the release of prisoners in Bihar who had been kept in jail even after their punishment
term was complete. Ques10) Describe different branches of legal system. Criminal Law  Deals with
conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more
dowry, murder.  It usually begins with the lodging of a First Information Report (FIR) with the police
who investigate the crime after which a case is filed in the court.  If found guilty, the accused can be
sent to jail and also fined. Civil Law  Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example,
disputes relating to sale of land purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases.  A petition has to be
filed before the relevant court by the affected party only. In a rent matter, either the landlord or tenant
can file a case.  The court gives the specific relief asked for. For instance, in a case between a landlord
and a tenant, the court can order the flat to be vacated and pending rent to be paid. Q11. Explain the
phrase ‘Justice delayed, justice denied. Ans. The issue that affects the common people access to justice
is the inordinately long numbers of year that courts take to hear a case. The phrase ‘justice delayed is
justice denied’ is often used to characterize this extend time period that courts take. For Example:-
There is murder case in a house and it’s been 10 -12 yrs. and the judge has still not given the judgments.
Therefore, the meaning doesn’t remain the same. The person’s case is pending and he is spending time
in the jail. Q12. Why is the judiciary important for the functioning of the democracy in India? Ans.
However, in spite of this there is no denying that the judiciary has played a crucial role in democratic
India, serving as a check on the powers of the executive and the legislature as well as in protecting the
fundamental rights of citizens. The members of the constituent assembly had quite correctly envisioned
a system of courts with an independent judiciary as a key feature of our democracy. Question-1 What do
you understand by the word ‘law’? Solution: Law is a system of rules, usually imposed through a
Government or Institution and is applied to govern a group people. It shapes politics, economics and
society in numerous ways. Question-2 What does judiciary mean? Solution: In law, the judiciary or
judicial system is the system of courts which administers justice in the name of the state. It is the
mechanism for the resolution of disputes and pronouncement of punishment. As an organ of the State,
the judiciary plays a crucial role in the functioning of India’s democracy. Question-3 How is the work of
the judiciary categorised? Solution: The Judiciary comprises of courts that take decisions on a very large
number of issues. The work of the judiciary can be divided into 3 categories, namely Dispute Resolution,
Judicial Review and upholding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights. Question-4 Write a brief note
on the independence of the judiciary. Solution: The Judiciary of India is an independent body. It is
separate from the Executive and Legislative bodies of the Indian Government. The Executive and
Legislature, that is the Central and State Governments, cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The
courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf. Judges in the High Court as well as
the Supreme Court are appointed by the President with very little interference from the other branches
of the government. It is also very difficult to remove a judge from his post. Question-5 What is the
structure of the judicial system of India? Solution: The judicial system of India is stratified into various
levels. At the apex is the Supreme Court, which is followed by High Courts at the state level, District
Courts at the district level and Lok Adalats at the Village and Panchayat Level. The structure of the courts
from the lower to the highest level resembles a pyramid. Question-6 What is the ‘appellate system’?
Solution: An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court or court of second instance is any court
of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions,
the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and
reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case; at least one intermediate appellate
court; and a supreme court which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts. A
jurisdiction’s supreme court is that jurisdiction’s highest appellate court.Appellate courts nationwide can
operate by varying rules. The authority of appellate courts to review decisions of lower courts varies
widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of
review. “Generally speaking, an appellate court’s judgment provides ‘the final directive of the appeals
courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court’s determination that the action
appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'”. Question-7 Mention the branches
of the Legal system. Solution: The Legal system can be divided into 2 branches, criminal law and civil law.
Question-8 What is “Public interest Litigation”? Solution: “Public interest Litigation” or PIL is a litigation
filed in a court of law, for the protection of “Public Interest”, such as pollution, terrorism, road safety,
constructional hazards etc. PIL can be filed for the following reasons: The Judiciary NCERT Class 8 Social
and Political life Extra Questions Copyright © 2020 Free Study Material ,CBSE Sample Papers, Books -
STUDYGUIDE360 Newe r Artic l e Class 8 Social And Political Life Understanding Our Criminal Justice
System O l d e r Artic l e Understanding Laws NCERT Class 8 Social And Political Life 1. Violation of basic
human rights of the poor 2. Content or conduct of government policy 3. Compel municipal authorities to
perform a public duty 4. Violation of religious rights or other basic fundamental rights 5. Any individual
or organisation can file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme 6. Court on behalf of those whose rights
are being violated. It is not necessary, that the person filing a case should have a direct interest in the
case. Courtesy : CBSE About STUDYGUIDE360 STUDYGUIDE360 is a student centric educational web
portal which provides quality test papers and study materials for the students preparing for CBSE or
targeting various entrance exams. During past few years, a number of surveys on students were made to
better understand their problems regarding their studies and their basic requirement
ou read that one of the main functions of the judiciary is ‘upholding the law
and Enforcing Fundamental Rights’. Why do you think an independent
judiciary is necessary to carry out this important function?
Solution:
The independent judiciary is necessary to carry out this function because of
the following reasons:

 The Independent judiciary does not work under any pressure from the
legislature or the executive. It can protect the Fundamental Rights.
 It works independently to give every citizen, whether rich or poor, equal
rights and he/she cannot be discriminated against any other
considerations.
 In a situation where a politician or the executive has the power to
appoint the judges, the judiciary will not be able to take independent
decisions. For example, a judge appointed by a politician will not be able
to judge a case against that person on its merit. Rich and powerful might
try to influence the judiciary. To prevent such a situation Constitution
provides for an independent Judiciary.

Question 2.
Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided in Chapter 1. How do you
think the Right to Constitutional Remedies connects to the idea of judicial
review?
Solution:
Judicial review of court decisions is carried out when the judgment given by a
court violates any constitutional provision. In the Constitution, every citizen
has equal rights and none can be discriminated against. If there is any
violation, the judiciary is free to review the earlier judgments even by’ the
Supreme Court.

Question 3.
In the following illustration, fill in each tier with the judgment given by the
various courts in the Sudha Goel case. Check our responses with others in
the class.
Solution:

1. Lower court: The Lower Court convicted Sudha’s husband, his mother
and his brother-in-law and sentenced all three of them to death.
2. High Court: The High Court passed the judgment stating that Sudha’s
husband and the others were innocent and set them free.
 3. Supreme Court: The Supreme Court passed a judgment stating that
Sudha’s husband and his mother were guilty and sentenced them to
prison for life. The court freed the brother-in-law.

Question 4.
If they do not like the Supreme Court verdict, the accused can go back again
to the Trial Court.
Solution:
(a) True
(b) False: They went to the Supreme court after the High court had given its
decision
(c) False: The verdict of the Supreme Court is final.

Question 5
Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the
1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?
Solution:

 Before the 1980s filing of litigation into the courts was very costly.
 The poor could not afford to go to courts.
 Since the 1980s, the people can file their case through a letter or a
telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Courts without
spending any money. The Courts take it as PIL (Public Interest
Litigation).
 Thus, it is a significant step in ensuring access to justice to all the
citizens.

Question 6
Re-read excerpts from the judgment on the Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal
Corporation case. Now write in your own words what the judges meant when
they said that the Right to Livelihood was part of the Right to Life.
Solution:
Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation case portrays the plight of lakhs
of persons who live on pavements and in slums in the city of Bombay. They
constitute nearly half the population of the city. These men and women came
to Court to ask for a judgment that they cannot be evicted from their shelters
without being offered alternative accommodation. They rely for their rights on
Article 21 of the Constitution which guarantees that no person shall be
deprived of his life except according to the procedure established by law.
They do not contend that they have a right to live on the pavements. Their
contention is that they have a right to live, a right which cannot be exercised
without the means of livelihood. They have no option but to flock to big cities
like Bombay, which provide the means of bare subsistence. They only choose
a pavement or a slum which is nearest to their place of work. Their plea is that
the right to life is misleading without a right to the protection of the means by
which alone life can be lived.

uestion 1
What do you understand by the word ‘law’?
Solution:
Law is a system of rules, usually imposed through a Government or Institution
and is applied to govern a group people. It shapes politics, economics and
society in numerous ways.

Question 2
What does judiciary mean?
Solution:
In law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which
administers justice in the name of the state. It is the mechanism for the
resolution of disputes and pronouncement of punishment. As an organ of the
State, the judiciary plays a crucial role in the functioning of India’s democracy.

Question 3
How is the work of the judiciary categorised?
Solution:
The Judiciary comprises of courts that take decisions on a very large number
of issues. The work of the judiciary can be divided into 3 categories, namely
Dispute Resolution, Judicial Review and upholding the Law and Enforcing
Fundamental Rights.

Question 4
Write a brief note on the independence of the judiciary.
Solution:
The Judiciary of India is an independent body. It is separate from the
Executive and Legislative bodies of the Indian Government. The Executive
and Legislature, that is the Central and State Governments, cannot interfere in
the work of the judiciary.
The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf.
Judges in the High Court as well as the Supreme Court are appointed by the
President with very little interference from the other branches of the
government. It is also very difficult to remove a judge from his post.

Question 5
What is the structure of the judicial system of India?
Solution:
The judicial system of India is stratified into various levels. At the apex is the
Supreme Court, which is followed by High Courts at the state level, District
Courts at the district level and Lok Adalats at the Village and Panchayat Level.
The structure of the courts from the lower to the highest level resembles a
pyramid.

Question 6
What is the ‘appellate system’?
Solution:
An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court or court of second
instance is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial
court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided
into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews
evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case; at least one
intermediate appellate court; and a supreme court which primarily reviews the
decisions of the intermediate courts. A jurisdiction’s supreme court is that
jurisdiction’s highest appellate court.Appellate courts nationwide can operate
by varying rules.
The authority of appellate courts to review decisions of lower courts varies
widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some places, the appellate court
has limited powers of review. “Generally speaking, an appellate court’s
judgment provides ‘the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter
appealed, setting out with specificity the court’s determination that the action
appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'”.

Question 7
Mention the branches of the Legal system.
Solution:
The Legal system can be divided into 2 branches, criminal law and civil law.
Question-8
What is “Public interest Litigation”?
Solution:
“Public interest Litigation” or PIL is a litigation filed in a court of law, for the
protection of “Public Interest”, such as pollution, terrorism, road safety,
constructional hazards etc.
PIL can be filed for the following reasons:

1. Violation of basic human rights of the poor

2. Content or conduct of government policy
3. Compel municipal authorities to perform a public duty
4. Violation of religious rights or other basic fundamental rights
5. Any individual or organisation can file a PIL in the High Court or the
Supreme
6. Court on behalf of those whose rights are being violated. It is not
necessary, that the person filing a case should have a direct interest in
the case.