17,

Edition is limited to five hundred

This

which this is No
copies, of
 CYCLOPEDIA OF

PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS

VOLUME I

AAGAARD-DYER
 CYCLOPEDIA OF

PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS

EDITED BY

JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.

CRITICAL EDITOR

CHARLES C. PERKINS
CarresfaittiKg Memttr of the Frrnck Institute

WITH MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS

VOLUME I

NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
M DCCC LXXXVI
Copyright, 1885, 1886, by

Charles Scribner's Sons

 PREFACE,

years of laborious preparation devoted to this work

show that its projectors have not only believed it to be
THE needed, but have expected for it a novel as well as stand-
ard place among authorities upon its subject. The Cyclopedia of
Painters and Paintings founds claim to this position especially
its

upon three things : the character and comprehensiveness of the

information which, through its text and illustrations, it for the
first time makes accessible ;
the new simplicity of its arrangement ;

and the bibliography, of a kind hitherto unattempted, through

which it furnishes a key and guide to the whole literature of its
art.

a fuller biographical dictionary than now exists

It is not only

of the painters of all times and schools, including prominent con-

temporaries, but it is as well a dictionary of works and in a :

form in which the one branch of information is as immediately

accessible as the other. The important paintings of all periods
are treated under their own names, in separate articles, in which
are given an accurate description of each work, its date, its
place of preservation, its history from the time of leaving the
painter's easel, notices of its replicas and copies, the names of its

engravers, and such other facts as make the account as nearly as

possible exhaustive. Both biographical and descriptive articles

are based, not upon statements accepted in any sense at second

 PREFACE
conducted with the hope of making
hand, but upon close research,
their facts being de-
this work virtually an original authority

rived from the latest monographs in all languages on the several

from the art periodicals of many countries,

painters and schools,
and from autobiographical memoranda and other original material.
The latest catalogues of all the great art museums of the world,
and of many private collections, have also been carefully collated,
so that the information given is the best and fullest accessible up

to the date of publication.

The method of arrangement of the Cyclopedia is believed to

be especially practical, intelligible, and convenient. The bio-

graphical and descriptive articles are combined under a single al-

with no knowledge
phabet; a novel plan enabling any reader,
of a well-known painting other than the name, to turn to it

directly, and trace its history back to its author. A simple cross-
reference system also enables the reader of the biographical ar-
ticles to tell at a glance what works of each artist are treated at

length, the italicizing of a single word in the name of a picture

showing that under that word a separate article upon it will be

found.
The bibliography appended to each article is such as will guide
the reader to further and more minute investigation than would
be possible in any book of reference even, it may be said, to an
;

exhaustive study of the whole literature of the topic. It em-

braces, besides English works and periodicals, those in French,

German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, and Danish.

In the illustration of the work, nothing has been spared that
could make it valuable and really representative. The articles
contain portraits of prominent artists, living and dead, fac-similes
of their monograms and signatures, outline sketches of the im-

portant pictures of the older masters (intended as aids to the

 PREFA CE
verbal description, and as memoranda of the compositions) ;
and
there are in addition full-page reproductions, by the best-known
processes, of representative works of many painters of the modern
schools.
The Cyclopedia being intended primarily for English readers,

each painter is treated under his best-known English appellation,

whether surname, assumed name, or sobriquet. Thus, Correggio
will be found under that title, and not under his less-known family

name of Allegri ; and, in like manner, Domenichino will be used

instead of Zampieri, Giorgione instead of Barbarelli, Pinturicchio
instead of Biagi, Raphael instead of Sanzio, Tintoretto instead of

Robusti, Titian instead of Vecelli, etc.

The work is under obligations to Mr. Louis von Eltz for his
during its entire progress, and especially for his
efficient labors

valuable aid in researches connected with the German, Flemish,

Dutch, and Scandinavian schools of painters.

Thanks are due, also, to the superintendent and other officials
of the Astor Library for numerous privileges and courtesies, with-
out which the work on the Cyclopedia would have been attended
with great difficulties, if not rendered impossible.

NEW YORK, January 1, 1886.

Til
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

To face
Page

1. ALGERIAN FALCONER
EUGENE FROMENTIN

Etching by Stephen J. Ferris after Couteux

... .25

2. THE ANATOMIST
GABRIEL MAX

Etching by Stephen J. Ferris )j

}. AUTOMEDON
HENRI REGNAULT

Lewistype from the original by the Lewis Company, Boston . . . .

83

4- THE YOUTH OF BACCHUS

WILLIAM ADOLPHE BOUGUEREAU

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. BoussoJ, Valadon Sr Co., Paris . 88

i*
5
. LE BOURGET
ALPHONSE DE NEUWLLE

Messrs. Boussod, Yaladon Sr Co., Paris 193

.

Photogravure from the original by

6. THE BUCKWHEAT HARVEST

JEAN FRANCOIS MILLET

the original pastel by the Lewis Company, Boston . .218

Lewistype from

7. CHRIST ON THE CROSS

LEON BONNAT

Yaladon Sr Co., Paris 284

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. Boussod,
.

8. THE RETURN TO THE CONVENT

EDUARDO ZAMACOi'S

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. Boussod, Valadon & Co., Paris ,

9- LANDSCAPE
JEAN BAPTISTS CAMILLE CO ROT

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. Boussod, Valadon & Co., Paris .

10. DANSE DU BATON

JEAN LEON GEROME

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. Boussod, I/aladon Sr Co., Paris .

370
II.

EDU/ARD JOHN POYNTER

Photogravure from the original by Messrs. Boussod, Valadon & Co., Paris .
402

12. THE DISCOVERER

WILLIAM MORRIS HUNT

Etching by S. A. Scboff after the original fresco at Albany 4'3

. . . .

*** The publishers are indebted for permission to reproduce the paintings in

this list to Messrs. Boussod, Valadon & Co., in cases where the right of reproduction

is owned by them ; to the Directors of the Boston Museum of Art (for Regnault's

AUTOMEDON); to Martin Brimmer, Esq., of Boston (for Millet's BUCKWHEAT

HARVEST); to Robert L. Cutting, Esq. (for Zamaans' RETURN TO THE CONVENT);
to E. J. Poynter, Esq. (for bis DIADUMENE); and to Messrs. Knoedler & Co. (for

Couteux's etching after Fromentin).

 OUTLINE ILLUSTRATIONS OF PAINTINGS.

PAGE

1. ABRAHAM AND ANGELS Murillo Stafford House, London . 4

Bembrandt Hermitage, St. Petersburg. 5
2. ABRAHAM, SACRIFICE OF
Andrea del Sarto Dresden Gallery. 5
3. ABRAHAM, SACRIFICE OF
.Jean Regnault Louvre, Paris. 7
4. ACHILLES, EDUCATION OF. .

5. ADAM, CREATION OF Michelangelo Vatican, Rome . 10

ADAM AND EVE Carmine, Florence . 11
G. Filippino Lippi
7. ADAM AND EVE Michelangelo Vatican, Eome. 11
Florence. 13
8. ADONIS, DEATH OF II Moretto Uffizi,

9. AGATHA, ST., MARTYRDOM

OF
)

)
^^ ^ ^^ j^^ pm> Morence . 15

10. AGNES, ST., MARTYRDOM OF . . Domenichino Bologna Gallery . 17

11. AMAZONS, BATTLE OF THE .Rubens .
Munich Gallery. 35
12. AMBROSE AND EMPEROR) T ,T . ,r op
c Rubens Vienna Museum . do
THEODOSIUS )

13. ANATOMY, LESSON IN Rembrandt National Gallery, Amsterdam . 38

14. ANNUNCIATION Fra Barlolommeo Louvre, Paris . 46
15. ANNUNCIATION Lodovico Carracci Louvre, Paris . 47
16. ANTHONY, ST., TEMPTATION ) .
T\ j /i n ei
r Pieter Brueghel, the younger Dresden Gallery. 51

17. ANTHONY OP PADUA, ST., ) ,. ,, ..

t Munllo Berlin Museum . 52

AND INFANT JESUS . . )

18. ANTHONY OF PADUA, ST.,

, Elisabetta Sirani Bologna Gallery . 53
AND INFANT JESUS. . )

19. ANTIOPE Correggio Louvre, Paris . 54

20. APOLLO AND DAPHNE Francesco Albani Louvre, Paris . 59
21. APOLLO AND MARSYAS Guercino Palazzo Pitti, Florence . 60
22. APOLLO AND MARSYAS Raphael Louvre, Paris . 61
23. ARCADIA, SHEPHERDS OF ... .Nicolas Poussin Louvre, Paris. 64
24. ARIADNE Luca Giordano Dresden Gallery . 66
25. ASCENSION Perugino Lyons Museum . 71
26. ASSUMPTION Rubens Antwerp Cathedral . 75
27. ASSUMPTION Andrea del Sarto Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 76
28. ASSUMPTION Titian Venice Academy . 77
29. ATALA, BURIAL OP Girodet de Roussy Louvre, Paris. 78
30. ATTILA, MAKCH OF Raphael Vatican, Home. 79
 OUTLINE ILLUSTRATIONS OF PAINTINGS
PAOK
31. AURORA ................. Guercino ................ Palazzo Ludovisi, Rome . 82
32. AURORA ................. Guido Rcni ............ Palazzo Rospigliosi, Rome . 82
33. AVALOS, ALFONSO D', AL- \
t Titian Louvre, Paris. 83
LEGORY OF ----
34. BACCHANAL ............... Giovanni Bellini and Titian Alnwick Castle, England. . 87
35. BACCHUS AND ARIADNE ..... Titian .................. National Gallery, London . 88
36. BANQUET OF THE Civic T
GUARD ........... )
B. van dcr Heist ..... National Museum, Amsterdam . 99

37. BELISARIUS ............... Jaques Louis David ................ Louvre, Paris. 126
38. BELLA DI TIZIANO ......... Titian .................... Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 127
39. BELLE FERONNIERE ........ Leonardo da Vinci .................. Louvre, Paris. 129
40. BLIND-MAN'S-BUFF ........ Sir David Wttkie ..... Buckingham Palace, London. 167
41. BLUE BOY ............... Thomas Gainsborough .Grosvenor House, London 169
. . .

42. BORRACHOS, Los .......... Velasquez ....................... Madrid Museum. 183

43. BROKEN PITCHER ......... Jean Baptists Greuze ............... Louvre, Paris. 208
44. BRUNO, ST., DREAM OF. . .Lesueur .................. Louvre, Paris. 215
.Etistache
45. BRUNO, ST., VISION OF .... Guercino ....................... Bologna Gallery 216 .

46. BUUTUS ................. Louis David ............ ........... Louvre, Paris. 217
47. C.ESAR, DEATH OF ........ Vincenzo Camuccini ......... Palazzo Beale, Naples. 227
48. CALAIS GATE ............. William Hoijarth ............ Marton Hall, England . 229
49. CALUMNY ................ Alessandro Botticelli .............. Uffizi, Florence . 231
50. CALVARY, PROCESSION TO ... Pierre Miynard ...................... Louvre, Paris . 233
61. CASTOR AND POLLUX ....... Rubens ......................... Munich Gallery . 254
52. CATHERINE, ST., MARRIAGE ) T
f Fra Bartdommeo .................. Louvre, Pans 25o .

OF ............... )
53. CATHERINE, ST., MARRIAGE ) -
t Correggio ......................... Louvre, Paris. 256

54. CATILINE, CONSPIRACY OF .... Salvator Roxa .............. Palazzo Pitti, Florence . 258
55. CATO, DEATH OF .......... Charles Lebrun .................... Louvre, Paris . 258
56. CECILIA, ST .............. Domenichino ...................... Louvre, Paris . 261
57. CECILIA, ST .............. Raphael ........................ Bologna Gallery . 262
58. CENCI, BEATRICE .......... attributed to Guido ...... Palazzo Barbcrini, Rome . 263
59. CHALDEAN SAGES .......... Gioryione ....................... Vienna Museum 267 .

60. CHAPEAU DE PATT.T.R ....... Rubens ................. National Gallery, London 268 .

61. CHARITY ................. Andrea del Sarlo ................... Louvre, Paris 270 .

62. CHARLES I ............... Anton van Dyck. ................... Louvre, Paris. 272
63. CHARLES I, CHILDREN OF. .Anton van Dijck ................. Windsor Castle. 273
.

64. CHARLES V. .............. Titian ........................... Munich Gallery. 274

65. CHARLES V. AT MUHLBEHG Titian .......................... Madrid Museum 275
. . .

66. CHATHAM, DEATH OF ....... John Singleton Copley ---- National Gallery, London. 277
67. CHRIST, BAPTISM OF ....... Francesco Albani ................. Bologna Gallery. 281
68. CHRIST, BAPTISM OF ....... Andrea del Verrocchio .......... Florence Academy. 282
69. CHRIST AMONG THE Doc- ) .

r School of Leonardo da Vinci National Gallery, London 285

. .

70. CHRIST AND EVANGELISTS. . .Fra Barlolommeo .......... Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 286

xill
 OUTLINE ILLUSTRATIONS OF PAINTINGS
PAQI

71. CHRIST IN HOUSE OF JAIRUS Paolo Veronese

.
Vienna Museum . 289
72. CHRIST HEALING THE PAR- )
Orwell Park, Suffolk 290
Muriao _
.

ALYTIC J

73. CHRIST HEALING THE SICK Benjamin West .

National Gallery, London. 292

74. CHRIST CROWNED

THORNS
WITH }
)
^ _
Berlin Musellm . 293

75. CHRIST CROWNED WITII

| ^.^ ^ Louvre, Paris. 294
THORNS )

76. CIRCE Guercino Louvre, Paris. 299

77. COLUMBINE, LA Bernardino Luini Hermitage, St. Petersburg. 316
78. CONCEPTION, IMMACULATE . .MurUlo Louvre, Paris. 319
79. CONCEPTION, IMMACULATE . . Murillo Madrid Museum . 320
80. CONCERT Michelangelo da Caravayyio Louvre, Paris. 322
81. CONCERT Gioryione Palazzo Pitti, Florence 322 .

82. CONCERT, RUSTIC Giorgione Louvre, Paris. 323

83. CRUCIFIXION Lucas Cranach Stadtkirche, Weimar. 354
84. CRUCIFIXION Andrea JUantegna Louvre, Paris. 355
85. CUPID, EDUCATION OF Correggio National Gallery, London 358 .

86. CYMON AND IPHIGENIA Sir Joshua Reynolds. .

.Buckingham Palace, London. 361
87. DANAE Correygio Palazzo Borgbese, Rome . 367
88. DANAE Titian Vienna Museum . 367
89. DANTE Giotto Bargello, Florence . 371
90. DARIUS, TENT OF Charles Lebrun Louvre, Paris . 373
91. DAVID AND GOLIATH Guido Ileni Hermitage, St. Petersburg . 376
92. DEATH ON THE PALE HORSE. Benjamin West. Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia. 378
93. DEATH, TRIUMPH OF Sienese School Campo Santo, Pisa. 379
94. DELUGE Nicolas Poussin Louvre, Paris . 390
95. DESCENT FROM THE CROSS. Rubens Antwerp Cathedral. 394
96. DESCENT FROM THE CROSS Daniele da Volterra
. S. Triuitii de' Monti, Rome. 395
97. DEVONSHIRE, DUCHESS OF . . Thomas Gainesborough AHLorp Park, England . 400
98. DEVONSHIRE, DUCHESS OF. .Sir Joshua Reynolds Althorp Park, England. 401
99. DIANA AND ACTION Titian Bridgewater House, London . 402
100. DIANA AND CALLISTO Titian Bridgewater House, London . 403
101. DIANTI, LAURA, AT HER )

ToI LETTE I
JltWn L mre >
PariS - 4 4

102. DIEGO, ST., OF ALCALA. . . .Murillo Due de Pozzo di Borgo, Paris.

407
103. DONNA GRAVIDA Attributed to Raphael Palazzo Pitti, 418
Florence .

104. DONNA VELATA Attributed to Raphael Palazzo Pitti, Florence. 419

105. DROPSICAL WOMAN Gerard Dou Louvre, Paris 426 .

liv
 PORTRAITS OF POINTERS.
(DRAWN BY JACQUES REICH.)

1. Achenbach, Andreas 6 36. Bellini, Gentile

i
131
2. Adam, Franz 9 37. Bellini, Giovanni 131
j

3. Albani, Francesco 20 38. Benczur, Gyula 137

4. Albertinelli, Mariotto 21 39. Bendemann, Eduard Julius Fried-
5. Aldegrever, Heinrich 22 j
rich 137
6. Aliense 25 40. Benjamin-Constant, Jean Joseph . . 139
7. Allan, Sir William 26 41. Berchem, Claas Pietersz 143
8. Allori, Alessandro 28 42. Bernier, Camille 148
9. Allori, Cristofano 28 43. Bierstadt, Albert 157
10. Allston, Washington 29 44. Bigio, Francia 157
11. Alma-Tadema, Laurenz 29 45.
; Blake, William 162
12. Amerling, Friedrich 36 46. Blanchard, Jacques 164
13. Auguisciola, Sofouisba 44 47. Bloemaert, Abraliam 167
14. Asselyu, Jan 73 48. Bokelinann, Ludwig Christian
Louis 174
15. Bacciccio, H 88 \
49. Bol, Ferdinand 175
16. Bacheh'er, Jean Jacques 89 50. Bonheur, Marie Eosa 177
17. Backhuysen, Ludolf 90 51. Boningtou, Richard Parkes 178
18. Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo da. ... 92 52. Bonuat, Leon Joseph Floreutin . . . 179
19. Balen, Hendrik van 95 53. Bordone, Paris 181
20. Barocci, Federigo 102 54. Both, Jan 185
21. Barrias, Felix Joseph 103 55. Botticelli, Alessandro 186
22. Barry, James 103 56. Boucher, Fra^ois 186
23. Earth, Ferdinand 104 j
57. Boughton, George Henry 188
24. Bartolommeo, Fra 105 58. Bouguereau, William Adolphe 189
25. Bassano, Francesco 107
j
59. Boulanger, Gustave Kodolphe Clar-
26. Bassano, Jacopo 107 i ence 190
27. Bassano, Leandro 108 60. Boullongue. Bon 191
28. Bastien-Lepage, Jules 109 Boullongue, Louis de
61. 191
29. Battoni, Pompeo Girolamo 110 62. Bourdon, Sebastien 192
30. Baudry, Paul Jacques Aimee Ill 63. Bramer, Leonard 196
31. Beard, William H. 115 64. Brandt, Jozef 197
32. Beccafumi, Domenico 117 65. Brce, Mattheus Ignatius van 200
33. Becker, Karl Ludwig Friedrich. . . 119 66. Breenbergh, Bartholomew 200
34. Bega, Cornelis Pietersz 122 67. Breton, tirnile Adelard
!
202
35. Begas, Karl 123 68. Breton, Jules Adolphe
|
203
 PORTRAITS OF PAINTERS
PAGE I FAOH
69. Bridgman, Frederick Arthur 205 115. Cimabue, Giovanni
!
298
70. Bril, Pauwel 205 116. Claude Lorrain 302
[

71. Brion, Gustave 206 117. Clouet, Jean

j
307
72. Brouzino, Agnolo 208 118. Coello, Claudio 309
73. Brouwer, Adriaeu 209 119. Cogniet, Leon 311
74. Brueghel, Jan 212 120. Cole, George 312
75. Brueghel, Peeter, the elder 213 121. Cole, Thomas 312
76. Burckmair, Hans 220 122. Cole, Vicat 313
77. Burgess, John Bagnold 222 123. Collins, William 314
78. Bume-Jones, Edward 222 124. Compte-Calix, Francois Claudius. 317
79. Busson, Charles 223 125. Constable, John 325
80. Butin, Ulysse 224 126. Cooper, Thomas Sidney 328
81. Butler, Elizabeth Thompson 224 127. Copley, John Singleton 329
128. Coques, Gonzales 330
82. Cabanel, Alexandra 225 129. Cormon, Fernand 331
83. Calabrese, II Cavaliere 228 130. Corneliszen, Cornells 333
84. Calame, Alexandra 229 131. Cornelius, Peter von 333
85. Calderon, Philip Hermogenes .... 230 132. Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille 335
86. Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall 230 133. Correggio 336
87. Cambiaso, Luca 234 134. Costa, Lorenzo 338
88. Camphausen, Wilhelm 235 135. Courbet, Gustave .341 . .

89. Canaletto, H 238 13(J -

Courtois, Jacques 342
90. Cano, Alonso 239 137 Cousin, Jean -
343
91. Canon, Hans 239 138 Couture, Thomas
-
343
92. Caravaggio, Michelangelo da 241 139 Coxcyen, Michiel van
,
-
344
93. Caravaggio, Polidoro da 242 14 Coypel, Antoine
-
345
94. Carolus-Duran 244 141 Coypel, Charles Antoine
-
345
95. Carpaccio, Vittore 245 142 Coypel, Noel
-
345
96. Carracci, Agostino 246 1<t3 -
Craesbecke, Joost van 345
97. Carracci, Annibale 246 ^- Craeyer, Caspar do 346
98. Carracci, Lodovico 247 5 ^ -
Cranach, Lucas 346
99. Carrefio de Miranda, Don Juan . . 248 l * 6 -
Crane, Walter 348
100. Camera, Rosalba 248 147 -
Credi, Lorenzo 349
101. Carstens, Asmus Jacob 249 148 -
Crespi, Daniele 349
102. Castello, Bernardo 252 149 -
Crofts, Ernest 352
103. Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto . 253 15 Crowe, Eyre
-
354
104. Cerezo, Matteo 264 ^1. Cuyp, Aelbert 3GO
105. Cesari, Giuseppe 264
106. Cespedes, Pablo de 265 152. Danhauser, Josef ' 369
107. Champaigne, Philippe de 267 153. Daubigny, Charles Francois' 374
108. Chardiu, Jean Baptiste Simoon 269 154.
. .
David, Jacques Louis " ' 376
109. Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint 275 155. Davis, Henry William Banks ' 377
110. Chase, William Merritt 276 156. Decamps, Alexander Gabriel. . 381
111. Chodoviecki, Daniel Nicolaus 280 157. Defregger, Franz von. 383
112. Church, Frederic Edwin 295 158. Delacroix,' Ferdinand Victor Eu-
113. Cignani, Carlo 296 gune 386
114. Cima da Couegliauo 297 159. Delaroche, PauL '.'.','.'.'.'. 387
xvi
 PORTRAITS OF PAINTERS
PAGE
IfiO.Desportes, Alexander Francois . 397 171. Dorc, Gustavo Paul
. 419
161. Detaille, Jean Baptiste fidouard. 398 172. Dossi, Giovanni 422
162. Diaz de la Pefia, Narciso Virgilio 404 173. Don, Gerard 422
163. Dicksee, Frank 405 174. Doyen, Gabriel Francois 424
164. Diepenbeeck, Abraham van 408 175. Drouais, Germain Jean 427
165. Dietrich, Christian William Er- 176. Dubufe, Edouard 430
nest 409 177. Duchatel, Frans 431
'

166. Dietz, Feodor 410 178. Duez, Ernest Ange 433

167. Dobson, William Charles Thomas 414 179. Dupre, Jules 435
168. Does, Jacob van der 415 180. Durand, Asher Brown 436
169. Dolci, Carlo 415 181. Ddrer, Albrecht 437
'

170. Domeuichino 416 182. Dyck, Antou van 441

xvii
 MONOGRAMS AND SIGNATURES.

PAGE
1. Abbate, Niccolo dell' 2 3G. Bacler d'Albe, Louis Albert Guil-
2. Achen, Johann G lain 90
3. Achenbacli, Andreas 7 37. Baldung, Hans 95
4. Achenbacli, Oswald 7 38. Balen, Hendrick van 95
5. Adam, Albreclit 9 39. Balestra, Antonio ... 96
6. Adam, Heinricli 9 40. Barbari, Jacopo de' 99
7. Adam, Jean Victor 10 41. Basaiti, Marco 106
8. Adau, Louis Emile 12 42. Bassen, Bartholomeua van 108
9. Aelst, "Willem van 14 43. Battoui, Pompeo Girolamo 110
10. Aertszen, Pietcr 14 44. Becker, Georges 119
11. Ainmiller, Max Emanuel 19 45. Beerstraaten, Jan 122
12. Albani, Francesco 21 40. Bega, Cornelis Pietersz 123
13. Aldegrever, Heinrich 22 47. Begas, Karl 123
'

14. Alfaui, Domeuico 24 48. Begeijn, Abraham Cornelisz 124

15. Aliense 25 49. Behaui, Hans Sebald 125
16. Allori, Alessandro 28 50. Bellini, Giovanni 132
17. Altdorfer, Albrecht 32 51. Bellotto, Bernardo 133
j

18. Alunno, Niccolo 33 52. Bellucei, Antonio

!

134
19. Amalteo, Pomponio 34 53. Beuner, Jean 139
20. Anselmi, 49 54. Berchem, Claas Pietersz
Michelangelo ,
143
21. Ausiaux, Jean Eleouore
Josepli Berck-Heyde, Job
55. 144
Antoine 50 Berruguete, Alouso
56. 149
j

22. Appiani, Andrea [

62 57. Bertram!, James 152

23. Arellano, Juan de 65 58. Beschey, Balthasar 152
24. Arthois, Jacques d' 70 59. Bigio, Francia
1

158
25. Asher, Louis 72 60. Billet, Pierre 158
.'

26. Asper, Hans 72 61. Biset, Karel Emanuel '.'.'.'.'.'. 160

27. Aspertini, Amico 72 62. Bissolo, Pietro Francesco
|
' 161
28. Asselyn, Jan 73 C3 !

B Herri de
i eS)
1G6
29. Aubert, Ernest Jean 80 I
64. Bloemaert, Abraham 168
'.'.', '.

30. Aubry, Etienne 80 65.

|
Bloemen, Pieter van 168
31. Avercamp, Hendrik 85 66. Blondeel, Lancelot 169
67. Bockhorst, Jan van 170
32. Baade, Knud 86 68. Boenisch, Gustav Adolf
!

172
33. Bach, Alois 88 69. Boeyermaus, Theodor 172
34. Bachelier, Jean Jacques 89 70. Boilly, Louis
Laopold. ... 173
35. Backhuyseu, Ludolf 90 71. Bol, Ferdinand 175
 MONOGRAMS AND SIGNATURES
FADE I
,.,..,,

72. Bol, Hans 175 117. Carolus-Duran

(

244
Bonnat, Leon Joseph Florentin
'

73. . . 179 118. Carpaccio, Vittore 245

74. Boouen, Arnold van 181 119. Carracci, Agostino 246
75. Bordone, Paris 181 120. Carracci, Aniiibale 247
76. Borgoguone, Ambrogio 182 121. Carracci, Lodovico 248
77. Borras, Fray Nicholas 183 122. Carreiio de Miranda, Don Juan . . 248
78. Bosch, Hieronyinus 184 123. Carricra, Kosalba 248
79. Bosschc, Balthasar van den 184 124. Casanova, Francesco 250
80. Both, Andries 185 125. Castello, Beniardo 252
81. Both, Jan 185 12G. Castiglionc, Giovanni Benedetto. 253
82. Botticelli, Alessandro 186 127. Catena, Vinccnzo 254
83. Boucher, Francois 187 128. Caulitz, Peter 259
84. Bouguereau, William Adolphe . . . 189 129. Cuvedonc, Giacomo 2(K)

85. Boulanger, Gustave Uodolphe 130. Gazes, Pierre Jacques 2(50

Clarence 190 131. Cerezo, Mattco 2(54

86. Bourdon, Sebastien 192 132. Cesari, Giuseppe 2(15

87. Bourgeois, Loon Pierre Urbain 192 . . 133. Cespedes, Pablo de 265
88. Braekeleer, Ferdiiiandus de 195 134. Champaigne, Philippe do 2(!7

89. Bramautino 196 135. Ghapliu, Charles Joshua 269

90. Brainer, Leonard 196 136. Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sinu'on . . 269
91. Bredael, Jan Fraus van 199 137. Cliodoviecki, Daniel Nicolnus 280
92. Bree, Mattheus Ignatius van 200 138. Cignani, Carlo 297
93. Breenbergh, Bartholoineus 200 139. Cinia da Conegliano 298
94. Brekelenkam, Quiryn 201 140. Clairin, Georges Jules Victor. . . . 301
95. Brt'ton, Jules Adolphe 203 141. Codde, Pieter 309
96. Breu, Jorg 203 142. Coello, Claudio

97. Bril, Pauwel 206 143. Cogels, Joseph . .

98. Briou, Gustave 206 144. Collantes, Francisco

99. Brouziuo, Agnolo 209 145. Comerre, Lron Francois. .

100. Brouwer, Adriaeu 209 146. Compte-CaUx, Francois Claudius. 318

101. Brueghel, Peeter, younger 214 147. Conca, Sebastiano. .

102. Bugiardiui, Giuliauo 219 148. Congnet, Gillis. .

103. Burcknmir, Hans 220 149. Coninck, David de. .

104. Butiu, Ulysso 224 150. Coutariui, Giovanni . .

151. Cooper, Abraham

105. Cabanel, Alexandre 225 152. Corinon, Femand..

106. Cagliari, Carlo 228 153. Corneille, Michel . .

107. Cagnacci, Guido '.. 228 154. Corneliazen, Cornelia. .

108. Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall 231 155. Correggio

109. Cambiaso, Luca 234 156. Cossiers, Jan . .

110. Caraphuyseu, Govert 236 157. Costa, Lorenzo

111. Campi, Antonio 236 158. Cosway, Richard. .

112. Cano, Alouso 239 159. Cot, Pierre Auguate.

113. Capelle, Jan van der 240 160. Courtat, Louis. .

114. Caravaggio, Polidoro da 242 161. Courtois, Gustave.,

115. Carducho, Yincenzo 243 162. Cousin, Jean . .

344
116. Carloni, Giambattista 243 163. Coxcyen, Michiel vau.

xix
 MONOGRAMS AND SIGNATURES
164. Coypel, Charles Antoine 345 188. Deshays, Jean Baptiste 397
165. Coypel, Noel 345 189. Desportes, Alexaudre Francois ... 398
166. Craesbecke, Joost vau 346 190. Detaille, Jean Baptiste Edouard. . 398
167. Craeyer, Caspar cle 346 191. Deveria, Eugene Francois Marie
168. Cranach, Lucas 347 Joseph 399
169. Credi, Lorenzo di 349 192. Diepenbeeck, Abraham van 408
170. Crespi, Daniele 349 193. Dietteiiein, Wendel 410
171. Crespi, Giovanni Battista 350 194. Does, Simon van der 415
172. Crivelli, Carlo 351 195. Dolci, Carlo 416
173. Cuyleuborch, Abraham van 3GO 196. Dossi, Giovanni 422
174. Cuyp, Aelbert 360 197. Don, Gerard 423
175. Cuyp, Jacob Gerritsz 361 198. Douven, Jan Frans van 424
176. Czermak, Jaroslav 362 199. Doyen, Gabriel Francois 424
200. Drolling, Martin 425
177. Daege, Eduarcl 363 201. Drooch-Sloot, Joost Cornelisz . . . 426
178. Dael, Jan Frans van 363 202. Dubbels, Hendrik 428
179. Danloux, Henri Pierre 370 203. Dubois, Ambroise 428
180. Daunat, William T , 370 204. Duchatel, Frans 431
181. David, Jacques Louis 377 205. Ducreux, Joseph 432
182. Decaisne, Henri 381 206. Dughet, Gaspard 433
183. Decker, Cornelis Gerritsz 382 207. Dupre, Julien 435
184. Delacroix, Ferdinand Victor Eu- 208. Dupressoir, Joseph Francois 435
gene 386 209. Diirer, Albrecht 438
185. Delaunay, Jules lie 388 210. Dusart, Cornelis 438
186. Delobbe, Francois Alfred 389 211. Dyck, Anton van 443
187. Dernier, Baltliasar . 391 212. Dyck, Philip van 443
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Sir Thomas Lawrence. fresques, etc. Paris, 1867.
London, 1831.
Willshire. Introduction to Ancient Prints.
Wilmot-Buxton, H. J. English Painters. Lon- See Jahrbucher.
don, 1883. Zanelli, Ippolito. Vita del gran pittore
Wilson. Life and Works of Michel Angelo. 1876. Carlo Cignani. Bologna, 1722.
Witte, Leopold. Michel Angelo Buonarroti. Zanetti, Girolamo. Elogio di Rosalba Cam-
Eudolstadt, 1878. era. Venice, 1818.
Woltmann, Alfred. Holbein und seine Zeit. Zani, D. Pietro. Enciclopedia metodica delle
Leipsic, 1874-76. belle arti. Parma, 1819.
Woltmann, Alfred. Geschichte der deutschen Zanotto, Francesco. II Fiore della scuola
Kunst im Elsass. Leipsic, 1876.
pittorica veneziana. Trieste.
Woltmann, Alfred. Aus vier Jahrhunderten Zanotto, Francesco. Pinacoteca della acca-
niederlandisch-deu tscher Kunstgeschich- demia veneta. Venice, 1830.
te. Berlin, 1878. Zeitschrift fur bildende Kunst, herausgegeben
Woltmann, Alfred, und Karl Woermann. Ge- von Dr. Carl von Liitzow. Leipsic, 1866-
schichte der Malerei. Leipsic, 1879-82. 85.
Wolzogen, Alfred Freiherr von. Aus Schink- Zimmermann, Robert. Studien und Kritiken.
els Nachlass. Berlin, 1862-63-64. Vienna, 1870.
xxxviii
 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Acad., Academy. L. of Honour, Legion of Honour.

A.N.A Associate of the National Academy.
,
Mus., Museum.
A.R.A., Associate of the Royal Academy. N.A., National Academy or Academician.
A.R.H.A, Associate of the Royal Hiber- Nat. Gal, National Gallery.
nian Academy. Pal., Palace, Palais, Palazzo.

A.R.S.A., Associate of the Royal Scottish R, Royal.

Academy. R.A., RoyalAcademy or Academician.
C. & C., Crowe and Cavalcaselle. R.H.A., Royal Hibernian Academy or

Cat., Catalogue.
Academician.
Ch., Church. R.S.A., Royal Scottish Academy or Acad-
emician.
Col., Collection.
Gal., Gallery. S., San, Santa.

H., Height. SS., Santi, Sante.

ib., ibidem. S. M., Santa Maria.

idem. St., Saint.
id.,

Inst., Institute.
W. & W., Woltmann and Woermann.

on
place of articles
tlte subjects qxctfed.
%* Words in italics indicate the alphabetical

ixxix
 CYCLOPEDIA

PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS

CARL FREDERIK, bom '

Sehidone in the Palazzo Commuiiale, Mo-

at Oclensc, Denmark, Jan. 29, 1833.
dena, parts of which still exist. In the Mo-
AAGAARD,Landscape painter, first instructed in dena Gallery are four pictures of this master,
bis native place, then pupil of Copenhagen
namely, the Marriage (?), Annunciation, and
Academy, and in 1853 of P. C. Skovgnard. Presentation of the Virgin, and the Birth of
Visited Italy before 1871, and in 1875-76. St. John
Baptist. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., L 9 ;

Member of
Copenhagen Academy in 1874. Vedriaui, Pittori
Modenesi, 102. . . .

Works: Wild Flowers (1857); View in' ABBATE, NICCOLo DELL', bora in
Jaegersburg Deer-park (18G5), Copenhagen Modeua about 1512, died in Paris in 1570.
Gallery Views on Island of Moeu.
;
Sigurd Lombard school son of a painter named ;

Miiller, 3 Weilbach, 7.
; Giovanni (died at Modena, 1559), but
AALST. See A, -I*!. whether Abbate is the family name, or a
AARESTRUP, MARIE HELENE, born patronymic derived from Abba or Abate, a
at Flekkefjord, Norway, in 1829. Genre village in the territory of Reggio, or was
and portrait painter pupil in Bergen of adopted by Nieeolo in recognition of his
;

Reusch, landscape painter, in Paris (185(5) master the Abate Primaticcio, is still uncer-
of Tissier, and in Diisseldorf of Vautier. tain, although it has Ijeen much discussed.
Works Playing Child and Shepherd's Boy, He went with Primaticcio to France about
:

Art Union, Christiania Interior of Hotel 1531, and after several years returned to
;

Cluny in Paris, Flower Girl, Gothenburg Italy and executed many works in Bologna
Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 2. and Modena in 1551 or 1552, he again ;

ABATE CICCIO, L'. See Rolimena. crossed the Alps to assist Primaticcio in
ABBATE (Abate, Abati), ERCOLE decorating the CbUeau de Fontaiucbleau,
DELL', died Jan. 20, 1613. Lombardo-Mo- where, in 1570, Cutheriue de Medicis com-
denese school ;
eldest son of Giulio Camillo, missioned him to paint frescos of the La-
and grandson of Niccolo Abbate worked ;
bours of Hercules, the Loves of Vcrtuin-
mostly in Modena. Painted several Ma- nus, and incidents in the life of Alexander
donnas for the Modeuese churches, also a the Niccolu also painted frescos
Great.
Hercules and the Nemean lion but princi- ;
after the designs of Primaticcio in the
pal work is a fresco of Labours of Hercules, Hotel de Guise, the Hotel de Montmorency,
executed in connection with Bartolommeo and the Chateau de Beauregard near Blois
 ABBATI
Essentially an imitator, and an eclectic periodicals, but has done good work in
whose style was a mixture of the Corre-
water colours. Studio in New York until
gesque and Roman schools, Niccolo had a 1883, when he removed to London. Mem-
great reputation, and is mentioned by Agos- ber of New York Water Colour Society and
tino Caracci in a famous sonnet, as combin- of London Institute of Water Colours.

ing in his style all the qualities most desir- Works Stage Office (1876), R. G. Dun, New
:

able for a painter to possess. Of his Italian York; Evil Eye (1877), Lady in a Gar-
frescos, several from the Palazzo Scandiano den (1878), J. W. Harper, ib. Rose in Oc- ;

transferred to canvas are in the gallery at tober (1879), J. P. Townsend, ib. the Wid- ;

Modena, the best of which represent singers ower (1883); Reading the Bible (1884),
and players on musical instruments. Twelve Andrew Carnegie, ib.
subjects are taken from the Mneid. In the ABBOTT, FRANCIS |
LEMUEL, born in
University, also, there is a frieze of men Leicestershire, England, in 1760, died in
'

and maidens. Of the joint works of Prima- London in 1803. Pupil of Frank Hayman ;
ticcioand Niccolo at Fontainebleau little is went to London in 1780, and occasionally ex-
distinguishable, and of that of Niccolo, hibited portraits at the Academy from
nothing, as the Great Gallery where he 1788 to 1800. Among his best works are
painted the Gods of Olympus and the j
Viscount Bridport, Earl Macartney, Sir
story of Ulysses was destroyed in 1738. George Staunton, Nelson, Nollekens, and
Whether the life-size Diana in the chateau Vancouver in the National Portrait Gallery ;

is by the master or the

pupil is uncertain. Admiral Sir Peter Parker, Nelson, Green-
Among Niccolo's few authentic paintings are wich Hospital. Redgrave Catalogue Na- ;

the Rape of Proserpine, Stafford House, tional Portrait Gallery, 408.

London and a Holy Family in his Corre-
; ABD-EL-KADER, CAPTURE OF THE
gesque manner, at Kedlestou Hall, near SMALA OF, Horace Vernet, Versailles
Derby, the Museum ; canvas, H. 16 ft. x 71 ft. The
ATA 7)u3- i seat of Lord smala, consisting of his camp, court, harem,
Scarsdale. and treasury, was taken by surprise, May
Vasari, ed. LeMon., xi. 211 ;
xiii. 5 ; Meyer, 16, 1843, by Due d'Aumale at the head of
Kunst. Lex., i. 4 Burckhardt, 682 Miind- two cavalry regiments.
; ;
Booty of immense
ler,Essai (Paris, 1850). value and 5,000 prisoners were captured.
ABBATI, GIUSEPPE, born Naples Abd-el-Kader was absent at the time.
in
in 1836, died in Florence, Feb. 20, 1868.
ABEL, (Genesis iv. 8), An- DEATH OF
Genre and landscape painter; son and drea Schiavone, Palazzo Pitti, Florence can- ;

pupil of Vincenzo A,, of Naples studied ;

!

vas, H. 7 ft. x 6 ft. 2 in. Cain in the act of

also at Venice
Academy until 1852. In striking Abel, who, prostrate, tries to ward
1860 and 1866 he joined the volunteers off the blow
background, a wooded land- ;

under Garibaldi, and then retired to the

scape, with a dead goat. Baldinucci calls it
Tuscan coast to paint nature and peasant Samson
killing a Philistine. Catalogue Pal-
life, in the treatment of which he resembles azzo Pitti.

Jules Breton. Scarcely had he reached a By Tintoretto, Venice Academy canvas. ;

prominent place among modem Italian Ruskin says this picture and its
companion
painters, when he died of a bite from his Adam and "
are the best piece, Eve, possible
dog. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 10.
examples of what, in absolute power of
ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN born ni painting, is supremest work, so far as I
Philadelphia, United States, in 1852. Genre know, in all the world." One of four sub-
painter, pupil of Pennsylvania Academy of jects from Genesis, painted for the former
Fine Arts. Best known as an illustrator of Scuola della Trinita.
!

Lavice, 462.
 ABEL
ABEL, JOSEF, born at Asehach, Upper Museum ; St.
Stephen preaching the Gospel
j

Austria, 17G8, died iu

in Vicuna, Oct. 4, (1817), St. Etienue du Mont ; Baptism of
1818. History and portrait painter pupil Clovis (1824), Cathedral of Reims St. Peter
;
;

of Vienna Academy ; obtained iu 1794 the reviving Tabitha (1827), St. Peter, Douai ;

gold medal for his Diedalus and Icarus. Burial of the Madonna, Notre Dame, Paris.
In 1795 he accompanied Prince Czartoryski Ch. Blanc, ficolo fran<;aise Siret, 729 ; ;

to Poland, whence, notwithstanding brilliant Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 22. !

offers from Russia, he returned to Vienna, ABELS, JACOBUS THKODOKUH,

and remained there until 1801, when he bora iu Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sept 1,
went to Rome, where he sketched and partly 1803, died in Abcoude, June 18, 18(!(J.
finished several of his most important works. Landscape painter pupil of Jan van Raven-
;

After 1807 he resided at Vienna and became swaay. Went to Germany in 182(5, and
member of the Academy in 1815. Abel is after his return settled at the Hague, where
better known by his engravings than by his he married a daughter of the painter P. G.
pictures. Works Hector and Andromache,
: van Os. His moonlight landscapes are es-
Audromache with Hector's Body, Antigone, pecially noteworthy. Works Fir Grove
:

Prometheus, Socrates saving Therameues, with Cattle, Wood Landscape, View of the
Klopstock and Homer entering Elysium Downs, National Museum, Amsterdam.
(1807), Vienna Museum Cato of Utica, Die- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 23.
;

dalus and Icarus, Vienna Academy Socrates ABELDGAARD, NICOLAI ABRAHAM,

; ]

as Sculptor, Amor, Tibullus in Ecstasy, Hor- bom in Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 11,
ace at Tibur, Scene from Olympian Games, 1742, died at Fredriksdal, June 4, 1809.
Oath over Corpse of Lucretia, Darmstadt Son of Soren A., the Norwegian draughts-
Gallery Socrates dictating his Will, Seiz- man, and pupil of Copenhagen Academy,
;

ure of Antigone, Liechtenstein Gallery, Vi- where he won the great medal iu 17G7.
1772-77 became, after
enna. Andreseu, iii. 70 Meyer, Kiiust. Studied iu Italy in
;
;

Lex., i. 20. his return in the latter year, a member of

ABEL DE PUJOL, ALEXANDRE the Academy, professor iu 178G, and its di-
born Valenciennes, France, rector from 178!)
in to 1792, and from 1802 to
DENIS,
Jan. 30, died in Paris, Sept. 28, his death. His principal work, a series of
1785,
in the castle of Christ-
1861. History painter, pupil of the Acad- Allegories (1791)

VUI, delivered his funeral oration. Works

Rome, and resided iu that city five years.
Officer, 1835 Philoctetes, Danish Ladies sacrificing their
Legion of Honour, 1822 ; ;

Member of Academy, 1835. Earlier works Jewelry to ransom King Svend, Cupid
ones, rates in Ecstacy, Jupiter scenes from
Hi
are the best, especially the allegorical ;

He painted a number of pictures, now iu let, Richard HI., Macbeth, Henry \H

and 1
the Louvre, for the government, and exe- illustrations to Terence, Apuleius,
cuted works in several churches of Paris gesen. Meyer, Kirnst Lex., i.

and in the provincial museums. Works : bach, 9.

Renaissance des Arts, a fresco (1819, de- ABOUKIR, BATTLE OF, Baron i
(

stroyed in 185G), copy in the Louvre Ly- Versailles Museum, ;

the Heir Apparent to the 1799. Scene the final cavalry ch, :

curgus presenting
Turks were dn
Lacedaemonians (1810), Ecole des Beaux Murat, when the
Arts Isaac Blessing the Children of Jacob the sea. Fort of Aboukir, enem
;

and in back;
(1810) Death of;
Britaimicua (1814), Dijon ships
 ABRAHAM
Lefebre.-Lan- Sonlt, who sold it (1835), with the Prodigal
'

180G. En-raved bv A.
Plates 1-3; Galerie de Son by Murillo
.
and St.Francis Borgia by
No 660 Bertliier, Kelation Velasquez, to Duke of Sutherland for 500,-
Versailles ;

185. 000 fr. Engraved in outline, Reveil iv.

de 1'Expedition d'Egypte,
ABRAHAM AND ANGELS (Genesis 271. Palomino, 111. 422 Cean 1 ermudez ; ;

xviii of
Murillo,
London Stirling, ii. 852 Ponz, Viage, ix. 147 Cur-
Duke Norfolk, ; ; ;

2)
Three 115 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 68.
canvas H. 6 ft. 4 in. x 8 ft. 1 in. tis, ;

angels, habited as pilgrims and bearing

ABRAHAM AND HAGAR. See llagar.
ABRAHAM, HIS-
TORY OF. See Raph-
ael's Bible.
ABRAHAM, SACRI-
FICE OF (Genesis xxii.),
Cris. Allori, Palazzo Pitti,
Florence ; canvas, H. 5 ft.

7 in. x 4 ft. 3 in. Abra-

ham, about to sacrifice
Isaac in a rocky place,
has his arm arrested by
an angel who points to
the ram in the thicket ;

in back-ground, two ser-

vants and a pack-horse.
Engraved by Rossi. Gal.
du Pal. Pitti, i. PI. 2.

By Murillo, Wm. C.
Cartwright, Aynhoe ,

Northamptonshire, Eng. ;

canvas, H. 2 ft. 9 in. x 3

ft. 7 in. Abraham, in a
white turban, blue coat,
Abraham and Angels, Murillo, Stafford House.
and red mantle, has a
staves, two seatedand one stand- brazier of coals in his right hand while his
at a table

ing ; bearing a left rests on his sword Isaac, in red and

Abraham approaching, ;

dish of smoking meat behind him, Sarah blue, walks before, carrying wood. Brought
;

at the door of the house in background, from Spain in 17GO by John Blackwood,
;

Hagar and Ishmael. Engraved by G. E. from whom obtained by inheritance. Cur-

Price mezzotint by G. S. and J. G. Facius. tis, 117.
;

Curtis, 117. By Raphael, Stanza d'Eliodoro, Vatican ;

By Murillo, Stafford House, London ;
can- fresco on ceiling. Abraham holding Isaac on
vas, H. 7 ft. 9 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. On left, the altar and about to complete the sacrifice
three angels, habited as pilgrims and bear- when an angel arrests his arm ; another an-
ing staves Abraham, kneeling, pointing gel descending from heaven with the ram.
;

with both hands to his house behind, invites Painted in 1513-14. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv.
them to enter. Companion to St. Peter in 346 ; Passavant, i. 159 ; Muntz, 370 ; Gruyer,
Prison, Hermitage one of eight large pic- Fresques, 241.
;

tures painted in 1670-1674 for Hospital of By Rembrandt, Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

La Caridad, Seville ;
carried off by Marshal canvas, H. 6 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 3 in Abraham,
 ABSOLOX
with one hand on Isaac's face, who lies carried from Holland by French nnd
pre-
bound on a pile of wood, is alxwt to execute sented by Napoleon in 1811. Smaller copy
the command with the other, when an angel in Madrid Museum. Engraved by Surupue
pi-re. GaL Roy. de Dresde, i. PL 8 ; Vas-
ari, ed. Mil, v. 51 ; C. & C., Italy, iiL 577.

By fuxlvma, Duomo, Pisa ; wood, figures

life size. Painted in 1042. Curried to Paris
in 1811 ;
returned in 1814. Vasari, ed. Mil.,
vi. 397.

By D. Tenierx, Vienna Museum ; canvas,

H. 4 ft.1 in. x 3 ft 3 in.; signed, dated
1653. Abraham and Isaac kneeling in prayer
before an altar, on which is a fire and a ram

ready for sacrifice in distance, a landscape,

;

with two sen-ants and an ass. Engraved

by Berkowez. Gal. de Vieune, iiL PL 157.
ABSOLON, JOHN, born at Lambeth,
England, May 6, 1815. Genre painter,
*
chiefly in water colours pupil of Ferrigi ;

supported himself when young by painting

^. portraits in oil in 1838 became a member
;

'

fi -.

Sacrifice of Abraham, Rembrandt, Hermitage.

if
seizes his arm and the knife falls from his

grasp. Houghton Gallery, whence passed in

1779, for 300, to Hermitage. Engraved
by Murphy; Haide. Ch. Blanc, Rembrandt,
401.

By Andrea del Sarto, Dresden Gallery ;

wood, H. 7 ft. 7 in. x 5 ft. 8 in.; signed.

Abraham, about to slay Isaac on an altar, is
arrested by a boy angel from above at one ;

side, the ram caught in the thicket ;

at the

other, in background, a naked man watching

an ass. Painted in 1529, for Francis I, but
in Andrea's possession at his death in 1531 ;

presented by Filippo Strozzi to Alfonso

d'Avalos ;
after many wanderings, returned Sacnfio of Abraham, Andta del Sarto, Drt*in GallTr.
to Florence and placed in Tribune of the
Water Colour Society, from
Uffizi exchanged for a Correggio with the of the New
;

Duke of Modeua, and finally sold to Augus- which he withdrew in 1858, and
exhibited
an oil Boulogne, 1857
Copy in Lyons Museum, in Academy
;
tus EL of Saxony. picture,
 ACCORDEE
returned to Water Colour Society in 1861. (1589), Bonn Cathedral Pieta, Martyrdom ;

In 1859, he visited Switzerland and Italy. of St. Sebastian, do. of Magdalen, Jesuit
church, Munich Altai-piece with Christ
Works Savoyard Boy, First Sup (1839) ; ;
:

Vicar of Wake- crucified, Kreuzkapelle, ib. nine biblical,

Singing for a Wife (1840)
;
;

Paul and Virginia mythological, and genre scenes, Vienna

field in Prison (1842) ;

Mac- Museum liaising of Lazarus, Nativity, St.

of Midas, Captain
(1843) ; Judgment ;

Portrait of
heatli Betrayed (1844) Threading the Mary and Carthusian Monk,
;

First Broelman all in Co-

Needle (184C) Plenty (1849) ; Night Burgomaster (1588),;

in a Convent (1853) The Baptism (1856) lone Museum Ave Maria,

;
Christ raising ; ;

Tt-te-a-Tete (1860) ;Mdlle. the Widow's Son, Truth victorious under

Boulogne (1858) ;

Protection of Justice, twelve

de Sombreuil (1861) ; Courtship of Gains-
borough (1863); (1876); The Beacon portraits of Bavarian princes
and princesses, all at Schleiss-
Returning from Church, Bringing in the
Maypole (1883). Art Journal (1862), 201 ;
Leim Gallery. Allgem. d.

34. 29 Artisti italiani e

Ottley; Meyer, Klinst. Lex., i. ; Campori,
ACCORDEE DE VILLAGE. See Village strauieri, 245 Kugler (Crowe), i. 271 ;

Bride. Meyer, Kiinst, Lex., i. 39 ; Organ f. christL

ACHAED, JEAN ALEXIS, born at Vo- K, xv. 155.

reppe, Isere, France, June 8, 1807, died in ACHENBACH, ANDREAS, bom in Cas-

Grenoble, Oct., 1884. Landscape painter, sel, Sept. 29,

self-taught ;
went in 1835,
to Paris and 1815. Land-
exhibited first at the Salon in 1839 ;
has scape and mar-
travelled in Egypt.Medals 3d class, 1844 :
;
ine painter, pu-
2d class, 1845, 1848 3d class, 1855. ; pil of Diisseldorf
Works Valley of the Isere (1844) Grande
: ; Academy (1827
Chartreuse (1845) Mill of Cremieux (1848)
; ; -1835) under
Autumn Landscape (1853) Sea Coast near ;
Schirmer, and
Honfleur (1861) Waterfall (1863)
;
Cas- ;
one of the most
cade of Cernay-la-Ville (1866), Luxembourg ; distinguished
View near Cernay (1870). Others in Muse- painters of the
ums at Grenoble and Avignon. Meyer, school. His
Kunst. Lex., i. 38. early views of the Rhine country are fresh
ACHELOUS. See Hercules and Achelous. and individual. Later, he widened his
ACHEN, JOHANN or HANS VON, born range by visiting Holland (1832-33), Nor-
inCologne in 1562, died in Prague, Jan. 6, way (1835), the Bavarian Tyrol (1836), and
1615. History and portrait painter, Ger- Italy (1843). After his return to Diissel-
man school pupil of C. Jerrigh in Cologne dorf in 1846, he painted a great number of
;

and of Kaspar Reins in Venice studied ;

German and Norwegian landscapes, treating
Michelangelo and Tintoretto in Italy, and mountain, forest, and sea with like ability
returned home iu 1588. In 1590 he was and power. Achenbach is a member of the
called to Munich by Duke William V., be- Berlin, Amsterdam, and Antwerp Academies,
came painter to the Emperor Rudolph II., and has received many orders and medals.
resided at Prague after 1601, and in 1612 Paris Salon medal 3d class, 1839 1st class,
: ;

was appointed court painter to Matthias I. 1855 3d class, 1867 L. of Honour, 1864.
; ;

He was a mannerist like Goltzius and Works in galleries of Berlin, Munich, Frank-
Spranger, and very much overrated by his fort, Darmstadt, Carlsruhe, Diisseldorf, and
contemporaries. Works Crucifixion (1588), in many private collections in Europe in
'

:
;

Protestant church, Cologne Entombment the United States, ill collections of Miss C.
;
 AC11ENHACI1
L. Wolfe, T. A. Havemeyer, Aug. Belmont, phia Street in
Naples, Joseph W. Drexel, |
;

R. Hoe, J. W. Drexel, E. D. Morgan, and N. Y.; Coliseum at Rome, Sta. Lucia, Tem-
R. L. Cutting, New York H. C. Gibson, ple of Vesta and St. Peter's, Convent
; of
John D. Lankennu, and Mrs. W. P. Wil- Vico, John D. Lankenau, Philadel-
stach, Philadelphia J~ m \ phia Bay of Naples, Summer
; ;

*/ \*
H. P. Kidder, Boston ; I Night's Festival at Naples, Win.
W. T. W. -*
Walters, J. Astor, N. Y. Meyer, Kimst. Lex., L 4G;
Garrett, Baltimore ;
J. Brockhaus, i. 104 Muller, 3.

M,M.
;

Longworth, Cincinna- ACHILLES, ancient picture. See Alhen-

ti. Brockhaus, i. 103 ;

Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 43 Mailer, 2 ; ; Nord ACHILLES, EDUCATION OF, Jean Hey-
u. Slid, xv. 381 Pecht, iii. 328.
; nanlt, Louvre ; canvas, H 8 ft 6 in. x 6
ACHENBACH, OSWALD, born in Diis- ft. 11 in. The young Achilles, nude, about
seldorf, Feb. 2, 1827. Landscape paiuter, to shoot an arrow, turns his head toward
brother and pupil of Andreas, but his the Centaur Chiron, who, behind him, left,
conception of nature is more ideal. Vis-
ited the Bavarian Alps at an early period,
and went to Switzerland and Italy in 1845,
1850, and 1851. His representations of
southern scenery and of peculiar atmos-
pheric effects are of rare excellence. Medals :

Paris, 3d class, 1859 2d class, 1861, 1863

; ;

L. of Honour, 1803. Works Park Laud- :

scape, Villa Chigi, Entry of a Cardinal into

Ariccia (1851) Castel Gandolfo (1853)
; ;

Nocturnal Funeral in Palestrina, Pilgrims

from the Abruzzi (1861) Reapers in the ;

Campagna (1863) Torre del Greco (1868)

; ;

Street in Torre dell' Aunuuziata, Olive Har-

vest at Sorrento, Campo Santo at Naples ;

Festival in Araceli, Strand of Naples at a

Church Festival, Naples and Vesuvius, Even-
ing between Ceprano and Sora (1874) Pal- ;

ace of Queen Joanna, Breslau Museum ;

Villa Torlonia at Frascati, Market of Amain,

National Gallery, Berlin Vesuvius after ;

Storm, Bay of Naples, Inauguration at Cas- Education of Achillet. Regniult. Louvtt.

tellainare, Castle of Ischia. The following

are in the United States Home of Garibaldi appears to give instruction in background,
: ;

in Caprera, D. W. Powers, Rochester a dead lion, and, on the rocks above, a ser- ;

Naples at Midnight, F. C. Sales, Pawtucket, pent. Salon, 1783. Engraved by Bervic.-

L 23.
R. L; Fish Market, Naples, H. Probasco, Rcveil, v. 305 Landon, Musce, ;

Cincinnati Night at Capri, Judge G.

;
ACHTSCHELLINCK (Achtacheflinckx),

Hoadley, Storm in Roman LUCAS, born in Brussels, baptised Jan. 16,

Cincinnati ;
169!).
Campagna, View near Rome, C. H. Wolff, 1626, died there, buried May 12,
W. P. Landscape painter, Flemish school, pupil
Philadelphia Staircase Street, Mrs.
;

Wilstach, Philadelphia Ball-Players ut of Pieter

Van der Borelit master of Brus-
;
;

Villa Torlonia, Mrs. J. G. Fell, Philadel- sels guild in 1657.

Was of considerable
 ACKEK
merit ;
worked and monaster- (1851) Mary Stuart derided by the People
for churches ;

ies. Works Landscapes (2 : with figures by of Edinburgh (1854)

Ferruccio at the De- ;

Pieter Bout), Dresden Gallery three, for- fence of Volterra (1854) Trieste proclaimed
;
;

merly in Pommersfelden Gallery three, a free Port

; Ugon da Duino entrusted with ;

Museum, Bruges two, City Hall, ib. oth-

;
the Government ;
of Trieste (1855) Recep- ;

ers in churches at Brussels. Kiiust. tion of the Milanese in Brescia in 1162

Meyer, j

Lex., i. 50 ; Weale, Bruges et ses environs (1857) ;

Confession of Louis XI. (1858) ;

Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi Tintoretto

(1846), 21.
;

ACKER, JACOB, flourished in Ulm, sec- and his Daughter Last Moments of Marino ;

ond half 15th century. German school. He Faliero Anna Erizzo rejecting Mohammed's ;

is the only one of a family of painters of Love ;

Erasmus and Bolognese Students ;

whom work exists, viz.,

a well-authenticated Youth of Spinoza Dante received in Ver-
;

the pictures on the side wings and the pre- ona by Cane della Scala Sally of the Mi- ;

della of an altarpiece painted in 1483, which lanese against Barbarossa (1863) The Kelts ;

is preserved in the chapel of St. Leonard at as first Inhabitants of the Rocks at Mira-
the Cemetery of Eisstipen, Ehingen. They mar Roman Festival Emperor Leopold I. ; ;

represent Christ and the Disciples, and visiting Grignano Monastery ; Archduke
male and female saints. Meyer, Kuust. Maximilian receiving the Delegation from
Lex., i. 51. Mexico Departure of the Imperial Couple ;

ACKERMANN, JOHANN ADAM, born from Miramar Arrival of Empress Eliza- ;

in Mentz in 1780, died in Frankfort in 1853. beth at Miramar Allegory representing ;

Landscape painter studied in Mentz and Maximilian planning the building of Mira-
;

in Paris under David, then in Aschaffenburg, mar. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 54.
and from 1804 in Frankfort. Most success- ACT/EON. See Diana and Actseon.
ful in his winter landscapes taken in the ADAM, ALBRECHT, born at Nordlingen,
Tauuus, Spessart, and Odenwald. Works April 16, 1786, died in Munich, Aug. 28,
:

View of Auerbach, View near Borghetto, 1862. Painter of military genre and of
Darmstadt Gallery. His brother, Georg horses at Nuremberg in 1803 painted por- ;

Friedrich (1787-1843), was also a landscape traits and small hunting scenes, but after-
painter. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 51. wards, under the influence of Rugendas in
ACQUA, CESARE DELL', born in Pira- Augsburg, took up military subjects, for
no, Istria, July 22, 1821. History, genre, and which he found ample material during the
portrait painter pupil from 1842 of the Austrian campaign of 1809.
; Went with
Venice, and from 1847 of the Paris Acad- Eugene Beauharnais as court painter to
emy, then in Brussels of Gallait, whose Italy, and in 1812 to Russia returned in ;

influence is, next to that of the Venetian 1815 to Munich, and found employment at
school, most observable in his pictures. court. In 1829 he worked in Stuttgart for
From 1857 to 18G8, after a previous journey the king of Wiirtemberg, and in 1850 painted
to Italy, he won his greatest success with in Vienna the battles of the Austrian
army
historical paintings, among which are a se- under
Radetzky. Works Battle of Leoben :

ries executed in 1858-G6 in the Villa of Mir-

(1811) Battles of Moschaisk and Malojar- ;

amar for the Arch-duke Maximilian. Works oslawetz, besides 85 other scenes from cam-
:

Last Moments of Niccolo Macchiavelli paign of 1812 sixteen battle pieces from
; ;

Provenzano Silvani begging for Ransom of Life of Eugene Beauharnais

(1841, St. Peters-
a Friend Cromwell on the Battlefield burg) Battle of Abendsberg (182G); Paint-
; ; ;

John preaching in the Desert (1851) Jesus er's studio Berlin Museum Battle
;
(1835), ;

calling Little Children (1854) ;

The Brothers on the Moskwa (1835) Battles of Custozza, ;

Degli Uberti in the Battle of Monte Aperto Novara, and Sta. Lucia (1850) Battle of ;
 ADAM
Temesvar (1853) Battle of Zonulorf (18C1); paigns in 1849 and 1850. Settled at Munich
;

numerous horse-pieces and small genre in 1850. Member of Munich and Vienna
scenes and portraits. Academies Order of St Michael great ; ;

Allgem. d. Biogr., i. 44 ; gold medal at Berlin, 1875. Works Eques- :

Brockhaus, 128 Meyer, *f\ l r

i. ; trian Portrait
Kiinst. Lex., C5 Reguet, i. 1.
i. ; of Francis Jo-
ADAM, BENNO, born in Munich, July seph (1857) ;

15, 1812. Son and pupil of Albrecht, and do. of Field

one of the best animal painters of the Marshal Rad-
Munich school. Has been called the Ger- etzky; Episode
man Laudseer on account of his skill in from battle of
treating domestic animals, combined with Solferiuo
human figures. Works ; Fox Chase, Prince (1867); Skir-
Karl of Fiirstenberg, Donaueschiugen ; mish between
Wounded Stag, Prince Max of Fiirstenberg, Austrian Uh-
Prague Meyer, Kiiust Lex., i. G9. lans and Pied-
ADAM, EMIL, born in Munich, May 20, moutese Dragoons (1868); Retreat from
1843. Painter of horses, equestrian por- Russia (1869), National Gallery, Berlin;
traits, and hunting scenes pupil of his Battle of Sedan (1874), Duke of Saxe-Mein-
;

father Benno, and his uncle Franz, and in ingeu, replica ( 1879), National Gallery, Ber-
figure painting of Portaels at Brussels (18G5). lin ; Bavarian Corps before Orleans (1879),
Works Meet at Pardubitz (00 hunters on Munich Gallery ; Transportation of Prison-
:
j

horseback, 18G8, Princess Maria Kiusky) ers after Sedan (1880) Hungarian Homes ; J
;

Hunt at Lippspriug (40 persons, 1871, Duke on the Danube (1881). Brockhaus, i. 129 ;

of Nassau) Hungarian Stud Horses during Meyer, Kiinst Lex., i. 70 Miiller, 4.

; ;

an Inundation Stud of Horses (li G. Dun,

; ADAM, HEINRICH, bora at Xiirdliugen
N. Y.) Meyer, Kiiust Lex., i. 72 filler, 5. ;
M
in 1787, died in Munich, Feb. 15, 1862.

ADAM, EUGEN, born in Munich, Jan. Landscape painter, brother of Albrecht, j

22, 1817, died there, June 4, 1880. Genre studied at Augsburg and Munich in 1K08.
painter, third son and pupil of Albrecht, Visited Italy in 1811, 1813, and 1819,
after

whom he accompanied (1848) to the seat which time he gave up etching and devoted
of war in Italy, where he remained until himself to landscape painting. His views
1856. Able painter of soldier life in peace of the Bavarian Alps, Switzerland, and Upper
and war, as also of picturesque customs and Italy are true to nature, though somewhat
manners in Hungary, Croatia, and D.ilmatia, sober and dry in execution. Works View :

which he -visited in 1844-47. Manoeuvre of Como (1822) Max-

S* A ;

under command of the Emperor of Austria J" se l )U Square, and 11

tT\.
*^ *** * ' O j2 views of monumental
3
(1851) two
;
scenes from Conquest of Mnl-
ghuera (1852), Collection of Emperor of buildings Marienplatz with 14 frame pic- ;

Austria ;
Wounded Soldier (1859), Munich tures, Munich Gallery. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
Gallery ; Cavalry Skirmish (1868). Meyer, i. 68.
Kiiust. Lex., i. 71 ;
Kunst Chronik, xv. 646 ; ADAM, JEAN VICTOR, born in Paris,

Illustr. Zeitg. (1880), i. 513. Jan. 28, 1801, died in Viroflay, Jan. 1, 1867.
of Moynicr
ADAM, FRANZ, born in Milan, May 4, Military and genre painter, pupil
1815. Painter of military subjects and Hun- and Regnault. After 1840 chiefly occupied

garian scenes, like his father

and master himself with designs for lithographic albums.
of the French into Meutz,
Albrecht, and his brother Eugen, with whom Works: Entry
he followed the Italian and cam- Buttles of Castiglioue, Neuwied, Moutebello,
Hungarian
 ADAM
Surrender of Nordlingen, do. of Meiningen, By A. Diircr, Palazzo Pitti, Florence wood, ;

allatVer- diptych each panel, H. 6 ft. 10 in. x 2 ft. 8

;

|
)
-j
sallies; in. Figures full length, life size, nude. I.
L/. , /I I ThePos- Adam standing under a tree, his hair flowing
ccb>r csbJam E tillion
e tur n
over his shoulders, holding in left hand the
branch with the apple offered by Eve, while
from the Chase. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 73. the right hangs down, the fingers making a

ADAM, CEEATION OP (Genesis i. 27), deprecatory gesture by his side a wild boar
;

Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Eome ;

fresco and a stag's head
in foreground, a cock-
;

on ceiling. Adam, fully formed, lies on the pheasant. Eve, standing under a tree,
II.

receives in her left hand the forbidden fruit

verge of the earth in the act of rising, as if
he felt for the first time the spark of life from the serpent, twined around a limb, and
;

above, at right, the Eternal, represented as with the other offers the branch to Adam ;

an aged man with white hair and beard, behind her a lioness asleep ;
two parrots are

Creation of Adam, Michelangelo, Sistine Chape!.

upborne by genii, and enveloped in violet- perched upon the tree, and in foreground
grey drapery which is swelled out by the are two partridges. Painted in 1507. In
wind, stretches out his hand as if to bid IGth century in Eathhaus, Nuremberg,
Adam arise. Engraved by D. Cunego. whence passed into collection of Emperor
Grimm (Bunnett), i. 333 ; "Wey, Eome, 326 ; Eudolph II. Old copies in Madrid and
Kugler, 301 Klas. der Malerei, PI. xxii.,
; Mentz Museums. The latter, probably by
Text, 98. Juvenel, replaced original at Nuremberg ;

ADAM AND EVE, Carlo Cignani, Hague was carried off by the French in 1796, and
Museum; canvas, H. 7 ft. x 4 ft. 10 in. returned to Mentz. Original engraved by
Nude, seated, Eve presenting the apple at Calzi and Ferretti in Bardi. Thausing, ii.
;

left, the tree of life, around which is wound 2. 277

Ephrussi, 141 Passavant, Christ-
; ;

the serpent, holding an apple in its mouth liche Kunst in Spanien, 142.
;

at right, below, a lioness and her cub. Painted

By Filippino Brancacci Lippi, Chapel,
in 1703. Engraved by Pierron ; Devillier. Carmine, Florence ; fresco on right wall.
Beveil, xiii. 902 ; Filhol, ii. 98. Adam and Eve, the latter with the apple in

10
 ADAM
her hand, standing under the Tree of Life, Painted in 1511; a fine composition, ex-
around which is coiled the serpent with a tremely pure in style and feeling. Engraved
i

woman's head. The Eve is by V. Solis Fr. Muller R. ; ;

one of the first really beauti- Wibert, and others. PanHa-

ful nude figures in modern vant, 117; Miintz, 34fi; Ch.
i.

art. Kugler (Eastlake), L Blanc, Kri ili- oinbrienne ;

222. Gruyer, Fresques, 73 Per- ;

Michelangelo, Sistine
By kins, Essay, 119.

Chapel, Koine fresco on ; By Rnltens, Hague Munc-

ceiling, H. 10 ft. 7 in. x 31 um wood, H. 2 ft 6 in. x 3

;

ft. 10 in. In centre, the Tree ft. Figures by Rubens, land-

of Life, coiled around which scape by Brueghel. Sold in

the serpent, having the body Madam Backer,
collection of
of a woman, is handing the Leyden, 17GK, for 7350 flor-

fruit to Eve, who reclines on ins. Smith, ii. 113.

rocks at left ;
beside her, Subject treated also by
Adam, standing, is reaching Lucas Crauach, Uffizi, Flor-
up for the fruit at right, ;
ence Fraus Floris, L'ffizi,
;

Adam and Eve, bound with Florence; Domenichino, Ros-

vine leaves, are fleeing be- pigliosi Palace, Rome ;

fore the Angel, who pursues Franceneo Albani, Brussels

from above with a drawn Museum ; Hendrik Goltzius,
sword. Painted in 1512-13. Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

Pistolesi, viii. PI. 107 ;

Re- Puluia Vecchio, Brunswick
veil, xiv. PI. 497. Adam and Gallery ;
and many others.
Eve, Filippino Lippi,
Carmme, Florence. See also Kilen, Expulsion
By Raphael, Camera della

Segnatura, Vatican fresco, on ceiling. Eve, from,

;
and Raphael'*
nude, standing, with one hand on a branch OF FRANKFORT. See Eluheimer. 1
ADAM

Adam and Eve, Michelangelo, Sistine Chupel

born in Mumch in 1837.

twined the ser- ADAMO, MAX,
of the tree, around which is ;

the forbid- History and genre painter, pupil

pent with a woman's head, offers
Munich Academy under PhiL
den fruit to Adam, seated under fig-tree.
a
 ADAN
of Piloty. Works Alva condemning Peers In his earlier time he treated genuine
:

of the Netherlands (1868) ; Full of Robes- landscape, but later gave the preference to

pierre ; Last Meeting between Egmont and

Dutch harbour, shore, canal, and street views.
Orange Meeting between Charles I. and His subjects are well selected, though dry and
;

Cromwell Adept in Laboratory Cromwell somewhat feeble in colour. Works Dutch

; ;
:

dissolving Parliament. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., Canal (1841); Harbour at Amsterdam (1846);
i. 77; Miiller. Dutch Winter Landscapes Landing-place ;

ADAN, LOUIS EMILE, born in Paris, at Dordrecht (1851) View of Ehrenbreit- ;

March 26, 1839. Genre painter, pupil of stein and Coblentz (1854) Sea Harbour in ;

Picot and of Cabanel. Medals: 3d class, Sunlight (1857). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 84.
1875 ;
2d class, 1882. Works Last Day of
: ADOLFI, GIRO, born at Bergamo, Italy,
Sale (1875) Arrival at Chateau (1876) ; SL
;
in 1683, died in 1758. History painter, son
Martin's Summer Room at Fontainebleau,
;
and pupil of Benedetto Adolfi (1640-1720),
H. B. Hurlbut, Cleveland Marguerite at ;
a painter of little reputation. Executed
the Shrine, D. W. Powers, Rochester, N. Y.; frescos in public buildings in Bergamo.
Dancing Lesson (1877), O. D. Munu, N. Y.; Works : Four Evangelists, S. Alessandro
Little Prodigy, Summer at St. Martin (1879); della Croce, Bergamo Deposition from ;

Gulliver at Brob- Cross, S. Maria delle Grazie, ib. ; Decolla-

dignag (1880); tion of St. John, Church
at Colognola.

Singing Lesson ADOLFI, GIACOMO, born at Bergamo

(1881) ;
Autumn in 1682, died in 1741. History painter,
Evening (1882) ;
The Ferryman's Daughter son and pupil of Benedetto Adolfi and
(1883); L'abandonnee ;
Old Chateau (1884); brother of the preceding. Among his best
Anniversary,End of the Journey (1885). works are : the Coronation of the Virgin in
ADEMOLLO, CARLO, born in Florence, the church of the Monastero del Paradiso,
Italy, in 1825. Landscape and military and the Adoration of the Magi in S. Ales-
genre painter, nephew of Luigi A., pupil of sandro della Croce, Bergamo. Other pictures
Bezzuoli became first known through land- in other churches in Bergamo and elsewhere.
;

scapes and animal pieces painted in 1856, ADONE. See Doni.

;

by order of government, the Battle of S. Mar- ADONIS. See Venus and Adonis.
tino (Gallery of modern paintings,
Florence), ADONIS, OF, Moretto, Uffizi, DEATH
and since then chiefly military episodes in Florence canvas, figures life size.
Venus, ;

recent Italian history Death of Cairoli at nude,

:
wearing a diadem, is seated in a glade,
Varese ; Condemnation of Frate Ugo Bassi attended by three and Pan ;
nymphs playing
Stanislas Bechi going to Execution his pipes beside her a Cupid, pointing to
(1865). ;

Meyer, Kiiust. Lex,, i. 84. right, where Adonis lies dead, with the boar
ADEMOLLO, born in Milan, in background. A capital picture,
LUIGI, possibly
died in Florence, Feb. by Sebastian del Piombo instead of Moretto.
Italy, April 30, 1764,
11, 1849. History painter, pupil of the Flor- C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 416 Rosini, v. 241 ; ;

ence Academy; studied afterwards in Rome Molini, Galleria di

Fireuze, i. 145 ; Lavice,
;

was much employed in decorating interiors 34 PI. 40.

; Lasinio, i.

in fresco,
especially in Milan, Florence, and By Paolo Veronese (?), Bridge water House,
Lucca, His works show superficial skill and London canvas, H. 4 ft. 9 in. x 5 ft. 7 in.
;

weak drawing of the nude and of drapery. Venus bewailing the death of Adonis, whose
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 81. head is supported by a Cupid in back- ;

ADLOFF, KARL, born in Dusseldorf in ground, a Cupid and two dogs worry the
1819. Landscape and architecture painter boar. ;
Perhaps by Carlo Caliari. From
pupil of Dusseldorf Academy in 1833-41. collection of Queen Christina of Sweden
 ADORATION
to Orleans Gallery bought by Duke of anil dead bird on a table, in Antwerp Mu-
;

Bridgewater for 150 guineas. Waagen, seuiu. Meyer, Kunsi Lex., j. 80 Itoo* ;

Treasures, ii. 498; Stafford Gallery, ii. PI. 29. (Reber), 422.
ADORATION OF JESUS. See Madonna ADULTERESS. See Woman taken in
in Adoration. I

Adultery.
ADORATION OF KINGS. See Magi. AEKEN, HIERONYMUS VAN See
ADORATION OF THE LAMB. See Bosch.
Eyck, Hubert van. AELST, EVERT VAN, born at Delft
ADORATION OF MAGL See Magi. in 1602, died there in 1658. Dutch school ;

Death of Adonis, Moreno, Uffiii.

ADORATION OF SHEPHERDS. See painted dead game and weapons of the

Shepherds. chase. Works : Two in Berlin Museum ;

ADORATION OF TRINITY. See Trin- Game, Dresden Gallery others in Augs- ;

ity. burg, Schwerin, and Potsdam Galleries.

ADRIAENSSEN, ALEXANDER, born in Kuglcr (Crowe), ii. 520;

Meyer, Kiinst Lex.,

Antwerp, Jan. 17, 1587, died there, Oct. i. 100.

30, 1661. Fish and still life painter, Flem- AELST, WILLEM VAN, born at Delft
in 1620, died in Amsterdam in 1679. Dutch
ish school ;pupil of Artus Van Laeek ;

travelled and came under influence of Ru- school like his uncle and master, Evert
;

bens, and was intimate with Van Dyck, who van Aelst, whom he far excelled, he painted
his Van der dead birds and weapons of the chase, but
painted portrait, engraved by
Does. Works Three pictures in Berlin his favourite subjects were fruit and other
:

etc. In 1643
Museum, one dated 1647. Among his best eatables with drinking glasses,
are four pictures in the Madrid he became a member of the Guild of St
Museum,
and one representing a cat, Luke at Delft He visited France and Italy,
fish, lobsters,
 JfiNEAS

worked Florence for the Grand Duke, tium. Companion piece to Temple of Apol-
at
who presented him with a golden chain and lo ; formed with it at time of French Revo-
chief ornament of the Palazzo Al-
medal, and on his return home in 1G56 set- lution,
tled at Amsterdam. Sometimes signed his tieri, whence bought by Fagan for 9,000
name in Italian "Guglielmo." Works: scudi sold to Mr. Beckford, with four ;

Munich mar- Italian cabinet pictures for 10,000 the

Dead partridges, etc., Gallery ;
;

with dead birds do. with two Claudes passed to E. H. Davies and
ble table (1653),
costly vessels and fruit (1659), Berlin Leigh Court, for
Mu- thence to Sir Philip Miles,

seum three similar subjects, Dresden Gal- 12,000 Leigh Court sale (1884), to Ag- ;
;

lery four in the new for

; 5,800 and 3,800 guineas respectively.

\ / PaL Pitti Flor- Waageu, Treasures, iii. 181 ; Pattison,

>

V. ence ;
Flowers Claude Loraaiu.

^^
x^
(1663), and Still
bom
AEETSZEN, PIETEE,
in Amsterdam in
called Lange-Pier,
1507, died
/
r^? Life <
1671 '
for~ there,

merly at Com- buried Sept. 21, 1573. History and genre

Kugler (Crowe), painter, Dutch school, pupil
of Alaert Claes-
piegne), Hague Museum.
ii. 520; Meyer, Kiinst.
i. 100; De sen
Lex., joined the Antwerp Guild in 1535. ;

Stuers, 3 Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise.

;
Most of his large altarpieces were destroyed
AENEAS AND ANCHISES, LioneUo Spa- by the Iconoclasts in 1566. Works Crucifix- :

da, Louvre; canvas, H. 6 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 3 in. ion, Antwerp

Museum do. (1546), Ant- ;

2Eneas, accompanied by young Ascanius, werp Hospital Egg Dance (1557), Amster- ;

bears on his shoulders his father Anchises, dam Museum Christ bearing the Cross, ;

who received from Creusa, .ZEneas's wife, Berlin Museum Market Scene, Vienna Mu- ;

the penates saved from Troy. Taken to

France in 1634 by the Marechal de Cre-
qui bought after his death (1638) by Car-
;

dinal Eichelieu, who bequeathed it to Louis

XHL, as Lodovico Carracci. seum
a work of Cook with Vegetables and Fruits, ;

Afterward ascribed to Domeuichino. En- Cassel Museum. Kugler (Crowe), i. 248 ;

G. Audran. Villot, Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 104.
graved by Outkitie;
Catalogue Louvre MusOe franQais Filhol,
; AEETTINGEE, KAEL AUGUST, born
;

ii. PI. 85. in Munich, April 17, 1803. Military genre,

AENEAS AND DIDO, Gutrin, portrait, and landscape painter.
Pieri-e First
Louvre canvas, H. 9 ft. 8 in. x 12 ft. 9 in. studied in Augsburg under Clemens Zim-
; ;

signed, dated 1813. Dido, reclining upon a mermann, then from his 20th to his 25th year
coach, listens with interest to 2Eneas, who, in the Munich Academy, and in Paris in
seated at theleft, recounts the story of the 1830-31. At Vienna (1846-48), he painted
war of Troy Cupid, under the form of As- equestrian portraits of the Imperial family,
;

cauius, holding one of the arms of the and of Archduke Charles with the Austrian
Queen, draws off her wedding ring; at right, generals of 1809. In 1849 he joined the
Anna, sister of Dido, standing, looks at Eussian army in Hungary, and after the
the false Ascanius. Salon, 1817 acquired campaign worked five years in Poland for
;

in 1818 for 24,000 fr. Engraved by For- Prince Paskievich. Since his return to
ster. Eeveil, vii. 461. Germany in 1854 he has painted chiefly
JENEAS, LANDING OF, Claude Lorrain, genre and landscape. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
formerly atLeigh Court canvas, H. 5 ft. ;
i. 107.
4 in. x 7 ft. 4 in.; signed, dated 1675. AESCULAPIUS, ancient picture. See Aris-
jEueas and his companions landing in La- tarete ; Nicophanes.
 AESCULAPIUS
AESCULAPIUS, OFFERING TO, Pierre French school a famous portrait painter ;

Guerin, Louvre canvas, H. 9 ft. 10 in. x 8 of his day, pupil of Vouet. After the revo-
;

ft 8 in. An old man, convalescent, sup- cation of the Edict of Nantes (1682), being
ported by bis two sons, offers thanks before a Protestant he was forced to leave France ;

the altar of JEsculapius for his restoration to went to Denmark and became court pointer
health; his daughter, on her knees, shows joy to Christian V., whose portrait he painted,
at seeing the serpent eat of the fruit placed as well as that of the queen, and of himself

upon the altar. Salon, 1795. Ruveil, iii. (1093), now in the Uftizi, Florence. After
155. he went to England and painted
1699,
ACTION (Ection), painter and sculptor, many portraits. Meyer, Kiinst Lex., i.
time of Alexander the Great (?), classed by 114.

Pliny among greatest Greek artists. Most AGASSE, JACQUES LAURENT, born in
famous works, Marriage of Ninus and Sem- Geneva, Switzerland, died in London in
iramis and Marriage of Alexander and Rox- 1846. Animal and landscape painter stud- ;

ana. The latter excited such admiration, ied for some time in Paris, went to London
when exhibited at the

Olympic games, that Prox-

enidas, one of the judges,
gave him his daughter in
marriage. Raphael repro-
duced it iii a drawing
(Louvre) from Lucian's
minute description (Herod.
4 Imag. 7), which Razzi (II
;

Sodoma) also followed in his

fresco in the Farnesina.
Miiller places Action in the

age of Hadrian and the An-

tonines. Miiller (Welcker),

211, N. 1 ; Pliny, xxxv. 32.

3G ; Cicero, Brut., 18.
AFRA, ST., MARTYR-
DOM OF, Paolo Veronese, Martyrdom of Si. Agatha, S dl Piombo, Pal. Pitti.

S. Afra, Brescia ; canvas,

signed. saiut about to suffer martyr- about 1800 and exhibited pictures for sev-
The
dom, with angels flying down with palms eral years at the Royal Academy. Some of
and garlands at foot of scaffold lie the them, including six landscapes, were en-
;

of a Horse (1H01)
severed heads of SS. Faustinus and Jovitus, graved. Works: Portrait ;

that in front being a portrait of Veronese. Rustic Repast Rice Ground

;
Market Day ; ;

Damaged by restoring. Ridolfi,Marav.,ii.39. Fishmonger's Shop (1842).

AGACHE, ALFRED PIERRE, AGATHA, ST., born at OF, Se- MARTYRDOM
bastian del ftombo, Pitti, Florence wood,
Figure and portrait
;
Lille, contemporary.

painter, pupil of Pluchart H. 4 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft, 6 in.; signed, dated

and Colas. Med-
al 3d class, 1885.
:
1520. The saint, stripped to the waist, with
Works Fillette (1881); :

two executioners about to apply their pin-

The Fates (1882); Study (1883); Decorative
cere to her breasts, at the order of Quinzi-
Figure (1884) Fortuna (1885). ;

ano, Prefect of Sicily, who

tortured her be-
AGAR, JACQUES D', born in Paris in be-
1642, died in Copenhagen, Nov. 1C, 1715. cause
she would not give up her foitL ;

16
 AGATllARCIIUS
to right, as father and master of Polyynolus and
'

hind him are several soldiers ;

smoke of a fire seen through an arch and Aristophon, though Quintilian (xii. 10, 3)
men carrying wood. Painted for Cardinal says his pictures were worthy of admiration
Kangoni. Belonged afterwards to Duke of on other grounds than antiquity. Said to
Urbino and came to the Medici through have been first to represent Victory (Nike)
marriage of Ferdinand H with Vittoria with wings, and to have painted a horse of
[

della Rovere. Carried to Paris in 1799 remarkable excellence. The two pictures
;

returned in 1814. A masterpiece. Shows commemorative of victories of Alcibiades in

marks of Michelangelo's cooperation. Va- the Olympic games (about 416 B. c.), at-
sari, ed. Mil., v. 581; C. & C., N. Italy, tributed both to Aglaophon and to a sup-
ii. 332 ; Rosini, v. 9 ; Lavice, 66 ; Landon, posed grandson of same name, were prob-
Musee, vi. PL 57. ably the work of his sou Aristophon. Pliny,
AGATHARCHUS, painter, born in Sa- xxxv. 35, 36 [60]; Brunn, ii. 13.
mos. Won renown in Athens, 5th cent. B. c., AGNENI, EUGENIC, born at Sutri,
as a scenic and decorative painter aimed at near Rome, Italy, in 1819. Pupil of F. Co-
;

optical illusion by means of perspective and, ghetti in Rome, where he went in 1832.
like Apollodorus, is classed among the ske- When 18, he executed large
paintings for
nographers or skiographers, i.e., shadow churches, and in 1847 was employed by
painters, showing (Mahaffy, Hist. Clas. Gr. Pius IX. to decorate the throne-room in the
Lit., i. 244) that the painting of shadows was Quirinal. He took part in the defence of
first attempted to produce effects of perspec- Rome in 1848, and fled to Savona, where he

Agatharchus wrote a
tive in scene painting. aided Coghetti in frescoing the cathedral in
treatise on perspective and prepared the 1849. He then decorated the palaces of
way for the development of painting in a Rocca, Solari, and Piuma, in Genoa, and in-
modern sense. He decorated the house of vited by the architect of the Louvre to con-
Alcibiades at Athens (Plut. Alcib. 16), and tribute to its decoration, went to Paris in
painted a scene for .ZEschylus. Vitruv. 1852, but only a few months later proceeded
Prsef., vii.; R. R., Schorn, 168 ; Brunn, ii. 51. to London, where he was employed to dee-
AGE OF INNOCENCE, Sir Joshua Rey- orate the Queen's room in Covent Gar-
\

nolds, National Gallery, London ; canvas, den, and to paint a large picture of the
H. 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 1 in. A little girl, royal family. After the liberation of Italy
seated on the grass under trees, with her he settled in Florence in 1866
again served ;

hands crossed. Vernon Collection, 1847 as a volunteer under Garibaldi, and has, ;

bought at Harman sale (1844) for 1520 since then, been occupied with decorative
guineas. Engraved by J. Grozer (1788), paintings in Florence. Besides his great
Ch. Turner, F. Joubert, S. Cousins etched wall
paintings, he has painted many genre
;

by A. Mongin. Catalogue National Gal- pictures, and biblical and allegorical scenes.
lery Pulling, 84
; Portfolio (1877), 149
; Work Departed Spirits of Great Floren- ;
:

Art Journal (1850), 44 Stephens,

English tines
; the Inva- protesting against Foreign
Children, by Sir J. R. Museo
sion, Civico, Turin. Meyer, Kiinst.
AGES, THREE. See Three Ages. Lex., 124. i.

AGGAS, ROBERT, born about 1619, died AGNES, ST., MARTYRDOM OF, Dome-
in London in 1679.
Landscape and scene nichino, Bologna Gallery canvas, H. 15 ft. ;

painter, much employed by Charles II. A 10 in. x 10 ft. 4 in. St. Agnes, on a pile of
landscape by him is preserved in the Painter- wood in an open court, is stabbed by an
Stainers' Hall,London. executioner with a poniard at right, three ;

AGLAOPHON, Greek painter, of Thasos, women and a child look on with horror at ;

Ionic school, about 490 B. c.

Chiefly noted left, the Prefect Sempronius, surrounded by

16
 A(JNES
his guards above, the Trinity, with a choir lery
; Thunder Storm, Rainbow, Sunset,
;

of angels, to one of whom Christ gives the Pommersfelden Gallery ; Landsca]>es with
palrn of martyrdom and a wreath for St. Ag- large Rock, Millstone on Sled, Dresden Gal-
nes. Painted for S. Agnese, Bologna ;
car- lery
!

;
Ruins of Monument, Vienna Museum ;

ried to Paris in 1796 returned ;

in 1815. Engraved by G. Aud-

ran ;
F.
Rosaspina. Laudon,
Mus6e, vi. PL 25 Pinac. di Bo- ;

logna, PL 52 Lavice, 17. ;

AGNES, ST., MARTYRDOM

OF, Tintoretto, S. M. dell' Orto,
Venice ;
canvas. Much injured
by restoration. Ridolfi, Ma-
rav., ii. 186 ; Zauotto, Guida,
328.
AGNOLO, ANDREA D'.
See Sarlo.
AGOBBIO, ODERIGI DA.
See Oderigi.
AGRASOT, JOAQUIN, born
at Orihuela, Spain, contempor-
ary. History painter ; pupil of
Academy S. Carlos of Valencia
and of Fr. Martinez. Works A :

Prestidigitator ;
La Feria de
Orihuela; Before the Bull Fight
(1880) ; Starting of the Proces-
sion (1882) After Luncheon ;

(1883) Fortuny's Studio, J. H.

;

Stebbins, N. Y. Monk and ;

Children, M. Graham, N. Y.
La Ilustracion (1880), i.
291;
ii. 3 (1883), i. 259.
(1882), ;

AGRICOLA, CHRISTOPH
LUDWIG, born in Ratisbou,
Nov. 5, 1667, died there, in

1719. Landscape and portrait

painter German school. He
;

was a constant traveller in Ger-

many, England, Holland, and
France, but preferred to live in of S( Agnj$ Oomenichino Boloir . G. M . f
,

Naples or Augsburg. He treat-

ed landscape in the classical style under Morning Dawn, Night, Rainbow, Land-
'

Florence others in
Poussiu's influence, and in his glowing at- scapes in Rain, Uffizi, ;

Turin, Gotha, Frankfort,

inospheric effects resembles Claude. Works: Naples, Bologna,
two Oriental Landscapes, Mountain View, Sphwerin, and Brcslau Galleries.
Kiinst
Portrait of Himself, Brunswick Museum (Crowe), ii. 567 ; Meyer, ;

two with Figures, Cassel Gal-

Landscapes
137. i

17
 AGEICOLA
AGEICOLA, EDUARD, born in Stuttgart, Csesars in the background. Royal Academy,
in 1800. Landscape painter, pupil of Berlin 1839 Turner Collection. ; Engraved by A.
Academy ;
studied afterwards in Italy, Willmore. Etched by A. Brunet-Debaines
where, at different times lie spent eighteen in Portfolio, 1878. Hamerton, Life ; Cata-

years. Finally settled in Carlsruhe. Works logue National Gallery. :

Waterfalls of Tivoli, Sicilian Landscapes, AGUADOR DE SEVILLA. See Water

Amalfi, Castel di Portici. Meyer, Kiinst. Carrier.
Lex., i. 141. AHLBORN, AUGUST WILHELM JU-
AGBICOLA, FILIPPO, born at Urbiuo LIUS, bora in Hanover, Oct. 11, 1796, died
in 1776, died in Rome in 1857. Subject in Rome, Aug. 24, 1857. Landscape painter,
of Berlin Academy, and of Wach after
painter, pupil of Academy S. Luca, Rome, pupil ;

of which he was director in 1843. His 1827 resided in Italy and painted Italian
Marius contemplating Ruins of Carthage, views in the classic style, though he occa-
for which he was awarded the first prize in sionally treated scenery in the Tyrol and

1812, is in the Academy S. Luca, where is Northern Germany, as well as religious

also his last work, Assumption, a commission subjects and portraits. Works View of :

from Gregory XVI. Other works Holy Tiber, St. Peter's seen from the Vatican,
:

Family (1819), Dante and Beatrice, Petrarch Grotta Ferrata on the Alban Hill, portraits
and Laura, Tasso and Eleonora, Herodias, of Prince Leopold of Dessau and of Bliicher,
Pygmalion, Madonna, Venus and Cupid, Castle at Potsdam ; Villa Mondragone,
portraits of Crown Princess of Denmark Bellevue Castle, near Berlin others in the ;

(1822), of Countess Perticari, of the Poet Castle of Charlottenburg View of Amalfi, ;

Monti and his Daughter. Meyer, Kiinst. Royal Palace, Berlin. Meyer, Kiinst.
Lex., i. 139 ;
Kunstblatt (1823)* 87 (1843) Lex.,
;
i. 148 ; Rosenberg, Berlin Malersch.,
140. 50.

AGRICOLA, KARL (Joseph Aloys), born AIGEN, KARL, born in Olmiitz, Moravia,
at Seckingen, Baden, Oct. 18, 1779, died in 1G84, died in Vienna, Oct. 22, 1762.
in Vienna in 1852. Miniature painter, made Painter of altarpieces, genre, and
landscapes ;

his first studies in then from studied

Carlsruhe, probably in Vienna under P. von
about 1798 at the Vienna Academy under Strudl ; member of Academy in 1754, and
Fiiger, iu whose mannered style he painted superintended school of painting in 1750-
to the last. His water colour miniatures, 59. Works Fair outside a City Gate,
:

which are more generally known than his oil Kirmess, Vienna Museum two winter land- ;

paintings, found great favour in Vienna. scapes, Harrach Gallery, Vienna. Meyer,
Works Madonna, Vienna Museum Cupid Kiinst. Lex., i. 150.
:
;

and Psyche, The Hours, Vienna Academy

AIGNER, JOSEF MATTHAUS, born in
;

St. Catharine, Cupid Hunting Butterflies, Vienna, Jan. 18, 1818. Portrait painter,
Cupid Asleep. Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., i. 139 ;
pupil of Ameiiing, and early acquired re-
Andresen, iv. 1.
putation. Being concerned in the revolu-
AGRIPPINA, LANDING OF, Joseph M. tionary movement of 1848, and sentenced
W. Turner, National Gallery, London can- ; to death, he was pardoned at the intercession
vas, H. 2 ft. 11 in. x 3 ft. 11 in. of influential His portraits
Agrippina, persons. of
mother of Caligula and widow of Germani- Lenau, Grillparzer, F. Halm, Feuchtersleben,
cus, brought home in an urn the ashes of
Betty Paoli, Rubinstein, Emperor Francis
her husband, who had died of
poison at Joseph, and Empress Elizabeth, are charac-
Antioch. She lauded at Brundusium (Tac.
teristic, broadly treated and good in colour.
An. iii. 1), but the picture
represents Rome, Brockhaus, i. 274 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
with the Triumphal Bridge and Palace of the i. 151 Miiller, 7.
;

18
 AIGNIEB
AIGNIER, LOUIS AUGUSTE LAUR- AIVASOVSKI, IVAN CONSTANTINO-
ENT, born in Toulon, Feb. 21, 1815), died VICH, bom at Feodotoa, Crimea, July 7,
there, June 8, 1865. Landscape and marine 1817. Marine painter, pupil of the St
painter, pupil of E. Hubert ; sketched in Petersburg Academy, from 1833, and of
France and Spain. Works in museums of Philippe Tanneur after the latter's arrival
Toulon and Marseilles. Meyer, Kiinst. there in 1835. From 1837 he studied inde-
Lex., i. 152. pendently from nature, and in the same
AIRMAN, WILLIAM, born at Cairuey, year exhibited six pictures which attracted ]

Forfarshire, Scotland, Oct. 24, 1C82, died the attention of the Emperor, who enabled
in London, June 7, 1731. Pupil of Sir John him to travel in the Crimea and Mingrelia.

Medina; studied in Rome in 1707-10, He went in 1840 to Italy, where ho jMiinted,

travelled in the East, returned to Edinburgh especially in Naples, his first successful pict-
in 1712, and practised portrait painting ures, and after having visited Holland,
with success. In 1723 settled in London, England, and Spain, returned to Russia in
where lie imitated manner of Kncller. His 1844, was made member of the SL Peters-
large, unfinished picture of the royal family burg Academy, and executed for the Em-
is in collection of Duke of Devonshire por- peror several views on the Gulf of Finland.
;

trait of himself in National Gallery, Edin- In 1845 he made a tour through Southern

burgh ; Thomson, Lytteltou Russia and Turkey, and then settled in his
portrait of poet
Gallery, Worcester portrait of Duncan native town.
;
In 1847-56 he exhibited a
Forbes (?), National Portrait Gallery, Lon- great number of pictures in Russia went ;

don. Many of his works are engraved. to Paris in 185(5 and painted there 25 pict-

Redgrave Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 152.

;
ures during the following winter. Medals :

AINEMOLO. See Anu'molo. Paris, 3d class, 1843 L. of Honour, 1857. ;

AINMILLER, MAX EMANUEL,

born Works View of Kertech (1846\ Sunrise :

in Munich, Feb. 14, 1807, died there, Dec. on the Black Sea (1850), Creation, Deluge
9, 1870. Painter of architecture and re- (18G5), and others, Hermitage, SL Peters-
viver of glass painting pupil of the burg ;
Sea Fights at Revel, Wiborg, and ;

Munich Academy, afterwards concerned Tchesme, Wreck of the Frigate Ingerman-

in, and since 1844, director of the royal land, Peter the
Great at Krassnaja Gorko,
of stained which under Winter Palace, ib.; View of Constantinople,
manufactory glass,
his supervision has produced important Colin Sea, Naples by Moonlight, Academy,
works for the cathedrals of Ratisbon, Co- ib.; Solar Eclipse, Geographical Society, ib. ;

two Moonlight Views, Ex-

logne, and Speier, St. Paul's in London, Venice, Storm,
and the university church at Cambridge, change, ib.; Lighted Castle on the Sea,
three
His Gothic church interiors, which show a Peterhof Calm Sea by Moonlight, ;

thorough knowledge of architecture, are Storms at Sea, Monastery of St. George,

somewhat hard and cold in colour, though Moscow Museum. Meyer, Kiinst Lex., L
well managed as to light and shade. Works 15C Miiller, 8. : ;

two interior views of Westminster Abbey, AJAX, ancient picture. Sec ApoUoda
Munich Gallery do., and others, National
;
Parrhaxitix, Timanthe*, Timomach-

Gallery, Berlin interiors of Church of our

;
>.

Lady in Munich, St. Lawrence Church in AKIMOFF, IVAN AKBIOVICF

Nuremberg, St Stephen's in Vien- , . in St Petersburg, May 22, Io4, d
na, and Ratisbon and Ulm cathe- 15, 1814. TT
History painter, pupil
j

drala Allgem. cl. Biogr., i. 168 St. Petersburg Academy

; JiH, studie ;

Kiinst i. 154 Kunst-Chronik, wards in Bologna and Rome,

Meyer, Lex., ;

vi. 41 277. copied chiefly

Domenichiuo and
Brockhaus,
;
i.
 ALAMANNO
cL In Rome he was under the influence of under Henry IV., Meeting of the States Gen-
P. Batoni, but Guercino for his eral in 1328, do. in 1614, Reading of the Will
later took
model. After his return to Russia he was of Louis XIV. (1850), Presentation of Poussin
made member of the Academy, where the to Louis XIII., etc., altogether 29, Versailles
'

entire instruction in painting was soon en- Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 166 Art ;

trusted to his guidance. His talent has Journal (1864), 215; Kunstblatt (1833),
been greatly overrated by his contempo- 224 (1837), 187 (1838), 115 (1841), 203. ; ; ;

raries. Works Prometheus making a

: ALBA. See Macrino d'Alba.
Statue, Hercules on the Pyre, St. Petersburg ALBANI (Albauo), FRANCESCO, born
Academy Resurrection, Assumption, The
;
in Bologna,
Archangel, Alexander-Nevski Monastery. March 17,

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 163. 1578, died

ALAMANNO or ALEMANNO, GIOVAN- there, Oct. 4,
NI or ZUANE. See Antonio da Murano. 1660. Bolog-
ALAMANNO, PIETRO, 2d half of 15th nese school.

century. Venetian school a mannered imi- ;

Son of Agos-
tator of his master, Carlo Crivelli, alike de- tino Albani, a
void of power as a draughtsman and ao a silkmerchant;
colourist. His mixture of that of
style is a pupil of Denis
Crivelli and of Girolamo da Camerino, or in Calvaert at
other words of the Lombardo- Venetian and same time
the Umbro-Paduan schools.Examples in with Guido
churches at Ascoli : he followed to the school of the
Madonna and Saints Reni, whom
(1489), S. M. della Caritk do., Library of Carracci.
;
After painting in Bologna he ac-
the Seminary do., S. Giacomo Apostolo.
; companied Guido to Rome (1607-8), where
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 98 Meyer, Kiinst. he was engaged to finish the frescos in S.
;

Lex., i. 264 Burckhardt, 592.

;
Giacomo degli Spagnuoli, begun \>y Anni-
ALAUX, JEAN, called le Romaiii, born bale Carracci. This made his reputation, and
in Bordeaux, Jan. 15, 1786, died in Paris, brought him many commissions. He loved
March 2, History painter, pupil of to paint mythological subjects, in which he
1864.
Vincent and Guerin won in 1815 the could introduce goddesses, nymphs, and
;

grand prix de Rome, and resided in that loves in smiling landscapes and as he rep- ;

city five years. After the restoration of the resented them generally on small canvases
Bourbons, executed many pictures for he was called the Anacreon of painting. He
churches, and decorated the new rooms in had a villa delightfully situated, and a beau-
the Louvre ; and under Louis Philippe tiful wife and twelve children, who are said

painted much for the new Museum at Ver- to have served as his models. At Rome and
sailles. He was director of the French in Bologna, as teacher and painter, he be-

Academy in Rome in 1846-53 became ;

; came the rival of Guido, whose disciples
member of the Institute in 1851
Legion of affected to despise his style as effeminate.
;

Honour in 1841. Works Pandora brought Albani's large works from sacred history
:

from Heaven by Mercury (1824), ceiling of show that he was capable of a nobler style
palace of St. Cloud (destroyed in 1870) than he generally attained. Four of these
;

Burial of our Lord, Notre Dame de Loretto, are in the

Bologna Gallery. Albani executed
Paris Poussin and allegorical figures, ceil- frescos in the Palazzo
;
Verospi (Torlonia), and
ing, Louvre Battle of Villaviciasa (1836), in the church of S. M. della Pace, Rome and
; ;

do. of Denain, Conquest of Valenciennes in the Giustiniani Villa, Bassano. Other

(1837), Assembly of Notables in Rouen works are Expulsion from Paradise, Lord :
 ALBKKTI
Wensleydale, London ; in Egypt, he seems to have been
Repose closely allied.
Dresden Gallery ; do., Uffizi,Florence Holy Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., i. 216 Vaaari, ed. Mil,
;
;

Family, Palazzo Pitti, Florence The Four vii. (51.

;

Elements, Turin Gallery do., Palazzo Bor- ; ALBERTINELLI ( Bertinelli ), MARI-

gbese, Rome; Annunciation (2), Venus and OTTO, born in
Adonis, Venus and Vulcan, Toilette of Venux, Florence, Oct.
Cupid* Disarmed, Mars and Nymphs, Salma- 13, 1474, died
cis and Hermaphroditus, Lot and his Daugh there, Nov. 5,
ters, Hersi- 1515. Floren-
lia separat- tine school, son
Romu- of Biagiodi Bin-
ing
lus
mus,
and U<

Holy'
fAa,
Family, Louvre, Paris. Malvasia, ii. 140 ;
do and scholar
of Cosimo Ro-
selli, in whose

Lnuzi, iii. 89 Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., i. 171

; ;
studio ho con-
Amoriui, Vita, etc. (1837) Burckhardt, 764, tracted an inti-
;

770, 785, 791, 801 ; Ch. Blanc, Kcole bolo- mate friendship with Fra Bartolommeo, of
naise Dohme, 2iii.
;
whom he became the associate and most suc-
ALBERTI, ALESSANDRO, bom at Borgo cessful imitator. They worked together from
S.Sepolcro, Italy, March 9, 1551, died in before 1490 (when both left Roselli's studio),
'

Rome, July 10, 159C. Sou of the architect until 1499. Albertinelli's Clirial apj>earing
and sculptor Alberto A. pupil of one Gas- to the Magdalen, Louvre, shows his first
;

pero di Silvestro of went to Rome manner, under influence of Cosimo Rowlli.

Perugia ;

in 1556. He was employed byseveral After 1500 he completed the fresco of the
Italian princes, and painted for churches Last Judgment in S. M. Nuova, Florence,
and palaces in Naples and in Rome. Highly left unfinished (Oct., 1499) by Fra Bnrtoloiu-
esteemed as a fresco-painter. Meyer, Kunst. rneo, whose continued influence after their
separation is manifest in the famous
I'ixiVa-
Lex., i. 204.
ALBERTI, ANTONIO. See Antonw da tion, in the Uffizi. Other works by Albert i-
Ferrara. high merit are a Holy Family (1503-
nelli of

ALBERTI, GIUSEPPE, 6), born

Palazzo Pitti. Florence
at Cavalese, a fresco of the ;
\

in 1(564, died there in 1730. Studied Crucifixion (150(5). Florentine Certosa and a ;
Tyrol,
medicine at Padua, but gave it up for archi- Mailonna with Saints (150(5), Louvre. These
tecture and painting, which latter he studied pictures belong to the best period of the
in Venice under Liberi, and then in Rome. painter, who afterwards wasted much time
On his return in 1682, he settled in Trent, in experimenting on vehicles for oil paint-
built there the Crucifix Chapel in the Cathe- ing, and took many pupils, among whom
dral, and became a priest. Afterwards he were Bagiardini, Francia Bigio, Innocenzo
painted a number of religious pictures, vis- da Imola,
and Pontonno. In 15(19, after a
ited Rome a second time, and is said to have separation of nine years, Albertinelli agnin
stayed there nearly twenty years. Meyer, became the associate of Fra Bartolommeo,
Kiiust. Lex., i. 217. and traces of his hand are perceptible in
ALBERTI, MICHELE, flourished at Flor- the Frate's altarpiece in S. Romano, Luccn,
ence 2d half of 16th century. Florentine the lower part of his Assumption, Berlin,
school, pupil of Daniele da Volterm. Did and in his Nativity, Saltocchio, near Lucca.
are Ma-
not belong to the Alberti family of Borgo Among his works of this jx-riod
:

S. Sepolcro. He painted in Rome frescos donna (1509), Fitxwilliam Museum, Cam-

after drawings by his master, with whom bride; Annunciation (1510), Trinity (Wl

n
 ALBRECIIT
and Madonna with Saints (1510?), Florence ALCIMACHUS, Greek painter, probably
Academy. In 1512, the two painters again about time of Alexander the Great. Painted
and divided the profits of their portrait of Dioxyppus the athlete, after he had
separated
common workshop. The Adam and Eve arid received a prize at Olympia. Pliny, xxxv. 40
the Sacrifice of Abraham at Castle How- [139].
ard were painted by Albertinelli, after this ALCOTT, MAY (Mme. Ernest Nierker),
1

year, during which he for a short time gave born in Concord, Mass., in 1840, died in

up painting and kept a tavern near the Porta 1879. Genre painter, studied in School of
San Gallo, Florence. Other works Design, Boston, in Krug's studio, Paris, and
of his late

period are the Annunciation (1513

?),
Miiller. Munich under
Professional life spent in

Gallery, and a triptych, Poldi Collection, Boston, London, and Paris. Her copies in
Milan, which has been attributed both to oil and water-colour of Turner's pictures are
Raphael and to Fra Bartolommeo. Alberti- given to the pupils of the South Kensington
nelli's last work was the Marriage of St. Cath- school, to work from. She also painted still-
arine at Viterbo, begun by the Frate for life subjects, and flower panels.
the church of S. Silvestro. C. & C., Italy, ALDEGREVER, HEINRICH, born at
iii. 484 Meyer, Kuust. Lex., 218 Vasari,
; ;
Soest or Pa-
ed. Mil., iv. 217 Lermolieff, 87, 227; Mar-
;
derborn in
chesi, ii. 12 Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii.
; 1502, died
171. probably in
ALBEECHT, BALTHASAE AUGUSTIN, 1558. Ger-
born in Berg on Lake Starnberg, Bavaria, in man school ;

1687, died in Munich, Aug. 1, 1765. History chiefly known

and allegory painter, German school pupil ;
as an engrav-
of N. G. Sfcuber, studied in Venice and Rome, er, and one
returned to Munich in 1719, and became of the most
court painter. His groups of children in accomplished
the Schleissheim Gallery are very attractive. of the so-
Many of his religious pictures are to be found called " Little
in Bavarian churches. Works : Children Masters." His
playing, Vintage, Allegory of Painting, do. rare oil paintings are hard and dry, the flesh
of Sculpture, portrait of Sculptor Straub, of a leathery brown hue. Works : Christ
portrait of himself painting the Muses on crowned with Thorns (1529), Prague Gallery;
Parnassus, Schleissheim Gallery. Meyer, Philip von Waldeck (1535), Breslau Gallery;
Kiinst. Lex., i. 234. Magdalen Wittig (1541), Brunswick Museum;
ALBRIER, JOSEPH, born in Paris, Oct. Male portrait (1551), Berlin Museum do. ;

4, 1791, died there hi March, 1863. His- (1544), Liechtenstein Gal-

tory painter, pupil and follower of Reg- lery, Vienna Anabaptist ;

nault. Imitated Greuze's pictures so closely David Joris, Basle Muse-

as to deceive many amateurs. Works Nar- um. Scott, Little Masters,
:

cissus, Cyparissus changed into a Cypress, I

88 Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 239 Brockhaus,
; ;

Amyntas delivering i. 363 Keane, Early Masters, 181; Allgem.

Sylvia (1822), Daphnis ;

and Chloe, Louis XIV. and De la Vallifere d. Biog., i. 325.

(1828), Two Scenes from Life of Frederic ALDENRATH, HEINRICH JACOB, born
the Great, Meeting of the Chapter of the in Lubeck, Feb. 17, 1775, died in Ham-
Golden Fleece, Versailles Gallery. Meyer, burg, Feb. 25, 1844. Portrait and miniature
Kiinst. Lex., i. 236 ; Lejeune, i. 286, painter, German school ; pupil of Joh. Jak.
Tischbeiu, and at Lubeck of Friedrich Karl
 ALEM
Groger, his friend and associate, with whom umphal procession in front, an officer given ;

he frequented the Berlin Academy studied orders to slaves bearing a golden vane on a
;

iu Dresden and PariH, and lived in Liibeck, litter in background, the walls and build- ;

Kiel, Copenhagen, and Hamburg, where the ings of Babylon, crowded with j>eoplc. Series
two settled in 1814, after the conclusion of of History of Alej-andtr.
Engraved by G.
peace. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 254. Audran (1G75). Laudou, Musce, x. PL 69 ;
ALENI, TOMMASO,flourished in 1500- Filhol, ii. PL 91; Villot, Cat. Louvre.
1515. Lombardo-Cremonese school. Some- ALEXANDER AND DIOGENES, Sir
times called n Fadino. Several of his pict- E. Landsaer, National Gallery, London ; can-
ures exist :
Madonna, Bignami Collection, vas, H. 3 ft 7 in. x 4 ft 8 in. Eight dogs
,

Casal Maggiore Nativity (1515), Municipio, grouped to illustrate the interview at Corinth
;

Cremona, a manifest though weak imitation between Alexander and the Greek cynic,
of Perugino and St. Peter and St. Anthony, when the latter requested the conqueror to
;

Calvalcabo Collection, Cremona. C. & C., stand out of his sunshine. Royal Academy,
N. Italy, ii. 449 ; Meyer, Kvinst Lex., i. 2GG. 1848 bequeathed by Jacob Bell in 1869.
;

ALESIO (Allecio), MATTED PEREZ Engraved by Thos. Landseer. Catalogue

DE, born Rome about 1547, died about National Gallery Stephens, 91.
in ;

1GOO (?). Italo-Spanish school, called also ALEXANDER AND FAMILY OF DA-
Matteo da Leccio. Said to have fonned him- RIUS. See Darin*, Family of.
self in the school of Michelangelo and after ALEXANDER THE GREAT, ancient
Salviati. Went to Malta, returned to Rome picture. See Antiphilus, Ajtfllcn, Xv-ia*,
before 1582, and settled in Seville, Spain, in 1'h iloxcn KK, Protogenes.
1583. He at once gained reputation, and ALEXANDER, HENRY, born San
in

was extensively employed in painting for Francisco, California, in 1800. Genre

churches frescos of colossal size, the fond- painter studied seven years in ;
Munich un-
ness for which was a peculiar feature of this der Loeffts and Lmdenachmidt Exhibited
Studio in New
artist. According to Baglione he afterwards first in Munich in 1879.
went to the West Indies and, after having York. Works: Sunday Morning (T. B.

accumulated wealth, died there in poverty. Clarke, N. Y.).

The report of his return to Rome lucks foun- ALEXANDER, HISTORY OF, Charles.

dation. Meyer, Kflnst. Lex., i. 271; Ponz, Li-brim, Louvre, Paris; five pictures, viz.: Pas-
ix. 25 Cean Bermudez, iv. 75. sage of the firanicux, Buttle of ArMa, Tent of
Viage, ;

ALESSANDRO VERONESE. See Turchi, Dariux, Ab-jrandrr and Poms, Alexander en-
Alessandro. tering Babylon. Ordered by Louis XIV. in
ALEXANDER OF ATHENS. Name in- 1GGO for reproduction in Gobelin taj>estry;
They were engraved by
scribed on one of four marble slabs, in Royal painted in 1GG1-G8.
Museum G. Audran, who also engraved, after Lo
at Naples, found at Resina on slope
of Vesuvius. All decorated with outlineBrun's design, a sixth subject, Poms in Bat-
name of tle, wliich was never painted. Villot, Cata-
drawings in red the one bearing ;

a
Alexander represents group of five women logue Louvre.
whose names also are given. Corp. Inscr. ALEXANDER AND PORUS, Charles
Lebmti, Louvre, Paris canvas, H. 15 ft. 5
Gr., 5863.
;

ALEXANDER ENTERING BABYLON, in. x 41 ft 4 in. King Porus having been de-
Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris canvas, H. 14 feated on the banks
of the HydasjH's, India,
;

a in one was earned a prisoner before Alexander,

ft. 9 in. x 23 ft. Alexander, sceptre
is stand- who asked him how he wished
to l>e treated.
hand, and a sword iu the other,
"Like a Porus (Plutarch,
ing in a chariot drawn by two richly
ca- king," replied
of a tri- Alex., Ix.). Alexander on horseback, attended
parisoned elephants, forming part
 ALEXANDER
by his principal officers, extends
his hand ALFANI, DOMENICO, born in Perugia
to Porus, who, wounded, is sustained by in 1483 (?), died after 1553. Umbrian school,
three soldiers; in background, the battle- son of Paris Pandari Alfani, goldsmith and

field. Series of
History of Alexander. En- architect pupil of Perugino at same time
;

D. Bertaux. with Raphael, who became his intimate

graved by G. Audran (1678),
invited him to Rome, but
Landon, Musee, ix. PI. 21-23; Filhol, iv. PI. friend. Raphael
265 Villot, Catalogue Louvre.
;
Domenico preferred to remain in Perugia,
ALEXANDER AND EOXANA, MAR- where he acted as Raphael's agent, and was

EIAGE OF. See Action. repaid by an occasional sketch. He became

ALEXANDER IN TENT OF DARIUS. a registered master in Perugia in 1510. In
See Darius, Tent of. 1520 he legitimized his natural son Orazio
ALEXANDER AT TOMB OF ACHIL- and took him into partnership, after which
LES, Raphael, Camera worked together. Domenico's earliest
della Segnatura, Vati- they
can picture
;
in grisaille,
under the Parnas- production is a Holy Family (1510), Peru-
sus, at left. Alexander the Great, at right, gia Gallery, painted after a drawing by
orders a bearded man to place the poems of Raphael. His Madonna and Saints, dated
Homer in the sarcophagus, the lid of which is 1518, in the Collegio Gregoriano, Perugia,
raised by a youth at each side, six soldiers. is thoroughly Raphaelesque. The Madonna
;

Painted in 1511. Engraved by Marc An- with two Angels (1521), in the Cathedral of
tonio, and others. Passavaut, i. 119. Citta della Pieve, is painted in the same
ALEXEJEFF, FEODOR JAKOVLE- style, but the Madonna and Saints of 1524,
VICH, born in St. Petersburg in 1753, died in the Perugia Gallery, shows a change
there in 1824. Architecture and perspective from the Umbrian manner of his earlier
painter pupil of St. Petersburg Academy, works to the bold
;
treatment of the later
which he was sent to At first Florentines. This change is more marked
by Italy.

painted flowers and fruits, but in Venice, in a Madonna and Saints of 1532 in S. Giuli-
where he arrived in 1774, devoted himself A
to perspective painting under Gaspari and
/| T
ano, Perugia.
In 1553 he _
Giuseppe Moretti. After his return he was / painted with
officialpainter of decorations in 1779-87.
* A/AT\I
I*"1,r U.MJ.
Orazio, a Cruci-
-

In 1795 he went to Southern Russia to fixion, in S. Francesco, Perugia. C. & C.

paint scenes visited by Catharine H. on her Italy, iii. 364 Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 622 ; ;

tour in 1787. he was em- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 291

Under Paul I. Burckhardt, ;

ployed on decorative works. In 1803 he 575 Ch. Blanc, ficole ombrienne.

;

became professor at the Academy. Works ALFANI, ORAZIO, born in Perugia about
in Moscow Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., 1510, died in Rome in 1583. Umbrian
i. 287. school, son and pupil of Domenico Alfani,
ALEXEJEFF, NIKOLAI MICHAILO- whom he frequently assisted. He was the
VICH, born in 1815. History, genre, and first president of the Academy of Perugia,

portrait painter, pupil of Stupin. In 1836- and many pictures there are attributed to
40 he was at the head of the school at him, such as a Nativity and a Holy Family.
Arsames, Government of Nizhni-Novgorod, The one certain work by this artist is the
founded there by his relative Stupin in the Crucifixion with SS. Jerome and Apollonia
beginning of the century. Works: Egyp- which he assisted his father in painting
tians in Healing the Blind, Healing (1553), or finished after his death. C. & C.,
Red Sea,
the Leper, Marriage at Cana, Christ rescu- Italy, iii. 365 Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iii. 624
; ;

ing Peter, Isaac Cathedral, St. Petersburg. Ch. Blanc, Ecole ombrienue Meyer, Kiinst. ;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 288. Lex., i. 293 Burckhardt, 575, 652. ;

84
 ALFARO
ALFARO Y GAMEZ, Don JUAN, born AUENSE, Iwrn in Greek inland of Milo
in 1G40 in Cordova, died in Madrid in 1680. in 1556 died in Venice in 1629. Real
(?),

Spanish school pupil of Antonio del Cas-

; name Antonio
tillo and of Velasquez, whose
portraits he Vansilacchi.
learned to imitate. Also an engraver and ',

!
Venetian
writer, both of poetry and prose. Works : school ;
pupil
Assumption (16G8), Museo Nacional An- of Paolo Ver- ;
!

tonio da Solis, portrait, D. Valentin Car- onese, who

derera, Madrid. Curtis, 328 Stirling, 809 dismissed
; ;
j

Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., i. 295. him, Ridolfi

ALGERIAN FALCONER, Eugene Fro- says, on ac-
raentin, Albert Spencer, New York. In the count of jeal-
foreground, an Arab horseman, riding at full ousy at his
gallop, holds a falcon perched upon his wonderful progress. Aliense then applied
wrist, as high above his head as his arm will himself to the study of the works of Tin-
stretch. His whole action is full of intense toretto, and soon acquired a style which,
energy, and the speed of his horse is shown for strength and boldness of design, and
by the sand whirling around him. In the vigor of colouring approached the best pro-
background are indications of other mounted ductions of that master. He won a great
figures. Salon, 1863. Etched by was patronized by the doge
Flameng ; reputation,
Lionel. Several replicas. and nobility of Venice, and was invited
ALIBERTI, GLVNCARLO, born at Asti, to their respective courts by Philip tt of
;

Piedmont, in 1680, died about 1740. One Spain, and by Sigistnund IH of Poland.
of the many skilful masters of the 18th But he preferred to remain in Venice, where

century, who excelled in the execution he lived in great state, and executed many
of those extensive, quickly-painted fres-' works for public buildings and churches.
.

coes, termed macchinose by the Italians. In the Palazzo Ducale are his Adoration of
His style was a mixture of Roman and the Magi, Coronation of Baldwin Eni|>eror
Bolognese art, showing the influences of of Constantinople, the Doge Ordelasso Fali-
Maratta and the school of the Carrac- ero at the Capture of /ara, and other large
ci, with a leaning towards Correggio. pictures and in S. Apostoli are his Sacri- ;

He frescoed churches in Asti, Pavia, and fices of Abraham and Cain and Abel. Ex-
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. amples of his work are also
other Italian cities. in S. Giovanni

312. del Rialto, S. Giovanni del Tempio, S. Leon-

ALIBRANDI, GIROLAMO, of Messina, ardo, S. Giovanni Evangelista, S. Zaccheria,
born about 1470, died in 1524 ;
but De S. Domenico a Castello, S. Paterniano, S.

Marzo thinks him the painter of an Epiph- .

f Chiara S. Procolo, S. Vi-
L^Itensis J. tho Frari) vcn
any in the church of Venetico, Sicily, dated t(lle> ftn(l

1532. Neapolitan school studied several

; ice, and in S. Pietro de' Casinensi, Perugia.

years in Venice and afterward in Milan with Ch. Blanc, Ecole vt'nitienne Burckbardt, ;

Leonardo da Vinci. Returned to Sicily in 745, 750, 753, 754 ; Sansovino, Venetia illus-
j

1514, and painted in Messina ;

called some- trata, 271.
times the Raphael of Messina. Most im- AUGNY, CLAUDE FRANCOIS THEO-
portant of his works is u Presentation in DORE CARUELLE D', bora at Chaumea,
the Temple, dated 1519, in San Niccol5, Nievre, Feb. 6, 1798, died in Lyons, Feb. 25,
of Regnault
Messina. Style a mixture of the Leonard- 1871. Landscape painter, pupil
esque and Ferrarese. Kiinst.
Meyer,and Watelet treated landscapes in the his-
Lex., ;

i. 312 & 116. torical style, and attained great distinction

; C. C., N. Italy, ii.
 ALIMPI
Edinburgh in 1792. His illustra-
as a follower of the so-called classical school settled at
under the influence of Ingres. He made
some of Burns' poems, and to Al-
tions to
his studies chiefly after Italian scenery, vis- lan Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd, which he
ited Greece and painted several views of the engraved in aquatint, and his pictures of

Acropolis and around Athens. His color the Highland Dance, the Scotch Wedding,
wants truth and life, and his handling is and the Repentance Stool, met with deserved
hard and unsympathetic. Works Daphnis success, and show him to be the worthy
:

and Chloe (1822) Murder of the Druids forerunner of Wilkie. His portraits, one of
;

(1831) Prometheus (1837), Luxembourg which, that of Sir William Hamilton (1775),
;

Museum; Hay Harvest (1839) Landscape now in the National Portrait Gallery, are
;

with praying Monk (1839), Renues Museum chiefly remarkable for a strong, homely re-
;

View near Naples, and two other Landscapes, semblance. He was Master of the Academy
Nantes Museum ;
Du Guesclin of Arts, Edinburgh, during the last ten
Defeat of
(1840), Versailles Museum
Hercules fight- years of his life. Cunningham Redgrave
; ; ;

ing the Hydra (1842), Carcassone Museum Seguier. ;

Bacchus with Nymphs (1852), Bordeaux Mu- ALLAN, Sir WILLIAM, born in Edin-
seum Christ at Emmaus (1837), Besanqon
;
burgh in 1782,
Museum Good Samaritan, Amiens Museum.
; died there, Feb.
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 313 Kunstblatt ;
.

23, 1850. Ap-

(1835), 172 (1837),;
190 (1839), 218; Cle- ; j
prenticed to a
ment, Etudes, 383; Athenasum (1871), i. coach painter;
342. student at Trus-
ALIMPI (Olimpi), llth century, born tee's Academy,
probably in Kiev, said to have died in 1114. Edinburgh, and
The earliest Russian painter of altarpieces at Royal Acad-
whose name has been handed down to us.
emy, London,
He learned his art from the Byzantine 7 where he exhib-
painters, who about 1084 decorated the ited his Gipsy
great church in the cave-monastery at Kiev. Boy in 1803. Failing to meet with success
In 1087 he entered that monastery as a in London, he went, in 1805, to
Russia, and
monk, and is revered as a saint in Russia spent ten yeai'S, much of the time in travel,
;

supernatural power is attributed to his pic- visiting Circassia, Tartary, and Turkey. In
tures, with whose origin is connected many 1814 he returned home with
many costume
pious legends. Madonna, Uspenski Church, and landscape studies which he utilized in
Moscow. Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., i. 314. his pictures of Circassian Slaves, Prisoners
ALLADIO. See Macrino d'Alba. on the Road to Siberia, and Tartar Robbers,
ALLAN, DAVID, born at Alloa, near the last now in the National Gallery, works
Edinburgh, Feb. 13, 1744, died near Edin- in a measure attractive through local colour;
burgh, Aug. (J, 179G. After studying at but in historical which he next subjects,
Glasgow in Foulis' Academy, and in Rome
attempted, he was totally wanting. The
(1764-79), where he gained a gold medal Murder of Archbishop Sharp, the Death of
from the Academy of St. Luke for his
Origin the Regent Murray, and the Abdication of
of Painting
(1773), he returned to London Mary Queen of Scots, all prove that he was
with four humorous sketches of the Roman a
poor draughtsman and a weak colourist.
Carnival, which won for him the surname of Nevertheless, the last named of these
pic-
the Scottish Hogarth. His fame depends, tures
brought him 800 guineas (1825), and
however, rather upon the genre pieces of he received
many honours. He became
Scottish life which he
painted after he had A. E. A. in 1825, R. A. in 1835, President
 ALLEGRAIN
of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1838-50,
ALLEGRI, POMPONIO, Iwrn in Cor- ;

limner to the Queen iu Scotland in 1841, and

reggio, Sept. 3, 1521, died in Parma about
in 1842 he was knighted. In the following 1593. Lombard school son of Antonio
;

year Sir William exhibited the Battle of Allegri, called (Jorreyyw, who died when
Waterloo, now at Apsley House. In 1844 Pomponio was twelve years old ; education
he again went to St. Petersburg, to paint his but some
completed by grandfather ;

Peter the Great at Saardam, now in the think he was taught later by Houdani. Es-
Winter Palace. He was engaged at the tablished himself in Parma and won a fair
time of his death upon a picture of the bat- Decorated the Cappella del
reputation.
tie of Bannockburn. His best i>ortrait is Pojxrto in the Duoino,
Parma, in 15(iO-C2,
that of Sir Walter Scott (1832), now in the with
'

frescos, some of which still exist!

National Portrait Gallery. Saudby, ii. 152 ; Several
pictures by him in the Parma Arad-
Catalogue National Gallery ; Art Journal emy. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 122 Lonzi, ii. ;

(1849), 109 (1850), 100. ; 390 Meyer, Kllnst. Lex., i. 481 Burc-k-
; ;

ALLEGRAIN, ETIENNE, born in Paris hardt, 701.

'

in March, 1644, died there,

April 1, 173G. ALLEMAND, LOUIS HECTOK FRAN-
French school was a good landscape paint-
;
</OIS, born in Lyons, Aug. 5, 1809. Land-
er in the style of Poussin and
Francisque scape painter brought up a merchant,
;

Millet became court painter to Louis XTV.,

; he turned his attention to art when
first
and associate of the Academy in 1077. Also thirty years old studied nature around
;

an engraver. Works two landscapes in :

Lyons and in Dauphtne, and afterwards
the Louvre seven landscapes at Versailles
; ; Ruisdael, Hobbema, and Claude Lorrain in
Moses in the Bulrushes, Hermitage pict- ; the galleries of France, England, and Hol-
ures in the museums of Dijon, Alenyon, land. Belongs to the new realistic school
Tours, and Versailles. Villot,Catalogue of landscape painting in France. Works
j
:

Louvre ; Lejeune, i. 354 ; iii. 291 ; Meyer, Wood-Border, Road near Pond, Sunset,
'

Kunst. Lex., i. 332. Morning on the Rhone, Waterfall of the

ALLEGRETTO NUCCI, or DI NUZIO, Gier, two landscapes, Lyons Museum do., ;

born in Fabriano in 130G, died in 1385. Nimes Museum. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i.
Umbro-Florentiue school appears on regis- 484. ;

ter of guild of St. Luke, Florence, in 1340. ALLEMAND, FRITZ and SIGMUND L'.
Earliest picture bearing his name is the See L'Allemand.
Madonna with Saints, dated 1305, in the ALLEN, THOMAS, born in St. Louis,
Museo Cristiano of the Vatican. In 1308 Missouri, in 1849. Pupil of Prof. Duckcr
he finished the Madonna with Saints in the in Dilsseldorf, later studied three years in
Sacristy of Macerata Cathedral, and in 1372 France. Exhibited first at National Acad-
j

the Madonna enthroned, collection of Signer emy in 1870 also exhibits in Paris. Elected !

Fornari, Fabriano. Other works Madonna, A. N. A. in 1884. Studio in Boston. Works : :

and Crucifixion, Berlin Museum. His draw- Maplehurst at Noon (T. B. Clarke, N. Y.).
ing is precise, his colouring clear and rosy, ALLINGHAM, HELEN PATEHSON,
his figures slender, with pretty faces in- born near Burton-ou-Trent, England, in ;

deed, his style lacks the simplicity and dig- 1848. Genre painter, water colours; pupil
nity characteristic of Giotto and his follow- of School of Design, Birmingham, and of
ers._C. & C., Italy, ii. 193 ; Meyer, Kdusi Royal Academy, London, in 18G7. In 1868
Lex., i. 334 ; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iv. 161 sketched in Italy two months, and on return
;

ed. Mil., iii. 16, 22 ; Burckhardt, 555 ; Cibo, to England drew on wood for illustrated
ScuolaUmbra (Rome, 1872), 50. i

periodicals. Exhibited at Royal Academy

ALLEGRI, ANTONIO. See Corrcyyio. [
in 1874, under name of Helen Paterson,

S7
 ALLONGE
The Milkmaid and Wait for In August, of a young man, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Me. ;

Wm. Bianca Capello, Berlin

1874, married Alliugliam, the poet. Bouaventura Family,
Associate of Society of Painters in Water
Colours in 1875. Works :
Young Custom-
ers (1875)
Men's
painted many
Spring Days (1876) The Old
;

Gardens, Chelsea Hospital.

water colour portraits of
She
Car-
;

Ada /(ion
in his last years. Portfolio (1878), 33 Museum. ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole florentine ;
lyle
Art Journal (1882), 7. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 503 Vasari, ed. Le ;

ALLONGE, AUGUSTE, born in Paris, Mon., viii. 34, ix. 100, xii. 302.
March 19, 1833. Landscape painter, pupil ALLORI, CRISTOFANO, born in Flor-

of Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1852, and of ence, Oct. 17,

L. Cogniet. First distinguished himself 1577, died
in 1855 by charcoal drawings of French there in 1621.
scenes. His oils are rare, and less remark- Flo r en tine
able than his charcoals. Works : Solitude, school son
;

Fountain of Barbara, Path to the Foun-

Sta. and pupil of

tain, Brook near Creux, Marsh near Moulin Alessandro

Frou (1876) View in the Park of Plombieres
;
Allori, and af-

Autumn Morning (1873) The Sea terward pupil

(1875) ; ;

of Santo di Ti-
(1874), Havre Museum Valley of Hyeres.;

His treatise on charcoal drawing, Le paysage to, both schol-

au fusain, 54 plates, Goupil Co., trans- & ars of Angelo

lated by S. D. W. (N. Y., 1876), is justly Bronzino,
celebrated. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 494. whose style
ALLORI, AGNOLO, or ANGIOLO. See Cristofano at
Bronzino. first followed, butabandoned for the new
ALLORI, ALESSANDRO di Cristofano Florentine eclectic manner based on that of
di Lorenzo, Correggio. He became one of the best ar-
born in Flor- tists in Florence of his time, but his habits

ence, May 3, were irregular and he left but few pictures.

1535, died He excelled in portrait painting. By far
there, Sept. his best work is Judith, Palazzo Pitti, Flor-
22, ICO 7. ence. Other examples Hospitality of St.
:

Florentine Julian, St. John in the Desert, Pitti ;

Ador-
school ne- ation of the Magi, Infant Christ, Magdalen,
;

phew, pupil, TJffizi, Florence Isabella of Aragon implor-

;

and medi- ing Charles VHI. for her Father. Ch. Blanc,
ocre imita- Ecole florentine; Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., i. 508;
tor of Ange- Baldinucci, x. 259.
lo Bronzino, ALLOU, GILLES, born in Paris in 1670,
with whose died there, Feb. 2, French school
1751. ;

surname he sometimes signed his pictures. portrait painter ;

became member of Acad-
Among his works are Baptism of Christ :
emy in 1711. His portraits, which rival
(15GO), Marriage at Cana, Joseph and Poti- those of Rigaud andLargilliere, found much
phar's Wife, Martyrdom of St. Lawrence, and well-deserved favour. He was em-
St. Peter Walking on the Waters, St. Fran-
ployed in the Royal Carpet Factory at
cis, TJffizi Bathsheba in the Bath, Portrait
; Beauvais. Works :
portraits of Coypel and
 ALL SAINTS
Coysevox, Versailles Museum portrait of painted irregularly and produced but few
;

Boullogue, Kcole des Beaux Arts. Meyer, other pictures comparable to bin early per-
Kiiust. Lex., i. 513 Jal, 29.
; formances. In 1830 bo married again and
ALL SAINTS. See Trinity, Adoration ot removed to Cauibridgeport, where he re-
ALLSTON, WASHINGTON, bom 1

at sided the remainder of his life. Among his

Waccamaw, South other works are Jeremiah (Yale College)
:
;

Carolina, Nov. 5, Witch of Endor (W. H. Gardiner), Mirinm

1779, died at Cam- (F. Sears), Beatrice (Pres. Charles Eliot),
bridgeport, Mas- Rosalie (N. Appleton), Amy Robsart (L A
sachusetts, July 9, Lowell), The Valentine (Mrs. Geo. Ticknor),
1843. History and Boston ; fyialalro, Bride, Spanish Girl, Tus-
portrait paiuter, can Girl, Evening Hymn, Lorenzo and Jes-
pupil in miniature sica, Flight of Florimel, Roman Lady, The
painting of Ed- Sisters. Allston also glinted landscapes and
ward Malbone portraits, among the latter being Benj. West
was graduated at (Boston Athemcum), and Coleridge (Na-
Harvard College in tional Portrait Gallery, London), and pub-

1800, and in 1801 entered the schools of lished volumes of poems and prose. Menio-
the Royal Academy, London, of which rial Hist. Boston, iv. 392 Sandby, i. 399; ;

his countryman Benjamin West was then Tuckemian, 13(J Knickerlx>cker Mag., xiv.
;

president. In 1804 he went, with Van- 163, xxiv. 205 N. Ainer. Rev., L 358
;
Dem. ;

derlyn and C. B. Leslie, to Paris, to study Rev., 431; Atlantic Mag., xv. 129;
xiii.

in the Louvre, and thence to Rome, where Meyer, Kdnst. Lex., i. 513 Ware, Lectures ;

he spent four years. After a visit to Amer- on (Boston, 1852).

ica, during which he married a sister of
ALMA PARENS, William Adolphe Hou-
Dr. Channiug, he settled in London in (jnereau, Geo. R. Blanchard, New York ;

1811, and in the following year won a prize canvas, H8 ft 8 in. x5 ft. 9 in. A female
of 200 guineas from the British Institution figure seated, draped, with nine children,
for his Dead Man revived by Touch of Eli- the one at left
nude, grouped around her ;

sha's Bones, now Acad- is the infant Si John. Paris Salon, 1883
in the Pennsylvania ;

331.
emy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia. This was sold for $20,000. Art Journal (1883),
followed by the Liberation of St. Peter by ALMA-TADEMA, LAURENZ, born at
the Angel, which was taken to America in Dronryp, Fries-
1859 and presented by Dr. Hooper in 1877 land, Jan. 8, 183C.
to the Worcester Lunatic Asylum Educated at the
(Mass.) ;

Jacob's Dream, Petwortli Gallery and Uriel gy

;
nasiuni ofm
in the Sun, Stafford House, for which the Lee u warden,
British Institution awarded him a prize of where he con-
150 guineas. The first sketch of Belshazzar's ceived a passion
Feast was painted about the same time. for Egyptian and
He visited Paris again in 1817, was elected Greco-Roman ar-

an ARA in 1818, and in the same year chaeology, which

returned to America, and taking a studio in has had a great in-
Boston began to work on his Elijah and fluence on his art

Belshazzar's Feast. But, afflicted by the life student of ;

in 1852 subse-
death of his wife and by ill-health from art in Antwerp Academy ;

of Baron Henry Leys. Exhib-

overwork, and removed from the art atmos- quently pupil
to which be had been accustomed, he ited in Antwerp, 1801, Education of the
phere
 ALMA-TADEMA
Children of Clotilda ; and in Amsterdam, On the Way to the Temple (1879) Frede- ;

1862, Venantius Fortunatus at Badagonde, gonda, Spring Festival, Question, Garden

which was awarded a gold medal. In 1865 God, Pastoral (1880) Sappho, In the Tep- j
;

he sent to London his Egyptian Games, idarium, Ave Caesar, lo Saturnalia (1881) ;

which was followed by several others, among Torch Dance, An Audience, Early Affections,
them Roman Dance (1866), and Phidias and Barnay as Marc Antony (1882) Venus and ;

the Elgin Marbles (1868). In 1869 he Mars, An Oleander, Antony and Cleopatra,
exhibited at the Royal Academy, A Ro- Xanthe and Phaon, 'Twixt Venus and Bac-
man Amateur (1868), and Pyrrhic Dance chus (1883). Portfolio (1874), 109 (1878), ;

(1869), and in 1870 The Convalescent, Un 145 Art Journal (1875), 9 (1883), 33, 65
; ; ;

Jongleur, and a second Roman Amateur. Univ. Mag. (1879), 706 Blackwood (March, ;

In this latter year he married Miss Laura 1883), 401 Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 113.
;

Epps, an English lady, and removed from ALMA-TADEMA, Mrs. LAURA, wife of
Brussels to London, which he has since Laurenz Alma-Tadema. Figure painter ;

made his home. He has won many honours, exhibits at Royal Academy, and at Grosvenor
is a knight of many orders, and is a member Gallery, London. Works Blue Stocking :

of the Royal Academies of Amsterdam (1877) Daffodowndilly (1878) Hunt the

; ;

(1862), Munich (1871), Berlin (1874), Lon- Slipper, A Good Book (1880) Winter, Sis- ;

don (A. R. A, 1876 R. A, 1879), Stockholm

; ters (1881) Asleep, Granny's Needle (1882)
; ;

(1878), Vienna (1878), and Madrid (1879). May I come In (1881). Art Journal (1883),
Medals: Paris, 1864; 2d class, 1867; 1st 345.
class, 1878 L. of Honour, 1873
; officer,ALMEH, DANCE OF THE, Jean Leon
;

1878. Other works How they Amused

:
Gcrume, John Hoey, New York. The dancer,
Themselves in Egypt 3000 Yearsago (1863) her garments slipping off from her body, is
;

Fredegonda and Pretextatus (1864) Egyp- posturing before a group of soldiers, seated
;

tian Game, Catullus at Lesbia's, Soldier of at left in a Cairo tavern at right, three ;

Marathon (1865) Entrance to a Roman musicians. Photogravure in Art Treasures

;

Theatre, Agrippiua visiting the Ashes of of America, ii. 80.

Germanicus, Roman Dance (1866) ;
The
ALOISI, BALDASSARE, called II Gal-
Mummy, Tarquinius Superbus (1867) ;
The
born at Bologna in 1578, died at anino,
Siesta, Flowers, Flower Market (1868)A Rome in 1638. Bolognese school history
; ;

Negro, Wine Shop (1869) Vintage Festival and portrait painter pupil of the Carracci.
; ;

(1870) A Roman Emperor, Une Fete In time, Went to Rome in time of Urban VTTT. and
;

Greek Pottery (1871) Reproaches, Mummy painted many portraits of illustrious persons.
;
!

in Roman Period, Improvisatore, A Halt, Works Visitation, La

:
Cariti, Bologna ;

Death of the First Born, Greek Wine (1872) ;

Madonna with SS. John Baptist and Fran-
The Dinner, The Siesta, The Cherries, Fish- cis, S. Paolo in Monte, ib. ;
Coronation of
ing (1873) Joseph Overseer of Pharaoh's
;
Virgin, GesH e Maria, Rome.
Granaries, Sculpture Gallery, Picture Gal- ALOPHE, ALEXANDRE, born in Paris,
lery, Autumn, Good Friends, On the Steps June 6, 1812, died there in August, 1883.
of the Capitol, Water Pets Genre and portrait painter, pupil of Roque-
(1874) After ;

the Dance, Hide and Seek, Audience at plan and of Delaroche. Medals 3d class, :

Agrippa's, Cleopatra (1876) Four Seasons, 1844; 2d class, 1847.

; Works: A Page,
Between Hope and Fear, The Sculptor Evening Lull In the Woods
(1869) ;

(1877); Sculptor's Model, Love Missile, (1870) In the Open Fields (1877) Read- ; ;

Bacchante, Architecture, Sculpture, Paint- ing of Faublas, Discouragement (1879).

ing (1877) Cherries (1878) Hearty Wel- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 521.
; ;

come, Down to the liiwr, Pomona Festival, ALOVIG1, See Lujegno. ANDREA
30
 ALSLOOT
ALSLOOT, DENIS VAN, born before ALT, THEODOR, Iwrn nt DOlilau, Bava-
1628. Excellent landscape painter, Flem- Genre painter, pupil ofria, Juno 23, 1840.
ish school pictures very rare. Court painter
;
Kreliug in Nuremberg, and of the Munich
to Archduke Albert, Governor of the Neth-
Academy. His pictures of subjects from
erlands, about 1599. Works: Landscape (with modern life show great talent for
composi-
figures by H. de Clerck), Vienna Museum tion, feeling for nature, and harmonious
;

Masquerade on the Ice, two pictures of Pro- colour. Meyer, Kim -I. Lex., i. 535.
cessions of Guilds in Brussels, Madrid Mu- ALTAMURA, SAVEIUO, born at Foggia,
seum; Castle and Park of Mariemont (1020), Italy, in 1824. History painter, of pupil
Brussels Museum
Abbey of La Cambre
; the Naples Academy, and one of the most
(1009), NantesMuseum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., distinguished Italian masters of modern
i. 527 ; Viardot, 107 ; Michiels, Rubens, 347. times has painted since 1850 mostly in
;

ALT, JAKOB, born in Frankfort-on-the- Florence ; in 1802 visited France and

Eng-
Main, Sept. 17, 1789, died in Vienna, Sept. land. Favourite subjects, historical genre.
30, 1872. Landscape painter, studied at Studio in Naples. Works: Origin of the
Frankfort and, after 1811, in Vienna. Guelphs and Gliibellines in Florence Ma- ;

Painted scenes in the Austrian Alps, on rius Conqueror of the Cimbri (1801), Senate
the Danube, in Upper Italy, which he vis- Chamber, Florence Old Hatred and New ;

ited in 1828 and 1833, and Rome. Works Love Madonna Enthroned Tasso in Sor- :
; ;

Isle of S. Giorgio Maggiore (1834), Vienna rento Salvator Rosa among the Robbers ; ;

Museum Grave Yard at Hallstadt Garg- Doubt and Faith. Meyer, KUnst. Lex.,
; ;

nano on Lake Garda. Meyer, Kiinst. i. 535.

Lex., i. 532; Kuust-Chronik, viii. 20, xi. ALTARPIECE OF BRESCIA. See Br<-*-

345 ; Allgem. d. Biogr., i. 355. cia.

ALT, RUDOLF, born in Vienna, Aug. 28, ALTDORFER, ALBRECHT, born be-
1812. Landscape and architecture painter, fore 1480, died at Ratisbou, Feb. 12 or
chiefly in water colours son and pupil of 14, 1538. History and landscape painter,
;

Jakob Alt and student at Vienna Academy. strongly influenced by Dilrer, possibly his
Has travelled extensively in Austria, Ger- pupil came from Amlx>rg to Ratisbon, was ;

many, Italy, Switzerland, and the Crimea. admitted to burgher rights in 1505, and
Is a member of the Vienna Academy. His afterwards elected alderman and city archi-
few oil paintings are inferior to his water tect. One of the most remarkable mastcrH
colours, which command high prices in of the Old German school. Works Birth :

Vienna. Works in oil St. Stephen's of Mary, Altai-piece with Christ on the Cross
:

Church (1832), Giardiui pubblici in Venice (1517), Augsburg Gallery Pietik,

Madonna ;

(
Vienna Museum Gate of Pi-ague,
1834), ;
in Glory, Susanna at the Bath (1520), Land-
of Ar-
Venice, Well in Nuremberg. Water col- scape with St George (1510), Battle
ours Cloister Yard of Monreale, Harbour
: bela (1529), Pinakothek, Munich Altnq>ieco ;

of Palermo, Arch of Titus in Rome, Castle with SS. Narcissus and Matthew, Univer-
Hollenegg, Well in Nuremberg, Bird's-Eye sity, ib.; Christen the Cross (150C), Burg,
View of Danube, Old and New Vienna, Nuremberg ;
St. Stephen before the Judge,
Orvieto Cathedral, Milan Cathedral, Campo of St. Stephen, St QuirimisMartyrdom
Vaccino, S.
Venice, Marco
Coast near
in lifted out of the Water, St. Jerome in
|

Naples, DUrrenstein, Temple of Vesta, Prayer, Maurice Chapel, ib.; SS. Francis
j

His brother Franz (born 1821) went through and Jerome (1507), Landscape with Satyr
same course of study and paints similar sub- Family (1507), Repose in Egypt (1510),
jects. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 533 filler, ;
M
Landscape with Illustration of Proverb
11 Wurzbach, L 15.
; (1531), Berlin
Museum Madonna (1515), ;

31
 ALTICHIERO
Vienna Museum ;
do. (1511), Liechtenstein ALTMANN, ANTON, the younger, bom
Christ with Mary and St. John, in Vienna, June 4, 1808. Landscape painter ;
Gallery, ib.;
Abbey of son of Anton, landscape painter (1777-
1818) ; pupil of the Vienna Academy,
under Mossner. His pictures are good
in choice of subject, carefully executed,
Biog.,i.356; and show a
fine feeling for nature. Works :

Keane, Early Masters, 164 Meyer, Kttnst.;

Cloister in Bohemia (1838), View in Styria,

Lex., i. 536 Scott, Little Masters, 24.

; (1840), Wood Landscape (1840), Landscape
ALTICHIERO DA ZEVIO, born at Zevio, with large ferns (1846), Swamp (1846), Eve-
near Verona, about middle of 14th cen- ning Landscape (1847), Well near Wood-
tury. Worked alternately in Verona and land, Mountain Mill (1851), Wood Land-
Padua. Vasari says he painted the siege of scape (1851), After the Rain (1852), Vienna
Jerusalem by Titus, after Josephus, in the Museum. Andresen, iii. 187; Meyer, KiinsL
hall of the palace at Verona, and other great Lex., i. 558 Wurzbach, i. 19. ;

works. He also executed a series of frescos ALTOBELLO MELONS. See Melone.

in the Cappella S. Felice, S. Antonio, Padua, ALTOMANTE, MARTIN, born in Na-
which shows a strong Giottesque influence, ples, May 8, 1657, died at Stift Heiligen-
and after Giotto's frescos in the Arena Chapel kreuz, Lower Austria, Sept. 14, 1745. Real
are the most important works of their kind name Hohenberg, of German parentage.

painted in N. Italy during the 14th century History painter, pupil in Rome of Bacciccio,
(C. & C.). In this work he is said to have then of Carlo Maratta and of Academy ;

had an assistant, one Jacopo Avanzi, with went in 1684 to Warsaw and became court-
whom his name is always coupled by Vasari. painter to King John Sobieski, after whose
This painter was a Paduan, a Veronese, or a death in 1698 he left Poland for Germany,
Bolognese but if the latter, he is not to be and in 1703 went to Vienna, was made mem-
;

confounded with Jacobus Paoli of Bologna, ber of the Academy in 1707, and settled at
whose crucifixions, Crowe and Cavalcaselle Linz, Upper Austria, in 1720 his last years ;
|

say, are evidently not by the painter of the he spent as a lay brother at Stift Heiligen-
S. Giorgio frescos. Other frescos in the kreuz. Works Raising of Siege of Vienna, :

Capella di S. Giorgio are ascribed by Principal Assault of the Turks on the Lowel
Forster to the same Jacopo Avanzi, but Bastion, The Polish Diet (these three prob-
C. & C. say they are identical in execution
ably in Warsaw Museum) St. Martin, and ;

with those of S. Felice. C. & Chodkjewicz Gallery, Lemberg Su-

C., Italy, ii. others, ;

232 ; Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 555 Vasari, sanna at the Bath (1709), Vienna Museum;
;

ed. Le Mon., vi. 86; Burckhardt, 519; St. John's Altar and
Ceiling in Sacristy,
Forster, Die Wandgemalde der St. Georgen- St. Stephen's, ib. Holy Family, St. Michael, ;

kapelle zu Padua (Berlin, 1841) W. & W., St. Peter's, ib. Raising of Youth at Nain, St.
; ;

i. 480 L'Anouimo Morelli (Bassano, 1800), 5. Charles Borromeo's, ib.

;
Meyer, Kiinst.
ALTISSIMO, CEISTOFANO DELL', Lex., i. 562 ; Wurzbach, i. 19.
flourished at Florence about and after 1550. ALTOVITI, BINDO, portrait, Raphael,
Family name Papi ; pupil of Pontormo and Munich Gallery wood, H. 1 ft. 10 ;
in. x 1
of Angiolo Bronzino. Is known principally 4 in. Half length of a youth about
ft.

through the collection of portraits (more twenty years old, with long fair hair and a
than 280) which he painted for Cosimo I. black
cap, looking over his shoulder at the
of Tuscany was of ordinary ability. Va- spectator his hand on his breast.
; Erro-;

sari, ed. Mil., vii. 608 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., neously considered by Rumohr, Bottari,
;

i. 557. and others, a portrait of Raphael himself.

 ALUXNO
Painted about 1512-13 ; formerly in Caua Pittori di Foligno (Perugia, 1872) ; Meyer,
and later in Palazzo Al- Kunst Lex.,
Altoviti, Florence, 565 Rowini, ii. 34, 162 C. i.
; ;

toviti, Rome, whence obtained in 1808 for & C., Italy, iii. 125 Burckhardt, 55C, 557 ;
;
|

Crown Prince Louis of Bavaria for 3 500 se- Miiller, 19 Ch. Blanc, Kcole oiubrienne ; ;

quins. Engraved by R. MorgLen as Ra- Ldbke, Gesch. Hal. Mai., L 242.

phael. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 351; Rumohr, ALVAREZ, Don LUIS, born in HIHUII,
ItaL Forsch., iii. 109 Passavant, ii. 117
;
contemporary. Genre painter
;
pupil of ;

Mttntz, 290, 387 Gruyer, Raphael, Peintre Madrazo, the elder.

; Studio in Rome.
de Portraits, i. 5, 17. Works :
Spanish Birthday Festival, Mrs. E,
ALUNNO, NICCOLO, born at Foligno D. Morgan, New York Flirtation in a Gon- ;

in 1430 ? died Aug. 1502 Umbriau school dola, Dressing for Ball, Selling Ticket* for
; ;

son of a painter at Foligno, and pupil of Charity Bull-Fight, J. P. Morgan, ib.; An-
Bartolommeo di Tommaso, through whose cient Coquette, Modern Coquette, R. C.
assistant, Benozzo Gozzoli, the scholar of Fra Hawkins, ib. Cardinal's Reception, Toilette ;

Angelico, his early style was affected by that of Duchess de Berri, H. Hilton, ib.; Jeal-
Florentine influence which they brought to ousy, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, ib.; Hide and
bear upon Umbria. Later his pictures give Seek, J. H. Stebbins, ib.; Flower-Shop,
evidence of a North Italian influence, shown Samuel Hawk Collection, ib.; Hallwrdier,
in the increased action of his figures, and Obliging Suitor, R. L. Stuart Collection,
their somewhat exaggerated facial expres- ib. ; Inopportune Visitor, R. G. Dun, ib. ;
sion. In the Madonna de' Consoli (1458), Our Forefathers' Diversions, M. Graham, ib. ;

S. Francesco, Deruta, his drawing is stiff Distribution of Prizes in Palazzo Borghese

and defective, the colour si prevailing reddish (1885), M. Munn, ib. Spinners, A. J. An- ;

brown but the sentiment is deep, and the telo, Philadelphia Concert, J. D. Laukenau,
; ;

naive Umbriau feeling marked. Other works Philadelphia Amateurs, C. H. Wolff, Phila- ;

in Alunno's first manner arc Banner in S. delphia Preparing for Masquerade, W. B.

:
;

Antonio Abate, Deruta, in which the St. An- Bemeut, Philadelphia Rousseau and ;
Ladies
thony on one side recalls Gozzoli, and the picking Cherries, S. A. Coale, Jr., St. Louis ;

crucifixion on the other Bai-tolornmeo di Marriage of Pauline Bonaparte and Prince

Tommaso Madonna and Angels, Duomo, Burghese, H. L. Dousman, St. Louis
;
;
Intro-

painted before 14G5, to which year duction of the Betrothed, Ch. Parsons,
St.
Assisi,

belong parts of an altarpiece, Brera, Milan Louis Flirtation, D. Catlin, St. Louis
; ;
New ;

Annunciation (140(i), Perugia Gallery, show- Baby, J. A. Scudder, St. Louis Carnival in ;

ing traces of Gozzoli's influence which con- the Prado in 18th Century (1884)
La B- ;

tinued up to about 14G8. After 1471 that lustraeion (1884), i. 131 (1885), i. 6. ;

of Crivelli predominates, as in the altarpiece, AMADEI, STEFANO, bora in Perugia,

Duomo, Gualdo Annunciation, Italy, Jan. 20, 1589,
died there, Jan. 20,
; Bologna
Gallery Birth and Coronation of the Vir- 1644. First devoted to science, he conceived
;

for painting while studying per-

gin (1483), Duomo, Nocera. The altarpiece a passion
in S. Niccolo, Foligno (1492), of which the spective with Giulio C. Augeli. He found-
Predella is in the Louvre, Paris, may be con- ed an art school in Perugia, and painted
sidered as Alunno's masterpiece in his sec- many altarpieces acquired a certain reputa-
;

ond, eclectic style. tion as a portrait painter, which procured

unplN NICfH Al
One of his latest
works is the Ma-
gfjf
FULG1NATJS jSJ^K
1499. Kunst.
L
Lex., i. 575
him numerous orders in Rome. Meyer,
Pasaavant, Raphael, ;

donna with Angels and Saints (1499) in a ii. 61.

Church at La Bastia, between Assisi and AMALTEO, POMPONIO, born in SanVito,
Venetian
Perugia. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 508 Rossi, Friuli, in 1505, died there in 1584.
;
 AMATO
school pupil and son-in-law of Pordenone, of Ingres.
;
Studied the antique, the Flor-
whose he imitated and to whom some entine quattrocentists, and Raphael. After
style
of his productions have been ascribed. Most a visit to the Morea in 1829, he exhibited,
successful in fresco; painted few easel pieces. from 1833, a series of portraits, which es-

Among the most important of his works is tablished his reputation, and in 1839-40
a series of frescos representing the history and 1848-53 executed several large wall
of the Virgin, in the choir of the church of paintings at St. Merry, St. Germain 1'Auxer-
the hospital at San Vito, for which he re- rois, and St. Germain en Laye (1848-1853), ;

ceived a patent of nobility in 1535. On the in the traditional style of the older Italian
'

same large scale are the frescos in S. M. delle masters. Medals 2d class, 1838 1st class, :
;

Grazie at Prodolone (1542), the Duomo of 1839 L. of Honour, 1845 officer, 1865. ; ;

Valvasone (1544), the church of Baseglia Works: Portraits of Alex. Duval (1848),
(1544-50), the church of Lestans the actor Geoffrey, Rachel (1855) Infant
.

_c ;

Pompom
Fnulensis
fecit 1578.
^
(154g ^ and otbera

Lex
H 3Q4 Meyei .

L 587 vasari, ed.

.
.
;
&c N
Kfljujt
_

Mil., v.
Christ asleep (1857), Head of Young Girl
(1859), Birth of Venus (1863), Lille Museum;
Young Girl with Doll (1864) ; Daphnis and
119; Joppi, Doc. iued. sulla Tita. . .
Pomp. Chloe (1865) ; Psyche (1867) ; Study of a
Amalteo (Udine, 1869). Child (1864), Luxembourg Museum, Paris.
AMATO, GIOVANNI ANTONIO D', the
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 597; Kunstblatt
elder, born in Naples in 1475, died there in (1841), 146; (1846), 138; Meyer, GescL,
1555. Neapolitan school pupil of Silvestro 353, 380 Miiller, 11.
; ;

de' Buoni studied later works of Perugino,

; AMAZONS, BATTLE OF (Amazoneu-
and painted both in oil and in fresco. Works: schlacht), Rubens, Munich Gallery; wood, H.
St. Michael and other Archangels, SS. Sever- 3 ft. 8 in. x 4 ft. 11 in.
Victory of Theseus
ino e Sosia, Naples ;
Madonna with Angels, over Thalestris, Queen of the Amazons, on
Naples Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. the bridge over the Thermodon. Theseus,
595. mounted upon a rearing horse, closely at-
AMATO, GIOVANNI ANTONIO D', the tended by his followers, is about to cast his
younger, born in Naples in 1535, died there javelin at the Amazons, who are turning in
in 1598. Neapolitan school nephew and flight at the other end of the bridge ; many
;

pupil of the preceding, and husband of Ma- of them are falling from the bridge, or
riagnola Criscuolo, who painted some Ma- struggling in the stream below. Subject
donnas in the Neapolitan churches. After supposed to have been borrowed from Titi-
his uncle's death he studied under Giov. B. an's Battle of Cadore. Painted about 1619
Lama, and besides him, took Francesco forM. van der Gheest. Kugler (Crowe), ii.

Curia and Ippolito Borghese for models. 285 (PI.) Cat. Munich
; Gallery.
Works S. Maria Visitapoveri (1571), Ma-
:
AMBERG, WILHELM, born in Berlin,
donna Enthroned, Naples Museum Coro- ;
Feb. 25, 1822. Genre
painter, pupil of
nation of the Virgin, Church of Monte de' Po-
Herbig, the Berlin Academy, and of Karl
veri others in S. Patricio, S. Pietro ad In 1844-45 he studied under Leon
;
Aram, Begas.
S. Giuseppe, S. Domenico
Cogniet in Paris, after which he visited Italy.
Maggiore, Sta.
Margarita, S. Niccolo alia Dogana, and After his return in 1847 he at first painted
Chiesa nuova, Naples. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
mythological subjects and portraits, then
596.
genre, both serious and humorous, and, more
i.

AMAURY-DUVAL, EUGENE EMMAN- recently, landscapes with figures. Subjects

UEL, born in Montrouge (Seine), April 16, attractive, treatment ingenious, and colour
1808. History and portrait
painter son of always effective. Since 1869, member of the
;

the diplomat archaeologist

Amaury pupil Berlin Academy. Works Consolation in
; :

34
 AMBERGER
Music (I860) Servant Maid Smoking, Ser- Madonna Enthroned, StRoch in a
;
Landscape,
vant Maid Drinking (18C3)
Ophelia, The Pinakothck, Munich
;
Hieronyuius Sulczer ;

Widow's Comfort (1878) Heading Werther (1542), Gotha

;
Gallery Portrait of Old Man, ;

National Gallery, Berlin Wurlitz

(1870), ;
replica, Gallery; Portrait of Charles V.
Raczynski Gallery, ib. Meyer, (1532), Kiiust. Lex., Sebastian Mfluster, Georg von
L 599 Miiller, 12 Rosenberg, Berlin Ma- Freundsberg, St
; ;
Augustine, Berlin Museum;
lersch., 71. Duko Louis of Bavaria (1540), Martin Weiss
AMBERGER, CH1USTOPH, born in (1544), Male and Female portrait (errone-
Amberg, Ulm or Nuremberg, about 14'JO or ously called Thomas Morus and Wife), Male
1500, died in Augsburg in 1561 or 1562. Bu8t-jM>rtrait, Vienna Museum do. ; (attrib-
German school ; portrait painter, perhaps uted to Holbein), Uffizi, Florence ; Portrait

Battle of the Amuoni, Rubnf, Munich Gallery.

pupil ofHans Burgkmair, and one of the best of Charles V. (1532, attributed to Holbein),
masters of the sixteenth century. Received Siena Academy Matthaus Schwartz and ;

into Augsburg guild in 1530, and appears Wife (1542), formerly in Baron von Frieacn'a
there until 15CO ;
was in Italy about 1535. Collection, Dresden. Allgem. d. Biog., L
Works : Portraits of Win. Morz and Afra 390 Kunst-Chronik, ;
ix. 190 Meyer, Kiinst.
;

Rehm (1533), of Kounul Peutinger and Wife Lex., W. & W., il 452.
i. 600 ;

(1543), Maximilians Museum, Augsburg ; AMBROGIO DA FOSSANO. See lior-

Altar with Madonna

(1554), Cathedral, ib. ; ijofjnone.
Christ with the Wise and Foolish Virgins AMBROGIO DI LORENZO. See Lo-

(1560), Transfiguration of Christ, St Ann's, renzetli.

ib.; Afra Rehm and Male Portrait (1533), AMBROGIO DA SIENNA See Loren-
Archeological Museum, Stuttgart; Trinity,
 AMBROSE
AMBROSE, ST., APOTHEOSIS OF, Ambrose, in canonicals, with mitre and cro-
Luigi Vioarini, S. M. de' Frari, Venice ; wood. zier, with six attendants, meets the Emperor,
who followed by three offi-
is

cers, the entrance, and

at

presses him back with his

hand. Eleven figures, nearly
all full length. Kett, 49 ;

Gal de Vienne.
AMERIGHI, MICHEL-
ANGELO. See Caravaggio.
AMERLING, FRIED-
RICH, born in Vienna, April
14, 1803. Portrait and fig-
ure painter, son of a poor ar-
tisan, pupil of Vienna Acad-
emy under Redl. By illumin-
ating maps and engravings
gained enough to enable him
London under Sir
to study in
Thomas Lawrence for nine
months, and in Paris under
Horace Vemet. A first prize
given him at Vienna for two
historical paintings enabled
him, in 1831, to go to Venice
and Rome. After his re-
turn he entered on a success-
ful career as a portrait paint-

er, under the patronage of

the Imperial family. In
Ambrose and Emperor Theodosius, Rubens, Vienna Museum,
184114 he resided at Rome
St. Ambrose on a throne between SS. George, and Florence. '

Works Archduke Rudolph,

:

Vitale, Gregory, Augustine and a monk on Emperor Francis (1832), Laxenburg Palace ;

one side SS. John Baptist, Gervase, and

; Prince Schwar-
Protase on the other SS. Sebastian and
; zenberg, Count
Jerome in foreground in lunette, Corona-
; Zichy, Count
tion of the Virgin. Begun in 1503 finished ; Nugent, Princess
by Basaiti after Luigi's death and placed on j
Khevenh tiller,
altar in the Cappella Milanesi. Has been Thorwaldsen,
wrongly assigned to Bart. Vivarini. C. & Gr illparzer,
C., N. Italy, i. 68, 259. Prince "Windisch-
AMBROSE AND EMPEROR THEO- gratz on horse-
DOSIUS, llubens, Vienna Museum ; canvas, back; Lute Hay-
H. 7 ft. 9 in. The Emperor
x 11 ft. 5 in. er, Artist'sBroth-
Theodosius, whose hands were stained by er as Fisher-boy,
the blood of the inhabitants of Thessalonica, St. Paul (1833),
is refused admission into the Cathedral
by Artist's portrait, Museum, Vienna Moses ;

Archbishop Ambrose of Milan (A. D. 390). and Brazen Serpent, Baron Pereira, ib. ;
 AMES
Italian Girl, Oriental Woman, Felnor Col- to a decorative character, produces graceful
lection, ib. ; Sleeping Children, Count Ber- effects. Works : Children playing with a
oldiugen, ib. ; Greek Woman, Muse of Goat, Boys playing with a Lamb, Hampton
Tragedy (1863) Girl with Doves (1868). Court Joseph in Pharaoh's Palace, Benja-
; ;

Brockhaus, i. 551 Meyer, Kiinsi Lex., min, St. Ferdinand receiving the Surrender
;

i. 627 Miiller, 12 Kunstblatt (1834), 294, of Seville, Portrait of an Infanta, Madrid

; ;

308 (1842), 122 Wurzbacb, L 29.

; ; Museum. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 631; Ccan
AMES, JOSEPH, born in New Hamp- Bennudez.
shire in 1816, died in New York in 1872. AMSTERDAM MUSKETEERS. See
Portrait painter studied in Rome. Passed Sortie.
;

his professional life in Boston and New AMULIUS. See Fabullux.

York. Elected an A. N. A. in 1869, and N. ANASTASI, AUGUSTE PAUL
A. in 1870. Ideal works Miranda Night :
; ; CHARLES, bora in Paris, Nov. 15, 1820.
Morning Death of Webster (1871) Ideal Landscape painter, pupil of Delaroche and
; ;

heads and a few landscapes. Portraits Pius Corot, entered the Kcole des Beaux Arts in
:

IX., Portrait of himself (1872, N. Academy); 1849. Style classical, inclining to the real-
Ristori ; Prescott Daughter of Benjamin istic.
; Though his pictures are attractive,
F. Butler ;
Clarence H. Seward ;
R. W. Emer- their treatment is decorative and often
son ; Rachel ;
Webster ;
Choate. superficial, and their colouring mannered.
AMIDANO, GIULIO CESARE, nourished Medal, 2d class, 1848 ; medal, 1865 ; L. of
at Parina, 1560-1628. Pupil of Pamiigia- Honour, 1868. In 1869 he became blind.
nino, or at least a close imitator of that mas- Works: The Last Rays (1850); Harvest-
ter ; painted afterwards also in the style of Time (1852); Huts in Normandy; The
other masters, and shows on the whole little Seine near Chatou View near Bougival ; ;

individuality or independence. Meyer, Banks of the Spree (1855) Banks of the ;

Kunst. Lex., i. 629. Maas (1857) Lake in Tyrol, Return of the ;

AMIGONI (Amiconi), JACOPO, born in Herd (1861) Villa Pamfili (1864), Luxem- ;

Venice in 1675, died in Madrid in 1752. bourg Museum, Paris ; Sunset near Dord-
Venetian school. After having attained a cer- recht Forum Romanum, Banks of the Tiber ;

tain reputation in Italy, he went to Munich, (1865). Others in museums of Marseilles,

and in the service of the Elector frescoed Lille, and Reunes. Meyer, Kunst Lex., i
several ceilings in the castle at Schleissheim ; 671; Miiller, 13; Gaz. des B. Arts (1864), 1

also painted oil paintings for churches and xvii. 13, 14.
the court. In 1729 he went to London, ANATOMIST, Gabriel Max, Private Gal-
where he found many patrons, and, besides lery, Munich canvas. The anatomist, an ;

painting frescos, was soon in great demand elderly man with a thoughtful face, is
as a portrait painter through the Russian seated in an arm-chair, gravely contem-
;

ambassador he also received orders for the plating the features of a fair young girl,
court of St. Petersburg. In 1736 he was, for whose dead body, lying upon the dissecting
a short time, in Paris, and in 1739 returned table beside him, is draped with a sheet, ex-
to Venice a wealthy man. In 1747 he re- cepting the face and neck which he has un-
paired to Madrid as court painter to Ferdi- covered in the background a table, with ;

nand VI. In his time this master stood in books, papers, and several skulls upon it.
high repute, but later was severely criticised Munich Exhibition, 1869. Art Journal ;

he a weak follower of Sebastiano (1881), 177.

is in fact

Ricci and Solimena, though a certain ease ANATOMY, LESSON IN, Rembrandt,
and mastery of treatment cannot be denied National Gallery, Amsterdam canvas, H. 5 ;

to him, which, wherever his art is confined ft 4 in. x 7 ft 1 in.; signed, dated 1632.

37
 ANAXANDER
Lecture by Nieolaas Tulp, of the Anatomical able mistake, in the inscription on his por-
of a singer. Eustath. ad Od., p. 1622-
Institute, Amsterdam, to pupils gathered trait
round a table, lies the dead body 38.
on which
of a man which he
has partly dissected. ANCHER, ANNA (nee Brondum), born
Eight figures, those iu foreground seen half- at Skagen, Denmark, Aug. 18, 1859. Figure
length, all portraits. Rembrandt's fame painter, pupil iu Copenhagen of Kyhn,
dates from this picture, which is remarkable married in 1880 to genre painter Michael
in composition, expression, execution, and A. Works: Old Man cutting Pegs, Old
beauty of colouring. Painted for Guild of Woman Skagen (before 1880) Mother
from ;

and Child, Coffee is ready

(1881). Sigurd Muller, 8.

ANCHER, MICHAEL
PETER, born at Ruthsker
Sogn, near Bornholm, Den-
mark, June 9, 1849. Genre
painter, pupil of Copen-
hagen Academy. Works :

A Lying-in-Room in Jut-
land (1874) Tavern Scene
;

(1875) Fishermen launch-

;

ing Lifeboat (1876) Lay ;

Preacher conducting Di-

vine Service on Skagen
Beach (1877) ; Fisherboy
returning from Seagull
Hunt, Sunday Evening on
the Beach (1878); Two
Lesson Anatomy, Rembrandt, National Gallery, Amsterdam.
in
Youn^ Girls Bovs ftt Mpfll

Surgeons, Amsterdam in their hall until

; (1879) ;
Mother's Reading Lesson, Will He
1828, when sold to king for 36,000 florins, clear the Point ? (1880) Figures in a Land-
;

Etched by L. Flameng. Engraved by J. de scape, Old Man laughing, Infant Class at

Frey. Similar subject previously painted Skagen (1881).- Sigurd Muller, 12 Illustr. ;

by Aert Pietersen (1603), Thomas de Keyser Zeitg. (1882), ii. 163.

(1619) Nieolaas Elias (1625), and Pieter

; ANDERSON, A. A., born in New York,
j

van Mirevelt (1617). Kugler (Crowe), ii. Aug. 11, 1847. Portrait and figure painter ;

368 Ch. Blanc, Rembrandt, 379 Mollett, studied in 1873 under Bonnat in Paris.
; ;

23 Smith, vii. 61 Fromentin, Les Maitres Studio in New York. Ideal Works Street
; ; :

d'autrefois, 291; Vosniaer, 23, 425. Scene in Cairo (1875) Young Oriental ;

ANAXANDER, painter, date unknown. (1876) Palm Sunday (1878) De la Richesse ; ;

Mentioned as by no means without reputa- ii la Pauvrete, Cafe Lion d'Or, Paris (1883).
tion. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146] Brunn, Portraits Mrs. A. A. A. (Salon, 1877) E. D.
; . :
;

300. Morgan ; Nathaniel Hawk

H. B. Claflin. ;

ANAXANDRA, painter, daughter of Ned- ANDERSSON, NILS, born in East Goth-

ces, lived about 200 B. c. Worked iu Cicyon land in 1817, died in Vaxholm, near Stock-
and in Egypt. Clem. Alexandr. Strom., iv. holm, June 19, 1865. Landscape and genre
124 Brunn, ii. 291.
;
painter, pupil of the Stockholm Academy ;

ANAXENOR, painter, of Magnesia, date made an art tour through Europe in 1851,
unknown. Name recorded, through a laugh- and studied in Paris in 1854-56. After his
 ANDES
return he became a member of the Academy bought by the State View in the Valley of
;

in 1857, and a professor in 1858. Works the Streture (1863) Panels with Laud-
:
;

Landscapes with animals, Stockholm Mu- scapes, Pavilion Mollieu, Louvre.

seum Fowler Art Union, Ckristiania.
; ANDRE, MICHEL FRANCOIS, born in

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 681. Aix, Provence, baptized May 22, 1700, died
ANDES, HEART OF THE, Frederic R Family name Bar-
in Paris, April 13, 1783.

Church, David Dows, New York canvas, H. don.

; History painter, pupil of J. F. de Troy.
G ft. 8 in. X 10 ft. Composition from studies In 1725 carried off second Academy prize for
made in the central mountainous regions of painting, then spent six years in Italy, where
Ecuador. Painted in 1858 for Win. T. Blod- he painted a colossal picture for the City
gett, N. Y., at the sale of whose collection it Hall (1729), now in the Aix Museum, and
was sold for $10,000. On its first exhibition allegorical figures of the Virtues. In 1737
nu enthusiastic description of it was written made Associate of the Academy. Returned
by Theodore Winthrop see his volume en- to Paris in 1752 and elected professor in
: '.

titled "Life in the Open Air." Art Journal, the Royal Academy of Painting. Founded
Oct., 1859 Harper's Weekly,
; May 7, 1859. the Academy of Art at Marseilles alx>ut 1750,
ANDRADAE, Don ANDRES "DE, por- and was its director. Was also a poet and
!

trait, Murillo, Earl of Northbrook, London Works: Christ Crucified, St Je-

'

musician. ;

canvas, H. 6 ft. C in. x 3 ft 10 in. Full rome, Aix Tullia, Montpellier Museum. ;

length, standing about fifty years old, with Meyer, Kilnst. Lex., i. 685.
;

dark doublet with slashed sleeves, knee ANDREA DEL CASTAGNO. See C'aa-
breeches, white stockings, right hand on tagno.
head of a dog seated by his side, left holding ANDREA DI CIONE. See Orcayna.
hat Bought from D. Antonio Bravo by Sir ANDREA DA FIRENZE or DA FLO-
J. H. Brackenbury, British Consul at Cadiz RENTIA of Florence, 14th century. He
;

sold to Louis Philippe for .1000 at his sale began in 1377 the series of frescos in the
;

(1853), to Thos. Baring for 1020. Copy by Campo Santo, Pisa, illustrating scenes from
Gutierrez in Acadernia S. Fernando, Madrid. the life of S. Ranieri, assigned by Vasari to
Curtis, 292 Athenseum(1853), 623.
;
Simone of Siena, which was finished in 1386
C. & C., Italy, i.
(Andray), JEAN, bom in Paris, by
ANDRfi Antonio Veneziano
in 1662, died there in 1753. Studied at Rome 395, ii. 84 ; Meyer, Kiinst Lex., ii. 2 ; Va-
under Carlo Maratti, in whose house he lived. sari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 93.
Became a Dominican monk, and devoted him- ANDREA DEL GOBBO. See Mario.
self to painting religious subjects. Works : ANDREA DEGLI IMPICCATL See
Jesus in Simon's House, Lyons ; Marriage at Caslagno.
Cana and Multiplication of Loaves, Bor- ANDREA MICHIELI, called Vicentino
died in
deaux two pictures
;
from life of St. Vincent (from Vicenza), born about 1539,
de Paul, St Lazare, Paris. Larousse 1614. Venetian school supposed pupil of
;
;

known
Meyer,Kiinst. Lex., i. 684. Jacopo Palma the younger nothing ;

ANDRE, JULES, born Executed important works in

in Paris, April 19, of his life.

1869. the Palazzo Ducale, Venice among them are

1807, died there, Aug. 17, Landscape ;

of Jolivard and Watelet. He the Doge Ziani presenting the Son of Barba-
painter, pupil
worked for ten years (1845-1856) the rossa to the Pope, the Assault of Kara in
in
Otho presented to the Pope, Baldwin
manufactory at Sovres, but painted pictures 1202,
Cru-
for the Salon at the same time. Medal, 2d elected Emperor of the East by the
In 1848 the of Venice by Pepin, the
class, 1835 L. of Honour,
;
1853. saders, Siege
the at the Defeat of Pepin, the Victory of the Vene-
was conservateur of drawings
of CatUro,
Louvre. Works: of Tauron (1855), tians over the Turks, the taking
Bridge
39
 ANDREA
and the Entry of Henry III. into Venice. ANDREA DI VANNI or ANDREA VAN-
In the Venice Academy are his Deposition NI, born in Siena in 1332, died in 1414.
from the Cross and his Madonna iu Glory Sienese school in 1353 he was painting in ;

with Saints and others of his works are at partnership with Bartolommeo di Man-
;

Vicenza, Padua, Treviso, Eovigo, etc., and fredi. In 1368 he took part with those who
iu the Zauipolo, expelled the nobles from Siena, and as a
Venetian churches of S.

S. Fantino, S. M. della Celestia, and the reward for his services was elected in 1370
Frari. His compositions, though rapidly one of the great council. He was a gonfa-
conceived and hastily executed, are well
loniere in 1371, envoy to the Pope at Avig-

worthy of attention. In the latter part of non in 1372, went on a mission to Florence
his life Andrea went to Munich and deco- in 1373, and was envoy to the Pope at Na-
rated the Imperial Hall of the Palace with pies in 1384. Although Lanzi calls him
'

" the Rubens of his

fourteen large paintings of sacred and class- time," painting appears
ical subjects. Ch. Blanc, Ecole venitienne to have been with him a business rather;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 709. than a passion. Damaged remains of some

ANDREA MILANESE. See Solario, An- of his frescos are iu the Miuutoli Chapel,
drea. Duomo, Naples, and in a chapel of S. Do-
ANDREA DA MURANO, end of 15th menico, Naples, and a portrait of St. Cather-
and beginning of 16th century. Venetian ine of Siena in S. Domenico, Siena. There
school pupil of Bartolommeo Vivarini, and is also a Virgin Enthroned by him in the
;

thoroughly impressed with his style, though sacristy of S. Stefano, Siena, a picture of a
far inferior to him in the treatment of common class, combining most of the de-
colour. Earliest authenticated work an fects of Bartolommeo di Manfredi. C. &
altarpiece painted for S. Pietro Martire in C., Italy, ii. 152 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i.
Murano, parts of which are in the Brera, 692 ; Milanesi, Siena e il suo Territorio,
Milan, and the Academy at Venice. He 168 ; Kugler (Eastlake), i. 173.
painted in 1501 an altarpiece for the church ANDREA VICENTINO. See Andrea
of Trebaseleghe near Treviso, and in 1502 a Michieli.
Madonna with Saints in the church of Mus-
ANDREAE, KARL, born at Miihlheim,
solone near Asolo. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 77
near Cologne, Feb. 3, 1823. History painter,
;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 707. pupil of the Diisseldorf Academy in 1839-44,

ANDREA DA SALERNO, born at Sa- under Karl Sohu and Schadow. From 1845
lerno about 1480, died iu Naples (?) about to 1849 he studied in Rome was especially ;

1545. Neapolitan school real name Andrea drawn towards Cornelius, whom he followed
;

Sabbatiui. Started for Perugia to study the to Berlin, where he remained until 1865 and
works of Perugino, but attracted by the then settled in Dresden. In 1859 he founded
fame of Raphael became his assistant and in Dresden the Saxon Christian Art Union,
;

finally settled in Naples, where he painted of which he has been president since 1864.
many pictures. His best picture is the Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., i. 713 Miiller, 13 ; ;

Adoration of the Magi in the Museum at Christl. Kunstblatt (1869), 164.

Naples. Other works in various churches ANDREW AND JEROME, SAINTS,
at Naples and Salerno. May be classed Tintoretto, Palazzo Ducale, Venice canvas, ;

with Jacopo Siculo and Pacchia of Siena. H. 6 ft. x 8 ft. St. Andrew standing, hold-
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 106 Vasari, ed. Le ing a cross;
St. Jerome reclining at his feet. ;

Mon., vi. 40, ix. 115 Burckhardt, 683 Companion picture to St. George and the
; ;

Seguier, 184 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole napolitaine ; Dragon. Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 296.
Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 373. ANDREW, ST., MARTYRDOM OF,
ANDREA DEL SARTO. See Sarto. Carlo Dolci, Palazzo Pitti, Floi-ence ; canvas,
 ANDKOKIUS
H. 4 ft x 3 ft. 3 in.;
signed, dated 164G. St By J. J. //m wr, Mmr. Raffalovich, Paris ;
Andrew kneeling, while an executioner re- canvas. Nude, standing, her head Iwnt
moves his clothes at left, three others pre- down, hair dishevelled, chained to two iron
;

pare the cross behind the saint, a centuri- rings fixed in the rock on the borders of
;

on and soldiers ;
in background, down the the sea. L' Artiste (1882), i. 58.
hill, the rabble. Painted for Marquis Carlo By Ritbfns, Blenheim Palace wood, H. ;

Gerini bought of his heirs by Grand Duke

; ft. G in. x 3 Chained to the rock,
ft. 1 iu.
Ferdinand HL Engraved by G. Guadag- '

in terror at the approach of tho monster ;

nini. Gal. du Pal. Pitti, ii. PL 41. over her head Cupid with his torch in dis- ;

By MurUlo, Madrid Museum ; canvas, H.

'
tance, Perseus, mounted on Pegasus, de-
4 ft. x 5 ft 3 in. The Saint, nearly nude, scending from skies. Probably painted iu
his white hair and beard streaming in the Italy. Waagen, Art Treasures, iiL 129.
air, is fastened with cords to a saltier cross ANDROMEDA, RESCUE OF. See Per-
formed of the trunks of trees above, cher- ;
seus and Andromeda.
ubs with the crown and palm of martyrdom ; ! ANESI, PAOLO, flourished at Rome first

beneath, executioners, two of whom tighten half of the 18th century, born about 1700.
the cords on his feet at left, in front, a ; Landscape painter frescoed in 1761, with
;

group of spectators at right, two soldiers

; Ant Bicchierai and Nic. LapiccoLo, three
on horseback, and others on foot Latest rooms in the Villa Albani, Rome, in the
manner. Repetition Sir Philip Miles, Bart,
:
style of Locatelli. His pictures, which are
Leigh Court, Somerset (not mentioned by rare, are often mistaken for those of Giov.
Waagen). Curtis, 209 Madrazo, 482. ; Paunini. Four Landscapes, Hohenzolleru
ANDROBIUS, painter, place and date un- three others (1760), at Gallery, Lemberg ;

known. Painted picture of Scyllis, the diver, Meyer, Kuust Lex., ii. 30; Schloss, Sagau.
cutting away the anchors of the Persian Nagler, Mon., i 497.
fleet Pliny, xxxv. 40 [138] ;Brunn, ii. 299. ANGE, FRANCOIS L', Ixmi in Savoy DE
ANDROCYDES, Greek painter of Cyzi- in 1675, died April 17, 1756. History
cus,contemporary and rival of Zeuxis, about painter, pupil of Crespi, at Bologna, 170<i.
400-377 n. c. Plutarch mentions (Pelop. 25), Ho painted small, well-drawn, and bril-
a picture by him representing a cavalry skir- liantly-coloured pictures. Worked long for
mish near Plattta shortly before the battle of the Marchese LucatellL Entered Order of
Lcuctra, and another of Scylla surrounded S. Filippo Neri in 1735. Meyer, Kiiust.
by fishes. Athen. viii.; Plut. Sympoa, iv. 2, 'Lex., ii. 31 Fclsina Pittrice, iii. 271. ;

3, 8 Brunn, ii. 124 Pliny, xxxv. 36 [64].

; ; ANGELI, BATTISTA. Sec M,,ro.
ANDROMACHE AND PYRRHUS, P. N. ANGELI, FILIPPO D', called Filipixi
Guerin, Louvre canvas, H. 10 ft, 7 in. x Napoletano, born iu Rome near end of
;

14 ft. 2 in.; signed, dated 1810. Subject 16th century, died in Naples alwut 1640.
from Racine's Andromaque. At right, Neapolitan school pupil of his father, ;

Orestes, standing, demands Astyanax in the who painted in Rome for Pope Sixtus V.,
name of the in centre, Pyrrhus, and afterwards was employed in Naples
Greeks ;

After his father's

seated, stretches his sceptre over the child by Cardinal Pallotta.
which Andromache, kneeling and in tears, death Filippo returned to Rome to con-
himself chiefly
puts under his protection at left, Hermi- tinue his studies, devoting
;

one, jealous of her rival, goes out in anger. to landscape painting, but also painted
Acquired in 1822 for 10,000 fr. Engraved architectural views with
well-executed fig-

by Richomme. Reveil, ii. 95. ures. His pictures are commended for good
ANDROMEDA, ancient picture. See aerial perspective and well-grouped acces-
Evanthus, Nicias. sories. Works Satyr and Peasant, Louvre
: ;
 ANGELI
Cavalry Skirmish, Schleissheim Queen Victoria (1875), Em-
Gallery ;
tenoble (1873),
Portrait of himself, Uffizi, Meyer, Florence.Emperor William, Crown peror of Austria,
Kiinst. Lex., ii. 43 Miindler, Essai, 26.;
Prince and Princess of Germany, Prince
ANGELI, GIULIO CESAKE, boru in Frederic Charles, Baron Manteuffel, Prin-
641
Perugia about 1570, died there iu 1630. cess of Montenegro. Brockhaus,
i. ;

Kunst. 45 Miiller, 14
Bolognese school pupil of Lodovico Car- Meyer, Lex., ii. ; ;
;

racci, whose influence is not very apparent niustr. Zeitg. (1872), i. 251 (1875), ii. 255 ; ;

in his paintings his drawing, especially of Kunst-Chronik, v. 143; Zeitsch. f. b. K,

;

147.
the nude, is negligent, while composition vi. iii.

and colouring show talent. Works Ma- ANGELICA AND ROGER, Jean Ingres, :

donna with Saints, Perugia Cathedral. Louvre, Paris canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. x 6 ft. ;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 44. 3 in. signed, dated Rome, 1819. Roger, ;

ANGELI, GIUSEPPE, born in Venice mounted upon a hippogriffe, plunges his lance
about 1710, died in 1798. Venetian school into the monster, about to devour Angelica ;

pupil of Gio. Batt. Piazetta, from whom he chained to a rock. Subject from Ariosto.
derived his blackish shadows and disagree- Painted in 1819, sketches in Montauban
able yellowish tint. His drawing is skilful, Museum first sketch for figure of Angelica, ;

composition and in his later period retouched in 1867, Ph. Burty.

vivid, Cat. Louvre.
the colouring becomes more light and pleas- ANGELICO, Fra GIOVANNI, born in
ing, but is lacking in strength. He painted Vicchio in 1387, died in Rome in 1455,
a great deal in oil and fresco for the churches Florentine school real name Guido or Gui- ;

in Venice and neighbouring cities. Works doliuo di Pietro ; called also Fra Gio. da Fie-
:

Little Drummer, Louvre Lot and Daugh- sole and II Beato (the Blessed); may have
;

ters, Mentz Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., studied under Stamina, but was probably
ii. 44 Zanotto, Storia, 102
; bred with his younger brother, Benedetto,
; Zanetti, Pit-
tura Ven., 614. in the monkish school of miniature. To-
ANGELI, HEINEICH VON, born in gether they took the vows iu 1407-8, either
Oedenburg, Hungary, Feb. 8, 1840. His- at Cortona or at the Dominican Convent,
tory, genre, and portrait painter, pupil in Fiesole, where they remained until 1409,
1854 of the Vienna Academy, then of Gus- when with the brethren who adhered to
tav Mailer, and with Loutze went to Diissel- Gregory XH. they retired to the Dominican
dorf in 1856. In 1859-62 he was in Mu- lonvent at Foligno, and lived there and at
nich, and in 1862 settled in Vienna, where he iortona until 1418. The next eighteen
soon became the favourite portrait painter years were passed by Fra Angelico in Fie-
of the aristocracy. His portraits are dis- sole, after which he spent nine years (1436-
tinguished for truth, an air of high breeding, 1445) in the Convent of S. Marco, Florence.
and elegance of arrangement, and his genre Prom 1445 until his death, with the excep-
pictures are full of dramatic life. Medal, tion of three months' (1447) employment in
Paris, 3d class, 1878. Professor in Vienna Orvieto, he resided in Rome, where he
Academy since 1876. Works :
Mary Stuart painted frescos in two chapels of the Vati-
Sentenced (1857); Louis XI. and Francis an for Eugenius IV., and his successor,
de Paula (1859); Antony and Cleopatra Nicholas V. The residence of Fra Angelico
(1860) Csesar and Antony Jane Gray be- at Foligno during an early period of his
; ;

fore Execution Avenger of his Honour ife favoured his peculiar development. At
;

(1869) Youthful Love (1871), Vienna Mu- Assisi, which lies at no great distance from
;

seum Italian Lovers (1872) Denied Abso- Foligno, he saw and studied the works of
; ;

lution (1873) Portraits of Grillparzer, Giotto, of whose school he may be called a

;

Alex. Dumas, Lady in Black

(1872), Cos- follower, inasmuch as he exclusively devel-
 ANGELINI
oped one of its chief elements while at Magi, St. Peter Martyr, S. Marco, Florence
; ;

Foligno he perfected himself in the art of Frescos, Lives of SS. Laurence and Stephen,
;

illuminating choir books and missals. Kvi- Chapel of St Nicholas, Vatican, Home (1450-
dence of Angelico's training as a miniaturist 55) God the Father and Prophets (1447),
', ;

is to be found in the dryness, precision, ceiling, Duomo, Orvieto Coronation of tho ;

and extreme simplicity of his style, and in I'iryin, Miracles of St Dominic, Louvre,
the thinness and meagreness of his execu- Paris Last Judgment, Berlin Museum ; ;

tion. Mosolino may have taught him how Adoration of the Magi, Christ with Angels
to make his draperies more transparent by and the Blessed, National Gallery, Lon-
new methods of glazing, and how to use don. Vasari, ed. MIL, ii. 505, 527 C. ;

other freshly discovered technical processes, & C., Italy, L 659; Marchesi, L 185;
but nevertheless he remained a mystic in an Burckhardt, 530; Rio, ii. cap. xL; Life of
age of growing naturalism a medievalist F. A, Arundel Soo. Pub. (London, 1850) ;
;

in the first period of the Renaissance, work- Cartier, Vie de F. A. (Eng. trans., London,

ing in the fifteenth century in the spirit of 18G5) Forster, Leben und Werke (Ratis- ;

the fourteenth. Angelico with all his tech- bon, 1859) Dohme, 2 L
1
;

nical incompleteness has never been ex- ANGELINI, ANNIBALE, Cavaliere, born
celled in depicting the seraphic. His angels at Perugia, Italy, in 1812. Landscape painter,
are birds of Paradise, whose faces glow with pupil of Perugia and Florence Academies.
beatitude, whose forms are just enough Professor at Academy of S. Luca, Rome ;

like those of human beings to make them member of most of the Italian Academies,
comprehensible, but not so much so as to Several orders. Works : Six Landscapes
veil their divine nature. Another point in j
with Architecture, Vatican, Rome Land-
;

which Angelico stands alone is in his power scapes, Quirinal, ib. ; Ceiling Fresco, Palazzo
of depicting in the faces of his saints and Doria, ib. Muller, 14.
devotees the deep emotions which stir na-
j
ANGELO, MICHAEL. See Hwhelan-
tures like his when absorbed in the contem- gelo.

plation of divine mysteries. The counte- ANGELS,

> FALL OF, Luca Giordano, Vi-
nances of some of the great teachers and enna Museum ; canvas, H. 13 ft. 4 in. x8 ft.

founders of religious orders in his fresco of 10 in. signed, dated 1666. The Archangel ;

the Crucifixion (after 1436), in the Chapter Michael, sword in hand, in a glory of angels,
House, S. Marco, Florence, are instances in overcomes the rebellious angels and casts
point. Some of the most remarkable of An- them down. Engraved by Eissner. GaL de
gelico's works are Altarpiece, Lunette over Vienne, ii.
: PL 89.

Domenico, Cortona (before 1418);! ANGELUS, J. F. Millet, M. Secretain,

portal, S.
Predella of same, Annunciation, Gestl, Cor- 1
Paris canvas.
; Evening two peasants, a ;

tona parts of an altarpiece, Perugia Gal-

;
man and a woman, at work in a field, hear
lery ;
Predella of same, Vatican, Rome ; the bells of the Angelus from a chapel seen
j

altarpiece (after 1418, repainted by

Lorenzo in the distance. They rise, stop work, and
downcast
di Credi), S. Domenico, Fiesole Corona- ; standing bareheaded, recite with
"
tion of the Virgin (1433), Coronation of the eyes the words of the prayer, Angelus do-
mini nuntiavit Mariw." Painted in 1859;
Virgin, and many small panels (1436), Uflfizi,
;

Last and sold to J.W.Wilson, Paris; at his sale (18*

Florence; Judgment, Paradise,
Original design, W. T. Walters,
j

Deposition from the Crow, 35 subjects from 160,000

fr.

Life of Christ, two altarpieces, Florence Baltimore. Etched by C. Waltner ; by A.

:

P. Martial in Art Journal (1884), 3

'

Academy Angels kneeling on Clouds, Turin

;

Gallery Crucifixion, Madonna della Stella,

; j
ANGIOLETTO DA GUBBIO, of Gubbi.
Coronation of the Virgin, Adoration of the j
fourteeth century. Worked as a mosaist at
 ANGIOLILLO
Orvieto (1321-1329), and afterward at Assisi. return to Italy. Until the death of her hus-
A series of small panels iu tempera, origin- band she lived at Palermo, where she painted

ally parts of one picture, in the Ranghiasci

some religious pictures of merit inferior to
Brancaleone collection, Gubbio, have been her portraits, and later, having remarried,

assigned to him. These have all the char- she settled at Genoa, where she was admired
acter of the Urbinese school at the close of and followed for her talents and accomplish-
the fourteenth century. The figures are ments. Her five sisters, Elena, Lucia, Mi-
long and slender, but the heads are oblojig
and the features small. The colour of the Sofonisba Genlisdona Cretnonese.
flesh is rosy, and the general tone gay and nerva, Europa, and Anna Maria were all

pleasing. C. & C., Italy, ii. 192; Meyer, painters. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. C4; Vasari,
Kttust. Lex., ii. 59 Cibo, 41.
;
ed. Mil., vi. 498 Ch. Blanc, Ecole lombarde; ;

ANGIOLILLO DA ROCCADIRAME, Wessely.

flourished about 1450, died about 1460 (?). ANIEMOLO (Ainemolo), VINCENZO,
Neapolitan school pupil of Antonio Solario,
;
bora in Palermo, towards end of fifteenth
and his assistant in many of his works. century, died there in 1540. Neapolitan
Painted altarpieces for churches in Naples. school the most noted artist in Sicily in the
;

Lanzi, ii. 12 Ch. Blanc, Ecole napolitaine. sixteenth century, holding some rank as An-
;

ANGUISCIOLA, SOFONISBA, born in drea da Salerno on the mainland. Probably

Cremona visited Naples and studied Perugino and
about 1535, later went to Rome, where he studied Rapha-
died in masterpieces and learned to imitate them
Gen- el's

oa in 1G22 arrangement and expression. His works

(?).
in
Lombard are chiefly in Palermo the best, a Madonna ;

school schol- between four saints, in S. Pietro Martire.

;

ar of Bernard- C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 117; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,

ino Campi and ii.71; De Marzo, Belle Arti in Sicilia, iii. 207.
of Bernardino ANKER, ALBERT, bom at Anet, near
Gatti ;
attract- Neufchatel, Switzerland, April 1, 1831.
ed attention at Genre painter pupil in Paris of Charles;

Rome about Gleyre and of the licole des Beaux Arts.

1554 by her His historic and domestic geni'e pictures are
portraits, one of the earliest of which is spirited and excellent in drawing, but some-
perhaps her own likeness of that year in the what dull in colouring. Medal, Paris, 1866 ;

Vienna Museum. She frequently represented L. of Honour, 1878. Works Evening Prayer :

herself in different situations, with brush (1861), Neufchatel, City Museum Village ;

and palette, Uffizi, Florence

seated at the School in the Black Forest, (1859) Luther
; ;

clavichord, Althorp, England ; at her easel, at Erfurt (1861) Burial of a Child (1864) ; ;

Keir, Scotland playing chess with two of Children Bathing (1865)

;
Writing Lesson ;

her sisters, Eaczyuski Gallery, Berlin. In (1866) Marionettes (1869) ; Soldiers nursed;

Spain, where she resided for several years by Peasants (1872) The Snow-Bear (1873); ;

and was raised to the rank of first lady in Little Musician Engineer, Good Little Girl ;

waiting to the Infanta Clara Eugenia, she (1885). Other pictures at Berne, Bayonne,
painted portraits no longer extant of mem- Auran, and Lille. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii.
bers of the royal family, and stood high in 72 Miiller, 14. ;

favor with Philip II., who made her splen- ANNA, BALDASSARE D', end of six-'
did presents and assigned her a considerable teenth and of seventeenth cen- beginning
pension on the occasion of her marriage and tury ;
of Flemish descent, but probably

44
 ANNE
born in Venice about 1560, died after 1G39. wood, H. 5 ft 4 in. x 6 ft, 3in. The
Virgin,
Venetian school pupil of Leonardo Corona,
;
standing in an arched hall, receives the mes-
several of whose pictures he finished after who
sage from the angel kneels ; above, tho
his master's death in 1G05. His original Holy Ghost descending in niches at sides, ;

works surpass those of Corona in softness of SS. Sebastian and Ottilia. Painted in
execution, but are inferior in design. His 1513 (?). Bought in Florence in 1832 by
Annunciation of the Virgin over the high King Ludwig I. A fine picture, but much
altar of S. M. Maddalena
in the island of repainted. Meyer, Kdnst Lex., i. 222 ; C.
Zucca, and a large picture in S. M. Formosa C., Italy, iii. 490. &
at Venice are two of his best works. Meyer, By Fra Anyelico, Mus. di S. Marco,
Kdnst. Lex., ii. 75 ; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., is.
!
Florence ;
fresco ;
others in Gesti, Cortoua ;

36, xiii. 20, 43. S. Alessiuulro, Madrid Museum.

Brescia ;

ANNE PAGE AND SLENDER, Sir A. W. By Fra Bartotammeo, Louvre wood, H. ;

Kensington Museum canvas, H. 1

Calli-oll, S. ft. 2 in. x 2 ft. 6 in.
;
signed, dated 1515.
:
;

ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. 4 in. Anno inviting Slender The Virgin, with a book in her hand, en-
to enter the house in background, Simple. throned in a niche, looking at
;
Angel Ga-
(Merry Wives of Windsor, Act i., Scene i.) briel who appears in the air bearing a lily in .

Painters of Georgian Era, 74. his hand at sides, stand SS. John Baptist, ;

ANNUNCIACA.O, THOMAZ JOSE D', Paul, Jerome, and Francis, while SS. Mar-
bom at Ajuda, near Lisbon, in 1821, died garet and Mary Magdalen kneel Painted
in Lisbon, April 3, 1879. Animal painter of for the Dominicans of Florence belonged ;
j

great repute in Portugal and Spain ; di- to collection of Francis L Landou, Mus<k>,
j

rector of Lisbon Academy, in whose gallery [xiL PI. 37; Marietta, Abecedario, ii. 76;
as well as in those of the palaces D'Ajuda Villot, Cat Louvre.
and Das Necessidades, his principal works By Lodovico Carracci, Louvre ; canvas,
are to be seen. Others are in England, H. 1 ft 8 in. X 1 ft 1 in. The Virgin,
Brazil, and the United States. Works kneeling, receives tho announcement from
:

Oxen Treading out Corn, View on the Tagus, Gabriel, who, kneeling upon clouds, points
View of the Penha de Franca, View of upward where the opening heavens disclose ;

Amora, Shepherd's Rest (1852), Galena Na- a choir of angels and cherubim. Collection I

cioual, Lisbon. Chronique des Arts (1879) of Louis XTV. Villot, Cat Louvre London,
f
;

120. Musce, xiv. PL 63.

ANNUNCIATION (Fr. Aunonciation, Ital. By Carlo Crieelli, National Gallery, Lon-
Anminziazionc, Sp. Anunciacion, Ger. Ver- don wood, tempera, H. 6 ft 10 in. X 4 ft 10 ;

kiludigung), the announcement by the in.; signed, dated 1486. An elegant house
Angel Gabriel to the Virgin of the Concep- and interior court the Virgin below in her ;

tion of Christ (Luke i. 26-31). Sometimes chamber, kneeling, the Dove hovering over
called the Salutation (Fr. Salutation ange- her head, which is illumined by a golden

lique). ray from a glory above opposite, in the ;

By Mariotto Albertindli, Florence Academy; open tho angel kneeling, with St court,
canvas, signed, dated 1510. Below, Gabriel Emidius, patron of Ascoli, at his side, pre-

making the announcement to the Virgin ; senting a model of the city. Presented, 1864,

above, God the Father in a glory of angels. by Mr. Labouchere acquired by

him from ;

Painted for the Compagnia di S. Zanobi, Lolly Collection; previously in Convent of

whence to Much SS. Aununziata, Ascoli. Richter, ItaL Art

Florence, passed Academy.
repainted. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 223 ;
C. & in Nat GaL, 83 Cat Nat GoL ;

C., Italy, iii. 487. By Guido Reni, Louvre canvas, H. ;

10

Mariotto Munich Gallery ft. 6 in. x 7 ft 3 in. The Virgin kneeling

By Alberlinnlli, ;
 ANNUNCIATION
with hands clasped ; Archangel Ga- kneeling on right knee, pointing with left
at left,

briel, borne on a cloud above, the Holy hand to the Dove above, cherubs and heads.
; ;

in Seville in 1729 Isabel

Spirit descending, surrounded by a choir of Bought by Philip V. ;

angels. Landon, Musee, v. PI. 53 ; Filhol, Farnese Collection. Lithographed by M.

xi. PI. 32. Lavigne F. Decraene. Repetition of smaller
;

By Murillo, Hospital of La
Caridad, Se- dimensions in Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

ville ; canvas, H
5 ft. 6
in. x 4 ft. 2 in. lithographed by Huot. Curtis, 145 ; Mad-
The Virgin, on left, kneeliug beside a desk, razo, 474.
in front of which is a basket containing linen By Murillo, Madrid Museum canvas, H. 6 ;

ft. x 7The Virgin

ft. 4 in.

kneeling at right beside a

desk angel at left kneel-
;

ing on left knee, pointing

to Dove with right hand
and holding lilies in left ;

between them a basket of

linen and a chair on each ;

side, a column above, ;

cherubs and heads. Col-

lection of Charles ffl. ;
for-

merly in Academy of S. Fer-

nando. Lithographed by
A. Guglielmi. Curtis, 145;
Madrazo, 4C8.
By Murillo, Seville Mu-
seum ; canvas, arched, H.
10 ft, 6 in. x 7 ft. 2 in.
The Virgin, on left, kneel-
ing before a desk, looking
up at angel who kneels on
clouds, holding lilies in left
hand and pointing with
right to the Dove ; above,
cherubs and heads ;
centre
foreground, a basket of lin-
en. Painted about 1C76
Annunciation, by Fra Bartolommeo, Louvre. for the Capuchin Church,
and scissors ;
on the angel, in red Seville placed in Museum in 1840.
right, Repe-
;

robes, holding lilies in left hand, kneels on tition Philip W. S. Miles, King's AVeston,
:

right knee, pointing to Dove ; above, cherubs Gloucestershire, England. Curtis, 144.
and heads. Painted for Hospital about 1674. By Murillo, Sir Richard Wallace, Bart.,
Repetition in Amsterdam Museum, formerly London canvas, H. 5 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. 3;

attributed to Rubens. Curtis, 144 in. The Virgin kneeling on left, her left
By Murillo, Madrid Museum canvas, H. 4 arm on a desk on right, the angel, kneel-
; ;

ft. 1 in. x 3 ft. 4 in. The Virgin kneeling at ing on clouds, holding lilies in left hand
right, her left arm resting on desk, on which and pointing with right to Dove above, five ;

is a book and vase of lilies, and in front of cherubs. Sale of M.

Rayneval, formerly
which is a basket of linen ;
at left, the angel, French Ambassador to Madrid, in 1838 for
 ANNUNCIATION-
IS, 000 fr. ;
MarquisAguado sale (1843), to brother, supposed to bo Filippo Benizi,
of Hertford, 27,000 Engraved by A, fr. founder of the order
in background, a
;

Lefevre, J. Rogers, W. Hulland (varied) ;

building. Painted about 1512 for the ab-
lithographed by Andre, Lafosse, Blummer. bey of San Godenzo bought by Carlo do"
;

Curtis, 145 Medici, who put in its place a copy, now in

; Waagen, ii. 153. ,

By Andrea Previtali, S. M. del Mesco, the Casa Visani at San Oodenzo. Much re- '

Ceneda wood, H. 8 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft 6 in.; painted. Engraved by Rosini. Vasari, ed.
;
'

signed. The Virgin, at a

desk in a room, bends hum-
bly towards the angel kneel-
ing with a lily in his hand ;

through window is seen a

cock attacked by a wolf. Ri-
dolfi says that Titian ad-
mired this picture, and fre-

quently stopped on his way

to Cadore to see it. C. &
C., N. Italy, L; Ridolfi, Mara-
viglie, i. 184.

By Andrea del Sarto, Pa-

lazzo Pitti, Florence wood, ;

H. 5 ft. 11 in. x5 ft. 6 in.

The Virgin, standing before
a reading desk, receives the
announcement from Gabriel
holding a lily and kneeling
on a cloud ;
in back-ground
a building with an open por-
tico, under which are three

figures ; at the base, steps,

on one of which sits a nude
youth in the distance ruins
;

and mountains, and in the

air the Holy Ghost in form
of a dove. Painted in 1512
for Convent of the Osser-
vanti outside the Porta San
Gallo transferred on its de-
;

molition in 1529 to S. Jacopo

tra' Fossi ; placed in Pitti in
Annunciation, Lodovico Carried, Louvit.
162G. Engraved by Rossi.
C.C., Italy, iii. 553 ; Vasari, ed. Mil, Mil., v. 17 ; C. & C., Italy, iii. 578; Gal du
&
v. Gal. du'Pal. Pitti, i. PL 113.
17 ; Pal. Pitti, iv. PI. 113.
" A dis-
By Andrea del Sarto, Palazzo Pitti, Flor- By Tintoretto, S. Rocco, Venice.
ence canvas, H. 5 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. G in. The agreeable and dead picture, having all the
;

Virgin receives the announcement from faults of the age, and none of the merits of
Gabriel in presence of the Archangel Mi- the painter." Ruskiu, Stones of Venice, iii. !

chael, with sword and scales, and a Servite 322.

 AXSALDO
By Tintoretto, Carlo Crivelli, Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort;
Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice ;

canvas. "The most remarkable

Antonio and Pietro Pollajuolo, Berlin Mu-
feature is

the troop of cherubim flying through the seum Eogier van der Weyden, Antwerp ;

roof." Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 326. Museum Garofalo, Uffizi Pinturicchio, S. ; ;

By Titian, S. Niccolo, Treviso wood, M. Maggiore, Spello Correggio, Annun- ; ;

figures of life size. The Virgin, half-stoop- ziata, Parma (fresco, lately removed) Gior- ;

ing, half-kneeling, listens tremulously to the gio Vasari, Louvre Le ; Sueur, Louvre ;

announcement of Gabriel, who, with out- Charles Jalabert (1852).

stretched wings and carrying the lily ofj ANSALDO, ANDREA or GIOVANNI
purity, points upwards with his forefinger ; ,

ANDREA, born at Voltri in 1584, died in

scene, the portico of a palace, with a 20, 1638. Genoese school moun- Genoa, Aug. ;

tainous landscape beyond in the back- pupil of Orazio di Luca Cambiaso and stu-
;

ground the donor, Canon Malchiostro, dent of Paolo Veronese, among whose fol-
kneeling. Painted in 1519 for S. Niccolo. lowers he is generally classed painted nu- ;

Injured by splits, cleaning, and repainting. merous frescos in churches in Genoa, Voltri, ,

C. & C., Titian, i. Burckhardt, 719. Tortona, and Sarzano, and in palaces in
222 ;

By Titian, S. Salvatore, Venice canvas, Genoa. Chief work, the cupola of 1'Annuu-
;

figures life size ; signed. The Virgin, kneel- ziata del Guastato. His best picture in oil
ing, looks around at winged angel above, is a Deposition from the Cross, Academy, ;

four angels and many cherubs flutter above Genoa. Lanzi, iii. 269 Ch. Blanc, iScole ;

the Dove, rays from which are darting to- genoise Soprani, 141 Baldinucci, xi. 479 ; ; ;

wards Mary's head. Painted about 1565. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 80.
Engraved by C. Cort. Vasari, ed. Mil, vii. ANSANO or SANO DI PIETRO DI
449 ; C. & C., Titian, ii. 353
or DOMENICO, born in Siena,
; Burckhardt, MENCIO
722. 1405, died in 1481. Sienese school Nov. (?), ;

By Titian, Scuola di San Rocco, Venice pupil of Stefano di Giovanni (II Sassetta), ;

canvas, figures life size. The Virgin kneels who, dying in 1460, while painting a fresco
at her desk near a pillar ; angel to the left, of the Coronation of the
Virgin over the
with the lily in one hand, points with the Roman Gate of the city, left it to be finished
other to the Dove descending. Painted by Sano. Sano has been called the Sienese
about 1525 bequeathed in 1555 by Amelio Angelico from the sweetness and depth of
;

Cortona to brotherhood of S. Rocco. C. & his religious feeling, but his types are alto-
C., Italy, i. 304 Burckhardt, 717. ; gether different, his forms rounder, and his
Subject treated also by Niccolo Alunno, feeling less spiritual. The faces of his Ma-
Perugia Gallery, Bologna Gallery; Fran- donnas 'and Saints are lit up by round-
cesco Albani (2), Louvre Annibale Car- shaped, placid eyes of a gentle and almost
;

racci, Bologna Gallery Francesco Francia, pathetic expression. Tender in colour, and
;

Bologna Gallery, Galleria Estense, Modena, most careful in execution, Sano had little
Brera, Milan Dosso Dossi, Ferrara Gallery
;
; feeling for light and shade. He is most
Lorenzo di Credi, Louvre, Uffizi Simone ; agreeable in his miniatures where the figures
di Martino, Uffizi Timoteo Viti, Brera, ; are small and their defects in drawing less
Milan Federigo Barocci, Vatican
; Am- ; observable than in his panels, of which the
brogio Lorenzetti, Siena Academy Filippo Siena Academy contains many examples.;

Lippi, Palazzo Doria, Rome, Naples Mu- Among these are a Virgin and "Saints (1444),
seum Munich Gallery, National Gallery, and an Ascension of the
;
Virgin (1479). His
London ; Petrus Cristus, Madrid Museum, fresco of the Coronation of the
Virgin (1445),
Berlin Museum Agnolo Gaddi, Louvre, in the and Madonna
;
Municipal Palace, Siena,
Uffizi ; Taddeo Bartoli, Siena Academy ;
and Saints in a chapel of the Osservanza,
 ANSCHtTZ
are the most important of his larger works Death (1843) Mary Queen of Scots return- ;

in his native city. Many other pictures in ing from the Chase (1844) Fight for the ;

European galleries. His skill as a miniatur- Standard (1848) Mules Drinking Seville, ;

ist is shown in an Antiphonary, a Breviary, Ploughing Seville, The Water Carrier

and a Psaltery in the so-called Library of (1857) Spanish Shepherd (1858) Sheep- ; ;

the Cathedral at Siena. Vasari, ed. Le Washing in Glen Lyon (1859) Lost Shep- ;

Mon., vi. 183 ; Rio, i. 114 ; Milanesi, Siena, herd, Buy a Dog Ma'am (1860); Hunted Slave
170. (1861); Going to the Festa at Granada
ANSCHUTZ, HERMANN, born in Cob- (1863); Highland Spate (1864); Poacher at
leutz, Oct. 12, 1802, died in Munich, Aug. Bay, Treading out the Corn (1865); Feeding
30, 1880. History painter; pupil of the the Goats in the Alhambra (1871) West ;

Dresden Academy, in 1820, under Hart- Highlands (1872); Gathering the Herd, The
maim and Muthiii, and from 1822 in Ddssel- Tethered Yowe (1873) Anxious Mother;

dorf of Cornelius, who called him to Munich (1875) Wandering Minstrel (1876) Home ; ;

in 18*26, with Eberle and Kaulbach, to paint of the Red Deer (1877) Stray Lamb, On ;

the ceiling- frescos in the Odeon. In 1830- Guard (1879); Farm of the Allminbra, Lucky
31 he studied antique wall-painting in Pom- Dogs, Morning Rehearsal (1881) Return- ;

peii, executed decorative works in Munich, ing from Fair at Seville, Vega
of Granada
and then devoted himself to painting relig- (1882) Water Carriers of the Alhambra, ;

ious subjects in In 1874 lie was ap- Hunting the Boar (1883).
oil. Meynell, 218;
pointed professor at the Munich Academy. Art Journal (1860), 233 Sandby, ii. 346 ; ;

Works Fresco paintings in the Odeon, Mu- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 82.
:

nich (1827) Large altarpiece (1857), Cob-

; ANSELMI, MICHELANGELO, born in
lentz Resurrection, Assumption (1861).
;
Lucca in 1491, died in Parma after 1554.
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 82 Kunst-Chronik, Lombard school called sometimes Michel-
; ;

xvi. 8. angelo "da Lucca," and oftener "da Siena."

ANSCHUTZ, THOMAS P., born in Ken- Pupil in Lucca of II Sodoma, and afterwards

tucky, in 1851. Subject painter pupil of at Parma a disciple and imitator of Cor-
;

Thomas Eakins and of Pennsylvania Acad- reggio. In 1522, when Correggio was en-
emy. At present assistant professor of gaged to paint the cupola and the tribune
painting and drawing at the Pennsylvania of the Cathedral of Parma, Anselmi was se-
Academy in Philadelphia. Iron- lected, with Rondani and Parmigianino, to
Works :

worker's Noon-time (T. B. New decorate the chapels, but the work was not
Clarke,
York) ;
The Way they Live, Farmer's Wife begun until 1548. He painted at Parma fres-
(1880). cos still extant, in the church and cloister of
ANSDELL, RICHARD, born in Liver- S. Gio. Evangelista, before 1522. Also two
pool in 1815, died in April, 1885. Genre altarpieces in the Duomo, Parma, one dated
and animal painter self-taught, exhibited 1526 March to Calvary and Holy Family
; ;

firstat Royal Academy in 1840 ;

removed in Academy,
to London in 1847 ;
visited Spain in 1856 Parma ;
Ma-
and 1857 ;
elected an A. RA. in 1861 and donna and
R A. Pictures of animals painted S:iints, Lou-
in 1870.
between 1843 and 1850 show Landseer's in- vre; Corona- |

fluence in 1850-60 painted chiefly domestic tion of the Virgin (fresco), in Madonna della
;

animals in association with Creswick, who Steccata, Parma. Lanzi, ii. 399 Ch. Blanc, ;

lombarde 86.
added the landscape backgrounds. Medal, ficole ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii.

Paris, 3d class, 1855. Works Death of Sir : ANSIAUX, JEAN JOSEPH ELfiONORE
W. Lambton at Marstoii Moor (1842) ;
The ANTOINE, born in Liege, in 1764, died
 ANSUINO
in Paris Oct. 20, 1840. History painter landscape painter (died 1859) studied in
;
;

studied at Antwerp and in Paris with F. A. Paris from

1834 to 1840, when his first
i

was exhibited at the British Insti-

Vincent he attained distinction through his picture
;

of treat- tute. Influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite

pleasing talent and a certain skill 1

medals and the L. of school. Works Lake of Killarney (1845), :

ment received several
Honour Kleber in the Battle of bought by Prince Albert
Works :
Sunday Morn-
i
;

Leda (1801);; ing Harvest Home Elm at

Heliopolis (1799); Sappho and (1846), (1847),
Bridal (1851), Monarch
Angelica and Medor (1810) Assumption Eve ;
j
(1850), Village
Resurrection (1812) Conversion of Oak (1852), Stratford on Avon (1853), Stone-
(1812) ;
; |

St. Paul (1814), Liege Cathedral Richelieu henge (1859), Hesperus (1860), Relic of Feu-
;

Poussin to Louis XIII. (1817), dal Time (1863), Rest for the Weary (1865),
introducing ,

Bordeaux "Museum Rinaldo and Armida Lerida Spain (1869), Night and Storm
; j

of (1871), Hazlewick Mill Sussex (1872), Even-

(1817); Education of Cupid, Judgment
Return of the song (1873), Incident by the Wayside (1878),
Paris, Diana's Nymph (1819),
Prodigal Son (1819), Town Hall, Liege St. Trawlers Morning (1883).
; Meyer, Kunst.
Paul at Athens, St. JCtienne, Paris Scourg- Lex., ii. 101. ;

ing of Christ, Metz Cathedral; Resurrection, ANTHONY, ST., TEMPTATION OF,

Arras Cathedral Pieter Brueghel, the younger, Dresden
. ;

Adoration of the Gallery copper, H. 11 in. X 1 ft. 3 in. !

; ;

Magi, Mans Ca- signed, dated 1604. The Saint praying in

thedral ;
Erection his cell at left, is tempted by a beautiful
of the Cross, Angers Cathedral St. John young woman, richly habited, who is ac-
;

censuring Herodes, Finding of Moses, Lille companied by

numerous demons at right, ;

Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 90. a rocky country, with buildings in back-
ANSUINO or ANSOVINO DA FORLI, ground. Reveil, xii. 837.
Paduan school (1443-1460). Pupil of Squar- By Lucas van Lei/den, Dresden Gallery ;

cione, co-labourer with Mantegna in the dec- wood, round, diam. 9 in. St. Anthony retired
oration of the Eremitani, and with Pizzolo apart to pray, is tempted by the Demon in |

and Fra Filippo in the chapel of the Podesta the form of a young and pretty woman, '

in the Santo. The Adoration of St. Christo- richly dressed, holding in her hands a scep- f

pher in the Eremitani is his work. In it tre and a casket, indicative of power and I

Paduan art begins to present the character wealth. Reveil, xii. 844.
afterwards known as Mantegnesque, without By David Teniers, younger, Berlin Muse-
showing much progress in the blending of um; canvas, H. 2 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 10 in. signed, '
;

light and shade, or feeling in the production dated 1647. The Saint
kneels in anxiety be-
of tone. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 312 Meyer, fore a stone altar, the corners of which are
;

Kiinst. Lex., ii. 91. shooting out into heads of monstrous beasts ;

ANTENORIDES or ANTORIDES, paint- beside him stands an old hag who is placing
er, mentioned as pupil of Aristides. Pliny, before him a Brabant beauty, offering a
xxxv. [111]. goblet of wine around him are imps in ;

ANTHONISSEN, H. (Hendrik?) VAN, many forms, twitching at his garments and

flourished middle of 17th century. Dutch performing all manner of mad tricks, sing-
school marine painter in style of J. van ing, shouting, and screaming; and the air
;

Goyen and Jan Parcellis. Works in Her- is filled with flying demons and reptiles.
mitage, St. Petersburg and Prague Gallery.
Kugler (Crowe), 326 Smith, ix. 408. ;

ANTHONY, MARK, born at Manches-

By David Teniers, younger, Louvre, Paris ;

ter, England, in 1817. Landscape painter wood, H. 2 ft. x 1 ft. 8 in. The Saint kneel- ;

pupil of his uncle, George W. Anthony, ing in a grotto before a book placed against

50
 ANTHONY
a skull on a rock, beside a crucifix and on ft. 2 in. St. Anthony enthroned on
hour-glass ; around him, demons in many with alabaster panels at sides. SS. Corne- ;

forms. Collection of Louis XV1IL Villiot, lius and Cyprian in front, a page kneeling ;

Cat. Louvre. holding a large volume. From S. Antonio.

By David Tenierx, younger. Examples in island of Torcello, near Venice. Eastlake,
Amsterdam, Dresden, Vienna, and Madrid Brera, 82 Ridolfi, Marav., ii. 52. ;

Galleries, and in private collections. ANTHONY THE ABBOT AND PAUL

By Tintoretto, S. Trovaso (SS. Gcrvasio e THE HERMIT, Velagqun, Madrid Museum ;

Protasio), Venice ; canvas. The Saint sur- canvas, H. 8 ft 4 in. x G ft St. Anthony in
rounded by a demon, trying to pull off his white and St. Paul in brown robe, seated
mantle, and three female figures the one before a grotto, thanking Heaven for food
;

Tmpttion o St. Anthony. Piter Bru.fh.l, th young.r. Otdn GMry.

on the left, representing avarice, a bright- brought

them by a raven at left, two lions ;

Venetian has one hand in a' making a grave, while St. Anthony is pray-
eyed beauty,
vase of coins, while she shakes golden ing over dead body of St. Paul
Painted in
;

1659 of S. Antonio at Buen

chains with the other the one on the other
;
for Hermitage
of the Retiro. sketch sold for 25 at
side, a type of the lusts flesh, ap- Original
to have been baffled for the time the King Louis Philippe sale. Madrazo, 595 ;

pears ;

recumbent one may possibly mean indo- Curtis, 8.

lence. A picture of careful finish and noble ANTHONY OF PADUA, ST., GLORY
S. M. delle Grazie, Brescia; can-
workmanship. Engraved by Agos. Carracci OF, Morel to,
Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 360 vas, life;
size. St Anthony of Padua with
(1582).
Bartsch, xviii. 69. the palm, seated high up in a large niche,
ANTHONY THE ABBOT, ST., Paolo beneath which stand SS. Nicholas of Tolen-
the latter with
Veronese, Brera, Milan canvas, H. 9 ft x 6 tiuo and Anthony the Abbot,
;

81
 ANTHONY
the staff and bell. Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 345; cherubs in a glory, and two others on
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 405 ; Burckhardt, 736. ground at left ; background, hilly landscape.
ANTHONY OF PADUA, AND
IN- Probably picture taken by Soult in 1810,
ST.,
FANT JESUS, Murillo, Baptistery of the with aid of a troop of infantry, from Convent
Cathedral, Seville canvas, H. 18 ft. x 10 of S. Pedro de Alcantara, Seville bought in
;
;

ft. 11 in. The Saviour, attended by cher- Paris in 1835. Engraved by A. H. Payne ;

ubs and descends in a glory to visit lithographed by Locillot de Mars centre

angels, ;

the Saint, who, kneeling in his cell, wel- only engraved by Caspar, Schultz, and L.
comes him with outstretched arms; on a de Mars. Study in bistre, J. C. Robinson,
table, an open book and vase of lilies at London. Eepetitions, with changes Dud-
;
:

left, cloisters seen through an open

door. ley House, London Henry Hucks Gibbs, ;

Murillo's largest painting and the first no- London Muuro sale (1878), 2,362 (Earl ;

ticed in any printed book. Painted in 1656 of Rosebery?). Curtis, 212;

Cean Berniu- ;

in November, 1873, the picture was muti- dez, ii. 58 G. de Leon, ii. 198. ;

lated by thieves, who cut out the figure of By Murillo, Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

St. Anthony; the stolen part, much damaged, canvas, H. 8 ft 2 in. x 5 ft. 6 in. The
was offered in New York, Jan. 1875, to Saint, full length, kneeling, encloses in his
2,

William Schaus, the picture-dealer, who arms, without touching, the Infant Jesus,
bought it for $250 and returned it to who stands on the open book of the Gos-
the Spanish consul, and it was reinstated in pels placed on a rock, his right hand in
its old place with much ceremony, October benediction, his left in St. Anthony's right ;

30, 1875, after skilful restoration by Seiior above, five cherubs. Belonged to M. Laneu-
Cubells. Lithographed by Aug. Lemoine. ville purchased in 1852 for 30,000 fr. ;

210
Curtis, C. Boutelont, Estudio de Curtis, 214
;
Cat. Hermitage, 130. ;

S. Antonio de Murillo (Seville, 1875) A. de By Murillo, Seville Museum canvas, H.

; ;

Latour, Comment un tableau de Murillo fut 6 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. The Saint, three-cjuar-
vole (Sceaux, 1878); Gaz. des B. Arts, Feb., ters length, with lilies in right hand, kneel-
1875; Graphic (London), June 30, 1875; ing and embracing the Infant Saviour,
Harper's Weekly, Feb. 20, 1875. who stands on an open book, with his
By Murillo, Berlin Museum canvas, H. right hand on the Saint's head.
;
Painted
5 ft, 5 in. x 6 ft. 6 in. The Saint, kneel- about 1676 for Capuchin Convent, Seville ;

placed in Museum in 1840. Repetition :

Condesa de la Mejorada, Seville. Curtis,

212.
By Murillo, Seville Museum ; canvas,
H. 9 ft. 5 in. x 6 ft. 3 in. The Saint,
full length, kneeling, with lilies in right
hand, embraces with left the Infant Sav-
iour, who, seated on an open book, places
his right hand on the Saint's head above, ;

four cherubs. Painted about 1676 for Ca-

puchin Convent, Seville placed in Museum ;

in 1840. Probably finest of Murillo's pic-

tures of the subject. Curtis, 211 Robin- ;

son, Great Painters (London, 1877) wrongly

St. Anthony of Padua, and Infant Jesus, Murillo, Berlin Museum.
called St. Francis.

ing, presses his cheek to that of Infant By Elisabetta Sirani, Bologna Gallery ;

Jesus, whom he holds in his arms ; five canvas, H. 6 ft. 4 in. x 5 ft. 4 in. The In-
 ANTIDOTUS
fant Jesus nude upon a richly
standing, , ANTIGNA, JEAN PIERRE ALEXAN-
draped ou which
altar, are burning candles, DRE, born in Orlt'ans, France, March 7,
lilies, and an open book, is embraced by St. 1818, died March 8, 1878. Religious and
of Paul Delaroche.
Anthony, who kneels on a stool before it ; genre painter ; pupil
above, cherubs' heads in clouds, and, at
Medals in 1847-48-51-55 ; Legion of Hon-
right, an angel, with wings
extended and our, 1861. Works : Birth of Christ (1841) ;

hands raised. Formerly in S. Leonardo, Vision of Jacob (1842) Temptation of St. ;

Anthony (1843) Women Bathing (1845) ; ;

Storm (184C), Avignon Museum ; Conflagra-

tion (1850) Inundation of the Loire (1852),
;

Luxembourg Museum ; Children Dancing

(1853) The Emperor
; visitingthe Slate
Workers of Angers during the Inundation
of 1856 (1857), Angers Museum ; Scene of
the Civil War, Steep Decline, Noon-day
Sleep (1859) The Mirror in the Woods,
;

Episode of War in La Vendee (1864), Bor-

deaux Museum Rising Sea, After the Tem-
;

pest (1874) Yvonne and Marc, Two Voices

;

(1875); Women and the Secret (1876);

Game of Strength, Fire of the Fete of St.
John (1877) L'Enfer (1878).
;
Larousse ;

Meyer, Kflnst Lex., ii. 103.

ANTIOCHUS, GABINIUS, pupil of Sopo-
lis, who referred to by Cicero (Ad. Att, iv.
is

16) in connection with a lawsuit of 53 B.C.

Brunn, ii. 305.
ANTIOPE, Gorreggio, Louvre wood, ;

transferred to canvas, H. 6 ft 1 in. x 4 ft

I
A nymph, nude, asleep on blue drapery
spread on the ground in a thicket, with
Cupid sleeping on a lion's skin at her feet;
St. Anthony of Padua, and Infant Jesui, Eliubetta Sirani, Bologna near her head a satyr (Jupiter?) holding up
Galltry.
the garment he has lifted from her form.
"
Bologna. Engraved by G. Mitelli G. Ros- Formerly called Venus, a sleeping Cupid,
;

aspiua. Pinac. di Bologna, PL 37. and a Satyr." A masterpiece. Painted

ANTIDOTUS, pupil of Euphranor and about 1521 (?) in Gonzaga Collection, ;

master of Niciax, about 350-330 B.C. Be- Mantua, in 1627 ; Collection of Charles L
longed to the Theban-Attic school, so called of England in 1630, when valued at 1,000 ;

because originated in Thebes and was sold to Jabach, and passed to Cardinal
it

transferred, after the decadence of that city, Mazarin and Louis XIV. Engraved by
first to Corinth and then to Athens,
always Godefroy, Basan, Queverdo, Chataigner,
:

preserving its original traditions. His works, Massard, Blanchard. Meyer, Correggio,
|

among which were a Warrior, a \Vrcstler,and 337, 491 Kiinst. Lex., L 437 Musee fran- ; ;

a Trumpeter, were severe in style and elabo- 9ais, i.; Landon, (Euvres, viii. PL 61 ;
rate in treatment. Pliny is the only an- Musi'e, iv. PI. 1 ; Filhol, vi. PI. 415.
cient writer who mentions him. Pliny, ANTIPHILUS, pupil of C'teaidemus, latter
xxxv. 40 [130J ; Brunn, ii. 193. half of fourth century B.C. Born in Egypt
53
 ANTOLINEZ
but went early to the court of Philip of the most eminent painters of his age.
Macedon. The latter part of his life was Pliny, xxxv. 37 [114], 40 [138J Brunn, ii ;

spent at the court of Ptolemy Soter, who 247.

is said to have had him sold into slavery ANTOLINEZ, Don JOSE, born in Seville
for falsely accusing Apelles. Among his in 1639, died in Madrid in 1676. Spanish
works were a portrait of the young Alexan- school ; pupil of Francisco Rizi became a ;

der ; a group of Athena, Philip, and Alexan- good colourist, his best works being land-
der ; a Dionysus ;
an Hippolytus alarmed at scapes with small Works Magda-
figures. :

len,Madrid Museum St. An- ;

thony of Padua, Academia S.

Fernando, Madrid Concep- ;

tion, Madonna in Glory, Mu-

seo Fomento, ib.; St. Jerome
in a Cavern, Munich Gallery.

Stirling, iii. 1106 Viardot, ;

211 ; Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii.

115 ; Madrazo, 345.

ANTOLINEZ Y SARABIA,
Don FRANCISCO, born in
Seville in 1644, died in Ma-
drid in 1700.Spanish school ;

nephew of Joso Antolinez ;

studied law at first, but en-
tered school of Murillo and
became an amateur of consid-
erable skill, painting especial-
ly small religious subjects,
sometimes on copper. Went
in 1672 to Madrid, obtained a

provincial judgeship, but did

not hold it long, and returned
to Seville and painted secretly
while practising as an advo-
cate. Works :
Nativity, Seville
Cathedral ;
St. Joseph and In-
fant Jesus, St. Joseph Dream-
ing, Due de Montpensier, San
Telmo ; Purification of Virgin,
Antiope, Correggio, Louvre.
Adoration, Flight into Egypt,
the bull a Cadmus and Europa, preserved Annunciation, Marriage of Virgin, Museo
;

in the Curia of Pompey, Rome a

Satyr with Nacional, Madrid.
; Stirling, iii. 1108 Viar- ;

a panther's skin, shielding his eyes from dot, 212 Ch. Blanc, licole espagnole Mey-
; ;

beams of light coming from a fixed point er, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 115 Curtis, 342.
; ;

and a boy blowing the fire with his breath. ANTON VON WORMS. See Woensam.
Though he had great fertility of invention ANTONELLO DA MESSINA, born in
and skill in managing the effect of light, Messina about 1444, died in Venice about
Pliny places him in the second rank of ar- 1493. Neapolitan school said to have been ;

tists but Quiutiliau mentions him among a pupil of Colantonio del Fiore, but this
;

54
 ANTONELLO
is doubtful.Probably first instructed in first in which the flesh tints are clear
Sicily, where he worked for several years like those of Gio. Bellini, instead of be-
;

went to Naples and saw an oil picture ing of the reddish hue common to the
painted by Jan Van Eyck in the possession of Flemish school. The much restored St.
j

King Alphonso of Aragon. Struck with the Sebastian, Stiidel Institute, Frankfort, be-
superiority of the new method he went to longs to the same late Venetian period
Bruges to study it, and in 14G5 returned to of Antonello's career, as do the Madonna
introduce it into Italy. After remaining at (?) and the St Sebastian, Berlin Gal-
Messina for about seven years, he went to .

lery. There seems to be no doubt that

Venice (1473) where he remained the rest this remarkable painter adopted and taught
the Flemish system of painting, which grad-
'

of his life. That he there met Donienico

Veneziano and taught him how to paint ually spread over Italy and raised oil to a
with an oil medium is doubtful, if not im- level with fresco painting, and that through

possible, as that artist died in 1461 at Flor- his manner and mode of representation he
j

ence, and as neither he nor any other Ve- (

had great influence upon the technical
netian artist until long after 1465 painted development of Italian Art. As a portrait-
otherwise than in tempera. It is also well painter he was tacitly admitted by his con-
to say that while we have no positive evi- temporaries to be the originator of the
dence that Autonello went to Flanders, it j
models improved in subsequent years by the
was not necessary for him to do so in order higher genius of Bellini, Giorgione, and Ti-
to learn the Van Eyck method, for not only *
were Flemish pictures brought into Italy, ANTONEILVSMESSANE?IS*P*
but several distinguished scholars and fol- tian. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 118 Eastlake, ;

lowers of Van Eyck, such as Roger van der Materials, 192 Lermolieff, 416
;
C. & C., ;

Weyden, Memling, Hugo van der Goes, and N. Italy, ii. 77 Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 563, 575
; ;

Justus of Ghent worked in Italy about the Gaz. des Beaux Arts (1862), 12 Ch. Blanc, ;

middle of the fourteenth century. That cole napolitaine Liibke, Gesch. itnl. Mai.,
;

Antonello was acquainted with the oil i. 558.

method, and influenced by the Flemish ANTONELLO DA PALERMO, of Paler-
school, evident in his earliest extant work mo, beginning of sixteenth century.
is Nea-
(1465), The Saviour, National Gallery, Lon-' politan school son of the painter;
Antonio
don, as in a bust picture of the same sub- Crescenzio. In 1527 he was assistant to the
ject (1470), in the Gaetano Zir Collection, sculptor Gazino, and in 1537 and 1538 he
Naples. A progress in technic is visible made copies of Raphael's Spasimo, now pre-
over these pictures in an altarpiece (1472) served in the Monastery of Fazello near Sci-
at S. Gregorio, Messina, which shows the acca and in the Church of the Carmelites in
same Flemish influence in drapery and use Palermo. The only composition by which
of gold. After 1473, when Antonello went we can judge him is a Madonna dated 1528
to Venice, he painted three small portraits, in La Gangia of Palermo. It is of an at-
one of which is lost, one was lately disposed tractive design and carefully finished, but
of at the Hamilton sale, and one (1475) is faulty in execution. C. & C., N. Italy, ii.
in the Louvre, Piiris, where it shines as a 116 Di Marzo, Belle Arti in Sicilia, iii.
;

masterpiece of truth to life, intensity of ex- 157 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 128.
;

pression, and exquisite finish. The small ANTONELLO DE SALIBA, of Messina,

Crucifixion, Antwerp Museum, belongs to end of fifteenth and beginning of sixteenth
the same year. The portrait of a young century either born in Messina or early
;

man in the Berlin Museum (1478) is one of settled there. Neapolitan school formerly ;

the finest of Autonello's pictures, and the held to be identical with Autouello da Mes
 ANTONINUS
sina, but now recognized as an independent Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., ii. 158 ;
Kunstblatt
artist. The earliest work bearing his signa- (Stuttgart, 1825), 230.
ture is a Madonna in S. M. del Gesu, near ANTONIO DALLA CORNA, of Cremona,
Catania, dated 1497. His drawing is care- latter half of fifteenth century. Lombard
ful and accurate but hard, his style is school. The only picture which bears his
marked by timidity of chiaroscuro and mo- name is dated 1478, and is in the Bignami
notony of flesh-tint, and his use of gold collection at Casal Maggiore. In this he
superabundant. C. &
claims to be a pupil of Mantegna, though
C., N. Italy, ii. Ill ;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., he really caricatures the disagreeable feat-

ii. 127.

ANTONINUS, ST., GLOEY OF, Lorenzo ures of that master. Crowe and Cavalca-
Lotto, S. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice canvas, selle think him identical with Antonio da;

arched, figures life size signed. The beat- Pavia. C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 73, 440 ; Meyer,
;

ifiedbishop of the Florentines enthroned, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 144.

ministered to by angels in the sky behind, ANTONIO ; CREVALCORE, flour- !

DA
a glory of cherubs beneath the throne, the ished about 1480.
; Bolognese school fruit ;

agents of his charity stoop from a gallery to and flower painter. A half-length Madonna, j

give the maidens in waiting their marriage Berlin Museum, is signed by him and dated
portions. Painted about 1530. Vasari, ed. 14 [9] 3 (?). His style in it is not unlike that
Mil ,
v. 250 ;
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 521 ; Kio, of Bernardino of Perugia. C. & C., N. Italy,
i. 556
iii. 291. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 143.
;

ANTONIO DI CATALANO, the elder, ANTONIO DA FERRARA, born about

born at Messina, lived 1560-1630. Roman 1370-80, died after 1439. Lombard school ;

school pupil of Guinaccia

;
studied and real name Antonio Albert! ; ; pupil of Agnolo
copied, in his native town, works of Poli- Gaddi ; married in Bologna Calliope, sister
doro da Caravaggio afterwards taken by a of Timoteo Viti.
;
Only one signed picture
Jesuit artist to Rome, where he studied by him exists, a Madonna Enthroned (1439),
chiefly Raphael and Baroccio later became in the sacristy of S. Bernardino, outside
;

acquainted with the works of Correggio in Urbino. It is a rudely executed tempera,

Parma. Went thence to Bologna, where he by an artist of second or third rate talent.
C. & C., Italy, ii. 225 Meyer, Kiinst Lex.,
'

kept close alliance with Francesco Albani ;

and Girolamo Boniui, and, owing to his re- ii. 136.

lation to the Roman school, was called H ANTONIO EL INGLES, portrait, Velas-
Romano. He laboured in Bologna for a quez,Madrid Museum canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in.
;

number of years, and is said to have been x 3 ft. 4 in. A dwarf with long hair, in
called to Malta, whence he returned to Mes- brown dress and wide lace collar, standing
sina. His pictures please through their beside a black and white mastiff in right ;

graceful figures and harmony of colour, but hand, his plumed hat.manner. Latest
are open to criticism for the great sameness Etched by B. Maura Laguillermie. Cur-
;

in the angels' faces. Works in the Museum tis, 33 Gal. Esp.; Madrazo, 631.
;

and churches of Messina. Meyer, Kiinst. ANTONIO DA MURANO, flourished

Lex., ii. 157 ; Malvasia, ii. 189, 196. 1444-1451. Venetian school. Sansovino
ANTONIO DI CATALANO, the younger, says he lived till 1470, in which year he
born at Messina, lived 1585-1666. Neapoli- decorated parts of S. Apollinare, Venice,
tan school son and pupil of the above, but but this is doubtful.
; He worked at first in
influenced by Giovanni Simone de' Co- partnership with one Giovanni Alamanno
mande. He painted a great deal and rapid- (the German), otherwise called Giovanni da
ly, which was then considered as indicative Murano. Ridolfi calls him a brother of An-
of genius. Few of his works are
noteworthy. tonio, thus making him a member of the

66
 ANTOXIO
family known later as the Vivarini ; but San Francesco della Vigna, Venice, almost
Brandolesi has proved that no Giovanni his only example, is lavishly decorated with
Vivarini existed and Antonio, though a low embossments and plastic ornaments.
;

brother of Bartolommeo Vivarini, is not C. & C., N. Italy, i. 11; Meyer, Kttnst. Lex.,
known to have used the name Vivarini, I
ii. 143.
which given to him by Sansovino.
is first ANTONIO DA PAVIA, of Pavia, begin-
An Adoration of the Magi at Berlin, painted ning of sixteenth century. A superficial
by Antonio between 1435 and 1440, shows follower and imitator of Mantegna, who is
!

that he was an accomplished painter before registered among the workmen in the Pa-
he entered into partnership with Giovanni lazzo del T6 in 1528. A signed Madonna,
Alamanno. In 1440 they founded a work- tempera on canvas, is in the Museo Virgili-
shop at Murano, where during the next ano, Mantua. Crowe and Cavalcaselle think
seven years they executed many altarpieces, him identical with Antonio dalla Corna.
chiefly for churches in Venice. They clev- C. & C., N. Italy, i. 419, ii. 73, 440 Meyer, ;

erly absorbed the principles taught by Gen- Kfinst. Lex.,

ii. 155.

tile da Fabriano and Vittor Pisano (Pisanel- ANTONIO VENEZIANO, born in Venice,
lo), and though they
did not add much to latter half of fourteenth century. Floren-
previous experience as regards contrast by tine school. Vasari says he died in 1384,
!

light and shade, they imbued their works aged seventy-four, but documents prove
that
with a more tender spirit and gave greater he was Ii ving two years later. Family name
softness to their figures. The earliest work probably Longhi, baptismal name Antonio
attributed to them is a Coronation of the Francisci de Venetiis. According to Vasari,
Virgin, dated 1440, in the Academy of Ven- he was a pupil of Agnolo Gaddi, but his style
ice, a repetition of which, dated 1444, is in is rather that of Taddeo Gaddi. Earliest
S. Pantaleone, Venice. In S. Zaccaria, record of him is in the archives of Sieua,
Venice, is a large picture in three compart- where he worked in 1370 with Andrea Vanni
ments, signed and dated 1445. Two other
'

on the ceilings of the cathedral. In 1386-7

altarpieces in the same church are similarly he painted frescos in the Campo Santo, Pisa,
signed and dated. A Madonna with Saints representing scenes in the legend of
'
S. Rai-
in the Academy, Venice, is dated 1446. An- neri. Vasari calls it the finest and best work
tonio afterward worked with his brother in the building. The parts not obliterated
Bartolommeo, who took the name of Vivarini appear to justify the assertion and to prove
in his later years. In 1450 they painted the that Antonio was no common artist. The
Madonna of the Carthusians, Bologna Gal- frescos of the ceiling in the Cappellone dei
lery. Other by them are the Spaguuoli, Sta. Croce, may possibly be his
examples
Glorification of St. Peter in the Public Gal- work. Naturalism was the moving principle

lery of Padua (1451 ?), and two pictures of of his art, and as he pursued the imitation
Saints in the Sacristy of S. M. della Salute, of nature in many moods, he forms an im-
'

Venice. Antonio's later works,executed portant link in the chain which unites Or-
alone after 14G4, are comparatively feeble. cagna to Masolino, Angelico, and Masaccio.
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 19 Meyer, Kiinst.
; C. & C., Italy, i. 480 Vasari, ed. Le MOD., ;

Lex., ii. 140 Ch.

; Blanc, Ecole venitienne ii. 171; Siret, 956
; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. ;

Sansovino, Ven. Desc., 185, 269 ; Lermoheff, 132.

395, 396. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA, MEET-
ANTONIO DA NEGROPONTE, first half ING OF, ^ma-Tadema, Samuel Hawk Col-
of fifteenth century. Venetian school ; imi- lection, New York. Cleopatra rowed in her
tated the eccentric style of Jacobello del barge across the harbour at Alexandria to
Fiore. His colossal Virgin in Adoration, in meet Marc Antony, whose barge swings

B7
 ANTROPOFF
alongside, his rowers tossing their oars in any
one else to paint his likeness. Apelles
salutation as the Queen approaches. She is probably accompanied Alexander into Asia,

reclining on an ivory throne under an awn- for he painted

at Ephesus several pictures

ing of cloth of gold wreathed with roses ; of him, one of which, for the rebuilt Temple
on her left crouches a negressa sistrum of Diana, represented him with thunderbolts

player, on her right a white on in his outstretched hand. This, which Plu-
flute player
;

a lower stage three priests of Isis burn in- tarch saj's was the best portrait of the king,
cense. rises from his seat with an gave rise to the remark that Philip's Alexan-
Antony
expression of mingled surprise and anger as der
was invincible and Apelles's inimitable
Cleopatra affects not to see him. Grosvenor (Alex. 4 Fort. Alex. 2). In another picture
!

Gallery,1883. Portfolio (1883), 42 Athe- Alexander was represented in a triumphal

;

nseum" Jan. 13, 1883, 60. chariot followed by a chained figure of War ;
ANTROPOFF, ALEXEI PETEOVICH, and in a third, walking with Castor and Pol-
born in 1716, died in 1795. Eussian his- lux and the Goddess of Victory. Pliny says
last two pictures were placed
Decorated a (xxxv. 36) the
tory and portrait painter.
church in Kiev in 1752, painted the ceilings by the Emperor Augustus in the Forum,
in the Palace Golowin, Moscow, in 1756. As and that Claudius had the head of Augustus
a portrait painter imitated Rotari, and was substituted iu each for that of Alexander.
popular in St. Petersburg. He founded Apelles painted portraits also of Clitus, An-
I

there the school for the painting of tigonus, Neoptolemus, and other followers
first

altar pictures, and was among the painters of Alexander, and a nude picture of Cam-
sent to Moscow to represent the festivities paspe or Pancaste, Alexander's favourite con-
at the coronation of Catherine II., whose cubine. Pliny says that the artist fell in
portrait he painted. Also painted portraits love with her and that the king gave her to
of Peter HI. (17C1) and of Peter the Great him also that she was his model in his
;

(1769). Among his religious pictures are painting of Venus Anadyomene; but Athen-
The Trinity (1784), and Paul and Mary Mag- seus (xiii.) avers that the courtesan Phryne,
dalen (1788). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 161 whom the artist had seen at Eleusis going
;

Brunn, ii. 286. naked into the sea at the Festival of Posei-
ANTUM, AART VAN, flourished about don, served him in this capacity. This, the
1604-8. Dutch school marine painter in the masterpiece of Apelles, represented the god-
;

manner of Hendrik Vroom. Works Naval dess rising from the sea. In it the painter
:

Battle (1604), Berlin Museum Marine reached the acme of that grace and sensuous
;

(1608), National Gallery, Amsterdam do., charm for which his art was especially dis-
;

Madrid Museum.- Meyer, Konigl. Mus., 15. tinguished. The picture was painted for
APATURIUS, from Alabauda, Caria, the temple of .ZEsculapius at Cos. Augustus
1

fourth century B. c. Scene painter, said to paid 100 talents for it and took it to Rome,
have shown great skill in decorating the where he dedicated it in the Temple of Ju-
small theatre at Tralles. Vitruv., vii. 5, 4. lius Caesar, who claimed descent from the
APELLES, most famous of Greek paint- goddess. There it decayed in time, as no
ers, pupil of Ephorus, of Pamphilus, and of one dared to repair it, though Dorotheas
Melanthius ; born probably in Colophon, made a copy of it. Pliny says that Apelles
Ionia, though Pliny and Ovid call him of was painting another Venus for the people
Cos, and Strabo and Lucian of Ephesus of Cos, at the time of his death, which would
;

flourished 352-308 B. c. The best part of have excelled the first. Among his other
his life was spent at the court of Philip and works were a King Archelaus on horseback,
Alexander the Great, of both of whom he a Diana and her Nymphs sacrificing, an An-
painted many portraits. Alexander forbade cscus, and a Hercules. After the death of

68
 APOLLO
Alexander Apelles went to Egypt, where lie and tho next day the cobbler
proceeded to
was favourably received by King Ptolemv, criticise the leg, whereupon tho artist bade
1

notwithstanding the jealousy of the court him stick to his last. From this arose tho
"
painter Antiphilus, who accused him of tak- saying "Ne sutor ultra crepidom (Let not
ing part in a conspiracy. The charge being the shoemaker go beyond his last). Once,
disproved, Antiphilus was sold into slavery too, when Alexander the Great attempted to
and Apelles took a painter's revenge in au criticise one of his pictures, Apt-lies advised
j

allegorical picture of Calumny, from Lu- him to be silcut,as the colour-boys were laugh-
cian's minute description of which Jlotticelli ing at him. Apelles was uusuqwssed in dili-

painted a well-known picture now in the gence, and never allowed a day to pass with-
Uffi/.i. It was perhaps when on his way to out its accomplished task. Ho carried his art
Alexandria that Apelles visited Rhodes to to tho highest degree of excellence, surpass-
see Protogenes. Finding him absent from ing all who hail preceded him. Ionic elegance
his studio the visitor, says Pliny (xxxv. 30) and charm were blended in his stylo wifh

Apollo and Daphn, ft. Albtni, Louvrt.

drew with a brush upon a panel a line so Doric severity and correctness, and it is tho
fine that Protogenes, when he saw it, knew |
universal testimony of ancient writers that
that only Apelles could have done it Draw- his best work exhibited an indefinable grace
of conception and refinement of tnte and feel-
ing a still finer line, ho went away again, and |

Apelles on his return divided the two

with ing such as that of no other painter ever hail.

one even more subtile. Seeing this, Proto- APOLLO AND DAPHNE, Fr. Albani,
Louvre H. OJ in. x 1 ft. 2 in.
genes owned himself conquered and went ; copper,
to seek his guest Apelles shamed the Daphne closely pursued by Apollo, flies
Khodians into recognizing the merits of his toward her father, tho river Peneus above, ;

great rival by offering an immense sum

for Cupid, in a cloud. Daphne was changed
his pictures, and said that he himself ex- into a laurel as Apollo was about to seize
celled him in one thing, viz., that he knew her. Villot, Louvre; Filhol, v. PL 338;

when to stay his hand. Among other anec- Lamlon, Must-e, x. PL f>C.

dotes of him told by Pliny (L c.) is that of By Ant I'ollajttolo, National Gallery, Lon-
the cobbler who detected a fault in a shoe don wood, H. 11 in. x 7J in.
; Daphne in
of one of his figures. Apellcs corrected it, the embrace of the god, who has just caught
 APOLLO
her as she flies toward the Peueus ;
her arms Vatican fresco, on ceiling, Apollo seated,
;

have already sprouted into laurels. Cat. with his lyre in his hand, is ordering a
Nat. Gal. shepherd to flay Marsyas, who is bound to
APOLLO AND MARSYAS, Claude Lor- a tree another shepherd holds a laurel ;

rain, Earl of Leconfield canvas, H. 3 ft 9 crown over Apollo's head. Painted in 1511.
;

in. x 5 ft. Liber Veritatis, No. 95. Engraved The victory of Apollo is that of true over

by Muller. Collections Passart, Haye, false art which merits punishment. En-
Sir T. Coke. Another Apollo and Marsyas graved by Wibert. Passavant, ii. 89 ; R
(Liber Veritatis, No. 45), formerly in Crozat Miintz, 347.
Gallery, now in Hermitage, St. Peters- By Jtaphael, Louvre, Paris ; wood, H. 15^
Pattison, Claude Lorrain, 231, 246. iu. x 11^ in. Apollo standing with a staff,
burg.
listens disdainfully to the
strains of a pipe played by

Marsyas, who is sitting on a

bank background a land-
;

scape with river, hills, and a

town. Painted in Perugia
in 1504-5 (?). Collection of
John Barnard sold in ;

1787 to M. Duroveray, at
whose death, bought in
1850, by Mr. Morris Moore,
of Rome, who sold it to
the Louvre in 1883 for
8000. Authenticity de-
nied by Waagen, Passavant,
and Mundler, but their
opinion not generally ac-
cepted. Has been attribu-
ted to Mantegna, and with
more reason to Timoteo
Viti. C. & C., Raphael, i.

209 ; Passavaut, ii. 354 ;

Apollo and Marsyas, Guercino, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
Muntz, 224 Grayer, Raph- ;

By Guercino, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ael et 1'Antiquitt' ii. 421

1

Eitelberger,
; , ;

canvas, H. 5 ft. 11 in. X ft, 7 in. Apollo Rafael's Apollo und Marsyas, Vienna (1860) ;

nude, is flaying Marsyas, who lies upon his Battc, Le Raphael de M. Morris Moore, Paris
back with his hands bound to a tree upon (1859) Graphic, London, May 26, 1883. ;

which are suspended a violin and bow be- APOLLO AND THE MUSES. See Mu-
;

hind Apollo, two figures, partially concealed, ses, Dance of.

are looking on. Engraved by Massard L. APOLLODORUS, of Athens old Attic
; ;

Martelli. Wicar, ii. Part 17 Gal. du Pal. school about 408 B.C. Dr. H. Bruun re-
; ;

Pitti, i. PI. G. gards him as the first real painter, inas-

By Guido Eeni, Munich Gallery ; canvas, much as he no longer marked contours by
H. 6 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft. 3 in. Apollo flaying actual lines, but represented objects as they
Marsyas ;
the lyre of the god hangs upon appear to the eye. He changed the rigid
a tree. Figures life size. architectural character of painting, distin-
By Raphael, Camera della Segnatura, guished before him by a formal and rhyth-
 Al'OU.ONIO
mical arrangement of figures, by treating iu. x 8 ft 3 in. signed, dated 16(53. A moun-
I
;

his backgrounds in perspective, by connect- tainous, richly-wooded landscape, with sea

ing instead of juxtaposing tones, and by re- in distance in foreground, the Temple of
;

lieving the flat appearance of painted sur- Apollo, in which an ox is being sacrificed.
faces by a skilful use of light and shade. One of the master's finest pictures. Liber
He is classed with Ayatharchus as a skio- Veritatis, No. 157. Formerly in Palazzo Al-
grapher or shadow painter. Pliny (xxxv. tieri, Koine, with its companion, Landing of
30) says that he opened the doors of art *Knean, which see, for history. Engraved in
through which Xe.urix entered, meaning Miles Gallery, and by W. Woollet (1700).
that he discarded the lint tints and shadow- Sketches in British Museum and at Wind-
less outlines in use by 1'vlyijnntu.a for sor. Pattison, Claude Lorraiu, 220, 232 ;

Waogeu, Treasures, iii. 180.

APPEUT, EUGfiXE, born in Angers,

France, Dec. 28, 1814, died at Cannes, March
8, 18G7. History and genre painter, pupil
of Ingres. Medal of the third class, 1844 ;

honourable mention, 1855 Legion of Hon- ;

our, 1859. Works Sarah and the Poachers :

(1841) ;
Nero gazing at the Corpse of Agrip-
pina (1842) ; Vision of SL Ovens (1844),
bought by Assumption (1845) De-
State ; ;

scent from Cross (1N46) Death of St Jo- ;

seph (1847) An Amour (1850) An Informer

; ;

(1852); Adoration of Magi (1853), belongs

to State Sisters of Charity in the Crimea
;

(1855) ;
Woman Spinning (1857) ;
Sedairo

cutting Stones, The False Scent (1861);

Venice (1863) ; Pope Alexander HI, Peo-
nies (1864). Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii.

187.
APPIAX, ADOLPHE, born in Lyons,
France, in 1819. Landscape painter, pupil
of Corot and Daubigny belongs to the ;

Apollo and Marsyas, Raphael, Louvre, Paris. most recent school of French realists, who

blended and harmonious tints, chiaroscuro care more for play of light and shade and
and other modem artifices. general effect than for the working out of
effects, pictorial
for his charcoal draw-
Among his works were an Ajax of Locris on details. Celebrated
a ship struck by lightning, and a Priest ings. Works: Cattle Market (1865); Bois
des Roches Environs of Monaco
Praying. Bruun, ii. 51. (1870) ;

APOLLONIO, GIACOMO, born at Bas- (1873), Luxembourg Museum Luxembourg ;

sano in 1582-4, died there, Dec. 1, 1G54. Souvenir (1873) Panton atBeaulieu (1874) ;
;

Venetian school history and landscape

;
Environs of Corqiu'ranne (1883). Meyer,

painter, pupil of Girolamo and

Giambattista Kiiust. Lex., ii. 187 Muller, 16. ;

Bassano, and a very happy imitator of their APPIAN WAY IN THE TIME OF
AUGUSTUS, G. R. C. Boulanyrr, Mrs. A.
style. Works in Italian churches. Meyer,
Kiinst. Lex., ii. 178. T. Stewart, New York ;
canvas. The Appian
APOLLO, TEMPLE OF, Claude Lorrain, Way, with tombs and trees iu background,
in front horsemen, chariots,
formerly at Leigh Court ; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 ami passing

GI
and ladies in Sedan-chairs borne by slaves cesco Mancini. Grief over his wife's death [

and preceded by naked Africans in silver induced him to leave his native town for
collars and badges, who beat off the Perugia, of which city he received the free-
beggar boys in foreground, light, flower dom, Dec. 2, 1773, and where his principal
;
j

girls seated. Photogravure in Art Treasures works may be seen in different churches.
of America. He was one of the most remarkable fresco
APPIANI, ANDREA, born in Milan, painters of that time. Meyer, Kttnst. Lex.,
March 23, 1754, died there, Nov. 8, 1817. H. 188.
Pupil of De Giorgi, and of Giudici then APSHOVEN, THOMAS VAN, born in
;

studied in Bologna, Parma, Modena, and Antwerp, baptized Nov. 30, 1622, died in
Florence. Afterward went repeatedly to 1664 or 1665. Flemish school genre and ;

Rome, studied Raphael's frescos, and be- still-life painter, pupil of Teuiers, the
came the first fresco painter of his time. younger, whom
he imitated, and many of
After a brilliant career, during which he whose works he copied successfully master ;

produced many meritorious decorative works ,

of the guild in 1645-46. Works : Rustic
for churches and palaces in Milan, he Scene (1656), Darmstadt Museum Still- ;

painted remarkable portraits of prominent life, Dresden Gallery Guard-room, Prague !

;

men, repeatedly that of Napoleon, who Gallery. His brother, Ferdinand, the
greatly favoured him. He was struck by younger (baptized March 1, 1630, buried
paralysis in 1813, and losing his pension April 3, 1694), was also a pupil and even
afterword, through the Emperor's deposi- more successful imitator of Teniers, to
tion, fell into penury, and died of a second whom several of his pictures are probably

paralytic stroke. The paintings he executed attributed. Works Rustic Interior, Rotter- :

in 1808-12 in the Royal Palace, Milan, the dam Museum Interior with two Figures, ;

best specimens of his art, show good compo- Dunkirk Museum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii.

sition, correct forms and grace of motion, 197.

bright colouring and a masterly freedom of ARAGO, ALFRED, born in Paris, died
treatment. Works ; Napoleon on the Dan- in 1883. Historical genre painter, pupil
ube, Versailles Gallery Napoleon sur- of Delaroche. Medals 3d class, 1846 ; L.
; :

rounded by allegorical figures, of Honour, 1854 Officer, 1869. Works ; :

Leuchteuberg Gallery, St. Charles V. at San Yuste (1841) ; Recreation

Petersburg ; Parnassus, in f res- of Louis XL (1846); Petrarch at Virgil's
co> R oya pa ace)
i i Milan. Mey- Tomb (1847)
[
Abraham viewing Sodom ;

er, Kilnst. Lex., ii. 100 ;

G. Beretta, Opere and Gomorrah (1852). Vapereau (1880),
di A Appiani (Milan, 1848). 64.

APPIANI, ANDREA, born in Milan ARALDI, ALESSANDRO, born in Parma

about 1812, died there, Dec. His- about 1465, died there in 1528-30.
18, 1867. Lom-
torical genre painter pupil of Frangois bard school pupil of Cristoforo Caselli
; ;
;

Hayez, obtained several medals from the first public work an altar-piece painted
Accad. S. Luca in Rome, and in 1838 the in 1500 for S. Quirino, Parma.
Among
great prize of the Milan Academy. Works his existing works are a Madonna (fresco),
:

Petrarch at Avignon, Italian Emigrant Girl Duomo, Parma, dated 1509 Annunciation ;

Caressing the National Colours (1855). (1514), Pnrma Gallery, and frescos in S.
Vapereau (1865), 53. Paolo and S. Sepolcro, Parma. He had no
APPIANI, FRANCESCO, born at Aucona originality, and shows a decided leaning
in 1704, died at Perugia, March 2, 1792. to the Umbrian models of Francia. C. & C.,
Pupil of Domenico Magatta, then influenced N. Italy, i. 589 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. ;

by Francesco Trevisani, and later by Fran- 209.

G'i
 A1U5ASIA

ARBASIA, CESARE, born at Saluzzo Scenes from the Thirty Years' War, do. from
about middle of IGth century, died in 1614. Time of Louis XIV., Battle of Waterloo.
'

Italo-Spauish school; employed in Spain, Mailer, 16.

where he executed frescos for churches and ARBORELIUS, OLOF PER, born in

palaces, in must have re-

1579-81-8(3 ; Orsa, Dalecaiiia, Nov. 4, 1842. Landscape
turned to Italy about 1595, as he was one painter,pupil of the Stockholm Academy,
of the originators and first members of the where he won in 18(59 a prize and went in
Accad. S. Luca in Home, founded in that 1870 to Diisseldorf and later to Rome.
year. Later painted frescos in Saluzzo and Paints chiefly Swedish and Italian scenes.
neighbourhood, which, according to Mdn- Works Cliffs on Swedish Coast in a Storm
:

dler, suggest the manner of Federigo Zuc- |

(1874), Stockholm Museum ; Scene from a
caro, and of B. Lauiui. Meyer, Kilust. Lex., Bear-Hunt. Mailer, 16.
ii. 213 F. Quilliet, Arti Italiaue in Ispagna
;
1
ARCADIA, SHEPHERDS OF (Bergers
(Rome, 1825), 33. d'Arcadie), Nicolas Powvin, Louvre, Paris ;

ARBELA, BATTLE OF, Albrecht Alt- canvas, H. 2 ft 9 in. x 4 ft Allegory illus-

(Jorfcr, Munich Gallery wood, H. 4 ft. 11 trative of the brevity of life. In the middle
:

in. x 3 ft. 8 in. signed, dated 1529. A

;
'

of a desert plain, with mountains in back-

spirited battle scene, with thousands of ground, three shepherds and a young girl,
small figures on foot and mounted in centre ; in antique costume, have paused before a
Alexander and Darius background, a land-
; tomb shaded by trees at left, the oldest,
;

scape with mountains and sea. Painted by kneeling, points with his finger to the words
order of Duke Wilhelm of Bavaria. Carried cut in the stone : ET IN ARCADIA EGO.
to France in 1800 nt St. Cloud a favourite
; Louis XTV.Collection of
Engraved by
picture of Napoleon I. returned in 1815.
;
M. and A. ReindeL Rep-
Picart le Romain ;

By Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris ; can- etition in Devonshire House, London, has
vas, H. 15 ft. 5 in. x 41 ft. 4 in. Accord- tomb at one side. This engraved by Ravenet.
ing to Q. Curtius (IV.), the soldiers of Filhol, ii. PL 109 Landon, Musce, vL PL ;

Alexander saw, in the height of the battle, 37 Mus6e royal Villot, Cat Louvre. ; ;

an eagle hovering over the head of Alex- ARCANGELO, ANDREA DI CIONE.

ander, which Aristander, the chief sooth- See Orcayna.
sayer of the king, pointed out as an infallible ARCESILAUS, Greek painter, son of the
omen of victory. The Macedonians pressed sculptor Tisicrates, of Sicyon, about 286 ac.
on with renewed vigor, and Darius, who was Painted a picture of the Athenian gen-
mounted upon a lofty chariot, seeing all eral Leostheues, which Pausanias (i. 1, 3)
hope lost, sought safety in flight. Series of saw in the Pineus. Pliny, xxxv. 40, 42
i

History of Alexander. Engraved by G. [146].

Audran (1G74), D. Bertaux. Filhol, iii. PL ARCESILAUS, Greek painter, of Paros,
151 ; Villot, Cat. Louvre. probably fifth century B.C. Said by Pliny
ARBO, PETER NIKOLAI, born in Dram- (xxxv. 39 [122]), to have been, with Pol>j<j-
men, Norway, in 1831. History painter notus, one of the earliest painters in encaus-
;

pupil, in Copenhagen, of Helsted, then from tic. Perhaps identical with the sculptor,
1852 at the Dtisseldorf Academy under Kail son of Aristodicus, on whom Simouides
Sohn studied in Paris in 1861-70. He is wrote an epigram (Diog. Laer. Arces. xxi.).
; \

a knight of the order of Vasa and director A painter of the same name is mentioned by
!

of the drawing school at Christiania. Works : Athenanis (x. p. 420), as a tutor of Apelles.
The Walkyries, The Wild Chase, Asgard's Brunn, ii. 55.

Reigen, Christiauia Gallery; Ingeborg, ARCHER, JAMES, born in Edinburgh

Bjarke's and Hjalte's Death, The Day, in 1824. Genre uiid portrait painter ;
 ARCHERS
pupil of Thomas Duncan in the Trustees' of the company of cross-bow men, on some
Academy. Edinburgh ;
exhibited in 1849 public occasion ; capital picture, many fig-
in Hesse-Cassel Collection
first picture, Last Supper, at Royal Scottish ures. Formerly ;

Academy ;
elected an A.RS.A. in 1850, then at Malmaison, whence passed to Her-
and RS.A. in 1858. Removed in 1862 to mitage. Smith, iii. 265.
London, where he still resides. Visited the ARCHERY PRIZES, AWARD OF. See
United States in 1884. Works: Time of Syndics of the Arquebusiers.
War (1857) Hidden Sorrow (1858) Fair
; ARCHIGALLUS, picture. See Parrha-
;

Rosamond and Queen Eleanor (1859) sius. ;

Playing at Queen (18G1) Puritan Suitor ; ARCO, ALONSO DEL, born in Madrid
Times of Charles I. (1867); Against in 1624, died there in 1700. Spanish school
(1865); ;

Cromwell (1869) Sir Patrick Spens (1870) born deaf and dumb
; pupil of Pereda,
; ;

Shepherds of Arcadia, Nicolas Poussin, Louvre, Paris.

Henry Irving as Mathias in "The Bells" whence commonly called el Sordillo (the
(1872) Irving as Charles I. (1873)
;
Spring- dumb) de Pereda. Was a good portrait
;

tide (1875) ; Little Bo-Peep (1876) Rose painter. Works in churches of S. Juan do
;

(1877) ; Trysting Tree (1878) Sacrifice to Dios, S. Andres, S. Felipe, S. Bernardo,

;

Dionysus (1879) Betrothal of Burns and

; and Sebastiano, Madrid
S. Child Jesus ;

Highland Mary (1881) Peter the Hermit

;
sleeping under the Cross, Academia S. Fer-

preaching the First Crusade (1883) St. ;

nando several pictures in Museo Nacional,
;

Agnes, in the Second Century (1884) por- ;

Madrid. Stirling, iii. 1006 ; Meyer, Kunst.
traits of James G. Elaine, Andrew Carnegie Lex., ii. 221.
(1884). Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 248. ARDICES, painter, Corinth, early period.
ARCHERS OF ANTWERP, David Ten- Mentioned by Pliny (xxxv. 5 [15]), in con-
iers, Hermitage, St. Petersburg canvas, H. nection with Telephan.es of Sicyon, as first
;

4 5 in. x 7 ft. 9 in. Represents a

ft.
meeting to use shading lines within outline drawings.
64
 AREGIO
AREGIO, PABLO DE, beginning of is lost, but a canvas in Palazzo Giustiniani,
10th century. Spanish school painted in Padua, attributed to Tintoretto, may pos-
;

1506, with Francisco Neapoli, scenes from sibly J>o the original study. Aretiuo is the
the life of the Virgin on twelve panels of Pilate in the Knv Homo of Titian, Vicuna

the wings of the high altar of Cathedral at Museum. C. fi. C.. Titian, ii. 10H, i. 319 ;

Valencia, for which the two were paid 3000 Gal. du PaL Pitti, i. PL 111 Burckhardt, ;

ducats. Their manner resembled so much 720 Lavice, 77. ;

that of Leonardo da Vinci that they were ARETUSI. See /'ellegrino da Modena.
called his pupils. They also painted part ARETUSI, CESARE, born in Modena,
of the walls in fresco. Catherine, col- second half of 10th century, died there in
St.
lection of Don Pedro
Pelegner, Madrid. 1012. Bolognese school muter unknown, ;

Stirling, i. 97
Meyer, Kiinst.
; Lex., ii. 232 but style formed after that of Bagnacavallo.
;

Tilbinger Kunstblatt (1823), 33. Highly successful jK)rtrait painter in the

AREGON, Greek painter, of Corinth, manner of Correggio, whose pictures be
early period. Strain > says (viii. 3, 12) that copied Ix'tter than any other painter of the
his picture of Diana riding upon a griffin time. Worked much in collaboration witli
was preserved in of Artemis Giambattista Fiorini, pupil of B.ignacavallo
the Temple
Alphieoiiia, near Bruun, ii. 5!)7.
Olympin. and assistant of Zucchero, who was a better
ARELLANO, JUAN DE, born at Sautor- designer than Aretusi, but inferior as a col-
ca/. in 1014, died in Madrid, Oct. 12, 1G70. ourist. They painted together a chapel in
Spanish school scholar of
;
Juan de Solis, S. Petrouio, Bologna Deposition from the ;

but unsuccessful until thirty-six years old, Cross, Saints Benedict and Francis de Paul,
when he began to copy the flower pieces of in S. Benedetto Nativity of the Virgin, in ;

Mario del Fiori (Nuzzi), and finally won S. Giovanni in Monte. Malvasia, i. 24!t ;

wealth and fame as a painter of flowers, Lanzi, ii. 410, iiL 50 Ch. Blanc, ficole bo- ;

fruits, and birds. Six flower pieces in Mad- lognese Meyer, Kdnst. Lex., ii. 239 do., ; ;

rid Museum. Decorated the sacristy of the Correggio, 107, 301, 310.
church of St. Jerome at Madrid with genii, ARGONAUTS, EXPEDITION OF, pict-
flowers, etc. Works in Academia S. Fer- ures. See Cydiax, Miron.
ARGUNOFF, IVAN, flourished about
middle of 18th century. Russian portrait
l
)ainter - instructed by foreign masters,
enjoyed considerable reputation in St.
uando and Museo Nacional, Madrid. Petersburg. His Cleopatra is in the Mos-
Stirling, ii. 718; Ch. Blanc, Kcole espag- cow Museum. Meyer, Kflnst. Lex., ii. 247.
nole Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., ii. 232 Madrazo,
;
ARIADNE, Luca Giordano, Dresden Gal-
;

348. ,

lery ; canvas, H. 6 fi x 8 ft in., signed.

AEELUUS, Roman painter, century Ariadne, abandoned by Theseus, whose ship
first

B.C. Profaned his art, Pliny says (xxxv. 37 is seen in the distance, sleeping (nude) on
[119]), by painting goddesses in the like-
the shore of Naxos at left, a crowd of Bar- ;

ness of his mistresses. Brunn, ii. 305. chantes and satyrs announce the coming of
AEETINO, or D'AREZZO, SPINELLO. Bacchus. Engraved by F. Busan. Gal.
See Spindli, Spinello. Roy. de Dresdo, i. PI. 39.

ARETINO, PIETRO, portrait, Titian, Pa- }

ARIADNE AND BACCHUS. See Itac-

lozzo Pitti, Florence canvas, H. 3

; ft. 2 !
chits.

in. x 2 ft. in. Painted in 1545. En-! ARLVS FERNANDEZ, ANTONIO, born
F. Petrucci and T. Ver in Madrid early part of 17th
century.
graved, reversed, by
Cruya An earlier portrait by Titian (1527) died there in 1084. Spanish school pupil :

66
 ARIEKTI
of Pedro de las Cuevas painted when ward director of the Bologna Academy.
;

fourteen years old pictures for high altar of Works Beatrice di Tenda, Jeremiah, Ores-
,
:

the Carmelites in Toledo, and at twenty-five tes, Phaedra and Hippolytus, Francesca da
reckoned one of the best painters in Madrid. Rimini, Origin of the Lombard League
Employed with Camilo, Alonzo Cano, and (Quirinal, Rome) Portrait of Bellini (Naples ;

other distinguished artists to paint the por- Conservatory of Music) Barbarossa (Royal ;

traits of the kings of Spain, when the an- Palace, Turin). Kunst-Chronik, viii. 466.
cient hall of the kings in the Royal Palace ARIOSTO, portrait, Titian, Cobham Hall,
was renovated. Executed many pictures England ; canvas, H. 2 ft. 9 in. x 2 ft. 1 in. ;
for churches and convents. Works Trib- :
signed. The poet is walking, the upper
ute Money, Charles V. and Philip II., Mad- part of his body seen in profile behind a
rid Museum. Died in want at the general parapet, the face turned toward the specta-

Ariadne, Luca Giordano, Dresden Gallery.

hospital of Madrid. Stirling, ii. 715 ;

Viar- tor. History unknown ; not certainly a
dot, 284 ; Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 248 ; Ma- portrait of Ariosto, but may be the picture
drazo, 350. of the Lopez collection, sold in London in
ARIENTI, CARLO, born in Milan in time of Charles I.; and this in turn may
1800, died in April 3, 1873. have been the portrait which Bartiffalcli says
Bologna,
History painter, pupil of the schools of the was sent to Padua in 1554 by Ariosto's son
Brera, Milan was professor at the Milan Virginio.
; The copy formerly in the Palazzo
Academy when called to Turin by King Manfrini passed to Barker collection in 1857,
Charles Albert, who ordered him to paint and was afterward sold. Other copies in
for the staircase of the palace a victory of the Viceuza Gallery, in the Tosi collection
the Italians over the Austrians. This exiled at Brescia, and in the Butler-Johnstone col-
him from Milan, but lie was made president
|
lection, London. C. & C., Titian, i. 197 ;

of the Academia Albertini, Turin, and after- Baruflaldi's Ariosto, 251.

 ARIO8TO
ARIOSTO, portrait, Titian (?), National ARISTOCLEIDES, Orock peinter, date
Gallery, London wood, transferred to can-
;
j

unknown. Decorated Temple of AI* .11, at i

vas, H. 2 ft. 8J in. x 2 ft Half length, in Delphi. Pliiiy, xxxv. 40 11 R,

[138] ;

a crimson and purple dress an

open but ; Schoru, 225 Brunn, ii. 208.
;

sensual face, the hair falling in masses on AHISTODEMUS, about

painter, of Curia,
the neck, one hand playing with a rose, the 200 a c, Philostratus refers to him more
other holding a pair of gloves. Answers
especially as a writer on painting (Prooein.
the description given by Ridolfi in 1G4G of Icon.
p. 3, Didot), but says ho painted
a picture in the Renier collection, Venice, after the manner of Eumelus. Brunn, ii.
Might have been painted by Pellegrino da 309.
San Daniele or Dosso Dossi (C. & C.). Ac- ARLSTOLACS, Greek son and painter,
quired by National Gallery in I860. C. & pupil of i'uttxiax, about 308 a c,
Pliny says
C., Titian, i. 197 Ridolfi, Maraviglic,
; 40 [137]) his style was severe, and
i. 210 ; (xxxv.
Campori, Raccolta di Cataloghi, 442. mentions among his works an Epamiuondati,
AllLSTARETE, painter, daughter and a Pericles, a Medea, a Theseus, an emblem-
pupil of Xcun-ltHx. Pliny (xxxv. 40, 43 [147J) atical picture of the Athenian People, and
says she was noted for her picture of J3scu- a Sacrifice of Oxen. Brunn, ii. 154.
lapius. Brunn, ii. 300. ARISTOMACHUS or ARISTOMENES,
ARISTLEUS, painter, Thebes, Theban painter, of Thasos. Vitruvius (iii. Prooem.
Attic school, father and master of Nicoma- 2) says through adverse circumstances ho
chit*, lived probably in the first part of the did not obtain renown equal to his merit,
fourth century a c. his works was n votive picture of
Pliny xxxv. 3C [108J ; Among
Brunn, ii. 159. women, dedicated by them in the three
ARISTIDES, Greek painter, of Thebes, Temple of Aphrodite as a thank-offering
Theban Attic school, brother and pupil of for wedded happiness. He is called also
Nichorttachwi ; pupil also of Euxcuidas and Aritnues and Arimenes. Varro do Lang,
master of Euphranor probably about 37G- Lat., ix. 6, 12 Brunn, ii. 301.
; ;

336 B. c. Though hard as a colourist, he ARISTOMENES. See Ariflomachwt.

was an admirable draughtsman and master ARISTON, Greek painter, of Thebes, son
of the most subtile shades of expression, and
pupil of Arixtiili-s. Only recorded work
He rendered these with surpassing power is a Satyr crowned with vino leaves, holding
in his Captured City, in which a mother was a goblet in his hand.
Pliny, xxxv. 3G [122|;
represented lying mortally wounded in a Brunn, ii. 181.
street, with her infant vainly striving to ARISTONIDAS. See Mnanlimu*.
draw nourishment from her breast. Alex- AUISTOPHON, Greek painter, son of
ander the Great carried from
Thasos and brother of J'olyy-
off this picture Aylaojjhoii of
Thebes toPella. King Attalus of Pergamus nofux, about 45G a c. He was of tho old (

offered 400 talents for his Dionysius, which Attic school, which knew nothing of j>er-
Mummius carried from Corinth to Rome, spective, foreshortening, or oppositions of
and dedicated in the Temple of Ceres, where light and shade, and painted in broad, flat
it was finally burned (31 a t\). Mnason, tones, with only four colours, white, red,
tyrant of Elatea, paid Aristides 1000 mime yellow, and black. His works were distin-
Ho
'

for his picture of a Persian battle, which guished for their expressive qualities.
contained a hundred figures. Other pict- painted Philoctetes (Plut De And. Poet 3),
ures by him are mentioned and Ancrcus wounded by tho boar, subjects
by Pliny (xxxv. ]

36). Brunn, ii. 171. which gave opportunity for the display of
[

ARISTOBULUS, second-rate painter, of his capacity for rendering what tho Greeks
Syria. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146J Bruuu, ii. 286. call pathos, an all-pervading emotion of iain,
;
 A KM AND
whether physical or mental. Pliny, xxxv. 40 late as the last century,
! was valued in Italy
[138J; Brunn, ii. 53. and Germany. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 261;
ARMAND -
DUMARESQ, CHARLES Gualandi, Mem., ii. 78, 192.
EDOUARD, born in Paris, Jan. 1, 1826. ARMIDA. See Einaldo.
Genre painter, especially of military scenes ; ARMITAGE, EDWARD, born in Lon-
pupil of T. Couture. In 1854 he accom- don, May 20, 1817. History painter pupil ;

panied the French troops to Algiers and in Paris (1836) of Paul Delaroche, whom
Italy, to paint battle scenes and camp life. he assisted in painting the Hemicycle in
Medal : 3d class, 1861, 1863 Order of St. the Paris Ecole des
;
Beaux Arts. In 1840
Maurice, 1859 ; L. of Honour, 1867 Offi- he sent Prometheus ; Bound to the Paris
cer, 1881. Works: Christ (1850), Church Salon, and in 1843 he was awarded a prize
of Dole ; St. Bernard preaching a Crusade of 300 at the Westminster Hall Exhibition,

(1852) ; Martyrdom of St. Peter (1853), for his cartoon of the Landing of Caesar in
Cathedral of Caen ;
Attributes of the Arts Britain. His cartoon, The Spirit of Religion,
and Sciences, Death of General Kirgener, gained a prize of 200 in 1845, and his Battle
Second Zouaves in Ambush (1855) Capture ;
of Meanee (Sindh), a prize of 500 in 1847.
of the Great Redoubt in the Battle of Mos- The latter was purchased by the Queen. In
kowa (1857) Death of General Bizot (1859),
;
1852 he painted the fresco of the Thames,
Versailles Museum Battle of Solferino (1859)
; ;
and in 1854 that of the Death of Marmion
Charge of Devaux's Division (1862); Prince in the Parliament House. Having studied
Imperial taking a Walk, Vive 1'Empereur two years, 1849-51, in Rome, he visited the
(1864) Colour Guard, Chaplain of the Regi-
;
Crimea during the Russian war, and made
ment, Battle of Solferino, Passage of the important studies from which he painted
Adda (1865); Charge of Cuirassiers at Eylau, Balaklava and the Guards at Inkerman.
Chasseurs on Foot, Carrying off the Wounded Elected A. R
A. in 1867, R. A. in 1872 ap- ;

(1866); Charge of Cuirassiers (1867); Return pointed professor and lecturer on painting
from Elba (1868) Day before Austerlitz,; at Royal Academy at 1875. His lectures
Day before Solferino (1869); Defence of St. were published in the United States in
Quentin (1872) Signing the Declaration of
; 1883. Works: Death of Nelson, Henry
American Independence (1873) Council of ;
VIIL and Catherine Parr (1848) Vision of ;

War, The Spy (1874) Surrender of York- Ezekiel (1850)

;
Samson (1851) City of ; ;

town, a Prussian Uhlan (1875) Battle of Refuge (1853) Lotus Eater (1854) Ravine
; ; ;

Saratoga (1879) Prince of Wales reviewing at Inkerman (1856)

;
Souvenir of Scutari ;

the Grenadiers in 1777 (1880) ; Battle of (1857) ; Retribution (1858) ; St. Francis be-
Bapaume, Each in his Turn (1883); Lecture fore Innocent HI. (1859), Christ and the
de TAunuaire de la Cavalerie (1884). La- Twelve Apostles (1860), Catholic Church
rousse Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 260
;
Bel- at Islington
;
Pharaoh's Daughter (1861); ;

lier. Burial of a Martyr in Time of Nero (1863) ;

ARMENINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, Ahab and Jezebel (1864) ; Esther's Banquet

born Faenza in 1540, died there, May 13,
at (1865) ;
Remorse of Judas (1866) Feast of ;

1609. Roman
school went when fifteen ; Herod (1868) Gethsemaue (1870), National
;

years old to Rome, where he was allied with Gallery Simplex Munditiis (1873) Julian
; ;

Taddeo Zuccaro, and copied Michelangelo's the Apostate (1875) Phryne, the Hymn of
;

Last Judgment. From 1557 he wandered Serf Emancipation the Last Supper (1876) ;

for nine years Pygmalion and Galatea (1878);

through Italian cities, mostly (1877);
working Samson and the Lion (1881) St.
for, or cooperating with other ar- Charity, ;

tists, and finally became a priest. He wrote Francis and St. Dominic at Rome, One of
a book on the theory of painting, which, as Raphael's Models, Sea Urchins (1882). Art
 ARMSTRONG
Journal (1803), 177; Portfolio (1870), 49; ARNZ, ALBERT, Ixirn in Dusseldorf,
Meyer, Kiinst, Lex., ii. 263. Jan. '24, 1N32. Lnndscai>e painter, pupil
ARMSTRONG, THOMAS, born in Man- of the Dusseldorf Academy, under his
Chester, England, in 1835. Figure painter brother-in-law, Oswald ; Acheubach, with
pupil in Paris of Ary Scheffer. In later years whom he visited Italy and Switzerland,
he has sought to combine modern French Most of his subjects are taken from Rome;
style with Pre Raphaelite simplicity and and Naples, though he
-
has also painted
agreeable colour. Works Josephine, Morn- views in Westphalia and the Nether Rhine
:

ing, Peach Gathering, The Lesson, exhibited countries. Works The Regeusteiu in the :

at Royal Academy since 1865. Portfolio Hartz Mountains, Swiss Landscii]>e, Wood
(1871), 65. Landscape with Sheep, Summer LaudHca]M>,
ARNDT, FRANZ, born at Lobsenz, near On the Ruins of Rome (I860) The Coloa- ;

Posen, Aug. 20, 1842. Landscape and genre seum, Coast near Naples (1H71). Meyer,
painter pupil
;
at Weimar Art School under Kiinst. Lex., ii. 21)7 Miiller, 19. ;

Alex. Michaelis, and Tueod. Hagcii visited ARPINO, CAVALIERE D'. See Cemri,
;

Italy in 1872 and 1877, was appointed pro- Giuseppe.

fessor at the Art School in 1876, and secre- AR1UVABENE, GIULIO CESARE, bom
tary in 1879. His landscapes show close in Mantua in 1800. History and figure
study of tree forms his genre pieces are painter
; pupil of the Milan Academy, ; .

generally humorous in design. Works from which he received a prize in 1833.

:

Elegy, Scherzo (1872), Children's Jokes Afterwards spent several years in Rome,
(1873), Summer Morning, North German where he painted historical pictures, somo
Church. Meyer, Ktiust. Lex., ii. 270 ; allegories in fresco for a palace, and in
Miiller, 18. Mantua and its neighbourhood madonnas
ARNOLD, HERMANN, born in Munich, and saint* for churches. Since 1853 he
May 7, 1846. History and genre painter has been settled in Florence, and has painted
;

pupil at Munich Academy under Hilten- mostly scenes from sacred history. Works :

sperger, Anschiitz, Alex. Wagner, Schrau- Ruth, Duke of Sutherland's Collection ;

dolph, and Piloty. Works Altarpiece, In- Macbeth, Mr. Waring's Collection, London.
:

uudation Scene, Schiitzenkiinig, Neighbour's Meyer, Kflnst. Lex., ii. 303.

Children, Christ; Dream of Roses (1883). ARSENICS, JOHANN GEORG, born
Miiller, 18. at Klemmestorp, Westergothland, Feb. 4,
ARNOLD, KARL JOHANN, born in 1818. Painter of horses pupil of Wahl- ;

Beiiin, Aug. 30, 182'.). Portrait, animal, bom in 1849-50, and of the portrait painter
and genre painter pupil of the Cassel
;
Staaf in 1843. In 1852 he went to Das-

Academy, of the Antwerp Academy, and seldorf and thence to Paris, where he
after his return to Berlin of Adolf Menzel, studied under Horace Vernet in 18C5 be- ;

who led him through a thorough study of came a member of the Stockholm Academy,
nature in all her aspects. Works: Siesta, He is a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Swed-
Fanuy and her Admirers, Where is Fanny ? ish cavalry. Works: Race (1864); Halt.
Welcome in the Green, Hessian Peasant Fire in a Stable (1866) Horses Frightened ;

Girl, Wicliff Persecuted, the North German by Locomotive, Quarry near Lugnaas,
Nor-

Parliament, the Great at wegian' Sledge-Trotter, Grey Span, Dis-

Headquarters
Paris, Boar Hunt, Altarpieoe portraits of carded Cavalry Horse, Rigolboche, Jane,
;

Louis Spohr, Bettina von Arnim, two of Lisa Bleuda, Stallion Aurico. Meyer, Kdust.
King William, German Imperial Family ; Lex., ii. 305.
Dinner in honour of the Congress. Meyer, ARSESNE, LOUIS CHARLES, born in
Kiinst. Lex., ii. 277 ; Miiller, 18. Paris, Dec, 23, 1780, died there, Aug. 3,
 ART
1855. Scriptural subjects in foreground, were fre-
Religious painter, pupil of David.
He works of Chateaubriand quently placed in Belgian churches. The
illustrated the
and Lamartine, and wrote a valuable book figures in his pictures are chiefly by Gas-
on the fine arts, entitled Painter's and pard de Craeyer, Gerard Zegers, David Te-
Sculptor's Manual (Paris, 1833). Works niers the younger, and Van Herp. Jacques
:

St. Louis Disembarking at Hyeres (1841) had a brother Nicholas (born 1617) and a
;

The Pious Women at the Tomb of Christ, son Jean Baptiste (born 1638), both of
Jesus in the Garden of Olives. whom were painters. Best works in Brus-
AET AND LITERATURE, Adolphe Wil- sels, Vienna, Dresden, Madrid, and English
liam Bouyuereau, E. Walter, New York.
Two female figures, full length. Painted
for the late J. S. Jenkins, Baltimore sold ;

(1881) to Mr. Walter. Photogravure in Art

Treasures of America, iii. 7G. private galleries. Biog. nat. de Belgique, i.
ARTARIA, MATTHIAS, born in Mann- 437 ; Ch. Blanc, ficole flamande Meyer, ;

heim, June 19, 1814. Genre painter, pupil Kiinst. Lex., ii. 310.
of the Dusseldorf Academy, where he prof- ARTISTS, MEETING OF, Velasquez,
ited by intercourse with Andreas Achen- Louvre ft. 6 in. ; canvas, H. 1 ft. 6 in. x 2
bach. He
has painted peasant life in Tyrol Thirteen persons, in three groups, standing,
and Spain, as well as mediaeval subjects. in conversation among them, at left, Velas- ;

Works Heroic Struggle of the Tyrolese in quez and Murillo. Sometimes called Con-
:

1809 Defence of the Iselberg Wedding versation of Velasquez. Presented to Duch-

; ;

in the Ziller Valley, Going to Church Christ- ess of Alba by Don Gabriel, son of Charles
mas Night, Munich Gallery ; Postillion, Cas- in. ; her death, and finally bought
sold, at
tle Elche, Improviser at a Well, Market Scene from M. Laneuville in 1851, for 6,500 fr.
in Valencia, Guerillas Fleeing, Captive Hu- Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Art Journal ;

guenots, Arrest of Ravaillac, Guard Room (1852), 364 ; Gaz. des B. Arts (1879), xx.
in Thirty Years' War, Maid of Saragossa. 237 Curtis, 16. ;

Meyer, Kiinst, Lex., ii. 307 ; Mttller, 19. ARTVELT, ANDRIES VAN, born in
ARTEMIDORUS, painter, century Antwerp, baptized March 25, 1590, died
1st
A.D. Among his works was a Venus on there in 1652. Flemish school marine ;

which Martial wrote an epigram (V. 40). He painter master of the guild in 1609-10, ;

was perhaps an historian and amateur went to Italy probably after Sept., 1627, but
painter of a bad picture of Minerva. had returned to Antwerp in 1630. His por-
Brunn, ii. 310. trait of Van Dyck, painted in 1632, is in

ARTEMON, and date un- the Augsburg Gallery. Works Shipwreck

painter, place :

known. His pictures, Apotheosis of Her- of Turkish Vessel (1623), Ghent Museum ;

cules and Laomedon, King of Troy, were Naval Battle, Th. van Lerius,
Antwerp ;

preserved in the Portico of Octavia, Rome. Marine, Suermondt Museum, Aix-la-Chap-

Other works were Danae with Robbers in elle do. with Men-of-War, Vienna Museum. ;

Admiration Queen Stratonice and Her-

; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 316.
;

cules and Dejanira. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [139] ASAM, COSMAS, born at Benedict-
;

Brunn, ii. 284. beuern, Bavaria, Sept. 18, 1686, died in

ARTHOIS, JACQUES born in Brus- 1742. Italian school history painter, pupil
D', ;

sels, baptized, Oct. 12, 1613, died after of Ghezzi in Rome, where he won the first
1C84. Flemish school eminent landscape prize at the Academy. One of the most
;

painter pupil of one Jan Mertens.

; His skilful and characteristic imitators of the
compositions, often grandly poetic, with Italian Rococo style, painted chiefly in

7U
 ASCENSION
and decorated innumerable churches little
fresco, valley and in foreground a reclining ;

and monasteries in nnd out of Bavaria, figure (St. Ruskin, Stones of Yen-
Peter?).
working conjointly with his brother Aegi- ice, iii. 340.
dius, notably the Cathedral of
sculptor, Subject treated also by Sebastiano Ricd,
Freising, 1723-24. He was court painter SS.Apostoli, Home,, Dresden Gallery Giotto, ;

to the Elector of Bavaria. Works Vulcan S. M. dell' Arena, Padua ; Correggio, H.

:
;

forging Anns for .Eneas, Ceiling in the Giovanni Evangelist!, Parma Andrea Or- ;

Chapel, Schleissheim Castle Decorations cagna, National ; London Gallery. ; Tintoretto,

in Chapel and Staircase,
Grand-ducal Pnlace, Mann-
heim do. in St. John's,
;

Munich. Meyer, Kiinst.

Lex., ii. 321.
ASCENSION (Fr. As-
cension, Ital.
Ascensione,
Sp. Ascension, Ger. Him-
melfahrt, Aussteiguug), the
ascension to Heaven of
Christ after the Entomb-
ment (Acts i.
9-11).
By P. 1'erugino, Lyons
Museum, France ; wood,
transferred to canvas ; fig-
ures nearly life size. Christ,
draped below the waist, and
attended by angels, two on
each side, is supported by
two other angels in a glory
of cherubs' heads. He
points upward with both
hands, where two seraphs
attend the Eternal, in a cir-
cular glory of same kind,
in benediction ; below, the
and Paul,
Virgin, SS. Peter
and Apostles looking up-
ward. Formerly central
part of great altarpiece of MuMum.
Ascension, by Prugino, Lyons
S. Pietro, Perugia ; taken
to Paris and cleaned in 1815, and given to II Redentore, Venice Rubens, ;
Jesuits'

Lyons by Pius VH C. & C., Italy, ii. Church, Antwerp (burned, 1718).
205. ASCLEPIODORUS, painter, sculptor, and
By Tintoretto, Scuola diwriter on art, Athens, second half of 4th
S. Rocco, Venice ;

canvas. Christ ascending, sustained by century ac. Praised by Apelles for skill in
j

Beneath, a sort of epitome of rendering the relative proportions of objects,

'

angela
events preceding the ascension ; in ilia- and regarded by him as his superior in com-
tance, two apostles going to Emmaus position. His picture of the twelve great
;

nearer, a round a
group table set in a was purchased by Muasou, tyrant of gods
71
 ASIIER

Elatea, for 360 talents. Pliny, xxxv. 36, 69 filled

the porticoes and covered the facades

Brunn, ii. 256. of many churches in his native city travel- ;

[107] ;

ASHEK, LOUIS, born in Hamburg, June led in Italy and left many works, the earli-

28, 1804, died there, March 7, 1878. His- est in St. Cecilia, Bologna. Between 1506
tory and genre painter Hamburg and 1510 he painted frescos in S. Frediano,
; pupil in
of Gerdt Hardorf and Leo Lehmann, Lucca, and in 1514 the front of the library
of
then from 1821 at the Dresden Academy, of S. Michele in Bosco. His composi-
and in Diisseldorf under Cornelius, whom, tions are poor in arrangement, his figures
in 1825, he followed to Munich. In 1827 strained in action, and his flesh tones red
he returned to Hamburg settled in Ber- and fiery.
;
As a sculptor his only known
lin in 1830 visited Italy;
in 1832 and work, produced in 1526, is the Dead Christ
1839. Works : Roman Woman at the Well, in the Arms of Nicode-
Maria 1'Ortolana, King Lear and Cordelia i /\ mus in the lunette of
- (1854), Hamburg Gallery St.
Ce- ;
, the great portal of S.
ci ^ a Resurrection (1851); Albanian I . Petronius, Bologna. He
J5T '

Shepherd Family (1835) ;

Roman , U ) / showed signs of insan-
ty-V
* Shepherd Boy, Ave Maria, Portrait rfl
'
l1 I
*^ toward the close of
'

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., 306. his Among his

of Jenny Liud. ii.
{
life.

ASKEVOLD, ANDERS MONSSEN, born works are : Adoration

in Parish of Askevold, Bergen, Norway, Dec. of Shepherds, Berlin
25, 1834. Landscape and animal painter, V Museum Rape of Sa-;

pupil of Reusch in Bergen, and in 1855, of \Q

*
bines, Madrid Museum;
Gude in Diisseldorf. Spent four years in . Madonna and Saints,
Paris after 1860. Studio at Bergen. His fy\ Lucca Gallery. His
favourite subjects are the Norwegian moun- brother, Guido Asper-
tain pastures the figures in them are less
;
\ tini, painted an Adora-
successful than the cattle, which he repre- tion of the Magi, Bo-
sents with rare truthfulness. Meyer, Kiiust. logna Gallery. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 575 ;

Lex., ii. 329. Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ix. 4, 84 ;

ed. Mil., v.

ASPER, HANS, born in Zurich in 1499, 179; Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., ii. 337; Ch.
died March 21, 1571. German school his- Blanc, Ecole bolonaise Gualandi, Mem., ; ;

tory and portrait painter, held in much re- 1st Series, 33 2d do., 9, 11 3d do., 178. ; ;

pute by his fellow citizens, and elected ASSCHE, HENRI VAN, born in Brus-
member of the great council, in 1545. Of sels, Aug. 30, 1774, died there, April 10,
his numerous facade decorations but one, a 1841. Landscape painter, first instructed
lion with shield 011 theKyborg Castle door, by his father, an amateur artist, then pupil
has been preserved. His portraits are ear- of J. B. de Roy visited Italy, Holland, ;

nest and careful, though dry and uninterest- Germany, and Switzerland painted espe- ;

ing. Works Portraits of Zwingli and cially waterfalls with great skill. Mem-
:

Daughter, City Library, Zurich ; r -r. ber of Ghent, Brussels, Antwerp, and Am-
three portraits (1538), Artists' Asso- sterdam Academies. Several medals. Or-
}/T\
ciation, Zilrich three do. in a pri-
;
der of Leopold, 1836. Works : Storm
vate collection at Solothurn. Meyer, Ktinst. (1805), Antwerp Museum ;
Falls at Toccai,
Lex., i. W. & W., ii. 484.
331 ;
View of a Mill, Brussels Mu- Switzerland,
ASPERTINI, AMICO, born in Bologna seum
View near Brussels during Storm, ;

about 1475, died in 1552. Bolognese school Bruges Museum Rhine View, Falls near ; ;

probably pupil of Ercole Roberti Grandi and Rochefort, Haarlem Museum. His niece and
Lorenzo Costa. Was a very rapid painter, who pupil, Isabella v. A. (bom in Brussels, Nov.
 ASSEI.T

23, 1794) was also a good landscape painter, Genoa, and |

in 1639 went to Rome ;
after Ins
won first prize by Ghent Academy
return painted chiefly frescos in 182'J.
was in his ;

Work View of Boitsfort near Brussels, time the best {winter in Genoa. Meyer,
:

National Gallery, Amsterdam. Biog. nat Kiinst. Lex., ii. 351 Lavice, Musvcs dltalic, ;

de Belgique, i. 500 Messager des Sciences, 114.

;
!

etc. (1841), 293 ; Meyer, KOnsL Lex., ii. 344. ASSISI, ANDREA D . See Inyegno.
ASSELT, JOHANNES VAN DER, flour- ASSMUS, ROBERT, bom at Stuhm,
ished 13G4-1386, at Ghent. Flemish school West Prussia, Dec. 25, ; 1K42. Landscape
the earliest Flemish painter whose name is painter studied from
!

; nature and after

known to us. Employed by Louis de Male, Calamc went to Berlin ; in 1H59, and was
Count of Flanders afterward by Philip the much impressed by the
; works of Trogon
Hardy, of Burgundy. Probably painted the and Lessing. Supported himself by work-
frescos in the chapel of Notre Dame, Cour- ing for illustrated papers, until after the
trai, fulllengths of the Counts of Flanders war of 1870-71, when lie took up
landscape-
since Philip d 'Alsace, now greatly injured. painting, settled in Munich, visited Upper
Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., ii. 347 C. & C., Flem- Italy, Hungary, the B:iltic Sea, Switzerland,
;

ish Painters, 12. etc., and published an illustrated work.

ASSELYX (Asseliu), JAN, called Kralv Alsace-Lorraine, which was most favourably
betje, born at received. Works : The Gemmi Pass, Wood
D i e pen in Lake, View near Stuttgart, Village in the
1010, died in Carpathian Mountains, Aussee, Landscape
Amsterdam in in Lorraine, On the Banks of the AVcichsel,
16GO. Dutch Evening, Windmills in a Storm. Meyer,
school ;
laud- Kflnst. Lex., ii. 354 Midler, 19. ;

scape painter, ASSUMPTION (Fr. Assomption, ItiiL

pupil of Esaias Assunzione, Sp. Asuncion, Ger. Maria Him-
van de Velde ; melfahrt), the ascension to Heaven of the
resided in Virgin after death, according to the legend
Rome from of the Latin and (Jreek churches.
1G30 to 1645, Bv Fra Bartoiommeo, Besam/on Cathedral,
where he was France. The Virgin and Child on a throne
influenced by carried by Angels in clouds below, left, ;

Jan Miel and Pieter van Laar. Works SS. John Baptist, Sebastian, and Stephen : ;

View of the Tiber, Landscape with Travel- right, the patron Jean Carondelet, knee-ling,
lers, and two other pictures, Louvre Swan and behind him St. Bernard and another
;

Defending her Nest, Landscape, National aiint. Of the master's best time. Placed

Gallery, Amsterdam ;
Italian Landscape, first by Jean Carondelet, archbishop of Pa-
^~7\ Brussels Museum
Ruined Cas- lermo, in
;
his family chapel in S. Ktienne,
/ I tie, Munich Gallery Woman and Besam;on ; ;
after his death (1544) cnme into
J-4 '
England. cathedral. C. <k C., Italy, iii. 477.
Cattle, Sir Th. Baring,

^J A I

Meyer,
- Kugler
(Crowe),
Kiinst. Lex., ii.
ii.

348
445
Ch.
By Fra liart<ilvmm<-<>, Naples Museum
wood, arched, figures life size. The Virgin,
;
;

on the head
;

Blanc, ficole hollandaise. rising to heaven, rests one foot

ASSERETO GIOVACCHINO, of a little angel whose hands ore crossed
(Axareto),
born in Genoa, about 1600, died there, July under his chin below, SS. John and Cath- ;

the latter holding a

28, 1649. Pupil of Luziano Borzone and of erine of Alexandria,
Ansaldo. From his sixteenth year he painted palm, kneel at her tomb, which is filled with
Painted in 151G for S. M. in Cas-
ultarpieces for churches and monasteries
in flowers.
]

73
 ASSUMPTION
tello, Prato ;
on suppression of church sold Virgin in glory above, with an angel choir ;

for six scudi to Giulio Porini, chancellor of below, the Apostles around the tomb a ,

Florence ; sold by him to an Englishman in Roman sarcophagus near a ruined temple.

Florence, who transferred it to Mr. Milton Painted for the chapel of S. Rocco, Reggio ;

for 150 zecchini the latter disposed of it removed to Este Gallery, and thence to
;

to Pius VI. for 3000 Roman crowns disap- Dresden. Engraved by J. Camerata. Gal.
;

peared from Rome at time of invasion, and Roy. de Dresde, i. PI. 19.
long supposed to be lost. Vasari, ed. Mil., By Correggio, Cathedral of Parma fresco ;

iv. 193 Marchese,;

ii. 117 C. & C., Italy, on; ceiling of cupola. The Virgin, borne
iii. 470 Lavice, 200.
;
aloft on luminous clouds by numberless an-

By Sandro Botticelli, National Gallery, gels, is received in the heavens by the Arch-
London canvas, H. 12
;
ft.3 in. x 7 ft. 5 angel Gabriel and by joyous groups of an-
in. Below, the Apostles round the tomb of gels and saints below, within a parapet, ;

the Virgin, with the donor and his wife, which appears to form an encircling socle to
and views of Florence and Pistoja in back- the dome, are the Apostles, standing be-
ground above, the Coronation of the Vir- tween the windows, mostly in groups of
;

gin, and below that three circles in the sky, two behind them are genii holding cande- ;

each formed of ^three rows of figures the labra, swinging censers, and pouring per-
Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Evangelists, fumes in the four divisions of the dome, ;

Martyrs, Confessors, Doctors, Virgins, and borne on clouds by genii, stand the four
Hierarchs. Painted for S. Pietro Maggi- patron saints of Parma, John Baptist, '

ore, Florence, on commission of Matteo Thomas, Hilary, and Bernard. Vasari, ed.
Palmieri, who gave the whole scheme for Mil., iv. Ill Heaton, Correggio, 166. ;

the work. Vasari says the painter and his By Guercino, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
patron were charged with heresy, and the The Madonna surrounded by angels rises on
work was interdicted and covered from view. a cloud to heaven, with her eyes raised.
Hamilton Palace sale (1882), -4777 10s. Below her the Apostles stand round an
Waagen, Art Treasures, iii. 296 Vasari, ed. empty tomb adorned with a bas relief.
;

Mil., 314. Painted in 1623 at Bologna for Alessandro

By Agostiuo Carracci, Bologna Gallery Tanari. Considered one of the painter's
;

canvas, H. 10 ft. 2 in. x G ft. 1 in. The masterpieces. Amorinici, Vita di Franc.
Virgin in glory, upheld by angels below, Barbieri, 44. ;

the Apostles around the tomb. Formerly By Guido Reni, Munich Gallery silk ;

in S. Salvatore, Bologna carried to Paris cloth, H. 9 ft. x 6

; 4 in. The Virgin,
ft.

in 1796 returned to Bologna in 1815. with outstretched arms, standing upon

;

Engraved by Mitelli G. Wagner G. Asioli. clouds, upborne and surrounded by angels,

; ;

Pinac. di Bologna, PL 64 Landon, Mu- is rising heavenward in a glory of light.

;

see, ii. PI. 40. The best example of Guide's manner of

By Auuibale Carracci, Bologna Gallery ; treating the theme. Jameson.
canvas, H. 7 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. The Virgin By Andrea Mantegna, Trivulzi Gallery, Mi-
in the clouds, borne up and surrounded
by lan canvas, figures life size signed, dated ; ;

angels ; below, the

disciples around the 1497. The Virgin and Child in an ellip-
empty tomb gazing upward in wonder and j
ticalglory in the sky, above a landscape ;
awe. From the suppressed church of S. at the sides, SS. John Baptist, Romualdo,
Francesco, Bologna. Engraved by Mitelli ;
and a bishop three boy angels in front.
;

Rosaspina. Pinac. di Bologna, PI. 9. Dimmed by repeated varuishings. C. & C.,

ByAunibale Carracci, Dresden Gallery N. Italy, i/409. ;

canvas, H. 13 ft. 6 in. x 8 ft. 8 in. The By Murillo, Alfred Fletcher, Allerton

74
 ASSI'MI'TION

Hall, Liverpool, Eng ; canvas, H. 8 ft. x 5 works. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. Mt\ C. Si C.,
ft. 4 in. The Virgin soars upward, with her N. Italy, iii. 207.
left hand raised sis cherubs at her feet ;
By Pietro 1'eruginn, Florence Academy ;

and many heads above seven Apostles wood, arched, H. 13 ft, 4 in. x 7 ft 9 in.
; ;

around sarcophagus, which contains a white signed, dated 1500. The Virgin seated in
rose. Formerly in Capuchin Convent, clouds, surrounded by seraphs and a choir
Genoa bought at Walsh;

Porter sale (1810), 730.

Curtis, 140.
By Muri/ln, Earl of
Northbrook, London can- ;

vns, octagonal, 1 ft. 1 in.

x 1 ft. 1 in. The Virgin

upborne ou clouds ;
be-
low, the twelve Apostles
and two Marys around
the open tomb. Stirling,
iii. 1419 ; Waagen, Treas-
ures, ii. 181
Curtis, 139.
;

By Murillo, Sir Kichard

Wallace, Bart., London ;

canvas, about 2 ft. (5 in. x 2

ft. The Virgin seated ou
clouds, surrounded by
cherubs below, the sar-;

cophagus, with the three

Marys kneeling behind it;
fiveApostles on left, and
seven on right. From
Stowe collection. Curtis,
140 ; Waageu, Treasures,
ii. 153.

By
Murillo, Hermitage,
St. Petersburg canvas, ;

H. G ft. 6 in. x 4 ft. 9 in.

The Virgin, standing on
clouds, with right hand
outstretched below, thir- ;

teen cherubs above, ten ;

heads. From Houghton

/-i n i i . ,
Assumption, Rubtni, Antwerp Cathedral.
Gallery; appraised at 700
when Lord Orford's pictures were sold to of angels playing instruments above, the |
;

Empress of Russia. Engraved by Val. Eternal, with seraphs and angels below, ;

Greene in 1766. Curtis, 140 Cat. Hermi- Cardinal S. Bernardo degli Uberti, S. Gio. ;

tage, 130. (iualberto, St. Benedict, and Archangel

By Cappella Rabatta, Michael.
Pietro Peruyino, Painted for church at Vallom-
SS. Annunziata de' Servi, Florence, painted brosa removed to Academy in 1810 on ;

about 1502. Not one of the master's best suppression of monastery by the French
 ASSUMPTION
government. One of Perugiuo's best -works. above, the Saviour welcoming her with open
Engraved by F. Livy. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. arms below, the Apostles and holy women
;

577 ;
C. & C., arcmnd the tomb. Formerly in Notre Dame
Italy, iii. 215 ;
Gall, dell'

Acead. di Firenze, PI. 51. de la Chapelle, Brussels. Engraved by P.

By Nicholas Poussin, Louvre canvas, H. Pontius, Masson. Smith, ii. 61.
;

1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 4 in. The Virgin stand- By Rubens, Vienna Museum wood, H. ;

ing, her eyes upraised and arms extended,

14 ft. 6 in. x 9 ft. 8 in. The Virgin ascending,
is sustained on clouds by four angels be- accompanied by a vast company of angels ; ;

low, a vast plain with a city's towers in dis- below, the Apostles surrounding the tomb,
tance. Pciinted in 1650 for M. de Mauroy,
Ambassador of France at Rome ; passed
thence to crown. Engraved by J. Pesne ;

Bettelini
G. Duquey Laugier (1815) P. ; ;

in Musee Franc;ais Annedouche. ; Kcveil, i.

15 ; Filhol, viii. 5C1 ; Landon, iii. 60.

By Girolamo Ilomanino, S. Alessandro,

Bergamo ; canvas, arched, life size. The
Virgin ascending amidst angels above, the ;

Eternal below, the Apostles around the

;

tomb. Painted about 1525-30. C. & C.,

N. Italy, ii. 389.

ByRubens, Antwerp Cathedral wood, ;

arched, H. 13 ft. 6 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. The Virgin,

ascending seated on clouds, surrounded by
a host of angels, some of whom bear the
skirt of her robe and mantle, while others
have wreaths and palms in their hands, and
two are soaring to place a chaplet on her
head ; below, the Apostles and three wo-
men, assembled at the deserted tomb, which
stands in front of the open sepulchre. Car-
ried off by the French and placed in the
Louvre, whence returned in 1815. En-
graved by Bolswert. Smith, ii. 6.

By Rubens, Brussels Museum canvas, H. ;

17 ft. 2 in. x 10 ft. 11 in. The Virgin as-

Assumption, Andrea del Sarto, Palazzo
cending, with twelve angels floating among Pitti, Florence.

the clouds beneath her and many cherubim at the side of which are three women, two
above ; below, the Apostles and holy women of whom are showing flowers taken off the
visiting the deserted tomb. Painted for winding sheet, while Mary Magdalen leans
Cathedral of Notre Dame, Brussels, but, be- on the shoulder of one of them. Bought at
ing found too small, bought by Jesuits for Antwerp in 1774, with another picture, for
their church. Carried to France returned 18,000 florins. Smith, ii. 88. ;

in 1815 and placed in Museum. Engraved By Andrea del Sarto, Madrid Museum ;

by Bolswert, Loemans. Smith, ii. 20. wood, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 4 ft. 5 in. Bought for
Rubens, Munich Gallery canvas, H.
By ; 230 from collection of Charles I. of England,
13 1 in. x 8 ft. 9 in.
ft. The Virgin as- and sent by Philip IV. to Escorial, whence
cending, attended by numerous angels brought to Museum. Cat. Museo del Prado. ;
 ASSUMPTION
By Andrea del Sarto, tomb, half leaning on an angel
Pal. Pitti, Florence; from tlie ;
'

wood, arched, H. 12 ft. 1 in. x

a circle of cherubs and angeln.
fi ft. 11 in. above,
The Virgin seated in clouds surrounded by Once a noble picture, but now ruined by ;

angels below, the Apos-

;

tles grouped around the

sepulchre in front, kneel-

;

ing, a female saint and.

Saint Nicholas of Ban.
Painted about 1526 for H.
Antonio del Poggio, Cor-
tona, whence taken to Flor-
ence in 1G39 by Ferdinand
H Vasari, ed" Mil., v. 34 ;

C. & C., Italy, iii. 578.

By Andrea del Sarto,

Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

wood, arched, H. 11 ft. 10

in.x G ft. 7 in. The Virgin
seated in clouds surround-
ed by angels below, the ;

Apostles urouud the open

tomb. The Apostle in
front, looking at the spec-
tator, is Andrea himself.
Ordered by Bartolommeo
but left unfin-
Panciatichi,
ished by Andrea at his
death (1531). Acquired
for the Pitti by Grand
" A
Duke Pietro Leopoldo.
masterpiece for lightness,
aerial perspective, and fin-

ish "(C. feC.). Engraved

by Paradisi. Vasari, ed.
Mil., v. 33 ; C. & C., Italy,
iii. 577; Gal. du Pal. Pitti,
iii. PI. 115.

By Saxsoferralo, Louvre ;

canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in. x 2

ft. 10 in. The Virgin, in
a glory, standing upon
clouds, her hands joined,
and eyes raised below, ;

three cherubs' heads, and,

Au mp tion, TO.
on each side, three others placed symmetri- restoration. Raskin, Stones of Venice, iii.

cally. Villot, Cat. Louvre. I

332.
Cathedral of Verona canva
By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Ven- By Titian, :

life size.
ice; canvas. The Madonna ascending arched on top, figures in foreground

77
 ASSUNZIONE
The Virgin sitting in light on the clouds C.
& C., Titian, i. 211; Kugler (Eastlake),
above the tomb, around which the Apostles ii. 534 Klas. der Malerei, i. PI. 58 Burck- ; ;

are grouped gazing upward St. Thomas hardt, 716 ; Lavice, 464 Viardot, 331. ; ;

catches her girdle as it falls. Painted in Subject treated also by Moretto, Brera,
,

1543 carried to France close of last cen- Milan Pinturicchio, Naples Museum Ru-
;
{
; ;

tury and returned in 1815. C. & C., Titian, bens, Palazzo Coionna, Koine, Liechtenstein
ii. 69 Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 229 Vasori, ed. Gallery, Vienna; Palma Vecchio, Venice Acad-
; ;

Mil., vii. 445 Burckhardt, 720

; Landon, emy Taddeo Bartoli, Berlin Museum Fra
; ; ;

Musee, viii. PI. 11. Bartolommeo (attributed), Berlin Museum,

By Venice Academy wood, arched
Titian, ;
Earl of Warwick ;
Francisco de Ribalta,
at top,22 ft. 8 in. X 11 ft. 9 in. signed. The ;
Valencia Museum Ambrogio Borgognone,
;

Virgin, with hands upraised and eyes

turned Brera, Milan Paolo Veronese, Venice Acad-
;

towards heaven, from which the Eternal wel- emy; Giovanni Moroni, Brera, Milan Tin- ;

comes her with outstretched arms, is ascend- toretto, Gesuiti, Venice Giorgio Vasari, Ba- ;

dia, Florence Domenico ;

Ghirlaudajo, S. M. Novella,
Florence ; Bernardo Po-
cetti, S. FelicitA, ib.
ASSUNZIONE. See As-
sumption.
AST, BALTHAZAR VAN
DER, first half of 17th cen-
tury, died at Delft after
1650. Dutch school ;
still-

lifepainter, master of St.

Luke's guild at Utrecht in
1619 and still living there
in Works: Apple
1629.
Blossoms with Insects,
Fruit-pieces (2), Berlin
Museum Fruit-piece, ;

Dresden Gallery Others ;

Burial of Atala, Girodet de Roussy, Louvre.

in Amalienstift, Dessau
ing attended by a swarm of cherubs and and Gotha Gallery. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
angels arranged in a circle of clouds around ii. 3.55.
her ; below, the Apostles, in shadow, are ASTRONOMERS, Giorgione. See Chal-
grouped around the tomb, gazing upward dean Sages.
with awe-stricken faces. Painted in 1516-18 ASTRONOMY, Eapliael, Camera della
for the high altar of S. M. dei Frari, Venice, Segnatura, Vatican fresco, on ceiling. Fe-
;

where it was
exposed to public view,
first male figure, leaning over a celestial globe,
March 20, 1518. So dimmed even in the gazing at the planets on each side a little
;

16th century by candle-smoke and other genius holding a tablet. Painted in 1511.
causes that Vasari says it could scarcely be Passavant, ii. 90 Muntz, 349. ;

seen. The French did not think it worth ATALA, BURIAL OF,
Girodet de Roussy,
carrying to Pai'is. Since removal to Acad- Louvre canvas, H. 6 ft. 10 in. x 8 ft. 9 in. ;

emy, somewhat injured by cleaning and ex- Scene from Chateaubriand's Atala (Genie du
tensive repainting in lower part upper part christianisme). At the entrance to a grotto,
;

fairly preserved. Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 436; Chactas and Father Aubry are about to Jay

78
 ATA LA NT A
in a grave, which they have dug, the body Said by Pliny (xxrv. 40 [134]) to Iwvo been
of Atalo, whose hands, joined upon her compared to Nicias and even preferred to
breast, hold a cross. Salon, 1808 acquired him by some.
; He was more sombre in his
in 1818, with Endymion and the Deluge, for colouring than Nicias, yet more
pleasing.
50,000 fr. Engraved by Roger ;
R
U. Mas- Among his works were, at Eleusis a Phyl-
sard. Re' veil, i. 5. archus, and at Athens a Synzenicon (family
ATALANTA AND MELEAGER, Itubens, group) ; Ulysses Detecting Achilles in Fe-
Madrid Museum ; canvas, H. 5 ft. 1 in. x 8 male Costume and Groom Leading a Horse,
;

ft. Atalauta and Meleager participat- which contributed more to his fame than
6 in.
ing in the chase of the Calydonian boar any other of his pictures. Pliny adds that
;

background a woody landscape. Collection if Atheuion had not died young, no one
of Philip IV. Mndrazo, Cat. Madrid Mus. would have been comparable to him.
ATALANTA'S RACE, Edward J. Poyn- Brunn, ii. 294.

March of Attiia, Raphael, Stanza d'EliodOto, Vatican.

ter. Atalanta, when her father desired her ATHENS, SCHOOL OF. See School of
to marry, made it a condition that each of Athens.
her suitors should contend with her in a ATTILA, MARCH OF, Kapharl, Stanza
be put to death in case she con- d'Eliodoro, Vatican fresco. Attiia, King of
footrace, to ;

quered him. Milauion, who had received the Huns, marching with his savage hordes
three golden apples from Venus, dropped towards Rome, is met by SS. Peter and Paul,
I

them one after the other and as Atalanta patrons of the holy .city, who appear in the
,

stopped to pick them up, won the race. clouds, sword in hand this so terrifies
At- ;

Academy, 1876. Engraved by JouberL tiia (on the black horse in the middle) that
F.
ATHENA (Minerva), pictures. See An- he submits to the terms of Leo L (portrait
tiphilus, Cleanthes, Fabullus. of Leo X. ), who is on a white horse at the
ATHENION, Greek painter, of Maronea left, surrounded by his retinue. Runted in
in Thrace, pupil of Glauciou of Corinth. 1540 in allusion to the expulsion of the
;

TO
 AUBERT
'

French from Italy. Studies in Louvre and Works : The Siesta, Interior of a Stable,
at Oxford. Bern- Interior of a Courtyard, Farm at Treport
Engraved by Volpato ;
S.
ard P. Anderloiii
;
F. Coliguon. ; Vasari, (1874) Men of the Reserve in a Barrack ;

ed. Mil., iv., 347; Miintz, 366 Passavant, i. at Cherbourg (1879) Selene (1879) Meet-
; ; ;

146 Springer, 204 Kugler (Eastlake), ii. ing of Henri III. and the Due de Guise
; ;

435 Gruyer, Fresques, 215 Perkins. 135. (1880)

; Inhaling Room
;
at Mont-Dore ;

AUBERT, AUGUSTIN RAYMOND, born (1881) Dancing Dervishes at Scutari (1882) ; ;

in Marseilles, Jan. 23, 1781, died there, Nov. On the Beach, Treport (1883); Nero Poison- j

5, 1857. History, portrait, and landscape ing Slaves

!

(1876), St. FJienne Museum ;

painter pupil of Guenin at Marseilles, and

; Esqui Djamlidja Broussa (1884) ;
Bathing
of Peyron in Paris. In 1804 returned to Time at Treport (1885).
Marseilles, and in 1810, was made director AUBRY, fiTIENNE, in Versailles, bom
of the school of drawing and of the Museum Jan. 10, 1745, died in Paris, July 21, 1781. ;

in 1845 he retired to his country seat near Portrait and genre painter, pupil of J. G.
Marseilles, where he died. Exercised much Silvestre and Joseph Vien. Member of the
influence upon art in his native city and Academy in 1775. His genre paintings of
educated a number of able pupils. "\Vorks :
*-* .. I 1779 show an incli-
Noah's Sacrifice (1817), Marseilles Museum nat i n to imitate
Visit of the Virgin to S. Elizabeth (1822),
;

CL J\ lArV^y
J
Glorification of Christ (1838), Annunciation ^^ Greuze.
title
Bore the
of painter to the
(1827), Martyrdom of St. Paul (1836), king. Portrait of the Artist, Louvre. Mey-
Church of St. Paul, Beauvais. Meyer, er, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 378; Wurzbach, Fr.
Kiinst. Lex., ii. 371. Maler d. xviii. J., 40.
AUBERT, ERNEST JEAN, born in Paris, AUDEN-AERD (Audenaerde, Oude-
in 1824. Genre painter, pupil of Paul De- naerde), ROBERT VAN, born in Ghent,
laroche and in engraving of Martinet. Won
Sept. 20, 1663, died there, June 3, 1743.
the prix de Rome for engraving in 1844, Flemish school
history and portrait painter, ;

and lived five years in Italy. Devoted him- pupil of Frans van Mierop and of Jan van
self chiefly to engraving until 1853, when he
Cleef, then of Carlo Maratti in Rome, where
turned his attention to lithography and for many years he was
employed by his
afterward to painting. Medals for painting
patron, Cardinal Barbarigo returned to
:
;

3d class, 1861; 2d class, 1878. Works: Ghent in 1723, after an absence of thirty-
Confidence (1861) Martyrs under Diocle- eight years. Works Abbot and his Canons
; :

tian (1863) ; Youth (1865) Early Breakfast in Chapter, Assumption (1725), Museum,
;

(1867) ; Broken Thread (1872) ;

At the Ghent Assumption, St. ; Nicholas', ib.;
Fountain (1875) ; Coming Love (1877) Le Martyrdom of St. Catherine,
; St. James', ib. ;

Christ among the Doctors, Petit-Beguinage,

ib. Biog. nat. Belgique, i. 535; Meyer,
JEAN Kiinst. Lex., ii. 383.
AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, born in
Louisiana, May 4, 1780, died in New York,
barde Hyvarnion et Ravanone (1883) Menu Animal painter ; studied Jan. 27, 1851. ;

de 1'Amour (1884) Aurora Cools the Wings under David in Paris in 1795 or '96. Made
;

of Love (1885). many expeditions down the Ohio and in

AUBLET, ALBERT, born in Paris ;
con- Florida to sketch birds visited Europe ;

temporary. History and portrait painter ; again 1826 and 1832; published, in
in
pupil of Jacquaud and of Gerome. Medals : 1828-44 his " Birds of America " and his
3d 1880; 2d 1883.
class, class, Munich, "Ornithological Biography," the former il-

80
 AUERBACH
and coloured from his own draw- to fill a hole in sand with water taken from
lustrated

ings. He
projected also a work on the sea in a shell According to the legend, the
"Quadrupeds of America," which was child said he was going to empty the sea
finished by The into the hole. "Impossible," said the Bish-
his sons after his death.
New York owns many of op.
Historical Society "No more impossible," replied the
Audubon's original drawings his Covey of child, " than for you to explain the Trinity,
;

Blackcock and Canada Otter were in Phila- on which you are meditating." Louis
delphia Exhibition, in 187G. Mrs. Audubon, Philippe sale, 680. Same
subject by San-
Memoir (New York, 1869). chez Coello in Escorial, Guercino in Madrid
AUERBACH, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, Museum, and Garofalo in National Gallery
bornatMulhausen, Thuringia, Oct. 28, 1697, of London fresco attributed to Raphael in ;

died in Vienna, Aug. 3, 1753. German Vatican. Curtis, 219 Cat. Nat Gal. Stir- ; ;

school portrait painter, from about 1716 in ling.

;

Vienna, where he became court painter in By Murillo, George Tomline, Orwell Park,
1735 and member of the Academy in 1750. Suffolk, England ; full-length, life size. The
Works : Portrait of Charles VI.
Portrait of Saint, in a robe lined with red, kneels in
;

Prince Eugene, Vienna ;

Museum
do. Salz- ecstasy before a flaming heart which ap-
dalum Gallery. Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., ii. 43(5. pears in clouds, with an inscription ; on
AUGUIN, LOUIS AUGUSTIN, born in the floor, three books, a mitre, and a cro-
Rochefort, in 1824. Landscape painter, zier. Painted about 1678 for Convent of
pupil of Jules Coignet and Corot settled S. Augustine, Seville taken to Paris by
; ;

in Bordeaux and has exhibited, since Marshal Soult, who sold it about 1846 to
1846, many landscapes of poetic character. Mr. Tomliue. Dr. Waagen calls it the finest
Medals Vienna (1873) Paris, 3d class
at ; single figure he knew by the master. Copy
(1880); 2d class (1884). Works: Fields in Cadiz Museum. Waagen, Treasures, iii.
around Saintonge, June Day (1872) Evening ; 441 Curtis, 218.
;

in the Valley (1873) Height of Aleucoh,

;
By Murillo, Seville Museum wood, H. ;

Banks of the Bramerie (1876) Dunes of ; 8 ft 3 in. x 4 ft. 4 in. The Saint, seated
Montalivet (1883) Summer Day at Grande
; behind a table, holding a pen over an open
Cote (1884). Meyer, Kflnst. Lex., ii. 438. book, beholds a vision of the Trinity, above
AUGUSTIN, JEANBAPTISTE JACQUES, on his right, in a glory of cherubs and
born in SainlxDie, Lorraine, Aug. 15, 1759, heads. Painted about 1678 for Convent of
died in Paris, April 13, 1832. As a painter S. Augustine, Seville companion to above. ;

of portraits, in miniature, of the most emi- Curtis, 217.

nent persons of his time, he attained a By Murillo, Seville Museum ; wood, H.
European reputation, and educated a great 8 ft 3 in. x 4 ft 4 in. The Saint, in
number of meritorious artists. In 1819 the habit of the Order of St Benedict,
was appointed first painterkneeling, presents to Infant Jesus, seated
to the king.
Exhibited at on lap of Virgin, a flaming heart which
Paris from 1791 to 1831.
Works Two portraits of Napoleon, Portrait the Child transfixes with a dart above,
: ;

of Louis XVIEL, two female portraits (1815 cherubs and heads. Painted about 1678
and 1824), Sir Richard Wallace, Augustine, near the Car-
London. for Convent of S.

Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., ii. 440. Gate, Seville, which was suppressed
mona
AUGUSTINE, ST., Murillo, Joseph T. at the beginning of this century. C. Ber-
Mills, Rugby, Warwickshire canvas, H. 5 mudez, ii. 60 Carta, 96
;
Ponz, Viage, is. ; ;

ft. 10 in. x
4 ft 5 in. The Saint, in bishop's 135 Curtis, 217. ;

robes, with mitre and crook, stands on sea- AUGUSTUS AND THE FRIENDS OF
who trying VIRGIL, liaphael, Camera
shore conversing with a child is della Segnatura,
 ATTROEA
Vatican ; picture in grisaille, under the Par- and effect. Engraved by P. Pozzi (1880).
nassus, at right. Emperor Augustus pre- Burckhardt, 773.
venting the friends of Virgil, Tucca and AURORA, Guido Reni, Palazzo Rospigli-
Varius, from burning the MS. of the .ZEneid, osi, Rome fresco, on the ceiling of the gar-
;

Aurora, Guercino, Palazzo Ludovisi, Rom

as the poet had directed ;

on right, eight den pavilion. Aurora precedes Phoebus,
other figures. Painted in 1511. Passavant, who, sitting in a chariot drawn by horses,
ii. 91. is attended by the Hours,
graceful figures
AURORA, Guercino, Palazzo Ludovisi, varied in action. Best work of the master
Rome. Painted on the ceiling of a casino for composition and color. Engraved by
in the gardens of the villa. Apollo seated J. Frey R. Morghen C.
Pasqualiui ; ; ;

in a car dragged above the clouds by heavy Preisel. Ch. Blanc, licole bolonaise Kug- ;

mottled horses, is surrounded by the Hours. ler (Eastlake), ii. 489 Lavice, 383. ;

Aurora, Guido Reni, Palazzo Rospigliosi, Rome.

The fresco resembles that of the same sub- AUSTERLITZ, BATTLE OF,
1

Gerard,
ject by Guido at the Palazzo Rospigliosi, Versailles Museum
!

fought, Dec. ; 2, 1805.

but is inferior to it in composition, color, ;
Scene : Gen. Rapp, wounded, gallops to an-
 AUTEIIOCIIE
nounce to the Emperor, who is seated on 1824, to Florence in 1826, but returned to
his horse surrounded by his staff and by offi- Rome, and thence to Paris. Was associate
cers of the enemy made prisoners, the de- of the Institute, officer of the Legion of
feat of the Russian Imperial Guard. Painted Honour, and knight of the Order of St
in 1808: Salon, 1810. Engraved by Blanch- Michael Works: Jealousy of (Enone, 8t
ard. Landon, Musee, Salon de 1810, PI. ;
Louis Captive, Banquet of Damoclea, SL
37-40 Gal. de Versailles, iv. No. 797.
;
Paul in Athens (1827) Sacrifice of Guutier
;
j

AUTEROCHE, ALFRED, born in Paris \

de ChatUlon (1827), Cambrai Museum ;

in 1831. Landscape and animal painter Spartan Fugitive, Raising of Pepin the Short
;

pupil of Brascassat and of L. Cogniet. to the Throne, Mcleager's Death, Valen-

Works Cattle (Wm. Astor, N. Y.), Large ciennes Museum. Meyer, Kflnst Lex.,
:
j

Oak, Pasture on Coast of Nonnandy (1868) ii. 452 Lejeune, iii. 14.; ;

Pasture near Trouville, Little Shepherdess AUZOU, PAULINE, born in Paris, March
!

(1874) Ravine of MandaUles, The Prairie 24, 1775, died there, May 15, 1835. History
;

(1879) Brood Mares (1880)

; Dogs and and portrait painter ; pupil of Regnault, ex-
;

Sheep in South Jersey (1882). celled especially in female portraits first ;

j

AUTISSIER, LOUIS MARIE, bom in exhibited at Salon in 1793. Early subjects

Vannes, Brittany, Feb. 8, 1772, died in taken from Greek history. Works Arrival :

Brussels, Sept. 4, 1830. Studied with of Marie Louise in Cotnptegne (1810), Mario
j

Vautrin, and at fourteen by himself from Louise Taking Leave of her Family, Versailles
Served two years in the army, Gallery ; Agnes de Mlranie (1808) Diana
!

nature. ;

then went to Paris and afterwards to Brus- of France and Montmorency (1814); Por-
sels, where he painted miniatures, and to traits of Volney (1795), Regnault (1800),
Holland. In 1817 he painted William L, Picard the Elder (1806). Meyer, KOimL
of the Netherlands exhibited at Lex., ii. 454.
King ;

Paris in 1820-22. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii.. AVALOS, ALFONSO D', ALLEGORY
449.
AUTOBOLUS, painter. See Olympian.
AUTOMEDON, Henri Itegnault, S. A.

Coale, Jr., St. Louis, Mo.; canvas, H. 10 ft

4 in. x 10 ft. 9 in. Automedou, charioteer
of Achilles, nude, struggling with the horses
of Achilles, Xanthus (chestnut)
and Balius
(piebald), when about to yoke them to the

chariot for the use of Patroclus (II. xvi.).

Painted in Rome, 18G7 bought by L. P.
;

Morton, N. Y.; sold in 1882 to Mr. Coale

for $5,900. Placed in 1884 on exhibition in
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and will prob-
in Art
ably remain there. Photogravure
Treasures of America, iii. 121.
AUTUMN, N. Poussin. See Spies, Re-
turn of the.
AUVRAY, JOSEPH FF.UX HENRI,
died
born at Cambrai, March 31, 1800,
D'Avlo, Titian, Lou.
Alltgory of Alfonso
there,
ULKU.UJ kjcuu
Sept. 11,
J-x, 1833.
j.jw. *"*j painter;
History j __ 1/4, o /i

pupil of Valenciennes Academy and, in OF, TOwn, Louvre canvas, ;

Gros (1820); went to Rome in 6 in. The Marquia del Vasto,

Paris, of 1
 AVALOS
armour, about to go against the Turks, Not to be confounded with his contemporary
parting from his wife, Mary of Aragon, but Jacopo degli Avanzii of Bologna. Worked
consoled by Victory, Love, and Hymen. at Verona and Padua, where he assisted
Painted about 1533 from collection of Altichiero da Zevio in painting the frescos
;

Louis XIV. Engraved by Natalis and Oort- of the Chapel of S. Giorgio, and himself
man. Variations of the subject in Vienna painted the frescos of S. Michele, Padua,
Museum. Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 442 C. & ;
which correspond in technic, though in-
C., Titian, i. 373 Filhol., x. PL 711
; Vil- ;
ferior in composition. To the same paint-
lot, Cat. Louvre Miindler, 210 Ch. Blanc,
; ; er, who, with Altichiero, propagated the Gi-
Ecole venitienne. ottesque style in the north of Italy, may be
AVALOS, ALFONSO D', ALLOCUTION attributed the fresco fragments of the Tri-
OF, Titian, Madrid Museum canvas, H. 7 ft. umph of Marius in the Hall of the Em-
;

4 in. x 5 ft 5 in. The Marquis del Vasto, peror, now Library, Padua. Meyer, Ktinst.
in armour and a red mantle, with a baton Lex., ii. 454; Schuaase (2d ed. 1876),
in one hand, gesticulates with the other to vii. 494 Ltibke, Gesch. d. ital. Mai., i. ;

a company of halberdiers on right his son 20. ;

Francesco holds his helmet. Painted in AVANZH, JACOPO DEGLI, latter half
1541 was in 1G21 in the Alcazar of Madrid, of the 14th century. Bolognese school
; ;

where it was injured by fii'e and repainted, imitated the second-hand followers of Giot-
so that little remains of Titian's handling. to, and combined ugly types, exaggeration
A similar picture in the Mantuan collection of movement, and feeble execution. There
passed to Charles I. of England. C. & C., by him in the Palazzo Co-
are a Crucifixion
Titian, ii. 51 Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 448.
; lonua, Rome, and a Crucifixion and three
AVALOS, ALFONSO D', Marquis del damaged panel pieces in the Bologna Gal-
Vasto, portrait, Titian, Cassel Gallery ;
can- lery also frescos at Mezzarata.
; He is not
vas, H. 7 ft. 2 in. x 5 ft. 5 in.; signed. Full to be confounded with the above nor with
length, in red doublet and hose and plumed Jacopo di Paolo Avanzi Bolognese, begin-
cap of a duke, with a spear in right hand ning of the 15th century, Padua. C. & C., ; |

at his feet on the right is a white dog, and Italy, ii. 212, 233 ; Bemasconi,
Studj, v. 29 ;
on the left Cupid raising aloft a plumed hel- Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iii. 40, iv. 90 ; Meyer,
met background, a landscape.
; The title Kiiust. Lex., ii. 455.
d'Avalos, Marquis del Vasto, needs confir- AVED, JACQUES ANDRF, JOSEPH,
mation. Painted about 1550? C. & C., born in Douai, Jan. 12, 1702, died in Paris,
Titian, ii. 427 Cassel Cat.
; March 4, 17G6. Portrait painter, pupil in
AVALOS, D', AND HIS PAGE? Titian, Paris (1721) of Alexis Simon La Belle, and
Hampton Court canvas, H. 4 ft. 4 in. x 3 in Amsterdam of Picard, member of the
;

ft. 1 in. Seen to the knees, in armour, his Academy in 1734. He was intimate with
right hand on a table on which is his hel- Boucher, Chardiu, C. Van Loo, and the fore-
met a page to the right ties the laces of most artists of his time, and painted many
;

his breast-plate. Called Marquis del Guasto prominent men and women. Exhibited in
and Page in catalogue, but on slight Salons in 1737-1759. Works Portrait of :

grounds. Features are not unlike those of William IV., Amsterdam Museum of Mira- ;

Duke of Alva in picture by Antonio Moro beau, Louvre of the painters Cazes and de ;

in Windsor Castle. C. & C., Titian, ii. 428 ; Troy, cole des B. Arts, Paris ;
Madame de
Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton Court, 39 ; Waa- Tencin, Valenciennes Museum ;
Said Pasha,
gen, Treasures, ii. 414. Versailles Gallery Louis XV., J. B.
; Rous-
AVANZI (Davanzi) JACOPO, born in seau. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 458 ;
Dus-
Verona, second half of the 14th century. sieux, 254.

84
 AVELLIXO
AVELLINO, GIULTO, or GIACINTO, to visit and return from Hades
(jEneid, VL),
called II Messinese, born in Messina, about Royal Academy, 1834 Vernon Collection, ;

the middle of 17th century, died in Ferrura, 1847. Engraved by T. A. Prior, J. T. Will-
Aug. 3, 1700. Neapolitan school pupil more. Cat Nat. Gal.; Hamerton,' Life.
;

of Salvator Rosa Naples returned

iii to AVONT, PEETER VAN DEN, born at
;

Messina and married the daughter of Maffei, Mechlin, baptized Jan. 14, 1600, died at
his first teacher in perspective and architect- Deurne, near
Antwerp, Nov. 1, 1652. Flem-
ure. Having wounded a priest in a quarrel, ish school history and landscape painter, ;

he fled to Naples, but pursued by the love master of Antwerp guild in 1622-23, be-
and jealousy of a woman, who attempted to came a citizen of Antwerp in 1G31. Often
poison his wife, went to Rome, and after- supplied the landscapes of Vinck-Boons,
wards to Venice. After visiting other cities Jan Brueghel the elder and the younger,
he settled in Ferrara and there successfully Lucas van Uden, Jan Wildeus, J. d'Arthois,
revived the art of landscape painting, which Luc. Achtschellinck, and Lod. de Vadder with
had been extinct since the death of Dossi. delicately painted small figures. Works :

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 407. Holy Family, St. James', Antwerp Madon- ;

AVERCAMP, HENDRIK, surnamed de na, St. Nicholas' Chapel, ib.; do. and Angels
Stomme (Mute) van Kampen, born prob- in a Landscape, Ghent Museum Wooded ;

ably at Kampen on the Yssel about 1585 (?), Landscape with Holy Family, do. with Ma-
died about 1635 (?). Dutch school land- donna and St. John, Flora with Genii, Mu-
;

scape painter, closely approaching the style seum, Vienna Landscape with Diana Aim- ;

of W. Buytenvrecb. and E. van de Velde ing at Mother with two Children, Madonna
;

painted chiefly winter landscapes. His and Angels, Silenus and Bacchus, Liechten-
highly esteemed water-colour sketches and stein Gallery, ib. Holy Family and Angels, ;

drawings are in the Taylor Museum, Haar- Munich Gallery. Kramm, i. 36 Meyer, ;

lem (8), Hamburg Gallery (4), Stiidel Gal- Ktlnst, Lex., ii. 479.
lery, Frankfort (10), Berlin Museum (3), j
AXARETO. See Assereto.
Albertiua, Vienna Landscape,
(4). Works
AZE, ADOLPHE, born in Paris, March
:

Antwerp Museum River Landscape, Rot- 6, 1822, died there, March 25, 1884. His-
;

terdam Museum Landscape (1G20), Amali- tory painter, pupil of Robert-Fleury vis-
; ;

eustift, Dessau Dutch Kirmess on the Ice ited Italy and the East and first exhibited in
;

(2), Dresden Gallery Frozen River with the Salon in 1845. Medals 3d class, 1851,
; :

Skaters (2), Berlin Museum ;

Winter Land- 1863. Works: Diana Surprised by Endy-
miou ;
Council of Cardinals (1851), Rodez
Museum
Jean Goujon Decorated by Duke ;

Muse-
of Anjou(1855), Bagui'res-<le-Bigorre

scape, Schwerin Gallery. Meyer, Ktinst. um Cosimo de Medicis Assassinating his ;

Lex., ii. 469. Son in the Streets of Venice Interview be- ;

AVERNUS, LAKE, the Fates, and the tween Philip II. and Don Carlos. Chrou- \

Golden Bough, J. M. W. Turner, National ique des Arts (1884), 105.

Gallery, London canvas, H. 3 ft. 5 in. x 5
; AZEGLIO (Massimo TapareUi), MAR-
'

ft. 4 in. Lake Avernus, near Cuniie, Italy, CHESE D', born in Turin, Oct 24, 1798,
with Baiae and Vesuvius in distance. Sup- died there, Jan. 15, 1866. Landscape and
posed to be fed by the Acheron, the river of genre painter, pupil of M. Verstappeu in
the infernal regions hence the entrance to Rome excelled especially in landscapes, ;

Hades. The golden bough was a branch of which he enlivened with figures. In 1833
the tree of Proserpine which, when plucked he exhibited in Milan seventeen pictures
by the favour of the Fates, enabled mortals which were most favourably received. Prime
S3
 BAADE
minister of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel BABUREN, THEODOR VAN, born prob-
and distinguished also as a scholar. Works ably : at Utrecht in 1570 (?),
died there in

Fight of Italian and French Knights at 1G24 (?).

Dutch school ; history and genre
Barletta, Origin of the Sforza Family, Ulys- painter, closely resembling
G. Honthorst in
ses Received by Nausicaa, Wood, Battle choice of
My subjects and realistic treatment.
of Legnauo. Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., ii. 494. Works: Entombment (1617), S. Pietro in
Montorio, Rome ;
Portrait of Young Singer
(1623), Castle Langenstein near Halberstadt;
KNUD, born near Stavenger, Clarinet Player, Conversation, Prometheus

Norway, March 28, 1808, died in Bound (1623); Adam and Eve; Bacchanal.
BAADE, Munich, Nov. 24, 1879. Landscape Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 503.
and marine painter, pupil of Copenhagen BABYLONIAN MARRIAGE MARKET,
Academy in 1827-30. After painting por- Edwin Long, Holloway Institute, Egham,
traits in Christiania, went to Dresden, where near London. The sale of a tall, fair damsel,
he studied under Dahl in 183G-39 went standing on a platform before a crowd of
;

in Mu- Babylonians, whom her uncommon charms

again to Dresden in 1843 and settled
nich in 1846. He was Swedish court painter have evidently stirred to the heart. At the
and member the Stockholm Academy. salesman's bidding she raises her white veil,
of

Moonlight Night on Nor- while a negress shifts the long light robe
Works :

U? wegian Coast, Christiania Gallery; from her torso, of which we see only the
do., Munich Gallery Steamboat on back in front, a row of dusky beauties.
; ;

the Cliffs. Am. Art Rev. (1880), 179; Kunst- Royal Academy, 1875 C. Hermon sale ;

Chronik, xv. 194 Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. (1882),

; 6,615. Art Journal (1875), 250 ;

499 ; Regnet, i. 11. Atheu., May, 1875, 490.

BAADER, LOUIS MARIE, born at Lan- BACCHANAL, Giovanni Bdlini and Titian,
nion, June 20, 1828. History and genre Alnwick Castle, England; canvas, 6 ft. square;

painter pupil of
;
Yvou and of the Ecole signed, dated 1514. The gods, feasting and
des Beaux Arts. After treating antique drinking in a woody glade ; background, a
subjects, exhibited in Salons in 1866-68, rocky hill,
with a castle view of Cadore,
his humorous picture of a man shaving a seen from the point of Previs. Begun in
poodle dog (The Toilette) had great success 1514 for Duke Alfonso of Ferrara by Bellini,
in the Salon of 1873. Medal 1866 3d class, who sketched and dated it, but was pre-
;

1874. Works Destruction of Camulodu- vented from finishing on account of his

:

num Hero and Leander

; Ulysses and Nau- great age, says Vasari finished by Titian.
; ;

sicaa Salmacis and Hermaphrodites Post- Was in the Ludovisi and Aldobrandini col-
; ;

humous Fame (1874) Savoyard's Lyre, Re- lections, Rome, before going to England.
;

morse, Tinker, Episode in Sparta (1877); Much retouched. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 191;
Mistake, Faience Meyer, Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 433 Campori, Tiziano
Mender (1878). ;

Kiinst. Lex., ii. 500Kunst- e gii Estense, Nuova Antologia, Nov. 1874
; Miiller, 20 ; ;

Chronik, viii. 86. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 412, 418.

BAAGE, CARL EMIL, bom in Copen- By Dosso Dossi, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

hagen, Aug. 22, 1829. Marine painter, pupil canvas, 4 ft. 9 in. square. A motley group of
of Copenhagen Academy visited Iceland ladies and gentlemen, some of them half
;

and Norway and made several cruises on nude, pressing round a table on which lie
royal men-of-war. Works Vessels in the masks, musical instruments, etc.
:
Kugler
Sund (1855) Frigate Facing Storm in the (Eastlake), ii. 488.
;

Atlantic (1872). Sigurd Mttller, 17; Weil- By Titian, Madrid Museum canvas, H. ;

bach, 38. 5 ft. 9 in. x 6 ft. 4 in. ; signed. Bacchantes

86
 BACCHANTE
anil their companions celebrating an orgy ; bears a large vase. Engraved by E. Beis-
Ariatlne in foreground at right, insensible son ; V. della Bruna. Wicar, ii. Part 13 ;

from wine ; in the distance the galley of Gal. du PaL Pitti, i. PI. G7; Lavice, 68.
Theseus sailing away. Painted in 1519-20
By Velasquez. See Jiorrachos.
for Duke Alfonso of Ferrara ;
same subse-
By Leonardo da Finci(?), Louvre
j ; canvas,
quent history as the Ven us Worship. Copy by H. 5 ft. 10 in. x 3 ft. 9 in. Seated on a stone,
Rubens Royal Palace, Stockholm. C. & crowned with vine leaves and leaning on a
in
C., Titian, 231, 265 ;Sainsbury Papers, 823. thyrsus.
i. From collection of Louis XTV.
BACCHANTE, Annibale Carracci, Uffizi, Ascribed, in inventory of the Restoration,
i

Florence canvas, life size.

;
A bacchante, to a scholar of Leonardo. Passavant thinks
seen from behind, nearly nude, half reclining it was originally a John Baptist in the Des-
i

under a tree, with a fly-

ing Cupid crowning her
with a wreath at left, ;

the god Pan offers her

a dish of grapes, while
a little satyr embraces

one of her legs. Paint-

ed for the Bologuetti
family, who sold it to
the Medici. Copy, for-
merly in Faruese collec-
tion, now in Naples Mu-
seum. Malvasia, i. 378 ;

Molini, i.53; Soc. Ed.

& Paris, Gall, de Firenze,
PI. 97; Museo Borbon-

ico, viii. PL 47 Lasinio,

;

i. PI. 16.

By George Romney,
National Gallery, Lon-
don canvas, H. 1 ft. 7
;

in. x 1 ft. 3 in. Bust por-

trait of Emma Lyon, af- Bacchanal, Giovanni Bellini and Titian, Alnwick Castle, England.

terwards Lady Hamilton, wife of Sir Wm. ert, as there is a picture like it, save the
Hamilton and mistress of Lord Nelson. crown of leaves, representing the Saint, in
Painted about 1786 Vernon Collection. S. Eustorgo, Milan the vine leaves and the
; ;

Engraved by C. Hall. Art Journal (1854), thyrsus are evidently additions. Vasari, ed.
88. Mil., iv. 60; Villot," Louvre; Rigollot, Hist,
BA.CCHIACCHA. See Ulx-rtini. des Arts, &c., j. 288 Heaton, 255 Gaz. des ; ;

BACCHUS or Dionysus, ancient pictures. Beaux Arts (1866), xx. 47.

See Ariatidett, Ctesilochus ; Liber, see Echion, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE, Claude Lor-
Nicias. rain. See Ulysses and Nausicaa.
By GuidoReni, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ; Ducale, Venice
'
By Tintoretto, Palazzo ;

canvas, H. 2 ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. 2 in. Bacchus, Figures nude. Bacchus, crowned
canvas.
half length, crowned with grapes and leaves, with vine leaves, and with leaves and grapes

bearing a salver and cup a wicker flask about his loins, stands in the water at the
;

hangs from his finger in front, a nude boy edge of tho sea, offering a ring to Ariadne,
;

87
 BACCHUS
who on the shore above, Venus, float-
sits ; BACCHUS, YOUTH OF, Adolphe Bou-
ing in the air, crowns Ariadne with stars. guereau, Paris canvas. The boy-god, mount-
;

Once one of the noblest pictures in the ed upon the shoulders of a shepherd and
world, but now miserably faded by the sun, surrounded by dancing nymphs and satyrs,
which falls on it all day long. Euskin, the centre of a procession passing through
is

Stones of Venice, iii, 297 Klas. der Malerei, ;

a glade centaurs lead the throng on the
;

PI. 64 Burckhardt, 752 ;Ridolfi, Marav., ii.

; right, and Silenus on his ass brings up the
217. rear. Salon, 1884. Art Journal (1884), 180.
By Titian, National Gallery, London ;
can- BACCICCIO, IL, born in Genoa May 8,
vas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.; signed. Sub- 1639, died in Rome
ject from Catullus (Peleus and Thetis, Ixiv. April 2, 1709. Gen-
252). Ariadne, on the shore of Naxos, turns
oese school ;
real
as if to flee from Bacchus, who is eagerly name Gio. Battista

leaping from his leopard-drawn car a bois- ;

Gaulli ; pupil of Lu-
terous procession of Satyrs and Menads issue ciano Borzone, went
from a wood on right. Painted in Ferrara early to Rome and

by studying works of great

masters formed a style
which brought him into
repute. He distinguished
himself especially as a ma-
chinist ;
his most conspic-
uous work is the dome of
the Gesu, Rome, where he
represented St. Francis
Xavier taken up into
heaven. Also celebrated
for his portraits; painted
seven popes and many
other persons of rank.
Lanzi, i. 515, iii. 275 ;

Ch. Blanc, ficole geno-

Bacchus and National Gallery, London. ise.

in 1523 ;
removed
1598 to Rome, where it
in BACH, ALOIS, born at Eschelkamm, Ba-
was in the Barberini and Aldobrandini col- varia, Dec. 12, 1809. Painter of horses,
lections purchased from latter in 1806 for genre subjects, and landscapes.
; In 1828
Mr. Buchanan sold in 1826 to National
; entered the Munich Academy
Copies by Varotari in Bergamo under Heinrich Hess, then
Gallery. j/
Gallery copies by Poussin at Alnwick Cas- I studied works of Albrecht
;
^J
tle and in Accademia di S. Luca, Rome.
/V^"""\ Adam and Peter Hess, and
Engraved by G. A. Podesta (1636), and J. / l\ I later was strongly influenced
Juster (1691). C. & C., Titian, i. 259 Ri- by his friend Ed. Schleich.
;

dolfi, Maraviglie, i. 257 Vasari, ed. Mil., Works

; Mail Coach in the Snow, Storm :

vii. 434 Richter, 86.

;
Approaching, Bavarian Village in Harvest
68
ess, then
 BACHE
Time. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 509 ; Muller, chaeologists. His Cimon in Prison is in the
20. Louvre.
Ch. Blanc, cole fran<;aise, ii.;

BACHE, OTTO, born at Roeskilde, Den- Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 512.
mark, Aug. Genre painter, pupil
21, 1839. BACHELIN, AUGUSTE, born in Neuf-
of Copenhagen Academy, under Marstrand, chatel, Switzerland, Sept, 27, 1830. His-
where he obtained prizes in 1856-57-6C tory, genre, and landscape painter, pupil in
;

completed his studies in Paris. Excels also Neufchatel of Moritz and in Paris (1852)
in portraits and animals, and is noted for of Gleyre and Couture. Confined himself
brilliant colouring. Medal, Copenhagen, at first to genre and landscape, but after
1872. Works Drive to a Kirmess (1863) 1859, when he accompanied Garibaldi's vol-
:
;

Wagons by Brickyard (1864), Copenhagen unteers, painted chiefly military scenes.

Gallery Badger with her Young (186(5)
; ; Afterwards travelled through France spent ;

Centaur Playing with his Son (1869) Do- ; the winter of 1864-65 in Italy, where he
mestic Animals at Peasant's, Cart-Horses, painted popular life. Works March of :

Feeding the Dogs (1870); Father and Sou a Swiss Battalion (1860) Bourbaki's Army
;

(1871); Daniel in the Lion's Den, Visit to Entering Swiss Territory Scene from ; De-
Young Mother (1874); After the Boar-Hunt fence of Switzerland (1866) Death of ; En-
(1875) ; Admiral Tordenskjold at Carlsten sign Montmollin (1866), Neufchatel Mu-
(1876); Team of Horses by Tavern (1878); seum Haymakers of the Alps (1863)
; ;

In the Mill (1879); Staghunt (1881); Winter Poachers of Uri (1863) ; Wrestlers of Hasli
Morning at the Exchange (1882). Sigurd (1867) ; Two Fancy Scenes from Prehistoric
Mttller, 18 ; Weilbach, 39. Times. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 513 Mul- ;

BACHELIEE, JEAN JACQUES, born in ler, 21

Kunst-Chronik, v. 189 vii. 108.
; ;

Paris, 1724, BACKER, ADRIAEN, born in Amster-

died there, dam in 1636, died there in 1686. Dutch
April 13, 1800. school ; history and portrait painter, nephew
Flower, ani- of Jacob B. followed at first the traditions
;

mal, and his- of the school of Utrecht, afterwards formed

tory painter, himself entirely after Italian models. Works:
pupil of Pierre. Allegory, Antwerp Museum ; Semiramis
Received into (1669), Last Judgment, National Museum,
the Academy in Amsterdam Anatomical Lecture (1670),
;

1751 as flower Athenteum, ib.; Managers of Medical Col-

painter, and in lege, ib.; male portrait, Rotterdam Mu-
1763 as history painter. In 1766 he estab- seum
do. and female portrait, Endymiou
;

and Diana, Sleeping Girl and Shepherd,

lished a free school of design for artisans,

Rape of Sabine Women (1671), Bruns-

which, in 1767, passed into the hands of the
Government. As instructor in the factory wick Gallery. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., ii. 519 ;

at Sevres he exercised a marked influence Riegel, Beitriige, ii. 300.

upon French porcelain p.. luting. He made BACKER (Bakker), JACOB, born at
Haerlingen in 1608 or 1609, died at Amster-
dam, Aug. 27, 1651. Dutch school portrait ;

painter, pupil at Leeuwarden of Lambert

/
Jacobsz, then at Amsterdam (1635-38) of
Rembrandt, but later yielded to the influ-
the first wax for en- ence of Van der Heist and others. Works
researches in the use of :

caustic painting, and thus became intimate Syndics, Two Archery Pieces (one of 1642),
with Count Caylus and other French ar- National Museum, Amsterdam Venus, ;

89
 BACKEKEEL
Adonis, and Cupid. Cassel Gallery Por- lery Shipwreck, Portrait of Old Man,
; ;

trait of F. de Vroucle (1643), Berlin Hermitage, St. Petersburg Stormy Sea, ;

Museum male and female portrait, Old Slightly Agitated Sea (1664), Berlin Mu-
;

Man in Prayer, Dresden Gallery. Meyer, seum Coast View, Bamberg Gallery View
; ;

Kilnst. Lex., ii. 517 Riegel, Beitrage, ii. on the Y (1700), Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort
;
;

300. i Approaching Storm

/f
BACKEREEL, GILLES, born in Antwerp, i/But*"'
at Sea> Kiver Land"
master of the guild in 1C29, died after 1652.
it
J*^ scape, Vienna Mu-
Flemish school history painter, studied in seum
; ; Agitated Sea (1669), Palazzo Pitti,
Rome and then lived mostly at Antwerp.
Works Vision of St. Felix, Adoration of
:

the Shepherds, Brussels Museum Hero ;

bewailing Leander, Vienna Museum.

Rooses (Reber), 156.
BACKHUYSEN (Bakhuizen),
born
LUDOLF,
at Em- 158
den, Dec. 18,
Florence. Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise ;

1G31, died at Kugler (Crowe), ii. 502 Meyer, Kilnst.

;

Amsterdam, Lex., ii. 521.

Nov. 17, 1708. BACLER D'ALBE, LOUIS ALBERT
Dutch school ;
GUILLAIN, Baron de, born at
St. Pol (Pas

marine painter, de Calais), Oct. 21, 1762,died in Sevres,

1824. Landscape painter, studied
pupil of Aldert Sept. 12,
van Everdin- from nature in the Alps of Savoy entered ;

genand ofHen- the army at the outbreak of the revolution

drick Dubbels, and took part in the sieges of Lyons and
but chiefly stud- Toulon was afterwards director of the topo-
;

ied from na- graphic corps and brigadier-general under

ture, often ex- Napoleon.
Left the service in 1813. Works :

posing himself to great danger to observe

Battle of Lodi ;
Crossing the Po ; Battle of
the sea in its various aspects. Also painted
portraits on a small scale. Peter the Great
visited his studio inAmsterdam. Works :

Dutch Shipping (1683), four others, National

Gallery, London Boats in a Storm (1696),
;

Dulwich Gallery Dutch Squadron (1675),

; Rivoli ;
Battle of Arcola ; After the Battle
four others, Louvre Man-of-War, Antwerp of Austerlitz, Versailles
;
Meyer, Gallery.
Museum Port of Amsterdam (1673), Em- Kiinst. Lex., ii. 525.
;

barkation of Jan de Witt (1690), Agitated BACON, HENRY, born at Haverhill,

Sea (1692), The Zuider Zee (1694), two Massachusetts, in 1839. Subject painter ;

Marines, Disembarkation of William III. in 1864 visited Paris, where he became a

(1692), Entrance of Dutch Port (1693), pupil of the Ecole des Beaux Arts and of

Building Yard of East India Company at Cabanel; and in 1866-67 studied under
Amsterdam (1696), National Museum, Am- Edouard Frere at Ecouen. Studio in Paris.
sterdam Ice Landscape, Marine (1689), two Works Paying the Scot (1870), W. B. Be-
; :

others, Copenhagen Gallery Sea Harbour, ment, Philadelphia Boston Boys and Gen-
; ;

Stockholm Museum Storm at Sea, Portrait eral Gage (1875,) C. R. Rogers, Philadel-
;

of Himself, several others, Ludwigslust Gal- phia; Franklin at Home (1876), J. B.

90
 I3ADALOCCHIO
Thomas, Cimrlestown, Mass. Land Land of Ivan the Cruel is in the Dresden Gallery.
; ! !

Lea Adieus (1878) Luck of Roaring Camp ; Allgein. d. Biogr., i. 769 Meyer, Kilust ;

(1881) Lovers' Quarrel (1882) Le Plei- Lex., ii. 536 Kunst-Chronik, v. 53.
; ; ;

nairiste, In Normandy (Paris Salon, 1883.) BAEN, JACOBUS DE, born at The
BADALOCCHIO, SISTO, born in Parma Hague, March, 1672, died in Vienna in
in 1581, died in Bologna in 1C47. Bo- 1700. Dutch school son and pupil of Jan ;

lognese school. By Malvasia called Sisto de Baen. In 1688 went to England in suite
Rosa pupil of Atmibale Carracci, who took of
;
T
illiam IIL and there painted a much W
him to Rome and employed him in the admired portrait of the Duke of Colchester.
Palazzo Farnese. With Lanfranco, who had Afterwards went to Florence and painted
been his co-disciple in Bologna, he made for the Grand Duke, and later to Rome,
drawings from Raphael's frescos in the Log- where he executed historical and genre pict-
gie of the Vatican. After C.irracci's death, urea On account of his gigantic propor-
in 1C09, he returned to Bologna, and was tions he was called the Gladiator by his
later employed in Parma by the fatuity of colleagues in Rome. He afterwards worked
Este. A good draughtsman, but execution in Vienna. Siret, 58 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ;

rather sketchy. Work St. Francis Receiv- : ii. 537.

ing the Stigmata, Parma Academy. Meyer, BAEN, JAN DE, born in Haarlem, Feb.
Kilnst. Lex., ii. 527 ; Malvasia, iii. 517 ; 20, 1633, died at The Hague, buried March
Burckhardt, 871. 8, 1702. Dutch school portrait painter,
;

BADIN, JULES JEAN, born iu Paris, pupil of his uncle Piemaus at Emden, and
contemporary. Figure and portrait painter, of Jacob Backer at Amsterdam greatly es- ;

pupil of Cabanel and Baudry. Employed at teemed in his time and employed by the
national manufactory at Beauvais. Medal, courts of England (where he painted Charles
3d class, 1877. His Queen of Sheba is IX and the queen), France, Brandenburg,
owned by T. A. Haverneyer, New York. and Tuscany. Established at The Hague
BADIN, PIERRE ADOLPHE, born at about 1660. Returned from England in
Auxerre, France, in 1805. Genre painter :
1676, when he is mentioned in the registers
exhibited nothing after 1848. Medal, 3d of the guild of painters at The Hague.
class, 1839 Legion of Honour
; 1849, officer Works Portraits in most of the public gal- :

1855 1848 to 1850 director of the Gobe- leries of Holland one of the best is that of
; ;

lins 1850 to I860 director of the Beauvais Prince John Maurice of Nassau, National
;

manufactory 18GO to 1870 again director Museum, Amsterdam Portrait of Himself,

; ;

of the Gobelins. Works

Beggar Seeking Dresden Gallery :
; portraits in the Schloss,
Shelter from a Storm (1833) Country Doc- Berlin. Meyer, ; Kiinst. Lex., ii. 536 De ;

tor (1839) St. Germain of Auxerre, Eoarix Stuers, 5.

;

King of the Alans (1844), ordered by State BAER, MAXIMILIAN, born at St. Jo-;

Defence of St.Jean de Losue against the hannis near Nuremberg, Aug. 24, 1853.
Spaniards in 1636 (1847) St. Dominic Still life, history, and genre painter, pupil
;

Preaching (1848). Larousse. of Nuremberg Art School under Raupp,

BAEHR, JOHANN KARL, born at Riga, with whom he travelled in the Bavarian
Aug. 1801, died in Dresden, Sept. 29, Alps, and of Munich Academy, under Alex.
18,
1869. Portrait and history painter, pupil of Wagner and Lindenschmit, where he won
Friedrich Matthiii in Dresden visited Italy several prizes. Mttller, 25.
;

in 1827-29, and returned to Riga, but finding EAGER, JOHANN DANIEL, born at
no artistic or intellectual incentive there, Wiesbaden, in 1734, died Aug. 17, 1815.
settled in Dresden
in 1832, and became pro- Portrait, genre, landscape, and fruit painter,
fessor at the Academy in 1840. His Death pupil of Fiedler in Darmstadt and of Justus
 BAGGE
Junker in Frankfort. Best works in Stiitlel had a considerable reputation, and was em-
Gallery, Frankfort, and Darmstadt Gallery. ployed in decorating many public buildings.
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 545. Several churches in Bologna possess pictures
BAGGE, MAGNUS THULSTRUP VON, by him. Among his works are Circum- :

born at Christiansund, Norway, Aug. 9, 1825. cision, Louvre Holy Family and Saints, ;

Landscape painter ;
studied first in Copen- Bologna Gallery Madonna in Glory and ;

hagen under Thorwaldsen, then in Chris- Saints, Dresden Museum, quite in the style
;

tiania, and in Diisseldorf under Andreas of Dosso Dossi, as are his three Saints in
Achenbach, Gude, and Leu travelled then the Berlin Gallery.
; ;Baguacavallo's son,
in Norway, Sweden, Bavaria, and Switzer- Giovanni Battista, worked at Rome with
land, and settled in Berlin. Works Nor- Vasari and assisted Primaticcio at Fontaine-
:

wegian Landscapes Sunset on Bygdin bleau. Ch. Blanc, Ecole ombrienne Vas-
; ;

Lake, Norway Moonrise.

; filler, 22. M ari, ed. Mil., v. 175 Burckhardt, 684 Liib- ; ;

BAGLIONE, CESABE, born in Bologna ke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 375.
in middle of IGth century, died at Parma in BA11E, BAY OF, J. M. W. Turner, Na-
1612. Bolognese school decorative paint-
; tional Gallery, London canvas, H. 4 ft. 9 ;

er, rival of Cremonini excelled in landscape, in. X 7 ft. 9 in.

;
A beautiful expanse of
but painted also history, animals, fruits, land and water, almost purely imaginative,
and flowers. Frescos in many palaces in with Apollo and the Cumsean Sibyl seated
Bologna and Parma. Malvasia, i. 253 Ch. under tall pine trees. Castle of Baiae seen
;

Blanc, Ecole bolonaise Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., on right, and Pozzuoli (anc. Puteoli), oppo-
;

ii. 546. site. Royal Academy, 1823 Turner Col- ;

BAGLIONE, GIOVANNI, Cavaliere, born lection. Engraved by R. Brandard. Ham-

in Borne about 1572, died about 1645. erton, Life Cat. Nat. Gal.
:
;

Roman school pupil of Francesco Morelli

; BAILLET, ERNEST, born at Brest,
;

employed in many considerable works in contemporary. French school landscape ;

Rome under Sextus V., Clement VIII, and painter, pupil of Saunier and of Pelouse.
Paul V., especially in the Vatican, in S. Gio- Medal 3d class, 1883. Works Pont^Scorff,
: :

vanni Laterano, and in St. Peter's. But he is Brittany (1883) Market of Lanuion, Le ;

best known as the author of Lives of the Yaudet, Brittany (1884) Old Wash-houses ;

Painters, Sculptors, and Architects in Rome at Vitre (1885).

from 1572 to 1042. Lanzi, i.470 Ch. Blanc, BAILLU (Bailly),
; JOSEPH, ERNEST
cole ombrienne. born at Lille, Oct. 17, 1753, died in Ghent,
:

BAGNACAVALLO, BARTOLOMMEO
Jan. 21, 1823. Flemish school history and ;

DA, born Bag- landscape painter, pupil of Ghent and Ant-

at
nacavallo (Ro- werp Academies, and in 1775-77 of the
magna) in 1484, cole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Gold medal,
died in Bologna Ghent, 1811. Works: Contempt (1792),
in August, 1542. Ghent Museum CEdipus at Colonus (1796),
;

Real name Bar- Allegory on Birth of King of Rome (1811),

tolommeo Ra- Societe royale des Beaux Arts, ib. Biog.
x menghi. Bologn- nat. de Belgique, i. 651.

\ ese school his-; BAILLY, DAVID, born at Leyden in

tory painter, 1584, died after 1661. Dutch school por- ;

pupil of Frances- trait painter, first instructed by his father,

co Francia, but Pieter B., then pupil of Adriaan Verburg,
also studied in Rome with Raphael, after and in Amsterdam, 1602-8, of Cornelis van
whose death he returned to Bologna. He der Voort went to Italy, spent some time in
;
 BAISC11

Germany, and returned to Leyden in 1G13. Europe. Noted for his portraits of women
Works: "Female Portrait (1624), Amsterdam and children. Elected N. A in 1851. !

Museum Male Portrait, Gcittingen "Uni- Among his ideal works are Love at First
;
:

versity Young Man at Table (1561), A Du- Sight, Children of the Wood and Wild
;

mont, Cambrai. Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollan- Flowers (Mrs. M. O. Roberts, New York) ;

daise ;
Gaz. des B. Arts (1860), viii. 306 ;
Faith ;
School Girls (W. T. Walters, Balti-
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 563. more).
BAISCH, HERMANN, born in Dresden, BAKER, WILLIAM BLISS, born in New
July 12, 1846. Landscape painter Landscape painter, pupil of
;
after York, in 1859.
studying in the Stuttgart art school, went Bierstadt, M. F. H. de Haas, and of Na- !

to Paris in 18C8, and was much influenced tional Academy. Studio in New York.
by the landscapes of Rousseau and Dupre. Works: Green Pasture Sultry July Day,
In 1869 he entered the studio of Lier at April Sunshine and the First Green (T. B.
Munich, and soon attracted attention by his Clarke); Hiding in the Hay-Cocks (1881) ;

simply-treated though effective views of the Brook at Evening (1882); Pleasant Day at
neighbouring country. Professor of Carls- Lake George (1883).
ruhe Art School since 1880. Medals Vi- BAKER, WILLIAM H., born in 1825, :

enna, 1873 Munich, 1883. Works Brook died in 1875.

;
Portrait and genre painter
:
;

with Willows, Spring Morning, Pasture studied and painted in New Orleans several
j

with Cattle, Morning Landscape, Herd by a years, came to New York in 1865, and in
Canal in the Rain, Mill by Moonlight (1878), 1871 took charge of the Brooklyn Art As-
Stuttgart Gallery Wood Interior in Au- sociation schools. Works May Flowers
;
:

tumn (1879) At the Watering Trough (1870) Red Riding-Hood (1871) Morning-
; ; ;

(1883), Hanover Museum. Meyer, Ki'mst. Glories, Cherry -Time, Home Regatta (1872);
Lex., ii. 565 Miiller, 23. ; Lilies of the "Field (1873) Truants from ;

BAKALOWICZ, LADISLAUS, born in School (1875).

Cracow, Poland. Genre and portrait paint- BAKHUYZEN, HENDRIK VAN DE
er, pupil of Academy of Warsaw. Works SANDE, born at The Hague, Jan. 2, 1795, :

Portrait of the Empress (1865) Falcon died there, Dec. 12, 1860. Dutch school
; ;

Chase, Secret Reading (1867) Amusement landscape painter, pupil of J. Heymans,

;

at Court (1870) Lady with Parrot (1870) but formed himself chiefly through diligent
; ;

They Follow Us (1872); Girls Drinking Wine study of nature member of Amsterdam ;

(1873) ;
Louis XIII. Inviting Richelieu to a Academy, and Director of School of Design
Game of Chess (1876) Henry V. The at The Hague in 1822. Medals Brussels,
; ;
:

Visit Richelieu's Cats ; Necklace

; Secret 1821 ; Antwerp, 1822 ; The Hague, 1839 ;
; ;

Response (J. Hoey, New York) ; Casket (F. Order of Lion, 1847. Works: Land-
Rogers, Philadelphia) (W. scapes (3) with Animals and Ruins, National
; Morning Call
B. Bement, Philadelphia); Mirror, Love- Museum, Amsterdam. His daughter and
Bird (T. Dolan, Philadelphia); In the Li- pupil, Gerardina Jacobus, (born at The
brary (A Adams, Watertown, Mass.); Peti- Hague, July 27, 1826), is a flower and fruit
tion to the King, Lady and Bouquet, Ladies painter medals Amsterdam, 1860 The ;
:
;

and Mandolin (Mrs. Paran Stevens, New Hague, 1863 pictures in Haarlem and ;

York). Kunst-Chronik, v. 129, 149; viii. Rotterdam Museum. His son and pupil,
86 ;
370. Julius Jacobus (born at The Hague, June
BAKER, GEORGE A., born in New 18, 1835), is also a landscape painter ;
York in 1821, died there, April 2, 1880. several prizes, great medal, Amsterdam,
Portrait painter, pupil of National Acad- 1871. Immerzeel, i. 24 Meyer, Kiinst. ;

emy, and studied two years (1844-46) in Lex., ii., 524

 BAKKEE.
BARKER. See Backer. Mon., iv. 74, 101: Eastlake, Materials, etc.,
BAKKER-KORFF, ALEXANDER HU- i. 223 ; Pierotti, Ricordi di A. Baldovinetti
GO, born at The Hague, Aug. 31, 1824, died (Lucca, 1868) Ch. Blanc, Ecole florentiue ; ;

in Leyden, Jan. 28, 1882. Genre painter, pu- Burckhardt, 541 Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ;

pil at The Hague Academy of Kruseman i. 312.

and J. E. J. van den Berg ; painted humor- BALDUNG, HANS, surnamed Grien
ous, often satirical, genre and family scenes. (Griin), born at Gmtind, Suabia, about 1476,
Was one of the best modern Dutch artists. died at Strassburg, in 1545. German school ;

Works :
Calumny ;
Sick Woman ;
The history and portrait painter, formed under
Toast (18G4) Reading the Newspaper
;
Martin Schongauer, judging ; influence of

Lady at Daughter of the

Toilet (1867); wings in the monastery of from the altar
Hero Scrubbing Maid Bric-ii-brac Shop
; Lichtenthal, near Baden-Baden, painted in
; ;

Seamstress Clothes Basket (J. Hoey, New

; 1496, and afterwards under that of Durer,
York) Old Lady Knitting. Gaz. des B.
;
whose pupil he may possibly have been in
Arts (1867), xxiii. 19 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., 1507-09 settled at Strassburg in 1509, is
; ;

ii. 567. classed as the most remarkable painter of

BALAKLAVA, Mrs. E. Butler, Fine Art his time there, and was elected senator in
Society, London. After the return from the 1545. Temporarily (1511-18) employed at
"
He obtained his sur-
'

Valley of Death." Central figure, a blood- Freiburg, Brisgau.

besmeared dismounted trooper, who ad- name from the peculiar green used in his dra- !

vances with clutched sabre and resolute face, peries, perhaps also from his predilection for I

as if still in battle behind him a sergeant dressing in green stuffs. Works Two altar
;
[
:

of the 17th on a chestnut charger, bearing wings (1496), Kloster Lichtenthal, Baden ;

on his saddle-bow a dead young trumpeter Martyrdom of St. Sebastian (1507) Christ ; ;

nt left, riderless horses and various touching on the Cross, Nativity (1512), Aschaffenburg
episodes, with thesmoke of the Russian Gallery Deluge (1516), Bamberg Gallery ; ;

guns behind. Engraved by F. Stacpoole. Death Kissing a Woman, Death Showing to

BALDASSARE DA REGGIO. See Es- Woman an Open Grave (1517), Christ on the
tense. Cross (1512), Basle Museum ; Christ on the
BALDOVINETTI, ALESSO, born in Cross, Crucifixion (1512), Adoration of the
Florence, Oct. 14, 1427, died there, Aug. 29, Magi, Martyrdom of St. Stephen (1522),
1499. Florentine school. Baldiuucci con- Head of Old Man, Berlin Museum Death ;

siders him
a pupil of Paolo Dccelli. Regis- of Lucretia (1530), Raczynski Gallery, ib.;
tered in the Florentine Guild of St. Luke in Noli me Tangere (1539), Darmstadt Museum;
1448, and appears to have had some reputa- Triptych with Baptism of Christ, Frankfort
tion. He was an experimentalist in oil me- Museum Great Altar ;
in 11 Panels (1511-
dium, and the ablest mosaist of his age. 16), Baptism of Christ, Annunciation, Frei-
Vasari says he was the master of Ghirlanda- burg Cathedral Margrave Christoph of Ba-
;

jo. The works which may safely be assigned den, Margrave's Family Adoring Madonna,
to him are a fresco, with fine landscape back- four panels with Martyrdom of the Ten
ground, Adoration of the Shepherds (1460), Thousand, Constantino and Helen Testing
Portico of the Auuunziata, Florence ;
a Ma- the Cross, Four Saints, Kunsthalle, Carls-
donna and and an Annunciation, Uf- ruhe; Palatine Philipp (1517), Old Pinako-
Saints,
fizi, Florence Trinity with Saints, Florence thek, Munich Margrave Christoph of Baden
; ;

Academy, and Frescos of Evangelists, Proph- (1515), Allegorical Figure, Schleissheim Gal-
ets, and Angels, Chapel of S. Miniato, Flor- lery; Wisdom at the Abyss (1525 ?), formerly
ence. C. & C., Italy, ii. 372 Meyer, Kunst. in Laudauer Briiderhaus, Nuremberg Mar-
;
;

Lex., ii. 613 Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 591, ed. Le tyrdom of St. Dorothea, Prague
;
Gallery ;

J4
 JJALKX

Bust Portrait of Young Man (1515), Vienna Olympus, National Museum, Amsterdam ;

Museum Holy Family, Academy, ib. The Diana and Aetux>n (landscajMj by Brueghel),
; ;

Ages of Man in Six Female Figures, Madon- Cassel Gallery Gathering of Manna, Moses ;

na (1530), Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.; Adam Striking the Rock, Brunswick Gallery ;

and Eve (attributed to Cranach), Schonboru Smithy of Vulcan (landscape by Brueghel),

Gallery, ib.; Adam and Eve (1507, copies Berlin Museum St. Jerome, Banquet of
;

after Diirer's in Madrid Museum), Palazzo the Gods, Bacchanal, Diana Resting after
Pitti, Florence; Male Portrait (1539?), the Chase, Four Seasons (landscapes in
Hampton Court Gallery Age ;
last seven by Brueghel), Nymplis loading
and Youth (?, attributed to An- Mules with Game (animals by Snyder),
tonello da Messina), Royal In- Pinakothek, Munich ;
Diana and Nymphs
stitution, Liverpool. Allgem. d.(landscape by Brueghel), Wedding Feast of
Biog., ii. 17 ;
Bacchus and Ariadne, do. of Peleus and
Ch. Blanc, Ecole allemande ;

Keane, Early Masters, 102 Meyer, Kiinst. Thetis, Diana and Actrcon, Dresden Gallery;
;

Lex., ii. G17; Woltmanu, D. Kunst im Elsass, Assumption, Rape of Europa, Vienna Mu-
278 W. & W., ii. 440 Zeitschr. f. b. K., i. seum Holy Family, Madonna, Hermitage,
; ; ;

257, 283 viii. 321.

;
St. Petersburg Marriage of the Virgin, Uf- ;

BALEN, HENDIUK VAN, born in Ant- fizi, Florence. His son and pupil, Jan
werp in 1575, (1G11-54), painted history and landscapes;
died there, July went early to Italy, where he studied the
17, 1G32. Flem- works of Albaui, returned to Antwerp in 1G42,
ish school his- and was influenced by Rubens.
; Works:
tory painter, pu- Trinity, St. James's, Antwerp ; Garden of
pil of Adam van Love (copy after Rubens's in Madrid Mu-
Noort studied
;

for some years in

Italy ;
afterwards
influenced by Ru-
bens, and even by
Holy Family, Vienna Museum.
Van Dyck, his pu- scum),
pil, who
painted Biog. nat. de Belgique, i. CG5, G68 Ch. ;

his portrait. Member of St. Luke's Guild Blanc, cole flamande Branden, 478 ; ;

in 1593, and dean of it in 1G09-10. His ec- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 642 Michiels, vii. ;

clesiastical subjects are less satisfactory than 253; Revue d'hist. et d'arclu'ol., i. 108 Rie- ;

his mythological, to which Jan Brueghel gel, Beitriige, ii. 55 Rooses (Reber), 152. ;

supplied landscape backgrounds. Cold in BALESTRA, ANTONIO, born at Verona,

mannered
feeling, in attitudes, glassy in col- in 1GGG, died there, April 21, 1740. Venetian
in nude figures pleasing, and in school; pupil of Giovanni Zeffio,
then of An-
ouring ;

melting style of execution very finished. tonio Bellucei, and afterward, at Rome, of
Works Banquet
: of the Gods, Louvre; Con- Carlo Maratti. Lived long at Venice and at
cert of Angels, John Preaching, Holy Verona, where he executed many works. He
St.

Trinity, Antwerp Museum Holy Family, was a clever engraver and a reputable painter,
;

Cathedral, ib. Trinity, Christ

;
on the Cross, and his pictures are held in considerable
Adoration of the Shepherds, Flight into estimation. Examples of his work are found
S. Zeno Moggiore,
Egypt, Resurrection, portraits of himself and in Verona in the Duomo,
wife, St. James's, ib.; Fecundity, Brussels S. Bernardino, S. Niccolo, S. Sebastiano, S.
Museum ;
The Seasons' Offering to Cybele, M. in Organo, S. M. del Paradise, and S.
Naiads filling Horn of Plenty, Gods of Tonirnaso Cautuariense ;
and in Venice in

95
 BALFOURIER
S. Zaccaria, S. Geminiano, S. Cassiano, S. neral of Frauenlob. Allgem. d. Biogr., ii.

Eustachio, S. Pantaleone, S. Marziale,and 21 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 651.

;

S. M. Mater BALLING, OLE PETER HANSEN, bom

Domini. Cb. at Christiania, Norway, April 23, 1823.
B anc ficole History and portrait painter, pupil of one
! :.
v 6 ni tie n ne Jacob Wuuderlich, and of the Berlin Acad-
;

644. emy visited Copenhagen in 1846, Paris iu

Seguier, 9 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. ;

BALFOURIER, ADOLPHE PAUL 1

1854, and New York in 1856. At the out-
JiMILE, born at Montmorency, Aug. 11, break' of the Civil War, he joined the 1st N.
J

1816. Landscape painter, pupil of Rcmond. Y. Volunteer Regiment as captain of a Scan-

Medals 3d class, 1844 2d class, 1846. Has dinavian company, and afterwards com-
: ;

often engraved for 1' Artiste. Works Lake manded the 145th Regiment as lieutenant-
:

Lugano, near Tivoli, Valley of the Cevara colonel. In 1863 he resigned and devoted
(1846) Mazeppa, Study of Majorca Lake himself again to art.
;
In America he painted
;

Nemi ;
Peter's Wells at Hyores (1863)
St. ; mostly portraits. Works : Portrait of Gen.
Pine Woods near Sea (1864) Pond of Co- John Sedgwick, West Point Academy do.
; ;

taria (1865) Ruins of a Convent (1866) of Admiral Farragut, Annapolis Academy

; ; ;

Mouth of the Gapeau (1867) Fountain in do. of Gen. Geo. H. Thomas, and Gen. Rey-
;

Majorca (1869) Environs of Valencia nolds, Union League, Philadelphia Group

; ;

Oil Press of 27 Generals on horseback, Agricultural

(1874) ; (1875).
BALLAVOINE, JULES FREDERIC, Building, Washington. Meyer, Kiinst.
born in Paris, contemporary. History and [Lex., ii. 653.

genre painter, pupil of Pils. Medal 3d :

BALMER, JOSEF A., born at Abtwyl,
class, 1880. Works Interrupted Seance : Switzerland, Nov. 27, 1828. History painter,
(1880) Surprise,
;
Water-colour Painters pupil in Lucerne of Anton Butler, then, from
(1882); Flower Market, Little Bohemi- 1852, of the Diisseldorf Academy, under
enne (1883) Paris Bargeman, Before the
;
Mticke and Schadow, and later iu Carlsruhe
Rehearsal (1884) ; Among the Rocks under Des Coudres and Canon. Has painted
(1885). many cheap altarpieces for Catholic churches
BALLENBERGER, KARL, born at Ans- inBaden and Switzerland. Works: Death of
pach, Germany, July 24, 1801, died in St. Joseph, Cycle for Tell's chapel, Fluellen ;
Frankfort, Sept. 21, 1860. History painter, wall paintings and altarpieces, at Kusuacht,
pupil of the Munich Academy under Friedr. Miihlau, Oos, Baldegg, Nottwill, Appenzell,
Hoffstadt, with whom he went to Frankfort and Meierskappel. I
'
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii.

in 1833, and of the Stitdel Institute under 654 Miiller, 24. ;

Philipp Veit. A medievalist in spirit, he BALSGAARD, CARL VILHELM, born

painted according to the traditions of the in Copenhagen, Denmark, Dec. 29, 1812.
early German masters. Works Portraits Flower painter, pupil of Copenhagen Acad-
:

of Conrad L, Louis of Bavaria, Giinther of emy, where he at first studied history and

Schwarzburg, and Ruprecht of the Palatin- portrait painting ;

visited Berlin, Dresden,
ate, Kaiser Saal, Frankfort Scenes from ; Diisseldorf, and Paris in 1855, and Italy in

Niebelungen, Scenes from Life of St. Eliza- 1872-73. Member of Copenhagen Academy
beth, Scenes from Life of the Virgin, Nu- in 1858 ;
title of professor in 1867. Works :

remberg Merchants before Emperor Maxi- Two pictures (1858), Copenhagen Gallery,
milian in Augsburg, Henry the Lion at two in Moltke Collection, ib. ; Fruitpiece
Erfurt in 1181 Gotz von Berlichingen
; Weilbach, 42. (1856), Kunsthalle, Hamburg.
among Gipsies, Scenes from Goethe's Faust, BALTASAR, CARLOS, Don, eldest son
Spiudler's Jew, Fouque's Magic Ring, Fu- of Philip IV., Velasquez, Grosvenor House,

96
 BALTHAZAR
London canvas, H. 4 ft 9 in. x 6 ft. 11 London canvas, H. 3 f t. x 2 ft 3 in. Full
; ;

n. About twelve years old, costume en length, standing dress, black velvet slashed, ;

riched with silver and gold, crimson scarf adorned with lace behind, a chest covered ;

and plumed black hat, mounted on a pranc- with crimson velvet adorned with gold.
ing pony, in court of the palace, attended From sale of Wm. Wells, of Redleaf (1848),
by several officers, among whom is Olivures to Marquis of Hertford for 672 10s. Stir- ;

King and Queen Isabel seen at a balcony. ling, ii. 633 Curtis, 57. ;

Probably painted about 1641 from Wel- By Velasquez, Sir Richard Wallace, Bart,
;

bore Ellis Agar Collection. Palomino, iii. London canvas, H. 3 ft. 10 in. x 3 ft. 1 in. ;

332 Stirling, ii. 630 Curtis, 56.

;
About three years old, in a grey silk frock,
;

By Velasquez, Henry G. Marquand, New standing, his left hand on his sword, at-
York canvas, H. 1 ft. 8 in. x 1 ft. 3 in. tached to a violet scarf, and in his right a
;

Bust, about ten years old, black velvet dress general's baton, which he uses as a walking-
embroidered repetition of same picture in stick
; plumed hat on a cushion dark ; ;

Vienna Museum. H. Baillie sale (1868), curtain in background. From Staudish

194 5s., to Bale Charles Sackville Bale sale (1853), at 1680 one of the most im-
; ;

sale (1881), 871 sold to Mr. Marquand portant pictures in Staudish Collection.
;

for 2000. Curtis, 59, 384. Athenaeum (1853), 710 Art Journal (1852); ;

By Velasquez, Madrid Museum canvas, Curtis, 5(5. ;

H. 6 ft. 3 in. x 3 ft 7 in. Six years old, By Velasquez, Sir Richard Wallace, Bart,
full length, in hunting dress, standing be- London canvas, H. 4 ft 3 in. x 3 ft. 4 in. ;

side a tree, holding in right hand a gun About four years old, black and white dress ;

on each side, a clog background, landscape with crimson scarf, on a black horse, at-
;

and mountains. Painted in 1635. Etched tended by a cavalier and other persons,
by E. Lemus C. Alabern lithographed by among whom is a dwarf. Purchased in
; ;

A. Blanco E. C. Cos. Curtis, 57

;
Gaz. Spain about 1827 for Samuel Rogers sold ;
;

des B. Arts (1881) ; Madrazo, 616.

1

at his sale (1856) for 1270 10s. Stirling,

By Velasquez, Madrid Museum ; canvas,

'

ii. 630 ; Cunningham, Life of Wilkie, ii.

H. 6 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft. 8 hi. About six years 469 ; Curtis, 56.

old, galloping oil a chestnut horse ;

he BALTHAZAR, CASEVHR VICTOR ALEX-
wears a plumed hat, armour, and a crimson ANDRE DE, born at Hayange (Moselle) in
scarf which floats behind, and holds a baton 1809, died in Paris, April 4, 1875. Genre
in his right hand and portrait painter, pupil
of Paul Dela-
landscape background. ;

Painted about 1635, second manner. Old roche. Medals 3d class, 1837 2d class, : ;

1840. Works Lara and

copy in Dulwich Gallery another in Her- 1838 1st class,
:
; ;

St. Etched by F. Kaled (1837) Gotz von Berlichingen

mitage, Petersburg. ;
!

Goya Milius J. Burnet.

;
Ch. Blanc, (1837)
; Philip VI. after Battle of Crecy ;

JCcole espagnole Art Journal (1852), 563 (1838); Joan of Arc's Vision, Joan of Arc ;
;

in Prison (1840); Death of

Lara (1842);
Curtis, 55 Madrazo, 610. ;

Vienna Museum canvas, Clevis's Baptism (1845); Trumpeter Es-

By Velasquez, ;

H. 4 ft. x 3 ft 2 in. Full length, standing, coffier's Devotion (184(i) Christ and tho ;

about ten in black velvet dress Samaritan Woman (1855); Beside the
Foun-
years old,
and scarf across hand on tain (1859). Many Larousse.
breast, with left portraits.

sword, right on a chair. Painted about BALZE, (JEAN ANTOINE) RAYMOND,

1639. B. Moncornet P. de born in Rome, May 4, 1818. History paint-
Engraved by ;

is a er, pupil of Ingres; brother

of J. E. P.
Jode. Henry G. Marquand's picture
of
repetition (bust only) of this. Curtis, 58. Baize, and co-worker, in copying pictures !

masters. Since 1849 has exhib-

By Velasquez, Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., the Italian I

97
 BALZE
ited pictures of his own in the Salon. Legion BANNISTER, E. M., born at St. An-
of Honour, 1873. Works Saint Cecilia,
:
drews, New Brunswick, in 1833. Laud-
Christ Calming the Tempest (1849), .bought scape painter ; studied at the Lowell Insti-
by State Apotheosis of St. Louis (1855), tute and under Dr. Rimmer in Boston,
;

bought by State. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. painting many years in that city. His
661. Under the Oaks received a medal at Phil-

BALZE, (JEAN ETEENNE) PAUL, bom adelphia, 1876. Studio in Providence.

in Kome, Aug. 25, 1815, died in Paris, Works : Storm (1879).
March 2G, 1884. History painter, pupil of BANQUET OF THE CIVIC GUARD,
Ingres, for whom he and his brother Ray- B. van der Heist, National Museum, Amster-
mond copied in Italy the most important dam; represents a company of trained bands,
works of Raphael. In 18G1 he invented a twenty-five figures, life-size, full-length.
new process of painting on glazed tiles. The Spanish Ambassador is shaking hands
Medal, 1863 Legion of Honour, 1873. A with one of the principal figures. Sir J.
;

copyist, with little originality. Among his Reynolds says "This is, perhaps, the first :

own works are Stoning of St. Stephen picture of portraits in the world." Beechey,
:

(1861); Coronation of the Virgin, St. Sym- Reynolds' Works, ii. 197.
phorien, Versailles ; Vision of Ezekiel (1864); BARABAS, NICOLAUS, born at Markos-
fresco paintings in court of Ecole des Beaux falva, Transylvania, Feb. 22, 1810. Portrait
Arts, Paris ;
Combat between Fitz-James
painter, pupil of Vienna Academy, and of
and Roderick Dim paintings in the churches Marko travelled then in Moldau and Wal-
; ;

of St. Roch and La Trinite. Meyer, Kiinst. lachia and visited Rome. In 1837 he be-
Lex., ii. 660. came member of the Pesth Academy, and
BAMBERGER, FRITZ, born in Wiirz- since 1842 has travelled all over Europe. Is
burg, Oct. 17, 1814, died in Neuenhain, noted for his ideal female figures has ;

near Frankfort, Aug. 13, 1873. Landscape painted more recently several historical and
painter, pupil in 1828 of Berlin Academy, genre scenes. Works Portraits of Pala- :

then of the marine painter Krause, and in tines Joseph and Stephen, Baron Vesselenyi,
Cassel under Primavesi. "Went to Munich Bishop Pyrker, Gen. Gorgei, Gen. Klapka.
in 1831 visited Normandy in 1845, Eng-
; Brockhaus, ii. 464 Wurzbach, i. 147. ;

land, France, and Spain in 1851, and Spain BARABINO, NICCOLO, born at Pier
in 1858 and 1868. Works: Battlefield of dArena, near Genoa, Italy, in 1833. His-
Hastings, Views of Gibraltar, Algesiras, and tory painter studied in Florence, where he ;

Granada. A series of his paintings in won reputation with his first picture, Con-
Schack Gallery, Munich. Allgem. d. Biogr., solatrix Afflictorum, painted, 1859, for the
ii. 38
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 665 Kunst- hospital at Savona. His principal work is
; ;

Chronik, ix. 41. the Death of Pope Boniface VUL Mailer,

BAMBINI, NICOLO, Cavaliere, born in 25.
Venice in 1651, died there in 1736. Vene- BARBALONGA, JUAN DE. See Ver-
tian school; pupil of Mazzoni, and in Rome of meyen.
Maratti. After his return to Venice princi- BARBARA, ST., Palma Vecchio, S. M. For-
pally imitated Liberi, who was then the mosa, Venice altarpiece in six panels. St. ;

fashion. Works Fulvia's Revenge, Cassel Barbara standing with her palm and crown
:

Gallery Achilles, Royal Palace, Potsdam.

; on a pedestal flanked by two pieces of can-
Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., ii. 666 Zanetti, Pitt. non, on central panel SS. Anthony, Sebas-
; ;

Venez., 431. tian, Dominic, and John Baptist on sides ;

BAMBOCCIATE. See Cerquozzi. the Virgin bending over the dead body of
BAMBOCCIO. See Laar. Christ, on the pinnacle. Painted for altar

98
 BARBARELLI
of the Bombardieri, St. Barbara being the is on a
panel of 1504 in the Augsburg Gal-
patroness of the Venetian artillerists. lery, and on a head of Christ in the Weimar
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 405 Rio, iv. 109.
; Museum. Other works Christ Blessing, :

BARBARELLI, GIORGIO. See Gioryi- St Barbara, Galatea (attrib-

\
St. Catherine,
one. uted to Botticelli), Dresden Gallery Ma- ;

BARBARI (Barbaris), JACOPO DE', bora donna and Saints, Berlin Museum Portrait ;

in Venice between 1440 and 1450, died be- of Young Man, Vienna Museum do.,
Berga- ;

fore 151G. Venetian school. Probably iden- mo Gallery. C. & C., N. Italy, i.229; Meyer,
tical with Jacoino Barberiuo Veneziano, who KUnst Lex., ii. 70C
Thausing, Ddrer, 216 ; ;

is said to have
gone to Germany and to Gaz. des B. Arts (18C1), xi. 311, 445 (1873), ;

Burgundy and there adopted the art of viiL 223 ; (1876), viii. 363 ;
Notizia d'opero
those countries. Ephrussi thinks that Ja- di Disegno, pub. de D. I. Morelli (Bassano,

Banquet of the Civic Guird, B. van del Heist. National Muleum, Amittrdim.

copo went to Nuremberg before 1494, and 1800), 77, 221 ; Lermolieff, 57, 168 ;
Zeitschr.
learned the technics of engraving there from f. b. K, xii. 339.
Wohlgemuth. He was formerly known only
as an engraver, and called the Master of the
Caduceus from the mark which he used upon
his plates. He was the colleague of Mabuse
in the service ofJohn of Burgundy, Bishop
of Utrecht, and excelled as a painter and
engraver. Supposed also by some to have
been identical with Jacometto of Venice and
BARBARI (Barbaris), NICCOI/) DE
1

with Jacob Walch, alluded to in Diirer's cor- ,

respondence as an artist who had given him beginning of 16th century. Venetian school ;

valuable hints in his youth. His signature of northern education, and probably a co-
 BAEBAEOJA
labourer in Venice with Marziale. His name giers (1879) ; Almond Blossoms, Grounds
appears on a picture of the Woman taken of Moorish Villa, Kabyle Woodcutter, For-
in Adultery, in the Palazzo Alvise Mocenigo, tune-Telling at Algiers (1880) Thililit ;

Venice, which for hardness of colour, repul- Algeria, Sunset in the Jurjura Algeria,
siveness of faces, and stiffness of drapery, Evening Prayers Algeria (1881); Going to
has hardly its equal. It shows a painter of the Fountain, Passing Glances, Squirrels'
the school of Gio. Bellini under strong Playground, Autumn Berries (1882) Somer- ;

northern influence. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 228; setshire Flood, On Sedgmoor, Needless
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., ii. 716 Gaz. des B. Arts, ; Alarm, Among the Bluebells, Bird Nesting
1st Series, xi. 312, 445 Burckhardt, 602.
; (1883) Sporting with Leaves (1884) ; Hush ;
!

BARBAROJA. See Pernia. (1885). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 12.

BARBAEOSSA. See Frederick Barbarossa. BARDON, F. See Dandre-Bardon. M
BAEBATELLI, BERNARDINO. See BAREND VAN BRUSSEL. See Orley,
Poccetti. Bernard.
BARBERIGO, MARCO, BARENTSZ (Barent, Barendsen, Ber-
portrait of Doge,
Titian, Palazzo Giustiniani, Padua canvas, nart), DIRK, born in Amsterdam in 1534,
;

H. 3 ft. 2 in. x 4 ft. 6 in. Painted about 1508; died there in 1592. Dutch school history ;

sold in 1581 by Pomponio Vecelli to Cristo- and portrait painter, son and pupil of Dooven
foro Barberigo. C. & C., Titian, i. 114 Sel- ; Barentsz, (flourished first half of 16th cen-
vatico, Di Alcuni Abbozzi di Tiziano (Padua, tury), then studied several years in Venice
1875) ; Burckhardt, 715. Titian, who evinced especial fondness under
BARBIER, NICOLAS ALEXANDRE, him; visited France and returned to Am- for
born in Paris, Oct. 18, 1789, died at Sceaux, sterdam about 1562. Of his mythological
Feb. 4, 1864. Genre and landscape painter, and biblical paintings, much commended by
pupil of Xavier Leprince. Medals 3d class, K.van Mander, none have been handed down
:

1839 2d class, 1842 L. of Honour, 1842. to us. Works Two Archery Pieces (one
; ;
:

Works Castle of Muette (1824); Environs of dated 1562), Doelenstuk with numerous por-
:

Meulan, Village Sacristy (1832) Refectory ; traits, Portrait of Duke of Alva, National
of Convent (1833) Rural Household in a
;
'
Museum, Amsterdam ; Male Bust-portrait,
Ruin of the llth Century (1839) Banks of ; Vienna Museum ; do., Liechtenstein Gallery,
Seine, View in Bourbonnais (1842) Chateau ; ib. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 15.
de Chantilly (1846) Te Deum in St. Etienne
;
born in Paris, died BARGUE, CHARLES,
du Mont in 1721 (1848) Valley of Fonte- there in 1883.
; Genre painter, pupil of Ge-
nay, Environs of Bagneux (1850) Hamlet rome; did not send any pictures to the Salon.
;

of Brozolles (1851) Meeting of Dominican Began as a lithographer, and was awarded

;

Monks, Fontenay-aux-Roses (1857) Bur- medals for lithography in 1867 and 1868.
;

gundy Canal (1859); Road to Sceaux (1861). His few pictures are noted for excellence of
BARBIERI, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO. colour and technical execution. Works: Play-
See Ouercino. ing on the Flute (Fillet sale, 1881, 30,000
BARCLAY, EDGAR, contemporary. fr.) Bashi-Bazouk (Miss C. L. Wolfe, New ;

British landscape and figure painter pict- York); Algerian Guard, Artist and his Model, ;

ures relate to Moorish, Italian, and English The Almee, Playing Chess on the Terrace,
popular life. Exhibits at Royal Academy his last work (W. II. Vanderbilt, New
and Grosvenor Gallery. Works Annuncia- York). :

tion to the Shepherds (1877); Moorish Villa, BARILLOT, LEON,born at Montigny-lez-

Olive Harvest in Algeria, Bay of Algiers, Metz, Lorraine contemporary. Landscape ;

Vesuvius from above Pompeii (1878) Olive and animal painter pupil of Cathelineaux ; ;

Gathering, By the Severn, Mosque at Al- and of Bonnat. Medals 3d class, 1880 2d :
;

100
 BARKER
class,1884 Works Lakes of St. Paul-de- (1858), 126; (1860), 183; (1861), 253;
:

Varax (1880) Gust of Wind on Borders of (1867), 158.

;

La Mancbe, Noirand and his Mother (1883); BARLOW, FRANCIS, born in Lincoln-
La barri6re, The Favourite (1884); Autumn, shire, England, in 1626, died in London
At the Top of the Heath of St. Sauveur-le- in 1702. Animal painter, pupil of Win.
Vicomte (1885). Sheppard, portrait painter. Began by
BARKER, THOMAS (called Barker of painting portraits, but afterwards won rep-
Bath), born near Pontepool, Monmouthshire, utation as an animal painter, engraver, end
England, in 17G9, died at Bath, Dec. 11, 1847. etcher. Redgrave Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii.
;

Son and pupil of Benjamin Barker (died 23.

1793), animal painter studied, 1790-93, in
; BARNA (Berna), of Siena, latter half of
Rome, and exhibited three Italian landscapes 14th century, died in 1381 (?). No traces
in 1796. Painted chiefly rustic subjects, but remain of the frescos which, according to
his best work is a large fresco in his house Vasari, he painted in S. Margarita of Cor-
at Bath, Inroad of the Turks upon Scio in tona and S. Agostino of Siena. In 1369 he
1822. His Woodman, Old Tom, The Gypsy, went to Arezzo and executed many fres-
and other rustic groups, were very popular. cos, one of which still exists in the Ves-
Woodman and Dog in a Storm, National covado, though much injured. The cathe-
Gallery, London. His brother Benjamin dral at S. Girnignano contains the injured
(177G-1838) was an animal painter of some relics, remains of a long series of fres-
merit Redgrave Art Union, 1848
; Cai cos representing scenes from the New
;

Nat. Gal. Testament, begun by Barna and finished

BARKER, THOMAS JONES, bom at after his death by Giovanni d'Asciano. In
Bath, England, in 1815, died March 28, composition Barna appears to be a continu-
1882. Battle and portrait painter, sou and ator of Duccio, while in type he follows the

pupil of Thomas Barker, landscape painter, lead of Ugolino and Simone di Martino.
and student in 1834 in Paris of Horace His colour is an exaggeration of that of
Vernet was a frequent exhibitor at the Sa- Simone, his drawing is minute, ornamenta-
;

lon from 1835 to 1845, and painted several tion copious, and treatment flat Vasari
pictures for Louis Philippe, notably The says he was killed by a fall from a scaffold-
Death of Louis XIV., destroyed at Palais ing at S. Gimignano. C. & C., Italy, ii.
Royal in 1848. Returned about 1845 to 107 Meyer, Kiinst Lex., iii. 24
; ; Vasari,
England, where he exhibited many pictures ed. Mil., i. 647 ; Gaz. des B. Arts (1859),
at the Royal Academy. Works The Trouba- ii. 170
:
Milanesi, Siena, 168.
;

dour (1849); News of Flodden (1850); Inci- BARNABA DA MODENA (Barnabas de

dent in Life of William Rufus, Meeting of Mutina), latter half of 14th century. Bo-
Wellington and Blucher (1851); Allied Gen- lognese school. Contemporary of Tommaso
erals before Sebastopol, Relief of Lucknow, da Modena, but superior to him he also sur-
;

Napoleon after the Battle of Bassano, passed the Bolognese and Pisans of his
Wellington Crossing the Pyrenees, Dawn of time, and approached the better Sienese
Victory Lord Clyde (1862); Horse Race at painters. His Madonnas, a favourite sub-
Rome (1865) Studio of Salvator Rosa (1865) ject, have an affectation of grace, regular
; ;

A Moss-Trooper, Dean Swift and Stella forms and proportions, pouting lips, and
(1869); The Melee Charge of Cuirassiers long-fingered and coarse-jointed hands. The
and Chasseurs (1872); Riderless War Horses earliest extant work by him, a Madonna in
after Sedan (1873); Balaklava (1874) Re- the Stikdel Gallery, Frankfort, dated 1367,
;

turn through the Valley of Death (1876). well illustrates his style. Another Madonna,

Meyer, Kiinst Lex., iii. 22 Art

;
Journal dated 1369, is in the Berlin Museum, and a

101
 BAKOCCI
Coronation of the Virgin, dated 1374, is in trait of a Man, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.i

the possession of Lord Wensleydale, Eng- Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 27 Vasari, ed. ;

land. Other examples are in S. Francesco, Mil., vii. 91 Burckhardt, 759 Ch. Blanc, ; ;

Pisa, and in the Modena Gallery. C. & C., Kcole ombrienne.

Italy, ii. 220 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 25 ; BARON, HENRI (CHARLES ANTOINE),
Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 93. born at Besan9on, in June, 1816. Genre
BAEOCCI (Baroccio), FEDERIGO, called painter, pupil of Gigoux, made his debut in
also Fiori da Ur- the Salon in 1840, then visited Italy. Medals :

bino, born at Ur- 3d class, 1847, 1855, 1867 2d class, 1848 ; ;

bino in 1528, L. of Honour, 1859. Works: Sculptor's

died there, Sept, Studio (1840) Giorgione Painting Gas- ;

31, 1612. Ro- ton de Foix (1844); Andrea del Sarto Paint-
f man school ; son ing Madonna del Sacco", Summer Evening
and pupil of Arn- (1847) Child Sold by Pirates, Spring in
;

brogio Barocci ; Tuscany (1848) Touch and Hearing, Vin-

;

afterward stud- tage in the Romagna (1855), Luxembourg

ied under Fran- Museum Harlequinade (1857) Painters'
; ;

cesco Menzocchi Festival at Italian Tavern (1859) ; Archery

and Battista in Tuscany (1864); St. Luke's Festival
Franco at Urbi- in Venice (1867); The Skaters (1870);
no. Ill 1548 went to Rome and both stud- His Eminence at his Nephews', Bowlers
ied and copied works of Raphael four years. (1874) Street Comer at Catania (1876) ; ;

On return to Urbino painted a St. Margaret Bt'be (1878) Fair Naturalist (Mrs. Paran ;

and other works which gave him a great rep- Stevens, New York) Archer's Rest (C. H. ;

utation. Iii 15GO he was invited to Rome by Wolff, Philadelphia) Wine and Mirth (C. P. ;

Pius IV., and painted in the Vatican with Huntington, New York) Wild Flowers (J. ;

Federigo Zucchero. While thus engaged he Hoey, New York). Larousse, ii. 249
Meyer, ;

was poisoned by his rivals, and so injured Kflnst. Lex., iii. 32 M filler, 26. ;

that he was never after able to work more BARRET, GEORGE, born in Dublin, Ire-
than two hours a day. The remainder of land, in 1732 (1728 ?), died at Westbourne
his life was chiefly spent at Urbino. Ba- Green, near London, May 29, 1784. Land-
rocci's style resembles that of Correggio, scape painter, son of a draper and appreu-
whose works he studied. He was a de- ticed to a stay-maker, but learned to colour;

cided mannerist, able in design, but in- prints and became drawing master at the
ferior as a colourist. West drawing school in Dublin. Went in
Among his easel pict-
ures are Crucifixion, Duomo,
: Genoa De- 1761 to London, where he became a suc-
;

scent from Cross (15G9), Duomo, Perugia cessful landscape painter, earning, it is said,
;

Madonna del Popolo, Christ and Magdalen, 2000 yearly. Became master painter to
Portrait of Duke of Urbino, Uffizi, Flor- Chelsea Hospital, but died bankrupt and
ence Madonna di S. Girolamo (copy of left his family dependent on the Royal
;

Correggio), Pitti, Florence Martyrdom of Academy, of which he was one of the foun-
;

S. Vitale (1583), Brera, Milan Annuncia- dation members. ;

s best works are in the
; H
tion, Ecstacy of St. Michelina, Vatican ; Portland and Buccleugh Collections. His
Noli me tangere, Palazzo Corsini, Rome ; son George (1774-1842) was a water-colour
Circumcision (1580), Madonna in Glory, painter, and one of the foundation members
Louvre Madonna and Saints, Dresden
;
of the Water-Colour Society. de Con-
F.
Gallery Madonna della Gatta, National Gal-
; ches, 183 Redgrave Meyer,
; Kiinst. Lex ; ,

lery, London two Holy Families and Por-

; \
iii. 40 ;Sandby, i. 100.
 BARIUAS
BARRIAS, FKLIX JOSEPH, born in (1840) Leaving the Harbour of Marseilles, ;

Paris, Sept. 13, 1822. History painter, Tunny-Fishing (1843) Arrival of the Queen ;

pupil of Leon Co- at Treport (1845); After the Storm, Ships

gniet in 1836, ob- Becalmed (1849) New Parliament House ;

tained the grand in London, Entrance to Marseilles (1855) ;

prix de Rome in Reception of Cardinal Latrizzi in Marseilles

1844, for his pict- (1857) Napoleon HI. receiving Queen Vic-
;

ure of Cincinnatus toria at Cherbourg (1859), Marseilles Muse-

receiving the Dep- um ;
Arrival of the Waters of the Mediter-
uties of the Senate. ranean at Lake Timsah (1863), Suez Com-
First exhibited at pany View at Birket-el-Sab (1863), Prince
;

the Salon in 1847. Halim Ruins of Karnak, First Cataract of

;

Painted frescos in the Nile (1864) ; Tombs of the Caliphs at

S. Eustache, La Trinite, in the Grand Hotel Cairo (1867) ; Moon-Rise at Sea, View at
du Louvre, and other public buildings. Birket-el-Essabe (1868) Constantinople, ;

Medals 3d class, 1847

: 1st class, 1851 Entrance to Marseilles (1869)
;
Ajaccio, ; ;

2d class, 1855 L. of Honour, 1859. Tarmouch (1870)

; Alexandria (1874) Pi- ; ;

Works Roman Spinning Girl, Sappho rate fleeing from a Cruiser, Entrance to the
:

(1847) The Exiles of Tiberius (1858), Lux- Bosphorus, Inside the Harbour of Constan-
;

embpurg Museum Dante AHghieri (1853), tinople (1875) Ironclads at Toulon (1876)
; ; ;

Tarbes Museum
Michelangelo in the Sis- Bark in Distress, St. Petersburg in Evening
;

tine Chapel, Pilgrims to the Jubilee in 1300, Review of Fleet at Cherbourg

(1880) ;

Laval Museum Landing of French Troops (1881) Capture of Sfax

;
Larousse,
(1882). ;

in the Crimea, Versailles Museum Gauls ii. 272. ; :

Insulted by Romans, Autun Museum ;

;

BARRY, JAMES, born in Cork, Ireland,

Death of Socrates, Electra at her Father's
;Oct. 11, 1741,
Tomb (1873) ; Conspiracy in Venice in died in London,
1530 ; Venus La Picardie Feb. 22, 1806.
Titian Painting a ;

composition), Amiens Muse- Studied in Dub-

'

(allegorical
um Olympian Gods, Allegory of Music, lin under Rob-
;
'

New Opera, Paris Sea Bath en famille at ert West went ; ;

Dinard (1883) Charity at Venice, She was in 1765, by the

;

an Andalusian and a Countess (1884) aid of Edmund ;

!

Death of Chopin (1885). Meyer, Kiiust. Burke, to Rome,

Lex., iii. 41 ;
M filler, 27. where he re-

BARROSO, MIGUEL, born at Consu- mained five

egra in 1538, died at the Escorial, Sept. 29, years. Though
1590. Spanish school pupil of Becerra, the pictures ex- ;

became painter to the king in 1589, and hibited on his return met with but moder-
executed frescos in the chief cloister of the ate success, he became an A. R. A. in 1772
Escorial. Stirling, i. 250
Meyer, Kunst. and R. A. in 1773, and received in 1782 the
;
!

Lex., 45.
iii.
appointment of professor of painting but ;

BARRY, FRANVOIS BERNARD, born' his lectures gave offence and he was removed
in Marseilles, May 3, 1813.
Landscape and and expelled. After this he lived in quasi re-
marine painter, pupil of Aubert and Th. tirement until his death. The defects of his
'

Gudin. His marine paintings are partic- education, his violent temper, lack of
judg-
ularly good. Medals 3d class, 1840 2d ment, and the blind devotion to high art
:
; \

class, 1843. Works : A Fog, Fishing Boats which led him to handle a class of subjects
,

103
 BAETH
whose adequate treatment demanded higher and pupil of the engraver Friedrich Barthel
powers and much greater technical skill (1785-1846), and pupil of Stieler and Kaul-
than he possessed, prevented Barry from bach at Munich, and of Lessing at Diissel-
attaining that measure of success to which dorf. In 1852 he was appointed painter to
his talents fairly entitled him. His picture the Duke, and in 1857 inspector of the Gal-
of Venus (Society of Arts), Jupiter and Juno, lery in Brunswick. Works : Portraits of
and the Wounded Philoctetes, illustrate his Dukes Ferdinand, Frederic William, Charles
ambitious weakness his Death of General ; William, and William of Brunswick, Por-
Wolfe, who, together with all the dramatis trait of Princess Alexandrine of Hohenlohe.
personse, is represented nude, proves the Miiller, 28.
absurd extent of his faith in the academic BARTLETT, WILLIAM HENRY, born
style ;
while his six pictures of the Civiliza- London ;
contemporary. Landscape
tion and Regeneration of Man, two of which painter, pupil in Paris of Bouguereau and
are 42 feet in length, painted for the Society of Tony Robert-Fleury. Exhibits at Royal
of Arts between 1777 and 1783, though re- Academy, Grosvenor Gallery, and Paris
markable for the inventive qualities dis- !
Salon. Works : Return from Seal-Hunt
played, attest his feebleness as a draughts- Ireland (1881) ; On the Alert, Loading Corn
man and colourist. Among his other works West Ireland, Ellestrin Bay West Ire-
are his own portrait in the National Portrait land (1882) Summer-Time Lagoon of
;

Gallery, and his Adam and Eve at S. Ken- Chioggia near Venice, Netting Granchios
sington. Fryer, Works of J. Barry (Lon- Chioggia (1883) Bad Wind for Fish (1884). ;

don, 1809) F. de Conches, 283 Ch. Blanc,

;
BARTOLI (di Bartolo), TADDEO, Sien-
;

Ecole anglaise Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 45

;
ese school, born in Siena in 1363, died there
;

Sandby, ii. 182 ;

Portfolio (1873), 150. in 1422. Son of Bartolo di Mino, a barber ;

EARTH, FERDINAND, born at Parten- early began a successful practice in 1389 ;

kirchen, Bavaria, was a member of the council on the works

Nov. 11, 1842. in the cathedral of Siena. In 1390 he
History and painted for S. Paolo of Pisa the Virgin and
genre painter, Saints now in the Louvre, and in 1393 for
pupil in Nurem- Cattaneo Spinola and for S. Luca, Genoa,
berg of Kreling, two altarpieces. An altarpiece of the Ma-
then of the Mu- donna and Saints was executed in 1395 for
nich Academy S. Francesco, Pisa, and this was followed by
under Piloty and a series of frescos in the same church,
Caspar Braun. among the best of which is the Apostle's
He took part in Visit to the Virgin, a work of great spirit.
the campaigns of The breadth and motion of
drapery, the
18G6 and 1870, firm decision in the drawing, and the bold
travelled through Germany, France, Italy, freedom of action in difficult positions are
and Switzerland, and became professor at the worthy of the 16th century. After com-
Academy and at the Art School of Industry pleting his labours at Pisa, Taddeo re-
in Munich. Medals in Vienna and Munich. turned to Siena, and painted several years
Works Quarrelling Landsknechts, Dance
: A few panels by him yet
in the cathedral.
of Death, Merchant of Venice, Torquato remain, but most of his frescos there are
Tasso, Paganini in Prison (1883), Parsifal, obliterated. He next painted some pictures
Cupid at the Door. Miiller, 27. for the Duomo of S. Gimignano, two of
BARTHEL, GUSTAV ADOLF, born in which are preserved in the Palazzo Commu-
Brunswick, in 1819. Portrait painter, son nale. In 1403 he was at work in Perugia,

104
 BARTOLO
where he painted for S. Agostino a Descent Florence, Oct. 31, 1517. Real name Bar-
of theHoly Spirit for S. Francesco a Vir-
;
tolommeo di Paolo di Jacopo del Fattorino ;

gin and Child, now in the Perugia Acad- commonly called

emy and for S. Domenico frescos of the
;
della Porta from
life of S. Catherine, now obliterated. The the vicinity of
next year he was again in Siena, where he his house to the
laboured for several years in the Duomo gate of S. Pier \

and the Palazzo Pubblico. Taddeo stood Gattolino. Ap-

at the head of the Sienese school, yet he did prenticed when
not cause it to progress nor exercise any nine years old to

improving influence upon his successors. Cosimo Roselli,

Siena really gained less from him than from with whom he
the Lorenzetti. C. & C., Italy, ii. 156; remained until 1490, meanwhile studying
Lttbke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 178 Meyer, the frescos of Masaccio and Filippino at
;

Kiinst. Lex., iii. 58 Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 33

;
the Carmine and the works of Perugino
;

W. & W., i. 472. and Leonardo da Vinci. On leaving the

BARTOLO DI FREDI, born about 1330, studio of Rosselli, where Bartolommeo had
buried Jan. 26, 1409. Sienese school some- formed what proved to be a life-long friend-
;

times called Bartolomnieo di Maufredi. ship with Mariotto Albertinelli, the two en-
He was associated with Andrea Vanni in tered into a partnership which ceased in
1353, was registered in 1355 in the guild of October, 1499, when Bartolommeo, under
Siena, and employed in 1361 in the Sala del the influence of Savonarola, gave up paint-
Consiglio, Siena. From 1362 to 1366 he ing. In obedience to Savonarola's com-
was at S. Gimignano, where he had pre- mand he had iii 1497 burned his draw-
viously (1356) decorated part of the parish ings from the nude, and iu the following
church with scenes from the Old Testament. year, when the Convent of S. Marco was
On his return to Siena he was employed besieged, had vowed that if he survived
with Jacomo di Mino in decorating the he would join the Dominicans. This he
cathedral, and in 1372 he became a member did July 26, 1500, leaving his commenced
of the government. Of his extant pictures fresco of the Last Judgment in the ceme-
a Descent from the Cross (dated 1382), in tery of S. M
Nuova to be finished by Al-
the Sacristy of S. Francesco of Montalcino, bertiuelli. Retiring into the convent of S.
and an altarpiece, part in the sacristy and Marco, Fra Bartolommeo, as he was thence-
part in the Sienese Academy, show a mixt- forward called, renounced painting alto-
ure of the styles of Simone and Lorenzetti. gether until 1506, after which, with the
Adoration of the Magi by him in the Acad- assistance of Fra Paolino and Albertinelli
emy St. Peter, in the Louvre, Paris. Both (1508-1512), he painted a noble series of
;

drawing and colour are hard, and the latter altarpieces and devotional pictures. In 1508
is flat and red in the shadows. Gold is lav- he went to Venice, in 1510 to Rome, and in
ished on the accessories and ornaments. 1512 and 1517 to Pian di Mugnone. With
C. & C., Italy, ii. 148 Meyer, Kunst. Lex., these exceptions he lived in Florence until
;

iii. 61 Vasari, el. Le Hon., ii. 218, N. 1

; his death.
;
After Leonardo, to whom he
219, N. 4 Baldinucci,
;
i. 297 Gaz.; des was greatly indebted, Fra Bartolommeo may
B. Arts (1870), ii. 29. be considered the greatest painter of the
BARTOLOMMEO BOLGHARINI, or Florentine school. None excelled him in
BOLOGHINI. See Bulgarini. dignity of style, none equalled him in the
BARTOLOMMEO, Fra, born probably at management of drapery, the harmonious
Suffiguano, near Florence, in 1475, died in use of colour, or iu stateUness of composi-

108
 BARTOLOMMEO
tion. His altarpieces have that nobility of Milan Academy, but took chiefly the Venetian
character which springs from the symme- masters for his models painted at first por- ;

try of their arrangement and the perfect traits and genre scenes with small figures,
balance of their parts. Their beauty is the and was gradually led to monumental and
beauty of repose, of self-contained though fresco painting, in which he has achieved his
earnest expression, of harmony between at- greatest success. Works : Beatrice Cenci
titude and action. Works before 1501 Republicans:
(1861) ; Tasso, Basle Museum ;

Portrait of Savonarola (1496), Sig. Rubieri, Overthrowing Statues of the Med- in Florence
Florence Last Judgment (1498-9), fresco
; ici, Diana of Poitiers (1870) Page (1873) ; ;

in the little Museum of S. M. Nuova Trip- Musing Girl (1873) Old and New Corre-
; ;

tych (1500), Poldi Collection, Milan. Works spondence (1873); in fresco: Moses as Law-
after 1505 Assumption of the Virgin, Be- giver, Sermon on the Mount (1874, Church
:

sangon Cathedral, France Ecce Homo, De- at Horgen, Lake of Zurich). Meyer, Ktinst.
;

scent from Cross, St. Mark, Christ and Evan- Lex., iii. 87; Miiller, 29.

gelists (151G), Madonna with Saints (1512), BASAITI, MARCO, born about 1450, died
Holy Family, Palazzo Pitti, Florence Isaiah, after 1520. Venetian school. Born in Venice
;

Job, Madonna and Patron Saints of Flor- of Greek parents, according to Vasari, but
ence, Uffizi, Florence Meeting of Christ according to others a native of Friuli. He
;

and Apostles Emmaus, Lunette (1507-8),

at laboured in Venice between 1490 and 1520,
S. Marco altarpiece, Madonna with Saints
; and was probably a scholar and assistant of
(1509), S. Martino, Lucca God the Father ; Luigi Vivarini, though he differed much from
with Saints (1509), Madonna della Miseri- him. After the death of Luigi (1503), he
cordia (1515), Lucca Gallery Madonna, finished his Apotheosis of St. Ambrose in the
;

Hermitage, Petersburg Marriage of St. Frari, Venice, without improving it essen-

St. ;

Catherine (1511), Annunciation (1515), Lou- tially. Later he was an assistant of Giovanni
vre The Virgin Mary Appearing to St. Ber- Bellini, whose peculiarities he adopted after
;

nard, Portrait of Savonarola as St. Peter 1510. Still later he imitated Palma, but

Martyr, Christ Bearing his Cross, St. Vin- without his richness of colour, and in 1520

cent, Florence Academy Paul and Peter, Carpaccio. Charles Blanc calls him a worthy
;

Quirinal, Rome Holy Family, Palazzo Cor- rival of Giovanni Bellini and of Carpaccio
; ;

sini Assumption (151G), Museum, Naples but Crowe and Cavalcaselle think his work
; ;

do., Museum, Berlin Holy Family, Pan- only a superficial imitation, without "the
;
,

shanger, England Madonna del Cappuc- pure ring of the choicest metal." His pict-
;

cino, Gallerie Abel, Paris ;

Presentation in ures are in many galleries. Among his best

Temple (1516), Vienna Museum. C. &

are the Calling of the Apostles James and C.,

Italy, iii. 427; Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 175, John (1510), Christ in the Garden (1510),
212 Meyer, Kiinst, Lex., iii. 63 Rio, 479 ; Venice Academy St. George and the Dragon
; ; ;

Dohme, 2iii. Burckhardt, 630 Marchesi, (1520), in San Pietro di CasteUo, Venice
; ; ;

ii. 1. Assumption, S. Pietro Martire, Murano Ma-

;

BARTOLOMMEO DELLA GATTA. See

Gatta.
BARTOLOMMEO DI MANFREDI. See
Bartolo di Fredi.
BARTOLOMMEO DA MURANO. See
Vivarini, Bartolommeo.
BARZAGHI - CATTANEO, ANTONIO, donna Adoring the Child, Museo Civico, Pa-
born at Lugano, Ticino, in 1835. History, dua Christ Crowned with Thorns, Rovigo ;

of Apostles James and John

genre, and portrait painter pupil of the Gallery; Calling ;

1U6
 BASILETTI

(1515), Vienna Museum; Picta, Altar in Four BASSANO, JACOPO, called the elder,
Panels, St. Sebastian, Berlin Museum ; St. lx>ru at Bassauo, 1510, died there, Feb. 13,
Jerome Heading, National Gallery, London. 1592. Venetian
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 259 ; Meyer, Kttnst school ;
real name
Lex., iii. 88
Ch. Blanc,
; cole vonitienne Jncopo da Ponte; ;

Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. G46 Lermolieff, 14, 399; son and pupil of
;

Ltlbke, Gescb. ital. Mai., i. 550. Francesco da

BASILETTI, LUIGI,born at Brescia, Italy, Poute the elder ;

in 1780, died in 1860. History and landscape afterward pupil /-,

painter, pupil of Santo Cattaneo, then of Bonifazio Ve-
studied in Bologna and in Rome, where he neziauo, and lat-

painted Canova's portrait. Works Guard- er, it : is said, of JA .'

ian Angel with Boy, Duomo nuovo, Brescia Titian. ;

Bassano
Death of the Niobeds, Temple of Sibyl at was perhaps the earliest of Italian genre
Tivoli, Isle of Ischia, and others, Tosi Gal- painters. He excelled in painting landscape
lery, ib.; Falls of Tivoli, Brera, Milan. and animals, and chose his subjects from
Fenaroli, Artisti Breseiani ; Meyer, Kiinst. Scripture scenes in which they could suit-
Lex., iii. 98. ably be introduced. He also painted mar-
BASSANO, FRANCESCO, born at Bas- ket scenes, farmyards, and other agricul-
sano in 1550, tural subjects, as well as historical pict-
died in Venice, ures, altarpieces, and portraits. He had
July 4, 1591. Ve- four sons and many scholars who worked
netian school; with him in his studio, and enabled him
real name Fran- to multiply his pictures. Among his best
cesco da Ponte ;
works are Entombment of Christ (1574),
:

eldest son and S. Maria in Vanzo, Padua ; Adoration of the

pupil of Jacopo Shepherds, Louvre Nativity, S. Giuseppe,
;

Bassano. Estab- and Baptism of St. Lucillo, S. Valentino,

lished himself at Bassano Return of Jacob to Canaan, Pa-
;

Venice; em- lazzo Ducale, Venice ; St. Roch Interceding

ployed in decor- for the Plague-Stricken, S. Rocco, Piacenza ;

ating the Palazzo Raising of Lazarus, Naples Museum Moses ;

Ducale, where he painted the Siege of Padua and the Burning Bush, and Bassano's Fam-
and five other pictures. He also executed for ily, Uffizi, Florence Christ Clearing the ;

churches large works which were deserved- Temple (replica in National Gallery, Lon-
ly admired. Became melancholy and killed don), Animals Entering Ark, Noah Leaving
himself by jumping from a window. Works Ark, Madrid Museum Good Samaritan,
:
;

Ascension, S. Luigi de' Francesi, Rome National Gallery, London. Ch. Blanc, cole
;

Fish Market, Louvre Flight into Egypt vonitienne Vasari, ed. Le Mou., xiii. 42
; ; ;

and Adoration Magi, Duomo, Padua Seguier, 153, 713 Burckhardt, 750.
of ; ;

Martyrdom of St. Catherine, Palazzo Pitti, BASSANO, LEANDRO, Cavaliere, born

Florence Rape of Sabines, Turin Gallery at Bassano in 1558, died in Venice in lf>23.
; ;

Adoration of Shepherds and Christ Clearing Venetian school real name Leaudro da ;

Temple, Dresden Museum Christ at Beth- Ponte, third son and pupil of Jacopo Bas-
;

any, Cassel Gallery Adoration of Magi, Last sano.

;
Painted for some time in his father's
Supper, Madrid Museum. Ch. Blanc, tfcole style, but some of his portraits having brought
vdnitienue Burckhardt,
;
750 Wornuin, him fame at Venice, he confined himself
;

Epochs, 259. afterward almost entirely to portraiture.

107
 BASSEN
Of his historical works the Resurrection of Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 107 ; Ridolfi, Marav.,
Lazarus, Adoration of the Shepherds, Prayer ii. 477.
of Jesus in the Gar- BASSIN, PETER VASSILIEVICH, born
den, and the Incre- in St. Petersburg, June 25 (July 7), 1793,
dulity of St. Thom- died there, July 4 (16), 1877. History and
as, are in the Venice portrait painter, pupil of St. Petersburg

Academy, and the Academy went in 1819 to Rome, where he

;

Birth of the Virgin, lived five years, and remained abroad six
in S. Sophia, Venice. years longer. After his return he became
In the Madrid Mu- member of the Academy, and shortly after-
seum are the Prodi- wards professor. Works: Christ Driving
gal Son, Assump- the Money Changers from the Temple,
tion of the Virgin, Marsyas Teaching Olympus to play the
and the Forge of Flute, Academy, St. Petersburg Elopement, ;

Vulcan. He was
knighted by the Doge La Lavandara di Frascati, Bacchanal, Su-
Grimani, whose portrait he painted. Ch. sanna at the Bath, Earthquake on Monte
Blanc, ficole venitienne. Cavo, Socrates Saving Alcibiades in Battle of
BASSEN, BARTHOLOMEUS VAN, died Potidaja, Scene from Life of a Robber, Her-
at The Hague, buried Nov. 28, 1652. Dutch mitage, ib. Coming of the Holy Ghost, four ;

school architecture painter. Entered Guild scenes from Life of Mary and Jesus, Resur-
;

of St. Luke at Delft, Oct. 21, 1613, and rection, Winter Palace, ib.; Virgin and
that at The Hague in 1622. The figures in Saints, Twelve Apostles, Four Evangelists,
his pictures were often painted by Frans Betrayal of Judas, Christ before Pilate,
Franken, the younger, whence it is probable Flagellation, Bearing the Cross, Ascension
that he temporarily lived and perhaps also of Mary, Four Saints, Martyrdom of St.
studied at Antwerp. Visited England, then Catherine, Martyrdom of St. Demetrius, St.
returned to Hague, and from 1639 to 1650 George before Diocletian, Christ Appearing
held post of city architect. Works : Church to Barbara, Isaac Church, ib. God of Saba- ;

Interior (1624), Berlin Museum ;

do. (1626), oth and Angels, Fight of Alexander Nevski
Hague Museum ;
St. in against the Swedes, Prayer of Alexander
Peter's Square
Rome (1623), others Nevski, Death of Alexander Nevski, Trans-
Copenhagen Gallery ;

in Hanover (1624), Gottingen (1625), Stutt- portation of his Relics, Sermon on the

Mount, Chapel of Alexander Nevski, ib.;

Mary Entering the Temple, Annunciation,
Peter and Paul, Archangel Michael, Simeon,
Rest in Egypt, Moscow Museum. Meyer,
Kiinst. Lex., iii. 10.

gart, Prague, and Pesth Galleries. Meyer, BASTARUOLO, IL. See Mazzuoli, Giu-
Kiinsi Lex., iii. 105 ; De Stuers, 9. seppe.
BASSETTI, MARCANTONIO, born BASTIANI (Sebastiani), LAZZARO, born
in
Verona Vene- about 1450, died after 1508.
in 1588, died there in 1630. Venetian
tian school pupil of Felice Brusasorci then school
; commonly called a pupil of Carpac-
; ;

studied in Venice, chiefly copying Tinto- cio, but dates contradict it. He was bred,
retto, and later in Rome. After his return probably, in the Paduan school, where he
to Verona, he was counted among the best acquired the disagreeable features without
artists of his time and much employed in the redeeming qualities of Mantegna but ;

painting altarpieces for churches. "Works : in Venice he learned to imitate Luigi Viva-
rini, without wholly losing the impress
of
Martyrdom of St. Vitus, Munich Gallery.
IDS
 BASTIANINO
his early education. He failed to rise to 1883. Works [
: Little Jannetje, Dutch Com-
the level of Carpaccio, and never attained fort (1875).
superior distinction, yet he held an honour- BATH, AFTER THE, Jean Loon Gerdme,
able position in his guild in Venice. Among j
Wm. Astor, New York canvas, H. 3 ft. x 2 ;

his works are Madonna with Saints and ft. A female

:
figure, nude, sitting, back to the
Donor door of the spectator, at the edge of the bath, in the
in the lunette of a side
S. M Murauo, signed and dated water of which her form is reflected, with a
e Donate,
1484 Coronation of the Virgin, Lochis narghileh beside her another figure, partly
; ;

Carrara Gallery, Bergamo Entombment, draped, sitting at left, and two others in
;

S. Antonio, Venice the Gift of the Relic background.

; Photogravure in Art Treas- i

and the Miracle of the Holy Cross, Venice ures of America, ii. 71.
Academy ; Annunciation, Correr Museum, BATH, YOUNG ROMAN'S, Charles
Venice ; Glorification of St. Veneranda, Gleyre, Charles S. Smith, New York ; canvas,
Vienna Academy. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 215 ;
H 3 f t. x 2 ft. A
beautiful female slave,
Ch. Blanc, Eeole venitieune ; Vasari, ed. Le partly draped, a babe into an alabaster
lifts

Mon., vi. 86, 97, 98 ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. font, in a Roman impluvium, on the opposite
113. side of which, nearly in profile, stands a nude
BASTIANINO, IL. See Filippl, Sebasti- maiden, resting her hands on the rim of the
ano. basin, and contemplating the young Roman
BASTIEN-LEPAGE, JULES, born at with admiration.Photogravure in Art
Damvillers, Meuse, Treasures of America, ii. 88.
Nov. 1, 1848, died in BATHSHEBA AT THE BATH, Francia
Paris, Dec. 10, 1884. Bigio, Dresden Gallery wood, H. 2 ft. 8 in.
;

History and portrait x 5 ft. 7 in. signed, dated 1523. David sees
;

painter, pupil of Caba- Bathsheba in the bath, while Uriah sleeps

nel. Medals 3d class, : on the balcony of his house on the other ;

1874 2d class, 1875

; ; side, the sending of Uriah with the letter.
3d class,1878; L. Cat. Dresden Gal.
of Honour, 1879. Subject treated also by Rembrandt,
Works :
Song of Steeugracht Collection, Hague Cornells ;

Spring, Portrait of van Haarlem, Berlin Museum Jan Frans ;

my Grandfather van Douven, Cassel Gallery Bernardo ;

(1874); Communicant Strozzi, Dresden Gallery Carlo Maratti, ;

(1875); Adoration of Shepherds, Portrait of Leichtenstein Gallery, Vienna.

M. Wallon (1876) Portrait of my Parents, BATTAGLIA, DIONISIO, flourished in
;

do. of Andr6 Theuriet (1877) Hay Harvest Verona about 1547. Probably pupil of
;

(1878) Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt (1879)

; Francesco Torbido, to whose style his pict- ;

Potato Harvest (1879) Joan of Arc, Erwin ures bear so close a resemblance that they
;

Davis, New York; Village Love, Ripe Grain, have often been mistaken for them. Meyer,
October (1883) ;
The Forge (1884), Albert Kiinst. Lex., iii. 123 ; Bernasconi, Studj.,
Wolff. Moutrosier, Artistes modernes, iii. 301. ;

Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., iii. 116 Mttller, 29 BATTEM, GERARD VAN, second half; ;

Kunst-Chronik, xx. 235. of 17th century. Dutch school landscape ;

BATES, DEWEY, born in Philadelphia, painter apparently took Ph. Wouwerman ;

Pa., in 1851. Genre and portrait painter for his model said to have lived at Rotter- ; ;

studied at Royal Academy, Antwerp, and at dam. Works Hilly Landscape with Fig- :

licole des Beaux Arts, Paris, under Ger6me. ures, Meiningen Gallery ; do., Schleissheim
Studio in Philadelphia ;
was in London in Gallery. Meyer, KUnst Lex., iii. 125.

109
 BATTISTA
BATTISTA DA SAN DANIELE. See Return of Prodigal Son (1773), Vienna
Pelleyrino. Museum. Lanzi, i. 529 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole
BATTLE, Salvator Rosa, Louvre ; canvas, romaineMeyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 119.
;

H. 7 ft. 2 in. x 11 ft. 6 in.; signed. A hand- BAUCK, JEANNA, born in Stockholm,
to-hand conflict of horse and foot, near a Sweden, Aug. 18, 1840. Landscape painter,
ruined temple on right on left, massive
; pupil in Dresden (1863) in figure painting
rocks and burning vessels. Painted in 1652, of Professor Ehrhardt then in Diisseldorf ;

in forty days, by order of Monsignor Cor- in landscape painting of Albert Flamm. In

sini,Papal Nuncio, who presented it to 1866 she settled in Munich, where she stud-
Louis XT7. Villot, Cat. Louvre. ied under Karl Ludwig, Langko, and Jos.
BATTONI (Batoni), POMPEO GIRO- Brandt. Visited Tyrol, Switzerland, and Ven-
LAMO, Cavali- ice almost yearly ;
lived in Paris in 1879-80,
ere, born at Luc- and then in Munich, where she has a school
ca, Feb. 5,1708, of painting for young ladies. Paints chiefly
died in Rome, gloomy forests with dark waters, ruins,
Feb. 4, 1787. and trees, with great breadth and boldness.
Roman school ; Medal, 1878. Works Village Street with
:

pupil at Lucca Gipsy Band (1878); St. John's Eve (1880).

of Domenico Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., iii. 128 ; Mttller, 29.
Brugieri and of BAUDIT, AMEDI3E, born in Geneva,
Gio. Domenico Switzerland, in 1829. Landscape painter,
Lombard!; went pupil of Franyois Diday; studio in Bordeaux.
early to Rome, where he studied under Medals Paris, 1859, 18G1 Geneva, 1861 :
; ;

Conca, Masucci, and Imperial! soon won Toulouse, 1866; Rochelle, 1866.
;
Works:
reputation and divided with Raphael Nunzo Shores of Lake of Geneva, Dent du Midi
the honour of being called the first painter (1861); Coast near Terre-Negre (1866); View
of his time but his conceptions were supe- near Cannes (1867)
;
Souvenir of Dieppe, ;

rior to his power of realization, and his Les Landes (1867) Storm (1868) Heath of ; ;

works are mannered and shallow. Painted Begaar, Rainy Day at Biscarosse, Pasture in
historical pieces and miniatures but most the Landes (1875) Before the Storm (1883).
; ;

noted for his portraits, numbering among Meyer, Ktiust. Lex., iii, 132.
his sitters Popes Benedict IV. Clement XITL, BAUDOIN, PAUL ALBERT, born at ,

and Pius VI., the Emperors Joseph II and Rouen contemporary. Genre painter, pu- ;

Leopold II., and many other celebrated per- pil of Gleyre, Delaunay, and Puvis de Cha-
sonages. Among his works are
Marriage vanues. :
Medal, 3d class, 1882. Works:
of St. Catherine, Quirinal, Rome
Birth of History of Wheat (1882), frieze for Ecole
;

Christ, Palazzo Corsini, Rome

Achilles, Dombasle, Paris
;
View of St. Pons He- ;

Uffizi, Florence; Madonna Enthroned, Brera, rault, Mulberries of Port Junenal Herault
Milan ;
Choice of Hercules, .ZEneas with (1883) April Morning in Normandy (1884) ; ;

Anchises, Return of Prodigal Son, Turin Betrothal (1885).

Gallery Madonna, Louvre, Paris St. John
; BAUDOIN, PIERRE ANTOINE, born in
;

the Baptist, Magdalen. The Fine Arts, Dres- Paris, Oct. 17, 1723, died Dec. 15, 1769.
Genre painter, pupil of Boucher, whose
EOTJPCO daughter he married ;
Member of Academy
in 1763. Fondof painting erotic subjects.
den Gallery Portrait of Elector Karl Theo- Works
;
:
Confessional, Fille econduite, Cueil-
dor (1775), Pinakothek, Munich Marriage leur de Cerises, Petite Idylle galante, Le
;

of Cupid and Psyche (175G), Berlin Museum Lever, Fille querelloe, Force du Sang (1765,
;

no
 BAUD It Y
Salon of 17G7) Le Coucher de la Mariee, many in 1859, and became pupil of the art
;

Sentiment de L'Ainour, Chaumiure, Eight school in Stuttgart under Rustige. In 1863

Miniatures with Life of the Virgin (1767) he studied in Munich under Piloty, and in ;

Modele honnete, Diana and Actseon Kpouse 1864 went to Italy. After his return he ac-
;

indiscrete, Sentinelle en defaut, Enlevemeut, quired great reputation at Stuttgart by his

Jardiniere gallant, Chemin de la Fortune, portraits went in 1869 to England, where he ;

Rose and Colas (1769). Ch. Blanc, Ecole painted several members of the royal family
francaise ;Goncourt, ii. 520 Meyer, Kiinst. and of the aristocracy. Works
; Portraits of :

Lex., iii. 132 Wurzbach, Mai. d. xviii. J., Prince and Princess of Hoheulohe-Langen-
;

34. burg, Group of their Children, Prince

BAUDRY, PAUL (JACQUES AIMEE), Arthur, Children of Prince of Wales The ;

born at La Roche- Orphans (1867), Stuttgart Gallery Female ;

sur-Yon, Vendee, Letter Carrier, Little Barefoot, Spring, The

Nov. 7, 1828. His- Nursery, Attempts at Art. Meyer, Kdnst.
tory and portrait Lex., iii. 143 Miiller, 30.
;

painter, pupil at BAUGIN, LUBIN, born at Pithiviers,

La Roche of Sar- Loiret, France, about 1610, died in Paris,
toris and in Paris July 11, 1663. History painter, imitator of
of Drolling. Won Guido Reni, whence called Little Guido.
the grand prix Works Holy Family, Louvre Madonna,
:
;

de Rome in 1850 Nancy Museum Holy Family, Dijon Muse-

;

by his Zenobia um Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew, Rouen

;

Discovered on the Museum Magdalen Consoled by Angels,

\ ;

Banks of the Ar- Gregory the Great, Orleans Museum ;

St.
axes. Exhibited Salon in 1857. Med- Sebastian, S. Sepulchre; Adoration of Angels,
first in

als: 1st class, 1857, 1861, 1881; L. of Honour, St. Lazare; six
pictures in Notre Dame, Paris.
1861 ;Officer, 1869 Commander, 1875 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 145.
; ;

Member of Institute, 1870. He has executed BAUGNIET, CHARLES, born in Brussels

important decorative works, the most cele- in 1814. Genre and portrait painter, pupil
brated being those in the foyer of the New of J. Paelinck and M. F. Willems. Lives at
Opera House in Paris (1866-74). Has also Sevres. First became known by a collection
painted many portraits. Works
John, of three hundred lithographed portraits of
: St.
Fortune and the Child (1857), Luxembourg distinguished persons. After spending sev-
Museum Execution of a Vestal (1857), Lille eral years in England, settled in Paris and
;
'

Museum Leda ; (1857) ; Penitent Magdalen, devoted himself to painting. Member of

Toilet of Venus, Guillemette (1859) Char- Ghent Academy in 1836.
; !

Appointed de-
lotte Corday (1861), Nantes Museum Am- ; signer to the King of Belgium, 1841 ; Order
Pearl and W ave (1863)
r
phitrite (1861) ; ;
of Leopold, 1843, Officer 1872 ; Order of
Diana (1865) Glorification of Law (1881)
;
;
Isabel Catholic of Spain of Branche-Ern- ;

Truth (1882). Among his portraits are: stein of Saxony ; of Christ of Portugal.
Guizot (1861) ; Gamier
Ed- Works Sister of Charity, Repentance, First-
Charles (1869) ;
:

mond About (1872) Gen. de Montaubau Born, Sailor's Return, Beau Telling a Story,
;

(1877). Larousse; Meyer, Gesch., 595; do., The Eldest Daughter (1863) Elder Sister's ;

Kiinst. Lex., iii. 137. Return (1864) Visiting the Widow, Trou- ;

BAUERLE, KARL (WTLHELM FRIED- bled Conscience (1865), Godmother's Visit

RICH), born at Endersbach, Wurtemberg, (1866) Departure of the Bride (1869) Em- ; ;

June 5, 1831. Genre and portrait painter barrassing Answer, Godmother, Good Ad- ;

came to America in 1836, returned to Ger- venture (1870); Burning of Chicago (1871) ;

111
 BAUMAXN
Old Arm-Chair, My Little Nephew (187G) BAUMEISTER, FRANZ KARL, born at ;

Blind Man's Buff, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New Zwiefalten, Wurtemberg, Jan. 24, 1840.
York First Heart Trouble (1878) Fourth History painter, pupil of the Munich Acad-
; ;

of July, 1876 Autumn (1879); Washington's emy from 1855 under

;
Hiltensperger and
Birthday (1881); Cottage Hospitality (1882). Anschutz, and in 1859-65 under Philipp
Other works owned in United States Curi- Foltz. Works Christ with Virgin and
: :

osity, James H. Stebbins, New York Ein- Saints (1863) Holy Women at the Grave
; ;
j

barrassing Answer, Dead Canary, Dressing (1866) Eleven Cartoons of Life of St. Wal- ;

the Bride, T. E. Butler, New York Lady's bert (1869-70) Baptism of Christ
;
(1872) ; ;

Night Toilet, Mrs. Paran Stevens, New York; St. Andrew, Immaculata (1872) ; St. Ann
His Picture, W. Mason, Taunton, Mass. After (1873) St. Theobald, St. Maurice, Assump-
; ;

the Ball, Hurlbut Collection, Cleveland; tion, St. Bartholomew Foundation of Soci- ;

Autumn, S. A Coale, St. Louis Art Studies, ety of Jesus,

;
St. Catherine. Meyer, Ktinst.
C. Crocker, San Francisco ; Interesting the Lex., iii. 149 ; Muller, 31.
Convalescent, W. B. Bement, Philadelphia BAUMGARTNER, PETER, born in Mu- ;

Toilet of the Bride, Departure of the Bride, nich, May 24, 1834. Genre painter, pupil
E. D. Morgan Collection, New York Letter from 1850 of the Munich Academy, then in
;

of Becommendation, Lost Illusions, B. L. 1857-61 of Piloty. His pictures of Bava-

Stuart Collection, New York Autumn, C. P. rian life are humorous and characteristic.
;

Huntington, New York Feeding the Snow Works

; Seven Suabians, Don Quixote's
J
:

Birds, C. S. Smith, New York Toilet of the Declaration of Love, Interrupted Dinner
;

Bride, J. Hoey, New York Good Fortune, "W. (1861)

;
Invalid Asylum, Auction at a Paint- ;

H. Vanderbilt, New York; Spring Time, Win. er's, On the Way to School (1864) The ;

Astor, New York. Vapereau (1880), 150. Answered Prayer for Rain (1866) At the ;

BAUMANN, (ADOLF) CHRISTIAN, born Stand, Scene in Photographer's Studio, Ex-

in Munich in 1829, died there in 18G5. amination at the Parson's, Forenoon in the

History painter, pupil of Munich Academy Parson's Kitchen, The Arrival. Meyer, |

in 1844-48, under Schraudolph, whom he Kiinst. Lex., iii. 151 Muller, 31. j
;

also assisted in his works at the Speyer BAUR, ALBERT, born at Aachen, July
cathedral. After three years spent in Italy 13, 1835. History painter, pupil of Diissel-
he returned home and executed a series of dorf Academy under Karl Sohn, then of Jos. !

works in fresco, in the style of H. Hess and Kehreu, and later of Schwind in Munich.
Schraudolph. Two Madonnas, New Pina- Settled in Diisseldorf in 1861. After visit-
kothek, Munich four fresco paintings, Na- ing Paris, Holland, and Italy, was professor
;

tional Museum, Munich two in Arcades of at the Weimar Art School in 1871-76
; ;

S. Cemetery, ib. Crucifixion, I. Sarthor, ib. then returned to Diisseldorf. Works The
; :

Allgem. d. Biogr., ii. 152 Meyer, Kiinst. Body of Otto HI. Conveyed over the Alps
;

Lex., iii. 148. (1866) Christian Martyrs (1870), Diissel- ;

BAUMANN, JOHANN HEINEICH, born dorf Gallery Otto I. and the Body of his ;

at Mitau, Feb. 10, 1753, died at Neu-Juug- Brother Thankmar Paul Preaching
[1874] ;

fernhof, near Riga, July 7, 1832. Animal in Rome (1876) Amazons Bear-Hunting ;

painter, pupil at Erfurt of J. S. Beck ;

after (1876) Young Poet and Girl (1876) ; Seal-
;

his return home lived mostly in ing Christ's Sepulchre after Entombment
Curlandj
and Livland, and in 1790 became member (1879), J. D. Lankenau, Philadelphia.
of St. Petersburg Academy painted 1,713 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 156
; Muller, 31 ; ;

pictures, chiefly hunting scenes, highly es- Ulustr. Zeitg. (1872), i. 231 Ktinst-Chronik, ;

teemed by sportsmen. Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., 133, ii. 37, iv. 190, vii. 438, xii. 83; i.

iii. 147. Zeitschr. f. b. K., vi. 144.

 BAUR
BAUR, NICOLAAS, born at Harlingen, BAYARD, EMELE ANTOESTE, born at I

Sept. 23, 1767, died there, March 28, 1820. La Ferte-sous-Jouarre (Seine-et-Marne,)
Dutch school marine painter, son and Nov. 2, 1837. Genre painter, pupil of L.
;

pupil of J. A. Baur, a portrait painter at Cogniet. At first exhibited only charcoal

;

firstpainted landscapes and city views. drawings, for which he is distinguished, but
Meyer, Kiinst Lex., iii. 156. since 1870 has painted some very characteris-
BAVON, ST., CONVERSION OF, Rubens, tic military scenea L. of Honour, 1870.
National Gallery, London wood, H. 3 ft. 5 Works: Narrow Pass, During the Siege
;

in. X 5 ft. 5 in. The Saint, about to enter (1874) Day after Waterloo (1875) Couu- ; ;

the monastic life, is met 011 the steps of the try Concert-House, Market in the 18th Cen-

church of his convent by St. Arnaud, Bishop tury, Women Bathing, Skating (1877) ;

of Maastricht. Formerly in Palazzo Carezza, Morning of a Debut (1879) two decorative ;

Genoa bequeathed in 1831 to National panels (1882) Affair of Honour, Qui trop
; ;

Gallery by Rev. W. H. Carr. Cat Nat Gal.; embrasse (1884) Bande joyeuse (1885). ;

Smith, ii. 256. Gaz. des B. Arts (1872), i. 328 Meyer, ;

j

BAVON, ST., DISTRIBUTING ALMS, Ktlust. Lex., iii. 168.

Rubens, Ghent Cathedral ; canvas, H. 16 ft. BAYER, AUGUST VON, born at Ror-
x9 ft. Saint, standing beside a flight schach, on Lake Constance, May 3, 1803,
The
of steps, is attended by two servants with died in Carlsruhe, Feb. 2, 1875. Architect- \

bowls of money before him are two women, ure painter studied architecture in Carls-
; ;

one with two infants, kneeling, and behind ruhe under Weinbreuner, and in Paris be-
them a mendicant on opposite side, three ;
fore 1828, when he took up painting, first
ladies looking on in second distance, the;
in Munich, then in Carlsruhe. His subjects
Saint, followed by a page and another per- were the great monumental buildings of
son, is ascending a flight of steps to a the Middle Ages, interiors of churches,
church, at the door of which two bishops halls, etc. Baden court painter. Works :

and several monks await his arrival. One Interior of Franciscan Church at Salzburg,
of Rubens's best works, but greatly injured Cloister of Stiftskirche at Berchtesgadeu,

by restoration. Engraved by F. Pilsen. Convent-hall with Monk, New Pinakothek,

Smith, ii. 36 Beechey, Reynolds's Works, Munich Interior of Church of our Lady in
; ;

ii. 142. Munich, Cathedral in Chur, Maulbronn

BAXTER, CHARLES, born in London, Monastery, Death of St. Bruno, Organ Play-
March, 1809. Genre and portrait painter, er, Strasburg Cathedral. Allgem. d. Biogr.,
pupil of G. Clint in painting portraits and ii. 186 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 169 ; Brock- ;

miniatures, in which he was quite success- haus, ii. 616.

ful ; later, devoted himself to rustic and SUB1AS, Don FRANCISCO, BAYEU Y
ideal subjects exhibited at Royal Acad- born at Saragossa, March 9, 1734, died in
;
first

emy in 1834. Elected in 1842 member of Madrid, Aug. 4, 1795. History painter,
Society of British Artists. Works Olivia pupil at Saragossa of Joso Luzan Martinez,
:

'

and Sophia (1852) Lucy Locket, Bacchante then in Madrid of S. Fernando Academy
;

(1853) La Pensoe (1854) The Lily (1856) under Antonio Gonzalez Velasquez returned !

; ; ; ;

Dream
Heartsease, of Love (1857)
Saragossa, but on the suggestion of
;
Little S
to
Red Riding Hood (1859) Little Galway Mengs, court painter to Charles HI, was
;

Girl (1861) ;
Colleen Bawn, Olivia (1862) called to Madrid to assist in the decoration
;

The Ballad (1863) Love me, Love

; my of the new Palacio Real, and so decidedly I

Dog Peasants at Chioggia (1869). Art adhered to the style of Mengs that he may
;

Journal (1864), 145 Meyer, Kiinst Lex., be reckoned as of his school. By contempo-
;

iii. 168. raries considered the foremost Spanish paiut- |

113
 BAYKOFF
er during the second half of the 18th cen- and the Venice, with broken chains in her
tury. Court painter ; honorary member of hands, looking to Heaven, are among the
S. Fernando Academy in 1765, director in frescos there attributed to him. Blanc says
1788. Works
Twenty-five religious, myth- that his work does not pale beside that of his
:

ological, and allegoiical paintings in Mu- brilliant coadjutors. His picture of Christ
seo del Prado, Madrid. Frescos Fall of in Limbo (1552), S. Liberale, Castelfranco, is
:

the Giants, Apotheosis of Hercules, Con- superior to any other work of art in that city,
quest of Granada, etc., Palacio Real, ib.; save the pictures of Giorgione. Bazacco,
Religious Subjects, Chapel-Royal, Aranjuez ;
after the death of his wife, became an eccle-
Life of St. Eugenius, Toledo Cathedral ;
siastic with the title of Monsignore. Ch.
many and other churches Blanc, Ecole venitienne Vasari, ed. Mil.,
in the cathedral ;

at Saragossa. His brother and pupil, Don vi. 594, 595 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 176. ;

Ramon, born at Saragossa in 1746, died at BAZZANI, GIUSEPPE, born in Mantua,

Aranjuez, March 1, 1793, assisted him in about 1690, died there, Aug. 17, 1769.
many of his works, especially the frescos at Pupil of Giovanni Canti, of Parma, but

Saragossa Cathedral. Bermudez ; Madrazo, formed himself by studies after Mantegna,

353 ; Stirling, iii. 1257. Paolo Veronese, and especially Rubens,
BAYKOFF, FEODOR, died at Tiflis, whom he took for his model, and soon sur-
Russian Transcaucasia, in 1877. Landscape passed his early master. Painted many
and genre painter, pupil of St. Petersburg altarpieces and frescos for churches in Man-
Academy travelled in the Caucasus in 1846
;
tua one of the best is the Dream of St.
;

and afterwards in southern Russia. Works Romualdo, in : S. Barnaba. Meyer, Kiinst.

Circassian Caravan (1873) paintings in Lex., iii. 177. ;

cathedral and theatre at Tiflis. Meyer, BAZZI, GIOVANNANTONIO. Y

See 6 o-
Kiinst. Lex., iii. 171. doma.
BAZIN, CHARLES LOUIS, born in BEALE, MARY, born in Suffolk in 1632,

Paris, April 3, died in London, Dec. 28, 1697.

1802, died there, Jan., 1859. Daughter
History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of Rev. Mr. Cradock, of Walton-on-Thames ;

of Girodet-Trioson, and of Gerard. Med- married Mr. Beale, a painter and colour
als 3d class, 1844 2d class, 1846. Works maker. Pupil of Sir Peter Lely, who ob-
:
;
:
;

Peter the Great in France (1842); Christ tained for her permission to copy many of
on Cross (1843) Louis XIV. and Mine, Van Dyck's finest works.
;
Painted por-
de Maintenon (1844); Tribute Money (1845); traits in oil, water-colour, and crayon was ;

Girl with a Lizard (1846) Ecce Homo also reputed as a poet. Her portraits of
;
j

(1849); Dissolution of Parliament by Louis Cowley, Tillotson,

Duke of Norfolk and
XIV. (1853). Gaz. des B. Arts (1859), iv. Charles II. are in the National Portrait Gal-
308. lery, and of Archbishop Tillotson in Lam-
BAZZACCO Bozzato), born beth Palace.
(Bozzacco, Redgrave Meyer, Kiinst.
;

about 1500, died about 1570. Venetian Lex., iii. 231.

school. Proper name Giovan Battista Pon- BEARD, JAMES H., bom in Buffalo,
chino. A Castelfranco, whence N. Y., in 1814. Animal painter. He painted
native of
sometimes called Bazacco da Castelfranco. portraits for many years in the West, Henry
Vasari, who calls him Brazacco, says he had Clay and President John Quincy Adams
charge of the decorations of the grand hall being among his sitters. Exhibited Caro-
of the Council of Ten in the Palazzo Ducale, lina Emigrants at the National Academy in
Venice (after 1552), and that his associates 1846. Elected N. A. in 1871. Studio in
were Battista Zelotti and Paolo Veronese. New York. Works: A Peep at Growing
The Neptune on his Chariot, the Mercury, Danger (1871); The Widow (1872); Mutual
114
 BEARD
Friend (1875) ;
Attorney and his Clients, phin Louis (1663), Madrid Museum. Meyer,
Out all Night, Morning Gossip, There's Kiinst. Lex., iii. 239 Ch. Blnuc, Ecole fran- ;

many a Slip (187(i) ; Consultation, Blood yaise.

will Tell (1877); Don Quixote and Saucho BEAUBRUN, HENRI, born at Amboise,
Panza (1878); Don't You Know Me ?
(1879); Feb., 1003, died in Paris, May 17,
1677. Por-
Heirs at Law (1880) Which has Preemp- trait painter; he entered the service of Louis
;

tion? (1881); You Can't have this Pup XIII, who took an interest in his education,
(1882); My Easter's all Spoilt, I don't Be- caused him to study architecture and per-
lieve One Word of It (1883); Detected spective, and ultimately became his pupil.
Poacher (1884). Harry Beard, son of James He was one of the first twelve members of
H. Beard, also paints animals. He exhib- the Academy, founded in 1648. Ch. Blanc,
ited in 1877, Group of Portraits in 1878, ficole frau<;aise Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., iii,
; ;

Young Knight, Who Boke Dat, now ? and 239. ;

Charles, drive me to Stewart's and in 1881, BEAUC15, JEAN ADOLPHE, born in

!

Newsboy. Paris, Aug. 2, 1818, died at Boulogue-sur-

BEARD, WILLIAM H., born in Paines- Seiue, July ,
Military, genre, and
13, 1875.
ville, Ohio, April battle painter, pupil of C. Baziu. He accom-

13, 1825. Animal panied the army on several campaigns, and

painter ; visited so painted correctly, but with little imagina-

Europe 1857, in tion or life. Medal : 3d class, 1861 ; L. of

studied one sum- Honour, 1864. Works :
Capture of Abd-el-
mer in Diissel- Kader's Smala (1844) ; Charge of Colonel
dorf.and sketched Morris at Isly (1845) ; Death of Col. Ber-
in Italy, Switzer- thier in the Battle of Cerisoles(1846) After ;

land, and France. Waterloo (1847) ; Capture of the Bridge of

Elected N. A. in Si Prix (1848) ; Bravery of the Priest of
1862. Studio in Pers (1852) ; Storming of Laghouat (1853) ;

New York. Works: The Sharpshooters, Assault of Zaatscha

Dancing Bear (18G7); Naughty Cub (1869) ; (1857) ; Battle of Solferino (1861) ; Entry
Pets on a Spree (1871); The Wreckers of the French into Mexico (1868) ; Defeat
of the 16th Uhlans (1874) Battle of Pa-li-
(1874); Horse Market in Brittany (1875) ;| ;

Worn Out, Lo the Poor Indian, March of Kiao Meyer, Kiinst.

(1875). Lex., iii. 240 ;

Sileuus (1870); Runaway Match (1878); Kunst-Chronik, ix. 645, 672 ;

x.561.
Justice must bo Done (1879) Voices of the ; BEAULJEU, ANATOLE HENRI DE,
Night (1880) Spreading the Alarm (1881)
; ; born in Paris in 1819, died there, June 6,

In the Glen (1882); Cattle upon a Thousand 1884. painter, one of the most bril-
Genre
Hills; Eavesdropper (1884); Bulls and liant pupils of Delacroix. Medal, 1868.
Bears (1885). Sheldon, 56. Works Scene from Spanish Inquisition
:

BEATO, IL. See Anr/eiico, Fra. (1844); La Romance cles Abeuci-rages ;

Sere-

BEAUBRUN, CHARLES, Venice Bohemian Tavern in Venice,

born at Ain-nade in ;

boise, France, baptized Feb. 11, Turkish Buttery after Bombardment

1604, died 1560 ;

in Paris, Jan. 16, 1C92. Portrait painter, of Sinope, 1853 The Ostrich-egg (1868) ;
;

The Duel of the Loire

pupil of his uncle Louis, cousin of Henri, (1870) Volunteers ;

whose associate lie was until the latter's Army, Woman in the Pillory in Ancient
death. He became member of the Acad- Stamboul, Well in Pillaged House (1874) ;

emy in 1651. Works Portrait of Anne The Adder (1875) The Douma (ancient
: ;

Marie of Burgundy (1655) Portrait of Slavic ballad, 1877); Jessica (1880); Queen
;

Marie de Medicia (1655) ;

Portrait of Dau- of Clubs, Pig Festival at Fest-eu-Hoch (1882);

115
 BEAUME
Alcohol (1883) ;
La Femme & ITbis, La Fille (1855) ; Andromeda (18CC) ;
Circe (1867) ;

aux Rats Ckronique des Arts (1884), Leda (1868) Perils of Life (1855); Women
(1884). ;

191; Kunst-Chronik, vi. 40 ix. 671; x. G46. Chasing Truth (1868) The Captain's Share
; ;

BEAUME, JOSEPH, born in Marseilles, (1868), Luxembourg Seeking Whom He ;

Sept. 24, 1796, died, Sept., 1885. History Shall Devour, Women are Dear (1870) End ;

and genre painter, pupil in Paris of Gros, of a Song Where is Cupid Hiding? (1873); ;

whose classical style he at first followed As Stupid as a Goose, Mad Caps (1874); Nest ;

later painted military and historical pictures, of Sirens (1877) Torturers of Cupid, H. ;

and since 1870 genre subjects. Also painted Probasco, Cincinnati. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
portraits and marine views. Medals 2d iii. 246 Miiller, 33 Larousse. : ; ;

class, 1824 1st class, 1827

;
L. of Honour, BEAUMONT, CLAUDIO FRANCESCO,
;

1836. In 1836-43 he executed for the Ver- Cavaliere, born in Turin, June 4, 1694, died
sailles Museum his principal historical works:there, July 21,1766. History painter, studied

Passage of Rhine Battles of in Turin, then in Rome, after the works of

at Diisseldorf ;

Diernstein, of Albreto, of Ltitzen, of Bautzen, Raphael, the Caracci and Guido, and under
of Oporto, and of Toulouse Taking of Trevisani became honorary member of
; ;

Halle; Napoleon Leaving Elba. Otherworks: Academy of S. Luca in 1727, returned to

Eliezer and Naphtali (1819, Fontainebleau) ;
Turin in 1731, and was made court painter
Death of Henri IE. (1822) The King Drinks ;
and (1736) knighted. Works in fresco :

(1828); Death of Grand-Dauphiness in 1690 Princely Virtues, Four Ages of Man, Judg-
(1834) Death of Anne of Austria at Val-de-
;
ment of Paris, Rape of Helen, Royal Palace,
Grace (1835) Death of Charles V. (1838)
; ;
Turin ; Altarpieces in different churches,
Childhood of Sixtus V. (1839) Hagar in the ; ib., and in Rome. Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., iii.
Desert (1844) Going out of Church (1846);
;
243.
Van Dyck (1850) ; Marguerite (1852) ;
Gali- BEAUMONT, Sir GEORGE ROWLAND,
leo in Prison (1853) Flight into Egypt ; Bart., born at Dunmow, Essex, Nov. 6, 1753,
;

Mother of the Family (1872); Hunter's died at his seat at Coleorton, Leicestershire,
Breakfast (1877) Sancho Panza (1878). ; England, Feb. 7, 1827. Pupil of Rich-
Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 243 Miiller, 32 ; ;
ard Wilson became a respectable amateur
;

Ottley. landscape painter. His two landscapes in

BEAUMETZ, fiTIENNE, born in Paris the National Gallery are pleasing examples ;

contemporary. History and genre painter, of the classic school, but cannot lay claim
pupil of Cabanel and L. Roux. Medal 3d to striking originality.
He was a supreme :

class, 1880. Works There they are : !

(1880); authority in matters of taste and of para-
Battalion Leaving for the Frontier (1881); mount influence in founding the National
Brigade Lapasset Burning its Flags (1882); Gallery, to which he bequeathed many valu-
The Liberators 1794 (1883) At Cham- able pictures collected in Italy and England.
!
;

pigny Nov. 30, 1870, The Garrison Leaves Cunningham, vi. 147; Cat. Nat. Gal.; Mey-
Belfort 1871 (1884) The Bayonet Cham- er, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 245 Redgrave.
; ;

pigny, Dec. 2, 1870, Last Duty (1885). BEAURY-SAUREL, Mile.AMfiLIE, born

BEAUMONT, CHARLES EDOUARD at Barcelona, Spain, of French parents con-;

DE, born at Lanuion, France, in 1821. Genre temporary. Portrait painter, pupil of Tony

painter, pupil of Boisselier ;

first pictures, Robert- Fleury, Bouguereau, and Giacomotti.
landscapes from neighbourhood of Cernay Medal 3d class, 1885. Works Portrait of : :

and Senlis, in Salons of 1838, 1839, and Leon Say (1880) do. of My Mother (1883). ;

1840. Has illustrated several books. Medals: BEAUVAIS, ARMAND, born at Bar-sur-
1870, 2d class, 1873 L. of Honour, 1877. Aube, Nov. 30, 1840. Landscape and genre
;

Works Bohemians (1853) Dangers of Life painter, pupil of Desjobert and of Gerome.
; ;

116
 BEAUVEUIE
Medal : 3d class, 1882. Works : Gleaners Threshing Floor at Gilgal, In the Forest at
j

Surprised by Rain, Banks of the Aven (1876); Fontainebleau (1877) Halt of Prince Ed- ,

April, La Saint-Fiacre (1877) ; On the Cliffs ward (1878) Pilgrims to Mecca (1879) ; ;

at Carteret, End of October (1878); Novem- Bedouin

'

Encampment in Syria (1880) ; Re-

ber, Return from the Fields (1879) Sowing treat to Coruuna (1883) Buckhurst Park,
; ;

Season (1881); On the Heights of Omonville Hatfield Park (1885). Art Journal (1877),
(1882) Walnut Trees of Augis in November, 65 Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., iii. 253.
; ;

Goslings in April (1883) Return of the BECCADELLI, Legate, portrait, Titian,

;

Flock, Windy Day (1884) ;

In the Fields in Uffizi, Florence ; canvas, life size. The
October, Untilled Land Winter Evening
an arm-chair, holds in his prelate, seated in
(1885). hands an unfolded paper. Painted in 1552.
BEAUVERIE, CHARLES JOSEPH, born Engraved by J. C. Ulmer. C. & C., Titian,
at Lyons, France
contemporary. Genre and ii. 216.
;

landscape painter, pupil of Lyons school of BECCAFUMI, DOMENICO, born near Si-
art, and of Gleyre. Paints well coloured, ena in 1486, died
carefully finished pictures. Medals: 3d class, in Siena, May 18,
1877 2d class, 1881. Works Morning on 1551.
; Sienese :
i

the Oise, Avignon Museum Butcher's Shop school; son of Gi-

;

in Suburbs of Paris, Afternoon in Spring acomo di Pace,

(1874) June, October Morning, Beggar a labourer in the

;

Woman from Brittany, View near Cernay, service of Loren-

Coming out of School (1879) The Forey zo Beccafunii, by ;

Canal, St. Just-sur-Loire (1880) Girl Picking whom he was ap- ;

Peas, Autumn Evening (1881); Gathering prenticed to the

Potatoes, Foggy Morning in Autumn (1882); painter G. B.
Resting in the Fields, Ruins at Auvers Tozzo, called Ca-
(1883) Before the Rain, Morning at Auvers panna,
; and
(1884) ; Valley of Amby, The Harrow (1885). whose surname
Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 253. he adopted ; also called Mecuccio or Me-
BEAVIS, RICHARD, born at Exmouth, cherino, on account of his insignificant
England, in 1824. Landscape painter appearance. Domenico may have met Pe- ;
in
1846 entered School of Design, Somerset rugiuo in Siena in 1508, and have felt
House, London, and in 1850-63 was designer his influence. In Rome, where he spent
'

in a London carpet factory. Exhibited at about two years (1510-1512), he became

Royal Academy in 1862, Mountain Rill, and enamoured of the works of Michelangelo,
Fishermen Picking up Wreck, and in 1863, whom he afterwards weakly imitated. On
In North Wales. Has visited France,Holland, his return to Siena (1512) he competed
Italy, Egypt, and the Holy Laud. Member with Sodoma with credit to himself,
of the Institute of Painters iu Water Colours. though he cannot be justly compared with
Works Escape (1864); Military Train Jer- that great artist. His style became more
:

sey, Drawing Timber in Picardy (1865) and more mannered as he advanced in life. ;

Loading Sand Pas de Calais (1867); High The earliest and perhaps the best of his
Tide Mouth of the Maas (1868) Hauling works is the St. Catherine Receiving the
;

up a Fishing-Boat Holland (1870) Autumn Stigmata (1512) and Saints, Siena Gallery
; ;

Ploughing (1871) Collecting Wreck -Am- other works are the Marriage and Death of
;

bleteuse (1872) Shore at Scheveningen the Virgin, frescos (1518), S. Bernardino,

;

(1873) ; Ferry-Boat in Old Holland (1874) Siena Visitation, Hospital, Siena Nativity ; ; ;

Bedouin Caravau.Ploughing in Egypt (1876) ; (1523), S. Martiuo, Siena ; Marriage of St

117
 BECCAEUZZI
Catherine, Palazzo Doria, Eome Holy Fam- Feb. ; 5, 1747, died at Cologne, April 1,

ily, Pitti, Florence. Beccafumi designed 1828. German school

history, landscape,
;

the best compositions which decorate the and portrait painter, pupil of his father
pavement of the Duomo, Siena. Seven of and of Januarius Zick, at Coblentz, where
his cartoons for this work are preserved in he found a patron in Clemens Wences-
the Academy. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 254 ;
i

laus, Elector of Treves, and painted many

Vasari, ed. Mil. v. 633 Gaye, Carteggio, ; princely personages ;
settled at Cologne in
244, 355 Jansen, Leben und Werke des 1795 and devoted himself chiefly to the
ii. ;
1

Malers Gio. Ant. Bazzi, Stuttgart (1870), reproduction of paintings by the Old Ger-
117 ; Ch. Blanc, cole floreutine Meyer, man masters. Merlo, Nachrichten, 28.
;

Kttnst. Lex., iii. 254 ; Liibke, Gesch. ital. BECKER, ADOLF VON, born in Fin-
Mai., ii. 408. land, Aug. 14, Genre painter pu-
1831. ;

BECCARUZZI, FRANCESCO, born at pil of Copenhagen Academy in 1856-58 ;

Conegliano, flourished in 1527-1544. Vene- studied then in Dilsseldorf, and from 1860
tian school probably pupil of Pordenone,
;
at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, and
but in his pictures a successful imitator of under Couture, Cogniet, Hebert, Barrias,
Titian, though he shows in some respects, es- and Courbet. Went to Spain, in 1863,
pecially in his sketchy treatment, the decline and to Italy, in 1866. In 1869 he was
of the Venetian school. Painted mostly appointed professor of drawing at Helsing-
altarpieces for churches in Conegliano and fors University. Works Boy with Kite, :

Treviso. Works St. Francis with six other French Judge (1863)
: Painter and Model ;

Saints, Venice Academy. Meyer, Kiinst. (1867) Motherly Pride (1868) Gamblers ; ;

Lex., iii. 259 ; Eidolfi, Marav., i.

(1869) ; After Dinner, A Game of Piquet,
207 ;
C.
& C., Italy, ii. 1G6. Sick Woman (1878). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
BECERRA, GASPAR, born at Baeza about iii. 270.
1520, died in Madrid in 1570. Spanish BECKER, ALBERT, born in Berlin,*
school. Passed years at Rome, study- Oct. 22, 1830.
many Genre and animal painter,
ing painting, sculpture, and architecture pupil of Berlin Academy from 1848 under ;

aided Daniele da Volterra in the embellish- Klober, and long his assistant in fresco
ment of the Rovere Chapel in Trinita de' painting. After a year in Paris (1860), he !

Monti, where he painted a Nativity of the devoted himself to the representation of do-
Virgin, and Giorgio Vasari, who calls him mestic animals, from his skill as a cattle
Bizzera, in the frescos of the Cancellaria in painter was surnamed Cow-Becker.
T
orks I

W :

the palace of Cardinal Farnese. Returned Blind Man's Buff, Village Scene, By the
to Spain in 1556, became sculptor to Philip Roadside in Spring, At the Brook, Uu- !

II. in 1562 and one of his painters in ordi- bidden Guests, Before the Parsonage, Halt
1

nary in 1563. He executed frescos in the at Forester's House, Before and After the
Alcazar of Madrid and many altarpieces, Christening. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 270 ;

few of which have survived, but devoted Miiller, 35.

most of his time to sculpture. A Sybil at- BECKER, AUGUST, bom in Darmstadt
tributed to him is in the Hermitage, St. in 1822. Landscape painter, pupil in
Petersburg, and a Magdalen in the Museo Darmstadt of Schilbach, then at Dtissel-
de Fomento, Madrid. Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. dorf Academy. In 1844 he visited Norway,
229, vii. 60, 681 Stirling, i. 241 Ch. Blanc, Switzerland,
;
and Tyrol, afterwards the
;

Ecole espagnole Cean Bermudez Meyer, Scotch Highlands, and was repeatedly
; ;

Kiiust. Lex., iii. 260. called to Balmoral to instruct the English

BECKENKAMP, KASPAR BENEDIKT, princesses in drawing and landscape paint-

born at Ehrenbreitstein, near Coblentz, ing. Works: Alpengliihen (1846); the Hu-
 BECK Kit
rongen in the Midnight Sun (1840); Nonvo- Surprised by ft Storm, New Pinakothek, Mu-
giaiiTable-land (1861); Evening in Berner I
nich Returning Harvesters. Meyer, K (I list
;

Oberlaud (1860 and 1867) Evening in Ba- ; Lex., iii. 267 Wolfgang Mflller, Diisael-
varian Highland (1862); The Eiger in Switz- dorf K, 236.
erland, Kaisergebirge in Tyrol (1864); Ko- BECKER, KARL (LUDWIG FRIED-
nigssee (1874) Wallensee in Switzerland,
; RICH), born in Ber-
Inundation on the Nether Rhine, The Dach- lin, Dec. 18, 1820.
stein (1876). Brockhaus, ii. 669; Mailer, History and genre
34. painter, pupil of
BECKER, FERDINAND, bora in Mentz Aug. von Klober in;

contemporary. Painter of fairy tales, pupil the Berlin Academy;

in Frankfort of Steiule. First exhibited at j
studied fresco under
Frankfort in 1874. Works: Story of the Hess at Munich i A.
'

Little Brother and Sister (1874) The Poor ; (1843), and after a
Servant (1875) ; Story of the Three Esquires year in Paris and two i

Roland (1877), Royal Cabinet of Engrav- years in Rome (1845-

'

of

iugs, Dresden. Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., iii. i

47) returned to Berlin to paint historical and
271 ; Kunst-Chrouik, ix. 398, x. 601, xii. ,

mythological pictures. Visited Venice sev-

548. eral times and collected materials for paiut-
|

BECKER, GEORGES, Paris ing Venetian Renaissance subjects, in repre-

born in
about 1845. Genro painter, pupil of Gi'- sentiug -which his improved colour showed
'

rume. Medals Paris, 1870 ; 2d class, 1872

: the influence of the masters of that school.
;

Philadelphia, 1876. Works In the Cata- Professor and senator of Berlin Academy.
:

combs (1868) ;
Orestes and the Furies Works Belisarius as a Beggar (1850) :
;

(1870); Martyr's Widow (1872) lUzpah Cecrops as Founder of Athens, Hyllus,

protecting the Bodies of her Children Mercury and Argus, Hypsipyle and Arehe-
j

(1873) ; Christian Martyr (1879) Irnage- morus, Cadmus as Dragon Slayer (frescos),
Seller of National Museum, Berlin ;
Christ on Lake
Pompeii, Genesareth, Fiddler in the Courtyard, Ca-
H. P. Kid- GEOHGE$.BECI^ puchin Sermon, Jeweller at Venetian Sena-
der, Boston.
Kunst-Chronik, viii. 71, x. tor's (1855) Visit at Venetian Nobleman's
;

532 ;
Am. Art Rev.(1880), 489 Meyer, ; (1857) Visit of Sebastian del Piombo to
;

Kiinst. Lex., iii. 271 Muller, 34. ;

Titian (1861) ; Doge in Council (1864) ;
BECKER, JAKOB, born at Dittelsheim, The Bravo, Carnival in Venice, Return from
near Worms, in 1810, died in Frankfort, Carnival, Venetian Balcony Scene, Charles
Dec. 22, 1872. Genre and landscape painter, V. at Titian's, Scene from Giitz von Berlich-

pupil of Diisseldorf Academy under Schir-

j
ingen (1869), Charle* I', and Fugger (1870),
mer ;
after painting landscapes and roman- National Gallery, Berlin ;
Dtlrer in Venice
tic scenes,he took up genre, choosing his (1873) Bianca Capello (1874) Coronation ; ;

subjects chiefly from peasant life. In 1840 of Ulrich von Hutten as Poet Laureate !

he became professor at the Stiidel Institute (1870), Cologne Museum In the Picture ;

in Frankfort. Works Knight and his Gallery, Scene from Marriage of Figaro
:

Sweetheart, Praying Peasant Family, Even- (1874) Emperor Maximilian receiving ;

ing at the Well, Departure of the Recruit, Venetian Embassy (1877) Othello (1880) ; ;

Returning Soldier Wounded Poacher,

; Carnival Festival in Doge's Palace (1881).
Raczynski Gallery, Berlin Shepherd struck ; ;
Works in the United States Italian :

by Lightning, Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort : Mother's Prayer, D. W. Powers, Rochester,

Peasant Family on Pilgrimage, Husbandmen i
N.
.
.; Cup of Tea, W. Richmond, Provi-
 BECKER
dence ; Farewell, W. H. Fosdick, Louis- BECKMANN, KARL, bom in Berlin,
viUe ;
Petition to the Doge (1860), W. T. March 23, 1799, died there, Oct. 2, 1859.
Walters, Baltimore ;
Good Morning, Vene- Landscape and architecture painter, pupil of
tian Lady, C. H. Wolff, Philadelphia Grand- Wach, visited Paris in 1824 and was in
;
Italy
father's Birthday, Mrs. W. P. Wilstach, in 1828-33. Was professor at the Berlin
Philadelphia Welcome Guests, J. T. Mar- Academy. Works: Monastery of S. Bene-
;

tin,Brooklyn Petitioning the Doge, C. P. detto near Subiaco, National Gallery, Ber-
:

Huntington, New York.- Brockhaus, ii. 670; lin. Jordan, 43.

Meyer, Kiiust. Lex., iii. 268 Mttller, 34 BECKMANN, KONRAD, born in Han-
; ;

Rosenberg, Berliner Malerschule, 91, 125 over, in 1846. Genre painter, pupil, in
;

Land und Meer (1883), ii. 909. 1866-68, of Munich Academy, then of
BECKER, LUDWIG HUGO, born at Piloty ; paints humorous subjects. Works :

Wesel, July 19, 1833, died in Dusseldorf, Tailor reading Newspaper (1868); Best Shot
Dec. 25, 1868. Landscape painter, pupil (1870); Sacrifice of a Village Poet Kunst-
at Dusseldorf Academy of Schirmer and Chrouik, v. 108, xiv. 142.
Gude, travelled afterwards in Westphalia, BECKMANN, LUDWIG, born in Han-
Switzerland, Normandy, and to the Baltic. over, Feb. 21, 1822. Animal painter; stu-
Works Sacrifice of the Ancient Germans dio in Dusseldorf. His spirited and truth-
:

(1856) Shepherd in the Pasture, Sunday ful boar and bear hunts have been bought
;

Morning, Passing Storm, Washerwomen at mostly in England. Brockhaus, ii. 675.

the Brook, Village in the Snow, Christmas BECKMANN, WTLHELM (HERMANN
Eve, Boys Bathing, Shepherd Boy, On the ROBERT AUGUST), born in Dasseldorf,
Heights (1867) Vintage on the Moselle. ;
Oct. 3, 1852. History painter, pupil of Dus-
Blauckaris, 32 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 270
;
Academy (1869-72), then until 1874
;
seldorf
Zeitsch. f. b. K., viii. 275. of RBeudeman, after whose compositions he
BECKER, PETER, born in Frankfort, executed some decorations in the Cornelius
Nov. 10, 1828. Landscape and architecture room of the National Gallery in Berlin.
painter pupil at Stadel Institute, under Works Communion of the Hussites before
;
:

Jakob Becker and Hessemer. The banks of Battle (1874); Gudrun (1877); Surrender of
the Rhine have furnished him with subjects Fortress Rosenberg in 1427 (1880). Kunst-
for many landscapes. Member of Societu Chronik, ix. 682, xii. 665.
beige des Aquarellistes. Thirty large views BECKWITH, JAMES CARROLL, born
of old Frankfort (cartoons), Rhine landscapes in Hannibal, Mo., Sept, 23, 1852. Figure
in oil and water colours. Meyer, Kfiust. and portrait painter, pupil, in 1873, of
Lex., iii. 269. Carolus Duran and of the Ecole des Beaux
BECKERATH, MORITZ VON, born at Arts in Paris. Sketched in Spain and Nor-
Crefeld in 1838. History painter, pupil at mandy in 1880-81. Member of Society of
Dilsseldorf Academy of Kehren, then from American Artists. Studio in New York.
1859, in Munich, of Schwind. Works Works: Christian Martyr, Head of a Child
:

Death of Duke Ulrich of

Wiirtemberg (1881); Azalea, Model's Breakfast (1882);
(1869), Schack Gallery, Cordelia, Summer (1883)
Burial of Alaric, Vivian .(1884). ;

Munich The Dream, Tragedy by Heine, Portraits Wm. M. Chase, Ethel (1882)
;
:
;

Lear and the Fool, Napoleon's Retreat from Miss Jordan (1883).
Moscow (1866); Gotz of Berlichingen with BECQUET, HENRI JEAN, born at
the Gipsies, Scenes from Crusades, Offering Bruges in 1812, died there, Oct. 19, 1855.
of the German Crown by Louis II. of Ba- History painter, pupil at Bruges Academy
varia (1874). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 272 of Dumery, then at Antwerp Academy of
;

Illustr. Zeitg. (1871), ii. 348. N. de Keyzer after his return became pro- ;
 BEDAFF
fessor at Bruges Academy. Works: Last acter. Cat. Nat. Port. Gal; Redgrave; F.
Moments of Mozart Holy Family, Acad- de Conches, 327 Ch. Blanc, ficole anglaise
; ; ;

emy, Bruges Martyrdom of St. Philemon, Art Union Journal (1839); Meyer, iii. 277
;
;

St. John's Hospital, ib. Biog. nat. de Bel- Sandby, i. 311.

gique, ii. 76. BEELT, CORXELIS, second half of
BEDAFF, ANTONIS VAN, born at Ant- 17th century. Dutch school landscape ;

werp, Dec. 25, 1787, died at Brussels in 1829. and genre painter in the manner of Claes
History and portrait painter, pupil of the Molenaer, and Helmont, the elder. Works :

Central School at Antwerp, but formed him- Interior of Weaver's Room, Ferdinandeum,
self principally by study of the Dutch mas- Innsbruck
.

do., and Coast View, Mannheim

;

ters of the 17th century for a long time Gallery

; ; Strand of Schevoningen, P. von
professor and director of the school of de- Semenoff, St. Petersburg. Meyer, Kdnst.
sign at Bois-le-Duc ; settled afterwards at Lex., iiL 281.
Brussels. Works: First Meeting of the BEER, WILHELM(AMANDUS), Ixmi
Estates General at Dordrecht in 1572, Last in Frankfort, Aug. 9, 1837. Genre painter,
Interview of William of Orange with Eg- pupil of his great-uncle, the
landscape
mont, Confederation of the Nobles, National painter Radl, then studied history painting
Museum, Amsterdam. Biog. uat. de Bel- in Stadel Institute under Steinle. Having
gique, ii. 76. visited the Bavarian Alps, he took up genre
BEDOLO, GIROLAMO. See Mazzola,' painting, especially peasant life. After re-
Girolamo. peated sojourns in Russia he returned to
BEECHEY, Sir WILLIAM, born at Frankfort in 1870. Works Thomas of Bo- :

Burford, Oxfordshire, Dec. 12, 1753, died at logna visiting Albrecht Dllrer St. Cecilia ; ;

Hampstead, Jan. 28, 1839. Admitted a The Meistersiugei-8 Banquet at a Nurem- ;

student of the Eoyal Academy, London, in berg Patrician's Arrival of Church Bell in
;

1772, and after painting portraits and pict- Bavarian Village Return of the Best Shot
; ;

ures in Hogarth's manner several years in Turkish Prisoners in Russian Town Peas- ;

Norwich returned to London, where he long ants' Festival on St. Nicholas Day Russian ;

enjoyed uninterrupted favour with the fash- Gipsy Camp On the River-B.inks of a Rus-
;

ionable world. In 1793 he painted a por- sian Town First Turkish Prisoners in Do-
;

trait of Queen Charlotte and was appointed Exhibited at Munich (1883):

rogobush.
by her royal portrait painter, and became Fair in Slednova, Horse Market in Russian
an A.R.A. In 1798 he painted the large Village, Gipsies in a Ravine. Mailer, 36.
equestrian picture, now at Hampton Court, BEERNAERT, EUPHROSINE, born at
of George III. at a Review in Hyde Park, Osteiul, Belgium, April 11, 1831. Land-
and in the same year became R.A. and was scape painter pupil, in Brussels, of P. L.
;

knighted. He is said to have exhibited 362 Kuhnen travelled in Germany, France,

;

portraits at the Academy. As examples of and Italy. Medals in Vienna (1873), Brus-
his style may be cited his own portrait, and sels (1875), Philadelphia (1H7C), Sidney
those of Sir F. Bourgeris, George Rose, and (1879), Melbourne (1880); Order of Leopold
Mrs. Siddous, in the National Portrait Gal- (1881). Paints chiefly Dutch views. Works:
lery, the portrait of Joseph Nollekens in the The Brook (1867); Old Oaks, lasiere de
National Academy, that of George TTT. in bois dans les dunes (1878); Village of Dom-
the Waterloo Chapel, Windsor, and that of burg (1878); Wood at Oost-Kapel (1878).
Mr. Coffin in the possession of his descend- Meyer, Kiiusi Lex., iii. 28G.
ant, Miss Robbius, in Boston, Mass. He BEERS, JAN VAN, born in Belgium;
was successful in likenesses, but his women contemporary. Genre and portrait painter ;

are wanting in grace and his men in char- studio in Antwerp. Works Long Live the:
j

181
 BEEESTEAATEN
Gueux (1874) ; Jacob van Maerlandt (1875); Dresden Gallery.
! Havard, A. & A., holl.,
Trial forWitchcraft (1876); Faust and iii. 1 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 287. ;

Mephistopheles, Black in Black, Evening BEEST, ALBEET VAN, born at Eotter-

Fancy, Page of 17tli century (1877); Peo- dam, June 11, 1820, died in New York, Oct.
ple's Gratitude (1877); L'Enfant au Tarin 8, 1860. Marine painter, self-taught ac- ;

(1878); Triptych with Death of Jacob Van companied,

when quite young, Prince Henry
Maerlandt (1879); Summer Evening (1880); of the Netherlands on a three years' journey
Entombment (1883), Church of Krolingen. to the East, went in 1845 to America, where
Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 287 Kunst- he lived mostly in Boston and New York and
;

Chronik, xiii. 274, 707 xiv. 721.

; acquired considerable reputation. William
BEEESTBAATEN, A., second half of 17th Bradford and B. Swain Gifford were his
century. Dutch school ; landscape painter ; pupils. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 289.
flourished probably at Amsterdam BEEST, SYBEAND VAN,
;
identi- flourished at

fied, by Havard, with Jan B., but wrongly The Hague in 1635-71. Dutch school ;
land-

so, as the following works are all signed scape and genre painter, apparently influ-
and well authenticated as his Great Win- enced :
by Jan van Goyen. Works Parade :

ter Landscape, Amsterdam Museum ;

Fro- on Coast of Scheveningen (1643), Municipal
zen Biver with Skaters, Berlin Museum ; Museum, Hague Market Scene, Eotterdam
;

Winter Landscape (1664), Copenhagen Museum ; Vegetable Market (attributed to

Gallery. Several in
private galleries. S.Bles), Stuttgart Gallery; do., (1635), Liech-
Havard, A. & A., iii. 1 ; Meyer, Gemiilde tenstein Gallery, Vienna Pig Market (1668), ;

kongl. Mus., 30 Eepertorium,

;
iii. 442 ; iv. Peasant's Boom (attributed to I. van Ostade),
300. Stockholm Museum. Archief v. Nederl. K.,
BEEBSTEAATEN, JAN, born in Am- iv. 117, 129 Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 289. ;

sterdam, baptized May 31, 1622, died there BEGA, COENELIS PIETEESZ, born in
in 1G87. Dutch school landscape and ma-
; Haarlem, bap-
rine painter. His favourite subjects were tized Nov. 15,
winter scenes, with groups of small figures, 1620,diedthere,
painted with great harmony of colour, and Aug. 27, 1664.
fine contrasts of light and shade. Lingel- Dutch school ;

bach usually supplied the figures in his ma- genre painter,

rine pieces. Works Ancient Port of Genoa,
:
one of the best
Louvre Euins of old Town Hall (1652),
; pupils of Adrian
City Interior in AVinter, Sea Battle (1666),
van Ostade,
Two Winter Views of Amsterdam, Winter though by no
Landscape, Museum, Amsterdam ; St. Olof 's meanshis equal.
Chapel, Six Collection, ib.; Winter View
Works Peas- :

of old Town Hall at Amsterdam, An Italian ants' Concert,

Seaport, Eotterdam Museum ;
View of Scholar in his
Dutch Church, Haarlem Gate at Amster- Study, Amster-
dam Museum Saying Grace, Van der Hoop
;

Museum, ib. Company of Smokers, Lille

;

Museum Eustic Interior (1662), Louvre,

;

Paris Two Ballad Singers, Alchymist in

;

Three (two his Laboratory, Cassel Gallery ;

dam, Copenhagen Museum Winter View dated 1663), Stadel Gallery, Frankfort; Den-
;

of Dutch Town, Berlin Museum Eocky tist, Moltke Gallery, Copenhagen; Musical
;

Coast with Vessels, Storm near Coast, Couple, Stockholm Museum; Tippling Scene,

last
 liEGAS
Scbwerin Gallery; Peasants in Tavern (1G03), Naznrenes (German Pre-Raphaclites) but ;

Peasant Family, Weaver's Room, Hermitage, afterwards treated history and genre in the
St. Petersburg Weaver's Room, Peterhof
; ; romantic style of the Dilsseldorf school. Hu
Lute Player (1662), Peasant Family, Peas- painted portraits
ants in a Tavern, Berlin Museum
Peasants of man}* celebrat- ;

Dancing, Dresden Gallery do., Old Pina- ed persons, such

;

kothek, Munich Room with Peasants, Room as

; Humboldt,
with two Women (attributed to S.vau Hoog- Schelliug, Corne-
straeten), Vienna Museum Satyr Blowing lius, Mendels- ;

Warm and Cold, Pesth Museum Lute Play- sohn, etc., and ;

ers, Card was long court

painter and pro-
Uffiz?*- fessor at the Ber-
Florence; One (16fi2), Dublin Gallerj-. Ch. 1 i n Academy.
Blanc, Kcole hollundaise Meyer, Kflust. ;
,
Works : Christ on
Lex., iii. 290 ; Van der Willigen, 75. Mount of Olives (1818), Garnisonskirche,
BEGAS, ADALBERT FRAN/ KUGEN, Berlin ; Coming of the Holy Ghost (1821),
boni in Berlin, March
History, Cathedral, ib.; Resurrection (1827), Werder
5, 1836.
genre, and portrait painter, third son of Church, ib. ; Tobias and the Angel (1835),
Karl Begas. Studied engraving for five Portrait of Thorwaldsen, National Gallery,
years under Lflduitz, in 18(50 went to Paris ib. Baptism of Christ, Garnisonskirche, ;

and copied in the Louvre, and in 18G2 to Potsdam; Portrait of his Parents (1821),
Weimar, where lie became the pupil of Bock- Cologne Museum Sermon on the Mount ;

lin. Visited 1863-69, and made (1831); Exposing of Moses (1832) Lurley
Italy in ;

copies of Titian and Raphael. Painted (1834); Henry IV. at Canossa (1836) Maid- ;

originally idyllic and mythological pictures en from Afar, Mediicval King listening to
and a great many very good portraits. Page playing the Harp (1838); Glorifica-
Works Portrait of himself (1800), Mother tion of Christ (1839)
: Christ prophesying ;

and Child (1803), National Gallery, Berlin the Fall of Jerusalem (1840) Three Girls
; ;

Portrait of a Lady (18G6), Cupid and Psyche resting in the Sliade of an Oak (1842) ;

(18G7) Resurrection (1868)

; SL Cecilia Mohrenwilsche (1842) replica, National Gal-
; ;

(1869) Cupid finding Psyche (1870) Das lery, Berlin do., Raveuc Gallery, ib. Christ
; ; ; ;

Volkslied, Othello and Desdemona, Genii on Mount of Olives (1842); Christ Calling
of Spring (1881) In Midsummer (1881) ; the Heavy Laden (1844); Christ Crucified
;

The Last Friend, Little Beginnings, Por- (1846) Adam and .

traits. Brockhaus, ii. G90 Meyer, Kflnst. ;

Eve beside the Body
Lex., iii. 305 ; Miiller,38 lUustr. Zeitg.
;
of Abel (1848); Be-

(1871), ii. 211 ; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., trayal of Our Lord (1852). Allgem. d.
76. Biogr., ii. 269 Ch. Blanc, Ecole allemaudc;
;

BEGAS, KARL, born at Heiusberg, Sept. Merlo, 33 ; Meyer, Kflnst Lex., iii. 300 ;

30, 1794
died in Berlin, Nov. 24, 1854. Raczynski,
;
iii. 27 ; Rosenberg, Berl. Maler-
History and portrait painter. Studied at sch., 61.
Bonn in 1801, under Philippart, and at Paris BEGAS, OSKAR, born in Berlin, July 31,
in 1812, under Gros. Passed successively 1828, died there, Nov. 10, 1883. History
under the influence of the old German and and portrait painter, son and pupil at Berlin
in 1852 to
early Italian masters. Went to Italy in 1822, Academy of Karl Begas ; went
and in 1834 returned to Berlin, where he Rome, and after his return, in 1854, devoted
at first painted in the style of the so-called himself chiefly to portrait painting. Works :

1*1
 EEGAS
Fall of Pompeii (1852); Conversation (1853), Gb'ttingen, Schwerin Galleries, Hermitage,
National Gallery, Berlin Descent from St. Petersburg (2), Liechtenstein Gallery,
;

Cross (1853), St. Michael's Church, Berlin ;

Portraits of Sculptor Sussmann (1856), of

Johannes von Muller (1858), of Count
Schwerin Putzar (1858), of Cornelius (1861),
Antwerp Museum of Paulina Lucca, Crown
;

Prince of Prussia, Princess Victoria (1866), Vienna. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 307; Riegel,
Count von Moltke (1868), King William Beitnige, ii. 389.

(1869), Reception of the Salzburg Protestants BEGGROFF, ALEXANDER CARLO-

in Potsdam (1864), Frederic the Great in the VICH, born in St.
Petersburg, Dec. 17, 1841.
Chapel at Charlottenburg (1868), Diana and Marine painter, son of the water colour
Actu-on, Six Scenes from Cupid and Psyche, painter and lithographer Carl Petrovich B. ;

Thirteen Allegories, Berlin City Hall Snipe pupil of St. Petersburg Academy, then in
;

Hunting on Riigen (1872) Chase iu the Paris (1871-74) of Bogoljuboff.

; Works:
Woods (1876) Venus Resting, Judgment of Views of Canea, Plymouth, Havre, Rouen,
;

Paris, Mother's Joy, Gretchen, Eva, Editha Etretat, Fecamp, Dordrecht Views in Liv- ;

(1881). Brockhaus, ii. 689 Meyer, Kiinst. land Mouth of the Neva, Baird's Factory,
; ;

Lex., iii. 302 Muller, 37; Rosenberg, Berl. and Exchange at St. Petersburg
; Harbor ;

Malersch., 75. at Peterhof ;

The Steamships Dershava,
BEGAS, PARMENTIER LUISE, born Grand Duke Constantine, Svietlana (1872-
in Vienna contemporary.
; Architecture 81) Winter View of St. Petersburg (1878). ;

and landscape painter pupil in Vienna of Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 309.
;

Schindler visited Constantinople, then sev-

;
(Behaim, Behem), BARTHEL, BEHAM
eral times Italy, especially Venice, Rome, born in Nuremberg in 1502, died in Venice
and Taormina in Sicily ;
studio in Berlin in 1540.German school ; history and por-
since 1877, when she was married to Adal- trait painter, pupil of DOrer. In 1524 he
bert Begas. Works: Venetian Vistas, Kitchen was accused of heresy, and exiled, together
Interior in Sicily, Burial-Ground in Scutari. with his brother, Hans Sebald, and George
Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 306 ; Miiller, In 1527 was at Munich, in service of
38 ;
Pencz.
Zeitschr. f. b. K, xiii. 378 ; Kunst-Clrrouik, Duke William of Bavaria, who sent him
xv. 549. afterwards to Italy. Was also an engraver,
BEGEIJN (Bega), ABRAHAM CORNE- and one of the so-called Little Masters.
LISZ, born at Leyden(?) in 1621 or 1622, Works Palatine Otto Heinrich (1535), Augs- :

died in Berlin, June 11, 1697. Dutch school burg Gallery five panels with Saints, Christ ; ;

landscape, animal, marine, and still-life on Mount of Olives, Berlin Museum three ;

painter settled at The Hague since 1653, pictures with Saints and Donors, altarpiece
;

went to Berlin as court painter to the Elector with Coronation of the Virgin (1536), do.,
of Brandenburg in 1688. In his earlier with SS. Ann, Andrew, Erasmus, etc., Christ
works he approaches the manner of Asselyn, on the Cross, four panels with Saints, Fiir-
in his later ones that of Berchem. Works stenberg Gallery, Donaueschingen three :
;

Coast near Naples, Brussels Museum Still panels with portraits of King Ferdinand's ;

Life in Italian Landscape (1653), Bordeaux Children (?), Amsterdam Museum altar- ;

Museum Wood Landscape, Landscape with piece with Flagellation and Saints, Kunst-
;

Thistles, Butterflies, and Birds, Brunswick halle, Carlsruhe Miracle of the Cross ;

Gallery Landscapes with Cattle, in the (1530), Death of Curtius (1540), King Louis
;

Louvre, Paris, the Amsterdam (1660) and of Hungary, Old Pinakothek, Munich Christ ;

Berlin Museums, Copenhagen (3), Oldenburg, bearing the Cross, Maurice Chapel, Nurem-

124
 1JKIIAM
'

berg two portraits of Bavarian Princes, (1839); Winter Landscape (1840); Hetlango
;

Nostitz Gallery, Prague; fifteen do., Schleiss- Voorhout, Hague (1842); Ruins of old Cu-
j

heim Gallery Two altar wings with Saints, tle, Pavilion, Haarlem. Immerzeel, L 39.
;

Sigmaringen Museum ;
St. Bruno in the !
BEHRENDSEN, AUGUST, born in Mag-
Desert, Stuttgart Gallery. Allgem. d.Biogr., Landscape pointer, pupil deburg, in 1810.
ii.277; Keaue, Early Masters, 151; Meyer, at Berlin Academy of Schirmer, to whose
Kdnst. Lex., iii. 311; Scott, Little Masters, style he adhered in most of his landscapes ;
49 W. & W., ii. 410 Rosenberg, S. & B. settled in Konigsberg, where, in 1855, Lo
; ;

Beham, Leipsic, 1875. became professor at the Academy obtained :

BEHAM (Behaim, Behem), HANS SE- the gold medal in 1862, and was made
BALD, born at Nuremberg iu 1500, died in member of the Berlin Academy iu 1869. j

Frankfort, Nov. 2'2, 1550. German school Studio at Merou, Tyrol. Works : View near
;

banished, with his brother Burthel, in 1524, Conegliauo, Landscape in the style of Claudo
but seems to have returned to Nuremberg, Lorrain, Mill on Mountain Brook, Morning
and afterwards led a wandering life, apj>ear- in the Alps (Konigsberg Museum); Evening
ing iu Munich, 1530, and settled in Frank- iu the Salzburg Mountains, View on the
fort in 1534. Was most prominent as one Traun Hills, On Lake Como, On the Coast
of the Little Masters, excelling as a paint- of Genoa, Coast near Nice, Evening on the
er only iu miniatures. Works Table-Top, Haff, Clearing in Pinewood, Lake in the
:

with Scenes from Life of David, Louvre High Alps, From Northern Tyrol. Diosku- ;

do. with Bathers, etc., Wiesbaden Museum; rt-n (1860), 384 (1861), 245 (1864), 431 ; ; ;

Scenes of (1866), 58, 369; (1867), 156; Kugler, KL

Ba thing, Sehriften, iii. 574, 677; Kunstblatt (1855),
Shippingaud 395; (1866), 432; (1857), 122; Meyer,
Hunting, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 336.
Berlin Mu- BEICH, JOACHIM FRANZ, born at
seum. Allgem. d. Biogr., ii. 279; Keane, Ravensburg, Oct. 15, 1665, died in Munich
Early Masters, 144 Kugler (Crowe), i. 179 ; in 1748.
; Landscape and battle painter,
Meyer, Kiuist. Lex., iii. 318 Scott, Little pupil and of son Daniel Beich (flourished at
;

Masters, 49 W. & W., ii. 407 Rosenberg, Ravensburg and Munich second half of 17th
; ;

S. & B. Beham. century); completed his studies iu Italy after

BEHMER, HERMANN, born at Merzien, Poussin, and became court painter to the
Anhalt, in 1831. Genre and portrait painter, Elector of Bavaria. His pictures ore arti-
pupil from 1853 in Berlin of Steffeck, and ficial, but often grand in composition.
at the Academy, then (1856) in Paris, at the Works Prophet Elijah, John Baptist, and :

cole des Beaux Arts, and of Flandriu and others, Old Pinakothek, Munich; eleven great
Couture. After a two years' journey through Episodes from the Turkish War (1683-88),
he Schleissheim Gallery others in Vienna
Italy, Egypt, and Palestine in 1866-68, ;

settled in Berlin, whence in 1873 he re- Museum ; Brunswick, Manheim, and Stutt-
moved to Weimar. Medal, in Philadelphia, gart Galleries. Kugler (Crowe), ii. 567 ;
1876. Works : Girl with Wild Roses, In- Meyer, Kflnst. Lex., iii. 337.

terior of House at Bethlehem (1868). BEIDEMANN, ALEXANDER JEGORO-

Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., iii.VICH, born in St Petersburg, Aug. 17,
335.
BEHR, CAREL JACOBUS, born at The 1826, died there, Feb. 27, 1869. History
the St Peters-
Hague, July 9, 1812. Architecture painter, and portrait painter, pupil of
pupil of B. J. van Hove member of Amster- burg Academy
;
visited Germany, Italy, ;

dam Academy, 1837. Works View of City and France in 1857-60 after his return
: ;

Hall at The Hague (1836); Biuueuhof, ib. Ixjcanie member of the Academy, and in

135
 BEINKE
1861 professor. In 1863 and 1865 he trav- BELGIOJOSO, CARLO BARBIANODI,
elled in the Crimea, and in 1868 went to Count, born in Milan, Aug. 17, 1815, died
Paris to paint altarpieces for the Russian there, June 22, 1881. Pupil of Milan Acad-
churches there. Works St. John Baptist emy, under Hayez in 1840 went to Rome,
:
;

in the Desert (1852); Flight into Egypt and studied works of Raphael for two years.

(1853); Come unto Me (1854); Christ in On his return to Milan devoted himself to
House of Mary and Martha (1855); Views painting until 1854, when he abandoned
and Costumes from Italy and Bavaria, art for a literary career. In 1860-1880 he
Procession of the Host in Italy, Savoyard was President of the Academy. His paint-
Girl at her Mother's Grave, Ruth and ings show little talent, but are carefully ex-
Boaz, Girl Drinking from a Spring, Lovers ecuted. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 347.
on a Terrace, Inn in Bavaria (1860), Appari- BELIN, JEAN, born at Caen, baptized
Nov. 9, 1653, died in
Paris, Feb. 12, 1715.
Commonly called Jean
Baptiste Blin, or Blain
de Fontenay. Painter
of still life, pupil of
Monnoyer, whose daugh-
ter he married. Mem-
ber of the Academy in
1G87. Employed by
Monnoyer in all his
works in the royal cas-
tles and public build-
ings, he soon won the
favor of Louis XTV., and
received numerous or-
ders for works at Ver-
sailles,Marly, Compi-
egne, and Fontainebleau.
Works Collection of his
:

Belisarius, Jacques Louis David, Louvre, Paris.

paintings in Grand Tri-
tion the Virgin (1860); Assumption anon
of ;
two in the Louvre, others in the
(1863). Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., iii. 338. Museum of Caen, Bayeux, Rennes, Orleans,
BEINKE, FRITZ, born in Diisseldorf, Avignon, Tours, and Marseilles. Meyer,
April 23, 1842. Genre painter, pupil of the Ktlnst. Lex., iii. 348 D'Argenville, Abrege, ;

Diisseldorf Academy under Millie r, Sohn, iv. 280; C16mont de Ris, Les Musees de
and Bendemann, then studied, travelling on Province, 115 Larousse. ;

repeated journeys through Germany, and BELISARIUS, Jacques Louis David, Lou-
northern Italy. Works: Visit of Condo- vre, Paris; canvas, H. 3 ft. 4 in. x 3ft. 8 in.;
lence (1866); Rag-Picker in Black Forest signed, dated Paris, 1784. The blind Roman
(1868); Prayer (1871); Return from Excur-general, reduced to beggary, seated at en-
sion (1873); Forester at Breakfast (1873);
trance of a temple at right, is recognized by
The Juggler (1874); Meeting in the Field one of his old soldiers as a woman drops an
(1875); Long Live the Emperor! (1876); obolus into the helmet, held by his young
Flower Girl (1877). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., companion. Salon, 1785. Engraved by
iii. 342. Morel Sisco. This picture
;
is a reduction of

186
 BELLA
the original, by Fabre and Girodet, retouched braided ornaments and slashed sleeves, her
and signed by David. The original (about auburn hair plaited and twisted around her
10 feet square), painted in 1780, was bought head, and a gold chain on her neck; one
by the Elector of Treves, and passed to Lu- hand holds a chain of gold. Pointed about
cien Bonaparte. Landon, Musi-e, i. PL 13; 1534. Called by some a portrait of the Duch-
Filhol, xi. PL 20 Villot, Cat. Louvre.
; by others of Violante, daughter
ess of Urbino,

By F. Gerard, private gallery, Munich Palma Vecchio. Engraved by Guadag-

;
of
canvas, H. 7 ft. 8 in. x5 ft, 7 in. Belisarius, nini C. & C., Titian, L 391 GaL du PaL ;

fulllength, standing, bearing in his arms a Pitti, i. PL 112 Burckhardt, 719. ;

youth who appears to be dying from the Attributed to Titian, Palazzo Sciarra,
" A fine
bite of a serpent, which still clings to his Rome. portrait by Palma Vecchio."
leg ;
the blind general, seeking the road C. & C., Titian, L 66 ; ii. 442.
with his staff, is walking along the edge of By Titian, Vienna Museum ; canvas, H.
a precipice. Engraved 3 ft 2 in. x 2 ft. Same portrait as Bella
Painted in 1800.
by Desnoyers. Landon, Musee, ii. PL 5C. of the Hermitage, loosely dressed in a black
BELLA DI TIZIANO, Titian, Hermitage, satin pelisse lined with ermine, with hair
St. Petersburg ; canvas, H. 3 ft. x2 ft. o} in. twisted and adorned with pearls. Bought
A slender girl, half-length, in a brownish in Spain by Charles V. Engraved by Bartsch.
C.& C., Titian, 393. i.

BELLANGfi, EUGfcXE, born in Rouen,

Feb. 16, 1837. Military genre painter, son
and pupil of J. L. H. Bellango ; pupil also
of Picot In 1861 he painted scenes from
the Italian campaign of 1859 has recently ;

devoted himself to illustrating French sol-

dier types in water colours (Salon, 1877-78).
Works: A Morning in Dieppe (1880); The
Cobbler's House (1883). Meyer, Kiinst
Lex., iii. 362.
BELLAXGI5, (JOSEPH LOUIS) HIP-
POLYTE, born in Paris, Feb. 16, 1800,
died there, April 10, 1866. History and
genre painter, pupil of Gros and of the
ficole des Beaux Arts. First attracted at-
tention by his lithographs. Exhibited in
nearly every salon from 1822 to 1866. Med-
als: 2d class, 1824, 1855 L. of Honour, ;

1834 ; Officer, 1861 ; Director of the Rouen

Museum, 1837-54. Many of his works have
Bella di Tiziano, Titian, Palazzo Pitli, Florence. been engraved. Works: Battle of Mos-
red hat decorated with ostrich feathers and cowa (1822), Plaster-Cast Peddler (1833),
pearls bracelet of precious stones on arm,
;
Return from Elba (1834), Battle of Fleurus,
pearl ear-rings, and necklace. Belonged to Blow with the Stirrup (1836), Battle of
Crozat Collection. Engraved by Sanders. Wagrain (1837), Battle of Loano (1838),
C. & 393 Cat Hermitage, 44.
C., Titian, i. ;
Battle of Alteukirchen, Soldier's Family,

By Titian, Palazzo Pitti, Florence can- ;

Custom House in Lower Normandy (1839),

vas, H. 3 ft 3 in. x 2 ft. 6 in. A young Battle of Hondschoote (1840), Assault of

woman, half-length, in a low dress, with Teniah de Mouzui'a, Soldier in the Hospital

U7
 BELLANGEK
(1841), Conscript Departing, Soldier Re- of Academy in 1703 held in great member ;

turning (1842), Battle of Corogne (1843), honour by the French and Polish courts
Battle of Ocaiia (1845), Versailles Museum and the Pretender James HI. Works Por- ;
:

Trumpeter's Farewell, Kellermann's Charge traits of Maria Leczinska and Son, of Dau-
at Marengo (1847), Rouen Museum The phin Louis, of the Sculptor Lerambert, of ;

Gallant Hussar (1849); Good Priest, Mayor's himself, Versailles Museum Portraits of ;

Harangue (1850) Passage of the;Guad- Louis XIV., his Queen, his Sisters, Duch-
arrama, Eetreat from Russia, Review after ess of Orleans, Stanislaus Leczinska, Car-
the Battle (1852), Emperor of Russia dinal Polignac. Dussieux, Memoirs inedits, ;

Charge of Cuirassiers (1853) Battle of ii. 233 Jal, 187 Larousse Meyer, Kiinst.
; ; ; ;

Alma, Night- Watch (1855) Capturing a Lex., 369. ;

Russian Ambush (1857), Farewell Salute, BELLE, AUGUSTIN LOUIS, born in

Battle in Streets of Magenta, Assault on Paris in 1757, died there, Jan. 12, 1841.
Malakoff (1859), Marseilles Museum ; Two History painter, son and pupil of Clement
Friends (1861); Incident of Battle of Louis B. Succeeded his father in 1806 as
Magenta (1863) ;
Cuirassiers at Waterloo, I
inspector of the Gobelins manufactory.
Marching Past after Victory (1865) Beaten ;
Works Tobias Blessed by his Father
:

Squadron of Cavalry, The Guard Dies, his (1788); Ruth and Boaz(1791); Mars crown-
last work (18G6). Larousse Meyer, Kiinst. ;
ed by Venus (1801); Allegory of Peace
Lex., iii. 361 Meyer, Gesch., 473
;
Revue ; (1817), Rouen Museum; Hagar in the Desert
des d. Mondes, 1866, June 1 Kunst-Chro- ; (1819), Tours Museum. Meyer, Ktinst.
nik, i. 62. Lex., iii. 369 Bellier.
;

BELLANGER, CAMELLE FELIX, born BELLE, CLEMENT LOUIS MARIE

in Paris contemporary. History painter,
; ANNE, bom in Paris, Nov. 16, 1722, died
pupil of A
Cabanel, and of Bouguereau. there, Sept. 29, 1806. History painter, son I

Medal, 2d class, 1875. Works: Death of of Alexis Simon, pupil of his mother Marie
Abel (1875), Luxembourg Museum Cleom- Nicole Horthemels and of Fran<;ois Lemoine ; ;

brotusll., King of Sparta (1876); Bacchante member of Academy in 1761 professor in ;

(1877) Angel at the Tomb (1877)

;
Scene 1765 and rector in 1790. After 1755 In- ;

from Hell, after Dante (1878); Scene from spector of the Gobelins manufactory, Paris.
Dante (1879) Idyl, Young Faun (1880); Works: Purification of the Churches after
;

Twilight and Morning (1881) Coucou the Desecration of 1722 (1759), St. Merry,
;
!

(1882); Cupid Asleep, A Florist (1883) Au Paris Archangel Michael as Victor (1767), ; ;

Luxembourg Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., Soissons Cathedral

(1885). Christ, Parliament- ;

iii. 363; Kunst-Chronik, xii. 618. Building, Dijon Return of the Prodigal ;

BELLAY, PAUL ALPHONSE, bom in Son, Lille Museum. Larousse Meyer, ;

Paris, March 22, 1826. and genre Kiinst. Lex., iii. 369.
Portrait

painter, pupil of Picot and of

Heuriquel BELLE FERONNIERE, Leonardo da
Dupont entered in 1851 the Ecole des Vinci, Louvre
; wood, H. 2 ft. x 1 ft. 5 ;

Beaux Arts, and received in 1852 the Roman in. Bust, head three quarters, turned to
prize for engraving. Since 1861 exhibited left, dressed in a red robe, ornamented with
first Italian genre subjects then mostly embroidery and gold bauds hair confined
; ;

water colour copies after Raphael. Medals with a feronniere or frontlet. Long sup-
in 1866, 1867, 1869 L. of Honour, 1873. ; posed to be a portrait of the noted mistress
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 368. of Francis I., La Feronniere, so called either
BELLE, ALEXIS SIMON, born in Paris, because she was the wife of a rich feronnier
Jan. 12, 1674, died there, Nov. 21, 1734. (iron-monger) or of a bourgeois named Jean
Portrait painter, pupil of Franyois de Troy ; Foron, whose jealousy is said to have been

128
 BELLE
the primal cause of the king's death. Be-
Washing at Low Tide, Clearing in the
lieved by some to be the portrait of Lucrezia
Woods, Charcoal-Burners' Hut (1874);
Crivelli, mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke Fleet of Sardine Fishermen
(1875); Cutting
of Milan, painted by Leonardo about 1497 in the Woods, In the Woods with Hoar-
;

and by M. Delucluze a likeness of Ginevra Frost

(1879); Fish-Pond in Forest of Aigne
Benci. But the picture is called by Pere (1880); Before a Storm, Autumn
(1881);
Dan in his Tresor des Merveilles de Fon- Fishing in Arctic
Regions at Hammerfest,
tainebleau (1642), portrait of a Duchess of Town of
Karasjok in Lapland (1882);
Pierced Rock in Calvados, Pond in
May
(1883); Life in the Forest, Swamp in Isle of
France (1884); Hoar Frost L'Art
(1885).
(1875), i. 281.
BELLEGAMBE, JEAN (Jehan), born at
Douai, about 1475 (?), died there after 1533.
Flemish school history painter, and one
;

of the best masters in Flanders of that

period enjoyed great fame, especially in his
;

native city, and was

styled lo maltre des
couleurs. Works Polyptych with Trinity
:

and eight other pictures (about 1511), Notre

Dame, Douai two altarwings with Glori-
;

fication of the Virgin Museum,

(1526), ib.;
Adoration of Infant Christ (1528),
Prepar-
ing for Crucifixion, Cathedral, Arras Altar ;

with Last Judgment, Berlin Museum ;

Adoration of the Magi (?), Madrid Museum.

Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 126 Forster, ;

Denkmole, x. iii. 7 ;
Meyer, Kdnst Lex., iii.
371 Michiels, iv. 150 W. & W., ii. 525.
; ;
Belle Feronniere, Leonardo dt Vinci, Louvre.
BELLEL, born in JEAN JOSEPH,
Mantua, and it has lately been shown that Paris, Jan. 26, 1810. Landscape painter ;

Leonardo really painted (1500) a portrait of pupil of Onvrie sent his first picture to the ;

Isabella d'Este Gonzaga, Marchioness of Salon of 1836. In 1856 he visited Alge-

Mantua. As the features are wholly unlike ria, and has drawn many of his subjects
those of Isabella in Titian's picture in the from there. He is noted for his charcoal
Vienna Museum, La Belle Feronniere may drawings. Medal, 1st class, 1848 L. of ;

be considered still unidentified. Vosari, Honour, 1860. Works View of the Close :

ed. Mil., iv. 61Clement, 214

;
Rigollot, of St. Mark in Roueu (1836); Christ and the
;

Hist, des Arts, 297 Heaton, Leonardo, Samaritan Woman, Environs of Clermont,
i. ;

15, 268 ; Acad. (1870), i. 123 Villot, Cat. Gorge of Atrans, View of Massa (1846),
;

Louvre ; Mdndler, Essai, 123 ;

Ch. Blanc, Duchess of Orleans ; Daplmis and Chloo
Scole florentine. (1853); Flight into Egypt (1855); Street in
BELLE JARDINlfcRE. See Madonna Constantino (1857); Landscape with Ruins,
Belle Jardiniere. The Halt, Oasis in the Sahara (1859);
BELLEE, LEON (LeGoaesbe) DE, born Oasis of Tolga, Road from El-Kantara
at Ploennel (Morbihan) contemporary. to Bathna (1861), Ch. Evrard, Paris;
;

Landscape painter, pupil of Montfort Solitude or Road from Medeah to Bogliar

Paints sometimes marine-views. Works (1863), Luxembourg Museum Environs of
: ;
 EELLEK
Naples, Chartres Museum Joseph led into
; scape, Bellevue Castle, Berlin ; Guachero
Captivity, Daphnis and Chloe, Crow Lake Cave in Venezuela, Replica, with Humboldt
(1864); Gypsies Travelling (1865); Road and Missionaries, National Gallery, Berlin ;

from Chateldon to Montpeyroux, Banks of Plateau of Merida, Coast of Laguayra, Lake

the Therain (1866) Arabs running from a
; Umo, three Tropical Wood Landscapes,
Fire, Saw-rnill on the River Sillet (1868); Sierra Nevada, Abrida in the Andes, Valley
The Last Fine Days, Environs of Medeah of Caracas, Falls of Terni, Castel Gandolfo,

(1869) Mountains of Lachant (1870); Road

;
Palace of Queen Joanna, Giant's Grave and
from Boghar to Boussaada, Environs of Sacrificial Stone, New Museum, Berlin.
Cassis (1873) Environs of Allevard (1874) Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 376
; ; ; Rosenberg,
From Constantino to Batna (1875); Arabs Berl. Malersch., 328 Zeitschr. ; f. b. K., iv.

Looking Camping Ground (1876) Viva-

for ;
118.
rais, Road from Medeah to Boghar (1879) ;
BELLET DU POISAT, PIERRE AL-
Environs of Toulon, Across Algeria (1880) ; FRED, born at Bourgoin, Ist-re, Oct. 5,
Ravine of Constantine, Arabian Improviser, 1823, died in Paris in Sept., 1883. History,
Lachaux Road (1881); View in Trani, Saw- landscape, and marine painter, pupil of
mill in Valley of Therain (1882); Kabylia, Drolling and of Flandrin entered F,cole ;

Environs of Puy-Guillaume (1883); Castle of des Beaux Arts in 1845, followed at first the
Chateldon, Approach to Biskra (1885). La- style of Delacroix, later that of the Vene-
rousse Meyer, Gesch., 768,
;
777 Miiller,
;
and has more recently, in landscape
tians,
39 Vapereau, 175.
;
and marine painting, imitated the Dutch.
BELLER, ALEXANDER IVANOVICH, Works Marguerite in Church (1857); En- :

born in St. Petersburg, Aug. 5, 1804, died try of the Hussites into the Council of Basle
there, Feb. 25, 1870. Pupil of Venezianoff (1859) Jews in Captivity (1868)
|
; Christ ;

and of the St. PetersburgO Academy.

J Was served by Angels, Christ walking on the
a deaf mute, and devoted his whole life to Waters (1875); La Nuit dans le Port (1879);
the art education of deaf mutes. Works : Mill of Dordrecht, Canal near Scheveningen,
Room in a Palace, Peasant's Room (1833),
I
Rural Wedding, Fight of the Centaurs with
Twelve Pictures of Saints for Deaf-Mute the Lapiths (1880); Canal in the Dunes
Asylum, and Obuchow Hospital, St. Peters- (1881); Banks of the Meuse, Marine (1882);
burg. Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., iii. 375. Entrance to the Harbour of Marseilles
BELLERMANN, FERDINAND, born at (1883). Meyer, Gesch., 288 Larousse. ;

Erfurt, March 14, 1814.

Landscape painter ; BELLEVOIS, J., second half of 17th cen-
pupil, under Blechen, of the Berlin Acad- tury, died in Hamburg in 1684 (?). Dutch
emy and of Schirmer, visited with Friedrich school marine painter mentioned as set-
; ;

Preller in 1839 Rugen, in 1840 the Nether- j

tled in Hamburg about 1673-80. Works :

lands and Norway, and in 1842, on Hum- Calm Sea with Vessels, Madrid Museum ;

boldt's suggestion, was sent to South Slightly Agitated Sea (1659), Dr. A. Bre-
America by King Frederick William IV. dius, Amsterdam Storm on Rocky Coast
;

He returned in 1845, with three hundred (1664), Brunswick Gallery Similar subject, ;

sketches in oil and drawings, now in the Consul Weber, Hamburg. Meyer, Ktinst.
National Gallery, Berlin, devoted himself to Lex., iii. 378 Riegel, Beitriige, ii. 410.
;

teaching in 1849, visited Italy in 1853-54, BELLINI, GENTILE, born probably at

and became professor at the Berlin Acad- Padua in 1426-7, died in Venice, Feb. 23,
emy in 1866. Since his second journey to 1507. Venetian school eldest son and pupil
;

Italy 1877, he has alternately treated

in of Jacopo Bellini, in whose studio he and
Italian and Tropical subjects. Works Stu- : his brother Giovanni laboured until Jaco-
benkammer on Rugen, Norwegian Land- po's death. Gentile probably settled in

130
 BELLINI
Venice about 14GO, but no picture of Iris is
Blanc, rxlo vonitienne Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. ;
known earlier than 1464, when lie
painted 149, 175; Meyer, KOnat Lex., ill 391;
the doors of the great organ of San Marco.
In 1465 be finished OPV5 GENT1LIS' BELLINVJ.
the apotheosis of
Labke, Gesch. itaL Mai., i. 534 ; ZeiUchr.
Lorenzo Giustiui- f. b. K., xiii. 341.
ani, now in the lum- BELLINI, GIOVANNI, born in Padua,
ber room of the or Venice, about
Venice Academy. 1428, died there,
From this time his Nov. 29, 1516.
career obscure
is Venetian school ;

until 1474, when he

younger brother
was appointed to re- of Gentile Belli-
store the
pictures mid with him ni,
in the Sala del Gran Consiglio, Venice. His pupil and assist-
works were highly praised by his contem- ant of his father,
poraries, and accepted as masterpieces by Jacopo, in Pad-
the government. In 147!) he was sent with ua. While there
two assistants, at the expense of the state, he was brought
to Constantinople, where he
painted the por- into contact
trait of Mehemet II., now owned
by Sir H. with Mantegna, his future brother-in-law,
A. Layard. He also brought back a
picture, then a pupil of Squarcione, and adopted
now in the Louvre, representing the
recep- many of his peculiarities, combining them
tion of a Venetian Embassy by the Grand with those of his father. This is shown in
Vizier. On his return to Venice he resumed the Paduau character of his Christ's
Agony
Irislabours in the Council Hall, in conjunc- in the Garden, National
Gallery, London, a
tion with his brother Giovanni, and painted picture long ascribed to
Muntegna. The
four great canvases in oil illustrative of the same mingling of the Venetian and Paduau
legend of Barbarossa, and other pictures of styles appears in Iris PieU in the Lochis-
events connected with Venetian history, Carrara Gallery, Bergamo, which is full of
which were for the most part destroyed in Mantegnesque grimness. His 1'iettl in the
the fire of 1577. But it was not until the Brera, Milan, is less rigid. A third Pieti
close of the century that Gentile rose to a (1472) is in the Palazzo Ducale, Venice.

lofty position. His Miracle of the Cure was About this time he produced his vast tem-
painted about 1494. He appears at his pera of the Madonna with Saints, burned in
best in the Procession and Miracle of the S. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, a noble work
Crosx (1496 and 1500), Venice Academy, which proved that he was capable of grand
and in the Sermon of St. Mark, at Alexan- composition and loftiness of style. In 1473
dria, Brera, Milan. The which Antouello da Messina introduced at Venice
last picture,
was finished by Giovanni Bellini after his the use of oil, and Giovanni, recognizing its
brother's death, is fine in composition and advantages, laboured earnestly to enlarge
full of power,
showing that he had consider- the practice of the new medium. Constant
ably advanced beyond his father. Other improvement rewarded his efforts, until he
works Glorification of first Patriarch of at last painted his grand altarpiece, the '/
:

Venice (1465), Academy, Venice Portrait donna with Stunts, Venice Academy, which
;

of a Doge, Museo Civico, ib. do. of Caterina established his fame.

;
After this he was
Comaro, Pesth Museum Madonna, Berlin chiefly employed until his death in painting
;

Museum. C. & C., N. Italy, L 117 Ch. in the Sala del Gran Cousiglio in the Pa-
;

131
 BELLINI
lazzo Ducale, reserving, however, a right to London. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 139 Ch. Blanc, ;

accept private commissions. When at the Ecole venitienne Seguier, 15 Dohme, 2iii.; ; ;

height of his fame he had among his pupils Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 149, 175 Ruskiii, Stones ;

Giorgione and Titian, who were to perfect of Venice ;Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 400 ;

the rich system of colouring of which he must Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 523.
be regarded as the true founder. Kuskin BELLINI, JACOPO, born in Venice
says of Bellini that he is the only artist who about 1400, died about 1464. Venetian
united, in equal and magnificent measure, school pupil of Gentile da Fabriano, whom
;

justness of drawing, nobleness of colouring, he accompanied in 1422 to Florence, where

and perfect manliness of treatment, with he was known as Jacopo di Venetia. On
the purest religious feeling. Among Gio- account of a personal encounter with a
vanni's best works are Transfiguration, young Florentine he took service on the gal-
:

Naples Museum Circumcision, Castle How- leys of the state. Criminal charges were pre-
;

ard, England ; Madonna (1487), Madonna ferred against him in his absence, and on his
between SS. Paul and George, and the Ma- return from sea he was imprisoned for con-
donna Admiralty Court, Venice Acad- tempt of court shown in non-appearance at
of the

emy ;
Madonna with Saints and Angels the trial He was released in 1425 after
(1488), Sacristy of the Frari, Venice Ma- doing penance and paying a fine, and five
;

donna and Doge Barberigo (1488), S. Pietro years after was in Venice, as is proved by
Martire, Murano Baptism of Christ (1501), an autograph note in his sketch-book, now
;

S. Corona, Vicenza Madonna with Saints in the British Museum. He is afterward

;

(1505), S. Zaccaria, Venice Madonna with found in Verona, and later at Padua, where
;

Saints, Louvre. Early in the century Albert he established a studio, in which his sons
Diirer visited Venice, and a question after- Gentile and Giovanni worked, and where
ward arose whether he was influenced by his daughter Nicolosia married Andrea
Bellini or Bellini by him but it is doubtful Mantegna. Jacopo was a draughtsman of
;

if even Diirer could teach the Venetians

any quick hand and clear perception, and though
secrets of colour. Both he and Diirer had his knowledge of anatomy was not profound,

great respect for each other's talents, and he gave fair proportions to his heads. He
were firm friends. Giovanni's pictures in held a middle course between the conven-
the Sala del Gran Consiglio were burned in tionalism of his predecessors and the natu-
the fire of 1577. While engaged upon ralism or classicism of the rising schools ;

them he painted but few other pictures ; indeed, he worthily began what his sou Gio-
but there are a Madonna (1510) by him in vanni and Titian perfected. He can scarcely
|

the Brera, and a SS. Christopher, Augustin, be judged as a colourist, for only two
and Jerome (1513), in S. Giovanni Crisos- greatly injured panel pictures of his early
tomo, Venice, the latter of which bears the time remain a half length of the Virgin
:

impress of his assistant, Basaiti. In 1514 he and Child in the collection of the Counts
began the Bacchanal, Ahiwick Castle, Eng- Tadini at Lovere, and another of the same
land and in 1515 he painted the Venus, subject in the Venice Academy. A Crucified
;

Vienna Museum. His Portrait of the Doge Saviour on canvas in the Museo Civico,
Loredano, St. Peter Martyr, Ag- Verona, is a good illustration of his style.
Christ's
His Crucifixion on the wall in the Cathedral
10ANNES BELLINVS of Verona, painted in 1436, was destroyed
in 1759, but is preserved in a copy in the

ony in the Garden, Landscape with Martyr- Casa Albrizzi, Venice. C. & C., N. Italy, i.
dom of St. Peter, Madonna and Adoration 100 Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 149, 175 Meyer,
; ;
!

of the Magi, are in the National Gallery, Kiiust. Lex., iii. 336.

132
 BELLOC
BELLOC, JEAN HILAIRE, l*>rn at Florence Old Woman, Madrid Museum ; ;

Nantes, Nov. 27, 1786, died in Paris, Dec. do., Stuttgart Museum. Meyer, Kuusi
9,1866. Genre and portrait painter pupil Lex., iii. 430
; Zauetti, Pitt Venez., ;

of Reguault and of Gros. Medal of 1st 513.

class in 1810, after which exhibited pictures BELLOTTO, BERNARDO, bora in Ven-
in nearly every salon till 1850. Was di- ice, Jan. 30, 1720, died in Warsaw, Oct 17,
rector of the free school of design in Paris 1780. Venetian school landscape and ;

more than forty years. L. of Honour, architecture painter ; nephew and pupil of
1846, Officer, 1864. Works Death of Gaul Canaletto, by whose name he is sometimes
:

(1810); Traveller in Egypt who has lost his known went to Rome, probably about
;

Way (1812); Rest of Holy Family (1831) 1740, afterwards to Germany

;
worked in ;

Death of St. Louis, (1838, ordered by State); Munich, and afterwards iu Dresden, where
Portraits of the Duchess de Berri (1824), he was employed by Count Bruhl and be-
Count Boissy d'Anglas (1830), of Michelet came court painter to Augustus HL In
(1845), and many others. Meyer, Kunst. 1758 he went to Vienna, and painted views
Lex., iii. 427 Larousse.
; of the city and the imi>erial palaces until
BELLOSIO, CARLO, born in Milan in 1762, when he executed paintings for Au-
1805, died at Bellaggia, Sept., 1859. History gustus HI. in Warsaw, before returning to
painter pupil of Pelagio Palagi.
; Ho ad- Dresden, where he became a member of the
hered to the classical style, but showed Academy in 1764 About 17G6 he is said
early a certainpower of invention, and after to have visited St Petersburg, and iu 1767
1829, without deserting his school, strong Warsaw, where he was court painter to
individual talent. He excelled in fresco, King Stanislaus H. in 1770. At first an im-
but executed also many drawings and oil itator of Caualetto, he developed later an
paintings. He was overtaken by death independent style, marked by cool light
when about to execute a colossal painting effects and great clearness in architectural
for King Charles Albert, the Crossing of detaila Works : Two Views of Turin, Tu-
the Beresina, to prepare studies for which rin Gallery Views of Varese, Brera, Milan
; ;

he had made a journey to Russia in 1845. Views in Vienna and of Schonbrunn and
Works: Scene from the Flood (1839-41), Schlosshof, Ruins of Thebes, Hungary, Vi-
Institution of the Order of Aunuuciata enua Museum Views of Kiinigstein and;

(1842), Royal Palace, Turin Beheading

;
of Pirua, Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna; View
St. John, fresco (1830), S. Protaso, Milan of Munich (probably also four Views in
;

Allegory, Casino della nobile Societ.'i, Milan. Venice, Antonio Canaletto),

ascribed to

Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 429.

Views in Dresden and
Munich Gallery ;

BELLOTTI, PIETRO, born at Volzano Pirna, Venice, Verona, etc. (38), Dresden
in 1627, died at Ganguano in 1700. Vene-
Gallery two landscapes, Berlin Museum
; ;

tiaii school of Michele Ferrabosco, Views in Venice (3), Cassel Gallery Views ;
pupil
;

in Venice, where he went at twenty. He of Ducal Palace and Piazzeta in Venice,

faithfullyimitated nature with great minute- Darmstadt Gallery Ducal Palace iu Venice ;

ness of detail, then very unusual. This, (ascribed to

which madehiina favourite portrait painter, Canaletto),
is observable in his characteristic figures Stiidel Gal-
from low life, but in historical scenes he is lery, Frank-
not free from the mannerism of his time. fort View of the Brenta, Brussels Museum;
; ;

He was much employed by foreign courts, two Views of Rome, Amsterdam Museum ;

Works Half figure of Old Woman, Museo Rialto, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Meyer,
:

Civico, Venice Portrait of himself, Uffizi, Kuust. Lex., UL 437.

;

in
 BELLOWS
BELLOWS, ALBERT born at Mil- Augsburg Gallery; Lot and Daughters,
F.,
ford, Mass. contemporary.
;
Genre painter Solomon sacrificing to the Gods, Schleiss-
;

studied in Paris and at the Royal Academy heim Gallery Rebecca at the Well, Isaac, ;

of Antwerp, and painted in England and Finding of Moses, Pommersfelden Gallery ;

Wales. Elected an A. N. A. in 1859, and Mary and Elizabeth, St. John, Nuremberg
N. A. in 1861. In 1865 he visited England, Museum Cupid and Psyche, Cupid and;

where he turned his attention entirely to Venus, Munich Gallery Venus feeding a ;

water colours. In 1868 was elected honorary Dove, Madonna, Dresden Gallery Rape of ;

member of the Royal Belgian Society of Helen, Rape of the Sabine Women, Cassel
Water-Colourists. Studio in New York.
1

Gallery;
Works in oil:Sorrows of Boyhood, First *^i tsLzjQ Joc^t P
Groups of
Pair of Boots, City Cousins, Lost Child, Ap- Children,
preaching Footsteps, Sunday in Devonshire Venus and Cupid, Liechtenstein Gallery,
'

(1876); New England Village School (1878); Vienna. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 433 Nag-
J
;

Parsonage (1879); Building Air Castles ler, Mon., i. 1785.

:

(1880); Bird Song (1881); Near the Head BELLUCCI, GIUSEPPE, Cavaliere, born
of Tide Water, Country Byway (1882); in Florence in 1827, died there, Feb. 8,
I

Godalming England,
Surrey, Hillside 1882. History painter pupil ; of Bezzuoli

(1883). Works in water colour Notch at and of Pollastrini professor

: i
; in Florence
Lancaster (1867); Afternoon in Surrey Academy Knight of Order of ; SS. Maurice
(1868); Borders of the New Forest, Surrey and Lazarus. Works Hagar, : Paul before
Byway, Dark Entry Canterbury, Reaper's Poppa>a, Death of Alessandro de' Medici
Child, Study of a Head, New England (1865), Genoa Museum Emanuel Philibert ;

Homestead, Devonshire Cottage, Autumn arranging an Alliance between Savoy and

Woods, Village School (1878). Tuckerman, France against Austria (1870), Royal Collec-
486 Art Journal (1877), 47.
;
tion Finding of Manfred's Body (1880).
I
;

BELLUCCI, ANTONIO, born at Pieve di Kunst-Chrouik, v. 145.

Soligo in 1654, died there in 1726. Vene- BELLUNELLO, ANDREA, bom at S.

j

tian school pupil of the amateur Domenico Vito, Friuli, flourished 1460-1490 in Udine
;

Defiuico, a nobleman of Sebeuico, and and Friuli. Venetian school. A provincial

formed himself afterwards after Sebastiano master, with whom in Friuli may be
art
Bombelli and Antonio Zauchi. He worked said to have begun. His altarpieces show
in Treviso, Venice, Vicenza, and Verona, and hard outlines, bony figures, and heavy col-
in 1709 was called to Vienna by Joseph I., curing. Works : Crucifixion (1476), Town
who made him court painter. He
painted Hall, Udine Madonna (1488 and 1490). ;

the Emperor's portrait, and was employed Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 435 C. & C., North ;

also under Charles VI., but especially by Italy, ii. 176.

Prince Liechtenstein, whose palace he deco- BELLY, LEON ADOLPHE AUGUSTE,
|

rated. From Vienna he was summoned to born at Saiut-Omer, March 10, 1827, died
Diisseldorf, by the elector John William, in Paris, March 25, 1877. Landscape and
after whose death, in 1716, he went to Eng- portrait painter ; pupil of Troyou and of
land, and painted for the court and several T. Rousseau. Travelled in the East, and
nobles. He seems to have returned to Italy was one of the best French painters of Ori-
ental life and scenery.
!

soon after 1722, and in 1724 was also active Medals 3d class, :

again in Venice. He was one of the most 1857, 1867 2d class, 1859 1st class, 1861
; ; ;

prominent masters of the Venetian school L. of Honour, 1862. Works Forest of

!

before Tiepolo. Works Marriage Cere- Fontainebleau, Shell Fishers of Normandy

: i

mouy of the Elector John William, Danae, (1855); Village of Ghiseh, Desert of Nas-
134
 BELMONTE
soub, Inundation of the Nile (1857); Plain part of which was advanced. Allston hoped
of Ghiseh, Dyke on the Nile (1857); Even- to finish it in nix months, but, on account

ing in the Desert of Tyh, The Nile, Pilgrims of criticisms of Gilbert Stuart, determined to
to Mecca (1861), Luxembourg Museum make a radical change in the perspective.
;

View of a Harbour (1861), StrossburgMu.se- It remained in his studio until his death,
urn ;
Sackies of Lower Egypt, Street in when it was left unfinished, his last week's
Cniro (18G3); Fellahs drawing a Dahabieh work having been spent on it Memorial
(1804); Dead Sea (I860;; Sirens (1867); Hist Boston, iv. 395 Knickerbocker Mag., ;

Evening, Mahinoudieh Canal (1868); Relig- xxiv. 205 Tuckermon. ;

ious Festival in Cairo, Dorad Fishing (1869); BELTRAFFIO (Boltraffio), GIOVANNI

Fairies' Pond, The River Sauldre, Ruins of ANTONIO, born in Milan in 1467, died
Baalbec (1874); A Pond, A Meadow, The there, June 16, 1516. Lombard school
Sauldre (1875); Montboulan Ford, Daha- Taught in the old Milanese school of Foppa
bieh Aground (1877). Bellier Larousse and Civerchio, he came under the influence
; ;

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 430. of the new founded by Leonardo da Vinci.
BELMONTE Y VACOS, MARIANO, His colouring is, however, brighter, and his
born at Cordova, Spain, died at Valencia contrasts of light and shade more vigorous.
in 1864. Landscape painter was professor His best works are: Mailonna of the Casio
;

in the art-schools of Cadiz and Valencia. Family (1500), Louvre Madonna, Cosa ;

Medals, 1858, 1860, 1862. Works C.isa Poldi, Milan Madonna, Bergamo Gallery
:
; ;

de Campo at Madrid (1859), Grotto of Pa- male portrait, Ambrosian Library, Milan,
lornas near Valencia (1865), Museo Nacional, and two portraits at the Isola Bella. The
Madrid. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 437. portrait of the Marechal de Chaumont,
BELOVED, THE, Dante Gabriel liossetti, Charles d'Amboise, in the Louvre, by Bel-
George Rae, Birkenhead, England canvas, traffic, or Andrea Solario, has l>een attrib-
;

Illustration of Song of Solomon. Five life uted to Leonardo da Vinci. Vasari, ed.
size, three-quarters length female figures and Mil., iv. 51; Burckhardt, 703 Miiller, Es- ;

a negro girl, the last in front of the group, sai, 122 ; Rio, iii. 205 Ch. Blanc, colo ;

bearing roses in a golden vase. The marriage milanai.se; Liibke, Gesch. ital. MaL, ii. 446.
procession has halted, and the bride, clad in BELTRANO, AGOSTDs'O, born at Na-
apple-green silk, has removed the veil from pies, died there in 1665. Neapolitan school ;

her face and throat, while her companions history painter pupil of Massimo Stanzi- ;

pi-ess closely around her, forming

a mass of oni, married his fellow-scholar Amelia di

glowing colour. Atlieureum, Oct., 1875, Rosa, whom he stabbed in a fit of jealousy in
444 Jan., 1883, 93.
; 1649, fled to France and returned to Naples
BELSHAZZAR'S FEAST, Washington in 1659. Was a good fresco painter, and
Allston, Museum Fine Arts, Boston, Mnss.; a colourist in oil of considerable merit,

canvas, H. 12 ft. 6 in. x 18 ft. 6 in. Daniel Works :

Legend of St. Biagio, S. Maria
on the wall to della Sanita, Naples Cupola, S. Maria della
interpreting the handwriting ;

Belshazzar at his feast (Dan., v.). In fore- Donna Regina, ib.; Ceiling in a Chapel,
ground, the king, queen, Daniel, and four S. Maria la Nuovo, ib. ; three panels in oil,

iii. 447.
magicians behind them a group of Jewish
;
,
ib. Meyer, Kiinst, Lex.,

men and women, and beyond the banquet BEMBO. BONIFAZIO or FAZIO, of Cre
tables withmany guests ;
on an mona, died about 1500. Lombard school
in distance [

elevated platform a golden statue of a god, In 1455 was in the service of Duke Fran-
with worshippers. Begun in England and cesco Sforza, and in 1461-7 was among
of the palaces at Milan and Pa via,
brought, in 1818, to Boston, where it was decorators j

in fresco portraits of
purchased by several citizens for $10,000, In 1467-8, painted |

UB
 BEMBO
Duke Francesco, then deceased, and his terior of Stable, Road in Normandy (1859);
widow in S. Agostino, Cremona. His style Stable Interior (1863); Military Funeral,
was formed after that of Vittore Pisano, Team Laden with Square Stones
(1864);
and Gentile da Fabriano. C. & C., N. Italy, The Carrabas, Wagon of Fishmongers
ii. 438 ; Vasari, ed. Mil, vi. 492 ; Calvi, Pro- (1865); Military Funeral under Louis XII.
fessori in Milano, 84, 95 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole (1867).
lombarde. BENARD, HUBERT EUGENE, born at
BEMBO, GIAN FRANCESCO, called II Bologne-sur-Mer, April 29, 1834. Genre
Vetrajo (the Glazier), died about 152G. and marine painter ; pupil of Claudius
Lombard school younger brother
and pupil Jacquand.
; Bronze medal, Rouen 1860.
of Bonifazio Bembo
probably studied later Works
; Return from Fishing, Around Bou- :

in Venice and in Rome. His Epiphany and logne-sur-Mer (1857), Close of Oyster Fish-
Presentation in the Temple, painted about ing, Environs of Ambleteuse,
Morning
1516, in the Cremona Cathedral, were long (Boulogne Museum); After Shipwreck, Ebb-
ascribed to Bonifazio. Lanzi praises his Tide, Unloading of Fishermen's Boats
Madonna and Saints, dated 1524, in S. Pie- (1859); View of Houses of Parliament, Lon-
tro,Cremona. Lanzi, ii. 427 Vasari, ed. don (1863); Return from Fishing on Coast
;

Mil., v.147 Ch. Blanc, Ecole lombarde

; of Normandy (1864); Burial of Shipwrecked ;

C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 454. (1865); Saving on the Sea, Mouth of Thames
BEMBO, PIETRO, portrait, Titian, Palaz- (1866); Steamship arriving at Boulogne
zo Barberini, Rome canvas, life-size, seen During a Storm (1868); Before the Depart-
;

to elbows. In the red hat and dress of a ure, In the Harbour of Boulogne (1867).
cardinal. Painted in 1540. Vasari, ed. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 497.
Mil., vii. 455 ;
C. & C., Titian, ii. 28 ;
Burck- BENASCHI (Beinaschi), GIOVANNI
hardt, 718. BATTISTA, Cavaliere, born in Turin in
BEMBO, PIETRO, portrait, Titian, Nardi 1636, died there, Sept.
Pupil of 28, 1688.
Collection, Venice canvas, half length. the portrait painter Spirito, in Turin, and of
;

Profile, bearded. Painted about 1537 rep- Pietro del P6, in Rome, where he made draw- ;

lica of an earlier one, now missing ? Va- ings after the frescos of the Carracci. He
sari, ed. Mil., vii. 455 C. & C., Titian, i. is said to have visited Modena to study the
;

418. works of Correggio. His best pictures

BEMMEL, PETER VON, born in Nu- show graceful action, but the colouring is
remberg, Aug. 18, 1685, died there in 1754. dull and heavy. The fresco style of Lan-
Landscape painter German school son and franco had the most lasting influence upon
; ;

pupil, though not an imitator, of Wilhelm his manner. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 497.
von Bemmel (1630-1708). He travelled BENASSAI, GIUSEPPE, born at Reg-
much, and was held in repute, especially at gio, Calabria, July 29, 1835, died in Flor-
Wiirzburg and Bamberg. Works Sunrise, ence, Dec. 5, 1878. Landscape painter
:
;

Sunset (Bamberg); three battle pieces, sev- pupil, in Reggio, of Cavaliere Lavagna, then
enteen landscapes (Nuremberg) twenty in Naples of Fergola, but soon returned to
;

landscapes (Wih'zburg). His brother Reggio, and in 1857 went to Rome, where
Johanu Georg (1669-1723), also his sons, he continued his studies independently.
grandsons, and nephews, were all artists of After his return home he executed many
more or less distinction. Meyer, Kiinst. works, and in 1863 settled in Florence.
Lex., iii. 493 Fiorillo, iii. 369.
; Visited Egypt in 1869. Works: Torrente
BENARD, AUGUSTE SEBASTIEN, Melito, Souvenir of Lago Maggiore,
di
born in Paris in 1810. Horse painter ; pu- Feudal Boundaries, Arrogance and Virtue,
pil of Granger and of Lafond. Works : In- ,
The Friendless (1859-63) ; Among Flowers,
136
 BKXCI
Among Thorns (1863-64); Hay Harvest in 1838, and took part in the Swiss cam-
(1865); Marshes of Ostia (1867); Repose paign of 1847. Best known by his de-
(1868); Aspromonte (1868); Suez Canal, signs for illustrated works. Works Four
1

Lion of the Desert, Arrival of Arab Mer-> Scenes from Swiss History (1852-53); Illus-
chants at Ghizeh, Bedouin Tents at Lsmailia, trations to Goethe and Schiller Gallery, to
View of the Pyramids, The Nile near Ele- Hebel's Poems and to Pestalozzi's Lienhanl
phantine, Sunset in the Desert (1869); and Oertrud. Mever, Kiiirnt. Lex., iii. 503.
Camel Buyers at Cairo, Rest in a Palm BENDEMANN, EDUARD (JULIUS j

Grove, Rest in the Plain of Sivert, Caravan FRIEDRICH), born

iii the Desert, Sycamores of Upper Egypt in Berlin, Dec. 3,1811.
j

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 498. History and portrait

BENCI, GINEVRA. See Monat-a, La. painter pupil of
;

BENCZUR, GYULA (Julius), bom at Schadow, whom he

Nyiregyhaza, Hun- __ followed to Ddssel-
gary, Jan. 28, 1844. dorf in 1827 and to
History painter ; pu- Italy in 1830. After
pil,from 1861, of Mu- his return he at once
nich Academy under established his fame
Hiltensperger an d by his Jews in Exile

Anschutz, then in 1869 (1832, Reichartz Gal-

of Piloty ;
travelled in lery, Cologne); obtained the great gold med-
Ana tria-Hungary, and after living for two
al in Paris, in 1836,

Southern Germany, years in Berlin was appointed professor at

France, and Upper It- the Dresden Academy. Between 1840 and
aly ; though invited to 1855, he decorated the throne and ball-
Weimar and Prague, preferred to settle at rooms at the royal palace in Dresden with
Munich, where he became instructor in 1875 frescos. In 1859-67 he was director of the
and professor in 1880 in the Academy now ;
Dflsseldorf Academy, where (1861-66), as
director of Pesth Academy. Works Fare- : well as at Xaumburg and Berlin, he painted
well of Ladislaus Hunyady (1867), Pesth several monumental works. He is member
Museum Arrest of R:\koczy in 1701 (Johns-
;
of many German Academies, and of the In-
ton sale, New York, 1876, $3,750) Scene ;
stitut dc France, has had the degree of
from Hamlet (1869) Louis XV. in the ;
Doctor conferred upon him by the philo-
Boudoir of Dubarry Family of Louis XVI. sophical faculty of the Berlin University,
;

during the Assault on Versailles (1872), D. and is decorated with many medals ami
O. Mills, New York; Baptism of St. Stephen orders. Works: Boaz and Ruth (1830);
(1875), Pesth Museum; Ladies resting in the Girls at Well ( 1833) Servian Princesses ;

Woods, The Almsgiver (1877) Bacchante (1834) Jeremiah among the Ruins of
; ;

(1881); Deserted, Hungarian Insurance Con- Jerusalem (1836), Royal Palace, Hanover;
vention in 1857(1883). Meyer, Kiinst Lex., Harvest (1836); Shepherd and Shepherdess
of Jerusalem
iii. 502 Miiller, 40
; Kunst-Chronik, iv. 86,
; (1845); Jeremiah at the Fall ,

vi.113, is. 437, 492, si. 370, 531, 563, xiL (1872), National Gallery, Berlin Penelope ;

709 Ulustr. Zeitg. (1878), 211 ; (1881), i. 8. (1877), Antwerp Academy ; Three Caravan
;

BENDEL, HANS
SIGMUND, born at Scenes (1880); Sacrifice of Iphigenia (1882);
Schaffhausen, Oct. 18, 1814, died there, Emperor Lothair, Romer,
Frankfurt Por- ;

Nov. 1853. and trait of Artist's Wife (1847), Portraits of

genre painter
28, History ;

pupil in Munich Kaulbach and Schlott- Heinrich Brockhaus (1851), W. Schadow

of
liauer ;
visited the Tyrol in 1837 and Italy (1861), Antwerp Academy; Prince Anton

187
 BENDEMANX
von Hohenzollern (1864), Sigmaringen Cas- BENEDICTER, JOSEF, born at Fischin-
tle Jos. Joachim (1868, Berlin, and 1870, gen, Wiirtemberg, June 4, 1843.
; Architec-
London), Rob. Eeinick (1873), Gen. von ture painter pupil, from 1863, of Munich ;

Obernitz and Wife (1877), portrait of him- Academy, lastly under Alex. Wagner, until
self (1879), Antwerp Academy. Illustr. he joined in the campaign against France,
Zeitg. (1874), i. 66; (1882), i. 91; Meyer, in 1870. After the war he went to Holland,
Kiinst. Lex., iii. 504 Wolfg. Muller, Diis- and in 1876 visited Florence, Rome, and
;

seldf. K, 29 Kugler, Kl. Schriften Kunst- Naples. His paintings and his cabinet pict-
; ;

Chronik, i. 132 Pecht, iii. 261. ; ures are masterly in technic and effect.
BENDEMANN, RUDOLF, born in Dres- Works Portal of Town Hall in Rothenburg :

den, Nov. 11, 1851, died at Pegli, near (1869); View in Heidelberg Castle (1872) ;

Genoa, in May, 1884. History and genre Young Green-Grocer, Roman Portal, Gothic
painter pupil of the Diisseldorf Academy Cloister (1873); Peasant's Room in Sunlight
;

under his father, Eduard was in Munich in (1879) Kitchen in Castle Neuenstein,
; ;

1877-79, then visited Egypt. Works: Tinker (1881); Alone at Home (Wm. Astor,
Frithiof and Ingeborg (1874); frieze paint- New York); Cradle (J. T. Martin, Brook-
ings National
(1876), Gallery, Berlin lyn); Rural Interior (D. O. Mills, New
;
:

Nymph (1877); Beer-Sale (1878); Burial of York). Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 526. |

Frauenlob, Festival in 16th Century, Lute- BENEFIAL, MARCO, Cavaliere, born in

player (1879); Tavern Scene in Bavaria Rome in 1684,
died there, April 2, 1764.
(1880); Procession in Cairo, Well in Egypt! Roman school
pupil of B. Lambert began
; ;

(1881). Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 511; to exhibit in 1703. After his marriage in
Kunst-Chronik, xix. 516. 1707 met with a series of privations, and
BENDZ, VILHELM FERDINAND, born was obliged to associate himself with one
at Odense, Denmark, March 20, 1804, died Germisoni, a mediocre but busy painter,
at Vicenza, Nov. 14, 1832. Genre and por- and, for a share of the profits, do the greater
trait painter pupil of Copenhagen Acad- part of the work. In 1718 he received an
;

emy under C. V. Eckersberg, where he won order from Pope Clement XL, followed by
several prizes studied in Munich 1831-32, others from different churches, which bet-
; |

visited Tyrol, died on his way to Rome, tered his situation. In competition with
j

Works Model School at the Academy, Domenico Muratori he painted, in 1731, his
:

Artist looking at Sketch in Mirror (1826), most important work, the Flagellation of

Sculptor working from Life Model (1827), Christ. For a short time he was professor at
Copenhagen Gallery Beggar Woman and the Accademia di S. Luca. Having become
'

Child, Portraits of Frederic VII, Christian blind, he depended, during his last years, on
IV. in Battle of Feiuern (1828). Weilbach, the charity of his patron, Count Soderini.
52. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 531; Lanzi (Ros-
BENEDETTO, IL. See Castiglione, Gio. coe), i. 511.
Benedetto. BENFATTO, LUIGI
(Alvise), called Dal
BENEDICT, ST., Paolo
Veronese, Pitti, born at Verona in 1559, died at Ven-
Friso,
Florence canvas, H. 6 ft. 6 in. x 4 f t. 6 in. ice in 1611.
;
Venetian school; history
|

St. Benedict, in episcopal robes, standing painter nephew, and for many years in the ;

between Placidus and Maurus, his disciples studio of Paolo Veronese, whom, in the out-
;

in front kneel five nuns, one of whom bears set, he copied even to servility afterwards ;

a tiara another, St. Scolastica, has a dove at gave himself up to an easy and rapid style
;

her feet above, like a glory, the marriage of composition.

; Works j
Constantino's :

of St. Catherine. Engraved by G. Bonatti. Dream before the Battle with Maxentius,
Gal. du Pal. Pitti, iv. PI. 20. God the Father with Angels and Evangelists,
las
 BENJAMIN
Six Scenes in Life of Christ, S. Niccolo de' News. Is at
present (ISSS) United State*
Mendicanti, Venice Christ before Pilate, Minister to Persia.
; Works: Porta da Cruz
Last Supper, S. Luca, ib. Several in other Madeira (1876), Philadelphia Gibraltar. ;

churches, ib. Meyer, Kuust. Lex., iii. 533. Pico Azores, White Maud, Marino Gallery,
BENJAMIN-CONSTANT, JEAN JO- London ; Daybreak off the Corbieu, After
SEPH, bom in Par- the Storm, On the Breakers, Twilight on
is, June 10, 184.5. the Grand Banks (1879); Shark's Nose-
Genre painter pu- ; Maine (1880); Among the Breakers (1881);
pil of C'abanel and Stormy Sunrise Manchester by the Sea
of cole des Beaux
(1882).
Arts usually paints
;
BEXKERT, EMERICH MARIA, born iii

Oriental .subjects. Vienna, March 27, 1825, died there, Jan. 21,
Medals : 3d class, 1855. Genre, and
landscape, portrait
1875 2d class, of
;
painter pupil
; Academy of Design,
1870 ; 3d class, Pesth, then in Vienna of Schrodl and Wald-
1878; L. of Hon- miiller. Works Poachers on the Track
:

our, 1878; Officer, (1850); Temptation, Alpine Herdswoinen

1884. Works: Hamlet and the King (1869); find a Dead Huntsman, Sermon (1851);
Too Late (1870) Samson and Delilah Chamois Hunt, Rest, Mother's Love, Love 'a
;

(1872); Women of Riff, Moorish Butchers Sacrifice (1852); Adventure in the Moun-
at Taugiers (1873); Street Corner in Tan- tains, Mist, View in
Styria, Expectation,
giers, Square in Tangiers (1874); Morocco Ideal Landscape (1853);" A Puszta (1854);
Prisoners (Fletcher Harper, New York numerous portraits Artist's Portrait, Na-
; ;

sold in 1884 for $1,400); Women of Harem tional

Gallery, Pesth. Meyer, KQnst Lex.,
in Morocco (1875); Entrance of Mohammed iii. 538 Wurzbach, L 276. ;

II into Constantinople, May 29, 1453 BEXXER, EMMANUEL, born at Mul-

(1876) ; Thirsty Prisoners
in Morocco, house, Alsace, in March, 1836. Genre,
Harem Morocco
(1878) ; Terraces at portrait, and still-life painter pupil of Eck.
in ;

Evening, Emir's Favourites (1879) ; Last Medal, 3d class, 1881.

7
orks Game and W :

Rebels (1880), Luxembourg Museum ; Ca- Fruits (1868) Guitar Player (1873) ; Rev- ;

liph's Recreations, Herodias (1881); Christ erie, Rubinello (1874); Abandoned (1875);
in the Tomb, Da;/ after Victory at the Al- Madeline, The Captives (1876) ; Venus and
hambra (1882) Tahamy the Caul (1883) ; ; Adonis, Family of the Stone Age (1877);
Les Chcrifas (1884) Justice of the Cherif ;
Lacustral Family (1878); Bathern, Swans
Moorish Spain in 15th century (1885). (1880); Repose (1881); Three Graces (1883);
Portraits of Emmanuel Arago and others. Innocence (1884); Nymphs (1885).
BENJAMIN, SAMUEL GREEN BENNER, JEAX, born at Mulhouse, Al-
WHEELER, born at Argos, Greece, in sace, in March, 1836. Genre, portrait, and
1837, son of an American missionary to the still-life painter twin brother of Emmanuel ;

Levant. Landscape and marine painter B.; pupil of Eck and of Pils. Medal, 2d ;

studied drawing and water-colour painting class, 1872. Works: Petite Falle de Capri,
with Carlo Briudisi of the Spanish and Ital- Flowers and Fruita (1868) ; Margherita,
ian school ;
came to America and became a Luisella (1870); After a Storm at Capri
pupil of S. L
Gerry and W. E. Norton. (1872); After
Professional life spent in Boston and New Baptism, New
York Mr. Benjamin has illustrated many Years Serenade
works of which he is author, and at one (1874); Trappistin Prayer (1875); Athe-
time contributed to the Illustrated London nian Women surprised by the Pelasgi of

1SI
 BENNET
Lemnos (1876); Briseis and Patroclus (1878); mentana (1884) Ford of Malavaux, Cascade ;

Street at Capri (1880); Carmela, House at of I'Ardoisiere (1885). Gaz. des B. Arts, xvi.

Capri (1881); Girls going to the Fountain 285 xvii. 13. ;

(1882); Peonies, Alsacian Girl (1883); Belle BENOUVILLE, (FRANCOIS) LEON,

of Scio, Poppies (1884); Poppies (1885). born in Paris, March 30, 1821, died Feb.
|

BENNET, KARL
STEFAN, born in 19, 1859. History and portrait painter ;

Sweden, May Stockholm, brother of Achille B. pupil of Picot won

26, 1800, died in ; ;

March 27, 1878. Landscape and genre in 1845 the grand prix de Rome (history)
painter studied
;
in Italy, and became
mem- for his Jesus in the Judgment Hall. His
ber of Stockholm Academy in 1840. Works: portraits are remarkable for truth and sim-
Homage to Charles XIV. Military Eeview at plicity of action. Medals 2d class in 1852
;
:

Ladugardsgiirdet Unveiling of Equestrian and 1855, 1st class in 1853 L. of Honour,

; ;

Statue of Charles John (1854) several 1855. Works: Mercury and Argus (1839);
; 1

of his best works in National Museum, Hermit and Slothful Knights (1841); Judith
Drottningholm. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. (1844); Esther (1845); Christian Martyrs
539. of Assisi Dying (1853), (1852) : Francis
BENNEWITZ VON LOFEN, KARL, two Pigeons, Raphael meeting the Louvre ;

born at Thorn, Nov. 15, 1826. Landscape Foruariua, Poussin on the Tiber (1857) St. ;

painter pupil of Schirmer in Berlin and of Clara receiving the Body of St. Francis,
;

Albert Zimmermann in Munich. After Joan of Arc (1859) Portraits of Queen ;

travelling in the Tyrol, Upper Italy, South- Hortense, Napoleon, Artist's Wife and two
ern France, and Scotland, he settled in Daughters. Ch. Blanc, Ecole fran^aise ;

Berlin (1856), and painted many pictures Meyer, Gesch., 399.

j

now in private collections. Works Fish : BENOZZO. See Gozzdi.

Pond before Sunrise, Wood Path, Beech BENSA, ALEXANDER VON, Ritter,
Wood on Riigen, Village in Brandenburg, born in Vienna, July 15, 1820. Genre and
Wood Interior, Spring in Brandenburg, battle painter, self-taught, imitates, to a cer-
Autumn Fog, On the Heath, Outlook tain degree, A. von Pettenkofen painted ;

on Baltic Sea. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. the figures in Ad. Obermiillner's North Pole
540. cycle. Many of his works were bought by
BENOUVILLE, ACHILLE (JEAN), boru the Emperor of Austria; several are in the
in Paris, July 15, 1815. Landscape painter Coburg's collection in Vienna.
;
Duke of

pupil of Picot won in 1845 the grand prix

; from Kiiniggratz, Skir- j
Works : Retreat
de Rome (landscape) for his Ulysses and mish at Schweinschedl, Battle near Tannen-
Nausicaa. Long resident at Rome, where berg, Hungarian Market, On the Puszta,
he painted many pictures of the Campagna Hungarian Election Scene. Meyer, Kiinst.
in oil and water-colour, remarkable for their Lex., iii. 553.
local truth and elegance in design. Medals :
BENSO, GIULIO, born in Pieve del Tecco,
3d class, 1844 1st class, 1863 L. of Honour,
; ;
about 1601, died in Genoa in 1668. Geno-
1863. Since 1867 he has resided in Paris. ese school ; pupil of Gio. Battista Paggi ;

Works Etruscan Tombs at Sutri in neigh-

: excelled in architecture painting and in
bourhood of Velletri St. Peter's Tivoli ; ; ; perspective. Several works in fresco in
Torre de' Schiavi The Via Nomentana, C.
; 1'Annunziata del Gustato, Genoa, and in
C. Perkins, Boston Castel Fusano Colise-
; ;
S. Antonio, Pieve del Tecco. Was also an
um seen from the Palatine (1870); Pic du architectand an engraver. Lauzi, iii. 262 ;

Midi (1872), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York ;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole genoise.
Chateau de Lugagnan (1873) After the ; BENSON, EUGENE, born at Hyde Park,
Bath (1883); Border of 1'Auinance, Via No- New York, in 1839. Figure and genre
140
 BENT
painter ; pupil of National Academy and of J. BENTELE, MAX, born at Lindenberg,
H. Wright, later studied in Paris and Venice. Bavaria, July 20, 1825. History painter;
Has and painted in New York, Paris,
lived pupil of Munich Academy, under Zimmer-
Venice, and Borne and sketched in Egypt mann, Schlotthauer and H. von Hess, then
;
j

and Syria. Elected an A. N. A. in 1862. Stu- under Schnorr and Schwind in 1850-52 ;

dio in Florence since 1871 in Rome in painted under Schraudolph seven frescos
;

1883. Works: Cloud Towers, Strayed in the cathedral at Speyer, and in 1861-63
Maskers, (1873); Interior of St. Mark's under Steinle in the staircase of the Co-
Venice Reverential Anatomist (1876), St. logne Museum. Works: Ascension (1864)
; ;

Luke's Hospital, New York Bazaar at Twelve Apostles (1865); Coronation of the
;

Cairo, Hay Boats, Peasants of Cadore at Virgin (1868-69) Peter tending the Flock, ;

Religious Worship, Market-Place Egypt Delivery of the Keys, and three other pic- !

(1877); Study of Girl in Blue, Suydam Col- tures (1872-73); Ascension (1874); Altar-
lection, National Academy Hashish Smok- piece (1878) ;
two Ceiling-Paintings (1881) ; ;

ersJerusalem, Slave's Tower (1878) Glorification of Christ (1882). Meyer, ;

Thoughts in Exile, Mrs. M. O. Roberts, Kilust. Lex., iii. 557.

New York Reverie Making the Best of
; BENTIVOGLIO, GUIDO, Cardinal, por-
; \

It, Artists' Fund Society; Dead Calm on the trait, Anton Van Dyck, Palazzo Pitti, Flor-
Hill Fire Worshippers (1879) Mountain ence canvas, H. 6 ft x 4 ft 3 in.; signed,
; ; ;

Torrent (1881) Distinguished Company in

; dated 1623. Full length, in cardinal's robes,
Titian's Garden, State Secret in Venice seated in an arm-chair before a table, holding
(1882); Spring, Art and Love, Afternoon a paper with both hands. One of the painter's
on the Lagoon, Ariadne (1883). masterpieces. Carried to Paris ; restored
BENT, JOHANNES VAN DER, born in 1816. Engraved by Piccianti Meys- ;

in Amsterdam about 1650 (?), died in 1690. sens and in bust by J. Morin Masquelier ; ;

Dutch school landscape painter pupil of fils. Etched by Gaujeau (1882). Smith,
; ;

Philips Wbuwerman and of Adriaan van iii. 46 Guiffrey, 54 Filhol, iv. PI. 245. ; ;

de Velde, but appears rather as a follower BENVENUTI, GIO. BATTISTA. See

of Berchem. Works Italian Landscape Orlola.no. :

with Shepherds, Rotterdam Museum Laud- BENVENUTI, PIETRO, born at Arezzo,

;
'

scape with Span of Oxen, Stockholm Mu- Jan. 8, 1769, died in Florence, Feb. 3, 1844.
seum two Landscapes with Figures and History painter studied in Florence after
; ;

Cattle, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. By P. Andrea del Sarto and in Rome after Raphael;
Bent, otherwise unknown, an Annuncia- adhered in his early works to manner of
tion to the Shepherds, in the Brunswick David, but
developed an independent style,
Gallery. Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 556 Rie- and, with Camuccini, was looked upon as one
;

gel, Beitrage, ii. 283. of the first of modern Italian painters. Lived,
BENTELE, FIDELIS, born at Tettnang, after 1805, in Florence, where he became
Wurteniberg, April History paint- director of the Academy. Works Judith
8, 1830. :

er ; pupil of Munich Academy,

and, under with Head of Holofernes, Arezzo Cathedral ;

Bernhard Neher, of Stuttgart Art-school, then Ugolino

(1822); Death of Priam, Oath of
studied in Italy, 1856-59. Since 1865 profes- the Saxons after the Battle of Jena,
Delphic
sor of drawing at the school of architecture
Sibyl, Death of St. Chrysogonus, Ravenna
in Stuttgart. Works: The Good Samari- Cathedral. Works in fresco :
Myth of Her-
tan, Allegoryon Poetry and Music, Stuttgart cules, Palazzo Pitti, Florence; Scenes from
others in churches at Stuttgart, Old and New Testament,
Gallery ;
Chapel of S. Lo-
Cannstatt, Ravensburg, Tettnang, etc. renzo, Florence. Meyer, Con. Lex., iii.
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 557. 182.
 BENZ
BENZ, SEVERIN, born at Marbach, to a Young Girl (1836) Music Lesson ;

St. Gall, March 14, 1834. His-

Switzerland, (1837); Return to the Country (1838);
tory, portrait, genre and landscape painter Christ Asleep (1839); Consequences of Se-
; i

pupil of Munich Academy, under Anschiitz duction (1840)

!
Guardian Angel (1846) ; ;

and Piloty, then made a study trip to Ven- Peasant Family (1849) The Rich and Poor ;

ice and North Italy. His religious paintings (1852); Children Surprised by Children
Rain (1853); Sleep, The Professor (1857);
'

are elevated in conception and brilliant in

colour. Works Christ Appearing to Mag- Repentant Fisherman, Fruit-Seller (1859).
: i

dalen (1857); Bandits in Ambush, Mother's His daughter Susanne Estelle (Mme. Apoil),
Happiness (1862) Joseph, Madonna, distinguished herself as a flower and fruit
;
St.
Resurrection (1863) Come, ye that are painter. Medal, 2d class, 1858. Meyer,
;

heavy-laden Descent from the Cross Kiinst. Lex., iii. 570 Larousse, ii. 563.
!
j
;

(1866); Crucifixion, Christ and the Woman BERANGER, CHARLES, born at Sevres,
of Samaria (1869) Landscape at Wallensee ; Nov. 21, 1816, died in Paris, May 15, 1853.
;

Flight into Egypt (1879) Christ on the Still-life, animal, genre, and portrait paint-
;

Cross (1883). In fresco: Siege of Carmagn- er ; son of preceding; pupil of Ecole des
ola by the Elector Max Emanuel 1691 Beaux Arts and of Delaroche. Medals 3d
in >

(1865), National Museum, Munich. Meyer, class, 1839 2d class, 1840. Works Kitch-
; :

Kiinst. Lex., iii. 565. en Interior (1837) Scene in Life of Hen- ;

BENZON, CHRISTIAN ALBRECHT riette of France (1839); Peasant Woman at

;

VON, born in Copenhagen, June 11, 1816, the Well, Maid watering Horse, Laundress
died in Paris, Sept. 30, 1849. Historical and i

(1840); Fruit-seller's Booth (1842); View of

genre painter; pupil of Copenhagen Acad-jMarcho des Jacobins, Dog Portraits (1846);
emy went to Diisseldorf in 1840 or 1841, Dog and Game (1848) Dogs Running,
; ;

to Paris in 1845, where he received a gold Working Horses, Child with Chickens <

medal from Louis Philippe. Works Last (1851) Two Roosters (1853). Meyer, KUnst.
: I

Confession (1842); Sinner on his Deathbed, Lex., iii. 571.

Death of Don Juan ;
Death of St. Canut BERANGER, EMILE (JEAN BAPTISTE
(1844) ; Norman Chief taking Italian City
at Sevres, Aug. 30, 1814.
j
ANTOINE), born
(1846); Louis IV. of France recognizing at Genre painter brother of preceding first ; ;

Rouen Richard I. and Descendants as Dukes employed in decorating porcelain at Suvres

of Normandy, Town Hall, Rouen. Weil- with his father, Antoine B. His favourite
bach, 56. subjects are young women of the working
BERANGER, ANTOINE, born in Paris, ,
class in pretty costumes, fresh and clear in

May 1785, died at Sevres, April 21,

19, colour. Medals 3d class, 1846 2d class,
:
;

1867. History, genre, and portrait painter 1848. Works Simon Memmi painting ;
:

studied under several masters, and was one Laura (1840) ; Seamstress, Young Girl |

of the best artists of the older school. For boiling Milk (1846); Day after the Ball,
years employed at the porcelain factory at Reading Lesson, Hiding a Letter (1848);
Sevres, and contributed largely to its ce- Order and Disorder (1863); First Joys
lebrity. Medals 3d class, 1839 2d class, (1864)
: The New Maid (1866) Hopeful
;
,
; ;

1840 L. of Honour, 1841.

; Works Wo- Lad (1868) Young Mother, Wm. H. Van- :
;

man and Children at Husband's Grave derbilt, New York Bouquet, C. Parsons, ;

(1814); Autumn (1819); Wandering Musi- St. Louis; Voice of the Shell, T. Dolan,
cians Rural Wedding (1822)
; Seduction Philadelphia Fair Oyster-Opener, Glass of
;
!

(1824); Susanna (1827) Young Shepherd Lemonade, Where has it Gone ? Mrs.
; L. R
Asleep, Wounded Traveller (1833); Prisoner Stuart,
[
New York; Consoling the Widow,
(1835) ;
Old Man interpreting a Holy Book C. P. Huntington, New York ;
Madam's
 BfiRAUD
Eobes, Madam's Chocolate, J. Hoey, New St. Petersburg. Allgem. d. Biogr., ii. 350 ;

York. Ch. Blanc, ftcole hollandaise Brockhaus, ii. ;

BfiRAUD, JEAN, born in St. Petersburg, 820 ; Dohme, 1. ii. ; Kugler (Crowe), ii. 446 ;

of French parents contemporary. Genre ;

and portrait painter pupil of Bonnat. Med- ;

als 3d class, 1882

: 2d class, 1883. Works
;
:

Leda (1877); Soiree (1878); Condolences

(1879); Public Ball (1880); Montmartre
(1881) ;
The Intermediary, The Vertigo
(1882) ;
The Brewery, The Prayer (1883);
Les fous(1884); portrait of Coquelin (1885). Meyer, Kilnst. Lex., iii. 573; Riegel, Bei-
BERCHEM (Berghem), CLAAS (Nicolaas) triige, ii. 375 Van der Willigen, 76.
;

PIETERSZ, born BERCHERE, NARCISSE, born at

in Haarlem, bap- Etampes (Seine et Oise), in 1822. Land-
tized Oct. 16, scape painter pupil of Renoux and of Re-
;

1620, died in Am- mond. Paints Oriental scenes with great

sterdam, Feb. 18, truth to nature good in composition,
;

1683. Dutch drawing, and colour. Medals: 3d class,

school; land- 1859, 1861, 1864, 1878 L. of Honour, ;

scape, animal, his- 1870. Works a Caravan caught in a Si-

:

tory,and portrait moom, Colossus of Memnon (1859) ; Cara-

painter son and ;
van crossing the Desert, Temple of Her-
pupil of Pieter montis (1861); Twilight in Lower Nubia
Claasz pupil of J. van Goyen, N. Moyaert,
; (1864), Luxembourg Museum ; Mouth of the
P. de Grebber, Jan Wils, whose daughter Nile at Lesbeh (1870); three Views on the
he married, and J. B. Weenix. In June, Nile (1875); Mahalet-el-Kebir (1876); The
1642, he entered the guild in Haarlem, Nile between Cairo and Isle of Rodah, View
where he worked until 1670, having prob- at Thebes (1878). Larousse ; Meyer, Kttnst.
ably visited Italy in 1648-55, and finally Lex., iii. 582.
settled in Amsterdam. His early pictures BERCK-HEYDE (Berk Heyde), GER-
'

resemble the works of Weenix, but his later RIT, born at Haarlem, baptized June 6, 1638,
ones, representing landscapes enriched with died there, June 10, 1698. Dutch school
1

architectural ruins and charming groups of :

landscape and architecture painter pupil ;

figures and cattle, are original and interest- probably of Frans Hals, and of his elder
ing. His historical and mythological pict- brother, Job B., whom he accompanied to
ures are not so successful. He was a good Cologne and Heidelberg, where they were
etcher. Works Landscape with Ruin, and
:
employed for some time at the court of the
three National Gallery, London
others, ;
Elector Palatine. Master of Haarlem guild
Winter Landscape, and six others, Am- in 1660. Works View : of Amsterdam
sterdam Museum Pastoral (1648), Wild- (1668), Antwerp Museum
; Old City Hall ;

Boar Hunt, Italian Ford, Convoy Attacked, (1677), View of the Spaarne at Haarlem,
Hague Museum Rocky Landscape, and ten three Views of Old City Hall (one dated
;

others, Louvre several in Munich Gallery

;
1604), Landscape with Castle Egmond, Am-
;

do, Dresden Gallery Shepherds and Cattle, sterdam Museum

; View of Cologne, Rot- ;

Woman on Donkey, Vienna Museum terdam Museum two Views in Amsterdam, ; ;

Winter Landscape with figures, three others, Stadel Gallery, Frankfort Flock of Sheep ;

Berlin Museum Halt of Hunters, Rape of driven through Gate, Cassel Gallery View
; ;

Europa (1656), thirteen others, Hermitage, of the Dam (1689), Kunsthalle, Carlsruhe ;

143
 BERCK
View of Heidelberg Castle, Copenhagen Gal- 1654, probably only for a short time. Court
lery View at The Hague, Berlin Museum
; painter to Count Henry of Nassau, after
;

two Views in Amsterdam (one dated 1665), whose death he settled at Middelburg. De
do. in Cologne and Bonn, Schwerin Gallery Bie speaks highly of his archery pieces and
;

of Admirals de Ruyter and

Square before Ancient Buildings, Hunting the portraits
Party, Dresden Gallery View in Haarlem Evertsen.
;
Works Portrait of Vice-Admi- :

ral Bankert (1648), Amsterdam Museum

(1673, attributed to Job), View in Amster- ;

dam, Hermitage, St. Petersburg View of do. of Joost van Trappen, Rotterdam Mu-
;

Haarlem Cathedral, View in Cologne, Uffizi, seum. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 587.
Florence. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 586 Van BERDELLE, JOHANN BAPTIST, born
;

der Willigen, 79. in Mentz, May 15, 1813, died in Munich,

BEECK-HEYDE (Berk Heyde), JOB, July 19, 1876. History and portrait painter ;

born at Haarlem, baptized Jan. 27, 1630, pupil of Diisseldorf Academy, under Scha-
died there, Nov. 23, 1693. Dutch school dow, visited (1841-45) Paris, and North
;
;

landscape, architecture, and genre painter Italy, especially Venice, then settled in
; j

pupil of Jacob de Wet, and of Frans Hals Munich, where he was greatly influenced
;
j

Master of Haarlem guild in 1654. Went by Genelli and by Rahl. Undeserved oppo-
with his brother Gerrit up the Rhine as far sition and disparagement on the part of the
as Heidelberg, where they were patronized reigning clique drove him to suicide he ;

by the Elector Palatine after their re- drowned himself in the Isar. Works Blind
;
:

turn to Haarlem they lived together, both re- Nimrod(1847); two Religious Pictures with
maining unmarried. Works: Interior of Old Saints (1854) Female Portrait (1856) ; ;

Exchange at Amsterdam (1678), Arenberg Maria Hilf The Four Seasons (1861); Myth!

Gallery, Brussels Studio of Frans Hals, of Ariou, Hageu with the Mermaids (1867);
;

Joseph's Brethren in Egypt (1669), Interior fourteen Groups from Greek Mythology
of Old Exchange, Church Interior (1664), (1871), Staircase, Polytechnic Institute, Mu-
Amsterdam Museum Courtesan's Room, nich
;
Scene from Life of Psyche (1876).
;

Rotterdam Museum Interior, Stiidel Gal- ; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 589 Kunst- ;

lery, Frankfort Family

; Assembled before Chronik, xi. 801.
House, Meiningen Gallery Church Interior, BERG, ALBERT, born in Berlin in 1825,
;

Gottingen Gallery Soldiers on Guard, Ama- died at Hallstadt, Austria, Aug. 19, 1884.
;

lienstift, Dessau Winter Landscape, Ber- Landscape painter, pupil at Geneva of

;

lin Museum ;
Christ and the Children Guigon studied from nature in southern
;

(1662), Man at Breakfast, Schwerin Gallery France, north Italy, and Switzerland in 1844
; ;

Interior of Haarlem Cathedral (1665), went from Naples with the Grand Duke
Dresden Gallery two Landscapes, two Ani- of Mecklenburg to Malta, Smyrna, and Con-
;

mal Pieces (?), Liech- * stantinople. Studied, 1846-1848, in Paris

tenstein Gallery, Vi- &Or. and Italy and, on Humboldt's suggestion,
Mydt
* ff
enna Artist's Portrait
;
went in 1849 to Central and South America,
(1675), Uffizi, Florence. Meyer, Kiinst. and returned to Berlin in 1850, bringing
Lex., iii. 585 Quellenschriften, xiv. 362
;
with him a rich collection of sketches, now,
;

Van der Willigen, 78. with others from Rhodes and Lycia, in the
BERCKMAN, HENDRIK, born at Klun- National Gallery. In 1853-54 hs lived in
dert, near Willemstad, in 1629, died at Mid- Rhodes, visited Lycia, and in 1860 joined

delburg (?) in 1690. Dutch school portrait the Prussian expedition to Eastern Asia.
;

painter pupil at Haarlem of Philips Wou- After journeys through the Alpine countries,
;

werman, and in Antwerp of Willeboorts and Scotland and Greece, he spent the winter
Jordaens; entered the guild at Leydeu in of 1873-74 in Athens, and in 1878 became

1-14
 BE1MJ

director of the Breslati Museum. Works

(1839) and Ghent (1841) Academies. His
:
1

two Views in Primeval Forests of New pictures represent mostly cows or sheep at
Granada (1852) Views in the Tropical pasture. Immerzeel, i. 45.
;

Woods do. in Rhodes and in Lycia

;
BERGAMASCO. See Lotto, Lorenzo.
;

Cairo from Road to Boulak, Kata-men Gate BERGAMASCO, IL, born at Bergamo
at Peking (1873). Meyer, Kdnst. Lex., iii. about 1500, died in Madrid in 1579. Genc-
595 Kunst-Chronik, viii. 806.
;
ese school. Real name Giambattista Cas-
!

BERG, ALBEET (JOSEF ALBERT tello, but called Bergainasco to distinguish

SOULT), bom in Stockholm, Sept. 19, 1832. him from the |
noted miniature painter of
Marine painter pupil of Stockholm Acad- the same name, who died at an advanced
;

emy, then of Dtisseldorf Academy, under age in 1637. Came early with the painter
Andreas Achenbach; visited Holland and Aurelio Busso to Genoa, where lie won repu-
Belgium, studied in Paris under Ary Schef- tation as a painter studied painting, archi- ;

fer, then visited Italy and Sicily, and in 18G5 tecture, and sculpture in Rome. In 1567
settled in Stockholm. He is a deaf-mute, went to Spain, at invitation of Philip H.,
and one of the most ardent promoters of and executed works in the Escorial, the
the education of deaf-mutes in Sweden. Pardo, and other palaces. Lanzi, iii. 246 ;

Works: Fight between Swedish Ship and Ch. Blanc, Ecole Genoise.
English Men-of-War in 1704 (1870), and two BERGEN (Berghen), DIRK VAN, flour-
others, Stockholm Museum. Meyer, Kttnst. ished in Haarlem in 1661-90. Dutch
Lex., iii. 596. school landscape and animal painter pu-
; ;

BERG, JACOBUS EVERARDUS JO- pil of Adriaan van de Velde, whom he imi-
SEPHUS VAN DEN, born at Rotterdam, tated successfully. About 1673 he opened
Nov. 8, The Hague, July 20, a studio in London afterwards returned
1802, died at ;

1861. son and pupil, at home (about 1680 ?). Sometimes painted
History painter ;

Rotterdam Academy, of Gysbertus Johan- figures in the landscapes of Philips de Ko-

nes van den Berg (17G9-1817), then pupil niuck. Works Two Landscapes (one dated :

of Antwerp Academy, and of Herreyns. 1688), Louvre do., Amsterdam, Berlin, and
1
;

After eight years in Italy attained great Vienna Museums four, Schwerin Gallery ; ;

success in Paris, then became professor, four (one dated 1682), Dresden Gallery.
and in 1844 director, of The Hague Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii, 599.
Academy. Works: Self-Sacrifice of Admi- BERGER, JULIUS VICTOR, born at
ral de Ruyter Scene from Maid of Perth Neutitschein, Moravia, July 10,
; 1850.
Scenes in Lives of Jacoba van
(1839) ;
History, genre, and portrait painter pupil ;

Bergeron, Jan van Schaffelaar, and Clau- of Vienna Academy and of Ed. Engerth ;

dius Civilis Fall of the Angels St. Law- won the

; ;
grand prize for Rome in 1874, and
rence Supper at Emmaus.
; Itumerzeel, i. spent three years in Italy. Professor at In-
44; Krnmm, viii. 11. dustrial Art-School in Vienna since 1881.
BERG, SDION VAN DEN, born at Works Baptism of Borivoi Emperor Ru- :
;

Overschie, near Rotterdam, Nov. 4, 1812. dolph H. and Keppler (1871); Spring's En-
Animal and landscape painter pupil at try (1878); Portrait of Botanist Fenzl (1879),
;

Rotterdam Academy of Gillis de Meyer, Vienna

Academy; All Soul's Day (1881);
and at The Hague of Pieter G. van Os, then Decorative
Paintings (1882), Palazzo Zierer,
settled in Amsterdam, in 1841 at Heem- Vienna.
Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 605 Neuo ;

stede, near Haarlem, and in 1875 became illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 663 (1881), i. 85. ;

conservator, and in 1880 director, of the BERGERET, DENIS PIERRE, bom

Royal Gallery at The Hague. Gold medal, at Villeparisis (Seiue-et-Marne); contempo-
Amsterdam, 1838; member of Amsterdam rary. Still-life painter pupil of Karl Dau-
|
;

145
 BERGERET
bigny. Medals: 3d class, 1875; 2d class, 1877. of the Stockholm Academy won first prize ;

Works Dessert, Lobster (1875) Prawns, in 1853, and studied then in Diisseldorf
:
;

Preparations for Dessert (1877) ; Flies' Feast, under Gude and in Geneva under Calame.
War Art Eeligion (1880); Lucky Day, Travelled in 1856-57 in Italy became, ;

Present from Pomona (1881); The Tide after his return, member of, and in 1861
the Stockholm Academy. Med-
(1882); For the Fete-Days, Salt and Fresh professor in,
Water Crustaceans (1883); Thrushes, Rai- als in Stockholm (1866) and Paris (1867).
sins (1884). Works Wood-Interior, Stockholm Mu-:

BERGERET, PIERRE NOLASQUE, seum Beech-Wood, Magnus, Gothenburg

; ;

born in Bordeaux, Feb. 2, 1782, died in Veblungsniis in Romsdal, Astrup, Stock-

'

Paris, Feb. 21, 1863. History, genre, and holm ; View of Stockholm, Prince of Wales ;
portrait painter ; pupil of Lticour, the
elder View in Dalecarlia, Becker, Amsterdam.
(1745-1814), of Vincent and of David ; ex- Brockhaus, ii. 819.
hibited first in the Salon of 1806, when he BERGHE, AUGUSTINUS VAN DEN,
won the grand prix. Medal 1st class,
: born at Bruges in 1756, died at Beauvais,
1808. Works: Raphael's Obsequies (1806); France, in 1836. History, landscape, and
Francis I. and Henry VHI. on the Field of portrait painter pupil in Bruges Academy
;

the Cloth of Gold (1808); Charles V. pick- of J. A. Geremyn, then from 1780 in Paris

ing up Titian's Brush (1808), Portrait of Academy of Suvee won prize in 1782, re-
;

Louis Philippe, Museum, Bordeaux Christ ; turned to Flanders in 1791, won prize in
Crowned with Thorns, Cathedral, ib.; St. Ghent Academy in 1796, and became pro-
Louis in Prayer, Notre Dame, ib. Czar ; fessor at the cole centrale at Beauvais.
Alexander presenting to Napoleon the Cal- Works Coriolanus with his Family (1786); :

niucks, Cossacks, and Bashkirs of the Rus- CEdipus at Colonus Death of Adonis St. ; ;

sian Army (1810), Versailles Gallery Henry Anthony of Padua in Ecstasy, Notre Dame,
;

IV. on his Bier, Meeting at Tilsit of Alex- Bruges CEdipus cursing his Son Polynices ;

ander and Napoleon (1810); Anne Boleyn (1796), Ghent Museum. Immerzeel, i. 46.
listening to her Sentence (1814) Francis BERGHE, CHARLES AUGUSTE VAN
;

I. writing Verses inspired by Agnes Sorel DEN, born at Beauvais (Oise), in 1798,

(1817), Rembrandt in his Studio (183C), died in Paris, Dec. 17 (Nov. 19 ?), 1853.
Foutainebleau Homer Reciting, Michel- History and portrait painter son of preced-
; ;

angelo, grown blind, touching an An- ing, pupil of Girodet and Gros. Medal,
tique Torso (1817); St. Louis at Dami- 2d class, 1833; L. of Honour, 1839.
etta, Lippo Lippi delivered from Captivity, Works :
Quentin Durward and Louis XL,
Poussin's Obsequies (1819); Court of Mar- Portrait of Bertini (1833); Descent from
guerite of Navarre, Charles V. in Prison, the Cross, Temptation of St. Anthony,
Tintoretto and Aretino (1822); Shipwreck Magdalen Penitent (1836); Alice and Cora ;

of Charles V. (1824); Claude Lorrain and portraits of Generals Vaubois and Greard, of
Innocent X. (1831); Death of Titian (1833); the composer Koutski, and others. Meyer,
j

Excavation of the Laocoon, Soliman H. buy- Ktinst. Lex., iii. 612.

ing Roxelana, Henry H. and Diana of Poitiers BERGHEM. See Berchem.
(1835); Education of Jupiter, Republic Tri- BERGLER, JOSEF, born in Salzburg,
umphant (1849); Charity, Death of Colum- May 1, 1753, died in Prague, June 25, 1829.
bus (1851). Larousse, ii. 582 ; Meyer, History painter pupil of his father, the ;

Kiinst. Lex., iii. 606. sculptor J. B., the elder (1708-88), in Pas-
BERGH, JOHAN EDVARD, born in sau, then from 1776-79 of Martin Knoller
Stockholm, March 29, died there, in Milan, and in 1786 of Maron in Rome.
1828, i

Sept. 23, 1880. Landscape painter pupil After winning the great prize of the Acad-
;

146
 BERJON
emy at Parma, he became cabinet painter to 8 fi 2 in. The Saint in habit of Cistercian
Cardinal Auersperg, prince bishop of Pas- Order, kneeling iu his cell, beholds the Vir-
of cherubs and
sau, and in 1800 director of the newly gin, on clouds in a glory
founded Academy at Prague. He painted heads, bearing Jesus on her arm with her ;

a considerable number of altarpieces for right hand she presses from her breast a
churches in Bavaria and Austria, and several stream of milk, which falls on the Saint's
at left, before a case of books, is a
episodes from German and Bohemian his- lips ;

notably Hermann and Thusnelda, in table with books, writing materials, and
tory,
other books
the Gallery Libussa as Mediator, lilies on floor, in foreground,
Prague ; ;

Sentence of Spitignev II., Rescue by and the pastoral staff.

Duke Second manner;
Bohemian Knights of Charles IV. at Pisa. from Palace of S. Udefouso. Engraved by
Allgem. d. Biogr. ii. 390 Wurzbach, i. F. Muntaner, J. Bromley; etched by A.
;

309. Jameson, C. Alabern. Curtis, 220 ; Ma-

BERJON, ANTOINE, born in Lyons, drazo, 475.
May 17, 1753, died there in Nov., 1843. BERNARDINO DI BETTL See Pintu-
Flower and still-life
painter, exhibited first ricchio.

in 1791. Medal, 2d class, 1819. Works BERNARDINO : DA COTIGNOLA. See

Wedding Present (1797); Shells and Corals, Zayanelli, Francesco.
A Hare, A Rooster (1810) Flowers and BERNARDO ;
FLORENTIA. See DE
Fruit in Baskets, Grapes, Peonies, Bouquet Daddi, Bernardo.
j

(1813); Fruitpiece, Dessert (1836); Poppies BERNATZ, JOHANN MARTIN, born at

(1823) Artist's Miniature Portrait (1818), Speyer, March 22, 1802, died in Munich,
;

all in Lyons Museum. Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., Dec. 19, 1878. Landscape and architecture
iii. 622. painter pupil at Vienna Academy in 1821,
;

BERK HEYDE. See Berck-Heyde. and again in 1827-29, meanwhile of Keller-

BERNA. See Barna. hofen at Speyer went to Munich in 1829,
;

BERNAERTS (Bernaerd), NICASIUS, visited Constantinople, Asia Minor, and

born at Antwerp in 1620, died in Paris, Egypt and Abyssinia
in 1836-37, Calcutta

Sept. 16, Flemish school; animal

1678. in 1840-43,and published, in 1852, an ex-
and still-life painter ; pupil of Frans Sny- tensive work under the title Scenes in :

ders, 1633-34, then went to Italy and set- Ethiopia. Works Kloster Maulbronn,
:

tled in Paris, where he was among the most Speyer Cathedral, Cycle of Water Colours
of Schoa,
esteemed Flemish painters after a few ; (1858); Rori River in Highlands
years he went to Antwerp, was received Nubian Salt Lakes (1871); Church in Mon-
master of Si Luke's Guild in 1654, but astery on Mount Sinai (1871 and 1877);
soon returned to Paris, where he became j
Court of Suleiman Mosque at Constantino-
member of the Academy in 1663. His ple (1874); View of Suleiman Mosque (1878).
piece of reception was an historical picture Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., iii. 650 Kunst- ;

Chastity of Joseph. In France known al- Chronik, xiv. 227.

most exclusively under the name of Nicasius. BERNAZZANO, CESARE, of Milan,
Works Birds, Birds and Quadrupeds,
: flourished beginning of 16th
century.
Louvre, Paris Animals in a Landscape,
; Lombard school probably pupil of Leon-
;

Rouen Museum Fight between Cat and

;
ardo da Vinci. Painted landscapes, fruits,
Dog, Dijon Museum. Biog. nat de Bel- flowers, and birds, sometimes in collabora-
gique, ii. 270 Meyer, Kttnst. Lex., iii. 631
; ;
tion with Cesare da Sesto, who added the
Michiels, ix. 76, 288 Rooses (Reber), 425.
; figures in his landscapes.
Bernazzano
BERNARD, ST., VISION OF, Murillo, painted the fine landscape background
to
Madrid Museum ; canvas, H. 10 ft. 3 in. X Cesare's Baptism of Christ, Casa Scotti Gal-

147
 BERNE
Heath of Kerbagadie, Fountain
'

lerati, Milan. Vasari, eel. Mil., v. 101 ;

in Brittany

Lanzi, ii. 487 ; Ch. Blanc, licole milanaise. (1869); Road near Bannalec (1870); January
BERNE - BELLECOUR, ETI E N NE in Brittany (1872), Luxembourg Museum ;

PROSPER, bora at Boulogne, June 29, D'Anndour at Bannalec (1873); Summer,

1838. Genre,
landscape, and portrait Autumn (1875); Wooden Shoe-Makers in
painterpupil of Picot and of F. Barrias. the Woods of Quimerch (1877); Abandoned
;

Medals 1869 1st class, 1872

:
;
3d class, Path (1879); Pool (1882); Mist and Sun-
;

1878 L. of Honour, 1878. Works Sou- shine (1884); Little Wood, La Lande (1885).
;
:

venir of Normandy (1861) ;

Road on the Larousse.
Borders of Normandy (1864) Great Heat, BERNINGER, EDMUND, born at Arn-
;

View on Norman Coast (18C8); Dismounted, stadt,Thuringia, in 1843. Landscape painter;

A Sonnet, Amorous Man, Pea Shooter pupil of the Weimar Art School under Theo-
(1869) After the Procession, Shearing dore Hagen visited Holland, Italy, Corsica,
; ;

Sheep in Normandy (1870) Cannon-Shot, and Northern Africa, and settled in Munich.
;

Nest of Cupids (1872) Rent-Day (1873) Works London Bridge, Venetian Night
; ;
:

Intended Husband, Summer Morning Festival (1873); Street in Tunis (1876); Isle
(1874); Guerillas of the Seine in Battle of of Capri Ruins of Carthage View on the ; ;

Malmaison (1875) The Desert (1876) In Thames (1880)

;
Street in Cairo Several ; ; ;

the Trenches (1877); On the Ground Views in Egypt. Exhibited at Munich

(1879) Attack on Chateau of Montbeliard (1883) Evening near Sorrento, Bay of Al-
;
:

(1881) Manoeuvre of Embarking (1882)

; ; giers. M filler, 45.
Prisoner, Strategic Point (1883) Disem- ; BEROUD, LOUIS, born at Lyons ;
con-
barkation (1885), G. Petit, Works in temporary. History painter ; pupil of Gour-
United States : Intended Husband, Miss C. det, Bonnat, and Lavastre. Medal, 2d class,
L. Wolfe, New York In the Trenches, ;
F. 1883. Works Place Saint-Sulpice (1880) :
;

Harper, New York In the Woods, R. ;

L. Place de la Republique (1881) Salon Carre ;

Cutting, New York Trumpet Practice, ;

B. at the Louvre, (1882); At the Louvre (1883)
j
;

Wall, Providence.- Larousse. Studies at Venice (1884) My ;

Henri IH at
BERNIER, CAMILLE, born at Colmar Venice (1885). :

in 1823. Land- BERRES, JOSEF VON, born at Lem-

scape painter ; berg, Austria, May 30, 1821. Genre painter ;

pupil of L. !

pupil of Munich Academy under Piloty (1866

Floury. In, -69), having until then served in the Austrian
1873 was mem- army where he attained the rank of colonel;
ber of the jury commanded a regiment during the cam-
of the Salon. paign of 1866, and was decorated with the
Medals: 1868, Order of the Iron Crown. Travelled ex-
x 1869 2d class, tensively in the East, as far as the Cauca-
;

1878 L. of sus and Astrakan.

; Many of his pictures
Honour, 1872. bought for America. Works Wallenstein :

Works Farm burning Documents Galmuck Wedding :

; ;

of Kerluce (1857) Rocks near Plous- Recruiting in Lower Hungary Dismis-

; ;

gastel (1859); The Gapeau (1861); Village sal of Huszars Romance on the Heath ; ;

of Plounesur, Bay of Penhir (1863); Beach Evening Sermon in St.

Stephen's, Vienna ;

of Guisseny, Mouth of the Elorn

(1864); Hungarian Horse Fair (1873), Vienna Muse-
Burning Sea-Weed near Kersaint (1865); um Cattle Dealers in the Campagna (1877); ;

Heath near Bannalec (1867); Pond of Qui- Stalling of a Picket (1882). Meyer, Kiinst.
merch, Path through the Broom (1868); Lex., iii. 679.

148
 BERRETTINI
BERRETTINI, PIETRO. See Pietro da Stirling, i. 140 ; Ch. Blanc, l5cole espagnole;
Cortona. Bermudez, i. 130; Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 161;

BERRETTONI, NICCOL<\ born at Ma- W. & W., iii. 40.

cerata, Dec. 14, 1637, died in Rome in Feb. BERRUGUETE, PEDRO, born at Par-
1682. Bolognese and Roman school history ;
edes de Nava, died in Madrid after 1504.
painter pupil at Bologna of Cantarini, then
; Spanish school; painter to Philip I., by whom
at Rome of Carlo Maratti, who became jeal- he was ennobled. Employed with Rincon in
ous of his pupil's brilliant success. He formed cathedral of Toledo in 1483, 1495, and 1497;
for himself a mixed style, imitating Guido also painted in cathedral of Avila. Bermudez
and Correggio. Works Marriage of the
: ranks him with Pietro Perugino. Bermu-
Virgin, S. Lorenzo in Borgo, Rome Birth ; dez, i. 144 Stirling, i. 93 W. & W., ii. 359.
; ;

and Baptism of Christ, Dresden Gallery; St. BERTAUD, Mme. CHERADAME, died
Magdalen, Augsburg Gallery Visitation, ;
about 1824. History and portrait painter ;

Hermitage, St. Petersburg frescoes in S.

; pupil of David. Medal, 2d class, 1819.
Maiia de Montescanto al Popolo, Rome, S. Works Hagar in the Desert (1814); Daugh-
:

Maria del Suffragio, ib., Palazzo Altieri al Minos (1817); Female Gardener, Por-
ters of
Gesh, ib., Palazzo della Ruffina, FrascatL traits (1819); Portrait of the Poet Pizere-

Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 692. caurt (1822), Nancy Museum; The Fairy
BERRUGUETE, ALONSO, born at Pare- Urgel Portrait of Gen. Devraux de Sainte
;

des de Nava about 1480, died at Alcala in Maurice, Versailles Gallery. Meyer, Ktlnst.
1561. Spanish school ; pupil of his father, Lex.,
>
iii. 699.
Pedro Berruguete went to Florence about
; BERTEAUX, HIPPOLYTE DOMIN-
1503 and studied with Michelangelo, whom IQUE, born at Saint-Quentin (Aisne) ; con-
he also assisted in the Vatican. He practised temporary. History and portrait painter ;

painting, sculpture, and architecture, and pupil of Hip. Flaudrin, Galland, and P. Bau-
was among the sculptors chosen by Bra- dry. Medal, 3d class, 1883 2d class, 1885. ;

mante to model the Laocoon, to be cast in Works Studies for ceiling of the Theatre
:

bronze. In Florence he was employed to Grasliu at Nantes (1881) First Lesson in ;

finish an altarpiece left incomplete by Filippo History (1882) ; Ce fut la ! souvenir of the
Lippi at his death. In 1520 he returned to great war (1883); Young Shepherdess (1884);
Spain and executed many works, especially Attempt upon Life of Hoche (1885).
monumental altarpieces and church screens, BERTHELEMY, JEAN SIMON, born at
at Saragossa, Valladolid, Madrid, Toledo, and Laon (Aisne), March 5, 1743, died in Paris,
other cities. He was greatly honoured by March 1, 1811. History painter pupil of ;

Charles V., who made him a cavalier and Noel Hallo, won in 1764 the second and in
appointed him his painter and sculptor. He 1767 the first prize for Rome, became mem-
became wealthy enough to purchase the ber of the Academy in 1781, and professor
lordship of Ventosa, near Valladolid. Berru- in 1792. Works Cleobis and Biton draw- :

guete did more for Spanish art than any who ing their Mother to Temple of Juno (1764);
had preceded him, but he was more excellent Alexander cutting theGordian Knot (1767);
Conquest of Calais (1771) Eustache de St. ;

Pierre at the Conquest of Calais (1779) ;

Martyrdom of St. Peter (1779), Douai Mu-

e/ru seum ; Apollo causing the Body of King
Sarpedon to be taken to Lycia (1781), I5cole
two specimens des Beaux Arts, Paris Eleazar preferring
in sculpture than in painting, ;

of which, a Holy Family and Flight into Death to eating of Forbidden Meat (1789),

Egypt, are in the Museum at Valladolid. Angers Museum Bonaparte visiting the ;

149
 BEKTIIELEMY
Wells of Moses (1808), Entry of French defending Redoubt of Monte Legino (1812),
Army into Paris in 1436, Versailles Gallery. Order of St. John taking Possession of Malta
Meyer, Kunst. Lex., iii. 707. (1839), Versailles Gallery ; David obtaining
BERTHELEMY, PIERRE EMILE, bom Saul's Permission to contend with Goliath
at Rouen, April Marine painter ; (1822), Passage through Caen of Due de
3, 1818.

pupil of School, then in Paris of Bern in 1814 (1824), Caen Museum ; Na-
Rouen Art
Cogniet and of Ecole des Beaux Arts. Works: poleon handing to Delegation of Senate the
Naval Battle Between French Fleet under Captured Prussian Standards, Compiegne.
Duquesne and Dutch-Spanish Fleet under Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 710.
Ruyter, 1676 (1846) Scene from Walter ; BERTHOUD, AUGUSTS HENRI, born
Scott's Pirate, Harbour of Fecamp (1847); in Paris of Swiss parents, April, 1829. Land-

Ship in Distress (1848); Flight of Jean Bart scape and genre painter pupil of Prottevin, ;

(1849) Shipwreck of Van Tromp in Bay of and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, then of
;

Trepass6s (1851); do. of Corsair Ship (1853) Ary Scheffer and influenced by Corot, with
;

Return of Fishing Boats (1857) After the whom he was allied in friendship settled at
; ;

Storm (1859) Burning Vessel (1861) Ship Interlaken in 1862, and at Neuchatel, the
; ;

Le Vaubant in a Storm (1864) Mouth of home of his family, 1874. President of the
;

the Seine at Sunset (1865) Shipwreck of Society of Swiss Painters and Sculptors since
;

Borythenes (1866) Evening Star 1882. Medal, Vienna, 1873. Works Re-
;
do. of :

(1867); Harfleur Harbour

Return of pose sur la Montague (1857) Unspunnen
(1868); ;

Fishing Boats (1877) Various marines near Interlaken (1868)

; Summit of the ;

(1879-85). Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 707.

Jungfrau The Wetterhorn Kandersteg ; ;

BERTHON, NICOLAS, born in Paris, Valley Glacier of Altelo Women of Aries ; ;

Aug. 4, 1831. Genre painter; pupil of Ecole in Prayer Procession of Arlesiennes Plus ; ;

des Beaux Arts and of Cogniet. Medal, heureux qu'un Roi Ruth Judith Mes ; ; ;

1866. Works Mowers' Luncheon (1857) eleves peignant d'apres nature (1879) View
:
;
I
;
'

do. (1863); Mowers, Soldier's Return (1864); near Rosenlani Glacier, Evening Breeze

Bowling at Beauce, Peasant from the Moun- (1882); Death of the Chamois Hunter (1872),
tains (1865); During Mass (1866); Souvenir The Jungfi-au and the Vagueren, Neuchatel
of the Auvergne (1866), Arras Museum The Museum. Meyer, Kiiiist. Lex., iii. 711;
;

Baurree (a dance, 1867) Prayer, Spinning Kunst-Chronik, xiv. 605.

;

Woman (1868) Pastime (1873) The Walk

; BERTHOUD, LEON, born at Neuchatel,
;

(1875); Procession at St. Bonnet (1877); In- Switzerland, in 1827. Landscape painter |
;

terior in Auvergne (1878, 1880, 1882); Pro- pupil of Maximilien de Meuron, then in
cession of Penitents (1883). Meyer, Kiinst. Paris of Leon Cogniet, spent several years
Lex., iii. 711. in Italy, returned to Paris, then settled at
BERTHON, RENfi THEODORE, born St. Blaise, near NeucMtel. Works: Crossing
at Tours in 1776 or 1778, died in Paris, an Arm of the Tiber at Borghetto, Fortified
April 9, 1859. History and portrait painter; Chateau d'Estavayer, The Frolm Tower of

pupil of David lived in Venice and Vienna

; Alp on Lake of Lucerne, Neuchatel Muse-
at the beginning of this century, and re- um Aqueducts in Roman Campagna Bay ; ;

turned to Paris in 1806. One of the most of Naples View of Sorrento Temples of ; ;

talented artists of the modern school. L. of Psestum Monte St. Angelo Baths of Cara- ; ;

Honour. Works: Chloe bathing in a Grotto calla Chateau de Chillon Lake of Neu- ; ;

(1796) ;Portrait of Bonaparte as Consul chatel. Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., iii. 711.
(1801); Surrender of Ulm (1806), Napoleon BERTIN, EDOUARD FRANC/OIS, born
receiving at Berlin Delegation of Senate in Paris, in 1797, died there, Sept. 14, 1871.
after Battle of Jena (1808), Albert Rampou Landscape painter pupil of Girodet and ;

150
 13EIITIX

Biclault. Turning from the classic and tra- BERTO DI GIOVANNI, flourished in
ditional style to nature, he
successfully 1497-1523. Roman school of Perugia ;

endeavoured to unite truth in detail with called also Bertus Joannis Marci. Pupil of
breadth of general effect. Works Meeting Perugino at same time with Raphael, who
:

of Cimabue and Giotto (1827), Christ on engaged him in 1516 as his assistant to
paint
Mount of Olives (1837) Sources of the Al- a picture of the Coronation of the Virgin
;

pheus (1853), View of Olevano, Old Tombs for the convent of S. M. di Monteluce, near
on the Nile, Forest of Fontainebleau. Ch. Perugia, which was finished after Raphael's
Blanc, Artistes de mon Temps, 249 ;
La- death by Giulio Romano and II Fattore
621; Meyer, Gesch., 766. is now in the
(1525) and
rousse, ii.
Gallery of the Vati-
BERTIN, JEAN VICTOR, born in Paris, Berto painted for the predella three
can.
March 20, 1775, died there, June 11, 1842. subjects the Birth (dated 1525), Marriage,
Landscape painter pupil of Valenciennes.
;
and Death of the Virgin, and a fourth rep-
Medal, 1st class, in 1808 L. of Honour, resenting the Presentation in the Temple.
;

1817. He was the master of Cogniet, Bosse- The predella of the principal
altarpiece in
lier, Corot, Enfantin, and Roqueplau. Works: S. Giuliana, Perugia, is perhaps also by him.
Festival of Pan, Offering to Venus, Cicero Lanzi, i. 348; Ch. Blanc, Ecole ombrienne;
on his Return from Exile, Flight of Angelica, C. & C., Italy, iii. 346 Mttntz, Raphael, 622.
I
;

Festival of Bacchus, Arrival of Napoleon at BERTON, ARMAND, born in Paris con- ;

Ettlingen. His Temple of Minerva at Pheneus temporary. History and portrait painter ;
is in the Louvre. Villot, Cat. Louvre; Ottley. pupil of A. Millet and Cabanel. Medal, 3d
BERTIN, NICOLAS, born in Paris in class, 1882. Works :
Evening (1880); Por-
j

1667, died there, April 11, 1736. Pupil of traits (1881) ; Eve, Woman with the Rose
Vernansalle, of Jouvenet, and of Bon Bou- ;
(1882); A Grasshopper (1883); Modern Fable
logne. When eighteen years old he took Seated upon Antique Ruins (1884); Portrait
the first prize for painting for his Building
(1885;.
of the Ark, and he was sent as a pensioner BERTRAND, GEORGES, born in Paris
of the king to Rome, where he resided four in 1849. Genre and
portrait painter pupil ;

years. He became a member of the Acad- of Yvon, Barrias, and Bonnat. Medal, 2d
in 1705, professor in 1715, and
emy adjunct class, 1881. Works The Miser (1876); Fall- :

rector in 1733. Works St. Philip baptiz- ing Leaves (1877); The Leap from the Leu-
:

ing the Eunuch, Hercules delivering Prome- cadian Rock (1878) Slave's Leisure (1879); ;

theus (1703), Louvre Chastity of Joseph, Patrie! (1881);

;
Spring Passing (1883).
Susanna at the Bath, Amsterdam Museum Meyer, Conv. Lex., xxi. 101. ;

Man with the Gourd, Gardener and the BERTRAND, JAMES, born at Lyons in
Bear (2 illustrations of La Fontaine's fables), 1825.
History painter pupil of Perin and ;

Dresden Gallery. Villot, Cat. Louvre. of Orsel, then studied in Rome a skilful, ;

BERTINELLI. See AlbertineW. careful painter, with a graceful, harmonious

BERTLING, KARL, born at Meppen, style and much religious sentiment. Medals:
Hanover contemporary.
;
History and por- 3d class, 1861, 1863, 1869, 1878 L. of Hon- ;

trait painter ; pupil of the Diisseldorf Acad- our, 1876. Works Idyl (1857); St. Benedict :

emy under Schadow and Bendemann be- taking Communion (1859), Lyons Society of
;

came first known through his Death of Abel, Art; Conversion of SL Thais
(1861), Lyons
and is now chiefly reputed for his masterly Museum; Brothers of Death
taking away a
portraits. Works Death of Abel (Edipus Murdered Man in the Campagna (1863),
:
;

(1869); Lore- Lyons Museum Women of Alvito on a Pil-

led by Antigone Resurrection
; ;

ley;Night and Morning (1875), Villa Boker, grimage, Diogenes at La'is's House (1863) ;

Bonn. Elustr. Zeitg. (1876), i. 294. Mary the Egyptian Repentant (1864) Eini- ;

151
 BESCHEY
grants of the Roman Campagna painter pupil of A. Cabanel and J. Bre-
(18G5), Or- ;

leans Museum Phryne at the ;

mond. Won the prix de Rome in 1874.
Festival of
Eleusis, Pilgrimage in the Abruzzi Mountains Medals 3d class, 1874 2d class, 1880. :
;

(1866); Death of Sappho, Idyl (1867) Sere- Works: Autumn (1874) A Fountain
;
(1877); ;

nade, The Curious (1868) Inquisitive Little After a Defeat in the 5th Century (1880);
;

One, Death of Virginia (1869), Luxembourg Plenty encourages Labour, Remorse (1882);
Museum Marguerite, Death of Manon Les- Souvenir of England (1883); Sickness and
;

caut (1870) ; Ophelia's Madness, Ophelia's Convalescence (diptych, 1884); Paris (1885).
Death (1872) ; Cinderella, Caen Museum ; BESSON, FAUSTIN, born at Dole, Jura,

Idyl (1873) ; Eomeo and Juliet Dying, March 15, 1821, died in Paris, March, 1882.
Montpellier Society of Art Anuccia (1874); ;
Genre and portrait painter pupil of Brune, ;

Magdalen, Know Thyself, Lesbia (1875); Decamps, and Gigoux, and of the cole des
Aurora, Marguerite (1876); Echo, Education Beaux Arts had especial success with his
;

of the Virgin (1877); Cloister (1878); Gala- ideal allegorical genre scenes. L. of Hon-
tea and Acis surprised by Polyphemus, our, 1865. Works The Prelude (1844); A
:

Coming out of School (1879) The Bird ;

Summer Day (1846) The AVomen and the ;

Charmer, Marguerite in Church (1880); Love Secret (1848) Courtesans and Venetian
;

drawing Night over the Earth (1881); Cigale Nobles (1849) Return of the Barber of
;

singing to the Moon, Waiting in Ambush Olmedo and of Gil Bias (1850); Youth of
(1882) The Sirens, Charlotte Corday's
;
Lantara (1852), Dole Museum The Dauph- ;

ine's Promenade (1855) Childhood of ;

Gretry (1857), Toulouse Museum Cous- ;

ton's Studio (1861); Callot and the Mounte-

Last Day (1883); Calvary, Ophelia (1884) ;

bank, An Adventure
of Queutin de la Tour
Youth, Study of a Head (1885). Montrosier,
(1866); Smile A
(1867). Larousse, ii. 638
Artistes modernes ;
Larousse. ;

born Chronique des B. Arts (1882), 68.

BESCHEY, BALTHASAR, at Ant-
Tintoretto, BETHESDA, POOL OF, S.
werp, baptized Nov. 20, 1708, died there,
Rocco, Venice. A noble work, but emi-
April 15, 1776. Flemish school history
and portrait painter pupil of Peeter Strick, nently disagreeable.
A crowd of figures,
;

;
with a background of corrupt Renaissance
an obscure artist master of the guild in
;

1733 dean in 1756. With him the school

architecture. Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii.
;
322.
of Antwerp, abandoning the traditions of
By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice.
Rubens, entered on the road to decline.
A
disgusting picture, representing people
Works Flemish Family (1721 ?), Louvre,
:

afflicted with all kinds of diseases. Ruskin,

Paris Joseph Sold by his Brethren, Joseph
;
Stones of Venice, iii. 341.
Viceroy of Egypt (1744), portrait of himself,
Martin Joseph Geeraerts, Antwerp
do. of
BETHKE, HERMANN, born at Bruns-
wick, in 1825. Genre painter pupil in
Museum Scene before Peasant's Cottage,
;
;

Brunswick of Heinrich Brandes, and stud-

ied in Munich after the old masters.
Works : Broken Pitcher
Family Scene ; ;

Siesta Card Players (1865); Grandmother's

;

Convalescence, Summer Morning (1866);

Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna. Cat. de Mu- Red Riding Hood, Saying Grace, Winter-
see d'Anvers (1874), 46 Michiels, x. 484 ; ; Guests, Love-Letter. M filler, 47.
Rooses (Reber), 441. BETTANIER, ALBERT, born at Metz ;

BESNARD, PAUL ALBERT, born in contemporary. History painter pupil of ;

Paris ;
contemporary. History and portrait Pils, Lehrnanu, and Maillart. Medal 3d :

152
 BETTO
class, Works In Lorraine (1881) 1881. Works: A Bohemian Girl (1867);
1885. :
;

Study, In Lorraine (1882); In Lorraine Permission Refused (1868); Toilet of a Sav-

(1883); At Gravelotte (1884); 1870-1880 age Woman (1869); Tour of the City (1870);
(1885). Monkey's Toilet (1872); Dressing in a Stu-
BETTO, BERNARDINO DI. See Pin- dio, Merchant of Knick-Knacks (1873) ;

turicchio. Chevalier Bayard and Maidens of Brescia

;

BEVILACQUA. See Salimbeni, Ventura. (1875); Gossips of Briquebec (1876); Bazaar

!

BEWEIl, CLEMENS, born at Aachen, at Casbah of Algiers (1877); From the

May 30, 1820, died at Bonn, Sept. 2, 1884. Mayor's Office to the Church, Party of
History and portrait painter pupil of the Ladies (1879)
;
On the Cliff, Fleura de
:

DClsseldorf Academy under Karl Sohn Ptelu'r (1880) Mussel Fishers at Dieppe
; ;

went in 1841 to Paris, where he studied (1881); Fishing at Dieppe (1882); Farewell
with Delaroche and Ary Scheffer. Under Kiss (1883); Seaweed Burners (1884); Bad
the latter's guidance he painted for French News (1885).
churches copies after Raphael, Andrea del BEYSCHLAG, JULIUS ROBERT, born
1

Sarto, Rubens, and Murillo

Titian, re- at Nordliugen, July 1, 1838. Genre painter
; ;

turned in 1847 to DUsseldorf thoroughly pupil, at the Munich Academy, of Philipp

imbued with French art afterwards became Foltz, studied afterwards in Paris and Italy.
;

professor at the Academy. Latterly painted His pictures are attractive in subject, and he
portraits almost exclusively. Works Ro- is noted for his graceful treatment of the
:

meo and Juliet (1844); Mary Stuart's Flight female form. Works :
Iphigenia, Mowing
from Lochleven (184G), Cologne Museum ;
Woman (1860); Love Scene from Faust,
The Elves (1847), Tasso reading at the Sunday Morning (1862); Birthday (1864) ;

Court of Ferrara (1850), Contest of Min- Youth with Flowers (1870);

Girl crowning
strels at the Wartburg (1851); Education Psyche (1872); Soap Bubbles (1873); Spring-
of Mary by Anna and Joachim (1852), Find- Day in the Middle Ages (1874) Happy ;

ing of Moses (1862), Loreley (18C7), Judith Mother, Wedding Procession, Orpheus and
(1872), Cologne Museum Portraits of Min-
; Eurydice (1879); Sunday Afternoon in Mid-
ister Stein, Gen. Blumenthal, Archbishop dle Ages, Samuel Hawk Collection, New
von Droste-Vischering. Miiller, 47 Wolfg. ;
York Before the Wedding, H. B. Hurlbut
;

Miiller, Dusseldorf K, 158. Collection, Cleveland Good Sister, T. Do-

;

BEYEREN, ABRAHAM VAN, born at Ian, Philadelphia. Illustr. Zeitg. (1877), ii.

The Hague iu 1020 or 1621, died after 1674. 136.

Dutch school still-life painter master of
; ; BEZARD, JEAN LOUIS, bom at Tou-
the guild at The Hague in 1640, at Delft in louse, Nov. 15, 17'J9. Pupil of Pierre Gue-
1657 mentioned again as member of The
; riu, of Picot, and of cole des Beaux Arts.

Hague guild in 1663, and of that of Alkmaar Won the prix de Rome in 1829. Medals :

in 1674. Works in Amsterdam, Rotter- 1st class, 1836, 1857, 1859 ;

L. of Honour,
dam, Lille, Frankfort, Berlin, Vienna, Pesth 1860. Works :
Magdalen in Desert, Mag-
Museums, Vienna Academy (1666), Dres- dalen Resting, Interior of Church of Arcis,
den, Hanover, Schwerin Galleries, Hermit- Incident of Revolution of 1830, In the
age, St. Petersburg. Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., Louvre, Martyrdom of St. Satuminus (1836);
iii. 340.
Reign of Evil upon Earth (1837); Martyr-
BEYLE, PIERRE MARIE, born at Ly- dom of St. Eu trope (ordered by State),
ons in 1838. Genre painter was a house- Mephistopheles, Angel and Child, Neapoli-
;

painter, but with help from the designer tan Sleeper, Seven Works of Pity, Assump-
Philippon was able to send his first picture tion, St. Roch praying for the Plague-
to the Salon in 1867. Medal of 3d class, Stricken, St. Michael snatching Souls from

158
 BEZZUOLI
the Devil, Seven Sacraments (ordered by with Saints, in the Louvre, and an Annun-
State). Frescos in St. Elizabeth (1849), ciation in the Gallery at Modena. Ch.
St. Eustache, and St. Clotilde, Paris. Blanc, Ecole lombarde ; Burckhardt, 587 ;

Morelli (Richter), 238.

Vapereau (1880), 212.
BEZZUOLI, GIUSEPPE, born in Flor- BIARD, (AUGUSTS) FRANQOIS, born
ence, in 1784, died there, Sept. 1855. His- in Lyons, June 27, 1801, died near Fontaine-

tory painter pupil

;
at the Florence Acad- bleau, July 8, 1882. Landscape and genre
emy under Piattoli, Petroni, and Desmarais painter ; pupil of Revoil in Lyons ; travelled
;

obtained the gold medal in 1811, studied in Europe, the East, and Africa, settled in
then in Rome after Raphael, Domenichino, Paris in 1835, and painted scenes from many
and Guido, became adjunct professor at the countries visited Greenland and Spitz- ;

Florence Academy in 1814, and professor in bergen in 1839, Brazil in 1855. His works
1816. Works Ajax defending the Body are distinguished for humour, sentiment,
:

of Patroclus (1811) Francesca da Rimini and variety.

; Many of them have been en-
(1812); Paul surprised by Lancelot (1813); graved. Medals 2d class, 1827 and 1848 :
;

Entry of Charles VIII. into Florence ; Bap- 1st class, 1836 L. of Honour, 1838.
; Works :

tism of Clovis Manfred found on Battlefield French

;
Tavern Travellers in a Spanish
of Beneventum Death of Filippo Strozzi (1831); Arabs Caught in a Simoom, Nimes
; ;

Assassination of Lorenzino di Medici Fol- Museum San ton preaching to Bedouins,

; ;

ly guiding Chariot of Love Death of Fellah Concert,

; Wandering Comedians,
Abel Episode from Deluge
;
St. Francis Fools' Paradise
; (1833); Baptism in the
bringing to Life a Drowned Man (1832), Tropics (1834); Barber's Apprentice, Sale
Cathedral Eve the Sinner, Medea planning of Slaves, Good Gendarme (1835); Divided
'

Leghorn the Death of her Children, Young Honours, Bathing at Home, Duquesne Res-
Girl at Prayer. Alexander with cuing Captives from Algerians (1837); Sac-
Frescos :
j

Apelles, Temperance, Prudence rifice of Brahmin Woman, Scene in Custom

Justice,
and Strength, Exploits of Cscsar in eleven House (1838); County Militia, Family Con-
scenes (Palazzo Pitti) Galileo's Experi- cert, Consequences of a Masked Ball (1839);
;

ments on Gravitation, Loves of Angelica Marriageable Young Ladies, The Great Sin,
and Medoro, Triumph of Bacchus (Borghese Louis Philippe in a Lapland Hut, Walrus
Palace, Florence) Scene from Boccaccio, Fishing, Reindeer Hunting, Pastor Lwsta-
;

Entombment (Pistoja Cathedral) Ceres dius teaching Laplanders, (1840) Du Couc-

; ;

Searching for Proserpine, Venus's Toilet, dic's Farewell to his Crew (1841), formerly
Venus carrying off Ascanius (Palazzo Bor- in Luxembourg Museum Wreck in Polar ;

ghese, Rome). Larousse, ii. 668 Meyer, Seas, Norwegian Hunters at Spitsbergen,
;

Conv. Lex., iii. 380. Jane Shore condemned to Death by Hun-

BIAGI, BERNARDINO. See Pintu- ger (1842) Magdalen Bay, Apartment to ;

ricchio. Let (1844) ; Shipwrecked Men attacked

BIAGIO, VINCENZO DL See Catena, by Shark, Classical Painter, Dessert at the
Vincenzo. Parsonage (1846) ;
Four Hours in the Sa-

BIANCHI, FRANCESCO, called II Frari, !

lon,Henry IV. and Fleurette (1847) ;
Walk
born Ferrara in 1447, died at Modena, to
at of Re-
'

Rock of Hertman doe, Council

Feb. 1510. Lombard school. Vidiiani vision (1848) Tenor's Triumph (1853) ; ;

says he was the first instructor of Correggio, Water Drinkers, Bombardment of Bomar-
but if so it can have been but for a short sund, Seizure of Furniture (1857); Slave
time, as that painter was only sixteen years Quarters on a Slave Ship, Selling Slaves,
old when Bianchi died. Of his many works Hunting Fugitive Slaves, Travelling in
but few remain, such as a fine Madonna North America, Travelling in South Amer-

154
 BIBBIENA
ica,The Virgin Forest, Savages preparing palaces, and theatres in many Italian cities.
Curare Poison (1861) Festival of the Su- He was the inventor of improvements in
;

preme Being (1864); The Mammoth, Quar- theatrical scenery and machinery. He
relsome Boatwomen (1867) Fishwives painted also some excellent easel pictures,
;

of Seguasson (1868): Death of Dupetit- chiefly architectural and perspective views.

Thouars, Travellers Annoyed by Mosquitoes In these the figures were usually painted
(1869); Capture of an English Vessel, Death by his brother Francesco (1659-1739), who
of Bisson (1870); Beginning of the Hunt was almost as noted and honoured through-
(1873); Tardy Guests, Captain Pleville, A out Europe as Ferdinand. Ferdinand left
Spanish Palace (1874); The Avenger, Alsa- three sous, Alessandro (died about 1760),
tian Exiles (1875); House to Let in Country Antonio (1700-1774), who painted the
(187C); Wrecked Passengers of the Lucie- chapel frescos in monochrome, in S. Giaco-
Marguerite, Railway Compartment for mo Maggiore, and built the great theatre at
Ladies only (1877); Captain Lacrosse's Bologna (1756), and Giuseppe (1696-1756),
Oath, Vigil in Samo'is (1879); Savage Wo- all of whom followed his manner. Lanzi, i.
men Fishing (1881); Caricature Painter in 177 Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolonaise Gualandi,
; ;

Court, Classical Painter before his Model Guida di Bologna, 94.

(1882). Larousse, ii. 673 Meyer, Gesch., BIBBIENA, GIOVANNI MARIA, born
;

690 Chronique des Arts (1882)" 186.

; at Bibbiena in 1625, died in 1665. Bo-
BIBBIENA, BERNARDO DOVIZIO DA, lognese school. Real name Gio. Maria
Cardinal, portrait, liai>had, Madrid Mu- Galli, but commonly called Bibbiena, and
seum wood, H. 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. A middle- same surname used by his descendants.
;

aged person, half-length, nearly full face, Pupil of Francesco Albani painted his- ;

which is beardless red cap, red collar, torical pictures, some of which are in
;

white sleeve resting on a stone balustrade. churches in Bologna e. g., St. Andrew :

Long called Cardinal Granville, and by some adoring the Cross, S. M. dei Servi Ascen- ;

Giulio de' Medici (Clement VH.). Painted sion, Campo Santo. Lauzi, iii. 177 Ch. ;

in Rome about 1513. Cardinal Bibbiena Blanc, cole bolonaise; Gualandi, Guida, 88.
was the intimate friend of Raphael, whose BICCI, LORENZO DI, born at Arezzo
engagement to marry his niece Maria was in 1350 (?), died in 1427. Florentine school ;
ended by her premature death. Raphael's eldest of the three Biccis, being father
frescos of the history of Venus and Cupid of Bicci, and grandfather of Neri. No ex-
in an apartment in the Vatican were exe- isting pictures but in 1386 he was
paid ;

cuted for him. Replica in Palazzo Pitti for paintings in the Duomo, Florence. The
;

carried to Paris in 1799 returned in 1815. ceiling of the choir in S. Francesco, Assisi,
;

Engraved (Pitti) by Bedetti Gruner. Ma- assigned to Lorenzo by Vasari, is more prob-
;

drazo, Cat. descrip. 6 histor., 189, 341 Gal. ably by his son Bicci, with whom he is con-
;

du Pal. Pitti, in. PI. 97 Mdntz, 283 Pas- stantly confounded by that master. The
; ;

savant, ii. 146 ; Springer, 253. frescos in the Cathedral at Prato represent-
BIBBIENA, FERDINANDO, born in ing scenes from the lives of SS. James and
Bologna in 1657, died in 1743. Bolognese Margaret, and others from the life of S. Ce-
school son of Gio. Maria Galli, called Bib- cilia in the Carmine, Florence, are in an
;

biena pupil of Carlo Cignani.

; Devoted earlier style, and possibly by Lorenzo.
himself to architectural and perspective C. & C., Italy, ii. 28 Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ;

painting, and became the most celebrated ii. 225 ed. Mil., ii. 49 Lubke, Gesch. ital.
; ;

decorative painter of his time. Honoured by Mai., L 166.

all the princes of
Europe ; worked in Ger- BICCI, BICCI DI LORENZO DI, born
many and in Spain, and decorated churches, in 1373, died at Arezzo, May 6, 1452 (?).
IBS
 BICCI

Florentine school son of Lorenzo painted

; ;
1 and Vienna Academies, and a knight of the
1420 and 1450, some Belgian Order of Leopold, the Bavarian of
'

many works between

of which are extant, as for example the SS. St. Michael, and the Prussian of the Eed

Cosmo and Damiau, Uffizi, rather sombre Eagle. Works Ugolino and his Sons,
:

in colour, but careful in drawing and ;

Masaniello (1830), Execution of Anne Bo-
some saints under the windows of a chapel leyn, Rubens presented to Charles V., Fla-
in the Duomo, Florence, much repainted. Raphael and the Forna- gellation of Christ,
Bicci is Eucharis and Telemachus, Paix des
the author of a group in terra cotta, riua,

representing the Coronation of the Virgin,

Dames in 1529, Charles I. decorating i

over the door of the hospital of S. Egidio, Rubens, Alva witnessing the Decapitation
Florence, which Vasari wrongly attributes of Egmont and Horn (1852), Raczynski Gal-
to Dello Delli. Milanesi, Archivio Storico lery, Berlin Countess Egmont after her ;

Italiano, 183 ; Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 232 Husband's Seizure, and in the Prison after
;

ed. Mil., ii. 49, 63 ;

C. & C., Italy, ii. 30. his Execution (I860); Council of War of the

BICCI, NERI DI BICCI Dl'LORENZO Duke of Parma (1862); Banquet of the

DI, born in 1419, died in 1491. Florentine Gueux, The Teutonic Order electing the
school ;
son of Bicci di Lorenzo, and Great Elector of Brandenburg their Grand
grandson of Lorenzo. He reduced his art Master. Jordan, 51 Mflller, 51. ;

to the level of a trade, and filled half BIENNOURRY, VICTOR FRANCOIS

Tuscany with altarpieces and pictures. , ELOI, born at Bar-sur-Aube, Jan. 10, 1823.
His masterpiece, San Giovanni Gualber- History painter pupil of Martin Drolling
;

to enthroned between ten seated Saints, and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, where he
in the Regio Lotto of old S. Pancrazio,
j
won the grand prix de Rome in 1842.
Florence, is ill drawn, flat, and inharmo- Medal, 1864. Works : Rich Man and Laza-
nious in colour, but not without character. |
rus (1849); Death of St. Joseph (1855), St.
There are four Annunciations by this
j
Roch's, Paris; Man chasing Fortune, Man
painter in the Florence Academy. Many awaiting Fortune on his Couch (1857);
i

of his scholars were so dissatisfied with

j
Baptism of Christ (1859); The Arts (1863);
the traffic carried on by Neri in his studio, !
Christ on Mount of Olives (1864); Parthen-
that they left him before their apprentice- ope (1865) ; Socrates exercising Patience
;

ship was ended, to find other masters of (1868) ; JEsop composing a Fable (1869).

higher tone. Vasari, ed. Le Mon., ii. 232 ;

In fresco : The Works of Mercy, The Cardi-
ed. Mil., ii. 49, 69, 261 ;
C. & C., Italy, ii. nal Virtues, St. Eustache, Paris ; Scenes in
32. Lives of SS. Paul and Peter, St. Severin's,
BICKER. See Miel. ib.;Institution des Quinze-Vingts (1880),
BIEFVE, EDOUARD DE, born in St.Louis Lyceum, ib. Larousse, ii. 720.
Brussels, Dec. 4, 1809, died there, Feb. ;
BIERMANN, GOTTLIEB, born in Ber-
7, 1882. History painter ; pupil of Brus- lin, Oct. 13, 1824. History and portrait j

sels Academy, then in 1828-30 of Paelinck ; painter pupil of the Berlin Academy and ;

went in 1831 to Paris, where he remained of Wilhelm Wach went in 1849 to Paris, ,
;

ten years, sending his works to the exhibi- where he studied under ^Cogniet, and
tions in Antwerp, Ghent, and Brussels. His thence to Italy. Studio in Berlin since
masterpiece, Compromise of the Nobles at 1853 painted at first historical subjects, 1
;

Brussels in 1566 (Brussels but now paints chiefly portraits, excelling

Museum and ;

National Gallery, Berlin), exhibited in Ghent in children's groups and female figures, ,

in 1841, and which won him the gold Member of and professor in the Berlin
medal, was exhibited throughout Germany. Academy. Works Death of Gustavus :

Member of the Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Adolphus, Episode from Battle of Kunners- |

150
 BIERMANX
dorf genre scenes from Italian Life Vales-
; ; Works: Laramie Peak (1861), Academy of
ka, the Gipsy-Queen (1877); Esther (1880). Fine Arts, Buffalo ; Rocky Mountains
Mailer, K, 50; Illustr. Zeitg. (1882), Lander's Peak (1863), James McHenry ;

L 252 Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 323. North Fork of the Platte

;
(1864), Henry
BIERMANN, KARL EDUARD, born in Hilton, New York Looking down the Yo- ;

Berlin, July 26, 1803. Landscape painter, seniite (1865), W. H. Crosby El Capitau ;

studied from nature in Tyrol, Switzerland, Merced River (1866), L. Tuckerman, New
and Italy, and became one of the founders York; Storm in Rocky Mountains Mt.
of the Berlin school of landscape
painting. Rosalie (1866), T. W. Kennard ; Valley of the
He executed some of the wall paintings Yosemite (1866), James Lenox Collection,
in the new Museum. Is member of and New York; Burning Ship, August Belmout,
professor in the Berlin Academy. Works : New York Settlement of California, Capi-
;

Three Views from Switzerland and Tyrol Washington Emerald Pool, Mt.
tol at ;

(1830-32), National Gallery, Berlin View Whitney (1870), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New
;

in Florence (1834); Milan Cathedral, Tasso's York; In the

Rocky Mountains (1871);
Oak (1830); Evening in the High Alps Isle Great Trees of California (1874) Valley of
; ;

of Phihe, Temple of Edfu, Temple Courtyard Kern's River California

(1875) Hermitage, ;

at Karnak, Ruins of Amphitheatre at

Syra- St. Petersburg; Mt. Whitney Sierra Ne-
cuse, Berlin Museum sixteen views from vada (1#77), Lewis Roberts Estes Park
;
;

Diilmatia in water colours. Brockhaus, iii. Colorado, Earl of Duuraven Mountain Lake, ;

36 Meyer, Conv. Lex., iii. 451; Mttller, 50; Mt Corcoran Sierra Nevada
;
(1878), Corco-
Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 332. ran Gallery, Washington Geysers (1883) ; ;

BIERSTADT, ALBERT, born in Dttssel- Storm on the Matterhorn, View on Kern

dorf, Germany, Jan. River (J.884); Discovery of Hudson River,
7, 1830.Landscape Capitol at Washington. He is now (1885)
painter brought by; engaged on a series of paintings represent-
his parents in 1831 ing the wild animals of America.
to New Bedford, BIGG, WILLIAM RADMORE, born in
Mass., where his Jan., 1755, died in London, Feb. 6, 1828.
youth was spent be- ; Genre painter student of Royal Academy
;

gan to paint in oils in 1778; elected an A.R.A. in 1787, and

in 1851, went to Diis- R.A. in 1814. His Shipwrecked Sailor
seldorf in 1853, stud-
Boys relieving a Blind Man, Black
Boy,
ied four years there
Monday, and others, are engraved, and
and in Rome. On his return to the United were popular. Sandby, i. 349.
States in 1857 he made a sketching tour in BIGIO, FRANCIA,
the Rocky Mountains, and from this and born in Florence, in
other visits to the West gathered materials 1482, died there, Jan.
for hismost important pictures. Again vis- 14, 1525. Florentine
ited Europe in 1867, 1878, and 1883. Elect- school real name Fran- ;

ed N.A. in 1860 medals in Austria, Ger- cesco di Cristofano, but

;

many, Bavaria, and Belgium L. of Honour, commonly called Fran-

;

1867 Order of St. Stanislaus, 1869, second cia Bigio, which Baldi-
;
j

class, 1872. The Emperor of Germany re- nucci erroneously makes

cently sent his photograph with autograph into Marcantonio Fran-
to Mr. Bierstadt. Studio in New York. His ciabigi. Vasari gener-
studio at Irvington, N. Y., was destroyed
by ally calls him H Francia. Pupil of Mariotto
fire in 1882 with
many valuable pictures. Albertinelli, whose style he followed, though
'

157
 BIGORDI
later he modified it of Andrea del pictures after that master's death. "With the
by study
Sarto, who became his intimate friend, imi- qualities of Cigoli he endeavoured to unite
tator, and associate. Among his earlier the expression of Titi and the ornamentation
works are the Annunciation (like Alberti- of Paolo Veronese ;
formed several distin-

nelli), Turin Museum,

and a Madonna with guished pupils. Works : Elevation of the
Job and John the Baptist, Uffizi, Florence. Cross (masterpiece), Santa Croce, Florence ;

In 1513 he painted the Marriage of the Holy Family, Chastity of Joseph, Judith,
others in
Virgin in the Court of the Servi, Florence. Uffizi, ib.; S. Gaetano, S. Marco,
The monks having removed the screens and other churches, ib.; Christ and the
which concealed it before it was quite fin- Woman of Samaria, Vienna Museum. Biog.
ished, Bigio was so angry that he struck out nat. de Belgique, ii. 420 Baldinucci, No- ;

the head of the Virgin and some other heads tizie, xiv. 34
Lauzi (Roscoe), i. 213.
;

BILLET, PIERRE, bom at Cantin (Nord),

j

with a hammer. The fresco, which has

never been repaired, is his masterpiece in France contemporary.
;
Genre painter ;

this kind of painting. pupil of Jules Breton.

His portraits are his Medals 3d class, :

best works, some of them so fine that they 1873; 2d class, 1874. Works: Young Peas-
have passed under the names of Raphael ant Woman (1867); Consequences of a Game
and of Francia. Good examples are in the of Cards, Waiting (1868) Mayor's Party, ;

Louvre, Pitti (his own portrait), and Berlin Fisher at Ambleteuse (1869), Bordeaux Mu-
Museum. Pictures of his later seum ;
Fishers in Environs of Boulogne
period are : Bathsheba in the (1870), Lille Museum; Waiting, High Tide-
Bath (1523), Dresden Gallery; Coast of Normandy (1872), Luxembourg Mu-
and the Temple of Hercules, seum Return from Market, Women cutting
;

Uffizi, Florence. C. & C., Italy, iii. 500 Grass (1873) Tobacco Smugglers, Women
; ;

Vasari, ed. Le Mon., 96; Ch. Blanc, Ecole gathering Wood (1874); In Winter, Souvenir
ix.

florentine ; Baldinucci, ii. 129 ; Burckhardt, of Ambleteuse (1875) ; Fountain at Yport,

G37 ; Liibke, Gesch. ital. ii. 174.
Mai., Young Kitchen Gardener (1876) Shrimp ;

BIGORDI, DOMENICO. See Ghirlan- Fishers (1883); Marsh of Arleux (1884); Re-
dajo. turn from Seashore (1885). In the Uni-
BHJ3ERS, JOHANNES WARNARDUS, ^^ ted States:
born at Utrecht, Aug. 8, 1811. Landscape Brittany
painter, self-taught his conception and
;
Peasant
tone are suggestive of Corot. Went to Wies- Girl, Au-
baden in 1859, invited by the King of Hol- gust Bel-
land, to paint the panorama of the ruins of mont, New
Kloster Klarenthal, now in the Hague Mu- York ;
On the Seashore, C. Parsons, St.
seum. Other works in Amsterdam and Louis ; Noonday Rest, E. Davis, New York.
Haarlem Museums, and Carlsruhe Gallery. Menard Portfolio (1875), 19.
;

Meyer, Conv. Lex., xvii. 143. BILLING, LARS TEODOR, born at As-
BILEVELT, JOHAN, born at Maestricht, bo, Sweden, Oct. 6, 1817. Landscape painter;
in 1576, died at Florence, April 25, 1644. pupil of Stockholm Academy, but studied
Florentine school history painter, pupil of chiefly from nature.
;
Travelled in Sweden,
Cigoli in Florence, whither he went with his and in 1856-59 in Denmark, Germany,
father, a picture-dealer, very early in life, Switzerland, Belgium, and France. Works :

and where his name was transformed into Swiss Landscape, Convent on the Rhine,
Bilivelti, Biliverti, or Bilivetti. Accompanied View in Norrland, Stockholm Museum De- ;

Cigoli to Rome to assist in the decoration of serted Mill Summer Evening on Malar ;

St. Peter's, and completed several of the Lake. Miiller, 25.

158
 BIN
BIN, (JEAN BAPTISTE PHILIPPE) to Vienna in 1847; became member of the
EMTLE, born in Paris, Feb. 10, 1825. His- Academy in 1848, and professor in 1851.
tory painter ; pupil of Gosse, L. Cogniet, Works: Elopement of Psyche (1832); Angels'
and Ecole des Beaux Arts, where be won the Watch (1836); Three Magi (1846); Emperor
2d prix de Rome in 1850. His principal Albrecht II, Kaisersaal, Frankfort; Madon-
work has been the decoration of public and na Conversion of Julian Door-Keeper of
; ;

private buildings. Medals in 1865, 18G9 ;

Heaven St. Florian St. Catherine of Siena
; ;

L. of Honour, 1878. Works " Peace, do :

visiting poor Family; St. Eustachius Hunt-
not Grieve" (1861); Orpheus put to Death ing, Romulus and Remus, Vienna Museum.
by Bacchantes (1863) Atalanta and Hippo-
; Meyer, Con. Lex., iii. 488 Wiirzbach, i. ;

menes (1864) Perseus and Andromeda

;
400.
(1865), Tours Museum Hercules killing ; BINET, ADOLPHE GUSTAVE, bora at
his Wife and Children while Insane (1866), La RivitTe-Saint-Sauveur (Calvados); con-
Nantes Museum Prometheus Chained (1869),
;
temporary. Genre and portrait painter pu- ;

Marseilles Museum Venus Astatic (1874);

; Gcrome. Medal, 3d class, 1885. Works:
pil of
Hail Gesar (1875). He decorated the Poly- The Omnibus (1881); Avenue des Champs-
teehnicon in Zurich (18G5-70), many of the Elysees, The Villagers (1882); Idleness, Cor-
ceilings of the Hotel du Louvre and of the ner of the Meadow (1883) Cab-Stand at Quai ;

Grand Hotel, Paris. Vapereau, (1880), 219. de lHotel de

Sand-Loaders at Quai Ville,
BINCK, JACOB, bom in Cologne between d'Austerlitz {1884); Timber Wagon at Mont-
1490 and 1504, died in Kiinigsberg, 1568 or I'ouge, Les Anes de Robinson (1885).
1569. German school; portrait painter; sup- BINET, VICTOR JEAN BAPTISTE
posed to have been at Nuremberg and taught BARTHELEMY, born at Rouen contem- ;

by Durer before he visited Italy at an early porary. Landscape painter. Medal, 3d

age. Included among the Little Masters, class, 1882. Works Seine at St. Aubin :

though portrait painting was his chief occu- (1880) Cote-Pelee (1881) Passing Wave,
; ;

pation, and engraving but an episode in his Old Road of Arcueil (1882) Corner of ;

career. Appointed court painter to Christian Orchard at St. Aubin-sur-Quillebeuf (1883) ;

HI. king of Denmark in 1531, he several On the Heights of Heurteauville, Morning at

times absented himself from Copenhagen in St. Aubin (1884); Old Road near Bicetre,
the service of Albert of Brandenburg, which September Morning (1885).
he finally entered in July, 1551, and thence- BING, VALENTIN, born at Amsterdam,
forward resided at Konigsberg. He em- April 22, 1812. History and genre painter;
ployed himself in planning fortresses and pupil of Kruseman since 1838 his pictures ;

redoubts, designing monuments, and in have met with great success at exhibitions
painting the portraits of his friends. Works in Holland. Works Mark the Evangelist ;
: :

Portraits of Christian HI. and Queen Doro- Isaac and Rebecca ; John the Evangelist ;

thea, Copenhagen Fine Arts Woman from Isle of Schockland. Mflller,

Museum.
Quarterly (1864), 372 Scott, 115 Kugler 52.
; ;

(Crowe), i. 184 W. & W., ii. 491; Allg. d.

; BIRCH, THOMAS, born in London,
Biog., ii. 642 Merlo, 35.
;
England, in 1779, died in Philadelphia in
BINDER, JOSEF, born in Vienna, Feb. 1851. Portrait and marine painter came ;

15, 1805, died there, April 16, 1863. His- to America in 1793. Painted portraits in
tory painter studied
;
in Vienna and in Philadelphia until 1807, when a visit to the
1827-34 in Munich. Painted at first por- Capes of Delaware turned his attention to
traits, then historical subjects, in which he marine painting. He was also successful in
excelled. In 1836 he became professor at the snow-scenes. Works Engagement between :

Stiidel Institute in Frankfort, but returned United States and Macedonian Engage- ;

169
 BlllD

ment between Constitution and Guerriore Flemish Interior, Rotterdam Museum. ;

Engagement between Wasp and Frolic, Har- Biogr. nat. cle Belgique, ii. 440 Fetis, Cat. ;

rison Collection, Philadelphia three Marine du Musce Royal, 253.

;

Views, Claghorn Collection, Philadelphia. BISI, LUIGI, Cavaliere, born in Milan,

BIRD, EDWARD, born at Wolverhamp- May 10, 1814. Architecture and landscape
ton, England, April 12, 1772, died at Bristol, painter pupil of Fr. Durelli at Milan ;

Nov. 2, 1819. History and genre painter Academy, of which he became professor of
;

and perspective, and later, president. Paints

after learning to paint landscapes, fruits,
flowers on Japan ware became a drawing chiefly interiors.
T
orks Interior of Milan W :

master, and in 1807 exhibited some pictures Cathedral (1840), Vienna Museum Orsan- ;

at Bath which brought him into notice. His michele in Florence, National Gallery, Ber-
first works were genre subjects, such as The lin S. Marco, Milan Cathedral, in Milan ;

Blacksmith's Shop, The Young Recruit, and Academy View of Bellagio Choir in St. ; ;

The Country Auction, but he soon began to Ambrosius, Milan Interior of S. Michele, ;

paint religious and historical subjects with ib. Church of St. Francis of Assisi, Amster- ;

such success that he was appointed painter dam Exposition, 1883. Wurzbach, 411. i.

to the Princess Charlotte, and became in BISPHAM, HENRY COLLINS, born in

1812 an A.R.A., and in 1815 R.A. Still, Philadelphia, June 9, 1841, died in Rome,
his earlier works are the best, his more am- Dec. 22, 1882. Animal painter pupil in Phil- ;

bitious conceptions being beyond his ability adelphia of Edmund D. Lewis and William
to complete. Works Raffle for the Watch, T. Richards, and studied in Paris under Otto
:

National Gallery ; Day after Chevy Chase, Weber and E. van Marcke. Professional
Death of Eli, Stafford passed in Philadelphia, New York, Paris,
House, London ;
life

Queen Philippa supplicating for the Lives of and Rome served in army in 1862, in the ;

the Burghers of Calais (1814); Crucifixion Cumberland Valley, in Pennsylvania, and in

(1817); Death of Sapphira (1818). Nat. Maryland. Was successful in the delineation
Gal. Cat.; Cunningham Art Union, 1843, of wild animals and cattle.
;
T
orks Cav- W :

92 ; F. de Conches, 329 Ch. Blanc, Ecole alry Raid (1863); Dead in the Desert,
;

anglaise ; Redgrave ; Sandby, i. 352. Roman Bull (1867) ; Roman Wine-Cart

BISET, KAREL EMANUEL, born at (1868); On
Campagna, To the Front,
the
Mechlin, baptized Dec. 26, 1033, died at Noonday Rest (1869); Hunting Dogs, Four-
Breda in 1680. Flemish school genre and in-Hand, Polo (1870); ; Hunted Down (1871);
portrait painter went early to Paris, where
;
Misty Day (1873); The Stampede (1872);
Ross Castle (1874); Study of Figures (1875);
his pictures, representing festal assemblies,
balls, etc., were much in vogue The Lion "Sultan" (1879); Pennsylvania
returned ;

to Flanders and entered the service of Academy Valee du Var (1880) Roman ; ;

Comte de Monterey, Governor of the Oxen Ploughing (1881) Friendly Over- ;

Netherlands settled soon after at Ant- tures, Roman Horses (1882).

;

werp, where he was received into the guild BISSCHOP, CHRISTOPH, born at Leeu-
in 1661 became a citizen in 1663, and dean warden
;
contemporary. Genre painter ; ;

pupil in Paris of Comte and Gleyre. Lives

at The Hague. Works Rembrandt going :

to Lecture on Anatomy (1867); Burgomas-

ter's Daughter, Cradle-Painter (1872); Cu-
riosity-Shop ;
The Victim ; Christening Day
of the guild, and director of the Winter in
Academy in in Frieslaud Wedding ; Day ;

1675. Works : Tell shooting at the Apple Friesland The Prisoner's ; Song The Lord ;

on his Sou's Head, Brussels Museum ;

has given, the Lord has taken away (1880) ;

160
 I3ISSOLO

The
'

Critical Moment, Crown-Jewels, Visit to Valentine, Introduction of Decameron Gi-

Grandmamma (1883). Mailer, 52. otto and Cimabue, Faust and Marguerite,
BISSOLO, PIETBO FRANCESCO, born Dogaressa going to Church, Bridal Proces-
in Treviso. Venetian school painted from sion in S. Marco, Venetian Masquerade,
;

about 1490 to 1530 pupil of the Bellini The Page, Scene from Decameron, Venetian
; ;

fellow-labourer of Catena and Marco Marzi- Balcony Scene, Serious Story, Excursion to
ale in the Sola del Gran Consiglio in 1492. Murano, Vienna Museum. Kunst-Chronik,
He ranked among the better followers of xiii. 376 Mttller, 53 niustr. Zeitg. (1871), ; ;

Giovanni Bellini, and probably helped him ii. 238 (1883), i. 525 ii. 403. ; ;

in many of his pictures. His earliest known BLAAS, JULIUS, bora at Albano in 1843.
work, the Annunciation, Manfrini Gallery, Animal painter, especially of horses son ;

Venice, shows careful and conscientious and pupil of Karl B., went to Rome, where
work, but a lack of strength. The Resur- he painted genre scenes from the Cam-
rection in the Berlin Museum is one of his pagna ; afterwards made a trip around the
most agreeable works, and his best exam- world. Works: Race of Intoxicated Sla-
ple out of Italy. One of his largest altar- vouic Peasants (1860), Vienna Museum ;

pieces is Coronation of St. Catherine of Fox and Stag Hunts, Horse-herds, etc. !

Siena, Venice Academy. Thought by C. & BLAAS, KARL VON, born at Nauders,
Tyrol, May 28, 1815. History painter;
pupil of Venice Academy under Lipparini,
C. to be identical with Pietro de' Ingannati, then in Florence and Rome, where, influ-
author of a Madonna in Berlin Museum. enced by Overbeck and Koch, he devoted
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 286 ; Burckhardt, 602 ; himself to ecclesiastical art, and genre scenes
Lermolieff, 179, 412; Lttbke, GescL itaL of a ritual character. In 1850 he was ap-
Mai., i. 554. pointed professor at the Vienna Academy,
BITTERLICH, EDUARD, bora at Stup- painted several frescos in the Alt-Lerchen-
nicka, Galicia, in 1840, died at Pressbaum, feld church, and accepted in 1855 the nomi- :

near Vienna, May 20, 1872. History paint- nation as professor at the Venice Academy.
er pupil in Vienna of Waldmuller
; be- Some years later he began to execute for
;

came afterwards the most prominent assist- the Vienna Arsenal forty-two fresco paint-
ant of Rahl, after whose death he executed, ings, from Austrian history, which
occupied i

with Griepenkerl, that master's composi- him eleven yeara Recently he has, besides
tions for the new Opera House. Works portraits, painted genre and mythological
:

Pompeian Scenes, Palazzo Ypsilanti Twen- scenes. Works Tullia driving over her
;
|
:

ty Lunettes, Dining Room, Grand Hotel Father's Body (1832); Miracle of Roses,
;

The Arts, Tietz Mansion Paintings in Pal- Return of Jacob from Labau
; Vienna (1841),
ace Epstein, all in Vienna. Kunst-Chronik, Museum ; Madonna
in Glory, St. Catherine
vii. 37. borne by Angels, Christ at Emmaus, Christ
BIZZERA. See Becerra. on Mount of Olives, Mass for Reapers in the
BLAAS, EUGEN, born at Albano, near Campagna, thirty-three frescos for church at
Rome, July 24, 1843. History painter son Foth, near Pesth, Charlemagne visiting
;

and pupil of Karl Blaas studied at Ven- Boys' School, Vienna Museum Portrait of
; ;

ice Academy, and at the Vienna

Academy, Cardinal Primate of Hungary (1854); Rape
whence he went to Rome and Paris as Aus- of Venetian Brides in 6th century (1858),
trian pensionary. Visited afterwards Bel- Innsbruck Museum ; forty-two scenes in
gium and England, and settled in Venice, fresco, Vienna Arsenal Rape of a Nymph, ;

whence he draws most of his subjects. Danae, Nymph and Satyr Sunday Morning !
;

Works Conversion of the Raetians by St. at Albano (1879) Adam and Eve, C. C. Per-
:
;

161
 BLAGUE
kins, Boston. Portraits of Francis Joseph I. two half-length portraits (Dr. Dearing,
and of Queen of Spain. Miiller, 53 ; Ulustr. Utica, N. Y.)
Ewing (Mrs. ;
Mr. and Mrs. J.

Zeitg. (1880), ii. 258. S. Ewing, Boston) James and Mary Flag ;

BLACHE, CHRISTIAN VIGILIUS, born (Rev. Geo. E. Ellis) Ellis Gray (W. F. ;

at Aarhus, Denmark, Feb. 1, 1838. Marine Gary, Boston) ; Mr. and Mrs. \V. and Mrs.
J. Greenleaf (R. C. Greenleaf, Boston) ; Mr.
painter and illustrator pupil of Copen-;

hagen Academy; visited Holland, France, and Mrs. B. Hall (Dr. Hall Curtis, Boston) ;

Italy, and Germany in 1872-73, Paris in Rev. and Mrs. Hancock (Public Library,
J.

1878. Works: Seaport (18G3); View at Lexington) Mr. and Mrs. D. Henchman
;

Begtrupvigen (1864), Copenhagen Gallery ; (D. Henchman, Boston) Mi and Mrs. R. :

1
,

Danish Men-of-War (1865); High Tide near Inman (W. Arnory, Boston) Judge Lowell ;

Kronborg (1869); On the Coast of Scheven- (A. Lowell, Boston); Win. and Mrs. Oliver, A
ingen Life-Boat
;
Steamboat in Heavy;
Sea Jr. (
Dr. F. E. Oliver) James Otis (1755), ;

(1879); Soren Kannel (1877); Squadron Mr. G. Phillips (Mrs. W. E. Fette) Mrs. ;

(1880); Schooner passing Skagen (1881); Phillips (Mrs. M. A. Jones, Boston) Mr. ;

Calm Sea with Lighthouse on Scotch Coast and Mrs. B. Pollard (Miss M. V. Winslow,
(1882). Sigurd Mtiller, 26 Weilbach, 71. ib.); Saltonstall family (R. W. Hubbard,
;

BLACK BEUNSWICKEES, John Ever- Brooklyn, N. Y.) Margaret Temple (Hon. ;

ett Millais, private gallery, England. The R. C. Winthrop, Boston) ; P. Tracy (P. T.
parting between a young officer of the Jackson, Boston) ; Edward Winslow, Gen. J.
Brunswick Hussars and his wife or fiancee, Winslow (Mass. Hist. Soc.) Joshua Wins- ;

perhaps in 1815, when the Brunswick troops low (Miss M. V. Winslow) Winslow family ;

marched to join the British army. The picture (1757, S. W. Winslow, Boston) ;
black uniform, faced with light blue, was a Mr. E. S. Winslow (Arthur Pickering, Rox-
mourning habit which the corps bound bury). A
T. Perkins, Sketches of Black-
themselves to wear until they had avenged bum and Smibert, Proceedings Mass. Hist.
the death of their late Duke. On the wall Soc. (1878), viii. 385.
is hung the engraving of Napoleon crossing BLACKSTADIUS, JOHAN, born at Fal-
the Alps. Companion to the Huguenot kenberg, Sweden, March 14, 1816. His-
Lover. Royal Academy, 1860. Art Journal tory painter pupil of Stockholm Academy ; ;

(1860), 162. painted portraits and altarpieces in Finland,

BLACKBURN, JONATHAN B., born in in 1845-50, visited Paris and Italy, and re-
Connecticut about 1700, died after 1760. turned to Sweden in 1854 via Switzerland
Portrait painter worked from 1750 to 1765 and Germany. Fellow of Stockholm Acad-
;

in Boston, which he left, it is conjectured, emy. His principal work is St. Siegfried
because he felt himself outdone by Copley, baptising in Gothland. Miiller, 54.
who is said to havebeen his pupil. Por- BLAKE, WIL-
traits :
Joseph and Mrs. Allan (Miss An- LIAM, born in Lon-
drews, Boston) Mr. Amory (Ed. Sohier,
; don, Nov. 28, 1757,
Longwood) ;Ch. and Miss Apthorp (Mrs. T. died there. Aug. 12,
Swett, Boston) Col. and Mrs. Th. Atkinson
; 1827. Designer in
(Mrs. M. W. Tredick, Nokesville, Va.) Th. ;
water-colours ;
stu-
Atkinson, Jr. (F. A. Freeman, Hanover, N. dent in drawing at
H.); Mrs. R. Ball (W. H. Edes, Charlestown); Pars' school ;
when
Mrs. Barrell (Miss Barrell, York, Me.) ;
Mrs. fourteen years old
Th. Bulfinch (Mrs. T. Swett, Boston) ;
Mrs. apprenticed for sev-
Cabot (Geo. G. Lowell) ; Members of Cun- en years to James
ningham family (Mr. A. S. Parker, Boston) ; Basire, engraver ;
afterward studied in An-

163
 BLAKELOCK
tique School of Royal Academy. Began by painter
I
; pupil of Bin and Cabanel. Won
making designs for book illustrations, of the pris de Rome in 18G7. Medals : 1870 ;

which he published a great number, many 1st class, 1872 2d class, 1878 L. of Hon-
; ;

of them in colours. He exhibited a few our, 1878. Works Thetis taking to Achil- :

works at the Royal Academy, among them les the Arms forged by Vulcan, Murder
Death of Earl Godwin (1780); Breach in a of Laius by (Edipus (1867); The First Sin
City the Morning after Battle, War un- (1869); Perseus (1870), Luxembourg; Re-
chained by an Angel (1784); History of Jo- moval of the Palladium (1872); The Inva-
seph (1785); Last Sapper (1799); Jacob's sion (1873); The Rescue, Clovis's Vow in
Dream, Christ in Sepulchre guarded by the Battle of Tolbia and his Baptism (1876),
Angels (1808). In the National Gallery is sketch of paintings for the Pantheon Brig- ;

his Spiritual Form of Pitt guiding Behe- and's Wife (1878), M. Pasteur Judith and ;

moth. He also published many works en- Holofernes, My Lieutenant (1879); Clovis's
graved by himself, and poems illustrated by Triumph (1881); The Tiber (1885).
himself. Life (London, 1863);
Gilchrist, BLANCHARD, THEO- EDOUARD
Swinburne, Life (London, 1868); Cat. Nat. PHILE, born in Paris, April 18, 1844, died
Gal. ; C. Carr, Essays, 35 Rossetti, Memoir there, Oct. 24, 1879. Genre, history, and por-
;

in his edition of Blake's Poems Portfolio trait painter pupil of Picot and of Cabanel ;
;

(1876), 67. was third in 1866 for the grand prix de

BLAKELOCK, RALPH ALBERT, bom Rome, second in 1867, and won it in 1868.
in New York, in 1847. Self-taught. Stu- Medals 2d class, 1872 1st class, 1874.:
;

dio in New York. Works: Indian Girl Works: Panel for a Dining-Room (1867);
TJinta Tribe, T. B. Clarke, New York Story Death of Astyanax (1868), painted with
of Buffalo Hunt, Shooting the Arrow (1880); Regnault and Clairin The Courtesan ;

Cloverdale California, Moonlight, Indian (1872); Hylas entrapped by the Nymphs

Fisherman (1882); "Cool wooded shades, (1874); Cortegiana (1875); LeLutriu (1876);
abode of stately deer," Bannock Wigwam Fraucesca da Rimini (1880). Kunst-
in Peaceful Vale (1883). Chronik, xv. 107.
BLANC, LOUIS AMMY, born in Berlin, BLANCHARD, (HENRI PETROS LE-
Aug. 9, 1810, died in Dusseldorf, April 7, ON) PHARAMOND, bom at La Guillotiere
1885. Genre and portrait painter ; pupil, (Rhone), Feb. 27, 1805, died in Paris, Dec.
from 1829, of the Berlin Academy, and 19, 1873. History and landscape painter pu- ;

from 1833, under Hdbner, of the Dussel- and Gros travelled

pil in Paris of Chasselat ;

dorf Academy painted at first subjects in Spain (1833), Africa, Mexico (1838), Ger-
;

from mediueval romance, then portraits in many, France, and Russia (1856), and exhib-
Hanover in 1840-42, and in Darmstadt in ited at the Salon almost every year after
1846-47 visited England and France in 1833. Medal, 3d class, 1836 L. of Honour,
; ;

1857. Works: Praying Woman, The 1840. Works Disarmament of Vera Cruz :

Church-Goer (1835) Goldsmith's Daughter (1840), Versailles Museum Balboa discover-

; ;
j

(1836) Marguerite in Church (1838); Girls ing South Sea (1855), bought by State Val-
; ;

fishing(1838), National Gallery, Berlin ley of Jehoshaphat March of Division of

; ;

Susanna at the Bath, Otto the Shot, Mar- French Army on Mexico (1865), bought by
guerite at Martha's, Italian Shepherd-Boy, Ministry of Fine Arts.- -Ottley Vapereau ;

Girl fallen Asleep, Expectation, Red Riding- (1865), 202.

Hood. Meyer, Conv. Lex., iii. 539 ; Muller, BLANCHARD, JACQUES, born in Paris,
54. Oct. 1, 1600, died there in 1638. Pupil of
BLANC, PAUL JOSEPH, born at Mont- his uncle J6r6me Bolley went to Lyons in ;

martre (Paris), Jan. 25, 1846. Genre 1620, and spent four years in studying with
IK!
 BLANCHE!
and assisting Horace Le BLanc then spent
; BLASHFIELD, EDWIN HOWLAND,
two years at Koine, and some time at Venice, born in New York, Dec. 25, 1848. Subject
where bystudy painter pupil of Bonnat in Paris. Visited ;

of the old mas- Europe in 1867, remaining abroad eleven

tershesomuch years. Member of Society of American Ar-
improved as a tists. Elected an A.N.A. in 1882. Studio
colourist that in New York. Works Emperor Commodus :

on his return leaving the Amphitheatre at the head of

home he was the Gladiators (1878); Roman Woman (1879);
called the The Besieged (1880); Souvenir of Mentone;
French Titian. Toreador (1881) Music, Suspense, Autumn
;

He painted !

(1882) Allegretto, Andante, Minute Men

;

now destroyed (1883) Decorative Panels, Morning, etc.

;

works in the Hotel Perault and Hotel Bul- (1884), H. McK Twombly, New York.
lion, Paris, and in Turin the loves of Venus BLAU, TINA, born in Vienna, Nov. 15,
and Adonis for the Duke of Savoy. Works 1847. Landscape painter pupil in Vienna
:
;

Holy Family, The Virgin and St. Anne, of August Schiiffer, and in Munich of Linden-
Charity, St. Paul, Louvre. Ch. Blanc, Ecole schmit. Has travelled in Bohemia, Hun-
frai^aise. gary, Holland, and repeatedly visited Italy.
BLANCHET, THOMAS, born in Paris, in Works Regulation of the Danube near Vi- :

1617, died in Lyons, in 1689. French school; enna Autumn in the Prater Canal near
; ;

studied in Italy under Albani, Andrea Sacclii, Amsterdam Autumn Day in Holland Arch ; ;

and Poussin. After his return painted a St. of Titus in Rome Street in Venice View ; ;

Paul for Notre Dame (1663), and then settled near Szolnok Bavarian Landscape Outside ; ;

in Lyons, where he decorated the Hotel de the City; Rain and Sunshine; Field-Flowers,
'

Ville, and founded an Academy (1681), from April-Day, Spring in the Prater (1883).
which proceeded many able artists. Nearly Mtiller, 55. i

all his works were destroyed in 1793. Ch. BLAUVELT, CHARLES F., born in New
Blanc, Ecole fran^aise ;
Gaz. des B. Arts York, in 1824. Genre painter pupil of the ;

(1874), x. 278. National Academy, and of Charles L. Elliot.

BLANCKARTS, MORITZ, born in Dus- Professional life passed in New York and
seldorf, April 16, 1839, died in Stuttgart, Philadelphia. Elected N.A. in 1859, mem-
April 12, 1883. Battle painter pupil of ber of Pennsylvania Academy in 1864, made
;

Pliischke and of Vautier, then at Dttsseldorf assistant professor of drawing at the United

Academy under Christian Kuhler, in 1857 of States Naval Academy, Annapolis, in 1878.
Leutze, and in 1858-59 of Hiinten and Works Warming Up Lost Child Night
;
:
; ;

completed his studies by travels through Signal Waiting for the Train Inquiring ; ;

Germany and Belgium. Works Death of the Way Preparing for School Snowed In
:
; ; ;

Korner (1859); Death of Major Schill (1860); Burned Out Entrance to Old Fort Severn ;

York at Mockern (1863) King William at

; Annapolis (1880).
Koniggriitz (1867); Death of Col. Auerswald BLECHEN, KARL EDUARD, born at
(1872); Bazaine at Mars la Tour(1873); Death Kottbus, July 29, 1798, died in Berlin, July
of Col. Count Finkenstein (1874) Prince 23, 1840. Landscape painter
;
studied at ;

Leopold of Coburg at Kulm (1875) Depar- the Berlin Academy. In 1827 went to Italy
;

ture Hussars at the Inn Crown Prince of and thenceforth painted chiefly Italian land-
; ;

Prussia greeting the Bavarians after the Vic- scapes. From 1830 he taught at the Berlin
tory of Worth. Ulustr. Zeitg. (1876), ii. Academy, of which he was made member
117; Miiller, 55 Kunst-Chronik, xviii. 466. and professor in 1835. Works Camp near
;
:

1G4
 BLEIBTItEU

Miiggel Lake, Villa Estc, View near Narni, Gallery. Kramm, vii. 14; Riegel, Beitrage,
Bathing Nymphs, Villa Borghese, Swiss Win- ii. 282 WiUigen, 82. ;

ter Landscape, View of Naples, Bay of Spez- BLEKER, GERRIT CLAESZ, nourished
zia View at Tivoli, National Gallery, Berlin. at Haarlem, died there, buried Feb.
;
8,
Allgem. d. Biogr., ii. 700; Kosenberg, Berl. 1656. Dutch school ; history and landscape
Malersch., 329. painter; formed probably under the influence
BLEIBTREU, GEOKG, born at Xanten, of Cornells van Haarlem and of Lastmann,
March 27, 1828. Battle painter
pupil of later under that of Rembrandt.
; Works :

Dilsseldorf Academy and again, Conversion of Saul, Rotterdam Museum

in 1843-48, ;

shortly after, under Theodore Hildebraudt Paul and Barnabas at Lystra (1634), Bruns-
;

first won success with scenes from the wick Gallery Tobias and the Angel, Pesth ;

Danish war. Later painted battles from the Museum. Bode, Studien, 348 Riegel, Bei- ;

wars of Frederick the Great and the German trage, ii. 223 Willigen, 81. ;

war of deliverance. In 1858 he moved to BLES, DAVID, born at The Hague,

Berlin, accompanied in 1866 the Prussian Sept. 19, 1821. Genre painter pupil of ;

army in the suite of Prince Frederick Kruseman studied in 1841-43 in Paris, ;

Charles, and in 1870 in that of the Crown and visited afterwards Belgium and Eng-
Prince. Member of Berlin Academy in land. Paints chiefly humourous subjects.
18G9. Works Battle
: of Holding, Destruc- Order of Iron Crown (1850), Leopold (1855),
tion of the Kiel Turner-Corps at Flensburg L. of Honour Works Young
(1870). :

(1852); Battles of Grossbeeren, on the Katz- Household, Imagined Sickness of the Pas-
bach (1857); Battle of Aspern, Storming the tor (1848); Three Mothers, Flower Girl
Grimma Gate in Leipsic, Duke Ferdinand of (1855); Diana in Painting, Diana in Life,
Brunswick in Battle of Crefeld (1858); Epi- Amateur Concert (1860) German Dining
;

sode from Battle of Waterloo (1858) Skir- ; Room in1795 (1862); Forbidden Novel
mishes on KOnigshiigel at Oeversee Cross- ;
(1863); Children's Duet, Precocious Lover,
ing to Alsen, Battle of Koniggrittz, National Siesta, Clandestine Correspondence (1864);
Gallery, Berlin The Bavarians before Paris,
;
Empty Place at Hearth (1868); Friends of the
Surrender of Napoleon after Sedan, Meeting Family (1877); Dutch Booth in 1765 (1879).
of Moltke and Wimpffen, King William Larousse Mailer, 57.
;

near a Battery before Paris, King

T
illiam W BLES, HERRI DE (Hendrik met de
after Battle of Gravelotte, Napoleon's Flight Blesse, Henricus Blesius), called also Ci-
after Battle of Waterloo (1878) Attack vetta, born at Bouvignes, near Namur,
;

of Saxon Corps at St. Privat (1880); Storm- about 1480, died probably at Lii)ge, about
ing of Froschweiler by the Wilrtemberg 1550 (? after 1521). Flemish school land- ;

Troops (1880) The Summons in 1813 scape and history painter, in the manner of
;

(1881), Arsenal, Berlin. Brockhaus, iii. Joachim Pateuier, representing one of the
15G; Mttller, 56; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., last branches of the Van Eyck school, and in
157. other respects the transition to the Italian-
BLEKER, DIRCK, born at
Haarlem, ized Flemish style of the following period.
nourished about 1650. Dutch school his- Lived also in Italy, painted at Venice and
;

tory and portrait painter, strongly suggest- Brescia, and was of Mechlin in 1521 (?).
ing the school of Rembrandt became a citi- His pictures (marked by the owl, whence
;

zen of Amsterdam in 1652,and, to judge from the nickname Civetta), show an earlier and
the prices paid for his pictures, was
among a later period the former characterized by ;

the most esteemed artists of his time. great carefulness, the latter by exaggeration
Works: Mary Magdalen (1652); Venus; of naturalistic tendency. The colouring is
Danae Male portrait (1657), Brunswick usually grey, in his late examples cold and
;

ItiS
 BLESSING

unpleasant in tone. Works Christ on BLIND FIDDLER, Sir David Wilkie,

:

the Cross, The Magdalen, St. Christopher National Gallery, London wood, H. 1 ft. ;

carrying Infant Christ (attributed to Pate- 11 in. x 2 ft. 7 in. An itinerant musician, J

nier), National Gallery, London Tempta- seated at left, entertaining a cottager and
;

tion of Anthony, Brussels Museum his family by playing on his fiddle. Twelve
St. ;

Kepose in Egypt, Antwerp Museum Holy figures accessories very elaborate. Painted ; ;

Family, Basle Museum St. Hubert Hunt- in 1807 for Sir George Beaumont, who pre-
;

ing,Maurice Chapel, Nuremberg Adoration ;

sented it in 1826. Engraved by J. Burnet,
T. Nicholson.
of theMagi (signed: Henricus Blessius F.), Cat. Nat. Gal.; Heaton,
Angelic Salutation, Old Pinakothek, Mu- Works of Sir D. W. Mollett, 26 ; ; Waagen,
nich Male portrait with landscape, Berlin
;
Art Treasures, i. 376.
Museum Pedler robbed by Monkeys, Dres-
; BLIND-MAN'S-BUFF, Sir David Wilkie,
den Gallery; Flight into Egypt (?), St. Buckingham Palace ; canvas. Cottagers
John Preaching, Good Samaritan, Walk to playing blind-man's-buff in a kitchen.
Emmaus, Kepose in Egypt (called style of Painted in 1812 for George IV. when Prince
Patenier), Museum, Vienna Christ bearing ;
who paid for it 300 guineas. Loan
Regent,
the Cross, St. John preaching, Academy, ib. Exhibition, Edinburgh, 1883.
;
Original
St. Jerome in the Desert (attributed to Pate- sketch (1811) in National Gallery. En-
nier), Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.;
Dante's In- graved by A. Raimbach, W. Greatbach.
ferno,Doge's Palace, Venice Tempta- Heaton, Works of Sir D. W. Mollett, 42,
;
|
;

tion of St. Anthony, Museo Civico, ib.; 46 Waagen, Art Treasures, ii. 25 ; Art ;

Tower of Babel, Academy, ib.; Madonna, Journal (1860), 108.

Working a Mine, Uffizi, Florence Christ BLOCK, ALEXANDRE, born in Paris; ;

bearing the Cross, Palazzo Doria, Rome ; contemporary. Landscape and genre paint-
Landscapes (5), er pupil of Gerome and Bastien-Lepage.
;

Naples Museum ; Medal, 3d class, 1885. Works: At the

Adoration of the Antiquary's (1880) Banks of Seine at Vaux
;

Magi (?), Milan (1881), M. Deloru-re; Crab Fisherman, Mill

Academy ;
do. of Jarcy (1882); Willows of Bonneuil, Che-

Landscape and min du Chapitre at Cretail (1883); Place de

(attributed to la Chapelle Paris, Brook of Moc-Souris
Patenier), Ma- Morbihan (1884); Defence of Rochefort-en-
drid Museum. Biogr. nat. de Belgique, ii. Terre April 29, 1793 (1885).
471 Michiels, iv. 368, 391 ix. 115 Rie-
; ; ; BLOCK, KARL HEINRICH, born in
gel, Beitrage, ii. 44 Booses (Reber), 114
; ; Copenhagen, May 23, 1834. Genre and his-
W. & W., ii. 522 ;
Zeitschr. f. b. K, xv.
tory painter pupil of Copenhagen Acad- ;

128. emy ; studied from nature among peas-

BLESSING THE HARVEST, (Benedic- antry of Zealand and on coast of Jut-
tion des bles), Jules Breton, Luxembourg laud,and soon acquired reputation for hu-
Museum ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 3 in. x 10 ft. 5 in. mourous pictures. Studio in Rome from
Ceremony of blessing the harvest in Artois. 1859 to 1865. Since then has painted
A procession, headed by young girls in mostly historical subjects. He is a member
white, followed by the priest under a canopy of and professor at the Copenhagen Acad-
attended by choir boys, the village officials, emy. Medals in 1852, 1853, 1864 Order ;

and peasants in their old-fashioned holiday of Dauebrog, 1867. Works Peasant's :

clothes, pass through the fields ; in fore- Cottage (1854) Fisherman's Family on ;

ground, women and children kneeling. Shore (1858); Repast (1859); Fisherman
Salon, 1857. Meyer, Gesck., 642. from Sorrento (1861), Copenhagen Gallery;

inc
 I3LOCK
Old Bachelor, Two Monks (1862); Samson partly serious, partly humourous. Medal,
at the Mill (1863), Daughter of Jairus Paris, 1842 L. of Honour, 1846. Works ; :

(1864), Copenhagen Gallery Roman Street Flemish Inn (1833) ; Musical Party, Grand-|
;

Barber (1864); Prometheus (1864) Twenty-! father's Visit, Tavern-Interior, Rural Feast
;

two Scenes from Life of Christ (1866-84), near Antwerp (1836) Politicians, Going i

Chapel of Castle Fredericksborg Christ Home from School (1855) Poacher's Wife,
; ;

and the Children, Christ the Consoler, Hunter's Boy (1859) Flower Girl, Indiscreet ;

Christ at Emmaus, Christ at Gethsem- Belles (1860) Reading the Bible, Sunday, ;

ane, Resurrection, St. Jacob's Church, Cold and Hunger (1862) The Smith, He is ;

Copenhagen Sainson and Delilah (1874) coming

; Art Journal (1866), 73 Immer-
;
!
;

Fishseller Woman (1876), Copenhagen Gal- zeel, i. 59 ; Kramm, i. 100.

==3 II, ',

'.
i >!!$ /'/////''///

Blind-Man's-Buff, Sir David Wilkie, Buckingham Palace.

lery Hans Tavson protecting Bishop Ron-

; BLOEMAERT, 1
ABRAHAM, born at Gor-
now, James of Scotland visiting Tycho dc cum, Dec. 25, >

Brahe, Chancellor Niels Kaas and his 1564, died at Ut-

Ward, Prince Christian, King Christian recht about 1658.
as Prisoner Sonderburg, Interior in Dutch school
in ;

Time of Christian TV. (1881). Sigurd history, portrait,

Miiller, 33 ; Weilbach, 72 Zeitschr. f. b. and landscape
;

K, xviii. 37. painter pupil of

;

BLOCK, EUGENICS FRANS DE, born Joost de Beer at

at Grammont, East Flanders, May 14, 1812. af-
Utrecht, and, /
Genre painter pupil at Ghent of Van Huffel, ter having stud-
;

and in Antwerp of Braekeleer; since 1833 iedin Parisunder

has exhibited genre scenes from low life, different masters in 1581-84, of Hierony
 BLOEMEN
mus Francken at Herenthals ;
returned Among his numerous works are : Six land-
to Utrecht, where, having for some time scapes, Louvre ; Flight into Egypt, Lille
lived at Amsterdam (citizen there in 1591), Museum ; Myth of Latona, Berlin Museum ;
he settled again before 1600, and is men- Landscape, Dresden Museum Landscape, ;

tioned as member and dean of the guild in Brera, Milan ; three landscapes, Vienna
1611-28. Treated all branches of painting Museum Armida, two others, Hermitage, ;

from religious subjects down to still-life. St. Petersburg several in Academy of St. ;

Works Ave Maria, Nativity (1612), Male Luke and other galleries, Rome.
:
Biog.
portrait, Louvre, Paris Magdalen Repent- nat. de Belgique, ii. 488 Ch. Blanc, cole
; ;

ant, Nantes Museum Hippomenes crowned flamande Michiels, x. 334 Rooses (Reber),
; ; ;

in the Arena (1626); Marriage of Peleus 415.

(1638), Hague Museum Diogenes and the ; BLOEMEN, NORBERT VAN, called
Booster, Eaising of Lazarus (1607), Old Cephalus, born at Antwerp, in Feb., 1670,
Pinakothek, Munich St. John; preaching, died at Amsterdam, in 1746. Flemish
Schleissheim Gallery Argus and Mercury school younger brother of Jan
; \
studied
; ;

(1645), Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna

Mar- in Antwerp and in Rome painted scenes in
; |
;

tyrdom of St. Andrew (copy after Caravag- private life and portraits. Biog. nat. de
gio), Old Man's
Head (1635), Dresden Gal- Belgique, ii. 491.
lery Joseph's
;
Second Dream, Berlin Muse- BLOEMEN, PIETER VAN, called Stan-
um; Nativity, St. John preaching in the daart, born in Antwerp, baptized Jan. 17,
Desert, SS. Peter and Paul, Brunswick Gal- 1657, died there, buried March 6, 1720.
lery Niobe, Venus and Adonis, Hercules Flemish school
; genre, battle, and land- ;

and Omphale, Copenhagen Gallery. His scape painter pupil of Simon van Douw, ;

son and pupil, Hendrik, master of the guild an imitator of Wouwerman master of the ;

at Utrecht about 1630-32, repeatedly its guild in 1674. Spent some years in Rome,
dean, and last mentioned in 1664, imitated where he was a member of the Academy of
at first Italian masters, afterwards Rubens. Si Luke returned to Antwerp and was ;

Works Paul before Agrippa (1634), Maria made director of the Academy there in 1699.
:

van Pallaes (1657), two others, Utrecht Works Farrier, Copenhagen Gallery Land- :
;

Museum; scapes, Stockholm Museum Ruin with Cat- ;

Male por- tle (1710), Halt before Inn (1718), three

Ai trait (1641),
Brunswick
do. (1648 ?), Dresden Gallery.
others, Dresden Gallery
Italian Landscapes, Vienna Mu-
seum Training School for Hors-
two ;

Gallery ; ;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise ; Immerzeel, i. es

Hermitage, St. Petersburg. (1712),
60 Kramm, i. 101 Riegel, Beitriige, ii. Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 492 Michiels, x.
; ; ;

166, 181 De Stuers, 14.

;
331 Rooses (Reber), 408. ;

BLOEMEN, JAN FRANS VAN, called BLOKLAND. See Montfoort.

Orizonte, baptized in Antwerp, May 12, BLOMBERG, HUGO VON, Baron, born
1662, died in Rome about 1740 (?). Flem- in Berlin, Sept. 26, 1820, died in Weimar,
ish landscape painter, brother of June 17, 1871. History and genre painter
school ; ;

Pieter van Bloemen, pupil of Antonius pupil of Berlin Academy under Wach until
Goubau. Went early to Rome, where he 1845, then of Leon Cogniet in Paris, in 1847.
painted Italian views, showing influence of After performing military duty in 1849, he
Claude Lorrain and Gaspar Poussin. In- resumed his studies in Berlin and moved to
master in grandeur of concep- Weimar in 1867.
ferior to this Works: Dornroschen
tion,he excelled him in the delicate grada- (1844); Neptune and Amymone (1847);
tion of distance, whence called 1'Orizonte. Mediaeval Town, Merchant of Venice (1866);

168
 BLONDEEL
Benvenuto Cellini, King William at Kiinig- gen, Art Treasures, ii. 173 Brock-Arnold, ;

grate (1867). AUgem. d. Biogr., ii. 719; 42, 60 Notes and Queries, 4th 8., xi. 485, ;

Rosenberg, BerL Malersch., 56. 505 ; Eng. Painters of Georgian Era, 14.
BLONDEEL, LANCELOT, born at
Bruges, in 1495, died there, March 4, 1561.
Flemish school was a journeyman mason
;

before becoming a painter, and adopted

the trowel as his mark received into guild ;

of St. Luke in 1530. He was an accom-

plished architect, and
his pictures are noted
for their rich architectural
backgrounds,
often in Renaissance style, executed on
gold ground. His
chiefly in the
figures,
Italian style, are often well set in action
and finished, but mannered and of cold
flesh tones. Among his works are Mar- :
'

tyrdom of SS. Cosmo and Damian (1523),

S. Jacques, Bruges ;

Madonna with 88.

Luke and Eligius
(1545), Cathedral, ib. ;

St. Luke painting the

Virgin (1545), Academy, ib.; St. Peter, Brus-
sels Museum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii.

525 ; Michiels, v. 48.

BLOOMER, H. REYNOLDS, born in New

York contemporary. Landscape painter
; ;

Blue Boy, Gainsborough, Grosvenor House, London.

pupil in Paris of Pelouse. Works El Do- :

rado (1876) After the Shower, Landscape

;
BLUM, ROBERT, born in Cincinnati,
(1877) ;
Old Bridge at Grez, Waterfall near Ohio, in 1857. First exhibited in New
Cernay-la-Ville (1878). York in 1879 studied and painted in Italy, ;

BLUE BOY, Thomas Gainsborough, Gros- and Spain in 1880. Member of Society '

venor House, London canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. of American Artists. Studio in New York.
;

x 4 ft. Portrait of a youth, full length, Works: Toledo Water-Carriers, T. B.

standing in a landscape, clad in a blue satin Clarke, New York Going and Coming ;

Van Dyck Painted, it is said, in (1881); Bright Day at Venice (1882).

dress.
1779, as a practical refutation of Reynolds's BOAR HUNT, Velasquez, National Gal- !

theory that the cold colours, of which blue London ; canvas, H. 6 ft 2 in. 10 ft. lery, '.<

the chief, cannot be used effectively in 3 in.

Philip IV. and his courtiers hunting
is

Engraved by R. Graves wild boars in an arena enclosed by canvas

:

portrait painting.
(1868) ; etched by C. Waltner (1880), P. walls, in the Pardo, a royal hunting seat two
J

Rajon (1881). History obscure. Another leagues from Madrid ; the King, with Oli-
Blue Boy, owned in 1873 by J. Sewell, Lon- vares near him on a horse ; the Cardinal bay
don, seems to have some claims to being the Infant, Don Fernando, on a white horse ;

original picture, though some think it a Juan Mateos, royal huntsman, an old man
copy by Gainsborough Dupont. A third, on a white horse with long mane specta- ;

smaller, is owned by Mrs. Freake. Fulcher, tors on foot and in carriages. Queen Isabel
113, 202 ; Redgrave, Century, i. 165 Waa- among the spectators in second carriage.
;

168
 BOBO
Painted about 1628 ; formerly in Royal lombarde Burckhardt, 611 Eio, ; ; iii. 370 ;

Palace, Madrid ; presented by Ferdinand Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 478.
Vn. (about 1820) to Sir Henry Wellesley, BOCCACCINO, CAMLLLO, of Cremona,
who sold it (1846) to National Gallery for born 1515, died Jan. 2, 1546. Lombard
2,200. Sketches in possession of Sir Rich- school son of Boccaccio Boccaccino, but ;

ard Wallace, Bart, and Countess Cowper, excelled him, as he took pains to avoid the
London. C. Bermudez Curtis, 23 Athe- faults into which his father's vanity had be-
; ;

nseum (1855), 407 (1856), 1165 Stirling, trayed him. Lanzi calls him the greatest
;

1840. genius of the Cremonese school. The Rais-

BOBO DE CORIA, Madrid ing of Lazarus and the Adulteress before
Velasquez,
Museum canvas, H. 3 ft. 4 in. x 2 ft. 9 in. Christ, in Cremona, and the Four Evangelists
;

A jester, in green dress, seated on the floor in S. Sigismondo, near Cremona, are exam-
of a chamber ; beside him, two gourds and ples of his works. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 583;
an earthen cup. Second manner, probably vi. 493 C. Blanc, cole lombarde Lanzi, ; ;

painted between 1631 and 1649. Engraved ii. 429.

by L. Croutelle etched by Laguillermie in
; BOCHMANN, GREGOR VON, born at
Portfolio (1873). Curtis, 30 Madrazo, Nehat, Esthland, June 1, 1850. Landscape
;

633. painter pupil, from 1868, of the Diissel- ;

BOCCACCINO, BOCCACCIO, of Cremo- dorf Academy. Studio since 1871 in Diis-

na, born 1460, died 1518 (?). Lombard seldorf, whence he makes annual study trips
school educated probably by followers of to his native country, and to Holland and
;

Mantegna at Ferrara, he was already an in- Belgium. Medals in Berlin, Brussels, and
dependent master at Cremona in 1497, and Munich Order of Leopold. Works Church ; :

had painted a series of frescos in Sant' Agos- in Esthland (1874); Sluice in Holland (1875);
tino. In 1499 Garofalo, his apprentice, de- Potato Harvest in Esthland (1876) Wharf ;

serted him and went to Bx>me, and at a later in Holland (1878), National Gallery, Berlin.
period Boccaccino followed him. Vasari Brockhaus, iii. 220 Mttller, 58. ;

says he painted there a Coronation of the BOCK, HANS, middle of 16th century.
Virgin in Santa Maria in Trastevere, but the German school ; fresco painter. His colos-
who had expected great things from
public, sal frescos, inside and outside the City Hall
one who had criticised Michael Angelo, so of Basle, despite their mannerism, are vigor-
ridiculed his work that he returned to Cre- ously treated and have fine landscape back-
mona. Between 1506 and 1518 he executed grounds. Kugler (Crowe), 271.
numerous frescos in the Cathedral, Cremona, BOCKHORST, JAN VAN, surnamed
and also painted important works in Venice, Langen Jan, born at Mflnster, Westphalia,
of which the Madonna with Saints in S. Giu- about 1610, died in Antwerp, April 21, 1668.
liano, and thedo. with landscape and Mar- Flemish school; history and portrait painter;
riage of St. Catherine in the Academy (1511) pupil of Jordaens master in 1633 of the ;

are good specimens. His compositions are guild in Antwerp, where he had come early
scattered and his perspective sometimes bad, in life. His portraits have been compared
but some of his single figures are good, and to those of Van Dyck. Works David's Re- :

his colouring is often rich. Ch. Blanc, who pentance, St. Michael's, Ghent Martyrdom ;

puts little faith in the story of Vasari, says of St. James, St. James's, ib. Mar-
^ ;

that Boccaccino was one of the best Cremo- T 1" T tyrdom of Legion of Thebes, LilleJ
nese painters, and that he played the same I I \ I Museum ;
Coronation of the Vir-
role there that Mantegua did in Padua and gin, Museum, Antwerp ; Trip-
Francia in Bologna. C. & C., N. Italy, tych with
Resurrection, Beguinage,
ii. ib. ;

441; Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 581 ;Ch. Blanc, Ecole Finding of the Cross, Augustine ch., ib. ;

170
 BOCKLIN
Mercury and Hersa, Ulysses and Achilles, Old BODE, LEOPOLD, born at Offenbach,
Pinakothek, Munich Nymphs and Satyrs, March 11, 1831. History painter pupil of
; ;

Vienna Museum.- Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii :his father, then of the Stildel Institute
556; Gaz. des B. Arts (1872), vi. 491; Mi- under Jakob Becker, Passavant, Eugen
chiels, ix. 67, 255. Schiiffer, and from 1850 of Ed. Steinle, who
BOCKLIN, ARNOLD, born in Basle, Oct. influenced him most. In 1858 he travelled i

16, 1827. Landscape and history painter in Bavaria and Tyrol, and in 1860-65 as-
; ,

pupil in landscape painting of Dtisseldorf sisted Steinle in his frescos in the

;

Cologne
Academy under Schirmer ; then studied Museum.
1865 and 1875 he visited
j
In
figure painting in Brussels. Visited Paris, Switzerland. Works Scene from Ruth's :

Rome, and in 1853 Basle, whence he went History (1856); Visitation Workshop with ;

to Munich. Became professor at the art the Cross, Chronicle of Travelling Scholar,
school in Weimar in 1858, but resigned two Rudolf von Hapsburg
(1868) ; Edelweiss
years later and went again to Rome lived and Alpine Rose The Alpine Bride Scenes
; ; ;
I

in Munich in 1871-76, and finally settled in from Legend of Charlemagne's Birth, Schack
j

Florence. Works Venus Reposing, Pan in Gallery, Munich.

:
Muller, 60.
the Rushes (1857), Munich Gallery; Amazon- BODE, WILHELM, born in Hamburg,
Hunt Sleeping Satyr-Family Castle on in 1830. Landscape painter pupil of the
; ;
j
;

the Sea surprised by Corsairs; Chase of Vienna Academy lived for eight years in ;

Diana, Basle Museum The Gods of Greece; Munich

; studio in Diisseldorf. Works ; :

Anacreontic Shepherd-Boy Robbery on Autumn Evening in the Mountains, Sunday

;

Italian Coast Faun Family Pieta, Por- Morning in Salzburg, Isar-Valley, Morning
; ;

trait of himself (1871); Fight of Centaurs; on the Konigsee, View on Kochelsee, On the
Ceres and Bacchus Panic Terror, Ancho- Haidlinger Heights, From the Eifel, Val-
;

rite, Portrait of his Wife (1863), Villa by ley of Lauterbrunn, Morning on the Hinter-
Sea (1869), Old Roman Tavern, Shepherd's see, The Rampenwand near Rosenheim,
Love Lament, Murderer and Furies, Walk The Hundstod, Perspective in the Bavarian
to Emrnaus, Dragon's Den, Ride of Death, Mountains, Mill on the Brook. Muller, 60.
Wood Landscape with Nymph, Ideal Land- BODENMULLER, ALFONS, born in
scape, Shepherdess, Sea-Idyl, Schack Gal- Munich, Aug. 5, 1847. Genre painter;
lery, Munich Descent from Cross (1876) pupil of Munich Academy under Ramberg
; ;

Isle of the Blessed (1878), National

Gallery, and Lindenschmit Mttller, 60.
Berlin Triton (1880).
; Brockhaus, iii. 224 BODENMULLER, FRIEDRICH, born
;

Muller, 58; Pecht, ii. 180 Graph. K, ii. 77

;
in Munich, Aug. 11, 1845. ;Battle painter ;

Grenzboten (1879), 397. pupil of Munich Academy, but mostly self-

BOCKSBERGER (Boxberger), HANS, taught. First painted genre and altar pieces,
born in Salzburg, in 1540. German school but, having served in the German war of
;

son and pupil of Hans Bocksberger painted 1870-71 as an officer in the Bavarian army,
;

chiefly battles, hunts, allegories, mytho- was led to cultivate his present specialty.
logical and historical subjects, in oil and Works Camping in the Rain, Patrol (1871); :

water colours, but especially in fresco, dec- Fight in the Streets of Bazeilles
Camp ;

orating exteriors and interiors of houses near Ingolsheim Battle of Sedan (1873), ;

in Munich,
Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Ratisbon, Munich Gallery; Battle of Worth; After
Passau, Landshut, and Salzburg. Among the Battle of Worth Camp of the French ;

his works are: Wall Castle on the Isle of Iges

paintings at Storming of Frosch- ;

Trausnitz, near Landshut, Bavaria (1579). weiler Elegy (1883). Mtiller, 60. ;

Allgem. d. Biogr., ii. 788 Brockhaus, iii.

; BODENSTEIN, JULIUS, born in Berlin,
224 Nagler, Mon., iii. 189.
;
Aug. 4, 1847. Landscape painter pupil of ;

171
 BODMER
BerlinAcademy under Schiitze and Her- ish school ; animal and still-life painter ;

mann Scbnee went in 1873 to Munich,

;
and of his uncle, Cornellspupil of Snyders,
where he studied under Ad. Lier. Works: de Wael. Visited Italy and France, settled
View near Trafoi with Glaciers; Approaching in Paris, and became court painter, and very
Storm in Jura Mountains Twenty-five Views popular, equalling Snyders in composition,
;

in the High Alps (1879); Isle of Sylt. Exhibit- and in the drawing and truth to nature of his
ed at Munich (1883) Oyster-Fishing on North animals. His pictures are rare Sporting Dog :

Sea, Twilight on Isle of Sylt. Miiller, 60. guarding Game, Old Pinakothek, Munich ;

BODMEE, KARL, born in Zttrich, Switz- Eagle's Repast, Antwerp Museum Game ;

erland, in 1805. Landscape painter, chiefly Piece, Ghent Museum; Dead Game, and
woods and wooded landscapes pupil of others, Madrid Museum Eagle devouring
; ;

Cornu. Has travelled in America and other Roe, Frankfort Museum Boar Hunt, land- ;

countries with the Prince von Neuwied. scape, Hague Museum. His son, Jan Bap-
Medals 2d class, 1851 3d class, 1855 and tiste Boel (1650-89), was also a painter in
: ;

1863 L. of Honour, 1876. Works Indian the same line. Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii.
;
:

Costumes and Chiefs (1836), water colours 581 Cat. du Mus. d'Anvers (1874), 52 ; ; ;

Forest in Winter (1850), Luxembourg Mu- Michiels, vii. 426 Rooses (Reber), 425. ;

seum Dry Leaves (1853); A Pond (1855);

; BOENISCH, GUSTAV ADOLF, born at
After the Kain, March Sunlight, In the Soppau, Silesia, Aug. 22, 1802. Landscape
Woods (1857); AtBas-Breau, Morning, Even- painter ; pupil of Wach and of Berlin Acad-

ing (1859); Chickens under Shelter, Ter- emy ; travelled through the mountains of
riers in the Broom Fields, Forest of Fon- Middle Germany and in Scan-
tainebleau, Deer Fighting (1861); Family of dinavia. Works: Mill on a Pond;
Bears in the Alleghany Mountains Wild ;
c .
Thuringian Village Bay be- ;

Turkeys in the Woods, View on the Mis- tween Rocks House in the
;

souri water-colours (1863); Last Days of Mountains Rocky Landscape in Norway. ;

Autumn, Under the Trees (1865); Wild Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 59.
Boars among the Trees (1866); Shelter from BOESEN, JOHANNES, born in Copen-
the Snow (1867); Fox Terrier (1870); Bor- hagen, Aug. 5, 1847. Landscape painter ;

ders of a Swampy Forest (1872); Quarry of pupil of Copenhagen Academy visited ;

Game (1874); High Woods, Eaux-Fortes Italy, Switzerland, and France in 1879.
(1875); Preliminaries of the Fight (1877); Works Apple-tree : inBlossom (1873); Wild
Group of Hack Horses, Nest of Wrens Rose-bush (1875); Sunrise Showers in
;

(1878); Boar breaking loose (1879); Volley September (1881). Sigurd Mtiller, 44.
of Curses (1881). His son and pupil, Henri BOEYERMANS, THEODOR, bom in

(born at Barbizon), is also a landscape paint- Antwerp, baptized Nov. 10, 1620, died there,
er. Larousse. in 1677 or 1678. Flemish school ; history
BOfi, FRANZ and portrait painter studied Van Dyck's
(DIETRICH), born at Ber- ;

gen, Norway, May 28, pictures. His colouring is warm and har-
1820. Still-life

painter pupil of Copenhagen Academy, monious in tone. Received in guild of St.

;

and of M. Greenland settled in 1849 in ;

Paris. Works Grapes (1850), Louvre

:
;

Camellias (1855) Pheasant and Partridge

;

Eagle devouring Fox Fishes Shells Jew- ; ;

-

;
;

/
elry ;Fruits Sea-Plants
;
View of Moun- ;

tains in Westenaalen (1878). Mttller, 61. Luke, May 17, 1654. Best works An Am- :

BOEL, PIETER, born in Antwerp, Oct. bassador, Pool of Bethesda (1675), The
22, 1622, died there, Sept. 3, 1674. Flem- Visit, Antwerp the Nurse of Painters, Fe-
 BOGGS
male Head, Museum, Antwerp ; Assump- ties.
'

Decorated with Russian, Austrian,

tion, S. Jacques, ib. Vow of
;
St. Louis of Danish, and Belgian orders. Works Bat- :

Gonzaga, Nantes Museum

St. Francis
;
tle of Siuope (1853); Battles of Greuhane
Xavier converting an Indian Prince, Jesuit and Petropavlovsk First Sea-Battle of Peter;

Church, Ypres Judgment of Paris, Hague

; the Great Morning after the Storm
; Dis- ;

Museum. Ch. Blanc, cole flarnande Biog. ; |

embarkment ;
Battle near Hangut in 1714 ;

nat. de Belgique, ii. 605 Michiels, ix. 3

; ;
Peter the Great with his Galleys Crossing ;

Itooses (Reber), 331. near Rilaco in Finland, Battle near Isle of

BOGGS, FRANK MYERS, born in New Oesel in 1819 Views of Naples, Venice, and
;

York, in 1855. Marine painter pupil of Amsterdam Christ walking on the Sea
; ; ;

Gurome and of the ficole des Beaux Arts, Christ on Lake of Gennesareth, Ice afloat on
Paris. Two of his pictures purchased by the Neva (1873); Roadstead of Cronstadt
French Government. Studio in Dieppe. (1878). Brockhaus, iii. 241 Muller, 61. ;

Works Marine French Coast

: Return BOHN, GERMANN VON, born at Heil-
;

from Crab-Fishing (1882); Coast Scene bronn, Wtirtemberg, Feb. 25, 1812. History
Honfleur (1883); Old Canal at Dordrecht,! painter studied in Stuttgart, then in Paris ;

On the Thames (1884); Port of Honfleur under Henri Lehinann and Ary Scheffer,
\

(1885). and for two years in Rome then lived in ;

BOGH, CARL HENRIK, born in Copen- Paris until 1876, when he was appointed
hagen, Sept 3, 1827. Genre and portrait court-painter at Stuttgart. Medals Paris,
I
:

painter ; pupil of Copenhagen Academy, 1844, 1849 ; L. of Honour, 1852 ; Wurtem-

|

then studied in Paris, 1860-G1 travelled in berg Crown Order. Works Death of Cleo-
; :

Sweden and Norway. Title of professor in patra (1840), Nantes Museum Hagar and ;

1873. Works: Country Scene (1854); Ishmael (1843), St. Martin de Tours (1844),
Horse Dealer (1857); Reunion (1862); Milk- Tours Cathedral Romeo and Juliet, Nancy ;

ing Place (1870); Reindeer at the Milking Museum All Souls' Day, Villa Rosenhain, ;

Place (1875), Copenhagen Gallery. Sigurd near Stuttgart Serenade (after Uhland), ;

Muller, 55 Weilbach, 91.

;
Stuttgart Gallery Hamlet and Ophelia ;

BOGLE, JAMES, bom in South Carolina (1849); St. Elizabeth (1866); St. Agnes;
in 1817, died in 1873. Portrait painter The Valkyrie The Vow, Gelsomina (1868);
;| ;

pupil of Professor Morse in New York, My Mother's Umbrella (1870). Meyer,

where his professional life was chiefly spent. Con. Lex., xviii. 142.
He painted portraits of Calhoun, Clay, BOILLY, LOUIS LEOPOLD, born at La
Webster, John A. Dix, Henry J. Raymond, Bassee, near Lille, July 5, 1761, died in
and other distinguished men. Elected an Palis, Jan. 5, 1845. Genre and portrait
A.N.A. in 1850, and N.A. in 1861. painter. Began to paint portraits when
BOGOLJUBOFF, ALEXIS, born in Gov- thirteen, went to Paris about 1787, and it is
ernment of Moscow in 1824. Marine painter said painted the incredible number of 5000
;

pupil of St. Petersburg Academy won, in pictures, many of them being scenes of the
;

1853, the first prize, and went to Diissel- Revolution treated rather from the grotesque
dorf, where he studied under Andreas than the tragic side.
Achenbach. After hia return exhibited Arrival of the Dili-
more than one hundred paintings became gence (1803), Lou-
/^
;
^(2.
in 1858 member of, and in 1861 professor vre, Paris Isabey's ;
|

in, the Academy. Accompanied the Cesare- Atelier with twenty-

vich on his travels, and in 1866 revisited four portraits of artists, Triumph of Marat,
Germany, where he painted several large Lille Museum. Ch. Blanc, Ecolu frun-
historical marines, city-views, and sea-bat- caise.

173
 BOIS

BOIS, CORNELLS DU, flourished about as well as humourous scenes, and secured a
1G50. Dutch school landscape painter, in place among the foremost genre painters of
;

the style of Jacob Ruisdael, possibly his Germany. Medals :

pupil. Works : Wood Landscape (1649), London, Vienna

Brunswick Gallery do., Cassel Gallery ; ; (1873), Ghent, Ber-
do. (attributed to Guillam du B.), Schwerin lin, and Brussels.
Gallery. Riegel, Beitrage, ii. 395. Works : House of
BOISSELIER, FELIX, the elder, bom at Sorrow (1873);
Damphal (Haute-Marne), in 1776, died in Shoemaker's Ap-
Rome, Jan. 12, 1811.
painter History ; prentice (1873); Ex-
pupil of Sieti, or Cieti, an Italian decorative treme Unction
painter, and later of Reguault. Won the (1873) Dawn of ;

grand twice
prize for painting
successively Day (1874); Moun-
(1805-06), the two subjects being the Death tebank (1875) Pawnbroker's Shop (1876), ;

of Demosthenes and the Return of the Stuttgart GaUery Failure of a Bank (1878); ;

Prodigal Son. Went to Rome in 1806, and Camp

Opening of the Willin Winter-Time ;

sent from there his Death of Adonis, now (1879), National Gallery, Berlin; Last Stage
in the Louvre, which was exhibited in 1812, of Election Contest (1880). Muller, 63;
after his death. His younger brother, An- Hlustr. Zeitg. (1879), i. 10 (1881), ii. 469 ; ;

toine Felix, called the younger, was a Land und Meer (1884), i. 426 Zeitschr. f. ;

painter of history and historical landscapes. b. K, xv. 48, xvL 149.

His Death of Bayard is at Fontainebleau. BOKER, KARL, born at Barmen, in 1836.
Villot, Cat. Louvre. Genre painter; pupil of the Diisseldorf Acad-
BOISSIEU, JEAN JACQUES DE, born emy under Karl Sohn and Schadow painted ;

at Lyons, Nov. 30, 1736, died there, March at first biblical pictures, but turned to
1, 1810. Landscape and genre painter; pupil genre subjects excels especially in humour- ;

of Lombard, and of Jean Charles Frontier, ous scenes. Works Chastity of Joseph :
;

and formed himself after the Dutch masters St. John Flight into Egypt Magdalen ; ; ; ;

studied also in Paris and Italy. Works Revision of Passport; After School (1866);
:

Landscape with Washerwomen, Louvre, Crab-Fishing and Repast (1867); The

Paris Hilly River Landscape, Valley with Good Testimonial (1868); Little Recruits
;

River (1773), Berlin Museum. Larousse, (1868) ; Spectacle-Dealer (1869) ; Walk

ii. 886 ; Notice de Tableaux du Louvre to Kirmess (1870); Cupid in the Sculpture
(1882), iii. 14 Gallery (1871); Canary Bird Seller (1872);
BOIT, EDWARD DARLEY, born in Bos-
Large Hotel-Bill (1873); Children Swing-
ton contemporary. Marine painter studied ing, Mother's Joy (1875); At the Fair (1876);
; ;

first in Boston, later in Paris under Fran- Great Misery Christmas-Box Bird-Thieves ; ;

cais has also lived and painted in Rome. arraigned Your Health
; Muller, 63 E- ;
!
;

Studio in Paris. Works La Plage de Vil- lustr. Zeitg. (1873), i. 255.

:

lers Calvados (1876) Beach of Villers BOKLUND, JOHAN KRISTOFER, born

;

Normandy (1878) Terrace at Grove Farm at Kulla-Gunnarstorp, Sweden, July 15,

;

at Leatherhead England (1884); Tun- 1817, died in Stockholm, Dec. 10, 1880.
bridge Wells England (1885). History and genre painter; studied from
BOKELMANN, LUDWIG (CHRISTIAN 1832 in Lund under Korner, then at the
LOUIS), born at St. Jttrgen, near Bremen, Copenhagen Academy, in 1837 in Stock-
Feb. 4, 1844. Genre painter pupil of holm, 1846 in Munich, and 1854 in Paris
;

Diisseldorf Academy under W. Sohn has under Couture returned to Sweden in 1856,
; ;

attained considerable reputation with serious became member of and professor in the

174
 HOKS
Stockholm Academy, and in 1867 inspector Hall, Leyden The Regents (1649),
Lepro- ;

of the Gallery and director of the Academy. senhuys, Amsterdam ; do.,

Huysittenhuys ;
Painted, at first, scenes from the Thirty The Astronomer (1652), National Gallery,
Years' War ; then turned to historical London Philosopher, Dutch Prince in a ;

genre. Much due to him for the Car drawn by Goats (1654), Male portrait
credit is

organization of the Museums in Stockholm (1659), Louvre, Paris two portraits (1669), ;

and Lund. Works Gustavus Adolphus and :

Axel Oxenstierua Charles X. and Erik ;

Dahlberg Faust in his Study

; Convent- ;

Yard in Tyrol Meran Riflemen, Stockholm

;

Museum Portrait of Queen Louise. Mnl-

;

ler, 63.

BOKS, EVERT JAN, born at Beekber-

gen, Belgium, April 18, 1838. Genre paint-

er; pupil of Antwerp Academy under De
Keyser studied then in Paris and settled
;
Hague Museum. C. Vosmaer, Rembrandt
in Antwerp. His specialty is servant's life, (Hague, 1877), 138; Kugler (Crowe), ii.

which he depicts in the most amusing man- 376 ; De Stuers, 16 ; Ch. Blanc, cole hol-
ner. Corpus Delicti (1878) is one of his landaise ; Riegel, Beitnige, ii. 257.
best works. Mailer, 63. BOL, HANS, born at Mechlin, Dec. 16,
BOL, FERDINAND, born at Dordrecht, 1534, died in Amsterdam, Nov. 20, 1593.
in 1611, died Flemish school painted landscapes and
;

in Amster- miniatures, also genre and biblical subjects.

dam ;buried, Worked for two years for the Elector of the
July 24, 1680. Palatinate in Heidelberg, then until 1572 in
Dutch school; Mechlin, next until 1584 in Antwerp, and,
pupil of Rem- after short stays in Bergen, Dordrecht, and
brandt, whose Delft, settled in Amsterdam. He excelled
studio he en- in representing subjects reflected in the
tered about water, and rocks overgrown with moss and
1G30, and one shrubbery ; his figures, animals, fruits, and
of his most flowers are notable for their truth, good
successful imitators. Lived chiefly at Am- drawing, and finished execution. Works :

sterdam, where in 1653 he married Elizabeth Prayer-Book, illuminated MS., National Li-
Dell. Painted many historical pictures, ex- Paris small Cabinet of
brary, ; landscapes,
celled in portraits, and was an excellent
etcher. Among his numerous works in
European galleries the best are : Female
portrait (1642), Berlin Museum ; Saskia,
wife of Rembrandt, Brussels Gallery Da- ;

vid's Charge to Solomon (1643), Dublin

National Gallery Repose in Egypt (1644);
;

Jacob's Dream, Joseph presenting Jacob to Miniatures, Munich Gallery do., Berlin ;

Pharaoh, and his own portrait, Dresden Museum. Biog. nat de Belgique, ii. 626.
Gallery Pastor Fido, and half-length fig-
; BOLANACffl, CONSTANTINOS, born
ures of a man and bis wife, Baring Collection, at Heraclium in Candia, March 17, 1837.
London Portrait of a Boy, Castle Howard, Marine painter pupil of Munich Academy,
; ;

England Allegory of Peace (1644), Town under Piloty

;
paints effective sea-battles ;

175
 BOLDINI
and coast-scenes, most of which are bought BOMMEL, ELIAS VAN, born in Amster-
in England and America. Works Battle dam, in 1824. Marine and architecture
:

of Lissa (1866) Neapolitan Fishermen

; painter; pupil of the Amsterdam Academy;
;

Company on Shipboard Ship on Fire in visited Paris, Belgium, Germany, Hungary,

;

Mid-Ocean. Mttller, 64 and North Italy, and settled in Vienna.

BOLDINI, G., born at Ferrara, Italy. Works Harbour of Dordrecht, Street in :

Genre and portrait painter studio in Paris. Amsterdam (1866) View on the Rhine, Har-
; ;

His style somewhat resembles Fortuny's. bour of Vlissingen (1867); StiU Water at Am-
Works A Summer Stroll The Connois- sterdam (1868) Rotterdam (1869) Storm
:
; ; ;

seur; The Despatch (1879); At the Piano, near Coast, Montalbaan's Tower in Amster-
Wm. Astor, New York Ladies of First dam (1872). Mailer, 64.
;

Empire, Les Parisiennes, W. H. Vander- BONAPARTE. See Napoleon.

bilt, New York Spring Flowers, After the
; BONAVENTURE, ST., Muritto, Francis
Orgie, A. E. Borie Collection, Philadelphia ; Cook, Richmond Hill, Surrey canvas, H. 6 ;

Gossips, Miss C. L. Wolfe, New York ;

ft. 2 in. x 3 ft. 8 in. The Saint, in grey robe
Cafe Scudder, St. Louis
Pigalle, J. A, ;
and doctor's cap, sitting in a red chair beside
Morning Crocker, San Francisco a table, on which are writing materials and
Visit, C. ;

Song of the Bird, W. B. Bement, Philadel- a crucifix, holds in his left hand a book in
phia Delivering the Despatch, J. M. Fiske, which he is writing.
;
One of Murillo's ear-
New York Dolce far niente, J. C. Eunkle,
;
liest works. Formerly in convent of S. Fran-
New York Day Dreams, A. J. Drexel, Phil-
; cisco, Seville ;
Louis Philippe sale (1853),
adelphia ;
Kitchen Garden, D. O. Mills, .135 Lord Dalling and Bulwer sale (1873),
;

New York; Hocking- Chair, F. Harper, 257. Old copy: Due de Montpensier, Se-
New York Expected Visitor, C. S. Smith,
;
ville. Curtis, 220, 225 ; Ponz, Viage, ix. 99 ;

New York Parrot, Fishing on the Seine,

; G. de Leon, i. 60.

E. L. Cutting, New York. Am. Art Bev. BONDONE. See Giotto.

(1880), 296. BONFIGLI (Buonfiglio), BENEDETTO,
BOLGHARINI. See Bulgarini. born about 1425 (?), died in or after 1496.
BOLOGHINI. See Bulgarini. Umbrian school. Lived in Perugia, where
BOLOGNESE, IL. See Grimaldi. he painted in the Palazzo Communale, in
BOLSENA, MIRACLE OF. See Mass of 1454-G1, a series of frescos illustrating the
Bolsena. legends of St. Louis of Toulouse and St. Er-
BOLTON ABBEY IN OLDEN TIME, colano. These, which are a mixture of Um-
Sir Edwin Landseer, Duke of Devonshire, brian and Florentine character, show the
Chatsworth. The Abbot of Bolton, standing influence of Domenico Veneziano and of
at the entrance of the monastery, is intently Piero della Francesca. It is possible that

reading a letter, which a monk, who stands he may have been Domenico's assistant, and
behind him with a tray of and have worked in company with Piero. The
bottles
frescos were approved by Fra Filippo Lippi,
glasses, is also trying to read over his shoul-
der in foreground, a man sitting on the and Bonfigli was engaged to continue his
;

steps with a dead stag and wild fowl and work, but the series was still unfinished in
two dogs beside him, a girl with a tray of 1496. Though much damaged, these frescos
fish, and a boy with herons on his back, prove him superior to any of the Umbrians

perhaps a tenant's tribute or a present from of his time except Piero della Francesca.
some neighbouring lord. Royal Academy, According to Vasari, Bonfigli followed his
1834. Engraved by Samuel Cousins W. friend and assistant Pinturicchio to Rome and
;

T. Davey. Landseer Gallery. helped him in the decorations of the Vatican,

BOLTRAFFIO. See Bellraffio. but there is no positive evidence of it Other

176
 BONHEUR
examples by him are a Madonna and Saints, Sheep and Heather, J. H. Warren, Hoosac
and parts of an altarpiece, in the Perugia Falls, New York; Sheep-Farm, J. Carey Coale,
Academy. C. & C., Italy, iii. 138; Vasari, Baltimore.
ed. Mil., iii. 505 ed. Le Mon., iv. 149, v. 275,
; BONHEUR, (MARIE) ROSA, born in
vi. 30 Ch. Blanc, Ecole ombrienne.
; Bordeaux, March
BONHEUR, (FRANCOIS) AUGUSTE, 22, 1822. Animal
born in Bordeaux, Nov. 4, 1824, died Feb. painter daughter ;

22, 1884. Landscape and animal painter and pupil of Ray- ;

son and pupil of Raymond B. (died 1853), mond B. began by ;

a meritorious artist. Auguste had little copying in the

success as a genre painter, but as a land- Louvre, afterwards |

scape and animal painter he attained a con- made studies and

siderable reputation. Medals 3d class, 1852, sketches near Par-
:

1857 2d class, 1859 1st class, 1861, 1863 L. is. Her first two
; ; ;

ofHonour, 1867. Works Children in Fields pictures, exhibited

:

(1845); Bath, Happy Mother (1846); Interior at Bordeaux in

of Forest (1852); Gorges of the Gordanne 1841, attracted much attention and were
and of the Puy-Griou (1853) Col de Cabre ;
followed by others which established her
(1855); Souvenir of Brittany (1857); Herd world-wide fame. During the Franco-Prus-
of Cattle in the Pyrenees, Crossing the Ford, sian war her studio and residence were re-

Drinking Place (1859); Arrival at Fair, Meet- spected by special order of the Crown Prince
ing of Two Herds, Leaving the Pasturage of Prussia. Since 1849 she has been director i

(1861) Return from Fair (1865)

; Sleeping of the Paris free School of Design for Young
;

Place (1866) Souvenir of Pyrenees (1867) Girls, which she founded. Elected member
; ;

Environs of Jalleyrac, Shepherd and Sea of Antwerp Institute in 1868. Medals 3d :

(1868), R. L. Cutting, New York Souvenir class, 1845; 1st class, 1848,
;
1855 2d class, ;

of Auvergne (1874); Before the Rain (1875). 1867; L. of Honour, 1865 Leopold Cross, ;

Other works in the United States: Normandy 1880 Commander's Cross of Royal Order of ;

Cattle,James H. Stebbins, New York; Sheep Isabella the Catholic, 1880. Works Two :

and Shepherdess, R. G. Dun, New York Rabbits, Goats and Ram (1841); Horse for ;
:

Cattle at Fontainebleau, H. Probasco, Cin- Sale, Grazing Cow, Cattle at Pasture, Twelve
!

'

cinnati Le Berger et la Mer, R. L. Cutting, Cattle pieces (1845)

;
Herd (1848) Plouyh- ; ;

New York Cattle, H. C. Gibson, Philadel- ing in the Nivernais (1849), Luxembourg
; i

phia; Environs of Fontainebleau, Mrs. A. Museum; Horse Fair (1853); Hay Harvest in
T. Stewart, New York. Larousse. :

Auvergne (1855) Mare, Rain on the Sea-

;

BONHEUR, JULIETTE (Mme. Peyrol), shore, Shepherd in Beam, Ponies from the
born in Paris, AnimalJuly 19, 1830. Isle of Skye, Scotch Shepherd (1867); Paint-

painter daughter and; pupil of Raymond er (1868) Sheep at Pasture (1871); Forest
;

B. assistant of her sister Rosa in the free

;
of Fontainebleau (1873); Meadow near Fon-
School of Design in Paris. Medal at the tainebleau, Monarch of the Glen, Pack of
Exhibition of 1855. Works Flock of Geese;
: Wild Boars (1879); Foraging Party, On the
Sheep Lying Down (1875); The Pool, Moth- Alert (1881); Lion at Home (1882)! Works
er's Kiss (1878) ;
Corner of the Meadow, in United States Study of Hound,
: Wean-
Waste Lands of Beauregard (1879) ;
Pond ing the Calves, Miss C. L. Wolfe, New
with Willows, Meadow (1880); Stray Cow, York Rendezvous de Chasse, Shepherd and ;

Road at Magny les Hameaux (1881); Cattle Flock, August Belmont, New York Ready ;

in a Meadow (1882); Two Good Neighbours, for Market, James H. Stebbins, New York ;

Sheep on a Plain (1883); Inn Stable (1884); The Old Monarch, Noonday Repose, Ready
m
 BOMFAZIO
for the Hunt, Flock of Sheep, W. H. Vander- BONIFAZIO VERONESE, the younger,
bilt, New York Sheep Scotch Landscape,
; born in Verona about 1490, died in Venice,

Pyrenees Landscape and Sheep, W. Rocke- Oct. 19, 1533. Venetian school ;
near rela-
feller, New York Landscape with Sheep, T.
; tive,perhaps brother, of the above. Pupil
R. Butler, New York; Scotch Sheep, Mrs. of Palma Vecchio, but close imitator of
Paran Stevens, New York; Horse Fair, Mrs. A. Bonifazio the elder, with whom he painted
T. Stewart, New York Cattle and Dog, H. ; many pictures. Works Supper at Emmaus,
:

Probasco, Cincinnati; Sheep, A. E. Head, San Brera, Milan ; Christ and the Apostles,
Francisco; Scotch Cattle, J. T. Martin, Brook- Christ enthroned with David and SS. Mark,
lyn; Maternal Solicitude (1845), L. Tucker- Louis, Dominic and Anna (1530), Venice
man, New York; Deer in Fontainebleau, Mrs. Academy Christ in the Temple, Palazzo ;

R. L. Stuart, New York Sheep, D. O. Mills, Pitti, Florence Supper at Emmaus, Uffizi
; ;

New York Highland Sheep, H. C. Gibson, (attributed to Palma); Prodigal Son, Bor-
;

Philadelphia The Conversation (1858), An- ghese Gallery, Rome Adoration of Shep-
; ;

dalusian Bulls (1867), W. T. Walters, Balti- herds (attributed to Palma), Virgin and
more Cavaliers caught in a Shower, Samuel Child with Saints, Dresden Gallery. Ler-
;

Hawk Collection, New York. Meyer,Gesch., molieff, 215, 221 Morelli (Richter), 184 ; ;

761; Mttller, 64 ; Larousse ; Portfolio (1875), Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 543.

98; Hamerton, French Painters; Montrosier, BONINGTON, RICHARD PARKES,
Artistes modernes. Century (1884), xxviii. born atArnold,
833. near Nottingham,
BONIFAZIO BEMBO. See Bembo. Oct. 25, 1801, died
BONIFAZIO VENEZIANO, born in in London, Sept.
Venice, flourished 1555-1579. Venetian 23, 1828. His
school probably son of Bonifazio the elder
; father, a poor por-
or younger. Works SS. Jerome and Mar- :
trait painter, took
garet, SS.Bruno and Catherine, SS. Barna- him, when only
bas and Sylvester, SS. Anthony and Mark fifteen years old,

(1562), Madonna in Glory with Saints, Ven- to Paris, where

ice Academy. Lermoheff, 215 ;
Morelli the boy procured
(Richter), 178, 184. permission to copy in the Louvre. He be-
BONIFAZIO VERONESE, came a student in the cole des Beaux Arts,
the elder,
born in Verona about 1490, died in 1540. and in 1819 entered the studio of Baron
Venetian school pupil of Palma Vecchio, Gros. After obtaining a considerable repu-
;

but closely imitated Titian. Forms clear tation in Paris and winning the gold medal
and rounded ; lights and shadows distinct ; (1824) for a marine subject, he went to Ven-
for colour one of the first Venetian masters. ice and painted there some elaborate pict-
Works Madonna with Saints (attributed to ures both in oil and water colours, which
:

Palma), Casa Andreossi, Milan John, won him fame and many commissions in
; St.
St. Joseph, etc., Ambrogian Library, Milan England, but his promising career was cut
(attributed to Giorgione); Holy Family and short by death, the result of a sunstroke.
Saints, Palazzo Colonna, Rome do. (1533), Though he painted chiefly landscape and
;

Palazzo Ducale, Venice do., Palazzo Pitti, marine views, he also executed
; figure sub-
Florence (attributed by C. & C. to a Trevi- jects with much skill, and his influence on
san) Finding of Moses, Dresden Gallery.
; the French school of genre and dramatic art
Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 543 Lermolieff, 215 was great. Works Column of St. Mark in
; ;
:

Morelli (Richter), 184 Ridolfi, L 369 Venice, National Gallery, London

; Henri
; ;

Liibke, Gesch. ital Mai, ii. 565. IV. and the Spanish Ambassador, Collection

178
 BONXAT
of Sir Richard Wallace ;
Francis I. and the phia ;
Arab plucking Thorn from his Foot,
Duchesse d'Etaiupes, Park of Versailles, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York. Among his
Louvre. Ch. Blanc, cole anglaise ;
Cat portraits are M. Thiers (1877), Victor Hugo
:

Nat Gal.; Cunningham; Art Journal (1858), (1879), Presi-

137. dent Gr6vy
BONNAT, LEON (JOSEPH FLOREN- (1880), Leon
TIN), born at Ba- Cogniet (1881, Luxembourg), Hon. L. P.
yonne, in 1833. Morton (1883). Gaz. des B. Arts (1881),
Genre and portrait xxiv. 32 Menard Portfolio, 1875.
; ;

painter ; pupil in BONNEFOND, JEAN CLAUDE, born in

Madrid of F. de Lyons, about 1790, died there, June 27,
Madrazo and in 1860. Genre painter pupil of Revoil won ; ;

Paris of Leon Co- the prize in Lyons school of art in

first

guiet also studied

; 1813 then went to Paris and afterward to
;

four years in Italy, Italy. Succeeded Revoil in 1831 as direc-

where he painted tor of the Lyons school of art Medals :

many small pictures 2d class, 1817 1st class, 1827 L. of Hon-

; ;

of Italian life, for our, 1834Corresponding Member of Insti-

;

which he is best known. Has painted sev- tute, 1854. Works: Bed-Chamber, Little
eral religious pictures for the Government. Savoyards (1817); Poultry Merchant, Blind
Second grand prix, 1858 ;
medals 2d class,
:
Man*(1819); Blacksmith (1822), B. Deles-
1801, 1863, and 1869; of honour, 1869; sert Return of Little Savoyards, Country
;

L. of Honour, 1867 Officer, 1874 Com-

; ; Scene in Spain, Room to Let (1824), Lyons
mander, 1882 Member of Institute. Works
;
: Museum Tired Pilgrim Woman helped by
;

Good Samaritan (1859); Adam and Eve Monks, Shepherds and Shepherdesses in
finding the Body of Abel (1860), Lille Mu- Roman Canipagna (1827) Ceremony of ;

seum ;
Mariuccia
(1861); Pasqua Maria, Holy Water in a Greek Church (1831),
Martyrdom of St. Andrew (1863); Pilgrims Lyons Museum Wounded Pilgrim Woman, ;

at Foot of Statue of St. Peter (1864); Italian Greek Officer wounded in Ruins of Misso-

Boy Begging (1864); Antigone leading her longhi, Christ on the Cross, Court-House,
Blind Father (1865); Neapolitan Peasants Lyons; Roman Gleaner, Vow to the Ma-
at the Farnese Palace (1866); St. Vincent donna. Larousse.
de Paul taking the Place of a Galley-Slave BONNEFOY, HENRY, born at Bou-
(1866); First Steps of Childhood, Tender- logne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) ; contempo-
ness, Fellah Woman, Street in Jerusalem rary. Landscape painter ; pupil of Leon
(1870), Assumption (1869); Sheikhs of Aka- Cogniet. Medals 3d class, 1880 ; 2d class, :

bah, Woman of Ustaritz (1872); Turkish 1884. Works June in Denmark, Monsieur,
:

Barber, Sherzo (1873); Christ on the Cross Madame etBebe (1880); Delinquents, Octo-
(1874); Negro Barber, Wrestling of Jacob ber Evening (1881); Playing Truant, The
(1876); Job (1880) Martyrdom of St. Denis
; Ox and the Frog (1882) In the Woods ;

(1885). Works in United States: Girl of (1883); September Morning, June in the
Albano at Fountain, Misa C. L. Wolfe, New Wood (1884); Derriere 1'Oreille, On the
York ;
Italian Girl, August Belmont, New Border of the Pool (1885).
York ;
Roman Girl, W. Rockefeller, New BONNEGRACE, CHARLES ADOLPHE,
York ;
Don't Cry, J. J. Astor, New York ; born at Toulon, April 2, 1812, died in 1882.
Little Contadiua, J. A. Brown, Providence History and portrait painter pupil of Baron
; ;

Elder Sister, H. P. Kidder, Boston Italian Groa Medals: 3d class, 1839 2d class, 1842
; ; ;

Mother and Child, H. C. Gibson, Philadel- L. of Honour, lbG7. Works : St Peter in

1T9
 BONONE
Prison (1839) ;
Christ in the Tomb (1840); Academy, Mantua ;
Portrait of a Venetian
St. Laurence the Martyr (1853), ordered by Senator, National Gallery (1487), London ;
State; Christ among the Doctors (1855), Madonna and Saints, Sir A. H. Layard, Lon-
Toulon Museum; Manna in the Desert don ;
and Christ carrying his Cross, Doria
(1861), St. Louis en He Daphnis and Chloe; Gallery, Rome. In his last style are Vision :

(1857); Cupid and Psyche (1859) Modesty ;

of Christ to the Nun Ozanna, Mantua Mu-

conquered by Love (1861), ordered by Em- seum and Madonna between Saints, chapel ;

peror; Birth of Venus (1875). Portraits of of S. Biagio, church of SS. Nazaroe Celso,
Anatole de la Forge, Theophile Gautier, Verona, painted in 1514-19. C. & C., N.

George Feydeau, Count Flahault, Mme. Italy, i. 474 Ch. Blanc, cole lombarde ; ;

Grisi, of himself (1873). Larousse. Bernasconi, 250 ; Ltlbke, Gesch. ital. Mai.,
BONONE, CARLO, born in Ferrara, in i. 480.

1569, died there, Sept. 3, 1632. Lombard BONVICINO, ALESSANDRO. See Mo-
school ; pupil of Giuseppe Mazzuoli, and retto.

at first followed his manner ; but after visit- BONVIN, FRANgOIS SAINT, born at

ing Bologna and Home adopted the style of Vaugirard, near Paris, Sept. 22, 1817.
the Caracci so successfully that he was Genre painter self taught studied Dutch ; ;

called the Caracci of Ferrara. In his painters in the Louvre, then painted sub-
larger works he resembles Paolo Veronese, jects from the life of the working classes of
whose pictures he studied in Venice. He Paris. Medals 3d class, 1849 2d class, :
;

was a rival, all life, of Ippolito Scarsella.

his 1851 ; L. of Honour, 1870. Works Ave :

Many of his works are in the churches of Maria, The Cook, The Piano, Men Drinking
Ferrai'a, e.g., Patriarchs and Prophets in (1849); Orphans' School (1850), Laugres
the Choir of S. M. in Vado ; Marriage at Museum; Woman Knitting (1851); Charity
Cana, Ateneo Arisen Christ and Saints, S.
; (1852), Niort Museum Class of Little Ones
;

Benedetto. Burckhardt, 786, 797 Lanzi, ; (1852); Regimental School (1853), ordered
iii. 214 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole ferraraise. by State ; Woman Reading (1853) Nuns ;

BONSIGNOEI, FRANCESCO DI AL- Knitting, Low Mass, belongs to State ; A

BERTO, born in Verona, in 1455, died Cook (1855); The Blacksmith (1857), bought
at Caldiera, near Verona, July 2, 1519. by State ; Letter of Recommendation, or-
Lombard brought up in the Ver- dered by State The Gossip, The Reader
school ; ;

onese school, he came under the influ- (1859) Interior of Wine-Shop (1861), ;

ence of Mantegna at Mantua after he had bought by State ; Nuns returning from
formed a manner of his own, and acquired Church, bought by State Copper Fountain, ;

such proficiency that the Marquis Francesco Apprentice's Breakfast (1863); Attributes of
Gonzaga gave him in 1487 a house and a Painting and Music, Poor Bench (1865);
salary, and retained him in his service until Grandmother's Coffee (1866); Clergy dis-
his death. He painted history, portraits, tributing Food, Old Woman Reading (1867);
and animals was called the Letter
architecture, ;
of Introduction, Frying Herring
modern Zeuxis. His earlier style is more (1868) Nun Knitting, Young Designer ;

like that of Montagna, or of Buonconsi- (1869); Ave Maria, Morning in the Pasture
glio, than that of Mantegna, but at the close (1870) ; The Refectory, The Laboratory

(1873); The Alembic, The Pig, School-Boy

of the 15th century he had become an imi-
tator of Mantegna. Still later he shows the kept in (1875) ; Gravesend, Abandoned Boat
influence of His second (1876); A Thatcher who has fallen (1877)
Lorenzo Costa. ;

manner is and Shoemaker's Apprentice, Autumn Evening

well illustrated in St. Louis
St. Bernardino, Brera, Milan St. Sebastian, at Port Marlyt (1878)
; During Vacation ;

S. M. delle Grazie, Mantua; March to Calvary, (1879); Corner in a Church (1880).

180
 BOONEN
BOONEN, ARNOLD VAN, born at Dor- works of
\
Giorgione, whom he imitated
drecht, in 1669, died in 1729. Dutch school; rather than Titian. He excelled especially
portrait and genre painter pupil of Gott- in portraits, his
;

fried Schalken, imitating the latter in his heads being

subjects taken by candle-light. He painted inferior only to
life-size portraits at some of the German those of Titian.
courts. His younger brother, Jasper Boon- His flesh tints
en (1677-1729), and his son Kasper Boon- are wonderful-
en, were por-- ly brilliant, but
trait paint-- A l^\ \
in taste and
ers.Works: :
/\Jf J J quality of touch
Young Wom- he was inferior
an with Lantern (1695), six others, Dres- to either Titian
den Gallery Anchorite Reading (1695),
; or Paolo Vero-
Brunswick Gallery. Gool, i. 294. nese. His landscape backgrounds are gen-
j

BOOTHBY, PENELOPE, Sir Joshua erally classical and elegant. In 1538 he

Reynolds, Earl of Dudley ; canvas. A little ; went to Paris, at the invitation of Francis
I.,

girl in a large mob cap, seated out-of-doors. or, as some say, in 1559, at that of Francis
Sometimes called tho Mob Cap. Painted in IL, and painted the principal personages of
1788 ; sold in 1851 to B. G. Windus for the court. The most important of his works
290 guineas bought at his sale (1859) are: The Fisherman presenting the Ring
;

by Lord Ward for 1100 guineas. Engraved of St. Mark to the Doge, and the Tiburtine
by Thomas Park (1789); T. Kirk S. Cous- Sibyl, Venice Academy Baptism of Christ,
; ;

ins lithographed in Portfolio. Portfolio Brera, Milan Altarpiece and Madonna and
; ;

(1873), 136 (1876), 145 Athenamm, Aug., Saints, Berlin Museum

; ; Diana, Apollo, and ;

1874, 185 Dec., 1874, 758.

;
Marsyas, Dresden Gallery Madonna and ;

BOOTT, ELIZABETH, born in Cam- Saints, Hermitage, St. Petersburg Daphnia ;

bridge, Mass. contemporary. Figure paint- and Chloe, National Gallery, London. There
;

er pupil of W. M. Hunt, of Duveneck, and

;

in Paris of Couture.
Works: Head of a Tuscan
Studio in Boston.
Ox (1876); Old O .PARIS -B-
Man Reading (1878); Old Roman Peasant, are portraits by Bordone
Girl with Cat (1879); Almond Blossoms, in the Uffizi and Pitti,
Still-Life (1882); Pyrus Japonica (1883). Florence and in the Lou- ;

BORDES, ERNEST DOMINIQUE, born vre, Munich, Vienna, and

at Pau, France contemporary. ; History othergalleries. Ch. Blanc,
and genre painter pupil of Bonnat and ficole venitienne; Seguier, 23; Siret, 119;
;

Cormon. Medal 3d class, 1884. Works Vasari, ed. Le Mon., vii. 82, ix. 143, xiii.
: :

The Concierge is a Tailor (1881); Malaguu- 47; Burckhardt, 741; Morelli (Richter),
na de Seville (1882) Jour des Cuivres, Breton 195 Ltlbke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 568.
; ;

Woman Spinning (1883); Legend of St. Ju- BORESUM (Borssem, Borssum), ABRA-
lian the Hospitaller (1884); Tide at Cayeux HAM VAN, flourished about 1600. Dutch
(1885). landscape and animal painter, in
school ;

BORDONE, PARIS, born in Treviso, in the manner of A, Cuyp and A. van der
1500, died in Venice, Jan. 19, 1570. Vene- Neer. Clever painter and able colourist,
tian school of a noble family
; pupil of Ti- with a firm;
touch. Works Village by :

tian, under whom he gave promise early Moonlight, Rotterdam Museum ; Pictures
of great ability. Afterward studied the in Van Loon Collection, Amsterdam, and
 BORGOGNONE
Arenberg Gallery, Art Chretien, iii. 184 C. & C., N. Italy, ii.
Brussels. De Stuers, ;

115 ; Burger, Musees, 41 Ch. Blanc, Ecole milanaise

ii. 215. Morelli ; ;

BORGOGNONE, AMBROGIO, born in (Richter), 419 Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. ;

Milan, about 1440-50, flourished from 1485 495.

to 1523, some say but probably
until 1535 ; BORGONA, JUAN DE, died in Toledo,
died at Milan, in 1523. Lombardo-Milanese about 1533.Spanish school enjoyed the ;

school real name Ambrogio Stefani da Fos-

; patronage of Archbishop Ximenes painted ;

sano perhaps pupil of Vincenzo Foppa and

;
i
in 1495-99 in the cloisters of the Cathe-
of Bernardino Zenale. First manner timid dral of Toledo works now destroyed, and
and stiff, and never gained much freedom ;
'in 1508-11 frescos in the winter chap-

painted in tempera and then in oil in the ter room at Toledo, among which were a
method of tempera flat surface in flesh and
; Nativity of the Virgin and a Last Judgment.
drapery, and petty detail in landscape dis- In 1514 he painted the Conquest of Oran
tances. His best work is in the Certosa, Pavia. on the walls of the Muzarabic Chapel, and
Used much gilding in his early pictures, as in in 1519 adorned with frescos the Cathedral
Madonna and Saints, Ambrosian Library, Library. He also painted portraits of all the
Milan do., collection of Count Borromeo,
; Spanish Primates down to Cardinal de Fon-
Milan and a triptych in the National Gal-
;
seca. Stirling, i. 93.

lery, London, where are also his Marriage BORJESSON, AGNES, born in Sweden,
of St. Catherine and two family portrait May 1, 1827. Genre painter pupil of Bok- ;

pieces. The second

Borgognone lund studied then in Paris, and from 1860
style of ;

shows the influence of Leonardo da Vinci. in Dtlsseldorf under W. Sohn travelled ;

Examples are the remains of frescos at afterwards in Italy.

of it Since 1872 member of
S. Satire, Milan (1494-95); a series of small the Stockholm Academy. Works Old :

panels at Lodi ; Coronation of the Virgin, in Reminiscences, Stockholm Museum ; De-

choir, and scenes from the legend of S. Si- parture of the Bridal Pair.
sinius, in portico, of S. Simpliciano, Milan BORRACHOS, LOS (The Topers), or
(1524) Christ after
; his Resurrection and Bacchus, Velasquez, Madrid Museum can- ;

Christ disputing with a Doctor, S. Ambro- vas, H. 5 f i 5 in. x 7 ft. 3 in. Bacchus, half
gio a ceiling in the sacristy of S. M. della nude, crowned with vine leaves, sits on a
;

Passione Madonna with Saints (1485), S. cask and smiles as he places a crown of
;

Eustorgio, Milan. In the Certosa, Pavia, leaves on head of a soldier kneeling before
are the frescos of the apses, and a Crucifix- him on left, a peasant seated, and another ;

ion (1490) ; St. Ambrose and Martyrs St. reclining on bank with a cup in hand on ; ;

Sirus in Majesty with Saints St. Augustin, right, five jovial peasants looking on back-
; ;

and many other works completed before ground, landscape. Painted about 1629 for
1494. Other works are An altarpiece Philip TV. Old copy in Naples Museum.
:

(1508), S. Spirito, Bergamo Assumption Sketches Lord Hey tesbury, Wilts Robert
; :
;

S. Holford, London. Several etchings and

lithographs. Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole ;

Art Journal (1852); Gaz. des B. Arts (1879),

421 Klass. der Malerei Curtis, 17 Ma-
: ; ;

drazo, 596.
BORRAS, Fray NICHOLAS, born at Co-
centayna, in 1530, died at Gaudia, in 1610.
(1522), Brera, Milan ;
Madonna in Adora- Spanish school pupil of Vicente Joanes ;;

tion, Munich Gallery ; do., Dresden Gal- became, in 1575, a monk in the Jeronymite
lery. Calvi, Dei Professori, etc., 245 Rio, convent at Gandia, where he gave most of
;

182
 BORRAS
bis life to its embellishment, covering the invitation of Louis XTV. and painted fres-
walls of its chapels, chapter-house, cloisters, cos in the Louvre and at Vincennes. Re-
and refectories with picturea Many of his turned to Genoa the year of his death.
works in the Museum at Valencia, among Lanzi, iii. 271 ;
Ch. Blanc, ]5cole genoise ;

them a Last Supper, Christ bearing his Soprani, 179.

Cross, Dead Sa- BOSBOOM, JAN, born at The Hague,
_^^
viour in Arms of /} Feb. 18, 1817. Architecture painter; pupil
Van Bree
the Father,
Archangel
and
Mi-
l\f}
Vxt-/ T^TjOiA
s*s^\J
of
Lion, of the Crown
> Knight of the Order of the
of Oak, and of Leopold ;

chael driving Souls to Purgatory. Bermu- medals in Paris (1855) and Philadelphia
dez gives a list of his works. Stirling, i. (1876). Works Franciscan Monks singing :

379 ; Cean Bermudez. Te Deum (1855) ; Holy Communion in

BOREAS Y MOMPO, Don VICENTE, Protestant Church Hall of the Consistory
;

born in Spain contemporary. ;

Historical at Nymwegen ;
Interior of Church at Alk-
genre Medal,
painter.
2d class, Madrid, 1878.
Works Seizure of Riego
:

(1878);Dona Maria Pa-

checo de Padilla (1881) ;

Antonio Perez after Tor-

ture receiving his Family

(1884). La Hustracion
(1881), ii. 299 ; (1884), iL
41.

BORSOS, JOSEF, born

at Veszprim, Hungary,
Dec. 20, 1821. Genre and
still-life painter ; pupil of
Vienna Academy. Works:
Still-life (1850), Vienna
Museum ; Morning after
Masked Ball (1850), Por- Los Borrachos (The Topers), Velasquez, Madrid Museum.
trait ofPrince Eszterhazy,
National Museum, Pesth Surprise (1850), maar ;
Interior of Rotterdam Cathedral ; ;

Wounded Soldier (1853), After the Battle Protestant Church at Amsterdam, Munich
(1853), Austrian Art Union. Wtlrzbach, ii. Gallery"; Tomb of Engelbert H., Le Buffet
78. d'Orgues (1873).
BORZONE, LUCIANO, born in Genoa in BOSCH, ERNST, born at Crefeld, Ger-
;

1590, died there in 1045. Genoese school many, in 1834. Genre painter pupil in
; ;

pupil of his uncle Filippo Bertolotto and of Wesel, of Schex, then in 1851-50 at the
Cesare Corte. Painted some historical pict- Dilsseldorf Academy, under Sohn, Hilde-
ures, but excelled in portraits. Killed by a brandt, and Schadow. Works The Smug- :

fall from a scaffolding in 1'Annunziata, Igler (1854), Ferry in the Ice, Flying Dutch-
Genoa, where he was occupied in painting man, Defence of Log-House against Indians,
a Nativity. His three sons, Gio. Battista Soldier's Serenade, Gipsy Gang, Faithful
(died 1657), Carlo (died 1657), and Fran- Watchman, Grandfather and Grandson,
cesco Maria (born 1626, died 1679), were all The Sick Cow, Rogues' School, Autumn
painters. Francesco M. went to France at Evening (1867), Far-Sighted and Near-

188
 BOSCH
Sighted, Sleeping Savoyard Boy, Tinker, Jan. 23, 1654. history and
Flemish school ;

Old Shepherd (1873), The Poachers, Red portrait painter pupil in Antwerp of Ge-
;

Riding-Hood, Cinderella, the Favourites, rard Zegers, but became afterwards a suc-
Old Shepherd and Granddaughter, Idyl. cessful imitator of Van Dyck, to whom some

Miiller, 67. of his works are attributed ; master of Ant-

BOSCH (Bos), HTERONYMUS
(Hieron- werp guild in 1636, dean in 1650-51 di- ;

ymus van Aeken), born at Bois-le-Duc, be- rector of Academy at Antwerp, 1649. Works :

tween 1460 and 1464, died there in 1516. The Angels announcing to Abraham the
Flemish school history and genre painter; Birth of Isaac, Brussels Museum St. Sebas-
; ;

treated scriptural subjects in a fantastic tian and the Angel, Munich Gallery Mar- ;

and grotesque spirit great brilliancy of riage of St. Catherine, Berh'n Museum (?)
; ;

colour and delicacy of execution. His fame Mary and St. Francis, Nuremberg Museum \
;

spread rapidly over the Netherlands, Italy, Elijah in the Desert, Vienna Museum.
and Spain. Works Adoration of Magi, Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 750 Kramm, i.
:
t
;

Temptation of St. Anthony (3), Fall of An- 134, vi. 1865; Michiels, ix. 71; Rooses
gels, Creation (?), Moral Fantasy, Madrid (Reber), 328.
Museum Christ crowned with Thorns, Va-
; BOSSCHE, BALTHASAR VAN DEN,
lencia Museum Temptation of St. Anthony, born at Antwerp, baptised Jan. 6, 1681,
;

Antwerp Museum Fall of Angels, Brussels died there, Sept. 8, 1715. Flemish school
; ;

Museum Temptation of St. Anthony (2, ?), genre and portrait painter; pupil of Gerard
;

Museum, Vienna Last Judgment, Acad- ;

emy, ib. ; Holy Family, Naples Museum.

Allgem. d. Biog. iii. 184 ; Biog. nat. de Bel-

gique, i. 149 ; Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., i. 90 ;

Michiels, iv. 204 Rooses (Eeber), 75

; W. Thomas. ; Work: Reception of Burgomas-
& W., ii. 528. Guild of Cross-Bowmen (1711),
ter in the
BOSEE, FRIEDRICH, born at Halbau, Antwerp Museum. Cat. du Musee d'Anvers
Silesia, in 1811, died in Dilsseldorf, Jan. (1874), 426.
28, 1881. Genre and portrait painter BOSSHARDT, KASPAR, born at Pfaffi- ;

pupil in 1831-34 of Dresden, then, till 1836, kon, Switzerland, in 1823.

History painter ;

of the Berlin Academy, and, till 1841, of pupil of Dtisseldorf Academy under Scha-
the Diisseldorf Academy. Works Egmont dow and Schirmer paints chiefly subjects
:
;

and Clara, Faust and Gretchen, Present to from local history. Studio in Munich.
the Bride, Brother Sleeps, Wendish Girls at Works Halwyl of Bern before Battle of :

Church, Little Flower-Girl, Girl Knitting, Murten (1868), Basle Museum Death of ;

The Widow, Poor's Box, The Redeemer Sickingen,Wengi of Solothurn placing him-
(1870) ; Shooting at the Shawfowl, Looking self before a Cannon, Confederate Woman
at the Pictures, Mr. Booker, New York. in Suabian War, The Favourite, Politicians
Kunst-Chronik, xvi. 343 Meyer, Conv. Lex. in the Monastery (1879).
; Kunst-Chronik,
(1874), iii. 550 ; Wolfgang Miiller, Diissel- iii. 66 ; Miiller, 68.
dorf K., 291. BOSSUET, FRANCOIS, born at Ypres,
BOSSCHAERT (Bossaert), THOMAS East Flanders, Aug. 20, 1800. Architecture
WILLEBRORD, called Willeborts, born at painter pupil of Brussels Academy ; trav-
;

Bergen-op-Zoom, in 1613, died in Antwerp, elled in the Netherlands, Germany, France,

184
 BOTH
Spain, and North Africa. Professor at hagen Gallery
Baptism of the Eunuch, ;

Brussels Academy. Member Buckingham Palace, London

of Rotterdam Landscape ;

and Philadelphia Academies. Officer of Order with Muleteers do. with figures (by Poe- ;

of Leopold; Portuguese Order of Isabella the lenburg) rep-

Catholic. Works : Seville Cathedral (1855), resenting
St. Amand Abbey Rouen, Brussels Muse- Judgment of
at
um ;
Ruins of Moorish Bridge, Li6ge Muse- Paris, and
um ; Gate of Justice at the Alhambra, MODS others, National Gallery, London; Land-
Museum Market Halls at Ypres, Ypres New York
scape,
f
;

Museum ;
Lions' Court of the Alhambra, 17[\ Museum. Ch.
Court of Honour of the Alcazar at Seville,
Andalusian Landscape
^"^ / QJ*()
*^TAJ
Blanc, Ecole hol-
landaise ; Cat du
Stuttgart Gallery ;

(1847), Giralda Procession at Seville (1853), Musee d'Anvers (1874), 62 ; Havard, A. &
National Gallery, Berlin ; Roman Aqueduct A., iv.171 ; Riegel, Beitrage, ii. 366.
at Seville, Philadelphia Museum. La- BOTTALLA, GIOVANNI MARIA, called
rousse, ii. 1027. born at Savona, in 1613, died in
Raffaellino,
BOTH, JAN, called the Italian, born at Milan, in 1644. Genoese school patro- ;

Utrecht, in nized by Cardinal Giulio Sacchetti, who

1610, died placed him at Rome in the studio of Pietro
there after da Cortona. Sacchetti called him Raffael-
1650. Dutch lino from his happy imitation of Raphael ;

school. Jan but his style is rather that of Pietro, who is

and his broth- said to have dismissed him and Francesco
er Andries Rornanelli,for endeavouring to supplant
having learned him. Afterwards painted in Naples and in
the elements Genoa. His Meeting of Jacob and Esau is
of painting in the Capitol Gallery, Rome. Lanzi, iii.

from their fa- 276; Ch. Blanc, ficole genoise; Soprani, 161.
ther, Dirck, glass painter, were apprenticed BOTTCHER, CHRISTIAN (EDUARD),
by him to Abraham Bloemart. The broth- born at Imgenbroich, Rhine province, Dec.
ers travelled in France and Italy. At Rome, 9, 1818. Genre and landscape painter ;

Jan imitated the style of Claude Lorraiu and Academy under Hilde-
pupil of Diisseldorf
painted some excellent landscapes, in which brandt and Schadow. Since 1872 professor
Andries, who followed the manner of Van in Academy. Works Release of Prisoner
:

Laar, introduced figures and animals. It is (1848); Schoolmaster and Village Youths
said that Jan, after his brother was drowned Rhenish Village Youths (1856);
(1852);
at Venice, returned to Utrecht and died
Evening on the Rhine (1860); Rhenish
of grief soon after. But doubt is thrown
Harvest (1861); Summer-Night on the
upon this story by the signature of Jan, Rhine (1872), Cologne Museum Evening ;

when dean of the guild in 1649 he had re- in Black Forest (1863), Leipsic Museum
; ;

turned to Utrecht in 1644. Works Eight Starting for the Vintage (1867); Hay-Har-
:

landscapes, Madrid Museum; two, Louvre vest on the Lahn, Villa on the Rhine, Mar-
;

do., Hague Museum four, National Mu- ket-Well in Rhenish City (1870); Return
;

seum, Amsterdam; two, Rotterdam Muse- from the Fields (1872); Sunday on the
um one, Antwerp Museum do., Brussels Rhine (1875). Wolfg. Mttller, 69; Dus-
; ;

Museum do., Brunswick Museum five, seldorf K., 257 Wiegmann, 326.
; ; ;

Dresden Museum; one (1650), Berlin Mu- BOTTICELLI, ALESSANDRO (Sandro),

seum ; do., Munich Gallery ; two, Copen- born in Florence, in 1446, died there,

185
 BOUCHER
May 17, 1510. Florentine school; Mantegna, Palazzo Adorno, Genoa ;
real uted to
name Alessandro di Mariano but Triumph of Chastity, Turin Gallery Judith,
Filipepi, ;

took nameofBot- Holofernes found by his Sdldiers, Adoration

ticelli from his of Magi, Uffizi, Florence Coronation of
;

master, a gold- the Virgin, S. Jacopo di Ripoli, Florence ;

smith, to whom Coronation of the Virgin, Florence Academy

he was appren- (1481-84); Madonnas, Pitti and Corsini Gal-
ticed. Studied leries, Florence, National Gallery, London,

painting with Fra and Louvre, Paris Portraits, the Bella

;

Filippo Lippi, at Simonetta, Pitti, portrait of a man, attrib-

whose death uted to Masaccio, Palazzo Corsini, Florence,
(1469) he was, and of Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Berlin Pieta, ;

says Vasari, the best master in Florence. He Munich; Nude Venus, Berlin; Nativity, Mars
is the only contemporary whom Leonardo and Venus, Venus
Reclining, Assumption, Na-
da Vinci mentions by name in his treatise tional Gallery, London; Adoration of the
on painting. The grace, sympathetic feel- Magi, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Whether
ing, and imaginative quality of Sandro's Botticelli engraved any of the so-called play-
work give it a greater hold upon the mind ing cards which he designed is uncertain,
j

than that of many painters who surpassed but probably they, as well as his illustrations
him in technical knowledge and in feeling to the edition of
for beauty. Student and illustrator of Dante with Lan-
Dante, a reader of Boccaccio, with a taste dini's Commen-
for classical mythology, and of a serious turn
tary (1481), were
of mind which brought him under the influ- engraved by Baldini. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii.
ence of Savonarola, in the latter part of his 309 C. & C., Italy, ii. 413 Pater, Studies
; ;

life, this painter poet worked with genuine in the History of the Renaissance, 38; Burck-

freshness of feeling. His art is always re- hardt, 544 Dohme, 2i Ldbke, Gesch. ital.
; ;

fined and elevated, though not altogether Mai., i. 350.

free from a na'ive mannerism whose quaint- BOUCHER, FRANCOIS, born in Paris,
ness gives it a peculiar charm. As an ex- Sept. 29, 1703,
ample of his Lippesque manner see the died there, May
Madonna with Angels, Uffizi, painted about 30, 1770. French
1480, to which year belongs the fresco of school history ;

St. Jerome, Ognissanti, Florence. The and genre paint-

Adoration of the Magi, and the Fortitude, er, mostly self-
Uffizi, show the influence of Pollajuolo, who taught attended ;

painted the series of Virtues to which the three months the

latter belongs, an influence which is also school of Le

perceptible in the Calumny of Apelles, and Moine, then em-

the Birth of Venus, Uffizi. The Allegory of ployed in draw-
Spring, Florence Academy, illustrates the ing for engravers from his own compo-
poetic side of Botticelli's art. Before 1484 sitions or Wattelet's. In 1723 he obtained
he was called to Rome by Sixtus IV., and the first prize at the Academy and later went
painted the frescos of the destruction of to Rome with Carle van Loo. Returning to
Korah, Dathan, and Abiram Moses smit- Paris in 1731, was received into the Acade-
;

ing the Egyptian at the Well; and the my in 1734, became professor in 1737, di-
Temptation of Christ, Sistine Chapel. rector in 1765, and after the death of Carle
Other works are four small pictures attrib- van Loo was appointed first painter to the
]

1S6
 BOUCIIOT

king. He painted many mythological and court, i. 177, ii. 510 ; Mantz, Fr. Boucher
religious subjects, landscapes, animals, theat- (Paris, 1880) ; Ch. Blanc, ficole francaise ;

rical decorations, wall and ceiling decora- Houssaye Gal., iii. 129 Portfolio (1872), 34 ; ;

tions, besides making about 10,000 drawings. Gaz. des B. Arts (1874), x. 496.
Works Venus demanding Arms of Vulcan
: BOUCHOT, FRAN(;OIS, born in Paris,
(1732), Rinaldo and Armida (1734), Diana 'Nov. 29, 1800, died there, Feb. 7, 1842.

leaving the Bath (1742), Vulcan giving Arms French school history painter, pupil of ;

to Venus (1757), Vertumnus and Pomona Regnault and Lethiere won the grand prix ;

(1763), Cephalus and Aurora (1768), Jupiter de Rome in 1824 and then studied for ;

and Callisto, Rape of Europa, Venus asking seven years in Rome and Naples, during
Vulcan for Arms, Neptune and Amymone, which period he sent several noteworthy
Amynthus freeing Sylvia, The Goal and four compositions to Paris. Works Battle of |
:

landscapes, Louvre Reunion of the Arts, Zurich in 1799, Versailles Museum ; Funeral
;
'

Angers Museum Aurora and Cephalus, of Gen. Marceau, Mairie, Chartres ; Intoxi-
;

Nancy Museum; Painting, Sileuus Drunk, cation of Silenus, Lille Museum Magdalen ;

Lille Museum Mercury entrusting the In- under the Cross, Madeleine Church, Paris
; ;

fant Bacchus to the Nymphs of Mt. Nisa, Portraits of Gen. Jaubert, of Lablache, of
Caen Museum Amorous Gardener, Educa- Grisi, etc. Ch. Blanc, cole franyaise.
;

tion of a Dog, Nimes Museum Cupids and BOUDEWYNS (Bauduins), ADRIAEN

;

Flowers, Nude Women Reclining, Toulon FRANS, baptised in Brussels, Oct. 3, 1644,
Museum Shepherd and Shepherdess, Bor-
; I
died there about 1700. Flemish school ;

deaux Museum Pan and Syrinx, National ; landscape painter, pupil of Ignatius van der
Gallery, London ; Venus and Adonis, Barker Stock admitted to guild, Brussels, in 1665.
;

Collection Young Mother Resting, Due

;
About 1670 he went to France in 1677, ;

d'Aumale Leda, Douglas Collection Por-

; ;
,
had returned to Brussels. Painted many
trait of Mme. de Pompadour, M. Henri Di- small landscapes with figures and animals
dier do., National Gallery, Edinburgh
; ; by Pieter Bout. Works :
Landscapes (9),

Madonna, M. Hollond three mythological ;

Madrid Museum Fish Market at Antwerp,
;

subjects, Stevens Collection ; Re- Louvre, Paris Woman i

; Village Market (1686), Ant-

clining, several mythological subjects, Nar- werp Museum ; Landscape with Figures and
vaez Collection ; Woman
with Straw Hat, Cattle, Rotterdam Museum ;
Fish Market,
Chevalier Collection, Paris ; Sunrise, Sunset, Fruit Market, Stockholm Museum; Southern
Lord Hertford The Kiss, Egmont-Masse Strand View, Brunswick Museum Convent
; ;

Collection Venus (1746), The Toi- Gate with Beggars, nine others, Dresden
; Toilet of
let (1746), Are they thinking of Grapes? Gallery Landscapes (2), Museum, Vienna ; ;

(1747), Leda and Swan, Venus and Graces do. (8), Liechtenstein Gallery, ib.; do. (3),
Bathing, Triumph of Galatea or Birth of Uffizi, Florence others iu Stuttgart, Des- ;

Venus (1740), Stockholm Museum Venus sau, and Wdrlitz Galleries. Biog. nat. de
;

and Cupid, Berlin Museum Peace and Belgique, ii. 788 Cat. du Musee d'Anvers
; ;

(1874), 63 ; Jal, 127

Journal des B. Arts ;

(1869), 35; Meyer, Ktlnst. Lex., iii. 139;

Michiels, ix. 335.
at Honfleur BOUDIN, EUGfcNE, born
Marine painter. j
'
(Calvados); contemporary.
War, Boston Museum of Fine Arts Res- Medals: 3d class, 1881 ;2d class, 1883. Works:
;

cue of Arion, New York Museum Voluptu- Fishing (1880) The Meuse at Rotterdam
; ;

ary, Winter Scene, Historical Society, New (1881); On the Meuse (1882) L'Entrce, La ;

York. Villot, Cat Louvre Dohme, 3; Gou- Sortie (1883); Low Tide, High Tide (1884);
;

187
 BOUGH
Getting under Sail, (1885). Works in United
The Meuse before Dor- Salmon-Fishing
drecht (1885). Dismal Swamp, August Belmont, States :

BOUGH, SAMUEL, born at Carlisle, New York Idyl, Samuel Hawk Collection, ;

Scotland, in 1822, died in Edinburgh, Nov. New York Pride and Humility, Break, ;

1878. Landscape painter, self-taught; re- Break, Break, Peasant Interior Brittany, J.
moved to Edinburgh in 1855 A.R.S.A. in H. Warren, Hoosac Falls, N. Y.; Widow's
;

1857, R.S.A. in 1875. Works Shipbuilding Garden, Th. B. Clark, New York
:
Gipsy ;

on the Clyde Kirkwall ; London from Children,

;
G. Dun, New York Indian R ;

Shooter's Hill ;
St. Monaw's Winton
; Castle; Summer, R C. Taft, Providence; Girl's
Ben Nevis. Head, Duel from
J. A. Brown, Providence ;

BOUGHTON, GEORGE HENRY, born " Twelfth Night," J. Carey Coale, Baltimore ;

near Norwich, Winter, C. H. Wolff, Philadelphia March ;

England, in 1834. of Miles Standish (1869), Going to Seek his

Genre painter Fortune, G. Whitney, ib.
;
Puritan Soldier, ;

taken when three J. G. Fell, ib.; Skipper's Watch, W. B. Be-

years old to Am- ment, ib.; Fisher Girl, H. G. Marquand,
erica by his par- New York Flower Girl, J. P. Morgan, New ;

ents, who settled York Spring Return of the Swallows,

;

in Albany, N. Y. Autumn Departure of the Swallows, Win-

Self-taught ;
i n ter Dead Swallows, M. K. Jessup, New
1853 made a York Puritans going to Church (1867), ;

\ f x#^ sketching tour Winter Scene near Albany, Normandy Girl,

through the Eng- Mrs. R. L. Stuart, New York Queen Mary, ;

lish Lake country, Scotland, and Ireland. In Wife Going to Church,

of the Conqueror,
1858 he removed from Albany to New York, C. P. Huntington, New York Rosamond's ;

two years later went to Paris, and in 186 1 fixed Poisoner, F. Harper, New York Enoch ;

his residence in London, where he has since Arden and Annie Lee, End of Maying,
remained. His Passing into the Shade, ex- Leaving Home, Down by the River, The
hibited at British Institution, and his Through Waif, Puritan Maiden going to Church,
the Fields and Hop-Pickers Returning, Roy- Edict of William the Testy (original study),
j

al Academy, 1863, attracted considerable at- C. S. Smith, New York Return of the May- ;

tention. Elected N.A. in 1871 and A.R.A. flower, F. Rogers, Philadelphia Waning ;

in 1879. His works are popular, and many Honeymoon, Venus and Adonis, W.T.Walters,
of them have been engraved. Works Last Baltimore Comin' through the Rye, L.
:
,
;

of the Mayflower, Breton Pastoral (1868) Tuckerman, New York Edict of William the
; ;

Age of Gallantry (1870); Colder than Snow, Testy (1877), Corcoran Gallery, Washing-
I

Chapter from Pamela (1871); Heir Presump- ton. Art Journal (1873), 41; Meynell, 21;
|

tive (1873) ; Canterbury Pilgrims (1874) ;

Portfolio (1871), 67.

Grey Days, Bearers of the Burden (1875) BOUGUEREAU, (WILLIAM) ADOLPHE, ;

Homeward, Snow in Spring (1877); Priscilla, born at La Rochelle, Nov. 30, 1825. French
I

Widow's Acre, Restiug-Place (1879) Evan- school history and genre painter pupil of
; ; ;

geline, Omnia Vincit Amor (1880) Rose Picot, and from 1843 of Ecole des Beaux
;

Standish, Dutch Seaside Resort, Island of Arts. Won the grand prix de Rome in 1850,
Murken Zuyder Zee (1881); Burgomaster's and while a pensioner in that city sent sev-
Daughter, Weeders of the Pavement, eral pictures to Paris which were much ad-
Autumnal Ramble by the Spey (1882); mired. On his return to Paris he was en-
Peace-maker, Sacred Mistletoe (1883) Mil- trusted with important decorative works in
;

ton visited by Andrew Marvell, On the Spey, public buildings, and in 1866 painted Apollo

1S8
 BOUILLON
and the Muses in the foyer of the theatre at Family, T. Wigglesworth, Boston Tambou- | ;

Bordeaux. Medals 2d class, 1855; 1st class, riue Girl, H. P. Kidder, Boston La llosit-re, ;

1857; 3d class, J. Carey Coale, Baltimore

Oranges, D. T. :

1867; of honour, Buzby, Baltimore Italian Mother and Chil- ;

1878, 1885 L. of ; dren, Hurlbut Collection, Cleveland Little ;

Honour, 1859; Reader, H. V. Newcombe, New York Guar- ;

Officer, 1876; dian Angel, Young Bohemians, H. L. Dous-

Member of Insti- man, Si Louis Elder Sister, J. J. OTallon, ;

tute, 1876. St. Louis Purloining the Grapes, L. Stan- ;

Works Martyr's :
ford, San Francisco Pensive, L M. Scott, ;

Triumph (1854), San Francisco Two Portraits, A. Head, ;

R
Philomela and San Francisco Persuasion of Marguerite, ;

Procne (1861), Mrs. D. D. Colton, San Francisco Little ;

Madonna of Con- Marauders, E. B. Warren, Philadelphia ;

solation (1874), Birth of Venus (1879), Lux- Pastorale, Mrs. T. A. Scott, Philadelphia ;
embourg Museum Venus caressing Love Nymphs Bathing, Alsatian Peasant, C. H.
;

(1859) Faun and Bacchante, First Quarrel Clark, Philadelphia

; Picking Cherries, W. ;

and Peace (1861) Poor Family, Shepherd- B. Bement, Philadelphia Tambourine Girl
; ;

ess, Spanish Beauty, Bacchante (1863), Bor- (1873), Frank Work, New York Charity ;

deaux Museum Mower, Harvest Time (1874), F. W. Drexel, New York Violet, A.
;
'
;

(1872) Bather, Flora and Zephyrus (1875); J. Drexel, Philadelphia

; Happy Wife, Bo- ;

Madonna and St. John (1875), Mr. Bouci- hemian Girl, Elder Sister, E. D. Morgan j

cault Pieta (1876), Prince Demidoff Tri- Collection, New York

; Agnus Dei, M. K.
; ;

inn jili of Martyrdom, Triumph of Venus, Jessup, i

New York ; Harvest, Alex. Brown,
First Caresses, Covetousness, Child with Philadelphia; Twins, John T. Martin, Brook-
Bird, Spinning Maiden, Neighbour's Love, lyn Secret, Mother's Prayer, Mrs. K. L. ;

Mowing Woman, Betrothal of St. Ann, Stuart, New York Listening to Sea-Shell,
;

Nymphs (1879) ; Aurora, Madonna with D. j

O. Mills,New York Shepherdess, Boy ;

Angels (1881); Night (1883); Youth of Bac- \

and Flageolet, C. P. Huntington, New York;
chus (1884) Adoration of Magi, Adoration
;
Spring, Fletcher Harper, New York Young ;

of Shepherds, diptych for St. Vincent de Scholar, Charles Stewart Smith, New York ;

Paul, Paris (1885). Among his works owned Italian Boy, Going to the Bath, W. H. Vander- j

in United States are : Mother's Treasure, bilt, New York ; The Departure, A. E. Borie
Miss C. L. Wolfe, New York Mother and ; Collection, Philadelphia ;
Bunch of Grapes,
R
(

Child, Twins, A. Belmont, New York Hesi- ;

j
L. Cutting,New York Charity, Young ;

tating between Love and Riches, James H. Reader, Samuel Hawk Collection, New York;
Stebbins, New York Virgin and Angels, G. ; Alma Parens (1883), G. R. Blanchard, New
L Seney, Brooklyn Far from Home, Robert ; \
York Flagellation, W. T. Walters, Balti-
Hoe, New York ; Little Rogue, M. Graham, more Early Morning, L. Tuckerman, New
New York ; Prayer, W. Rockefeller, New
York La ; Tricoteuse, J. J. Astor, New York ;

Maternal Solicitude, T. R Butler, New York; W-BOVGVEREAV-18/5

LittleMarauders (1873), D. W. Powers, Roch-
ester Nymphs and Satyr (1873), Hoffman York.
; Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1874), 49; La-
House, New York Beggar-Girl, J. A. Brown, rousse Hamerton, French Painters Meyer,
; ; ;

Providence Meditation, Bad Scholar, W. Gesch., 400

; Mflller, 70 Perrier, Etudes, ; ;

Mason, Taunton, Masa Homer and his Guide 134 Portfolio (1875), 42.
; ;

(1874), Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York Holy BOUILLON CLAUDE. See She!*. ;
 BOULANGER
BOULANGER, GUSTAVE (RODOLPHE I
BOULANGER, LOUIS, born at Vercelli,

CLARENCE), bom Piedmont, March

(

in Paris, April 25, 1824. died at Dijon, 11, 1806,

History painter, March 5, 1867. Genre painter, pupil of
pupil of Jollivet Lethiere and of Achille Deveria; one of
and of Delaroche the leading artists of the romantic school.
;

won the prix de Medals: 2d class, 1827 ;

1st class, 1835;
Rome 1849 re-
in ;
L. of Honour, 1840 ; director of the School
turned from Italy of Art in Dijon after 1860. He exhibited
in 1856 has trav- ;
in most of the Salons from 1827 to 1866 ;

elled in Africa. has illustrated works of Victor Hugo and

Medals 2d class,
: others. Works :
Mazeppa (1827), Rouen
1857, 1859, 1863, Museum Assassination of Louis of Orleans
;

and 1878; L. of by the Duke of Burgundy (1833), Ministry

Honour, 1865; of Public Works ; Hymn of Judith (1833),
Member of Institute, Works: Ulysses Ministry of the Interior Renard the Fox in
1882. ;

recognized by Eurycleia (1849) C;i'sar at the Gardens of Armida, Death and the
;

the Rubicon; The Choassa, House of the Woodcutter, Spanish Mule-Drivers (1833); a
Tragic Poet in Pompeii, Maestro Palestrina series of brilliant water-colours representing
(1857) Arabian Herdsmen, Lucretia, Les- scenes from Notre Dame de Paris, Beatrice
;

bia (1859) Hercules at Feet of Omphale, Cenci, Lucretia Borgia, Othello, and King
;

Copy of the Flute Player and the Wife of Lear (Salons of 1833 and 1834) Camacho's ;

Diomed (Prince Napoleon) An Arab (1861); Wedding (1835)

; Triumph of Petrarch ;

Csesar at the Head of the Tenth Legion, Ka- (1837); Three Women beloved by Poets
byles, The Defeat (1863) Horsemen of the
; (1840, Dante's Beatrice, Petrarch's Laura,
Sahara (1864); Djeid and Rahia, Portrait of Ariosto's Orsolina) Virgil's Shepherds, ;

Hamdy-Bey (1865) Catharine

; I. with Me- Women Bathing (1845) ; Hecuba's Grief
hemet Baltadji, Woman selling Crowns in (1858), Ministry of the Interior ; Ugolino
Pompeii (1866); The Mamillare (1867); El and his Sons (1858) ; King Lear and his
Hiasseub, Arabian Story-Teller, Street of Fool (1853); St. Jerome and the Roman Fu-
the Tombs in Pompeii (1869); Tisan Emir, gitives (1855); Gentlemen of the Sierra, Gui-
The Chaouches of the Hakem, Souvenir of tar-Player, Festival in the Castle of Lirias,
Old Blidah (1870) Waiting for their Lord Romeo buying the Poison (1857); Don Quix-
;

and Master (1872); The Search of the Aid ote and the Goatherd, Othello, Macbeth,
Srir at Biskra (1873) A-ppian Way in Time
;
The Message (1859); The Revery of VellSda,
of Augustus (1874) ; The Gyneceum (1875) The Sunday Patrol (1861); Virgil's Georgics
;

Summer Bath at Pompeii, Roman Comedi- (1863); Holy Family (1865), bought by
ans rehearsing their parts (1876); St. Se- State Fear Nothing, thou bearest Csesar
;

bastian and the Emperor (1877); Repast in (1865) Concert in Picardy (1866). La- ;

House of Lucullus (1878); Slave with a Fan rousse; Kunst-Chronik, ii.113; L'Art, i. 224 ;

(1882); Source of the Tiber (1883); Captive, Portfolio (1875), 178.

Woman of the Ouleid-Nahir (1884); Jewish BOULANGER, Mme. MARIE ELIZA-
Water Carrier in Algiers, Mother of the BETH
(nc-e Blavot), born in Paris in 1810.
Genre painter pupil in water-colour of C. ;

Roqueplau, and in oil of Louis Boulanger,

whom she married after his death she mar- ;

Gracchi (1885); Turkish Justice, Samuel ried F. Cave, director of the Beaux Arts.
Hawk Collection, New York. Larousse Medals: 3d class, 1836; 2d class, 1839.
;

Miiller, 70. Works Child crying over its Goat, Jean :

190
 BQULLONGNE
Jacques and the Little Savoyards, The Poor Nov. 20, 1733. French school history ;

Woman, Bernard de St. Pierre at the Village painter; brother of Bon de B. Obtained the
(all water-colours), Paul Veronese's Child- academical prize
hood, Battle of Ivry, The First Ennuis, Louis when eighteen,
XIII., Convalescence, Kings, Triumph of and went in
Bacchus (1835-1849); Virgin in 1675 to Rome,
Tears,
Kouen Museum Children's Tournament where he made
;

(water-colour), triptych (belongs to State). copies, full-size,

BOULLONGNE, BON, born in Paris of Raphael's Vat- ^ML** PiA'
in 1649, died ican frescos for >
nKBfc^^'%fccjf ,^
there, May 16, the Gobelin tap-
1717. French estry manufac-
school history
; tory. In 1680,
painter ; eldest after visiting
son and pupil Lonibardy and Venice, he returned to
of Louis B.; France, and executed many votive and dec-
studied in orative paintings for Notre Dame and other
Rome five years public buildings in Paris. In 1681 he be-
under the pen- came Academician, 1693 professor, 1717 rec-
sion of the king, tor, and 1722 director of the Academy the ;

became a mem- same year he was decorated with the order

ber of the Academy in 1C77, adjunct profes- of St. Michael, ennobled in 1724, and ap-
sor in 1G84, and professor in 1692. He re- pointed painter to the king in 1725. Ch.
ceived the favour of Louis XIV., who em- Blanc, Ecole fran<;aise.
ployed him to paint the staircase at Ver- BOUQUET, MICHEL, born at Lorient,
sailles, under the direction of Le Brun. He (Morbihan), Oct. 17, 1807. Landscape and
also executed frescos in the Church of the marine Famous
painter pupil of Gudin. ;

Invalides, in St. Ambroise, and hi the Tri- as a painter on porcelain. Medals : 3d class,
anon and the chapel at Versailles. Works 1839 2d class, 1847, 1848 L. of
:
; ; Honour,
Annunciation, St. Benedict restoring a 1881. Works : Sunset ; View on the Blavct
Child, Marriage of St. Catherine, Hercules (1839) ; Shoemaker's House in Valley of
fighting the Centaurs (1677), Juno and Chevreuse ; Halt of Hunters at Fontaine-
Flora, Venus and Loves, Louvre ; Calling of bleau View near Palermo ; Danube in Hun-
;

Sons of Zebedee, Dublin Gallery. gary (water-colour, 1847) Evening hi Wal-

Villot, ;

Cat. Louvre. achia Landscape near the Chevreuse Last

; ;

BOULLONGNE, LOUIS, the elder, born Leaves of Autumn, Souvenir of Normandy

in Paris in 1609, died there, June 13, 1674.
(water-colour, 1848); Cow-Pond in Brittany
French school history painter, pupil of (on porcelain, 1863) Spring and Autumn
; ;

Blanchard; studied afterwards in Rome. On (porcelain, 1866) Old Mill by Moonlight

;

his return to Paris he executed several vo- View on the Seine (1879);
(porcelain, 1877);
Notre Dame and decorative Isle of Capri (1882). Larousse.
tive pictures for

paintings for public buildings. In 1656 BOURCE, HENRI (JACQUES), bom in

he was nominated professor at the Academy.
Antwerp in 1826. Genre painter ; pupil
His daughters, Genevieve (1645-1708) and of the Antwerp Academy, under Wappers ;

Madeleine (1646-1710), were also painters travelled in Holland, France, Italy, Ger-
and members of the Academy. England, and Scotland.
many, Norway,
BOULLONGNE, LOUIS DE, the Medals :
Hague (1857), Brussels and Rotter-
younger, born in Paris in 1654, died there, dam (1863), Amsterdam (1868 and 1876),
191
 BOURDON
London (1872 and 1873), Vienna (1873). Martyrdom of St. Peter, Julius Ccesar be-
Order of Leopold (1869), Officer (1881); fore Tomb of Alexander, Halt of Bohemians
Studio in Antwerp. Works Return from (2), Laban seeking his Idols, Presentation
:

Vintage (1853); Marie Antoinette taken from in the Temple, Portrait of Descartes, his own
the Temple, Summer Evening by the Sea portrait, and others, Louvre Group of Mer- ;

(1863), Hague Museum Empty Cradle ; chants, Hague Museum ; Bacchanal, Liver-
(1867), Liege Museum ;
Sorrowful Tidings pool Institute ; Death of Dido, Hermitage,
(1868), Brussels Museum Ripe Cherries Petersburg
;
Return of the Ark from
St. ;

Ghent Museum Day after Storm Captivity, National Gallery, London. Ch.
(1874), ;

(1875) Return
;
from Baptism. Mtlller, 71. Blanc, Ecole fran9aise.
BOURDON, SEBASTIEN, born at Mout- BOURGEOIS, EUGENE (VICTOR), born
pellier, Feb. 2,
in Paris contemporary. Landscape painter. ;

1616, died in Medal, 3d class, 1885. Works Corner of :

Paris, May 8, the Forest, Orchard of Flowers (1880); Les

1671. French Graves at Villerville (1881); Little Bridge of
school ; history Gravoteaux (1882) ; Pointe du Grand-Bee,
painter ; pupil Tuilerie de Maurevert (1883) Meadow in ;

of Barthelemy Environs of Villerville (1884); Le Val at Vil-

.

; _^ at Paris until lerville, La Fontaine- Virginie at Pennedepie

\ his fifteenth (1885).
v V year, when he BOURGEOIS, (L^ON PIERRE) UR-
went to Bor- BAIN, born at Nevers, France
contempo- ;

deaux, where rary. History and portrait painter pupil ;

he painted in fresco and to Toulouse where, of Sebastin Cornu, H. Flandrin, and Caba-
;

finding no employment, he enlisted. In 1634, nel. Medals 3d class, 1877; 2d class, 1880. :

having obtained his dismissal, he proceeded Works St. Sebastian (1877) Justinian Em- :
;

to Rome, made copies from the old masters peror of the East (1878), Court of Cassation,
for a dealer for three years, and then re- Paris Body of St. Vincent guarded from
;

turned to Paris to escape the Inquisition. Birds of Prey by Angels (1879); Portrait
There during the next sixteen years he of My Little Daughter (1881) Innocence ;

painted battle pieces, hunts, landscapes, and (1883); Diana after the Chase (1884), M. J.
portraits, and the Crucifixion of St. Peter Darcel.
for Notre Dame, now in the Louvre. In BOURGEOIS, Sir PETER FRANCIS,
1648 he assisted in founding the Academy, born in London in 1756, died there, Jan. 8,
and in 1652 went to Sweden, where he be- 1811. Of Swiss descent; pupil of Lou-
came court painter. Ten years later he re- therbourg travelled in France, Holland, and ;

turned to __ ^ Italy in 1776, and on his return attained rep-

Paris, and in utation for his landscapes with cattle and
1665 was ap- figures. In 1791 he was appointed painter to
pointed di- the King of Poland and knighted; became an
rector of the Academy. Works : Sacrifice

f
T^ ~
of
mon
Noah, Solo-
sacrificing
J / r\ t* **r )ni
isuv(/ruui\ tion of Shep .
^0 Idols, Adora-

herds, Repose of Holy Family, Madonna A.R.A. in 1787, R.A. in 1793, and landscape
with St. John, Christ and the Children, De- painter to George HI. in 1793. He left his
scent from Cross, Decollation of St. Protais, fine collection of 350 paintings, bequeathed

193
 BOUKGET
to him by his friend Noel Desenfans, to Dul- from Wedding of Camacho Jacob and Ra- ;

wich College, and 12,000 to build a gallery chael (1844); Baptism of the Chamberlain
for them. Works: Landscapes, etc. (22), (1848) Charlemagne in Argenteuil. All-
;

Dulwich Gallery. Redgrave Ch. Blanc, ;

gem, d. Biogr., iii. 216 Revue artistique ;

Ecole anglaise Richter, Dulwich Gal. Cat.

; ; (1870); Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 186.
Sandby, I 300. BOUTIBONNE, CHARLES EDOUARD,
BOURGET, LE, DEFENCE OF, Al- born at Buda-Pesth, Hungary, of French
phonse de Neuville, W. H. Vanderbilt, New
'

parents contemporary.
; Genre painter ;

York canvas, H. 5 ft. x 8 ft. Episode of the

;
pupil of Winterhalter. Medal, 3d class,
Franco-German war of 1870-71. A handful 1847. Works: Phryne (1868); Susannah
of French eight officers and twenty men (1881); Sirens (1883). Works in United
barricaded themselves in the village church, States Inquisitive Maid, T. R. Butler, New
:

swearing to die together rather than sur- York ; Skating, D. W. Powers, Rochester,
" It
render. was necessary," wrote Gen. N. Y. Broken Heart, W. Mason, Taun- ;

" Be "
Duroc, "to shoot them through the win- ton, Mass. Readers, quiet, Sir A. ;
!

dows and to bring up cannon to force a ca- Adams, Watertown, Mass.; Skating, J. T.
pitulation." The dying Lieut. Grisou is be- Martin, Brooklyn What shall I say to ;

ing earned out of the church by two of his Him ? E. B. Warren, Philadelphia Travel- ;

men. Painted in 1878. Art Treasures of ling in Switzerland, Mrs. L. Stuart, New R
Amer., iii. 103 Kdnst-Chronik, xv. 387.
; York On the Ice, F. Harper, New York. ;

BOURGUIGNON, LE. See Courtois. BOUTIGNY, (PAUL) EMTLE, born in

BOUT, PEETER, baptized in Brussels, Paris ; contemporary. History painter,
Deo. 6, 1658, died about 1700. Flemish pupil of Cabanel. Medal, 3d class, 1884.
school ;
executed with Boudewyns a num- Works A Cantonment (1880); Episode of :

ber of pictures, which, like those of Velvet the Affair of Quiberon June 26, 1795
Brueghel, occupy a place midway between (1881); Episode of Combat of Bapaume in
landscape and genre, and in which he painted 1870 (1882); Pousse-cafe (1883); Boule-de-
the figures. Works Palace (by Dupont) Suif (1884); Attack on the Mill (1885).
:

with figures, Ghent Museum ; Figures in BOUTS, DIERICK, born in Haarlem

Winter Landscape by d'Arthois, Brussels about 1410-20, died at Louvain, May 6,
Museum Figures in Landscape by Boude-
; j
1475. Flemish school. Called sometimes
wyns in Madrid, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bruns- Dirk van Haarlem and Dierick de Louvain.
wick, Dresden, and Vienna Museums, Uffizi, Settled in Louvain after 1450. History
Florence, and Louvre, Paris. Biog. nat. de painter of great merit, of the Van Eyck
Belgique, ii. 873 Cat. du Musee d'Anvers
;
which he is almost unequalled in
school, in
(1874), 68 ; Michiels, ix. 342. glowing depth and transparent clearness of
BOUTERWEK, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, colouring ;
his delicacy of personification
born at Tamowitz, Silesia, Feb. 9, 1806, died and tenderness of execution are only marred
in Paris, Nov. 11, 1867. History painter by the exaggerated stiffness and slimness of
;

pupil of Berlin Academy under Kolbe, and his figures. Best works Martyrdom of St. :

in 1831 of Delaroche in Paris, where he set- Erasmus and Last Supper, St. Peter, Louvain.
tled after visiting Italy in 1834. He received Two wings of this altarpiece, Shower of
23 medals and many orders. His works are Manna and Abraham before Melchisedec, are

pleasing in arrangement, clear in colouring, in the Old Pinakothek at Munich, two others,
and finished in execution. Works Orestes Feast of the Passover and Feeding of Elijah,
:

(1833) Arabian Sentry, Romeo and Juliet in Berlin Museum. Judas taking our Lord,
;

(1836); Patriarchal Repast (1839); Isaac and Old Pinakothek, Munich Martyrdom of St.
j
;

Rebecca (1840); Neapolitan Scene, Episode Hippolitus, Bruges Cathedral Funeral of a ;

198
 BOWLES
Bishop, Eastlake Collection, London Le- BEACHT, FELIX PROSPER EUGEN,
;

gend of Emperor Otto III, Last Supper, born at Merges on Lake Geneva. June 3,
Brussels Museum Coronation of the Vir- 1842.
; Landscape painter; pupil of the
gin, Vienna Museum. C. & C., Flemish Carlsruhe Art School, and from 1861 in Dtis-
Painters, 321 Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande
; ; seldorf,under Gude gave up painting in
;

Dohme, li.; Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 877; 1864 and was for ten years a cotton broker ;

Michiels, iii. 234 iv. 455 \V. & W., ii. 40.
; ;
returned in 1875 to Carlsruhe, and has
BOWLES, MISS, Sir Joshua Reynolds, since then exhibited some excellent pictures.
Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., Hertford House, Medal, Carlsruhe, 1877.
Idyl from
: Works :

London canvas. A young girl seated on

;
Heath of Liineburg Giant's Grave on Ltine-
!

the ground, caressing a spaniel; background, burg Heath Stormy Evening on Riigen ;
;

landscape, with lowering sky. Called also Shepherd on the Heath Sandy Road in the ;

Miss Bowles and her Dog, Girl with Dog, Heath; Landscape on Rugen(1879). Exhibi-
and Juvenile Amusement, Painted in 1775 ted at Munich (1883), Moonlight Night in
for 50 guineas bought by Marquis of the Desert, On the Dead Sea. Midler, 72.
;

Hertford for 1,000 guineas. Engraved by BRACKETT, WALTER M., born at

W. Ward (1798), W.
Fry, C. Turner, J. Gro- Unity, Me., in 1823. Self-taught; first
zer, S. Cousins. Athen., March, 1875, 365. painted portraits and ideal heads, later very
BOXALL, Sir WILLIAM, born at Ox- successful in painting fish. President of the
ford, June
26, 1800, died in London, Dec. J
Boston Art Club many years. Studio in
6, 1879.Student of the Royal Academy in Boston. Works : After the Battle, Earl of
1819 visited Italy in 1827 and 1833, and
; Dufferiu ;
A Series of pictures Rise, Leap,
:

repeatedly after he became director of Last Struggle, Landed, Sir Richard Potter,
the National Gallery. When young he exe- London Trout Picture, Grisle (1881).
j
;

cuted a few subject pictures, among them BRADAMANTE FIORDASPINA, AND

Jupiter and Latona (1823), Contention of Guido Reni, Uffizi, Florence canvas. Brada- ;

Michael and Satan for the Body of Moses mante, near a fountain, listens to Fiordas-
(1824), Milton's Reconciliation with his pina, who relates the sad adventure of
j

Wife (1829), and Lear and Cordelia (1831), Roger (Orlando Furioso, Canto L). Procured
but finally devoted himself to portraiture, in 1667 from the Casino Mediceo, near S.
|

among his sitters being Wordsworth, Lan- Marco, Florence. Soc. Ed. et Paris, PI. 117.
dor, Lord Coleridge, Gibson, Copley Field- BRADFORD, WILLIAM, born at New
ing (National Portrait Gallery), Allan Cun- Bedford, Mass., about 1830. Marine paint-
;

ningham, the Prince Consort, and other er self-taught, but influenced by Van
;

eminentmen. Became an A.R.A. in 1851 and Beest, whose studio at Fairhaven he shared
R.A. in 1863 succeeded Sir Charles East- for two years. Began
;
by painting ships in
lake as director of the National Gallery in the harbour at
Lynn, Mass., and on the
1865, retired on account of ill-health in 1874, coasts of Labrador and Nova Scotia after-
!

and in 1871 was knighted. Cat. Nat. Gal.; wards made several Arctic expeditions with
Athenaeum, Dec. 13, 1879; Sandby, ii. Dr. Hayes, the explorer, and others, to
326.
study icebergs and ice-floes, and from the
BOYLE, FERDINAND T. L., born in sketches painted pictures which were ex-
the United States, contemporary. Genre hibited in London and bought by the
painter. Is an associate of the National Queen, Baroness Burdett-Coutts, and the
j

Academy. Studio in New York. Work Marchioness of Lome. Elected A.N.A. in

:

Gran'ther's Pet (1884). 1874. Studio in New York. Works:

BOZACCO or BOZZATO. See Bazacco. Steamer Panther among Icebergs in Mel-
BRACCHETONE, IL. See Volterra. ville Bay under Light of
\
Midnight Sun,
194
 BRAEKELEER
(Royal Academy, 1875), the Queen ; Fishing- able mention, Paris (1880) Order of Leo- ;

Boats in the Bay of Fundy Shipwreck off

; pold. Studio in Antwerp. Works Interior :

Nantucket Light-house in St. John Har-

;
j
of Chapel in St. James' Church, Antwerp ;
bour Fishing-Boats getting under Way
; ;
Interior of St. Hubert's Chapel in same

July Afternoon off Round Hill Light, Fish- church ;

The Tailor ;
Manufacturer of

ing Craft among the Bergs (1882); Fishing Matches. Larousse.

,

Craft at Sunset Coast of Labrador (1883); BRAEMAR, Sir Edwin iandseer, C. F. H.

Quiet Afternoon in Straits of Belle Isle, Bolckow, Marton Hall, Middlesborough,
Return of Labrador Fishing Boats (1884). England. Scene in Braeinar, Highlands,
Art Journal (1873), 225. Aberdeenshire, Scotland. A magnificent
BRAEKELEER, FERDINANDUS DE, stag, with a group of does around him,
born in Antwerp, Feb. 19, 1792, died there, stands in the mist on the brow of a hill,
May 16, 1883. History and genre painter bellowing defiance to the hunter, or to other
;

pupil of the Antwerp Academy, and of M. males of his own kind a rabbit appears in
I
;

I. van Bree ; obtained the

great prize in the grass. Royal Academy, 1857. Bought
1819, and studied three years in Rome, for 5000.
where he painted historical subjects in BRAITH, ANTON, born at Biberach,
the style of David after his return de- Wflrtemberg,
;
Animal painter
in 1836. ;

voted himself to genre subjects, especially pupil of Art School, Stuttgart, and from
family scenes. He has educated many pu- 1860 of Munich Academy. Gold medal,
pils who have attained fame. Order of Munich, 1869. Works Cows in the Woods :

Leopold Member of Antwerp Academy, (1865); Cows in Cabbage-Field (1868); Yoke

;

and director of Antwerp Museum. Works of Oxen (1870), Kunsthalle, Hamburg Cat-
:
;

Healing of Tobias, Esau and Isaac, Citadel tle returning Home (1871) Sheep Resting ;

of Antwerp, Day after Surrender, Countess (1871); Flock of Sheep in the Woods (1872);
of Lalaing at Defence of Domick, Happy Herd at the Brook (1873); Herd overtaken
Domestics, Golden Wedding (Brussels Mu- by Storm (1874); Flock of Sheep by a Dead
seum), Domestic Quarrel, Matrimonial Hare (1875); Goatherd on Mountain Lake
Peace, Jan Steen on the Ice, Love Declara- (1879); Cattle, W. Mason, Taunton, Mass.;
tion, St. Thomas' Day, Village School De- Cattle, E. D. Morgan, N.
; Muller, 73 ; .

fence of Antwerp in 1576 (1837), Death of niustr. Zeitg. (1870), ii. 50 (1877), i. 201. ;

Count Frederic de Merode, Antwerp Muse- BRAKENBURGH, RICHARD, born in

um Defence of Antwerp against Due Haarlem, baptized May 22, 1650, died
;

d'Alenyon in 1583 Quarrel after Dinner, there, Dec. 28, 1702. Dutch school genre
; ;

The Husband's Toilet (1852), National Gal- painter pupil of Heudrik Mommers joined
; ;

the guild of Haarlem in 1687. Influence

of Adrian van Ostade apparent in his pict-
ures. Works: Tavern Interior (1692), Bor-
deaux Museum Children's Festival (1698),;

Brussels Museum ;
Interior with Peasants
drinking and smoking, Amsterdam Muse-
lery, Berlin Happy Family, Unhappy Fam- um Sick-room, Rotterdam Museum Com-
; ; ;

ily (1852), Corcoran Gallery, Washington. pany in Peasant's Room (1689), Brunswick
Larousse, ii. 1186 Muller, 73.
; Museum two pictures (1698), Hanover
;

BRAEKELEER, HENRI DE, born in Gallei-y Young Peasant with Bottle, Dres-
;

Antwerp, contemporary. Genre painter den Gallery Party of Jovial Peasants, Fes-
; ;

son and pupil of Ferdinandus de B. Medals tival of the Beano

(1690), Vienna Museum ;

(1872), Vienna (1873); honour- Two Artist's Studios, Windsor Castle, Eng-
at Brussels
 BEAM ANTING
land. Ch. Blanc, ]5cole hollandaise ;
Oriental or Jewish costumes, like Lastman
Kramm, i. 148 ; Van der Willigen, 89. and Rembrandt, of whom he became an
BRAMANTINO (Bramantino da Milano), imitator in his later years. Works Descent :

born in Milan(?), died there about 1535. from the Cross, Rotterdam Museum Christ ;

Lombard school real name Bartolommeo among the Doctors, Simon in the Temple,
;

Suardi probably taught iu local schools of Brunswick Gallery Christ and the Scoffers,
; ;

Milan, afterward journeyman to Bramaute. Solomon in the Temple, Queen of Sheba

Among the earliest pictures assigned to before Solomon, Dresden Gallery Two ;

him are Crucifixion, Municipio, Milan Cir- Allegories, Vienna Museum Resurrection
; ;

cumcision (dated 1491), Louvre and Dead of Lazarus, Turin Gallery Hecuba's Grief,
; ;

Christ, S. Sepolcro, Milan. He followed Abraham

Bramante to Rome in the beginning of the visited by
16th century, and was employed by Julius Angels,
n. in the Camera dell' Eliodoro, but re- Madrid Mu-
turned to Milan after the expulsion of the seum. Ch. Blanc, cole hollandaise; Bode,
French from Lombardy, and painted there Studien, 351 ; Riegel, Beitrage, ii. 217.
probably until near 153C, in which year his BRAMTOT, ALFRED HENRI, born in
heirs are mentioned. All his later works Paris ;contemporary. History painter, pu-
show the influence of Leonardo da Vinci. pil of Bouguereau. Won the grand prix de
Among his best are Madonna and Angels,: Rome in 1879. Medals 3d class, 1879 2d :
;

Brera, Milan Head of St. John the Bap-

; class, 1885. Works: Bashful Love (1879);
tist, St. Jerome, Madonna and Saints, Am- Punishment of Ixion (1882); Compassion
brosiana, Milan Flight into Egypt, Church
; (1883); Departure of Tobias (1885).
of the Madonna del Sasso, Locarno Pieta ; BRAND, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born
over portal of S. Sepolcro ;
St. Sebastian, in Vienna, Nov. 15, 1723, died there,
June 12, 1795. German school landscape
;

painter son and pupil of Christian Hilfgott

;

(born in Frankfort on the Oder, in 1695,

died in Vienna, about 1750). He was court
S. Sebastiano, Milan.
C., C.
Italy, &
painter and, from 1771, professor at the
N. ii.

14 Vasari, ed. Le Mon., iv. 17, viii. 14 Ch. Vienna Academy, and was considered one
; ;

Blanc, Ecole milanaise Burckhardt, 609 ;

of the best artists in his line. Works ;
:

Lubke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 494. Landscape with Ruin (1741), do. with Peas-
BRAMER, LEONARD, born at Delft in ants and Herd (1746), Battle of Hochkirch
1596, died after (1766), four landscapes (1768, 1771), Vi-
1667. Dutch enna Museum ;
ten in Prague Gallery ;

school ; history others in galleries of Germany, France,

and allegory England, and Russia. By his father are

painter. Went three Wood Landscapes in the Vienna Mu-

to France and seum, ten others in the Prague Gallery.
Italy in 1614, Allgem. d. Biog. iii. 236 ; Wurzbach, ii. 110.
returnedto Delft BRANDEL, PETER JOHANN, born in
in 1625, and en- Prague
in 1660, died at Kuttenberg, Bohe-
tered the guild mia, in 1739. German school history ;

of St. Luke in painter, pupil of the court painter Schroter,

1629. Fond of whom he soon surpassed studied then ;

candlelight ef- after great masters in the galleries of

fects, in the manner of Honthorst, and of Prague. Works Baptism of Christ, Prague
:
 BRANDELIUS
Cathedral ;
Christ and the Woman
taken in Parisian Studio (1868); Exhibition of the
Adultery, Museum, Vienna Joseph receiv- Pentateuch, Talmud Lesson (1869); The
;

ing his Brothers in Egypt, Czeruiu Gallery, Sabbath, Examination (1870); Improvisatore
ib.;
St. Jerome, Schonborn Gallery, ib. in the Campagua, Lille Museum. ;

Mary Magdalen, Mentz Cathedral. Wurz- BRANDT, ELIZABETH, portrait, Ru-

bach, ii. 113. bena, T. M. Whitehead, England ; canvas, H.
BRANDEUUS, (BENGT JOHAN) GUS- 4 ft x 3 ft.; dated 1622. The artist's first

TAF, Swedish bom at Fredsberg, West-

;
with ruff and white wife, in black dress,
Gothland, Oct. 22, 1833. Animal painter, cuffs, and gold brocade corset, seated in an
j

pupil of Stockholm Academy studied then artu-chair, with altar in background.

;
Ham-
in 1852 at Upsala painted in 1856, when ilton Palace sale (1882), 1837 10s. Acad-
;

lieutenant in the army, at Gothenberg, emy, xxi. 246, 456.

many excellent portraits, and studied from BRANDT, JOZEF, born at Szczebrzeszyn,
1857 at the Diisseldorf Academy under Poland, Feb. 11,
d'Unker then in Paris, where he copied in 1841. History and
;

the Luxembourg and after Troyon. Since genre painter pu- ;

1874, member of the Stockholm Academy. pil in Paris of the

Works Norman Horses Soldier's Child at Ecole Ceutrale, and
: ;

the Gate Spring in the Woods (1868); hi Munich of Franz

;

First Riding Lesson ; Besieged Favourite Adam and Piloty.

;

The Future Hussar ;

Return from the Studio in Munich.
Woods ;
Adventure on the Promenade Medals Munich, :

(1875). Mailer, 74. 1869; Vienna,

BRANDES, HKTNRICH, born at Bort- 1873; Berlin, 1876.
feld,Brunswick, in 1803, died at Brunswick, Member of Berlin and Munich Academies ;
Oct. 6, 1868. Landscape painter ; pupil in Order of Franz Josef mention honour- ;

Brunswick of Barthel, then in 1823-25 at able, Paris. Works Attack of Polish Cav- :

the Munich Academy, under Cornelius ; re- alry (about 1865); Polish Peasants before
mained in Munich five years longer, making an Inn (1870) Episode from Relief of ;

sketching trips into the Tyrolese Alps. In Vienna (1870); Episode from Campaign in|

1830-31 he visited Italy, especially Rome, Jutland in 1658 (1870); Cossack Camp in I

and after his return settled in Brunswick, 17th century (1872); Polish Fair (1872);
where, in 1835, he became professor at the Battle of Vienna in 1683 (1872); Polish !

Carolinum College and inspector of the Cavalry on Patrol, Rollicking Quartering

Ducal Gallery. In 1845 he restored, with (1873); Cossacks from Ukraine (1874),
Neumann, the old paintings in the Bruns- Konigsberg Museum ;
Uhlans in a Village,
wick Cathedral. Works View near Marino :
Crossing the Carpathian Mountains, Camp
;

View near Rome; Subiaco; Inundation View Scene at the Fire, Cossacks on Outpost
;

in Oker Valley ; Landscape in the Hartz (1876), Tartar Battle (1878), National Gal-
;

several Mountain and Winter Landscapes ; lery, Berlin ; W allachians fording a Stream,
T

Views in Tyrol and in the Hartz Mountains ;

J. D. Lankenau, Philadelphia Tartars in ;

View near Salzburg, New Pinakothek, Mu- Flight, D. H. McAlpin, New York ; Critical
nich. Kunst-Chronik, iv. 21. Moment (1884); Czabans caught in the

BRANDON, JACOB EMTLE EDOU- Snow in the Ukraine (1885). Milller, 74 ;

ARD, born in Paris, July 3, 1831. Flemish N. illustr. Zeitg. (1879), ii. 539 ; (1880), ii.

school genre and history painter, pupil of 714.

;

Picot, Montfort, and Corot. Medals, 1865, BRASCASSAT, JACQUES RAYMOND,

1867. Works: Kissof Moses' Mother (1867); born at Bordeaux, Aug. 30, 1805, died in

197
 BRASEN
Paris, Feb. 27, 18G7. French school laud- George's Church, Seven Scenes from Life of;

scape and animal painter, pupil of Richard St. Martin, St. Mary's Church, Cologne.
and of Hersent. Won the second grand Allgem. d. Biog. iii. 264 Merlo, Nachrich- ;

prize for historic landscape in 1825, and ten, 58.

went to Rome, where he resided six years. BRAUN, LUDWIG, born at Schwabisch
He was the first to revive the painting of Hall, Wiirtemberg, Sept. 23, 1836. Battle
animals, which had fallen into discredit. painter brother of Reinhold B., pupil of ;

Medals 2d class in 1827

: 1st class in Stuttgart Art School
;
studied then in Mu- ;

1831 and 1837 L. of Honour, 1837. Mem- nich and Paris. Painted in Nuremberg a
;

ber of Institute, 1846. "Works Meleager cycle from the family history of the Counts
:

Hunting (1825); Mercury and Argus, Ital- of Huuoldsteiu; visited in 1866 and 1870-71
ian Views (1827); View of Cassano, Temple the battle-fields of those years, and executed
of Venus at Baise, Castel Rouge, Landscape for the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg sev-
with Animals, Study of a Dog (1831); eral pictures. Studio in Munich. Works:
Cow attacked by Wolves and defended by Series of water-colour scenes from war in
Bulls, Bulls Fighting, Nantes Museum Schleswig-Holstein, Tournament at Nurem- ;

Animals Resting (1837) The Bull (1842); berg in 1496, Scenes from Campaign of
;

Landscape with Animals (1845), Louvre 1866, Suabian Kirmess (1869), Episode ;

Death of the Boar of Calydon, two land- from Battle of Worth, Capitulation of Se-
scapes with animals, Bordeaux Museum A dan, Entry of the Mecklenburgers into Or- ;

Pasture, Montpellier Museum ;

A Sorceress, leans, The Germans at Versailles, Entry into
Toulouse Museum ; Study of Horse, B. Paris, Panorama of Battle of Sedan (1880).
Wall, Providence. Larousse ; Kunst-Chro- Mttller, 74 ;
Elustr. Zeitg. (1870), i. 343.
uik, ii. 202. BRAUN, REINHOLD, born at HaU, Wiir-
BRASEN, HANS OLE, born at Hillerd, temberg, April 25, 1821, died in Munich,
Denmark, Jan. 16, 1849. Genre painter, Jan. 22, 1884. Military genre painter ;
pupil of Copenhagen Academy ;
visited pupil of Stuttgart Art School from 1836,
North Italy in 1874, Tyrol and Paris in then of Munich Academy in 1843-50 ; took
1879. Works Geese driven Home (1875); part in the campaign of 1849 in Baden, at
:

Washing Place at Snip (1875); On Way to the headquarters of the Prince of Prussia.
Market, Scenes near Lago di Garda (1877) Works Pasture and Market Scenes, Rural ;
:

Hussars watering Horses, Mare with Colt Festivals, Horses, Manoeuvre Scenes, Sua-
(1879); Domestic Happiness (1880) ; Court- biau Costumes, etc. Mailer, 75.
ing (1881). Sigurd Mailer, 47. BRAUSEWETTER, OTTO, born at Saal-
BRAUN, ADAM, born in Vienna in 1750,
Prussia, in 1835. History and genre feld,
died there in 1827. German school ; genre painter ; pupil of Konigsberg Academy ;
and portrait painter, pupil of Vienna Acad- travelled in Germany, North Italy, and Rus-
emy at the age of twelve ; member in 1789. sia. Works: Richard HI. (1860), Dantzic
Highly esteemed as a restorer of old Museum ;
Charon's Bark (1867) ;
Ladies at
paintings. Works Gentleman threading a Sculptor's (1868), Konigsberg Museum
:
;

Needle for Lady (1785), Museum, Vienna Marauders, Bluebeard (1871); After a Long ;

Lady resting on Sofa, Liechtenstein Gal- Separation (1872); Autumn Morning (1874);
lery, ib. Wurzbach, Gustavus Adolphus before Battle of Ltttzen
ii. 118.
BRAUN, AUGUSTIN, bom (1876) in Cologne,
Lansquenets Travelling (1877) ; ;

about 1570, died there after 1627. German Home Again (1878). Miiller, 75.
school history and portrait painter. Works
; BRAUWER. See Brouwer. :

Martyrdom of St. Febronia, Wallraf Mu- BRAY, JAN DE, born at Haarlem, died
seum Seven Scenes from the Passion, St. there, buried Dec. 4, 1697. Dutch school ;
;

198
 BllAZACCO

history and portrait painter ; showed influ- Blanc, Kcole gcnoisc ; Lanzi, iii. 235 ;
So-
ence of Frans Hals, and later of Rembrandt. prani, 12.
Works: Four portraits in a Group of Syndics BREDA, FREDRIK VON, born CARL
of St. Luke's Guild (1675), National Gallery, in Stockholm in 1759, died in 1818. Por-
Amsterdam Initiation of Orphans (1663), trait painter, pupil in London of Reynolds.
;

Regents of Orphanage (1663, 1664), Regents Became painter to the Swedish court and
of Leper-house (2, 1667), Christ blessing was called the Van Dyck of Sweden.
i
His
the Children, Seleucus (1676), Glorification son, Johan Fredrik (born in London in
'

of Frederic Henry (1681), Vulcan (1683), 1788, died in Stockholm in 1835), was also
!

Dutch Family, Haarlem Museum David a painter. ;

with the Harp (1674), Brunswick Museum BREDA, SURRENDER OF. See Lan-
;

David with Head of Goliath, Copenhagen zas.

Gallery Portrait of Himself and Family,
; BREDAEL (Breda), JAN FRANS VAN,
:

Hampton Court Palace. Bode, Studien, bom in Antwerp, March 19, 1683, died
;

109 Riegel, Beitrage, ii. 305 Van der Wil- there, Feb. 19, 1750. Landscape painter
; ; ;

ligen, 96. grandson of Peeter van B., son and pupil

BRAZACCO. See Bazacco. of Alexander van B., landscape and genre
BRAZEN SERPENT, Michelangelo, Sis- painter (died 1720). He copied success-
tine Chapel, Rome fresco in corner soffit of fully paintings of Jan Brueghel and Philip
;

ceiling. Illustration of Numbers xsi. 6-8. Wouverman.and later executed original pict-
ByRubens, National Gallery, London ures in their style.
; Entered guild of St.
canvas, H. 6 ft. 2 in. x 8 ft. 9 in. Moses and Luke at Antwerp in 1680; master, 1689.
Aaron standing to right, the latter pointing Went to London with Rysbraek, the sculp-
to an elevated serpent, towards which many tor, and after his return (1725) became di-
of the Israelites, suffering from the stings rector of the Academy of Antwerp. Works :

of venomous reptiles, are turning for relief. Camp, Louvre Horse-Shoeing, Fal-
Military ;

Engraved by Bolswert and Galle. Formerly con Hunt, Dresden Gallery Village View, ;

in Palazzo Marano, Italy Collection of A.

;

Wilson (1807), 1200 Collection of Wm.

;

Champion (1810), 1000 ; belonged to T.

B. Owen, who sold it to National Gallery
(1837) for 3000. Duplicates, partly by pu- Amsterdam Museum. Biog. nat. de Bel-
pils, in Madrid Museum and Potsdam Gal- gique, ii. 918 Ch. Blanc, ficole flamande. ;

lery. Sketch in black and white, Louvre. BREDAEL, JAN PEETER VAN, born at
Smith, ii. 216 Cat. Nat. Gal.
;
Antwerp about 1654, died in Vienna about
BREA, LODOVICO, born at Nice about 1733. Flemish school landscape and battle ;

1450 (?), died after 1513. Neapolitan school. painter, son and pupil of Peeter van. B. mas- ;

Works, chiefly in churches in Genoa, signed ter of the guild in 1680. Employed by
and dated from 1483 to 1513. An Annunci- Prince Eugene of Savoy, and by the Emperor
ation, etc., attributed to Justus of Ghent, in Leopold I., who called him to his court.
three compartments, in the Louvre, may be Works: Battle of Peterwardein in 1716,
by him. Brea shows Flemish influences, Battle of Belgrade in 1717, Falcon Chase,
and was perhaps taught by Corrado d'Ale- Boar Hunt (1717), Vienna Museum. Biog.
mania, or by Justus of Ghent, who painted nat. de Belgique, ii. 917.
at Genoa at 1451. Soprani mentions an As- BREDAEL, PEETER VAN, born in Ant-
cension of Christ in S.M. della Consolazione
werp in 1630, died in 1719. Flemish school;
at Genoa, painted for Petrus de' Fazi in
painter of landscapes with figures, in the
1483. C. & C., Flemish Painters, 176 ; Ck manner of Jan Brueghel Entered the Ant-
|

199
 BEEDAL
werp guild in 1650, lived some years at the Orange visiting the Inundated in 1825, Na-
Spanish court. Works : Two Italian Land- tional Museum, Amsterdam ;
Portrait of
Bruges Academy; Landscape, Hague William I., Brussels Museum Portrait of
scapes, ;

Museum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 914; Pius VII., Vatican, Rome. Biog. nat. de
De Stuers, 211. Belgique, ii. 929 ;
Cat. du Musee d'Anvers
BREDAL, NIELS ANDREAS, born in (1874), 416 ;
Rooses (Reber), 458.
Copenhagen, June 22, 1841. Architecture BREE, PHILIPPUS JACOBUS VAN,
and landscape painter pupil of Copenhagen born in Antwerp, Jan. 6, 1786, died in Brus-
;

Academy; visited Norway in 1868, Germany sels, Feb. 16, 1871. History painter; brother
and Rome in 1869, then lived in Italy 1871- and pupil of Mattheus van. B. studied in ;

77. Works Portal of St. Frederic, Copen- Paris under Girodet, and in Pavia visited
:
;

hagen (1865) Street in Christianshavn Germany and England.

;
Was conservator
(1867); Street in Bergen, Gate of Frederik- of the museum at Brussels. Works Queen :

berg Fortress (1869) Mountain Lake in Blanca, Study of the Flower Painter Dael,
;

Norway, Autumn Landscape (1869); Ascent Barentz on Nova Zembla, Discovery of New
to Ruins of Imperial Palace in Rome (1875); Holland, Godfrey de Bouillon at Jerusalem,
Court- Yard of the Lateran (1876); S.Giorgio Mary Stuart, Abdication of Charles V., Ant-
in Velabro, Rome (1880) View of Villa d'Este werp Museum
; ; Procession in Rome, Sixtus
(1881). Sigurd Mttller, 51. V. as Swineherd, Brussels Museum.
BREE, MATTHEUS IGNATIUS VAN, BREENBERGH (Breenborch), BAR-
born in An twerp, THOLOMEUS,
Feb. 22, 1773, born at Deventer,
died there, Dec. in 1599 or 1600,
15, 1839. Flem- died in Rome in
ish school ;
his- 1663. Dutch
tory painter, pu- school ; painted
pil at the Ant- historical and
werp Academy mythological sub-
of Regemorter, jects, but is espec-
then in Paris of ially distinguished
Vincent; ob- by his small land-
tained in 1797 the prix de Rome, and studied scapes. Supposed pupil of Poelenburg;
there until 1804. After his return he became went early to Italy, where and in France he
professor at the Antwerp Academy, and in is known as Bartolomc. He had two styles:
1827 its director. Member of the Academies the first sombre, in which he
sought to imi-
of Amsterdam, Rome, Munich, and New tate Titian and the Carracci, the second more
York. Works Patriotism of Burgomaster clear and transparent. Works Repose in
: :

van der Werfft, City Hall, Leyden Prince Egypt, Martyrdom of St. Stephen, four views
;

of Orange and the League, Ghent Museum; in Rome, Louvre Monk

praying in a Cave, ;

Old Pinakothek, Munich Landscape with ;

Ruins, Vienna Museum; Joseph selling Bread

during the Famine in Egypt (1644), Dres-

Entry of Bonaparte into Antwerp, Versailles

Museum Death of Rubens (1827), Antwerp
;

Museum Pest Scene in Louvain, Ugolino den Gallery Elijah's Offering (1645), Ital-
; ;

and his Sous Death of Egmont, Prince of ian Landscape, Copenhagen Gallery Land-
; ;

200
 BREITBACH
scape with Figures (by Poelenburg), Schwer- & A, holl., iv. 91 ; Wedmore, Masters of
in Gallery do. and Landscape with Ruins Genre Painting, 146.
; (

(1636), View of Tivoli, Hermitage, St. Peters- ;

BREMOND, JEAN FRANgOIS, born in
burg. Bode, Studien, 335 ; Havard, A. Genre & ! Paris in 1807, died March 2, 1868.
A. holL, iv. 69. and portrait painter pupil of A. Couder ;

BREITBACH, KARL, born in Berlin in and of Ingres. Medal of the second class
1833. Landscape and genre painter pupil in 1833 and in 1863. Principal works:
;
!

of the Berlin Academy, and in Paris of Christ (1827); Scene of July Revolution
Couture travelled in Germany, France, and (1830); Miseries of War (1833); Francis I.
;

England. Painted at first only landscapes visiting Benvenuto Cellini (1834), Narbonue ;

later, genre scenes and successful portraits, Museum Death of the Virgin (1837); Char- j
;

Works Mill of St. Ouen, near Paris Park ity (1838); Church of St. Peter in Carcas-
: ; |

of Trianon Huntsman on Stand Rest at sonne St. Francis of Assisi (1839) Archi-
; ; ; ;

the Chase Whestphalian Church Noonday tecture, Painting, and Sculpture (1842), a
; ;

Prayers Kirmess-Joy Kirmess-Woe Vil- fresco Leda (1845); Susanna at the Bath
; ; ; ;
;

lage Parade ; (1847); Presentiment of the Passion (1848);

Portrait of the Painter Th.
Weber ;
do. of Intendant General von Hul- Death of Bailly, Muse of Andre Chenier
sen,At the Fortune-Teller's, Female Head, (1849) Cartoons for frieze in church of Vil- ;
'

Male Head, Man's Portrait (1883). Miiller, letta, Raising of Lazarus, Christ healing the
75. Blind Man in Jericho, Sermon on Mount
BREKELENKAM (Breklinkam), QUI- (1850); Descent from Cross (1852); Victo-
RYN, bom at Swammerdam, near Leyden, rious Love (1853); Bohemian, Flight into !

died at Leyden in 1668. Dutch school Egypt (1859); Revery (1861); Slavery and ;

genre painter, probably pupil of Gerard Dou, Liberty, Caen Museum The Butterfly ;

though his works recall both Metsu and Adri- (1864) Theological Virtues, Cardinal Vir- ;

anvanOstade. Master of the guild at Leyden tues (1866), St. Lambert, Vaugirard. La-
in 1648. Painted solid, strong, and naive fig- rousse.
ures in warm and harmonious colour. Works : BRENDEL, (HEINRICH) ALBERT,
Woman feeding her Child, Tailor's Shop born in Berlin, June 1827, died in 1878.
7,

(16G1); Interior, The Fireside (1664), A Animal painter; pupil of Berlin Academy,
Mouse-Trap (1668), National Gallery, Am- under W. Krause, then in Paris of Couture
sterdam Monk writing, Consultation,
;
Lou- and Palizzi visited Italy in 1852, and studied ;

vre ;
Old in Berlin under Steffeck. Lived in Paris in
Interior (1662), Lille Museum; j

Couple, The Sandwich, Interior, Leyden Mu- 1854-64, and at Barbisou in the forest of Fon-
seum Saying Grace, Cassel Gallery Old tainebleau in summers of 1864-69. Became
; ;

Man with Fish, Old Woman with Vegeta- member of the Berlin Academy in 1868,
bles, Woman feeding little Girl, Game of and professor at the Weimar Art School in
Cards (1662), Brunswick Museum A Brazier 1875. Medals Paris, 1857-59-61 Berlin,
;
:
;

(1654),Augsburg Gallery ;
A Baptism, Dres- 1861; Nantes, 1861; Munich, 1869; Vi-
den Gallery Vegetable Vender ; (1661), Ber- enna, 1873. Works: Interior of Sheep
Stable,Hamburg Gallery Horse ;
Stable at
Barbison, Normandy Horses, Peasant's
Farm, Sheep leaving Stable, of Return
Sheep to the Village, National Gallery, Ber-
lin ;
Don Quixote's Sheep, Pasture in Hol-
lin Museum ;
Hermit (1660), Disappointed land. Mflller, 76.
Drinker, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Chro- BRENDSTRUP, THORALD, born at
nique des Arts (1878), 69, 75 ; Havard, A. Fjenneslev, Jutland, May 25, 1812. Land-

301
 BRENNER
scape painter pupil of Copenhagen Acad- the Hand in Constantinople, Grand Canal
;

emy ; Portugal in 1839, Rome in in Venice (1866); Ponte Rialto in Venice,

visited
1847-50 and 1857-61. Member of Copen- Interior of Pastry-Bakery (1867); Fisheries
hagen Academy, and Order of Danebrog on the Bosporus (1868); Mosque in Trape-
in 1874. "Works: View on Ise Fjord zunt (1870); Khan of the Sultana Valide at

(1835); Views near Frederiksvaerk and Ros- Constantinople (1872) Bridge of Sighs
;

kilde, do. on Coast of Oresund Landscapes ; (1874) St.;

John's Church at Beauvais (1877) ;

on Duero River do. on the Rhine Views ; ;

! Entrance to the Bosporus, The Platane of
in Switzerland ; Temple of Vesta at Tivoli Godfrey de Bouillon (1878). Muller, 76;
(1851) Villa Poniatowsky outside Porta Vapereau (1880), 299.
;
;

del Popolo ; Italian Landscapes Views in BRETON, EMILE ; ADELARD, born at

Denmark. Sigurd Muller, 53 ; Weilbach, Courrieres con- ;

81. temporary. Land-

BRENNER, ADAM, born in Vienna, scape painter;
Dec. 21, 1800. German school ; history brother and pu-
painter ; pupil of Vienna Academy painted ; pil of Jules Bre-
at first still-life and genre ;
studied in Mu- ton. Medals:
nich about 1844, after the great modern 1866, 1867, 1868;
masters of Germany. Works Tinker fright- : 1st class (1878);
ening Child, Dead Game (1833), Burial of Philad e phia 1

St.Stephen (1835), Vienna Museum Res- ;

(1876); Vienna
cue of Ferdinand II. by the Dampierre (1873) ;L. of Hon-
Cuirassiers ; Raising of Siege of Belgrade. our (1878); Order of Leopold. Studio
Wiirzbach, ii. 132. at Courrieres. Works :
Morning Light,
BRESCIA, ALTARPIECE OF, Autumn (1861); Twilight in Au- Titian, Sunset,
SS. Nazaro e Celso, Brescia wood, five pan- tumn, Gust of Wind (1863); Summer Even-
;

els, figures life-size signed and dated ing, Twilight (1865)

; A Pond (1866); ;

1522. Middle panel, the Resurrection; at Spring, Snow (1868); Sunset, Entrance of a
sides, St. Sebastian, Averoldo with patron Village (1869)
Night, Brook of Orchiman ;

saints, and the Annunciation in two panels. (1870)

Winter Morning, Winter Evening ;

The St. Sebastian is best preserved other (1872); Sunset after Storm, Sunday Morn- ;

panels injured by repainting. Painted for ing in Winter (1873) Autumn, Twilight, ;

the Papal Legate Altobello Averoldo, and Winter's Night (1874); Courrieres Canal,
placed on the high altar of SS. Nazaro e Artois Village in Winter, Shepherd's Star
Celso, but now between two windows of the (1875); Winter, Marine View (1876); Summer
choir. C. & C., Titian, i. 236, 247 Burck- Morning (1877); Winter, A Church (1879); ;

hardt, 717 Ch. Blanc,

;
flcole venitienne. Sunset at Sea before Storm, Snow in Artois
BRESSANO, VINCENZO. See Civer- (1880) ;
The old Willows, Frost in Artois
chio, Vincenzo. (1881); Summer
Evening, Winter Evening
BREST, GERMAIN FABIUS, born in (1882); Moonlight in Winter, Sunset in Au-
Marseilles, July 31, 1823. Landscape and tumn (1883); Mill Artois (1884) FaU of the ;

architecture painter pupil of Loubon and of Leaves, Evening after the Tempest (1885).
;

Troyon has travelled extensively in Turkey Works in the United States Village of Ar-
;
:

and Asia. Works Turkish Coffee-House tois in Winter, Snow Scene in Holland,
:

in Constantinople (1857); Walls of Constan- C. Crocker, San Francisco Moonlight after ;

tinople (1857); Banks of the Bosporus Rain, J. G. Fell, Philadelphia Stream be- ;

(1861), Luxembourg Museum Caravansary tween the Hills, H. R. Bishop, New York.
;

in Trapezunt (1864); Ceremony of Kissing Vapereau (1880), 300.

80S
 BRfiTON

BRfiTON, JULES ADOLPHE, born at Cincinnati Tired Gleaner, Hurlbut Collec-

;

Courrieres (Pas-de-Calais), May 1, 1827. tion, Cleveland; Sea Bird, D. Catlin, St

Genre painter ; pu- Louis Burning Brushwood, Little Glean-
;

pil of Drolling and er's Rest, Mrs. W. P. Wilstach, Philadel-

Devigne, whose phia Departure for the Fields, G. Whitney,
;

daughter he mar- Philadelphia Evening, A. Spencer, New

;

ried one of the

;
York Breton Washerwomen at the Sea-
;

best French paint- shore, E. D. Morgan Collection, New York ;

ers village and

of Gathering Water-Lilies, Peasant Woman,
country life. Med- J. T. Martin, Brooklyn Tired Gleaner, C. ;

als 3d class, 1855

:
;
S. Smith, New York Overdrawn Score, J. ;

2d class, 1857 1st ; Hoey, New York Close of the Day, Sunny
;

class, 1859, 1861, Day, Repose, W. T. Walters, Baltimore ;

1867 medal of honour, 1872 L. of Honour, Potato Harvest, H. C. Gibson, Philadelphia

; ; ;

1861 Officer, 1867.

;
Works Misery and Brittany Woman, Rainbow, W. H. Vander-
:

Despair (1849); Harvesters' Return (1853);

The Gleaners, I. Pereire ;
The Day after St.

Peasant Girls telling Fort-

Sebastian, Little
unes (1855); Planting a Cemetery, Lille
Museum Blearing the Harvest (1857), Re-
;

call of the Gleaner* (1859), Evening (1861), bilt, New York Reaper's Rest, Wm. Astor, ;

The Gle.aiwr (1877), Luxembourg Museum; New York. Larousse Meyer, Gesch., 642 ; ;

The Fire, Weed Gatherers (1861), Comte Portfolio (1875), 2.

Duchatel ;
Consecration of BRETT, JOHN, born in England con-
the Church of ;

Oignies, Haymaker, Return- temporary. Landscape and marine painter

M. de Clerq ; ;

ing from Fields (1863); Vintage at Chateau studio at Putney. Elected an A.R.A. in
Lagrange, Comte Duchatel Reading, Tur- 1881. Works Spires of Channel Islands
;
:

key Keeper (1864); End of the Day, Blue (1875); Sir Thomas's Tower (1876); Cornish
Monday, Recall of the Gleaners (1865); Lions (1877); Carnarvon Bay (1878);
Spring of Water near the Sea, Harvest-Time Stronghold of the Seison (1879) Britan- ;

(1867); Women gathering Potatoes, Helio- nia's Realm, Sandy Shallows

of Seashore

trope (1868); Plenary Indulgence in Brit- (1880); St. Ives Bay, Golden Prospects
tany, Bad Grass (1869); Breton Washer- St. Catherine's Well (1881); Falling
Barom-
women, Woman Spinning (1870); Girl eter, Grey of the Morning (1882); Yellow
tending Cows, The Fountain (1872); The Sands, Welsh Dragons (1883); Norman
Cliff, When the Cat's away the Mice will Archipelago (1885). Art Journal (1882), 57.
play (1874); St. John (1875); Village Girl BREU (Brew, Prew), JORG (Georg), died
(1879); Evening (1880); Artois Woman in Augsburg, 1536. German school prob- ;

(1881); Evening (1882); The ably pupil of Hans Burgkmair,

at Finistere whose
Rainbow, Morning (1883); Communicants style his pictures recall, as well as that of
(1884); Last Ray, Song of the Lark (1885). Altdorfer. The anatomi- T T *"T
Works in the United States Peasant Girl cal treatment of his figures:

J t ^
Knitting, Grand Pardon in Brittany, Miss is defective, but his land-
C. L. Wolfe, New York Gleaner, Samuel scape backgrounds are re-
;

Hawk Collection, New York Harvest, W. markable. Works Ma- ;

:

Rockefeller, New York

Lookout, C. donna, Berlin Museum
;
R }>
Taft, Providence Fleur de Sable, J. Carey (1512); Battle of Zama, Old Pinakothek,
;

Coale, Baltimore Gleaners, H. Probasco, Munich Madonna (1523), Ambras Collec-

; ;
 BREUGUEL
tion, Vienna
Adoration of the Magi, Hos-
; (1881); At Curzon's Mills Newburyport
pital church, Coblentz.Kunst-Chronik, x. (1882) ;
In
Neighbour's Garden (1883).
my
388; W. & W., ii. 452. Works in water-colour Indian Summer's :

BREUGHEL. See Brueghd. Sunset (1869); Maiden's Rock Lake Pepin

BREVOORT, JAMES RENWICK, born (1870); ML Adams (1871); On the Winding
in Westchester County, N. July Esopus, Time and Tide (1874); Spring
Y., 20,
1832. Landscape painter; pupil of Thomas Morning (1875); Foggy Morning Grand
Cummings. Visited Europe in 1873, spend- Menan (1876); St. Michael's Mount (1877);
ing seven years abroad, chiefly in Florence; In a Tide Harbour (1878). Art Journal
has sketched at different times in Switzer- (1877), 174 Sheldon, 144. ;

land, Holland, England, the Abruzzi moun- BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR, John

tains, and about the Italian lakes. Win. H. Vanderbilt, New
Elected Everett Mtilais,
an A.N.A. in 1861, and N.A. in 1863 pro- York. Lucy Ashton, recovered from her
;

fessor of perspective at National Academy, swoon, but not yet from her bewilderment
1872. Studio in New York. "Works Scene and terror, clings helplessly, yet
:
trustingly,
in Holland near Arnheim, Lake of Corno to the arm of the Master of Ravenswood,
near Varenna (1878); Storm on English whose dark and piercing
glance indicates
Moor (1882) May Morning Lake of Como the approach of Sir William Ashton, who is
;

(1883); New England Scene, Morning in not seen background a rocky recess, re-
;

Early Winter (1884). lieved by the sparkle of a tiny burn and by a

BREYDEL, KAKEL, called the Cheva- growth of ferns and wild-flowers. Painted in
lier, born in Antwerp in 1677, died in 1878. Engraved by J. O. Barlow. Builder
Ghent, Nov. 4, 1744.school;Flemish (1878), 449 Art Journal (1878), 143.
;

painter of scenes from military life, in imi- BRIDGES, FIDEUA, born in Salem,
tation of Van der Meulen, and views of the Mass. contemporary. Landscape and flow-
;

Rhine in the manner of Jan Griffier

pupil er painter; pupil of W. T. Richards, in
:

of Peeter Ykens, but really formed himself

Philadelphia also studied a year abroad. ;

in Holland and Germany. He led a very Elected an A.N.A. in 1874. Works in oil:
erratic life, leaving his wife in
Antwerp Wild Flowers in Wheat (1869); Views on
vainly expecting his return. "Works Com- the Ausable (1870); Thistles and Yellow-
:

bat of Horsemen, Areniberg Gallery, Brus- Birds

(1873); Salt Marshes (1874); Edge of
sels; Two Cavalry Skirmishes.
Brussels Rye Field (18.75); Old Grave (1876); Rob-
Museum; Landscape Cassel Gallery. in'sBath (1877); Daisies; Banks of an English
(2),
His brother, Frans (1679-1750), was court Stream, Old Boat's Last
Mooring (1881).
painter at Cassel, and lived for some time Water-colours: Pickerel Weed (1871); Lily
in London. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 37; Pond (1874); Mouth of River (1875); By
Michiels, x. 518. the Sea, Flock of Snow Birds, Kingfisher
BRICHER, ALFRED THOMPSON, and Catkins (1876); Kingbird on the Look-
born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, out (1878).
April 10, 1839. Landscape and marine BRJDGMAN, FREDERICK ARTHUR,
painter; self-taught. Began to paint in born at Tuskegee, Ala., in 1847. Genre paint-
1858; sent first picture to National Acad- er ; pupil of Brooklyn Art Association, and
emy in 1868. Elected A.N.A. in 1879. in 1866 of L.
Gerome, in Paris. In 1870-72
Studio in New York. "Works in Mill
he sketched in the Pyrenees, and in 1873-4
oil :

Stream at Newburyport (1868); Ironbound in Algiers, Egypt, and Nubia. Medals :

Island Coast of Maine; Baby is King, Day Paris, 3d class, 1877 2d class and L. of ;

Dreams, Last of Flying Cloud (1880); En- Honour, 1878. Elected N.A. in 1881. Stu-
gagement Ring, Castle Rock Marblehead dio in Paris. Works Apollo bearing off :
 BRIELMAN
Cyrene, Interior of a Harem (1875); Moor- BRIL (Brill), MATTHEUS, born in Ant-
ish Interior, Donkey Boy of Cairo, Chapel werp in 1550, died in Rome in 1584. Flem-
in Brittany ish school.Went when young to Rome, and
Noon, Nubian was employed by Gregory XHL to execute
Story-Teller works in the Vatican, chiefly landscapes in
(1876); Funeral \H* *S oil and in fresco. Works Stag Hunt (2), :

of a Mummy Louvre Tobias and his Wife, Boar Hunt,

;

(1877), J. G. Dresden Gallery Italian Landscape, Bruns-

;

Bennett, New wick Museum Landscape with Shepherds,

;

York; Market Ambras Collection, Vienna Hunting Scene, ;

Scene in Nubia, Naples Museum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii.

Kybelian Wo- 55 Fetis, Les Artistes beiges a 1'etranger,
;

man (1878) Al- ;

i. 143.
meh, R
G. Dun, N. Y. Waiting for Orders
; BRIL, PAUWEL, born in Antwerp in
Souvenir of Coustantine, Algeria (1881); 1554, died in
Interior of Biskra House Algeria, H. Rome, Oct. 7,R
Keene, New York; Eastern Lady (1882), La 1626. Flem-
D ...
man___ temoon
JDriaGm
ish school
brother of Mat-
;

'88$
Hours, At theus Bril,
the Window Cairo (1883) Caid's Escort whose success
;

nt Rest (1884), Thos. B. Clarke, New York; in Rome at-

Family Bath at Cairo, My Last Price (1884); tracted him

Summer on the Bosporus (1885). Sheldon, thither, and
150. whom he suc-
BRIELMAN, JACQUES ALFRED, born ceeded in the
contemporary. Landscape painter Vatican. Pupil of Damien Oortelman, then
in Paris ; ;

pupil of Lavieille. Medal, 3d class, 1882. in Rome of his brother painted principally ;

Works Old Trees of Drevant (1881); Even- landscapes, but also executed figures welL
:

iug in the Cevennes (1882); Oaks in Forest He left many works in oil and fresco, and ex-
of Troncuis, Chateau de la Mothe at Marais ercised great influence upon Rubens, Anni-

(1883), Th. Regnault; Falling Eaiu (1884); bale Carracci, and Claude Lorrain, becoming
Le Champ-Rouge at Meaulne (1885). thereby most important for the development
BRIGGS, HENRY PERRONET, born of landscape art. Works Landscapes with :

at Walworth in 1792, died in London, Jan. Figures (4), Madrid Museum

Duck Hunt, ;

18, 1844. Began his art studies in 1811 at Diana and Nymphs, Fishermen (1624), Pan
the Royal Academy, where he exhibited and Syrinx, St Jerome in Prayer (1609),
a portrait in 1814 ; was for nearly twenty three other Landscapes (1617, 1620), Lou-
years an exhibitor of historical works, but I
vre, Paris Prodigal Sou, Antwerp Museum
; ;

during the latter part of his life his pict- Ruins with Figures, National Museum,
ures were chiefly portraits. He became an Amsterdam Landscapes with Roman Ruins
;

ARA. inand 1825, in 1832. RA

His
!

(2), Brunswick Museum Hilly Landscape

;

First Conference between the Spaniards with Castle, Darmstadt Museum Christ ;

and the Peruvians in 1531, and his Juliet healing the Possessed (1601), Landscape by
;

and the Nurse, are in the National Gal- Seashore, Old Pinakothek, Munich Laud-
j
;

lery, London. Redgrave F. de Conches, scapes (9, four dated 1600, 1608, 1624,
;

417 Art Union, March, 1844 Sandby, ii. 1626), Dresden Gallery do. (4), Berlin Mu-
; ; ;

146. seum do. (2), Hermitage, St Petersburg

; ;

805
 BRILLOUIN
do. (1), Peterhof St. Paul in the Desert, of Piepouzin (1883).
; Vapereau (1880),
Boar Hunt, Triumph of Psyche, and others, 305.
Uffizi, Florence ;Christ on Calvary, Diana BRION, GUSTAVE, born at Rothau, Al-
and Callisto, three oth- sace, Oct. 24,
c rs Palazzo Doria,
) 1824, died in
Eome ; Baptism of Paris, Nov. 4,

Christ, St. Cecilia, Na- 1877. Genre

ples Museum.
PBKll- Others
in Milan, Mentz, and
painter, pupil
of Gabriel Gu6r-
Stockholm. Biog. nat. in in Strasburg.
PAVOLO de Belgique, iii. 56 Ch. ;
Painted Alsatian
life with much
BRILLI Blanc, IScole flamande
Fetis, Les Artistes
;

success. Med-
beiges a l'6tranger, i. 143 ; Michiels, vi. als : 2d class,
156; Rooses (Reber), 117. 1853-59-61-67;
BRILLOUIN, LOUIS GEORGES, born 1st class, 1863 medal of honour, 1868 ;
;

at St.Jean d'Angely, April 22, 1817. Fig- L. of Honour, 1863; Order of

Leopold of
ure painter pupil of Drolling, and of Cabat. Belgium.
;
Works: Alsatian Interior (1847);
Medals in 1865, 1869, and 1874. Works Tow-Path (1852); Wood Cutters of the Black
:

Rubens' Studio, Characters from Victor Forest, Potato Crop in Alsace Alsatians ;

Hugo's Poems (1847); Sermon in Provence, Threshing (1853); Bretons at the Door of a
Visit of the Amateurs, Profession of Arms Church during Mass, Funeral on the Rhine

(1857); Rembrandt in his Studio, Messire (1859); Siege of a Town by the Romans, Al-
Josue's Pew in Church, Amateurs visiting,
satian Wedding, Wedding Feast,
Battery of
Page amusing Himself (1859) Artist in Military Machines (1861), bought by Emper-
;

Camp, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York Musi- or Jesus walking on the Sea Pilgrims of
; ; ;

cal Party (1861) ; Medicine, Odile (1863), Luxembourg Museum; End

Meditation, St.

Backgammon (1863) Playing Games, The of the Deluge, Wolf-Hunting in Spain (1864);
;

Huntsman (1865); The Outpost, Officers The King's Day (1865) Reading the Bible ;

making a Reconuoissance, The Gazette, (1867); Funeral in Venice (1868); Dance of

The Host's Portrait, The Patrol (1867) ;
the Cock (1872); Alsatian Wedding (1874);
Lantara's Quota, Callot in his Youth (1868); Day of Baptism (1875); First Steps (1876);
Letter of Recommendation, Book Peddler, Awakening the Pilgrims to Saint Odile (1877).
Bibliomaniac, Mau-at-Arms (1869) The ;
Works in United States : Alsatian Christen-
Prince's Education, The Equipment (1870); ing, Leaving Church, Miss C. L.Wolfe, New
Rural Scene, A Captain (1872); Gossip York; Bouquet, R. C. Taft, Providence; Brit-
(1873); George Daudin's "Wedding, Lindor tany Peasants at Prayer, J. W. Garrett, Balti-
Moor and the Marsh (1874); Old Papers, more Alsatian Peasant Girl, J. Carey Coale, ;

Old Pipe, Mandoliuata (1875); Profession of Baltimore Invasion, C. Parson, St. Louis ; ;

the Younger Son, Antechamber (1876) Marriage in Alsace, Alex. ;

Hunting for Recruits, Bouquet to Chloe Brown, Philadelphia Char- ;

(1877); Morning on the Meadows, Storm coal Furnace, R. L. Stuart,

and Rain in the Marshes (1879) Peasants New York Decking the Vil-
; ;

Resting, Singing Songs (1880) Family lage Crucifix, J. Hoey, New

;
15"
of a Condemned Man waiting for last Fare- York do., Israel Corse, New York. j ; Meyer,
well (1881); Woods of Bourboule, Even- Gesch., 702 Montrosier, Artistes modernes. ;

ing on the Plain of Saintonge (1882) ; His BRISPOT, HENRI, born at Beauvais ;
Highness in the Trenches, The Commune contemporary. Genre and portrait painter.

206
 BRISSET

pupil of Bonnat Medal, 3d class, 1885. (1880); Flight of Helen (1881), one of a se-
Works In the Country (1881) La Greve ries painted for Wyfold Court, seat of lato
: ;

des Forgerons (1882); Churchwarden's Pew Edward Hermon, M.P. Che sara sara, Ang- ;

(1883); Baptismal Feast, Portrait of

Cormon lers, An Idyl, Baby Ida (1882) Boys and ;

(1884) Burial of a
;
Farmer in Picardy (1885). Dolphins, decorative frieze executed for Earl

BKISSET, PIERRE NICOLAS, born in of Leconfield (1883) ; Idyl, Genii of Sport

Paris, Aug. 1810. History and genre (1885).
18,
painter; pupil of Picot, and of the ficole BROECK, CRISPIN DEN, born at VAN
des Beaux Arts. Won
the grand prix de Mechlin in 1530 (?), died in Holland about
Rome in 1840. Medals, 2d class, 1847, 1855; 1601. Flemish school pupil of Frans Flo-
;

L. of Honour, 1868. Works Death : of Pri- ris ; entered the Antwerp guild in 1555, be-
am (1840); St. Laurence showing the Treas- came a citizen in 1559. Was also an archi-
ures of the Church (184G) St. Sebastian tect and engraver on both metal and wood.
;

(1855), ordered by State Fishermen enter- Works Adoration of the Magi, Vienna Mu-
;
:

ing a Church (1865) ;

seum Last Judgment (1571), Antwerp Mu-
Such is the Way to ;

Heaven (1868); Two Sisters of Charity (1876). seum do., Brussels Museum Holy Family, ; ;

Has executed works in St. Vincent de Paul, Madrid Museum. Cat. du Musde d'Anvers
Paris, and other churches. Vapereau (1880), (1874), 428 ; Nagler, Mon., ii. 297.
306. (Brock), ELIAS VAN DEN, BROECK
BRISSOT DE WARVILLE, FELIX SA- born in Antwerp (?) about 1657, died in Am-
TURNIN, born at Sens (Yonne); contempo- sterdam in 1711. Dutch school flower ;

rary. Animal painter, pupil of L. Cogniet. painter, pupil of Cornelis de Heem his pict- ;

Medal, 2d class, 1882. Works In the Plain, ures are true to nature and fine in colouring.
:

The Thicket (1881); Sheep in Meadow (1882); Works Three pictures of still life, Mu- :

Flock of Sheep, Leaving the Park (1883); seum, Vienna two in Liechtenstein Gallery, ;

Sheep at Rest, The Return (1884); Interior ib. Flowers,Rotterdam Museum. Michiels, ;

of Sheepfold, Return of the Flock (1885). x. 444.

BRISTOL, JOHN BUNYAN, born at BROEDERLAM (Brooderlam), MEL-

1

Hillsdale, New York, March 14, 1826. Land- CHIOR, born at Ypres. Flemish school
[
;

scape painter pupil at Hudson of Henry flourished latter part of 14th century, when
;

Ary. In 1859 visited Florida and painted he became painter and valet-de-chambro |

from his sketches tropical pictures which to Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.

brought him into notice. Elected an A.N. In 1398 he painted Scripture subjects on
A. in 1861, and N.A. in 1874. Studio in the wings of two shrines sculptured by
New York. Works View of Mt. Oxford :
Jacques de la Baerse of Dendermonde, for
(1876, medal of honour, Philadelphia) On ;
the Carthusian Convent at Dijon, and now in
the St. John's River Florida; Monument the museum of that city. His style has the
Mountains Mt. Equinox View of Lake faults of the Westphalian school, tempered
; ;

Champlain from Ferrisburg (1878), pur- by the more graceful and tender feeling of
chased by Directors of Paris Exposition As- the school of Cologne. C. & C., Flemish
;

cutney Mountains; Valley of the Housatonic Painters, 19 Biog. uat. de Belgique, iii. 78;
; ;

Delaware River near Port Jervis (1880) Lake Michiels, ii. 33. ;

Placid Adirondacks (1881); Near Stock- BROKEN PITCHER (Cruche cassee), J.

bridge, Mass. (1882); Valley of the Connecti- B. Qreuze, Louvre canvas, H. 3 ft. 7 in. x 2 ;

cut, Vermont (1883). ft. 9 in. A young girl, in a white dress, with
BRITTEN, W. E. F., born in England a violet ribbon and white flowers in her hair,
;

contemporary. Exhibits chiefly at Grosveuor and a gauze fichu which half conceals a
Gallery. Works Music (1879) ; Dancing crushed rose upon her breast, stands holding
:

S07
 BROMEIS
flowers in her robe, and bearing on her BRONCHORST (Bronckhorst), JAN
arm a cracked pitcher. Bought at sale of VAN, born at Utrecht in 1603, died at Am-
Marquis de Verri (1785) for 3000 fr. En- sterdam in April, 1678 (?). Dutch school;
graved by Massard A. Leroy. Study in genre and landscape painter first studied
; ;

National Gallery, Edinburgh. glass painting under Jan Verburgh, then at

Arras under Peter Mathys, and in Paris
under Chamu after his return was induced ;

by his friendship with Poelenburg to take

up oil painting, which he studied by him-
self. Works
Assembly with Young Man
:

playing Guitar (1644), do. with Young Girl ;

Arcadian Concert, Brunswick Museum ;

Grotto with bathing Nymphs, Liechtenstein

Gallery, Vienna Landscape,; Rotterdam
Museum. Immerzeel, i. 104 ; Kramm, i.

165 ; Riegel, Beitrage, ii. 185.

BRONIKOFF, THEODOR, born at
Schadrinsk, Siberia, in 1826. History and
genre painter ; pupil of St. Petersburg
Academy, where in 1853 he received the
great gold medal then studied for five
;

years in Germany, France, Italy, and the

East. Studio in Rome. Works : Peetus
and Arria, Pythagoreans greeting Sunrise,
Horace reading his Satires to Augustus,
Broken Pitcher, Jean Baptists Greuze, Louvre.
Alcibiades and Aspasia before the Archon,
The Outcast, Names' Day, Meeting of the
BROMEIS, AUGUST, bom at Wilhelms- Council of Ten in Venice, Christian Doc-
hohe, near Cassel, Nov. 28, 1813, died in trine, Peasant Girl of Nemi, A Master in
Cassel, Jan. 12, 1881. Landscape painter, Mosaics before the Tribunal of Three in
pupil of the Cassel Academy ; studied in Venice (1867). Miiller, 79.
1831-33 in Munich, then until 1848 in Rome, BRONZING, AGNOLO (Angiolo), born
under Jos. Ant. Koch. After his return lived at Monticelli,
in Cassel and Frankfort, and in 1857 moved near Florence,
to Dtisseldorf, principally for the sake of in 1502-3, died

being near A. Achenbach. In 1867 he be- in Florence,

came professor at the Cassel Academy. Nov. 23, 1572.
Member of Berlin
Academy. Works Twi- : Florentine
View near Olevano, Two Land-
light (18G1), school; real
scapes from the Habichtswald, View in the name Agnolo
Campagna (1862), Cassel Gallery Grave of ; or Angiolo di
Archimedes, View in Sabine Mountains, Cosimo Allori,
Moorish Laundry near Palermo, Wood near but commonly
Dttsseldorf, Italian Landscape with Calabri- called H Bron-
an Shepherd (1869), National Gallery, Ber- zino. Pupil of Raffaelino del Garbo and
lin Civitella by Moonlight
;
(1866) Capri ;
later of Jacopo da Pontormo, whom he
(1874) ; From the Campagna (1879). Miil- assisted in some of his most considerable
ler, 79 ; Kunst-Chrouik, xvi. 296. works. He was a great admirer of Michel-

808
 BROOK
and someof his works show his in- and J. P. Laurens. Medal : 3d class, 1884.
nngelo,
fluence, though he was not one of his imi- Works : Violation of the Tomb of Urgel
tators. He painted both in fresco and in (1881); Women of Paris going to Versailles
oil, and was a decided
mannerist in his his- in 1789 to demand Bread (1882); At the
torical pictures. His portraits of members Dockyard (1883); Exorcism (1884); Jewish
of the Medici family, his patrons, and of Wedding at Constantino (1885), M. Chateau.
many distinguished men of his time, are by BROUWER (Brauwer), ADRIAEN, born
far his best works and among the finest of at Oudenardo
the 16th century. His largest work is De- in 1605 or 1606,
scent of Christ into Limbo (1552), died in Ant- Uffizi,

Florence. Among werp, buried

his best pictures are :

The Engineer, Pitti, Florence Lady, Boy Feb. 1, 1638. ;

with a Letter, Young Sculptor, Uffizi, Flemish school;

Florence; Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time, genre painter,
of a and one of the
Knight of St. Stephen, Portraits
Lady and of Duke Cosimo L, National great masters
Gallery, London Venus and Cupid,
Buda- in this line in-
; ;

Pesth Gallery Dead Christ, Florence fluenced by

;

Academy Christ appearing to Magdalen, Pieter Brueghel

;

the elder, and by Rubens. Houbraken's

BRONCO TiOKOMTINO assertion that he was a pupil of Frans Hals
Louvre. Vasari, ed. Le Mou., 159, cannot be substantiated.
xiii. If he went to

170 Ch. Blanc,

;
cole florentine Burck- Holland at all, it was not until about 1630,
;

hardt, 640, 047, 756, 758 ; Meyer, Kiinst. when he was a finished artist. He was reg-
Lex., i. 494. istered in the Antwerp guild between Sept.

BKOOK, Thomas Gainsborough, National 18, 1631, and Sept. 18, 1632. Works:
Gallery, London; canvas, H. 4 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. Tavern Interior (2), Smoker,
two others,
11 in. A wagoner, standing at left on a Louvre Drinkers at Table, Brawl in a Tav- ;

rustic foot-bridge, is endeavouring to start ern, Brussels Museum two Peasant Scenes, ;

up team of four horses tandem, which

his Cassel Gallery Surgical Operation and two
;

have stopped to drink at a brook. Some- others, Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort Peasants ;

times called the Watering Place. Vernon at Cards, Spanish Soldiers at Dice, two

Gallery purchased in 1838 for

;
220 10s. Surgical Scenes, Fiddler in Tavern,
Card
Engraved by J. C. Bentley in Art Journal. Players fighting, and three others, Old Pina-
Brock-Arnold, 25 Art Journal (1849), 72. kothek, Munich Fight of Three Peasants
; ;

BROSAMER, HANS, born probably at over Dice, Obedient Hus-

Fulda between 1480 and 1490, died at Er- band, Peasants' Brawl,
furt about 1554. German school three others, Dresden Gal-
; portrait
painter. One ofMasters, and lery
the Little ;
Peasant asleep in a Tavern, Old Wo-
more notable as an engraver than as a
painter. Works : Male Portrait (1520), Vi-
enna Museumothers in piivate galleries
;

in Cologne and Vienna. Scott, Little Mas-

ters, 121 Allgem.
;
d. Biog., iii. 363 W. & ;

W., ii. 433 ; Kunst-Chronik, xiii. 494.

BROUILLET, (PIERKE) ANDRfi, born
at Charroux (Vienne) contemporary. His- man at Toilet, Smoker, Fray at Dice, and two
;

tory and portrait painter, pupil of Gerome others, Berlin Museum Interior with Peas- ;

209
 BROWN
ants, St. Peters- much promise
and four others, Hermitage, his daughters, Mrs. W. M. ;

burg others
;
in Liechtenstein, Czernin, Ar- Rossetti and Mrs. F. Hueffer, are also paint-
taria, and Schtinborn Galleries, Vienna, in ers. Portfolio (1870), 81, 119 ; Scribner's
Schleissheim Gallery in Cologne, Stockholm Mag. (1872), iv. 157 ;
Art Journal (1873),
and Madrid Museums, and in private 105; (1881), 262; collec- May, Eraser's Mag.,
tions,England. Allgem. d. Biog., iii. 366 1865, 598 I/Art (1882), iv. 81, 101, 161
; ; ;

Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 826 Ch. Blanc, Ingram, Biog. of Oliver M. Brown (London,
;

Kcole hollandaise Bode, Studien, 208

; 1883). ;

Dohme, li; Kugler (Crowe), ii. 417; P. BROWN, GEORGE LORING, born in
Mantz, Adrien Brauwer; Michiels, ix. 156 Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1814. Landscape
;

Schmidt, Das Leben des Malers A. Brouwer painter ; pupil of Washington Allston, and
in Paris of Eugene Isabey. Visited Europe
(Leipsic, 1873).
BROWN, FORD MADOX,
born at in 1840 and painted in Antwerp, Florence,
English parents, April 16, Rome, Paris, and London
Calais, France, of returned to ;

1821. Studied in Bruges Academy, at America in 1860. Studio in Maiden.

Ghent, under Van Hanselaer, and in 1837-39 Works Bay of New York (1860), Crown of :

in Antwerp Academy was in Paris in 1841- New England (1861), Prince of Wales Ven-
; ;

44, and in Rome in 1845, in which year he ice, Sunset

Genoa, Niagara by Moonlight
settled in London. Belongs to the realistic (1876) Moonlight Scene in Venice (1877)
; ;

school, with a tendency toward Pre-Raphael- Capri (1878); Doge's Palace at Sunset (1881);
itisni, though he refused to join the Brother- Sunrise Venice (1882) Doge's Palace ;

hood in 1849. Has exhibited but little at Venice (1884) do. at Sunrise (1885). Art
;

the Royal Academy. Works in oil, water- Journal (1880), 370 Zeitsch. f. b. K, vi. 61. ;

colours, and in fresco. Since 1850 he has born in BROWNE, Mme. HENREETTE,
been painting a series of frescos (each H. Paris, 1829. Maiden name Sophie de Bou-
4 ft. 10 in. x 10 ft. 5 in.) in the Town Hall teiller married in 1853 M. Jules Desaux, ;

of Manchester, illustrative of the history of secretary to Comte Walewski, but

adopted
the city. Subjects The Romans building the name of Browne from a maternal ances-
:

a Fort at Manciuion (A.D. 60); Baptism at tor. Genre painter; pupil of Chaplin. Med- j

York Edwin, King of Nortlmmbria (627); als 3d class in 1855, 1857, and 1859 2d
of :
;

Expulsion of the Danes from Manchester class in 1861; 3d class for engraving in 1863.
(about 910); Establishment of Flemish Has sketched in the East and in North Afri-
Weavers in Manchester (1330); William ca. Works A Brother of the Christian :

Crabtree observing the Transit of Venus School, Poor School at Aix, Mutual Educa-
(1639); Defence of Manchester by Bradshaw tion, The Rabbits (1855); Puritans, Cate-
(1642). Works: Wicklif reading his Trans- chism, Grandmother, The Lesson (1857) ;

lation of the Bible to John of Gaunt (1848); Sisters of Charity, The -Toilette, A Sister,
Lear and Cordelia (1849); Pretty Baa-Lambs An Apothecary's (1859); Woman of Eleusis,
(1851); Last of England (1852); Chaucer A Visit, Harem in Constantinople, Woman
reading at Court of Edward III. Our Ladye playing Flute, Consolation (1861); Turkish
;

of Good Children Cordelia's Portion

;
Child (1864) Celina and her Sister, The
; ;

Ehud and Eglon Work (1865); Coat of Awakening (1868) A Court at Damas, Nu-
; ;

Many Colours (1865); Elijah raising the bian Dancing Women (1869); The Oranges
Widow's Son Jacopo Foscari; The En- (1870); Alsace (1872); No Matter, The
;

tombment Haydn and Don Juan Sardan- Medallion (1873) Portraits, Coptic Poet
; ; ;

apalus and Myrrha Romeo and Juliet (1874) The Parroquet (1875); The Ducat,
;
!

(1870). His son, Oliver Madox Brown A Bibliophile (1876). Larousse; Stephens,
(1855-1874) was a painter and author of 271. i

210
 BROWN
BROWN, J. APPLETON, born at New- Crimea (1863) Hunting Incident, In the ;

buryport, Mass., July 24, 1844. Landscape Woods of Vincennes in 1863, Encampment
painter pupil
;
of B. C. Porter, in Boston, of Spahis at St. Maur (1864); Imperial Mili-
and of Emile Lambinet in Paris. He painted tary Stud (bought by the Emperor), Pen-
sioners' Day, At the Outposts (1865); Riding
his first notable studies in Switzerland dur-

ing a trip through Europe. Studio in Bos- School (1866, bought by Emperor); Morn-
ton. Works Summer, View at Dives Cal- ing in the Camp of Chalons, The Day after
:

vados France (1875); Old Road near Paris; (1867); two incidents in the War of Inde-
November On the Merriinac Autumn pendence and in Seven Years' War (1868);
; ; ;

Storm at the Isles of Shoals Glen Mill Battle of Ligny in 1815, Count de Saxo
;

Brook Byfield, Mass. (1881) ; Springtime (1869) Hallali (1870) Reichshofen, Dogs
; ;

(1884). Art Journal (1879), 74 Sheldon, Running (1872); News of the Defeat of Weis-
;

117. senburg brought to Hagenau, Outposts of

BROWN, JOHN, born in England, IGth the First Corps in 1870 (1873); Landscape
century. Was sergeant-painter to Heiiry with Animals, Zoological Garden, Incident
VIZI.,with a salary of 10 a year. In 1553 in Battle of Fruschwiller (1874) Norman ;

he built Painters' Hall for the company, and Jockeys, Interrupted Journey, Officer arrest-
his portrait is preserved there. Redgrave. ing Salt-Smugglers (1875) ; Rising Tide,
BROWN, JOHN born at Durham, Sentimental Journey (1876)
G., Frenchmen ;

England, Nov. 11, 1831. Genre painter beating in Game, Visit to the Salt Marshes
;

studied first at Newcastle-on-Tyne, then at of Croisic, Dutch Horses (1877); Incident in

Edinburgh Academy, and in 1853 in National the military life of Marshal Couflans, Hunt- j

Academy Schools, New York. Professional ing Scene (1878); Officer attacked by Plun-
life passed in Brooklyn and New York. derers, Souvenir of the Isle of Wight (1880); '.

Elected an A.N.A. in 1862, and N.A. in 1863. Across Country (1881) Relay of Omnibus ;

Studio in New York. Works Longshore- Horses (1884) Hallali,Return from the Chase
: ;

man's Noon Tough Customers Country (1885).

; ;

Gallants Thrilling Moment Dress Parade

; BROWNING, ROBERT BARRETT, born
; ;

Three (Scape) Graces Left his Money on in England about 1848. Genre painter
; ;

the Piano Curling in Central Park (1876); son of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Brown-
;
!

Passing Show (1878); Sunny Day (1879); ing. Studied at Antwerp and Paris. Works ! :

Thrilling Moment (1880); Hiding, Long, Antwerp (1878) Stall Worker in Brass ;

Long Ago (1881); Old Shaver (1883); Merry in Fish Market at Antwerp, Dinant on I

Air and a Sad Heart, Amused (1884) Under the Meuse (1879); Still Life, Disturbed
;

the Weather, Wounded Playfellow (1884) Life, Tan Garden Dinant (1881); Vespers :

A Jolly Lot, The Monopolist (1885) Shel- (1882); Valley of the Meuse (1884); portrait
don, 141. of Robert Browning (1885), Baliol College ;

BROWN, JOHN LEWIS, born at Bor- Landscape, Boston Museum of Fine Arts ;

deaux, Aug. 16, 1829. Genre painter, chiefly Meuse from Bouvigne, New York Museum.
military and hunting scenes pupil of C. Exhibited at Grosvenor Gallery (1884) a
;

Roqueplan and of Belloc. Medals in 1865, bronze statue and two busts. ,

1866, and 1867; L. of Honour,1870. Works BROZIK, VACZLAV, bom at Tzemosch- :

A Drum, Nidjeb (a horse), Colledano Letra- na, near Pilsen, Bohemia, in 1852. History
do (a horse), Henriot on the 10th of August, painter pupil of the Prague Academy, in
!

Custine at Spire (1848); An Outpost, Retreat Munich of Piloty, and in Paris of Mun-
'

before Wolves, Steeple-Chase, Interior of a kacsy studio in Paris since 1876. Medal, ;

Stable, Horses on the Turf (1861) Dogs 2d class, 1878. Works Farewell of Ottokar
;
:

pausing, One of the Cent-Gardes, In the IL (1874), The Kias, St Iria, Dagrnar,

211
 BRUAKDET
Daughter of Premysl, Ottokar I. taken Calycadnus, Women of Weinsberg, Thus- !

from Convent by Waldemar of Denmark nelda in Captivity, Stuttgart Gallery The ;

(187G) The Good Friend (1876)

;
Em- Maiden from Afar, Royal Castle, Friedrichs-
;

bassy of Ladislaus of Bohemia to Charles hafen The Sirens, Romeo and Juliet, Birth ;

VII of Prance (1878), National Gallery, Ber- of Venus, St. Lucas, Allegories of the Fine
lin Game of Chess (1879) Meeting of Arts. Allgem. d. Biogr., iii. 397 Raczynski,
; ; ;

Charles IV. with Petrarch and Laura at ii. 205.

Avignon (1879); Heading the Bible, M. K. BRUEGHEL (Breughel), JAN, called
Jessup, New York Condemnation of John
;
Flu weelen
Huss by Council of Constance in 1415 (Velvet)
(1883) ; My
Children (1884) ;
First Pres- Bruege1 ,

entation (1885). MOller, 82. born in Brus-

BKUANDET, LAZARE, born in Paris sels in 1568,
in 1755, died there in 1803. Landscape died in Ant-
painter, in style of Ruisdael. Painted for- werp, Jan 13,
est views with success. Work View in : 1625. Flem-
Forest of Foutaiuebleau (1785), Louvre. ish school ;
Siret, 142 Ch. Blanc, Ecole francaise.
;
son of Peeter
BRUCK, LAJOS (Louis), born at Papa, B. the elder ;

Hungary, Nov. 3, painter painted chiefly landscapes, but also genre

184G. Genre ;

pupil of Vienna Academy studied in 1869- and mythological subjects, animals and still
;

72 in Italy, especially in Venice, where he [life; pupil at Antwerp of Peeter Goetkint,

was for a short time a pupil of the Acad- but mostly self-taught highly gifted and
i
;

emy ;
also pupil in Paris of Munkacsy. versatile. After a sojourn in Italy (1593-96),
Works: Unwilling Scholar, D. W. Powers, settled at Antwerp, where he was master of
Rochester, N. Y. Love Letter, M. K. Jessup, the guild in 1597, dean in 1602
;
a citizen ;

New York Departure for the City (1877); iii 1601. Was in Nuremberg in 1616. His
;

The Letter (1878) Forsaken (1879) Suit- works are characterized by realism, finish
; ;

able Outfit (1880); Fruit Girl, H. V. New- to the finest details, brilliancy of colour,
comb, New York ;
Children at Play, J.W. and correct perspective. Though a con-
Drexel, New York ; Noonday Rest (1883) ;
scientious and industrious artist, he was a
Foundery (1884) L'avare ( 1885).
; Muller, 82. rapid worker greatly esteemed by his con-
;

BRUCKMANN, FERDINAND ALEX- temporaries, he had a lasting influence, and

ANDER, born at Ellwangen, Feb. 21, 1806, trained several pupils and followers of re-
died in Stuttgart, Feb. 9, 1852. History nown often worked conjointly with Van
;

and portrait painter pupil of Wachter -in ; Balen, Rottenhammer, and Rubens, with
Stuttgart, in 1826, and of H. von Hess in whom he was allied in close friendship.
Munich, in 1827-29. In 1829 he went to Works: The Five Senses (7), The Four
Rome, and returned to Munich in 1833, Elements (4), Sciences and Arts, Earthly
when he painted in the king's bedchamber Paradise (3), Park of Brussels, thirty-seven
fourteen subjects from Theocritus, partly others, Madrid Museum Landscape (1600),
;

after sketches his Bridge of Talavera (1610), Earthly Paradise

by Hess, partly after
own. From 1840 he painted almost exclu- (1611), The Air (1621), three others, Louvre,
sively portraits, in Stuttgart, temporarily Paris; Sermon of St. Norbert at Antwerp,
also in Ulm, Augsburg, and Zurich. Be- Autumn, Brussels Museum Pieta (figures ;

came insane in consequence of an accident by Rubens), Antwerp Museum Earthly ;

in 1835, and eventually committed suicide. Paradise (figures by Rubens), Flight into
Works : Barbarossa's Body taken out of the Egypt (figures by Rottenhammer), City on
sia
 BRUEGHEL
a River (1C24), four others, National Mu- BRUEGHEL, PEETER, the elder, called
seum, Amsterdam Christ and the Magda- Boeren (Peasant) Brueghel, born at Brue-
1

len, Rotterdam Museum ;

The Flood, six ghe1 11 e a r ,

others, Cassel Gallery four in Brunswick ; Breda, about

Museum Forge of Vulcan (figures by Van
; 1525-1530, *
Balen), Feast of Bacchus (figures by Rot- died in Brus-

tenhammer), St. Hubert (figures by Ru- sels about

bens), The Paradise, Still Flem- life, Berlin Mu- 1570.
seum Landscapes (dated 1604, 1605 (3), ish school; pu-
;

1608 (3), 1611 (2), 1612, 1613), twenty-two pil of Pieter

others, Dresden Gallery Flora (figures by Koeck van
;

Rubens), Landscapes (1598, 1599, 1609, Aalst, and of ,

1610, 1612, 1615, 1616, 1620), eighteen Hierouymus

others, Adoration Cock, and greatly influenced by the works
Old Piuakothek, Munich ;

of the Magi (1598), The Four Elements of Hieronymus Bosch, whose subjects he im-

(1604, figures by Rottenhammer), Bouquet itated became master of the guild in Ant- ;

(1625), four others, Vienna Museum Land- werp

;
in 1551, and shortly after went to
scapes (7), Hermitage, St. Petersburg Italy ; Antwerp ;
after his return lived at
Christ on Lake Genesareth (1595), Land- until 1563, then settled at Brussels. Paint-
scapes with Hermits (1595, 1596, 1597), ed chiefly scenes from peasant life, which
Abundance (1605), Bouquet (1608), Daniel he treated from a realistic and humorous
in Lion's Den (1608), Fire and Water point
of view, not always avoiding coarse-
(1610, 1611), Ambrosiaua, also some scriptural subjects and
Milan. His ness ;

son Ambrosius (born Aug. 10, 1617, died ghost and incantation scenes, in the manner
Feb. 9, 1675), was a distinguished flower of Bosch. Left a great number of masterly
painter ; pupil of his brother Jan, the drawings, and some etchings made on his j

younger. AUgem. d. Biog., iii. 403 Biog. travels. Works Triumph of Death, Mad-
; \
:

nat. de Belgique, iii. 26 Ch. Blanc, ficole rid Museum

; Landscape, Village Dance, ;

flamande Cat. du Musee d'Anvers (1874), Louvre, Paris Job on his Dunghill, Douai
; ;

304 Dohme, li.; J. van der Kellen, i. 220 Museum Village Feast, Nancy Museum
; ; ; ;

Michiel, v. 351
Riegel, Beitriige,
;
ii. 40 ;
Massacre of the Innocents, Brussels Muse-
Rooses (Reber), 127. urn Christ on Lake Genesareth, Seaport,
;

BRUEGHEL, JAN, the younger, born in two Landscapes, Cassel Gallery ; St. John

Antwerp, baptized Sept. 13, 1601, died after preaching, Basle Museum ; do., and Peas-
1677. Flemish school ;
son and pupil of ants' Frolic, Old Pinakothek, Munich do., ;

Velvet Brueghel ;
went to Italy in 1622, and Peasants' Brawl, Dresden Gallery Con- ;

returned in 1625, little influenced by Italian test between Carnival and Lent (1559), Chil-

art. Like his father, he remained essen- dren's Frolic (1560), Massacre of the Inno-
tially Flemish. He was for a long time un- cents, Christ bearing the Cross (1563), Tow-
justly ignored, as many of his pictures er of Babel (1563), four others, Museum, Vi-
were attributed to his father. Rubens, enna St. John preaching, Dance of Death, ;

Van Diepenbeeck, Van Tulden, and Van Ba- The Blind leading the Blind, and others,
len often supplied the figures in his land- Liechtenstein Gallery, ib. The Blind leading ;

scapes. Works: Halt in front of an Inn the Blind (1568), Naples Museum Christ ;

(1641); Landscape, Tower on Seashore bearing his Cross, Uffizi, Florence. Allgem.
(1642), Dresden Gallery. Biog. nat. de Bel- d. Biog., iii. 400; Biog. nat de Belgique, iii.
gique, iii. 34 Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande
; 19 Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande Dohme, li. ;; ; ;

Dohme, li.; Michiels, v. 370. Michiels, v. 321 Rooses (Reber), 75. ;

 BRUEGHEL
BKUEGHEL, PEETEE, the younger, j
Rome and became member of the Academy
called Hollen (Hell) Brueghel, born in Brus- when thirteen years old painted frescos in
;

sels in 1564, died in Antwerp about 1637. several palaces of his native city and under
Flemish school ;
son of Peeter B. the elder ; Gregory XVI. for three years in the Vatican.

pupil of Gilles van Conincxloo ; registered After the occupation of Rome by the French
as a master in Antwerp in 1585. He was in 1849, he went to America, where he was
much influenced by the works of his father, naturalized in 1852 went to Mexico in 1854 ; ;

whose predilection for ghostly and diaboli- after his return to Washington was made
ical subjects he inherited, but he was his captain of cavalry, and afterwards entrusted
inferior in invention, colouring, and techni- with the decoration of the Capitol. His
cal merit. Works Christ delivering Souls Apotheosis of Washington and scenes from
:

from Purgatory, National Museum, Amster- American history and allegories in the
dam Christ bearing the Cross (1607), Ant- Capitol, Washington, were the first frescos
;

werp Museum do. (1606) and Peasants' painted in America. Meyer, Conv. Lex.,
;

Brawl, Berlin Museum ;

Hell (1596), Temp- xviii. 158.
Anthony (1604), Destruction of
tation of St. BRUN. See Lebrun.
Sodom and Gomorrah, Dresden Gallery BRUNE, Mine. AIMEE PAGES, born in ;

Rape of Proserpine, Tower of Babel, Con- Paris, Aug. 24, 1803, died there, Aug. 11,
flagrations (2), Landscapes (2), Madrid 1866. Genre and history painter pupil of ;

Museum Fall of Rebel Angels, Brussels Charles Meynier. Medals 2d class, 1831
; :
;

1st class, 1841. Works :

Sleep, Awakening,
Elopement, Undine (1831); Condemnation
of Anne Boleyn, The Bravo, The Prophecy
Museum. Allgem. d. Biog., iii. 402; Biog. (1833); Sad News (1834); Silvio Pellico
nat.de Belgique, iii. 24 ;
Ch. Blanc, cole (1835); Birth in a Fisherman's Family
flamande; Dohme, li. ; Michiels, v.343; (1837); Moses Saved (1841); Jairus's Daugh-
Rooses (Reber), 80. ter (1842) Raphael introduced to Leonardo
;

BRtiLLOW (Brylow), KARL PAVLO- da Vinci by Bramante (1845); Jephthah's

VICH, bom in St. Petersburg in 1799, Daughter (1846); The Virgin offering Flow-
died at near Rome, June 23, ers in the Temple (1853).
Marciano,
1852. History painter, pupil of St. Pe- BRUNI, FEODOR ANTONOVICH, born
tersburg Academy under Ivanoff; went in Milan in 1801, died in St. Petersburg,
in 1823 to Rome, and after his return be- Nov. 1875. History painter studied in ;

came court painter and professor at 1834 in Rome, became, in 1849, director of
the Academy. In 1835 he visited Greece, the painting department at the St. Peters-
Turkey, and Palestine, and later went again burg Academy, then rector, and in 1866
to Italy. He was member of the St. Peters- also director of the School of Mosaics.
burg, Milan, and Bologna Academies. Works: Apparition of Virgin (Kasan Church,
Works: Narcissus (1819); Last Day of St. Petersburg), Death of Cleopatra, Brazen
Pompeii (1833), Hermitage, St. Petersburg Serpent, Christ on Mount of Olives, Bac-
;

Murder of Inez de Castro Ascension, Kasan chante giving a Child to drink. Ktinst-
;

Church, St. Petersburg ; fresco paintings Chronik, xi. 73.

in Isaac Church, many portrait born in Munich,
and genre BRUNNER, HANS,
scenes in Hermitage. Brockhaus, 2, Genre and iii. 619; March
portrait painter; 1813.
Meyer, Con. Lex., iv. 10. pupil of Munich Academy, under Cornelius ;

BRUMIDI, CONSTANTINO, born in visited in 1833 the Bavarian Alps and Ty-
Rome, June 20, 1805, died in Washington, rol lived then for some time in Venice. In ;

Feb. 19,1880. History painter; studied in 1840 he left Munich and lived until 1865 in

214
 BEDNNER
Salzburg and Soutlicrn Tyrol, then went to 3. Raymond Diocres responds after
Stuttgart, and in 1869 returned to Munich. Death. Filhol, vL PL 379 Landon, Musue, ;

Works: Legend of the Untersberg near vii. PL 27.

Salzburg, Return from the Chase, Gondola i
4. St. Bruno in Prayer. Filhol, vii. PL
Sail (1876), Tasting Wine
(1877), Fisher; 440 Landon, Musee, vii. PL 30. ;

Maiden, Poachers, Meran, Portraits of Aus- 5. St. Bruno teaching Theology at

trian Noblemen. filler, 83. M Rheims. Filhol, iiL PL 145.
BRUNNER, JOSEF, born in Vienna, 6. St. Bruno exhorting his Friends to

March 14, 1826. Landscape painter; sou give up the World. Filhol, ix. PL 705 ;

of the court painter, Leopold B. the elder :

Landon, Muse'e, xvii. PL 70.

(1788-1866); pupil of Zaharaduiczek, and) 7. St. Bruno's Dream. Filhol, ix. PL 693 ;

of Jos. Feid ; travelled in Germany, Italy,

'

Landou, Musee, xvii. PL 68.

Switzerland, and Wallachia. Studio in Vi-

enna. Works Black Tower near MOdling,
:

View in Silesia, Fir-Trees in Twilight, View

in Klause near Modling, View near
the
Lundenburg, View on the Traun, Mountain
Lake in Carinthia. Wurzbach, ii. 175.
BRUNNER, LEOPOLD, the younger,
born in Vienna, Sept. 14, 1822, died there,
Dec. 24, 1849. German school; animal paint-
er, brother of preceding, pupil of Vienna

Academy. Works Feeding the Goat (1849),

:

Vienna Museum others in National Muse-

;

um, Pesth Dog Company (1852); Domestic

;

Animals on a Hill (1855). Wurzbach, ii. 176.

BRUNO, ST., HISTORY OF, Eustace
Lesueur, Louvre, Paris ; canvas, 22 pictures,
each, H. 6 ft. 4 in. x 4 f t. 3 in. The princi-
pal events in the life of St. Bruno, founder
of the Chartreuse, Paris, were painted in
1645-48 for the spaces between the pilasters
in the little cloister of that monastery, to re-

place similar pictures upon canvas painted

in 1508, which were almost destroyed by
time, and which had been preceded by fres-
cos painted in 1350. The designs (146) are
also in the Louvre. In 1776 they were of-
St. Bruno's Dream, Lesueur, Louvre, Paris,
fered to Louis XVI. for 132,000 livres, the
convent to receive copies ;
but the Order j
8. St. Bruno and his Companions giving
was suppressed soon after, and the pictures their Property to the Poor. Filhol, ix. PL
passed to the crown. After restorations 680 ; Landon, Musee, viii. PL 49.
they were placed in the Louvre in 1818. 9. St. Bruno arrives at Grenoble. Filhol,
1. St. Bruno listening to Raymond PL 529 Landon, Musee, viii. PL 54.
Dio- viii. ;

cres preaching. Filhol, x. PL 686 Landon,

; 10. St. Bruno travelling to the Chartreux.
|

Musee, vii. PI. 70. Filhol, viii. PL 548 Landon, Musee, xv. PL ;

Death of Raymond Diocres.

2.
Filhol, 33.
vL PL 482 Landon, Musee, vii. PL
; 25. 11. St. Bruno building the Monastery.
-'15
 BRUNO
Filhol, viii. PL 562 Landon, Musce, ; vii. PI. Real name Domenico pupil of Ca-
Riccio ;

39. rotto, according to

Ridolfi, or of Niccolo
12. St. Bruno taking the Monastic Habit. Giolfino, according to Lanzi. Studied later
Filhol, v. PL 343 Landon, Musue, viii. PL 5.
;
in Venice the works of Titian and of Gior-
13. Pope Victor III. confirming the Char- gione, and learned to imitate their styles,
treuse. Filhol, ix. PL 717; Landon, Musce, though not without some originality. His
vii. PL 63. mural and panel works are to be seen chiefly
14. St. Bruno bestowing the Monastic in Verona. His excellence as a fresco painter
Habit. Filhol, ix. PL 710 Landon, Musee, ;

vii. PL 65.
15. St. Bruno receiving a Letter from Pope
Urban H. Filhol, ii. PL 139 Landon, Mu- ;

see, vii. PL 34.

16. St. Bruno before Pope Urban H. Lan-
don, Musee, viii. PL 37.
17. St. Bruno refusing the Archbishopric
of Keggio. Filhol, vi. PL 421; Landon, Mu-
see, viii. PL 41.
18. St. Bruno in the Deserts of Calabria.

Filhol, ix. PL 699 Landon, Musee, viii. PL;

26.
19. Meeting of St. Bruno and Count Ro-

ger. Filhol, v. PL 301; Landon, Musee, viii.

PL 28.
20. Apparition of St. Bruno to Count
Eoger. Filhol, iii. PL 205 ; Landon, Mu-
see, viii.PL 30.
21. Death of St. Bruno, Oct. 6, 1101. Fil-
hol, iv. PL 253 Landou, Musee, vii. PL 41.
;

22. St. Bruno borne to Heaven. Filhol,

viii. PL 574 Landon, Musee, viii. PL 35.
;

Series engraved, in reverse, by Chauveau;

Nos. 15 and 22 by S. le Clerc No. 22 by
;

F. Poilly. Villot, Cat. Louvre Laudou, i.

;

18-39.
BRUNO, VISION OF, Guercino, Bo-
ST.,
logna Gallery canvas, H. 11 ft. 10 in. x 7 f t.
;

The Virgin and Child in a glory of Angels ;

Vision of St. Bruno, Guercino, Bologna Gallery.

below, St. Bruno in Prayer ; at right a monk is in the Entry of Clement VH. and shown
with a crucifix in his hand, reading. One of Charles V. into Bologna, which he painted
Guercino's best works. Painted in 1646 for in a hall of the Casa Ridolfi, Verona. Ch.
the Church of the Certosa, Bologna carried Blanc, Ecole venitieune;
Seguier, 216; Burck-
;

to Paris in 1796 returned in 1815. En- hardt, 167, 191, 607, 746 Bernasconi, 302.
; ;

graved by G. Rosaspina. Pinac. di Bologna, BRUSASORCI, the younger, born in 1540,

PL 21; Meyer, Kiinst. Lex.,
iii. 4; Landon, died in 1605. Venetian school. Real name
Musee, xii. PI. 6
Burckhardt, 793. ; Felice Riccio, son and pupil of Domenico
BRUSASORCI, the elder, bom in Verona, Riccio after his father's death, finished ;

in 1494, died in 15G7. Venetian school. studies under Jacopo Ligozzi, Florence, and

216
 BRUSH
returned to Verona master of a refined and Rest, Peasant Delegation, The Prince on the
elegant style. Many of his works are in the Promenade, Pilgrims Returning, Visit at the
churches of Verona, among the best of which Studio, Power of Music, The Petitioner.
is St. Helena in S. Elena. There is a Holy niustr. Zeitg. (1877), ii. 327; (1878), i. 67.
Family by him in the Louvre, and a Victory BRUTUS, Jean Louis David, Louvre,
of the Veronese at Desenzano in the Verona Paris canvas, H. 10 ft. 8 in. x 13 ft. 10 in.
; ;

Gallery. His sister Cecilia, who studied signed, dated Paris, 1789. Brutus, returned
under her father, was an excellent portrait home after the punishment of his sons, is
painter. Ch. Blanc, Ecole vonitienne Ber- seated at left in the shadow of the statue of
;

nasconi, 349. Roma, holding in his hands the written cvi-

Brvtus, Louis David, Louvre, Pari.

BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST, born dence of their guilt ; at right, his wife and
in Shelbyville, Tenn., in 1855. Figure daughters are overcome with grief at the
painter, pupil of the National Academy ; sight of the lictors in the background bear-
member of Society of American Artists ing the bodies of the young men. Painted
;

professor of antique class, Art Student's for Louis XVI. Salon, 1789. Landon,
League. Studio in New York. "Works :
Musce, x. PL 37 Villot, Cat. Louvre.
;

Mourning her Brave, T. B. Clarke, New By G. G. Lethtirc, Louvre; canvas, H. 14

York Portrait of A. C. Brush (1882).
; ft. 4 in. x 25 ft. Brutus, with Collatinus, his
BRUTT, FERDINAND, bom in Ham- colleague, on his right, sits on a
platformover-
burg, July 13, 1849. Genre painter, pupil looking the place of execution, with the sen-
at Weimar art school of Pauwels settled in ators behind him in the
;
centre, two lictors
;

1876 in Diisseldorf. Works: Disturbed raise the of one of the sons, already
body
S17
 BBUYOKEE
executed, while the other prepares to meet in the suite of Gen. O'Donnell. Having re-
his fate in background, architecture. Col- turned to Switzerland he went in 1866 to
;

lection of Louis XIIL ; Salon, 1812 ; acquired America, where he spent five years. Works :

in 1819 for 15,000 fr. Reveil, x. 659. Three Friends Return from Market, Jews ;

BEUYCKER, FRANCOIS ANTOINE DE, of Mekiness (1862); Mowers (1867); Mary

born in Ghent, Belgium, in 1816. Genre Blanc (1869); Negro Picture (1870); Resig-
painter pupil of Ghent Academy,
;
and in nation (1867), Negro Soldiers in Streets of

Antwerp of Ferd. de Braekeleer. Gold Washington, Rapids of St. Mary on Lake

medal in 1860 member of Amsterdam
; Caught by the Superior, Basle Museum ;

Academy. Works Suspicion (1842), Woo- Tide (1879); Singer of Sudan (1881). Por-
:

traits of Generals Lee and Sherman, Secre-

ing, Dost Remember? Hot Shells, Spring
Day, Old Gardener (1857), The Widow tary Sherman, etc. Ulustr. Zeitg. (1873),
Reminiscence of Olden ii. 140 Kunst-Chronik, xiv. 605
(1860), Times, Funny xvi. 657. ; ;

Idea, Motherly Caresses, Child and Kitten BUCKWHEAT HARVEST (La Recolte
(Leipsic Museum), Envy and Distrust. Art du Sarrasin), Jean Francois Millet, Martin
Journal (1866), 75 ; Miiller, 84 Brimmer, Boston. In foreground, a woman
BRUYN (Brun), born in Co-
BARTHEL, binding sheaves, which another is packing
logne in 1494, died there between 1556 and in a pannier ; behind them, several women
1557. German school history and portrait
; carrying panniers to background, where
painter formed himself after Jan Schoreel,
;
men are threshing. This picture is the
the painter of the Death of the Virgin, and which passed original pastel, made in 1868,
in his portraits resembled Holbein. from the Garet Collection, Paris, to Mr.
Later
he became a weak imitator of the Italian Brimmer. The oil picture, painted from
masters, especially of Michelangelo. Works it in 1874 and one of the last
pictures on
:

Martyrdom of St. Ursula, Adoration of the which Millet worked, was sold at the Fred-
Magi, Burgomaster Browiller, do. and Wife, eric Hartmann sale, Paris (1881), for 47,000
Two Male Portraits, Old Lady of the Ques- francs. Etched by Charles Courtry. Gaz. j

tenberg Family, Cologne Museum Corpus des. B. Arts (1875), XL 438.

;

Christi, Cologne Cathedral St. Catherine BUECKLAER (Beukelaar),

;
JOACHIM,
and 18 others, Munich Gallery Madonna, born in Antwerp in 1530, died after 1575.
;

Burgomaster Ryth, Berlin Museum Por- Flemish school genre painter, pupil of
; ;

traits in Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort, in Pieter Aertszen. Registered in the Antwerp

Gotha, Brunswick, and Brussels Galleries guild in 1560. His subjects are chiefly
;

Altarpiece in St. Victor's Church, Xanten market and kitchen scenes, also biblical |

(masterpiece). Allgem. d. Biog., iii. 456 events admitting of combination with genre.
;

Merlo, Nachrichten, 69 ; W. & W., ii. 497. Works :

Purveyor, Lille Museum ;
Christ
BRYES, Greek painter, of Sicyon, father before Pilate (1561), Fish-Market (1568),
and master of Fauxias, 4th century, B.C. Old Pinakothek, Munich Christ healing the ;

BUCHSER, FRANZ, born at Feldbrun- Lame (1575), Hermitage, St. Petersburg. \

nen, near Solothurn, Switzerland, about Biog. nat. de Belgique, ii. 382 Michiels, ;

1829(?). Genre and portrait painter stud- vi. 304 Rooses (Reber), 73.
; ;

ied in Rome, Paris, and Antwerp went BUFFALMACCO, BUONAMICO, 14th

;

to Spain at the age of twenty-two, and century, died after 1351. Florentine school ,
;

thence to England, where for three years he real name Cristofani Buonamico. According
painted genre pictures, but more especially to Vasari, he died in 1340 at the age of sev-
horses and portraits in 1857 he returned enty-eight, but his name appears in the list
;

to Spain, visited Morocco soon after, and of the Florentine Company of Painters of

again, during the Spanish campaign of 1860, 1351, and Baldinucci says that he lived later
'

815
 Por-

,
which passwi
Pnria fri \1V

biblical

-St

34th
 BUGIARDINI
than 1358. Rumohr doubts, and Kugler de- BULAND, JEAN EUGENE, born in
nies, his existence. Vasari says he was the Paris contemporary. Genre painter pupil ; ;

pupil of Andrea Tafi and represents him as of Cabauel and Yvon. Medal, 3d class,
a practical joker, who lived a merry life and 1885. Works Offering to God, Lycenion ! :

died a beggar but that he was an excellent

; and Daphnis (1880); Annunciation, After
painter and able to outdo all others when he Two Years' Absence (1881); Jesus with
could be persuaded to work. He assigns Martha and Mary, Singing Lesson (1882);
many works to him, but it is doubtful if any Penniless (1883); Marriage innocent, Visit
examples remain. C. & C., Italy, i. 387 ; on the Day after Marriage (1884); Restitu-
Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 499 Rumohr, Italien- ; tion to the Virgin the Day after Marriage,
ische Forschungen, 14. Decorative Panel (1885).
BUGIARDINI, GITJLIANO, born in BULARCHUS, painter, early period. Flor-
ence, Jan. 29, 1475, died there, Feb. 16, Pliny says (vii. 39 [126], xxxv. 34 [55]) that
1554. Florentine school ; studied the an- King Candaules of Lydia paid its weight in
tique in the garden of the Medici, where he gold for a large picture by him representing
became the friend of Michelangelo and fol- his battle with the Magnetes.
lowed him into the workshop of Ghirlandajo. BULGARENI, BARTOLOMMEO, died in
Afterward was scholar of and assistant to Siena in 1378. Sienese school ;
called also
Mariotto Albertinelli with Francia Bigio in Bolgharini, and by Vasari Bologhini. Pupil
Florence, and later was employed by Michel- of Pietro Lorenzetti ; member of the su-
angelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. preme council in 1362, and finally lay-
His usual theme is the Madonna, sometimes brother in the hospital at Siena. Vasari
with the youthful St. John, and sometimes says he painted many pictures in Siena, and
with Saints. Among his works, which are in other parts of Italy, but none exist. Va-
usually signed Jul. Flor. (Florentinus), are: sari's portrait of Pietro was copied from
Birth of Christ, sacristy of Sta. Croce ; Weep- Bulgaria's. C. <k C., Italy, ii. 172 ; Meyer,
ing Madonna, Uffizi, Florence Martyrdom Kfinst Lex., iii. 60 ; Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 477.
;

of St. Catherine, S. M. BUNCE, WILLIAM GEDNEY, born in

Novella, ib.; Ma-
donna and Baptist, Leipsic Na- Museum
Hartford, Conn., in 1842. Landscape painter;
;

tivity, Berlin Museum Marriage of St. pupil of William Hart in New York, Andreas
;

IVL> FLO . * Achenbach in Ddsseldorf, and Clays in Brus-

FAC
sels. Lived twelve years in Europe. Studio
Catherine, Bologna Gallery. C. <fe C., Italy, in New York. Works: Venice Night (1876);
iii. 494 Vasari,
;
ed. Mil, vi. 201 Ch. Blanc, Venice Morning, La Luna Veneziana
;

Ecole florentine Burckhardt, 638 Lttbke, (1878) Approach to Venice, Paris Exposi-
; ; ;

Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 176. tion ; Twilight in Holland, T. B. Clarke,

BUHLMEYER, KONRAD, born in Vi- New York; Watch Hill Rhode Island (1880);
enna, Aug. 18, 1835, died there in Nov., Venetian Boats (1881) Satucket Hillside- ;

1883. Landscape and animal painter, pu- New England, Among the Sails Venice, Bit

pil of Vienna Academy ;

studied then several of Harbour Venice (1882); Sun, Sails and
years in Dilsseldorf, and later in Ziirich Sea Venice, Day in May Venice (1883) ;
under Roller. Works : Wood-Path ;
View On the Lagoon, San Giorgio (1884) ; Vene-
near Luudenburg ;
View in Salzburg ;
View tian Day, Venetian Night (1885).
in the Ramsau On Gmunden Lake Driv-
; ; BUNEL, JACQUES, born at Blois, 1558,

ing the Cattle to the Alp, Vienna Museum ;

French school, pupil in Rome
died in 1614.
Animals Resting Driving Sheep Home
; ;
of Federigo Zucchero was court painter to
;

The Ploughman ; Cows on the Water ;

Pas- Henry TV. ; with Dubreuil decorated the
ture (1883). Miiller, 85. small Louvre Gallery, which was burnt in

119
 BUNKER
1G61. Works: Descent of Holy Ghost, Rocco, Vicenza, painted in 1502 Christ be- ;

Assumption, Bordeaux Museum. Ch. Blanc, tween two Saints, in the Gesuiti, Venice ;

Ecole franyaise. and the Virgin, Child, and Saints, three

BUNKER HILL, BATTLE OF, John
1

pictures, 1511-1513, much restored, in the

Trumbull, Yale College Gallery, New Haven, Duomo of Montagnaua (near Vicenza); Lam-
i

Conn. Fought on Breed's Hill, near Boston, entation over dead body of Christ, Gallery,
;

June 17, 1775. The British troops have Vicenza; Altai-pieces at S. Giacomo dell
just become masters of the field, the Ameri- Orto,
and S. Spirito, Venice Madonna with ;

cans sullenly falling back in centre, Gen- Saints (1497), Venice Academy.
;
C. & C.,
eral Warren, dying, supported by a soldier N. Italy, i. 436 Burckhardt, 604. ;

on his knees who wards off with one hand BUONFIGLIO. See Bonfiyli.
the bayonet of a British grenadier Colonel BUONINSEGNA. See Duccio di Buonin-
;

Small, of the British army, is also seizing segna.

the soldier's musket behind him is Colonel
; BURCHETT, RICHARD, born at Brigh-

Pitcairn, mortally wounded Generals Howe

; ton, England, in 1817, died in
Dublin, in
and Clinton are behind the principal group, 1875. History painter, pupil of School of
and General Putnam is ordering a retreat. Design at Somerset House, London, of
BUNNER, ANDREW FISHER, born in which he was assistant master in 1845, and
New York, in 1841. Landscape painter head master in 1851. He was the master
j

studied five years in Germany, France, and of Elizabeth Thompson Butler, of Luke
Italy. First exhibited at National Academy, Fildes, and of W. W. Ouless. Works
|
Ed- :

New York, in 18C7. Elected an A. N. A., in ward IV. withheld by Ecclesiastics from
j

1880. Went to Venice in 1882 and is still pursuing Lancastrians into a Church, Ex-
(1885) living there. Works Fishing Boats pulsion of Peasants from New Forest by
:

on the Maas (1880) San Giorgio Maggiore William the Conqueror, portraits of Tudors
;

Venice (1881) off the Campo Santo, in Houses of Parliament.

;

Canal dei Mati, II Campiello (1882) San BtiRCK, I1EINRICH, born in Dresden,
; ;

Giorgio della Salute, La Guidecca, Rio della Nov. 27, 1850. History and genre painter ;

Verona (1883) San Andrea, Venetian Gar- pupil of Dresden Academy under Theod.
;

den (1884) Canale San Severe, San Marsil- Grosse, in Antwerp under Pauwels, and in
;

ian, Casa dei Pescatori, Rio del Aqua (1885). Berlin under Karl Gussow was in Italy in ;

BUONACCORSI. See Vaya. 1875-78. Works Helgi and Sigur (1873); :

BUONAMICI.See Tassi. In the Abruzzi, In the Woods (1877); Per-

BUONAMICO. See Buffalmacco. seus and Andromeda (1880). Muller, 85.
BUONARROTI See Michelangelo. BURCKMAIR (Burgkmair), HANS,
BUONCONSIGLIO, GIOVANNI, of Vi- the elder, born
cenza, flourished 1497-1530. Commonly in Augsburg in
called II Marescalco. Probably assistant to 1473, died there,
Speranza, where he felt the influence of the 1531. German
Paduan school subsequently took Autouello
;
school ; history
da Messina for his model. Painted alter- and portrait
nately in Vicenza, in Venice, and in the painter; son and
neighbouring provinces. Style much like pupil of Thoman
that of Benedetto Montagna, but while he B., and pupil of
improved by study of Carpaccio, Buoncon- Schongauer,
siglio formed his style under the influence though influ-
of Antonello and Gio. Bellini. Among his enced in some respects by Diirer. Master
best works are the Virgin and Child in San of the Augsburg guild in 1498. Probably
sau
 BURCKMA1R
visited Italy about 1507. He aimed
at Lawrence, and Scenes from the Passion,
I

strong characterization than ideal Augsburg Gallery. Kugler (Crowe), i. 144;

rather :

form, and ranked among the best masters Schnaase, viii. 455 W. & W., ii. 116. ;

of his time. Works Basilica Pictures BURG, ADRIAAN VAN DER, born at
:

(1501, 1502, 1504), Christ and Mary (1507), Dordrecht about 1697, died in 1737.
Crucifixion (1519), Battle at Canute (1529), Dutch school portrait painter pupil of ; ;
!

all in Augsburg Gallery Ursula Altar (be- Arnold Houbraken, whom he accompanied
;

fore 1505), Dresden Gallery Saints (1505), to Amsterdam.

; Works: Portraits of the
Madonna (1510), both in Maurice Chapel, seventeen directors of the mint, Dor-
Nuremberg; Madonna (1509), Museum, ib.; drecht
Pieta, Carlsruhe Gallery; Holy Family born in Frankfort BURGER, ANTON,
(1511), St. Ulric, St. Barbara, Berlin Mu- in
Landscape and genre painter 1825. ;

seum John Evangelist (after 1520), do., pupil at the Stadel Institute under Jakob
;

and St. John Baptist (1518), Duke William Becker and Jakob Dielmann then for two ;

IV. of Bavaria (1526), ^. years in Munich, and in 1856 in Diisseldorf ;

and Wife, Esther be- lo visited Paris, the Netherlands, and Italy.
fore Ahasuerus (1528), HNGFBAT- IN' Since 1857 settled at Cronberg in the Tau-
Old Pinakothek, Mu- nus. Great gold medal, Munich, 1869.
AVCV STA*
nich Portrait of him-
; n EGIA Works: Old City, Village Street, Farm- I

self and Wife (1526), house, Beer Garden, Bowling Alley, Village
Vienna Museum. All- t 1 1 % \\
Kitchen, Two Winter-Hunts (1879). Mul-
gem. d. Biog., iii. 576; ler, 85 Zeitscbr. f. b. K, xi. 113. ;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole alle- BURGER, LUDWIG, born in Cracow,

mande ; Dohme, li. ; Galicia, Sept. 19, 1825, died in Berlin, Oct.
Nagler, MOD., 237 Kugler (Crowe), i. 22, 1884. History painter and illustrator
iii. ; ;

195 Liibke, Geschichte der Renaissance in pupil of Berlin Academy, in 1852 of Ant-
;

Deutschland, i. 55 Woltmann (Bennett), werp Academy, and in Paris under Couture.

;

Holbein and his Time, 87; W. & W., ii. As illustrator for the Leipsic Illustrirte Zei-
446 iii. 237.
;
tung he visited Hungary in 1857, and
BURCKMAIR, HANS, the younger, joined the campaigns in Schleswig in 1864,
flourished in Augsburg until 1559. Ger- and in Bohemia in 1866. From 1869 he
man school ;
son and pupil of Hans the turned to decorative painting, became mem-
of the pictures and wood-cuts ber of the Berlin
elder. Many Academy, and visited
ascribed to his father, bearing a later date Italy in 1872-73. Medal in Vienna, 1873 ;

than 1531, may be works of his hand. W. Munich, 1876. Works Wall and Ceiling
:

& W., ii. 450. Paintings (1870), City Hall, Berlin Colos- ;

BURCKMAIR (Burgkmair), THOMAN,

sal Figures representing Military Virtues
born about the middle of 15th century, (1878), School of Cadets, Lichterfelde, near
died in Augsburg, 1523. German school. Berlin. Illust. Zeitg., 1876, ii. 145 Milller, ;

The founder of a family of painters that 86.

flourished through several generations. BURGESS, JOHN BAGNOLD, born in
According to his own statement in the Augs- London in 1830. Genre painter son of ;

burg record of painters, he became an ap- H. W. Burgess, landscape painter to King

prentice in 1460. Figures short, flesh William IV. pupil in London of Mr. Leigh, ;

tones of a heavy brown, and outlines hard. and of the

Royal Academy. Draws his sub-
Works: Christ conversing with St. Ulric, jects largely from Spain and Morocco,
Virgin with St. Elizabeth (1480), Cathedral, which he has visited. Elected an A.R.A. in
Augsburg ;
Martyrdom of St. Stephen, St 1877. Works : Castilian Almsgiving (1859) ;
 BTJRGKMAIR
Benighted (I860); Bravo! Toro (1865); went to London in 1856 and became a pupil
!

Spanish Monk (1867); Students of Sala- of D. G. Rossetti, whose manner he imitated

manca (1869) Gi- ;
for several years, but
tano Rico (1872); he soon formed a
Barber's Prodigy style of his own, in-

(1875) Licensing
; clining more to ideal-
Beggars in Spain ism and abstract
(1877); Student in beauty than to real-
Disgrace (1878;) ism, and he is now
Convent Garden one of the chief ex-
(1879) Genius of
; ponents in England
the Family (1881); of the romantic
Spanish Letter- school. In 1857-58 he was associated with
Writer (1882); The Meal at the Fountain Rossetti, Morris, Prinsep, and others, in
(1883) Una Limosnita (1885).
; Art Jour- painting the Arthurean frescos on the
nal (1880), 297 (1882), 136, 207.
; walls of the Oxford Union Debating Room.
BUEGKMAIE. See Burckmair. In 1861 he was one of the originators of
BURGOYNE, SURRENDER OF, John the now well-known house of Morris & Co.,
Trumbull, rotunda of Capitol, Washing- and he has made many designs for stained
ton ; canvas, H. 12 ft. x 18 ft. General glass windows and other decorative work.
Gates, standing, surrounded by his officers, His studio is at the Grange, Hammersmith
near the entrance to his marquee, declines Road, in the house of Richardson the nov-
to receive the sword of General Burgoyne, elist. Elected an AR.A in 1885. Works :

who surrendered to him at Saratoga, Oct. Green Summer (1863)

Story of Dorothea ;

17, 1777 in distance, troops marching. (1866)

; Day, Night, Spring, Summer, Au-
;

Painted in 1817-24 for $8,000. Original tumn, Winter (1867-68) Wine of Circe ;

study in Yale College Gallery. (1869); Phyllis and Demophoon (1870);

BURKEL, HEINRICH, born at Pirma- Chant d'Amour, Love among the Ruins,
senz, Rhenish Palatinate, May 29, 1802, died (1873); Beguiling of Merlin, Days of Crea-
in Munich, June 10, 1869. Genre and land- tion, Mirror of Venus (1877); Temperantia,

scape painter ; pupil of Munich Academy, Fides, St. George, Spes, A Sibyl (1877) ;

but mostly formed himself, studying and Luna, Pan and Psyche (1878); Story of Pyg-
copying the Dutch masters in the Munich malion (4), Annunciation (1879); The Golden
and Schleissheim Galleries. In 1829 he Stairs (1880) Danae at the Brazen Tower, ;

went to Rome, and after his return in 1832 Tree of Forgiveness, Earth, Perseus and the
became popular for his humorous genre Graise, Feast of Peleus, The Mill, Cupid's
scenes. Was honorary member of the Mu- Hunting Fields (1882); An Angel, Wheel of
mch,Dresden,aud Vienna Academies. Works: Fortune, The Hours (1883) King Cophetua ;

Peasant with upset Hay Wagon, Return from and the Beggar Maid, Wood Nymph (1884);
Bear-Hunt, Pontine Swamps, The Cam- Laus Veneris. Univ. Mag. (1879), iv. 40 ;

pagna, Morning in Tyrol, Entry of the Best Portfolio (1870), 17; Scribner's Mag. (1872),
Shot, Muleteer's Rest. Kunst-Chronik, iv. iv. 748.
162 ; Zeitschr. f. b. K, v. 161. BURNIER, RICHARD, born at The Hague
BURNE- JONES, EDWARD, in in 1826, died at Dusseldorf, March 17, 1884.
born
Birmingham, England, Aug. 28, 1833.Stu- Landscape and animal painter; studied from
dent at Exeter College, Oxford, with William nature and after the Dutch masters, then
Morris and Swinburne, the latter of whom from 1850 in Dusseldorf under A. Achen-
dedicated to him his first volume of poems ; bach and Schirmer, and from 1855 in Paris

SW3
 BUENITZ
after Troyon and the French idyl-painters. history painter pnpil of George Clint ;

He then continued his studies in Belgium Painted theatrical scenes, and executed many
in 1858-61, and in Holland in 1863-67, and illustrations for books. His genre pictures,
settled in Diisseldorf. Member of the Am- many of which were engraved, were chiefly
sterdam Academy. Works After the Storm : humorous. Works Christmas in Time of :

(1857), Liege Museum Afternoon on the ; Queen Elizabeth; Wooden Walls of Old Eng-
Heath (1859), Interrupted Milking (1871), land Bitter Morning
; Stingy Traveller ; ;

Cows on the Strand (1872), Passing Storm Musical Bore Master's Out Old Commo-
; ;

(1873), Afternoon in the Meadow (1874), dore Watt's first Experiment with Steam
; ;

Autumn Morning, Evening (1874), The two Introduction of Tobacco Soliciting a Vote ; ;

Friends (1875), Wood Path (187(5), Kuust- Biter Bit ; Time and Tide wait no Man. for
halle, Hamburg Wild Bull, Brussels Muse-
; BUSSE, GEORG HEINRICH, born at
um. Mailer, 87. Benuemdhlen, near Hanover, July 17, 1810,
BURNITZ, KARL PETER, born in Frank- died at Hanover, Feb. 26, 1868. Landscape
fort in 1824. Landscape painter, self-taught; painter; first instructed in drawing by Giese-
was a lawyer went in 1850 to Paris, where well in Hanover, studied engraving in Dres-
;

he painted for ten years; since 1800 in Frank- den, and spent nine years in Italy (1835-
fort. Works: Wood Landscape (1860), Stiidel 1844). After his return in 1844 ho began
Gallery, Frankfort; Starnberg Lake (1871); to paint in oil, and from 1849 exhibited
Three Landscapes (1879). Miiller, 87. almost every year at Hanover with distin-
BUSCH, FRIEDRICH, born in Diissel- guished success. Works Grove of Diana :

dorf in 1808, died there, Jan. 6, 1875. Genre (1849); Ruins of Imperial Palace in Rome
painter pupil of the Diisseldorf Academy. (1850)
; Monte Aventino (1852) Wood in ; ;

Works: Spinning Maiden, Huntsman and Albanese Mountains (1853); Ruins at Albano
his Sweetheart, Girl at the Well. Kunst- (1855) Lago d'Agnano (1857) Ruins of ; ;

Chronik, x. 236. Lambessa (1861) Hermit's Rock and Ear ;

BUSH, NORTON, born at Rochester, N. of Dionysius near Syracuse (1862) Monks ;

T., in 1834. Landscape painter pupil of ;

disputing (1862); Lago Trasimene (1863);
James Harris in Rochester, and of Cropsey Constantino (1865) Cefalii (1866) View ; ;

in New York. Lives in San Francisco. In near Athens (1867). Allgem. d. Biogr., iii.

1853, 1868, and 1875, sketched in South and :

650 Andresen, iii. 230.
;

Central America. Works Lake Nicaragua

:
BUSSON, CHARLES, born
; at Montoire
Bay of Panama ;
Summit of the Sierras, (Loir-et-Cher),
River San Juan Nicaragua, Crocker Gallery, July 15, 1822.
Sacramento ;
Mt. Chinaborazo ; Volcano of Landscape painter;
Elmisti Peru; Mt. Meiggs Andes of Peru; pupil of Remond
Western Slope of Cordilleras Cordilleras of and F r a n 9 a i s.
;

Ecuador. Medals: 3d class,

BUSI, LUIGI, born at Bologna in 1838, 1855-57-59-63-67 ;

died there, June 2, 1884. Genre painter, pu- 1st class, 1878 L. ;

Bologna Academy, studied afterwards

pil of of Honour, 1866.
in Rome, andvisited Germany and France. Works View near
:

Professor in Bologna Academy from 1871. Sassenage (1846);

Order of Italian Crown. Works Tasso and : The Loire, View in Auvergne (1852); Woods
Cardinal Aldobrandini Visit of Condolence
; ;
in Touraine, Hay (1853); Environs of Mon-
Illegal Marriage Visit to Young Mother.
; toire (1855); Ford near Montoire (1857),
BUSS, ROBERT WILLIAM, born in Lon- Tours Museum ;
The Heath, Before the
don in 1804, died there in 1875. Genre and Storm (1859) ; Evening on the Loire, Sun-
 BUTIN
set,Storm on the Heaths (1863) Sunrise at Rome. Returned to England in 1870 ex-
; ;

Sea, Evening (1864); Autumn Day, Hunting hibited in 1873 at Royal Academy a picture |

in the Marshes (1865), Compiegne Game- entitled Missing

;
the ;

Keeper Returning (1866), Luxembourg; Un- next year her Roll Call
derbrush (1867) Sunset (1868) Euins of
; ;
won for her a popu-
Castle of Lavardin (1869) Eoad near Eed ; larity almost without
Sea (1870) Morning in Venice, Evening in
; precedent in English
Venice (1872); Park of Sainte-Claire (1873); art history. It was
Ancient Ditch of Castle of Lavardiii (1874); purchased by the
After the Rain (1875) Before the Storm ; Queen, and is now at
of Lavardiu (1877) Old Windsor. In 1875 she
(1876) Village
; ;

Weir near Montoire (1879) ;

Old Bridge of exhibited The 28th
Lavardin (1880); Woods of Saint-Martin Regiment at Quatre
near Montoire, A Stream (1881) Fisher- Bras, in 1876 BalaMam, and in 1877 Return
;

man's Hut at Prazay, Ruins of Lavardin Ch. from Inkerman. In 1877 Miss Thompson
(1882) Before the Rain (1883).
;
Larousse. married Major Win. Francis Butler, C.B.,
BUTIN, ULYSSE (LOUIS AUGUSTE), aid-de-camp to the Queen. Later works:
bornatSt.Quen- 'Listed for the Connaught Rangers, Rem-
tin,Aisne, in nants of an Army (1879) Scotland for Ever, ;

1838, died in Defence of Rorke's Drift (1881) Floreat ;

Paris, Dec. 9, Etona, Charge of the Scots Greys at Water-

1883. French loo (1882). Meynell, 68.
school; Genre BUTTI, LORENZO, born in Austria; con-
painter; pupil of temporary. Marine painter of considerable
Picot and of Pils. merit, made court painter in 1847. Works :

'Medals: 3d class, Stormy Sea near Malamocco (1846), Marine

1875; 2d class, with Sirocco Effect, Vienna Museum Agi- ;

1878 ;L. of Hon- tated Sea with Vessels, Sunset at Sea, Vene-
our, 1881. Works : Mussel-Beds at Viller- tians trying to set on Fire an Imperial Frig-
ville Saturday at Villerville (1875) ate (1851). Wurzbach, ii. 219.
(1874) ; ;

Women at the
Capstan (1876) Departure BUTTINONE, BERNARDINO, of Trevig-
;

(1877); Burial of a Sailor at Villerville lio, born probably before 1436, living in
(1878), Luxembourg Museum ; The Mari- 1507. Lombard school. Proper name, Ber-
ner's Wife (1879) Votive Offering (1880)
; nardino Jacobi disciple of Vincenzo Foppa; ;

Le Depart (1881, Amsterdam Exposition, the whose work elder, and partner of Zenale,
hard to distin-
so resembles his that it is

guish between them. Buttinone ranked first

1383 in the partnership, and so was probably the
elder. Their best common example is an
1883) ; Launching the Boat (1883). Mon- altarpiece in San Martino, Treviglio, ordered
trosier, Artistes rnodernes. in 1485. Pictures by Buttinone are a Ma-
BUTLER, ELIZABETH SOUTHERDEN donna and Saints, in the sacristy of S. Am-
THOMPSON, born at Lausanne, Switzer- brogio, Milan, do. in the Palazzo Borromeo,
land, about 1844. Her early life was divided at Isola Bella, and a Virgin and Child (1454),
between Italy and England pupil of S. ;
in the Casa Castelbarco, Milan, very early
Kensington Art School, and of Mr. Standish; work. C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 33, 67 Calvi, ;

studied when twenty-two years old in Flor- Notizie, P. ii. 103-114 Ch. Blanc, Ecole
;

ence, under Bellucci, afterward painted in milanaise ; Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai, i. 491.

224
 BYLE11T

BYLERT, JAN VAN, horn at Utrecht, Works Agony of Christ (1844) Death of :
;

died there after 1669. Dutch school genre Moses (1852), Corcoran Gallery, Washing-
;

painter, pupil of Abraham Bloemaert went ton Chapel-Mas- ; ;

via France to Rome, where he worked for a t e r' a Window

number of years; returned to Utrecht about (1859) Expulsion ;

1630 and became master of the guild in from Paradise ;

1632 and repeatedly afterward mentioned as (1863), Maximili-

its His pictures are rare. Works
dean. :
aneurn, Munich;
Family Pictures (3), Utrecht Museum La- ;
Giacomina (1872) ;

ban and Rachel, Young Women with Ring, John the Baptist
Rotterdam Museum Young Woman, Cassel
;
!

(1874); Apotheo-
Gallery; Pancake Eater,Girl counting Money sis of |
St. Louis Vi-Y &> I

(1626), Girl with Zither, Brunswick Gallery; (1855), Death of !

Family Scene, Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna; Francesca da Ri-

St. Sebastian, Harrach Gallery, ib. Bode, mini and Paolo Malatesta (1870), Rape of
'

''

Studien, 170 ; Kramm, i. 198 Nymph, Birth of Venus (1863), Thamar

; Riegel, Bei- the
trage, ii. 183. (1875), Luxembourg Portia in Merchant of ;

BYSS, JOHANN RUDOLF, bom at Solo- Venice (1881); Venetian Lady of 6th century j

thurn, Switzerland, in 1660, died in Wtirz- (1882); portraits of Rouher (1861), Napoleon
burg in 1738. German school; history, land- IH. (1864), Mr. Mackay (1879), and others.
scape, and animal painter went to Italy Works in United States Lucretia and Tar-
;
:

about 1700, and was called to Vienna in 1704, quinius Sextus (1877), Ruth and Boaz, Sam-
by Leopold I., to paint the ceiling of the uel Hawk Collection, New York Shulamile ;

great audience room. Lothar Franz Ton (1876), Portrait of a Lady, Miss C. L. Wolfe,
j

Schonborn, Elector of Mayence, and Prince New York Florentine Poet, Desdemona, J. ;

Bishop of Bamberg, employed him about H. Warren, Hoosac Falls, N. Y. ; Flor-

1712 to paint at Castle Gaibach, and after entine Poet, St. Aglaia and St. Boniface, Is-
the building of Castle Pommersfelden, made rael Corse, New York Angel of the Avo ;

him supervisor of its picture gallery. After Maria, D. T. Buzby, Baltimore Ginevra ;

his patron's death he lived at Wiirzburg. Amieri, Hurlbut Collection, Cleveland; Pan-,

Works Allegory, Paradise (2) with many dora (1873), Portrait of Mile. Nilsson, W. T.
:

Birds and Animals, Pommersfelden Gallery. Walters, Baltimore Eve after the Fall, H. ;

Others in Bamberg, Wiirzburg, Schleiss- L. Dousman, St. Louis Eve after the Ex- ;

heim, and Vienna. Allgem. d. Biog., iii. pulsion, S. A. Coale, St. Louis Penelope, ;

679. Mrs. C. Crocker, San Francisco Italian ;

Maiden, Mrs. W. P. Wilstach, Philadelphia ;

Evening Star, W. P. Beinent, Philadelphia ;

ALEXANDRE, born at Phcedra, Mr. Leiter, Chicago; Phrodra (1880),

Montpellier, Sept. 28, 1823. Histo- Magdalen at the J. T. Martin, Brooklyn ;

CABANEL,
ry, genre and portrait painter ;
New York Echo,
pupil Tomb, C. P. Huntington, ;

of Picot won the grand prix de Rome in C. S. Smith, New York

; Samson and Deli- ;

1845 medal, 2d class, 1852; 1st class, 1855; lah, Win. Astor, New York Pia de Toloniei,
; ;
;

of honour, 1865, 1867, 1878 L. of Honour, ;

1855 Officer, 1864 Commander, 1884

Member
;

of Institute, 1863.
;

Professor in
;

187* CABANEL
the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He painted pre- W. RVanderbilt, New York; Birth of Venus,
vious to 1861 in the classical style of David, H. C. Gibson, Philadelphia ; do., J. Wolfe,
of which no trace is visible in his later work. |
New York ; MarguSrite, J. T. Raynor, New
5
 CABANEL
York ; Ophelia (1883), Calvin S. Brice, New ning a stream in sight of the Castle of Ca- ;

York. Larousse Claretie, Peintres (1874), dore, where the troops of the Emperor
;

170 Du Camp, Les B.-Arts, 32

;
Bruno Maximilian were defeated by the Venetians.
;

Meyer, Stud. u. Krit., 75 Meyer, Gesch., Painted in 1537 ;

burned in the fire of ;

598. 1577, and known only through a contempo-

CABANEL, PIERRE, born at Montpel- rary print by Fontana, a sketch on canvas
lier ;contemporary. History and portrait attributed to Titian, in tjie Uffizi, and a
painter son and pupil of Alexander Cab- drawing of the principal group by Rubens.
;

anal Medal, 3d class, 1873. Works: Vasari, ed. Mil., vii. 439 C. & C., Titian, ;

Plight of Nero (1873); Death of Abel (1874); ii. 5 Gilbert, Cadore, 154. ;

Nymph surprised by Satyr (1875); Shipwreck CAESAR, DEATH OF, Vincenzo Camuc-
on Coast of Brittany (1877); Mowers (1878); cini, Palazzo Reale, Naples canvas. Attacked ;

Italians in Paris (1879) Prodigal Son by the conspirators in the Senate House,
;

(1880); Young Neapolitan Girl (1881); Bet- Caesar, stretching his left hand toward Bru-
tina (1882); Chiffonniers (1884). tus, is falling at the base of Pompey's
CABAT, LOUIS, born in Paris, Dec. 24, statue ; at right, affrighted senators starting
1812. Landscape painter, pupil of Camille from their seats. Reveil, xiv. 942.
Flers; first exhibited in 1833. Medals: By J. D. Court, Louvre, Paris ; canvas,
2d class,1834 3d class, 1867 L. of Hon- H. 14 ft. x 17 ft. Mark Antony haranguing
; ;

our, 1843 Officer, 1855

;
Member of In- the populace over the dead body of Csesar
; :

stitute, 1867 Director French Academy at in foreground Brutus and Cassius.

;
Salon,
Rome, 1879. Works View of the Bouzanne, 1827. :
Formerly in Luxembourg. Cat.
Mill of Dompierre, Tavern of Montsouris Louvre.
(1833) Garden of Beaujon, Pond at Ville
; By Jean Leon Gerdme, J. J. Astor, New
d'Avray, Woods of Fontenay-aux-Roses, York canvas, H. 3 f t. x 5 ft. The dead ;

Village of Sarasin, Farmhouse in Calvados body of Csosar lying at the foot of Pompey's
(1834); Wolf's Gorge, Tavern on the Bou- statue in the Senate Chamber, the seats of
zanne, Festival of Virgin on the Water, which have just been vacated by the flying
Bird Catcher (1835) Plain of Arques Senators, one only remaining in his place as
;

(1836) Forest ;
of Fontaiuebleau (1837); if in silent protest in the background, the ;

Boad in Valley of Narni, View of Lake conspirators brandishing their daggers as

Nemi, Good Samaritan, Young Tobias they repeat the oath which binds them.
(1840); Lake Bolsena, Pond of Pecquigny Painted in 1867, bought by John Taylor
(1848) Autumn Evening (1852); The Ar- Johnston at his sale (1876), $8000. Life-
; ;

ques, Hunting Boars, Sunset (1853); Ravine size study of dead Csesar (H. 7 ft. 2 in.
of Villeroy (1855); The Seine, He de Crois- x 10 ft. 5 in.), in Corcoran Gallery, Wash-

sy (1856); Pond in the Woods (1859); Lake ington. Engraved by J. C. Armytage in

Nemi, Spring in the Woods (1864); Soli- Art Journal (1874), 68 Art Treasures of ;

tude (1865) Huntresses,

T
; W
oods of Chante- America, ii. 3.
loube (1867) After the Shower (1869);
; By Karl von Piloty, Munich Gallery.
Stormy Weather (1872) Pond, Sunset Brutus kneels and presents the petition,
;

(1873) Morning after Shower, Morning in while the other conspirators crowd around
;

Park of Magnet (1877). Larousse Cla- Ceesar, who is seated in the Senate Chamber
;

retie, Peintres (1874), 294 Meyer, Gesch., at the base of Pompey's statue one, stand-
; ;

743. ing behind, is about to strike with his dag-

CADORE, BATTLE OF, Titian, former- ger. Engraved by Alex. Becker. Small
ly in Hall of Great Council, Palazzo Ducale, study in colour, D. H. McAlpine, New
Venice canvas. Battle at a bridge span- York.
''

SS6
 CAESAR
CJ2SAR, TRIUMPH OF, Manlcyna,' 352, 355 Passavant, Kunstreise durch Eng- ;

Hampton Court ; tempera on twilled linen land (London, 1883), 189.

;

9 pictures, each 9 ft. sq. not properly car-

; CAESARS, TWELVE, Titian, originals
toons, but intended to be stretched on lost (?). Twelve canvases, eleven by Titian
'

frames and affixed to the wall as a frieze, in and one by Giulio Romano, painted in 1537-
a continuous procession 81 ft. long, as now 38 for Federico Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua.
arranged. Represent a grand triumphal In Sula di Troja in Castle of Mantua till
procession of Roman soldiers, captives, and 1628, when sold by Vincenzo Gonzaga to
spoils ;
Daniel Nys, who shipped them to England
lastly Ciesar iu a splendid car, with ;

a sceptre in his right hand and a palm in collection of Charles I. till 1636, when
branch in his left. Painted in 1485-92 for presented to the Spanish ambassador in
Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, to London further history lost Bernardino ;

decorate the palace of St. Sebastian. Bought Campi made five copies in 1562, one of

Death of Caesar, Camuccim, Palazzo Reals, Naples.

in 1628 by Charles L, together with statues which, formerly in Palazzo del Vasto d'Ava-
]

and other pictures, for .10,500, and placed los, is now iu the Naples Museum. Copies
'

in Hampton Court. Valued at 1000 iu by Agostini Carracci were in Palace of Pnr-

1651, but reserved by Cromwell and not ma till 1734. Engraved by Sadeler. Va-
sold, as often stated. They are now greatly sari, ed. Mil., vii. 442 Gave, Carteggio, ii. ;
'

dilapidated. Tapestries were wrought from 264 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 313, iii. 443
; ;
{

these designs. Three of the series are at C. & C., Titian, i. 420.

Boughton, Duke of Buccleuch. Other sets

|
CAGLIARI (Caliari), BENEDETTO,
catalogue of effects of born in Verona in 1538 (?), died in
mentioned in the 1598.
James H. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 404 Waa- Venetian school
;
brother of Paolo Veronese, ;

gen, Art Treasures, ii. 410 Sainsbury, and his assistant in many of his works.
;

Orig. Papers, 321 ; Law, Hist. Cat. Hamp- After his brother's death he continued to
ton Court, 256 Evelyn, Diary, June 9, paint, showing himself a faithful imitator of
;

1662; Geo. Scharf, Hist, of Old London, Paolo's manner, but he did not rise above
 CAGLIAEI
mediocrity. His Last Supper and his stein Gallery, Vienna ; Magdalen, St. Jerome,
Christ before Pilate are in the Venice Acad- Death of Cleopatra, Vienna Museum ; As-
emy. Benedetto, whose specialty was archi- sumption of the Magdalen, Hermitage, St.
tecture, was the principal painter of the
architectural backgrounds in many of Pao-
Ch. Blanc, Ecole venitienne
J
lo's pictures. ;

Bernascoui, Studii, 336 Wornum, Epochs, ;

->;
.
264.
CAGLIARI, CARLO born Petersburg. Malvasia, ii. 58 ; Lanzi, iii.
(Carletto),
in 1570, died in 1596. 102 Ch. Blanc,
Venetian school cole bolonaise.
; ;

elder son and pupil CAIN, Fernand Cormon, Luxembourg

of Paolo Veronese,
who, for fear that he would be but an Museum canvas, H. 12 ft. 7 in. x 23 ft. ;

imitator of his manner, sent him to study The first murderer, pale and haggard, fol-
'

with Jacopo Bassano. After his father's lowed by his children covered with the skins
death (1588), Carletto finished several works of beasts, and bearing their mother on a lit-
left incomplete by him, and he had
begun ter, flees, in the midst of storms, from before
to give promise of a great career when he Jehovah (Victor Hugo). Salon, 1880.
died at the age of twenty-four. He worked CAIN AND ABEL, SACRIFICE OF,
generally in collaboration with his younger Raphael (?), Signor Enrico Basseggio, Rome ;

Brother Gabriele (born 1568, died 1631), wood, H. 8J in. X 13} in. Abel kneeling on
and his uncle Benedetto. Several examples left beside an altar with hands raised in
by him are in the Venice Academy works prayer as he sees a flame descending from
;

executed in collaboration are in the Palazzo heaven and firing the wood Cain, on the ;

Ducale and in several churches in Venice, opposite side, vainly trying to blow his wood
into a blaze ;
a club in foreground prefigures
the fratricide. Painted in Perugia in 1504-
05 (?).
Said to have been in Aldobrandini
collection, Rome later, in this century, in
;

Vicenza, Murano, Brescia, and Treviso.

J possession of Mr. Emerson, London. Panel
injured.
vant,
C. & C., Raphael, i. 202 ; Passa-
ii. 315.
Ch. Blanc, Ecole venitienne ; Baldinucci, ii. CAJESI. See Coxes.
321 ; Burckhardt, 750 ; Seguier, 34 ;
Ber- CALABRESE, IL CAVALIERE, born at
nasconi, Studii, 337. Taverna, Calabria,
CAGLIARI, PAOLO. See Veronese. Feb. 24, 1613, died
CAGNACCI, GUIDO CANLASSI called, in Malta, Jan. 13,
born at Castel S. Arcangelo in 1601, died in 1699. Neapolitan
Vienna in 1681. Bolognese school, pupil school; real name
of Guido painted historical subjects in his
; Mattia Preti; pupil
master's style, exaggerating a little his soft- of Lanfranco in
ness and affectation. His later pictures are Rome, according to
inferior in colour to his earlier ones. He Baldinucci, and of
died in the service of the Emperor Leopold Guercino in Cento,
I.
Examples Tarquin and Lucretia, Accad.
:
according to Dom-
di S. Luca, Rome
Assumption of the Mag- enici. He studied the great masters in most
;

dalen, Pitti Jupiter and Ganymede, Uffizi

; of the cities of Italy, and visited France,
;

Sibyl, Borghese, Rome St. John the Bap- Spain, and Flanders, and finally Malta, where
;

tist, Louvre Jacob and Laban, Liechteu- he executed many works. Generally chose
;
 CALABRESE
gloomy subjects, such as martyrdoms and graved by T. Lupton, J. Cousen Etched by ;

death scenes. He had a S. Haden.

fertile invention, Hamerton, Life; Cat. Nat. Gal.
and his compositions are effective, but his CALAME, ALEXANDRA born at Vevay,
design is not always correct, and his chiaro- May 28, 1810, died
scuro is marked by the strong contrasts at Mentoue, March
seen in the works of Guerciuo and Caravag- 19, 1864. Land-
gio. Among his works are Frescos in choir scape painter pu-
:
;

and cupola of the Carmine, Modena His- pil in Geneva of ;

tory of Pope Celestiue V., and St. Catherine, Diday, whom he

Transept of S. Pietro a Majella, Naples Re- succeeded as head ;

turn of the Prodigal Son, Naples Museum master of the art ;

A Concert, Palazzo Doria, Eome. Lanzi, school. J Ie was

ii. 47 Ch. Blanc, Ecole napolitaine ; Se- one of the best
;

guier, 158 ; Burckhardt, 790, 798, 800, 803. landscape painters

CALABRESE RINGENTILITO. See of his day, and the best depicter of Alpine
Solimena, Francesco. scenery. Visited Germany and the Nether-
CALAIS GATE, Wm. Hogarth, C. F. H. lauds in 1839, England in 1840, France in
Bolckow, Marton Hall, Middlesborough, 1842, and Italy in 1845. Medals 2d class, :

England. Original title, The Boast Beef of 1839 1st class, 1840 L. of Honour, 1842,
; ;

Old England. Painted by

Hogarth as a satire on the
French in retaliation for his
arrest and deportation to

England. A French soldier

isarresting the artist while
sketching Calais gate ; in
centre a French cook stag-
gers under an immense
piece of beef, just landed
from a British packet, and
directed to Madame Grand-
sire, the hotel-keeper in
Calais affected by the Eng-
lish of the day ; a well-
fed monk (portrait of Pine,
the engraver) blesses it,
while several half-starved
soldiers look wistfully
Calais Gate, Hogarth.
on. Painted in 1748, en-
graved in 1749. Bought by Earl of Charle- Member St Petersburg and Brussels
of
niont. Athen., Jan., 1875, 55; Cunning- Academies. Works: Mont Blanc, Jungfrau,
ham Dobson, 68.
; Lake of Brienz, Pass of Monte Rosa, Pass of
CALAIS PIER, Joseph M. W. Turner, Monte Cerino, Handeck Falls, Bernese Ober-
National Gallery, London canvas, H. 5 ft. 7
; land (1838^4) Ruins of Prostum, Storm
;

in. x 7 ft. 10 in. The eastern jetty of the in Woods, Leipsic Museum Noonday in
;

harbour French fishermen preparing for

; Summer, Autumn Evening, Night in Win-
sea the English packet arriving.
; Royal ter;
The Four Seasons, Geneva Museum ;

Academy, 1803; bequeathed by Turner. En- The Four Divisions of the Day, Lake of the
 CALAME
Four Cantons (1842), and (1870); The New Picture (1871); Good
Schreckhorn
Wetterborn, Basle Museum
Waterfall near Night, Moonlight Serenade (1873)
; Queen ;

Meyringen, Berne Gallery Lake of Lu- of the Tournament (1874); Toujours Fidele
;

cerne (1853), Mountain Valley (1865), Ber- (1875); His Reverence (1876); Joan of Arc,
lin Museum. Ch. Blanc, cole allemande ; Constance (1877); La Gloire de Dijon (1878);
Brockbaus, iii. 826 ; Meyer, Conv. Lex. Summer Breezes, Twilight (1879) ;
Tbe
(1875), iv. 78 Larousse.
; Olive, The Vine, Captives of his Bow and
CALAME, (JEANBAPTISTE) ARTHUR, Spear (1880); Flowers of the Earth (1881);
born in Geneva in 1843. Landscape paint- Dympbna, Faithful Heart, Joyous Summer
er son and pupil of Alexandre, and in
; (1883); Morning (1885). Meynell, 235;
1864-66 at tbe Dtisseldorf Academy under Portfolio (1870), 97.
Oswald Acbenbacli travelled in Italy, and
;
CALIARI. See Carjliari.

paints cbiefly Italian landscapes and marine CALIGULA'S PALACE AND BRIDGE,
subjects. Works Harbour on Mediterra-
:
Joseph M. W. Turner, National Gallery,
nean, Coast after Storm, Bay of Naples, Lake London canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. x 8 ft. 2 in.
;

Lucerne, Coast of Bordigbera. Mtiller, 91. Caligula, to confute a prophecy of Thrasyl-

CALATES, painter of comic subjects in lus that he would no more be emperor than
little, lived soon after time of Alexander. he could drive his chariot over the Bay
Pliuy, xxxv. 37 [114]; R.-R., Schorn, 240. of Baiao built a bridge of boats from
CALCAE, JAN VAN. See Kalkar, Hans the mole at Puteoli across the bay, about
von. three Roman miles, and rode and drove
CALDARA, POLIDORO. See Caravag- over it. Turner has assumed that the
gio, Polidoro da. bridge was constructed on arches. On the
CALDERON, PHILIP HERMOGENES, left are magnificent ruins of Caligula's pal-
born at Poitiers, ace, with the bridge across the bay in the
France, May 3, 1833. middleground ;
on the right, in distance,
Subject and portrait Baife. Royal Academy, 1831. Engraved by
painter, of Spanisb de- E. Goodall in Turner Gallery.
scent; pupil of J. M. CALISTO DA LODI. See Piazza.
Leigb, London, in CALLCOTT, Sir AUGUSTUS WALL,
1850, of Picot, Paris, born at Kensing-
in and of
1851-52, ton, Feb. 20, 1779,
Leigb again in 1853- died there, Nov.
54. Exbibited first 25, 1844. Choris-
By the Waters of Babylon, at Royal
picture, ter boy for several

Academy in 1853. Elected an A.R.A. in years in Westmin-

1864, and R.A in 18G7. Otber works: ster Abbey pupil ;

Broken Vows (1857) Gaoler's Daughter

; of John Hopp-
(1858); Nevermore (I860); Demande en ner ;
became a
Mariage, Releasing Prisoners on tbe Young portrait painter,
Heir's Birthday (1861); After tbe Battle and executed many figure pieces, such as
(1862); British Embassy in Paris on Night Raphael and the Fornarina (1837), and Mil-
of St. Bartholomew (1863); Her Most High, ton with bis Daughters But it is as
(1840).
Noble, and Puissant Grace (1866); Home a landscape painter that be will be chiefly
after Victory (1867) Young Lord Hamlet, remembered. As such, he ranks among the
;

(Enone (1868); Sighing his Soul into his best contemporaries of Turner and Con-
Lady's Face (1869); Spring petting Winter, stable, though he stands at a respectful dis-
Catherine de Lorraine and Jacques Clement tance from either in point of originality and
 CALLET
genius. The surname of the English Claude school history and portrait painter
; ob- ;

which has been given to him, and the large tained the first prize in 17fi4 for his Cleobis
prices obtained for his landscapes since his and Biton, now in the Kcole des Beaux
death, as, for instance, 3,097 and 514 paid Arts, and became member of the Academy
in 1863 at public sales, prove the esteem in 1780. Painted many allegorical and
felt for his works, in which English
scenery mythological as well as modern historical
is treated with unaffected truth to nature.
subjects. Works Winter or Saturnalia :

Callcottbecame an A.R.A. in 1800, and R.A. (1783), Spring or Worship of Juno Lucina
in 1810 he was knighted in 1837, and in (1791), Summer or Ftte of Ceres (1789),
;

1844 he was appointed conservator of the Autumn or F&te of Bacchus (1787), all in

Calumny, Botticelli, Uffiii, Florence.

royal pictures. The following pictures by Louvre. Wiirzbach, Mai. d. xviii. J., 10;
him are in the National Gallery Returning Villot, Cat. Louvre.
:

from Market (1834), Coast Scene, Landscape CALLICLES, Greek painter, mentioned
with Cattle, Wooden Bridge, Benighted by Pliny (xxxv. 37 [114]) as having exe-
Traveller, Old Pier at Littlehampton (1812), cuted some small pictures. Perhaps same
Entrance to Pisa painter spoken of by Varro (Fragm., p. 236
from Leghorn

JWC. Bip.). Brunn, ii. 260.

(1833), Dutch Fer- CALLTPHON,
painter, of Samos, date
ry (1834), View on Painted episodes of Trojan war
uncertain.
Coast of Holland. Cat. Nat. Gal. ; Art Un- on walls of Temple of Diana, Ephesus.
ion Journal, 1845 Art Journal (185C), 9 Pausan. v. 19, 1 x. 26, 127 Brunn, ii. 56.
; ; ; ;

Ch. Blanc, Kcole anglaise Sandby, i. 334.

; CALLISTO. See Diana and Callisto.
CALLET, ANTOINE FRANQOIS, born CALLOT, GEORGES, born in Paris;
in Paris, 1741, died there in 1823. French contemporary. History and portrait painter,
'

m
 CALUMNY
pupil of Eugene Adan. Medal, 3d class, Guido, Domenichino, and Albani. He was
1882. Works: The Chase (1879) Twilight a good designer, but mannered in style.
;

(1882); The Doves, Portrait (1883); Infancy His pictures

are chiefly in Bologna, in S.
of Orpheua (1884); Diana (1885). M. de' Servi, S. Petronio, S. Gregorio, S.
CALUMNY, picture. See Apelles. Giacomo Maggiore, and other churches.
CALUMNY, Sandro Botticelli, Uffizi, Works Assumption, Uffizi, Florence :
;

Florence wood, figures full length, small. Transfiguration, Parma Academy

; Mary ;

A magisterial person, seated at right, at- Magdalen borne to Heaven by Angels,

tended by Ignorance and Suspicion, stretches Turin Gallery male portrait, Vienna Mu- ;

out his hand to Calumny, who holds in one seum. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 258 ;

hand the torch of discord, and with the Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolonaise Fetis, Les Ar- ;

other drags Innocence by the hair she is tistes beiges ;\ 1'etranger, ii. 151 Michiels,
; ;

preceded by Envy and attended by Intrigue vi. 3 Rooses (Reber), 104. ;

and Treachery behind her, Repentance,

;
CALVARY. See Christ on Calvary.
clothed in black, is covered with confusion CALVARY, PROCESSION TO, Pierre
at the sight of Truth. Painted about 1485 Mignard, Louvre canvas, H. 5 ft. x 6 ft. 6 ;

from Lucian's description of Apelles' picture. in. signed, dated 1684. Christ, in centre, has
;

Given by Sandro to his friend, Fabio Segni. fallen under the weight of the cross, which
-Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 324 ; C. & C., Italy, Simon of Cyrene and others are carrying,
ii. 422 ; Moliui, Gal. de Firenze, i. 159 ; preceded and followed by soldiers and rab-
Lasinio, i. PI. 41. ble, up the mountain in foreground, left, ;

By Federigo Zucchern, Hampton Court the Virgin, Magdalen,; and St. John right, ;

tempera on canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. x 7 ft. 8 in. women and children. Painted for M. de

Probably a rendering of Lucian's descrip- Seignelay, and passed to Louis XIV. En-
tion of the celebrated picture by Apelles. graved by G. Audran Landou. Reveil, ix. ;

While employed in the Vatican, Zucchero 629.

had a difference with the Pope's officers, and By Rubens, Brussels Museum canvas, H. ;

in revenge painted this picture, in which 15 ft. 8 in. x 11 ft, 3 in. The Saviour, in
he represented those who had offended him grey vest and scarlet mantle, in centre,
decorated with asses' ears. The Pope's dis- bending under weight of the cross, which a
pleasure was the cause of Zucchero's de-| man, assisted by Simon of Cyrene, is remov-
parture from Rome. Originally in posses- ing from his back the Magdalen, kneeling, ;

sion of Duke Orsini di Bracciano perhaps is wiping his brows with a napkin behind
; ;

found its way to England in Duke of Man- her, the wife of Cleophas, with two children,
tua's collection, bought by Charles I. in and the Virgin, supported by St. John
;
at ;

1G28. Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton Court, 140. left, another woman with an infant in her
CALVAERT (Caluwaert), DENIS, born arms below, the two thieves, with hands ;

in Antwerp about 1540, died in Bologna, bound, guarded by soldiers in front, three ;

April 1C, 1G19. Flemish-Bolognese school ; horsemen and others indicated by spears
called by the Italians Dionisio Fiammingo and banners. One of Rubens's grandest
(the Fleming). Pupil of Christiaan Queck- compositions, but now much deteriorated.
bome ;
was a good landscape painter when Painted for the abbey church of Affleghem,
he removed to Bologna, where he studied for 1,600 florins, the work occupying sixteen

figure-painting under Prospero Fontaua days. Engraved by P. Pontius Ragot ; ;

and Lorenzo Sabbatini. He accompanied and with variations by Monaco. Sketch in

the latter to Rome, and aided him in the Amsterdam Museum. Smith, ii. 56.
Vatican. On
his return to Bologna he es- By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice ;
tablished a school, and had among his pupils canvas. Troops and attendants climbing
383
 CALVI
Calvary by a winding path Christ in centre Buskin, Mod. Painters, v. 230 Bidoln, Ma-
; ;

bearing the cross, the two malefactors being ra v., ii. 67.
on the nearer path. A strong and effective Subject also treated by Pieter Brueghel,
picture. Buskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 353. the younger, Berlin Museum.
By Tintoretto, Vienna Museum ; canvas, CALVI, LAZZABO, bora in Genoa in
H. 2 ft. 4 in. x2Christ falling un- 1502, died there in 1587.
ft. 7 in. Genoese school ;
der the weight of the cross, with Simon of son of Agostino Calvi, a respectable painter
Cyrene aiding him; behind, the Virgin, Mary of Lombard origin pupil of Perino del ;

Magdalen, and St. John ;

in front the two Vaga at same time with
his elder brother,
thieves, bound ; soldiers, mounted and on Pantalco Calvi (died 1595). The brothers
foot, and rabble. GaL de Vienne, i. PI. 48. painted much in collaboration in Genoa,

Procession to Calvary, Mignard, Louvre.

By Paolo Veronese, Dresden Gallery can- Naples, and other places, Lazzaro painting
;

vas,H. 5 ft. 8 in. x 14 ft. 6 in. Christ falling the principal parts and Pantaleo the orna-
under the weight of the cross, which he is mental portions. Lazzaro, vain and envious,
carrying amid a troop of mounted men and depreciated the works of others, and even
rabble St. Veronica, with her handkerchief, resorted to poison to rid himself of rivals.
;

thrust back by one attendant and struck at Defeated in competition with Andrea Semini
with a knotted cord by another, is trying to and Luca Cambiaso, he gave up painting
reach him ; behind, the Virgin, fainting, is and led a seafaring life for twenty years, but
sustained by St. John, a portrait of Veronese. finally returned to his profession. Among
From the Modena collection. Bestored by his best examples are: Phaeton, Apollo, etc.,
Schirmer in 1857. Engraved by Mitelli ; ceiling of hall, Palazzo Grimaldi, Genoa ;
Preisler. Gal. royale de Dresde, i. PL 1C ; Glory of Saints, choir S. Catterina, Genoa.
 CALVI
Soprani, 71; Baldinucci, ii. 148 Lanzi, Genoa ; St. Gottardo with Apostles and Do-
;

iii.242 ; Burckhardt, 759 ; Ch. Blanc, cole nors, ib. ; Madonna and Saints, Palazzo Ador-
genoise. no, Genoa Madonna and Child, Uffizi En-
; ;

CALVI, POMPEO, born at Milan in 1806. tombment, S. M di Casignano, Genoa ; two

Landscape and architecture painter pupil ; mythological Palazzo Borghese,
pictures,
of Migliara. Works Old Fish Market in
: Home double portrait of the painter and
;

Eome (1834), Interior of Monza Cathedral his father, Palazzo Spinola, Genoa ; Martyr-

(1838), Vienna Museum. Wurzbach, ii. dom of St. George, S. Giorgio, ib.; Eape of
243. Sabines, Palazzo Imperiale, Terralba, near
CALYPSO, pictures. See Irene, Nicias. Genoa. Luca had a son, Orazio, who aided
CAMBIASO, GIOVANNI, born in the val- him in the Escorial Philip n. continued
ley of Polcevera, near Genoa, in 1495. Gen- r ^~ to employ
oese school ; pupil of Antonio Semini, but /
^ ' f I* + f * him after
imitated Perino del Vaga and Pordenone. ^~*Atnbl'& Jlf
his father's
Painted chiefly in fresco. Was the master death, but he returned to Genoa in the fol-
of his son Luca. Soprani, 17; Baldinucci, lowing year. Soprani, 35, 51 Lanzi, iii. ;

ii. 174 Ch. Blanc, Ecole genoise, Luca Cam- 244; Seguier, 35; Burckhardt, 760; Ch.
;

biaso. Blanc, Ecole genoise.

CAMBIASO, LUCA, born CAMBON, AEMAND, born at Montauban
at Moneglia,
Oct. 18, 1527, died
(Drome) contemporary. French school
; ;

at the Escorial, genre and portrait painter, pupil of Paul

Spain, 1585. Geno- Delaroche and of Ingres. Medals 2d class, :

ese school. Some- 1863; 3d class, 1873. Works Morning and :

times called Luchet- Evening of Life (1874) Echo and Narcissus ;

to da Genova. Son (1875); Eoland fighting the Ork in Defence

and pupil of Giovan- of Olympia (1876) Alcinia and Roger (1880); ;

ni Cambiaso be- Spring Time of Life (1882).

;

came his father's as- CAMBTSES AT PELUSIUM, Paul Le-

sistant when fifteen noir, Charles Crocker, San Francisco. Illus-

years old, and was tration of the story narrated by Polysenus

selected when seventeen to paint the ceiling (vii. 9), that the Persian monarch captured
of the great hall in the Palazzo Doria. His Pelusium almost without resistance from
early works border on the gigantesque and the Egyptians, whose religious fears were
suggest study of Michelangelo, but he modi- aroused by their being assailed with sacred
fied his style at a later period. He painted cats. Painted in 1867. Photogravure in
both in oil and and such was his Art Treasures of America. Art Treas. of
in fresco,
fruitfulness of invention and facility of exe- Amer. iii. 43.
cution that he seldom made sketches for his CAMEELINGHI. See Madonna with the
works. His reputation reached foreign coun- Camerlinghi.
tries, and in 1583 he was invited to Spain by CAMILO, FEANCISCO, born in Madrid
Philip IL, who made him court painter and in 1635, died there in 1671. Spanish school;
gave him a pension of 500 ducats. Cambia- son of Domingo Camilo, a Florentine settled
so executed many works in the Escorial, the in Madrid, whose Spanish widow married
most celebrated being the Paradise or As- Pedro de las Cuevas ; pupil of his stepfather;
semblage of the Blessed, on the ceiling of painted frescos in the palace of Buen Eetiro
the church of the Escorial, for which he was and religious subjects for the convents of
paid 12,000 ducats. Of his oil pictures the Madrid, Toledo, Alcala, and other places.
best are Madonna and Saints, Duomo, Best work, Communion of St. Mary of Egypt,
:

234
 CAMLXADE
church of the Capuchins, Alcala de Henares. gnola, a noted scholar who had studied paint-
Stirling, ii. 714 Viardot, 275. ; ing under Squarcione painted miniatures ;

CAMINADE,ALEXANDRE FRANgOIS, and several altar-pieces, but best known as

born in Paris, Dec. 14, 1783, died there in May, an engraver. Invited in 1498 to court of
18G2. History and genre painter, pupil of Hercules L, Duke of Ferrara. Vasari, ed.
David and Murime'e. Medals 2d class, Mil., iii. 385, 639; Lanzi, ii. 177; Ch.
:

1812 ; 1st class, 1831 L. of Honour, 1833. Blanc, Ecole vunitienne Gaz. des
; Arts !
;
R
Principal works: Flight into Egypt, Marriage (1862), xiii. 332 ; Bartsch, xiii. 368.
of the Virgin, Adoration of the Magi, St. CAMPANA, PED11O, born in Brussels in
Etieune du Mont ; The Levite of Ephraim, 1503, died there in 1580. Spanish school ;
Entry of French into Antwerp, Versailles real name said to liave been Pieter Van de ;

St. Theresa receiving the Last Sacrament, Velde. After spending many years in study
Notre Dame de Lorette. Larousse. in Bologna and Rome, went about 1547 to
CAMINO, GIUSEPPE, born in Turin, Seville, where with Louis de Vargas and
Oct. 29, 1819. Italian school ; landscape Torregiano he opened an academy, and
painter, self-taught, studying nature and painted for the church of Santa Cruz his
after old masters lived for several years in
; famous Descent from the Cross (1548), now
Rome and other cities of Italy, visited Paris in the Cathedral, which was a favourite
and London, and settled at Turin, where he study of Murillo. Other works in Seville
became professor at the Academy in 1854. churches. Stirling, L 123 Ch. Blanc, ;

Works Primeval Forest Storm in the Ecole espagnole Cean Bermudez.

:
; ;

Campagna ;
Glacier of the Mont-Blanc ; CAMPHAUSEN, WILHELM, born 111

Pictures in Museo Civico, Turin. Miiller, Dilsseldorf, Feb.

93. 8, 1818, died
CAMPAGNOLA, DOMENICO, born in there, June 18,
Padua about 1490 (?) died after 1564. Ve- 1885. History
netian school related to Giulio Campagnola, and genre paint-
;

but not his son, as is generally said. First er, pupil of Diis-
taught by Giulio, afterward pupil of Titian, seldorfAcademy
and his Padua and Vi- under Rethel,
assistant (1511), at
cenza. Probably accompanied Titian to Sohn, and Schad-
Venice, and lived there awhile. Most of his ow one of the .
;

works, both in oil and fresco, are in Paduan foremost painters j

churches. His frescos in the Scuola del of battles and

Santo almost rival those of Titian in the military life. In 1843-45 he visited Hol-
same place. Four pictures of Prophets in land, Belgium, Switzerland, and North
Venice Academy David, Palazzo Manfrini
; ; Italy,made a long tour through Germany,
St. Michael and Lucifer, S. Cristoforo e and then painted in Diisseldorf mostly
Michele, Venice. Had a brother, Francesco, subjects from the Thirty Years' War and
also a painter. Domenico was also a fine the time of Cromwell In 1864, 186G,
engraver. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 385, 639 ;
and 1870-71 he accompanied the German
Ch. Blanc, Ecole venitienne C. & C., Titian, armies to the field.
;
Since 1859 professor at
i. 127, 132, 140 Gaz. des B. Arts (1864), Dflsseldorf Academy member of the Ber-
; ;

xvii. 456, 536 ; Lanzi, and Vienna Academies

ii. 94 ;
Prussian gold
Bartsch, xiii. lin ;

377. medal for Art medals in Berlin and Vienna ;

CAMPAGNOLA, GrULIO, born in Padua (1873). Works: Tilly's Flight from Breit-
about 1480 (?), died after 1513. Lombard enfeld (1841); Morgenroth (1842); Wound-
school son and pupil of Girolamo Campa- ed carried from Battlefield (1838), Prince
;

23.1
 CAMPHUYSEN
Eugene at Belgrade (1843), Cologne Mu- in 1626. Dutch school painted landscapes ;

seum Godfrey de Bouillon at Ascalon with figures and animals, and interiors of
;

(1845) Puritans watching the Enemy peasant houses. In sunsets and snow effects
;

(1846), National Gallery, Berlin ; Storming he was particularly successful. In 1604 he

of English Castle by Cromwellians ; Flight gave up art to study theology. Works :

of Charles II. after Battle of Worcester Twomoonlight landscapes, Dresden Gallery.

(1849); Charles I. at Naseby (1851); Puritans L'Art (1877), i. 37

on Morning Watch (1852), Kunsthalle, Ham- CAMPHUYSEN, GOVERT, born at Gor-
burg Captive English Family
;
escorted by kum in 1624, died in Amsterdam in 1674.

Puritans, New Pinakothek, Munich Eques- Dutch school son of Dirk animal painter
; ; ;

trian Portraits of Frederic the Great, of of vivid conception and great truthfulness

Seydlitz at Rossbach, of Ziethen, of Keith at in his boldly drawn pieces, remarkable for
Hochkirch, of Schwerin at Prague, of Des- details. Made citizen of Amsterdam, March
sauer Frederic IT. and Regiment Ansbach- 16, 1650. His pictures are scarce and some
;

Bayreuth at Hohenfriedberg ; Frederic at of them are probably attributed to Paul

the Parade in Potsdam, Royal Palace, Ber- Potter. Works Farm Interior (1650), :

lin ; BlUcher taken Prisoner as Swedish En- Brussels Museum Halt of Peasants at an ;

sign, Prussian Grenadiers after Battle of Inn, Rotterdam Museum Inn with Shep- ;

Leuthen, Blucher crossing the Rhine at herds and Peasants, Rocky Landscape with
Kaub, Breslau Museum Blucher meeting ;

Wellington at Belle-Alliance, Konigsberg

Museum Equestrian Portraits of Blucher
;

and Gneisenau, Magdeburg Museum ; Dup- J

pel after the Storming (1857), National Gal- do., Cassel Gallery ;
Rustic Interior, Copen-
lery, Berlin Fight inside Diippel Earthwork hagen Gallery ; Farm Interiors (2), Hermit-
;

tt, Crossing to Alsen (18G6), Bremen Gal- age, St. Petersburg. L'Art (1877), i. 37,
63.
lery ; Ordnance Ride (I860) ; Capture of
Austrian Standard at Nachod (1868) Meet- CAMPHUYSEN, RAFAEL, born about
;

ing of Prince Fred. Charles and Crown 1598, died in 1691. Dutch school brother ;

Prince at Chlum (1868); King William deco- of Dirk painted moonlight landscapes and ;

rating the pieces. May have been a pupil

Crown Prince with an Order shepherd
Sedan Meeting between of Paul Potter, but his moonlights are in
(1868); Napoleon at ;

Bismarck and Napoleon Entry of Emperor the manner of Van der Neer.
; Kugler
William into Berlin ;
Great Elector before (Crowe), ii. 440.
Battle of Fehrbellin
Storming ; CAMPI, ANTONIO, Cavaliere, born in
of Konigin-
hof Cavalry Skirmish at Waterloo
; Em- Cremona early part of 16th century, died
;

peror William on Horseback with Roon, about 1591. Lombard school son of Ga- ;

Bismarck and Moltke (1872), Cologne Muse- leazzo, and brother and pupil of Giulio
um Emperor William with Moltke (1873);' Campi. Painted in the Duomo and in S.
;

Frederic William I. with Dessauer (1879); Sigismondo, Cremona, and in S. Paolo, S.

Homage of the Silesian Estates at Breslau Celso, S. Barnaba, and S. Maurizio Mag-
(1882), Arsenal, Berlin. Brockhaus, iii. 883 ;

Dlustr. Zeitg. (1880), ii. 389 Kunst-Chronik,

xx. 649 N. Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), n. 671
;
;

;
AN.
Bruno Meyer, Studien u. Kritiken, 1 Rie- giore, Milan. He
;
sought to imitate Correg-
gel, Kunststudien, 397. gio. Wasalso architect, sculptor, engraver,
CAMPHUYSEN, DIRK RAFAELSZ, and author of Cronaca di Cremona (Cremo-
born at Gorkum in 1586, died at Dokkum, na, 1585). Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 496; Lanzi,
230
 CAMPI
ii. 435 ;
Ch. Blanc, l5cole lombarde ;
Burck- decorated with his pictures. He painted
hardt, 738 ; Rio, iii. 359. also St. Jerome in the Cathedral, Mantua ;

CAMPI, BERNARDINO, born in Cre- Pentecost (1546), S. Sigismoudo, Cremona;

mona in 1522, died there about 1590. Lom- Christ before Pilate, Cathedral of Cremona;
bard school ;
son of Pietro Campi, a gold- Crucifixion, S. M. della Passione, Milan ;

smith, of the same family as Galeazzo and Conversion, Baptism, Miracles, and
;
!

pupil of Giulio Campi, and of Ippolito Costa Death of St. Paul, S. Paolo, Milan Ma- ;

at Mantua, where he studied the works of donna with Saints S.

(1527), high altar, i

Giulio Romano, as also afterwards those of Abbondio, Cremona (Frescos

; 1547), S. Mar-
Correggio in Parma, Modena, and Reggio. gherita, Cremona, Castelbarco Gallery, Mi-
After successfully imitating the manner of lan, picture dated 1530. Lanzi, ii. 432 ;

these painters, ho formed a vigorous and Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 496 Ch. Blanc, Ecole ;

brilliant style of his own. He painted lombarde ; Burckhardt, 738 ; Rio, iii. 380.
many excellent portraits. Became among CAMPI, VDJCENZO, born in Cremona
the Campi what Annibale Carracci was in before 1532, died Oci 3, 1591. Lombard
his family,and received commissions from school youngest son of Galeazzo, and
;

all His most im-

the neighbouring citiea brother and pupil of Giulio Campi. Good
portant works are in S. Sigismondo, Cre- painter of portraits and of still life. Aided
mona, where he painted (1570-71) in the his brothers, in S. Paolo, Milan, and in
great cupola many figures from the Bible, other churches. Pictures in the Brera,
representing the concourse of the blessed. Milan Descent from Cross, Cathedral of ;

His many works are described by his biog- Cremona. Vasari, ed. MiL, vi. 496 Lauzi, ;

rapher Alessandro Lamo. Lanzi, ii. 437; ii. 436 Ch. Blanc, Ecole lombarde. ;

Ch. Blanc, cole lombarde Burckhardt, CAMPUZANO, Don TOMAS;

;
contempo-
738 Kugler (Eastlake), 495.
;
rary. Landscape painter ; Medal, Madrid,
CAMPI, GALEAZZO, of Cremona, born 1883. Works : In the Bay (1881); Beach
in 1477, died in 1536. Lombard school ; of Vivero (1883); The Tajo at Lisbon The ;

style formed on that of Boccaccino. His Tajo at Belem (1884). La Ilustracion

Raising of Lazarus (1515), now in Casal (1881), i. 419 ii. 65 (1883), i. 123; (1884), i

; ;

Maggiore, quaintly is treated with

ii. 219. senti-
'

mental realism. Other pictures of his are CAMUCCINLVINCENZO.Cavaliere.born

the St. Christopher (1516), in S. Sigismondo in Rome in 1773-75, died there,
Sepi 2.
and the Madonna in S. Sebastiano, Cremo-
j
1844. Italian school history and portrait;

na Portrait of the Artist, Uffizi, Florence,

;
painter pupil of his brother Pietro, a pict-
;

Galeazzo was the father of Giulio, Antonio, ure restorer, and of Bombelli the engraver,
and Vincenzo Campi. C. & C., N. Italy, ii. but formed himself chiefly by copying the
447 Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 496
; Ch. Blanc, ; old masters. Stimulated by the arrival of
Ecole lombarde Burckhardt, 738 Rio, iii.
; ; David at Rome, he painted, in the classic
377. manner, a series of pictures illustrative of
j

CAMPI, GIULIO, born Cremona about Roman history, as well as many religious
in
'

1500, died there in 1572. Lombard school subjects, which won him reputation.
; He
son and pupil of Galeazzo Campi, afterwards was also eminent as a
portrait painter,
pupil of Giulio Romano at Mantua, and among his sitters being Pius VIL, the King
later studied Raphael and the
antique at and Queen of Naples, Countess Schouvaloff,
'

Borne. Became the founder of the eclectic Countess de Diedrichstein, Due de Blacas,
school of painting at Cremona Distin- and other notable persons. He was inspec-
guished both as a painter and an architect tor-general of the pontifical museums, and of
S. Margherita, Cremona, is almost
wholly the factory of mosaics, and of the Neapoli-
S37
 CANALE
tan Academy of Rome, member of the name are by his pupils, Bellotto and Guar-
French Institute, and president of the di. Ch. Blanc says Canaletto is unexcelled
Academy Pius VII. gave him in painting architecture, in aerial perspec-
of St. Luke.
the title and Francis L the Order tive, and in rendering slightly ruffled water.
of baron,
of the Iron Crown. Works Horatio Co- His drawing is always precise and accurate,
:

des, Romulus and Remus, Count de Schiiu- and his colouring is wonderfully beautiful.
born; Death of Ccesar, Death of Virginia, But Ruskin avers that he is "less to be
Continence of Scipio, Palazzo Reale, Naples trusted for renderings of details than the
;

Departure of Regulus for Carthage Incre- rudest and most ignorant painter of the
;

dulity of St. Thomas (mosaic in St. Peter's) thirteenth century." His figures are not
;

Presentation in Temple, S. Giovanni, Pia- always good, and in some of his pictures
cenza Death of the Magdalen, Entomb- they were put in by Tiepolo. Among his
;

ment (painted for Charles IV. of Spain); most noted works are the Church of S. M.
Mission of Benedictine Monks to England della Salute in Venice, Louvre and the Re- ;

(1833) ;
Paul (1834), SS. ception of Count Gergi, and the Marriage
Conversion of St.

Apostoli, Rome. Ottley. of the Doge with the Adriatic, Hermitage,

CANALE, ANTONIO. See Canaletto. St. Petersburg. Other excellent examples

CANALETTO, IL, born in Venice, Oct. are: View of Ducal Palace, and View in
18, 1697, died Venice, Uffizi, Florence View of Venice, ;

there, April 20, Turin Gallery do., Academia Carrara, ;

1768. Venetian Bergamo Views in Venice (4), Berlin Mu- ;

school. Real seum do. (4), Munich Gallery View in ; ;

name Antonio Venice, View on Grand Canal, Piazzetta of

Canal or Canale; S. Mark, Scuola di S. Rocco, Ducal Palace,
in Italy also View of Eton College, Landscape with
n Tonino. Ruins, Regatta on Grand Canal, Grimani
called
Son of Rinaldo Palace, and others, National Gallery, Lon-
Canale, painter don and Seaport, Galleria Estense, Mo-
;

of theatrical dena Ch. Blanc, ]cole venitienne Dohme, ;

scenery followed same business for several

; 2iii.; Seguier, 36; Burckhardt, 805.
years, and thus acquired great readiness of CANDAULES, KING, Jean Leon Gerome,
hand and fertility of invention. About 1719 Paris. Candaules, King of Lydia, proud of
he went to Rome, where he occupied himself his wife's beauty, exhibited her unveiled
in studying the antique, and painted many charms to Gyges, a favourite officer. The
views of its architectural remains. On his Queen, having caught sight of Gyges as he
return to Venice he devoted himself to was stealing from his place of concealment
painting picturesque views of that city in in her chamber, gave him the alternative of
all its
aspects its pubKc murdering Candaules and receiving her and
canals, bridges,
places, palaces, and churches, and carnival the kingdom, or of suffering death himself.
and festival scenes full of figures. He vis- He chose the former alternative, and became
ited England twice, and painted many suc- the founder of the dynasty of the Mermna-
cessful pictures there, examples of which da3. (Herod., i. 7 Just, i. 7). Engraved ;

are to be seen at Windsor Castle. The gal- by A. Francois.

lery contains some of his finest pictures, CANELLA, GIUSEPPE, born in Verona
views in Rome and Venice. He executed a in 1788, died in Florence in 1847. Archi-
great number of works, and there are few tecture and landscape painter sketched in ;

by him France, Germany, and Switzerland. Among

large collections without examples ;

but many pictures which pass under his his best works are Views of Paris and the :
 CANLASSI
Boulevards ;
Cathedral of Milan Sta. Croce; Madonna and Child ; Child Jesus and little

in Florence ;
Haven of Honfleur. Wurz- St. John ; Portrait of himself and of a
bach, ii. 249. Knight of the Order of the Golden Spur,
CANLASSI. See Caynacci. Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Cean Bermu-
CANO, ALONSO, born in Granada, March dez; Stirling, ii. 779; Viardot, 65; Ch.
19, 1601, died there, Blanc, Ecole espagnole Madrazo, 359. ;

Oct. 3, 1667. Span- CANON, HANS (Johann von Straschi-

ish school. After ripka), born in
his father, Miguel, Vienna, March
removed to Seville, 13, 1829, died
Alonso, by the ad- there, Sept. 12,
vice of Juan del 1885. Genre,
Castillo, studied history and por-
sculpture under trait painter; pu-
Montanes and paint- !pil of Waldniiil-
ing under Pacheco was painter, sculptor,
; ler,then in 1848-
and architect, whence sometimes called the 55 cavalry officer
Spanish Michelangelo. Noted for the man- in the Austrian
ufacture of retablos or monumental altar- army after that devoted himself entirely to
;

pieces, of which all parts the wood-carv- art greatly influenced by Kahl.
; Travelled
ings and statues as well as the paintings extensively in the East, France, and England,
were executed by himself. In 1637 he fled 1860-69 in Carlsruhe, then in Stutt-
lived in
from Seville, in consequence of a duel with gart,and finally settled in Vienna, where he
the painter Llano y Vald6s, and went to became professor at the Academy. Imitated
Madrid, where, through the favour of Velas- the Venetian masters, especially Tintoretto
quez, his fellow-pupil under Pacheco, he and Titian one of the best portrait painters
;

obtained the protection of the Duke de Works Fishermaiden

of his time. :
(1858) ;
Olivares and became painter to the king. In Modern Judith (1860) Cromwell ;
beside
1644 he was suspected of the murder of his the Body of Charles I., Lodge of St. John
wife, but on being put to the torture was de- (1873), Vienna Museum ;
Circuit of Life,
Museum of Natural History, Vienna Hans
clared innocent, though the suspicious against ;

him were strong. In 1652 PhilipIV. appointed Sachs Modern Diogenes The Page Fruit ; ; ;

him a canon in the cathedral at Granada, Girl Treasure Digger Lute Player Bac-; ; ;

where he passed his last days in practising chus Intoxicated Bayadere Butcher's ; ;

his art and in charitable deeds. Works Shop Girl with Stereoscope
:
Flamingo
; ;

St. John Evangelist writing the Apocalypse, Chase Dealer in Arms St. Benedict, Pope; ;

St. Benedict the Abbot, St. Jerome, Madonna Leo the Great, Cassiodorus, Boethius, Male
in Adoration, Flagellation of Christ, Dead and Female Portrait (1883). Brockhaus,
Christ and Angel, Gothic King on his Throne, iii. 912 Wurzbach, xxxix. 253 Kunst- ; ;

and Two Gothic Kings, Madrid Museum Chronik, xx. 734. ;

Crucifixion, Academy S. Fernando, Madrid ; CANTAKINI, SDIONE, born at Oropez-

Madonna, Seville Cathe- za near Pesaro in 1612, died at Verona, Oct.
dral (replica in Herrni- 15, 1648. Bolognese school called also II ;

tage); Souls in Purgatory, Pesarese and Simone da Pesaro.

Pupil of
Seville Museum; St. Agnes, Giacomo
Pandolfi, with whom he went to
Berlin Museum ;
St. Paul, Dresden Gallery; Venice studied next with Claudio Ridolfi,
;

Madonna and St. Anthony, Munich Gallery; and afterwards with Guido; exhibited great
Dominican painting Portrait of St. Dominic ; talent, but grew so vain and arrogant that
 CANTERBURY
lie was forced to leave Bologna. After (1878, 1879); Workshop of Seamstresses
studying the works of the great masters in (1880) Wedding at Laruns, End of Nana ;

Home he returned to Bologna and opened a (1882) Land-slip in a Quarry, Study of ;

school in opposition to Guido. Humiliated Nude Woman (1884); Gratuitous and oblig-
at his want of success in painting a portrait atory Instruction, A Model (1885).
of the Duke of Mantua, he went to Verona, CAPELLE, JAN VAN DER, born in Am-
and died there, some say of poison. Baldi- sterdam, the freedom of which city he re-
nucci calls him another Guido, but though ceived in 1653. Dutch school marine ;

he copied Guido with great success, he had painter, pupil of Albert Cuyp. Painted
little originality. He was an able engraver. quiet seas under warm and bright skies. |

Works Repose in Egypt (2), Louvre Mir- Works River with Ships, Amsterdam Mu-
:
;
:

acle of St. Peter, S. Pietro, Fano Assump- seum Fishing Boats, Rotterdam Museum
;
:

;
;

tion, Bologna Gallery Holy Family, Trans- Mouth of the Scheldt with numerous vessels,
;

figuration,Brera, Milan; Holy Family, Aremberg Gallery, Brussels Marine, Berlin ;

Madrid Museum Joseph and Potiphar's Museum Strand with Ships, Vienna Muse-
; ;

Wife, Dresden Gallery Holy Family, Re- it um Calm at Low Water,

; ;

pose in Egypt, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. National Gallery, Lon-

C(tj9*il
/
Malvasia, ii. 373 Lanzi, iii. 103 Ch. ; ; don pictures in the col-
;

Blanc, ficole bolonaise ; Seguier, 37. lections of Messrs. Munro,

Baring, and of
CANTERBURY PILGRIMS, Thomas the Duke of Bedford and Lord Overstone.
Slothard, National Gallery, London ; wood, Kugler (Crowe), ii. 501 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole
H. 1 f t in. x 3 ft. in. A cavalcade of hollandaise.
numerous figures, all on horseback and rid- CAPORALI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA,
ing from right to illustrating the per-
left, in Perugia about 1476, died there bom
sons described in the prologue to Chaucer's about 1560. Umbrian school son of Bar- ;

"
Canterbury Tales." Purchased at Leigh tolommeo Caporali, an inferior painter of
Court sale (1884). Engraved by the broth- Perugia (1472-1521); commonly called Bitte
ers Schiavonetti and James Heath, 1817. or Bitti, an abbreviation of Battista errone- ;

CAPANNA, PUCCIO, middle of 14th ously called Benedetto by Vasari. Brought

century. Florentine school; disciple of up by his father, but went about 1507-8 to
Giotto, according to Vasari, who says he Rome, where he became acquainted with
was a good painter but the works assigned Perugino, Pinturicchio, Bramante, and
;
Sig-
to him differ much
in style, and are all in- norelli, and learned to imitate them. On
ferior. Puccio was admitted to the Floren- his return to Perugia in 1519 he was made
tine painters' guild in 1350.
Among the a decemvir. He was also an architect, and
works ascribed to him are frescos in S. built and decorated with frescos the Villa
Francisco, Assisi, S. Maria Novella and S. Passerini near Cortona. A fresco in S.
Trinita, Florence, and in the Hall of the Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome Virgin and ;

Capitolo, S. Francesco al Prato, Pistoja, and Saints (1492), S. Girolamo, Citta di Castello ;

pictures in S. M. Novella and S. Triuita,

Nativity, Duomo, Panicale, and at S. Salva-
Florence. C. & C., Italy, i. 376 ; Vasari, tore, in neighbourhood, are attributed to this
ed. Mil., i. 394 ; Baldinucci, i. 234. painter. C. & C., Italy, iii. 360 ; Ch. Blanc,
CAPDEVIELLE, LOUIS, born at Lour- Ecole ombrienne ; Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 597.
des (Hautes-Pyrenees) contemporary. His- CAPPONI, RAFFAELLINO. See Garbo.
;

tory and portrait painter, pupil of A. Millet, CAPPUCCINO, IL. See Strozzi, Ber-
Bonnat, and Cabanel. Medal, 3d class, nardo.
1882. Works Knife Grinder, First Prize
:
CARACCIOLO, GIAMBATTISTA, born
(1876); Pork Scalder (1877); Portraits in Naples about 1580, died there in 1641.
 CARAUD
Neapolitan school ; of good family and edu- Ercole in 1609. Roman school. Real name
cation pupil of Francesco Imparato, and Michelangelo Ainerighi or Merighi son of a
; ;

later of Caravaggio when that painter was mason em- ;

in Naples, about 1606. Roused by the fame ployed in Milan

of Annibale Carracci, he went to Rome, and to mix plaster
by diligent study of his works in the Pa- for fresco paint-
lazzo Farnese, became a correct designer in ers, and learned
that painter's style, still preserving the to paint by
strong contrasts of light and shade that he watching them.
had learned from Caravaggio. Some of his Went to Venice
pictures are in churches in Naples. He be- and studied
longed to the infamous Neapolitan Cabal of works of Gior-
which Spaynoletto was the head. Lauzi, ii. gione; thence to
34 Ch. Blanc, f'cole napolitaine.
; Rome, where he aided Cesare d'Arpino in

CARAUD, JOSEPH, born Cluny, painting ornamental parts of his pictures.

at

(Sa6ne-et-Loire), Jan. 5, 1821. Genre paint- The novelty of his style, an energetic but
er, pupil of Abel do Pujol and Charles Louis coarse rendering of nature, without selec-
Miiller. Some of his pictures have been tion and without taste, soon attracted
engraved. Medals 3d class, 1859
: 2d notice, and his works won such public ad-
;

class, 18G1 and 1863 L. of; Honour, 1867. miration that other artists were led to imi-
Works: Oracle of the Fields (1847); The tate his powerful though corrupt manner.
Awakening, Dark and Fair (1849); Dancing After painting many important pictures in
Lesson, Interrupted Breakfast, A Kitchen Rome, he fled to Naples to escape justice for
!

(1855); Marie Antoinette in the Little Tri- the homicide of a companion, committed in
anon, Abbu Pruvost reading Manon Lescaut a moment of anger. After various wander-
at an Actress's (1857); Athalie played at ings he received the Pope's pardon for this
Saint-Cyr before Louis XIV., Louis XV. crime, and was on his way from Naples to
and Mine. Dubarry (1859); Mile, de la Val- Rome by sea when he died at Porto Ercole.
liere taking theVeil, The Sedan Chair Among his best works are: Etombment,Vai-
(1861); The Great Conde's Return after the ican Gamesters, Palazzo Sciarra, Rome Ju-
; ;

Battle of Senef, Signing the Contract, The dith and Holofernes, Naples Museum Chess ;

First- Born (1863); Louis XVL making Players, Venice Academy; Ciq>i<l Asleep, Pa-
Locks (1865); Blessing the Bread, The Alert lazzo Pitti, Florence; Christ among the Doc-

(1867); Scenes from Marriage of Figaro tors, Christ and the Tribute Money, Head of

(1868); Marie Antoinette and Madame Medusa, Uffizi, Florence Fortune Teller,
;

Roy ale at Versailles (1870); Soubrette Walk- Capitol Gallery, Rome Lute Player, Liech-
;

ing, Girl holding a Cut (1872) Breakfast; tenstein Gallery, Vienna Fortune Teller, A
;

(1873) Parroquet (1874) Pointed Finger

; ; Concert, Death of the Virgin, Portrait of
(1875); Little Farmer
(1876); Spring-Time, Grand Master of Malta, Louvre Two Men
;

Pleased (1877) Louis XV. and Mme. Drinking, Modena Gallery

Abbe ;
St. Sebastian, ;

Dubarry at the Little Trianon, Coffee Mill Brera, Milan ; St. Matthew and Angel, Ber-
(1878) Pouting, Flower-Girl (1879) Sou- lin Museum
; ;
Fortune Teller, Gamesters, ;

brette Asleep, Two Friends (1880) Magpie, Dresden ; Gallery ; Lute Player, Christ
Gardener (1882); Parroquet, A Letter (1883); crowned with Thorns, Martyrdom of St.
Fisher-maiden (1884) ; Spinner, Petit De- Peter, Martyrdom of Si Sebastian, Hermit-
jeuner (1885). age, St Petersburg Supper at Emmaus,
;

CARAVAGGIO, MICHELANGELO DA, National Gallery, London. Ch. Blanc,

born at Caravaggio in 1569, died at Porto ficole ombrienne ; Seguier, 3 ; Wornum,
 CARAVAGGIO
Epochs, etc., 332 Burckhardt, 767; Dohme, (1570), now in the Madrid Museum. In
;

1591 he painted, with Bias del Prado, some

CARAVAGGIO, POLIDORO DA, born at pictures for the Church of the Minorites,
Caravaggio about Toledo Portrait of the Archbishop D. Bar-
;

1490 (?), died in tolome Carrauza in the capitular hall of the

Messina in 1543. Cathedral at Toledo Circumcision, Hermit-
;

Umbrian school. age, St. Petersburg. Stirling, i. 261 Ma- ;

Real name Polidoro drazo, 365.

,
Caldara while em-
; CARBONE, GIOVANNI BERNARDO,
ployed as a mason born in Albaro, near
Genoa, in 1614, died in
\\
r i\ in the Vatican when 1683. Genoese school pupil of Gio. Andrea
;

^
jA Raphael and his pu- de' Ferrari studied composition in Venice.
-J ;

/ pils were painting, Painted historical subjects, but chiefly noted

he acquired a taste for his portraits, in which he imitated Van
for art, and induced Matmino, a Florentine Dyck. Works St. Louis adoring the Cross, :

artist, to instruct him. He soon exhibited FAnnunziata, Genoa Madonna and Saints, ;

such aptitude that Maturiuo took him into Palazzo Pallavicini, Genoa. Lanzi, iii. 267;
partnership, and they executed conjointly Ch. Blanc, cole genoise; Burckhardt, 779.

many works in black and now known

white, CARCASSONNE, DELIVERANCE AT,
only by engravings. When Rome was sacked Jean Paul Laurem, Luxembourg Museum ;

(1527), Caravaggio went to Naples,and after- canvas, H. 14 ft. 2 in. x 11 ft. In August,
ward to Messina, where he acquired fame 1303, the inhabitants of Carcassone and of
and wealth. When about to return to Rome, Albi, under the lead of the reformer of Lan-
he was murdered for his money. In his guedoc, Jean de Picquigny, released many
earlier works Polidoro shows his training in prisoners from the dungeons of the Inquisi-
the school of Raphael e.
fj.
Frieze of the tion.
: Men are engaged in removing the
History of Niobe on facade of a house in the stones from the entrance, over which is seen
Via della Maschera d'Oro, No. 7, at Rome. the Papal arms, while the reformer is preach-
Later he became an out and out naturalist, ing to people at left. Salon, 1879.
as in the Christ bearing the Cross, Naples CARDENAS, DE, born BARTOLOME
Museum. Among works are
his Psyche, in Portugal in 1547, died
: in Madrid in 1G06.
received into Olympus, Louvre Passage of Spanish school ; pupil in Madrid of Alonso ;

the Red Sea, Brera, Milan St. Luke, Berlin Sanchez Coello painted frescos in the clois-
; ;

Museum Pieta, Turin Gallery;

;
ters of Convent of Atocha, Madrid in 1601 ;

Meleager, Capitol Museum, went to Valladolid, at invitation of Duke of

Rome Cephalus and Procris,
; Lerma, for whom he painted altarpieces in
Vienna Museum. Vasari, ed. the church and several religious works in
Mil., v. 141 Tassi, Pittura Ber-
; the cloisters and chapels of the convent of
gamaschi (Bergamo, 1708), 76 S. Pablo. Some of his pictures are in the
;

Burckhardt, 186 Wornum, Epochs, etc.,

; Museum at Valladolid. His son Juan (flour-
235 Ch. Blanc, ficole ombrienne Dohme, ished 1620), was a painter of fruits and flow-
; ;

2iii. ; Lilbke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 375. ers. Stirling, i. 432.
CARBAJAL, LUIS DE, born in Toledo CARDI, LUDOVICO. See Cigoli.
in 1534, died after 1613. Spanish school (Carducho), ; CARDUCCI BARTOLOM-
pupil of Juan de Villoldo, removed early to MEO.born in Florence in 1560, died in Madrid
Madrid, and became, in 1556, painter to Jin 1608. Florentine school; pupil of Federigo
Philip H. Painted in 1570-82 seven altar- Zucchero, with whom he went, in 1585, to
pieces for the Escorial, and a Magdalen Spain, and was engaged as painter, sculptor,

842
 CARDUCHO
and architect under Philip IL and Philip 1508. He imitated the great Venetian mas-
HI. Painted frescos in the library of the ters so closely that his works are often con-
Escorial, and several altarpieces, as well as a founded with theirs, and appear under the
Descent from the Cross, in S. Felipe el Real names of Giorgioue, Palma, and Pordenone.
;

also began, in the Pardo, frescos which were There are but two dated canvases among
finished by his brother Vincenzio. Works the many works ascribed to him, a group in
:

Descent from the Cross, St. Sebastian, Last the Roucalli collection (1519), and a Madon-
Supper, Madrid Museum. Stirling, i. 212; na in the Casa Baglioni, Bergamo (1520).
Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Viardot, 256.
;
Other examples are in the Lochis-Carrara
CARDUCHO, VINCENZO, born in Flor- Gallery, Bergamo the Brera, Milan and ; ;

ence in 1578 (?), died in Madrid in 1638. the Dresden Museum. C. & C., N. Italy, ii.
Spanish school went to Spain in 1585, with 546
; Tassi, Pittori Bergamaschi, i.
;
33 ;

his elder brother,Bartolommeo, who in- Burckhardt, 737 Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ;

structed him in painting. Succeeded his ii. 625.

brother as painter to Philip III., and finished CARLONI, GIAMBATTISTA, born in
the frescos begun by him in the Pardo. Genoa about 1594, died there in 1680.
i

Was also painter to Philip IV. In 1626-32 Genoese school son and pupil of Taddeo ;

he painted fifty-four pictures for the Car- Carloni, painter, sculptor, and architect
j

thusians of El Paular twenty-seven repre- (died 1613) studied in Florence under Pas-
; ;

senting the life of St Bruno, and twenty- signauo and in Rome associate of his ;

seven representing the Martyrdoms and brother Giovanni, and aided him in most
miracles of the Monks of the Order. These of his works, especially in the Gesft and in
are all in the Madrid Museum. He painted the Anuunziata del Guastato, Genoa also ;

also historical pictures and portraits, 120 of finished his frescos in S. Antonio Abate,
which are mentioned by Cean Bermudez as Milan. Painted frescos at S. Siro, Genoa,
in public edifices in Spain, and wrote the and painted much in private palacea. Had
Dialogos de las Excelencias de la Pintura, by his wife Niccoletta Scorza twenty-four
the best work on painting in the Castilian
tongue (Madrid, 1633). Works Battle of :

Fleurus, Relief of Constance, Capture of

Rheinfeld (three scenes in Thirty Years' onu
War), Birth of the Virgin, Visitation, Pres-
entation of
1670
As- children, of whom Andrea or Giovanandrea
Jesus,
sumption, VINCENT* (born 1639, died 1697) and Niccold were
painters. Lanzi, iii. 263, 278 Ch. Blanc, ;

ficole gunoise ; Burckhardt, 799.

drid Muse- / C ^O CARLONI, GIOVANNI, born in Genoa
urn ;
Infant in 1591, died in Milan in 1630. Genoese
Christ and Christ and Angels, with SS. Gon- school ; son and pupil of Taddeo Carloni,
and Bernardino (1630), Dres- and scholar of Pietro Sorri finally studied
zalo, Francis,
I
;

den Gallery. Stirling, i. 417 Ch. Blanc, in Rome and Florence, where he learned
;

Ecole espagnole Viardot, 258 Madrazo, fresco under Passignano.

; ;
Became an able
366. fresco painter works in del Gesii, 1'Annuu-
I

CARIANI, GIOVANNI BUSI, of Ber- ziata del Guastato, and S. Domenico, Genoa.
gamo, born at Fuipiano about 1480 (?), liv- Was painting the ceilings of S. Antonio
ing in 1541. Venetian school. The earliest Abate, Milan, when he died. Lauzi,
iii.

record in regard to him is a contract of 263 Ch. Blanc, ficole genoise.

;

-i
 CAKLOS
CAELOS, DON, brother of Philip IV., Braekeleer, and in Paris (1831-34), under
portrait, Velasquez, Madrid Museum can- E. le Poitevin settled in 1836 in Antwerp,
; ;

vas, H. 6 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 1 in. About twenty where he acquired reputation. Works:
years old, full-length, standing, black dress. Presentation, Music, Visit at the Studio.
Painted about 1627, first manner. Etched Nagler, Mon., iv. 325.
by J. J. Martinez de Espinosa Guerard. CAEOLUS -DUEAN (CHAELES AU-
;

Curtis, 60 Madrazo, 614.

; GUSTE EMILE
CAKLSEN, EMCL, born iu Denmark in DU EAND),
1848. Went
to America in 1872, and stud- called, born at
ied in Boston, where he has since lived. Lille, July 4,
Works : Still Life (T. B. Clarke, New York.) 1837. French
CABLUCCIO DELLE MADONNE. See school; genre and
Maratti, Carlo. portrait painter ;
N
CAEMANIDES. See Charmantides. pupil of Souchon ;

CARMIENCKE, HEKMANN, born in went to Paris,

Hamburg, Sept. 2, 1810, died in Brooklyn, where he won a
N. Y., June 15, 1867. Landscape painter prize and a pen-
and engraver pupil of Dahl in Dresden,
; sion founded by
and from 1834 at the Copenhagen Academy. Wicar for his fel-
In 1837 was again in Dresden and Leipsic ;
low-citizens of Lille, and went to Italy, after-
returned to Copenhagen in 1838, visited wards to Spain. His work shows traces of
Sweden in 1841, Munich and Tyrol in 1842, the influence of both countries.
Lately he
and Italy in 1845-1846. Was court painter has painted portraits, especially female, with
to Christian Vin., until after the German- great success. Is also a sculptor. Medals
Danish war of 1848. Emigrated to New in 1866, 1869, and 1870 2d class in 1878 ; ;

York in 1851 and became one of the found- medal of honour, 1879 L. of Honour, ;

ers of the Brooklyn Academy. Works 1872; Officer, 1878. Works: Evening
:

Lake among High Mountains, Ziller Valley Prayer (1865) The Murdered Man (1866), ;

in Tyrol. Audresen, iv. 46. Museum St. Francis of Assisi (1868);

Lille ;

CAENOVALE, FEA, flourished about Dame au Gant (1869), Luxembourg Mu-

1456. Umbrian school ;
real name Bartol- seum ; portraits only during the next ten
ommeo di Giovanni di Bartolo Corradini ; years, of which
entered the Dominican Order, and in 1461- one of the most
st P
88 was curate of S. Cassiano of Cavallino, noted is Mile. UUT
near Urbino. A Madonna with Saints and Croizette ; Glo-
e.
^
\QXQ\
\%82
Angels, in the Brera, Milan, is attributed to ria Marise Medi-
him. It is in the style of Piero della Fran- cis (1878, ceiling in the Luxembourg) ;

cesca, and if it be the work of Fra Carno- Child on the Banks of the Tagus (1868) ;

vale,he was probably a pupil of that master. portraits in 1879, 1880, 1881 ;
A Future
Vasari makes Fra Carnovale the master of Doge (1881) A Burial (1882) ; ;
A Vision
Bramante. Other works St. Michael and (1883). Larousse Montrosier.
:
;

the Dragon, National Gallery, London ;

CAEOTO (Carotto), GIOVAN FEAN-
Madonna and Angels, S. M. delle Grazie, CESCO, born in Verona in 1470, died

Sinigaglia. C. & C., Italy, ii. 553 ; Vasari, there in 1546. Lombard school ; pupil in
ed. Mil., iv. 147. Verona of Liberale, and in Mantua of Man-
CABOLUS, LTJDOVICUS ANTONIUS, tegna, of whom he is said to have been so
born in Antwerp, Dec. 25, 1814. Genre perfect an imitator that his works passed
painter; pupil of Eeckhout and of F. de as those of his master. On his return to

244
 CARPACCIO
Verona, previous to 1508, his pictures took turesqueness to her squares and water-ways.
a local tinge reminiscent of Liberale and He had not Bellini's gentleness and sweet-
Giolfino. He executed important works for ness, but was more
energetic in action, hard-
Ant. Maria Visconti, iu Milan, and for the er and drier in tone. The picture of the
Marquis of Montferrat, in Casale. Called by bleeding Christ adored by Angels (149G),
Maffei the Proteus of Veronese painters, so Vienna Museum, is painful in
subject, and
varied are his works in style. Among them stiff in figure action. Between 1502 and
are Altarpiece, S. Tommaso, Verona; Christ 1508
Carpaccio painted nine small easel
:

and Saints, S.Cateriua, Insurrection of Laza- pictures and an altarpiece for the school or
rus, Virgin and Saints, Verona Gallery ; refuge of distressed Dalmatian seamen,
SS. Eoch and Sebastian, S. Giorgio, Vero- which had been rebuilt under the name of
na ; Madonna and St. Anne, S. Termo Mag- Sail Giorgio de' Schiavoni. These pictures
giore, Martin on Horseback, S. represent scenes from the lives of Christ
ib. ; St.

Anastasia, ib.; Ursula and the 11,000 and the patron Saints of Dalmatia and Al-
St.

Virgins, S. Giorgio, ib. (1545). Madonna, bania, Jerome, George, and Trifou. East-
Stiidel Institute, Frankfort do., Collection ern costumes and landscapes of an East-
;

of Baron Sternburg, Lutschena. Vasari ern character abound in them, as in the

says he was the first Veronese who painted Baptism of the Gentiles, and the Combat of
landscapes well. Giovan Francesco had a St. George. The altarpiece represents the
brother Giovanni Caroto, probably his as- Virgin and Child between two angels. The
sistant, but much inferior to him. He is Annunciation (1504), Vienna Academy, the
noteworthy only as the first master of Glory of St. Thomas Aquinas (1507), Stutt-
Puolo Veronese. C. & C., N. i. 481
Italy, gart Museum, and the Burial of the Virgin
;

Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 288 ; Baldinucci, ii. 44 (1508), Ferrara Gallery, show that Car-
;

Burckhardt, 158, 1G7, 190; Ch. Blanc, paccio's forte lay rather in treating inci-
Ecole lombarde Bernasconi, 292 ; Lermo- dents of legendary history than religious
;

lieff, 167 Lflbke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 574. episodes. Still, we think that his 1'rexenta-
;

CARPACCIO (Scarpaccia, Scarpaza), VIT- tion in the Temple (1510), Venice Academy,
TORE, born in is his masterpiece. Another fine and char-
Istria about 1450, acteristic work is the
Supj>er at Emmaus, in
died after 1522. S. Salvatore, Venice. Other pictures paint-
Venetian school. ed before Carpaccio began to fail are the
It is conjectured Vocation of St. Stephen (1511), Berlin Mu-
that Carpaccio seum his Sermon at the Louvre, and his
;

went to Constan-
Dispute with the Doctors (1514), Brera, Mi-
tinople with Gen- lan and his Martyrdom (1515), Stuttgart.
;

tile Bellini in The altarpiece at S. Vitale of this year

1479, and it is shows manifest decline "attributable to
clear that the much
age, weariness, or use of assistants."
great painter's influence developed his style Many later works scattered about in Istrian,
and affected his colour and drawing, but the
certain date connected with Carpaccio
first
VICTOR CARPATH1VS
is 1490, when he began to paint the series of !

nine pictures illustrative of the life of St.

Ursula, Venice Academy. Like Gentile Bel-
large works, those of Carpaccio preserve
lini's

the features of old Venice, and show the Lombard, and Friulian churches show still
1

variety of costume which gave so much pic- further decay. The last, of 1519, are two
j

845
 CARPENTER
altarpieces at S. Francesco of Pirano in Is- in Venice, and on his return to Bologna
tria, and of Pozzale near Cadore. Vasari, (1589), opened the famous Eclectic school
ed. Mil., iii. 627, 661 ; C. & C., N. Italy, i. of the Carracci with Lodovico and Anuibale
195 ;
Ch. Blanc, cole vunitienne ; Liibke, Carracci. He aided his brother Aunibale
Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 539. (1GOO), in the Palazzo Farnese, Rome, where
CAEPENTER, FRANCIS BICKNELL, he painted the Triumph of Galatea and Ceph-
born at Homer, New York, in 1830. Por- alus and
Aurora, of which his cartoons
trait painter, pupil of Sanford Thayer in exist in the National Gallery, London after- ;

Syracuse. Professional life passed in New ward went into service of Duke Ranuccio
York elected an A.N.A. in 1852. Works Farnese in Parma, where he died. Among
;
:

David Leavitt (1852), American Exchange his best works are the Communion of St.
Bank, New York Asa Packer, Lehigh Uni- Jerome, Assumption, Bologna Gallery; Land-
;

versity, Pennsylvania; Lieut-Go v.Woodford,

Senate Chamber, Albany Goldwin Smith, ; Bathers, Pa-
Cornell University ;
Prof. Gibbs, Yale Col- lazzo Pitti,
lege, New Haven Horace Greeley, Tribune
; Florence;
Association, New York Gov. M. H. Clarke, ; Infant Her-
President Fillmore, City Hall, New York ; cules, Lou-
Abraham Lincoln Albany vre, Paris Rinaldo and Armida, Naples Mu-
(1874), Capitol at ; ;

President Tyler, President Pierce, Win. H. seum. Malvasia, i. 263 Amoriui, Vite, etc. ;

Seward, Chas. Sumner, and many others. (Bologna, 1840) Baldinucci, iii. 323 Wor- ; ;

His Emancipation Proclamation (1864,) is in uum, Epochs, 320; Burckhardt, 699, 784,
the Capitol, Washington. 794, 796, 808 Ch. Blanc, ficole bolonaise ; ;

CAKPI, GIROLAMO DA. See Girolamo Dohme, 2iii. Seguier, 39 Bartsch, xviii. 31. ; ;

da Carpi. CARRACCI, ANNIBALE, born in Bo-

CARR, DAVID, born in England con- logna, Nov. 3, ;

temporary. Landscape and genre painter. 1560, died in

Exhibits at Royal Academy and Grosveuor Rome, July 15,
Gallery. Works: Weed Burners (1879); 1609. Bolognese
Watercress Gatherers (1880); A la Fontaine school brother ;

-Yport Ploughing, Violets of Agostino and

(1881); Cliff

(1882); Waiting, An Old-Fashioued Spring, pupil of Lodo-

At the Doors of La-Force Paris, 1792 vico Carracci. In
(1883). 1580 he went to
CARRACCI, AGOSTINO, born inBologna, Parma to study

Aug. 16, 1557, died the works of Cor-

in Parma, March 22, reggio and of Parmigiano ;
also visited Ven-
1602. Bolognese ice, and after seven years' absence returned
school son of a tailor, to Bologna. He aided his cousin and broth-
;

Antonio Carracci, who er in the academy which they founded there

was cousin to Vin- until 1600, when he accepted the invitation
cenzo, the father of of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese to decorate
Lodovico Carracci. the vaulted ceiling of a gallery in his palace
Pupil of Fontana, of in Rome. In this work, which occupied
DomenicoTibaldi, and him eight years, he was assisted by his
of Cornelius Cort, with whom he studied en- brother Agostino, and by Domenichino
graving, to which he devoted more time than and Lanfranco. It represents various myth-
to painting; afterward studied in Parma and
ological subjects illustrative of celestial and

24B
 CARRACCI
terrestrial love, and is varied with many or- S. M. Maggiorc. Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice,
namental figures, some in stucco and some i. 373 Dohme,
; 2iii.

in chiaroscuro. It excited the greatest ad- CARRACCI, LODOVICO, born in Bo-

miration in Rome,and was declared by Pous- logna, April 21,
'

sin to excel all other works except those of 1555, died there,

Raphael Annibale's pictures are more di- JNov. 13, 1619.

versified in style than those of Lodovico and Bolognese school :

Agostino, comprising paintings in the man- son of Vincenzo

ner of several of the great masters. Among Carracci, a butch-
his works are Annunciation, Assumption, er
:
pupil at Bo- ;

Madonna Glory and

in Saints, Madonna with logna of Prospero
Saints, Bologna Gallery Bacchante, Madon- Foutana, who ad-
;

na, Uffizi, Florence Last Supper, Ferrara vised him to give

;

Gallery Rinaldo and Armida, Pieta, Holy up painting, while his brother pupils nick-
;

Family, Bacchante, Naples Museum Pieta, named him from his stupidity the Ox.
;

Palazzo Borghese, Rome St. liwh giving Studied chiefly at Venice under Tintoretto,
;

Alms, Assumption, Ecce Homo, Madonna of who gave him but little more encouragement
St.Matthew, Dresden Gallery; Holy Family, than Fontana. Afterward painted under
Berlin Museum Si Sebastian, Maydalen, Pasignano in Florence, and studied the
;

Diana and Callisto, Resurrection, Entomb- works of the great masters in Venice, Man-
ment, Dead Christ, Apparition of the Madon- tua, Parma, and Padua. By persevering
na, Sleep of Infant Jesus, Madonna of the labour he acquired a correctness and sim-
Cherries, Nativity, Birth of the Virgin, plicity of style which brought him into re-
Louvre Three Marys, Castle Howard, Eng- pute and enabled him to found in Bologna
;

land Christ appearing to Peter, Si John, in 1589 an academy of painting which soon
;

Herminia became the most important school of the

and the '&^V A time in Italy. He called it the Incamminati
S h e p- (Right Road), but it is usually known as the
herds, Si- Eclectic school of Bologna, because the Car-
1 e n u s, racci sought to unite in this system the ex-
Pan and cellences of each of the great masters. His
Apollo, cousins Agostino and Annibalc soon joined
Temptation of St. Anthony, National Gal- him, and the three conducted it until 1(500,
lery, London. Malvasia, i. 263 Wornnm, ; after which Lodovico was its head until his
Epochs, 321 Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 571
; ;
death. The best pupils of this school were
Burckhardt, 769, 783 Gualandi, Guida, 36, ; Domenichino and Guido. Lodovico ex-
44 Dohme, 2iii. Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolo-
; ; celled rather as a teacher than as a painter,
iiaise. but left some excellent works, both in fresco
CARRACCI, FRANCESCO, born Madonna in Glory and
in Bo- and in oil, such as,

logna in 1595, died in Rome, June John Baptist, Preaching

3, 1622. Saints, Birth of St.
Bolognese school. Nephew of Agostino and of St. John Baptist, Christ crowned with
Annibale, and pupil of Lodovico Carracci. Thorns, Madonna with Saints, Calling of St.
Set up a rival academy in Bologna, putting Matthew, Conversion of St. Paul, Transfigu-
over his door, "This is the true School of the ration, Bologna Gallery; Scenes from lives of
Carracci," but not succeeding, went to Rome. SS. Benedict and Cecilia, S. Michele in Bos-
There are a few pictures by him in Bologna, co, Bologna Miracle of the Loaves and ;

such as St. Roch comforted by an Angel, !

Fishes, Berlin Museum ; Pieti, Palazzo Cor-
Oratory of S. Rocco Madonna and Saints,
; sini, Rome; Ecce Homo, Palazzo Doria.

347
 CAKREE
Rome Annunciation, Nativity, Madonna, he aided in the Alcazar and other royal
;

Pieta, Vision of St. Hyacinth, Louvre, Paris; palaces ; painted in Madrid and other
Susannah and the Elders, National Gallery, cities many pictures
London. for churches and
f / -Malva- convents, and, with
Francisco Rizi, the
I f\Sl/} I jl f~st J f* sia,i. 263;
fjC/CtL/ l/LLs&LJ Amorini, cupola of S.Antonio
Vite, etc. de los Portugueses.
Became one of the
court painters of
Baldinuc- Philip IV. (1660),
ci, iii. 302 ; Wornum, Epochs, 319 ;
Burck- and was honoured
in the same way by Charles H.
hardt, 772 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolonaise ;
(1671). His
Dohme, 2iii. ; Seguier, 38 Kugler (East-
;
works show correct design and harmonious
lake), ii. 572. colouring. Painted chiefly portraits and
CAREEE, HENDKIK, the elder, born at religious compositions. Works Portrait :

Amsterdam, Oct. 2, 1656, (1658?), died in Charles II. (2), Queen Mariana, mother of
1721. Dutch school animal and landscape Charles H., three others, Madrid Museum
; ;

painter, pupil of Juriaan Jacobsz and of id., Count Harrach, Vienna Don Juan of ;

Jacob Jordaens. One of his sons, born at The Austria, Sir Wm. Stirling Maxwell, London;
Hague, Sept. 27, 1696, died there in 1775, id., heirs of Infant Sebastian, Pau Magda- ;

and two of his nephews, bore the same name len, Academy S. Fernando, Madrid Mar- ;

and were also painters, either of whom may tyrdom of St. Sebastian, St. Anthony feed-
as well be the author of the following works, ing the Fishes, Our Lady of Atocha, Muse-

painted about 1710 or later Cattle among um Nacioual, Madrid Baptism of Christ,
:
;

Ruins, Cattle and Peasant Woman with and St. Damian, Hermitage, St Petersburg.
Basket, Brunswick Museum. Immerzeel,
i. 129 ; Kramra, i. 221 ; Riegel, Beitrilge, ii. J CANNES ACARRENNO
418.
CARREE, MICHIEL, born at Amsterdam PICTOH REG. ET,G$r
in 1666, died at Alkmaar. Dutch school ; FAC ANNO. 1673
animal and landscape painter pupil of his Stirling, iii. 995 ; ; Viardot, 220 ;
Ch. Blanc,
brother Hendrik C., then of Berchem, but l5cole espagnole ; Curtis, 321 ; Madrazo,
followed the style of Gabriel van der Leeuw 374. ;

resided some time in England, and about CARRIERA, ROSALBA (Rosa Alba),
1698 was invited to Berlin and made painter born in Venice,
to King Frederick I., after whose death he Oct. 7, 1675, died
returned to Holland and lived mostly at there, April 15,
Alkmaar. "Works Mad Bull, Cattle and 1757. :
Venetian
Shepherdess playing Flute, Cattle among school; daughter
Ruins, do. by Cottage, Brunswick Museum. of Andrea Carri-
Gool, i. 125 Hoet, Aanmerkingen, 13. ; era de Costanti-
CARRENO DE MIRANDA, Don JUAN, no, chancellor of
born at Avilez, Asturias, March 25, 1614, the village of
died in Madrid in September, 1685. Of Gambarare.
noble family. Spanish school; pupil of Worked with her
Pedro de las Cuevas, and of Bartolome Ro- mother at making Point de Venise lace un-
man became assistant to Velasquez, whom til it went out of fashion, when she learned
;

248
 CATIRIERE
'

to paint for a livelihood. Studied under apprenticeship to a wine-dealer at Eckern-

Antonio Lazzari, Diamantini, Balestra, and forde, during which he drew and painted in
others, and at the age of twenty-four be- his leisure hours, went to Copenhagen (1776)
came famous for her miniatures and crayon and took a partial course at the Academy,
portraits. In 1703 she became a member studied in the Museum, and supported him-
of the Accademia Clementina, Bologna, and self by painting portraits. In 1783 went to
in 1705 of San Luca, Rome. In company Mantua, but was obliged to return to Lflbcke
with her brother-in-law, Antonio Pellegrini, for want of funds. For five years lived by
she visited Paris in 1720, painted the royal portrait painting, then went to Berlin (1787),
family and many other distinguished per- and in 1790 became professor at the Acad-
sons, and was received into the Academy. emy of Arts. Having a pension from the
All the courts of Europe vied in doing her King, he went to Rome in 1790, exhibited
,

honour and in giving her commissions. She his works there in 1795, and won great ap-
j

excelled in painting pretty women, and one plause. Had many distinguished pupils, such
of her most lovely works is a portrait of as Koch, Schick, Cornelius, etc. and took
!

herself in crayons in the Dresden Gallery, the position of founder of the new German
'

where are also many other of her pictures. school. Works Death of .ffischylus JEo-
j
:
;

Her heads are especially good, but her arms, lus and Ulysses Fall of the Rebel Angels
; ;

hands, and busts are often weak in drawing. Banquet of Plato Battle of Rossbach; ;

Many of her pictures are in Homer Return ;of the Megapeuthes Soc- ;

the Dresden Museum. She rates saving the life of Alcibiades Gany- ;

became blind from overwork mede and the Eagle Battle of Centaurs ;

in 1746. Ch. Blanc, cole and Lapiths CEdipus in Colonus (Edipus

; ;

venitienne Sensier, Journal de Rosalba Car- Tyrannus.

; Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 29 F. ;

riera (Paris, 1865); Seguier, 17C; Wessely, von Alten, Der Maler A. J. C. (Schleswig,
29. 1865); Ch. Blanc, ficole allemande Brock- ;

CARRlfcRE, EUGENE, born atGournay- haus, iv. 21 ;

Fernow-Riegel, Carsten's Le-
sur-Marne (Seine-et-Oise) contemporary. ben und Werke (Hanover, 1867)
; Grimrn, ;

Genre painter pupil of Cabanel.

; Medal, Zehn Essays, 218; Mflller - Schuchardt,
3d class, 1885. Works: Young Mother Carstens' Werke (Leipsic, 1869) Pecht, iii.
]
;

(1879); The Nymph Echo (1880); Kiss of 31 Sach, Carstens' Jugend und Lehrjuhre
;

Innocence (1882); Two Friends, Marguerite (Halle, 1881); Schone, Beitrage z. Lebeus-
(1884); Sick Infant, The Favourite (1885). geschichte ^Leipsic, 1866); Woltmann, Aus
CARSTENS, ASMUS JACOB, born at vier Jahrhdt., 169 Zahn's Jahrbiicher, vi.
;

St. Jiirgen, near 99,208 Zeitschr. f. b. K, x. 54 Zimmer-

; ;

Schleswig, May 10, mann, Studien und Kritiken, ii. 273.

1754, died in Rome, CARTERIUS, punter, about the middle
May 26, 1798. Ger- of 3d century B.C. His portrait of the phi-
man school ; history losopher Porphyrius has preserved his name
painter. I m- from oblivion. Porphyr., Vita Plotiui, i.
pressed by the pic- CARTERON, EUGENE, born in Paris ;

tures of Juriaen contemporary. History, genre, and portrait

Ovens, pupil of Rem- painter pupil of B. Glaize and Leon Glaize.
;

brandt, in the Cathe- Medal, 3d class, 1878. Works: Lazarus

dral of Schleswig, (1877); Prodigal Son (1878); St. Jerome
determined to be- (1879); Creation of Eve (1881); Bone-Setter
come an artist, and tried in vain to study (1882); Journeys of St. Sulpice (1848); The
under Tischbeiu at Cassel. After five years' Two Processions (1885).

249
 CARTHAGE
CARTHAGE, Joseph M. W. Turner, Aug. 20, 1648 (1771); two Landscapes with
National Gallery, London ; canvas, H. 4 ft. Animals, Louvre Battle, Vienna Museum ;
;

11 in. X 7 ft. 5 in. A river scene,

with piles Turkish Cavalry Marching, Battle, Nantes
of rich architecture on each side. Royal Museum Military Halt, Skirmish, Rouen ;

Academy, 1828. Painted for Mr. Broad- Museum Starting for the Hunt, The Walk, ;

hurst. TheHunt,
CARTHAGE, DECLINE OF, Joseph M. Halt dur-
W. Turner, National Gallery canvas, H. 5 ;

ft. 7 in. X 7 ft. 11 in. A scene of architect-

ural magnificence on each side with an out-
look upon the sea in centre and the sun set-
ting in a sombre red gloom at left, the ;
Battle of

hostages departing for the Roman camp. Lens, Battle of Fribourg, Lyons Museum.
Royal Academy, 1817. Engraved by J. B. Villot, Cat. Louvre Ch. Blanc, tfcole fran- ;

Allen in Turner Gallery. gaise Larousse, iii. 485 Lejeune, Guide, ; ; i.

CARTHAGE, RISE OF, See Dido build- 424 Wurzbach, ii. 301. ;

ing Carthage. CASELLI (Casoli, CasteUi), CRISTOFO-

CARUCCI, JACOPO. See Pontormo. RO, of Parma (1489-1507). Lombard
CASADO DEL ALISAL, Don JOS 6; school. Sometimes called also Cristoforo
born in Valencia, contemporary. History da Parma and II Temperello. Journeyman
and genre painter pupil of Academy of at Venice in 1489-92, with the Bellini
; ;

Madrid, where he won the prize of Rome painted there in 1495 the Madonna and
in 1860, and three 1st class medals. He is Saints, in the sacristy of S. M. della Salute.
court painter and director of the Spanish In 1496 he was a master in Parina, where
Academy in Rome. Order of Isabella the he painted (1499) the Madonna and Saints
Catholic. Works Death of Ferdinand IV. now in the Sala del Consorzio, which ex-
:
;

Bernardo del Carpio Semiramis Goya's hibits much of the grace of Cima. Other
; ;

Studio, J. Brooklyn Zaida, S. works of his are Madonna and Saints,

T. Martin, ;
:

A. Coale, Louis Beheaded Arabs Parma Gallery; God the Father, in the
St. ; ;

Odalisque in Harem Flora (1881); Legend Duomo, Parma, and Adoration of the Magi,
;

of King Ramiro, the Monk (1881), National in S. Giovanni, Parma. C. & C., N. Italy, i.
Museum, Madrid; In the Boudoir (1882); 587 Burckhardt, 588, 603 Vasari, ed. ; ;

Temptation (1884); Laura (1885). La Mil., vi. 485.

Ilustracion (1879), i. 36G ; (1881), ii. 387 ;
CASENTINO. See Jacopo da Casentino.
(1882), i. 83, 347 ; (1884), ii. 315 ; (1885), CASILE, ALFRED, born in Marseilles;
i.131. contemporary. Landscape painter. Med-
CASANOVA, FRANCESCO, born in al, 3d class, 1885. Works : Cliff in Nor-
London in 1727, died at Briihl, near Vi- mandy (1879); By the Cliffs (1880); Quaran-
enna, July 1805. Landscape and bat- tine Grounds at Marseilles (1881); Field of
8,
tle painter taken to Venice at the age of Mars after the Exposition (1882); Quay on
;

six and taught by Guardi and Simouiui. the Rhone After the Rain (1884);
(1883) ;

Visited Paris in 1751, and returned there View of Paris

(1885).
after passing four years at Dresden. Became
CASILEAR, JOHN W., born in New
member Academy in 17C3, and was York, June 25, 1811. Landscape painter
of the ;

employed by Catherine II. of Russia to studied in

Europe in 1840 and in 1857.
paint her victories over the Turks. Finally Elected an AN.A. in 1835, and N.A. in
settled at Vienna. Works Battle of Fri- 1851. Studio in New York. Works Swiss
:
:

bourg, Aug. 3, 1G44 (1771), Battle of Lens, Lake (1868) ; Genesee Meadows (1871) ;

960
 CASSANDRA
September Afternoon (1874); Trout Brook represented them. Andrea was employed in
(1875) Autumn (1870) Scene in New
; ; 1444, aud 1455 in the Cathedral,
144(3,

Hampshire (1877) View on Sbemung

; Florence, and in 1451 in the hospital of
liiver (1878) View of the Rocky Mount-
;
S. M. Nuova, where he painted various

ains (1881); Scene on Long Island (1883); works, a St. Andrew, a Last Supper, and a
Catskill Twilight. series of frescos in the church choir illus-

CASSANDRA, ancient picture. See Polyy- trating the and death of the Madonna,
life

nolus, Theodora*. all now destroyed. Vasari accuses Andrea

CASSIOLI, AMOS, born in Siena, Italy, of having murdered Domenico Veneziano,
in 1838. History painter, pupil of L. Mus- out of jealousy of the superior talent shown
won by the latter when they worked together at
'

siui ;
at Florence, iu 18G8, first prize in
historical painting, for his picture of Lorenzo S. M. Nuova but his innocence is fully es-
;

de' Medici showing his Art Collection to tablished by the certainty that Domenico
Galeazzo Sforza. Professor at Florence survived him four years. Among the works
Academy. Works
Battle of Legnano,
: of Andrea are the picture of Niccolo da
Florence Gallery Bianca Capello Studio of
; ;
Toleutiuo on horseback (145G), Duomo,
Leonardo da Vinci, Provenzano Solvani re- Florence Crucifixion (fresco), Loggia of
;

ceiving Gifts for Ransom of a Prisoner, Pa- Hospital adjoining S. M. Nuova St. John ;

lazzo pubblico, Siena. Mdller, 97. and St. Francis, S. Croce, Florence ;
Por-
CASTAGNO, ANDREA DEL, born at trait, Pitti Altarpiece, also SS. Jerome aud ;

Mugello, near Florence, in 1390, died in John and the Magdalen, Academy, Florence ;

Florence, Aug. 19, 1457. Florentine school Last Supper, Refectory of S. Apollonia,
;

son of a labourer, Bartolommeo di Simone Florence Frescos for the Villa Carducci,
; ;

was observed drawing cattle on flat stones Uffizi, Florence. Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 667 ;

by Bernardetto de' Medici, who, struck with C. & C., Italy, ii. 302 Burckhardt, 535 ; ;

his talent, took him to Florence and gave Meyer, Kunst. Lex., i. 693 Lubke, Gesch. ;

him opportunity for study. Baldinucci con- ital. Mai, i. 279.

jectures that he was apprenticed to Masac- CASTAN, GUSTAVE, born in Geneva

cio, but he was more probably taught in the iu 1823.
Landscape painter, pupil of
school which produced Uccello and Pesel- i Alex. Calame paints attractive landscapes
;

lino. He was an intense realist, full of of brilliant execution. Works : Souvenir

energy and truth to common nature, but a of Franche-Comte, Storm in Winter, Lille
hard and inharmonious colourist. The two Museum ; Forest in Winter, Langres Mu-
Crucifixions in the monastery of the Angeli, seum
View near Lancy Banks of the
; ;

Florence, which were pointed out as among Creuse Entrance to Forest in Autumn
; ;

his earlier works, are vulgar in type, Easter iu Winter Torrent in the Alps ; ;

hard in line and drapery, and without feel- Lake Lucerne Wood-Interior iu Autumn ;

ing. Better are the colossal portraits of (1879). Miiller, 97 Larousse. ;

Heroes and Sibyls which he painted for a CASTELLANO, Don MANUEL, born in
hall in the Villa Paudolfini at Leguaja, now Spain
contemporary. History and genre
;

transferred to canvas and in the Uffizi.

In painter. His Death of ViUamediaua (1871),
1435, Andrea was commissioned by the Museum Fine Arts, Madrid, was awarded a
Florentine government to paint upon the medal at Philadelphia Exposition, 1876.
walls of the Palace of the Podestk the Peruz- CASTELLO (Castelli), BERNARDO, born
zi and the Albizzi, who were declared rebels at Albaro, near Genoa, 1557, died in Genoa,
after the return of Cosmo de' Medici. From
Oct., 1629. Genoese school pupil of ;

thishe derived his surname of Andrea degli Andrea Serniui and of Luca Cambiaso ;

Impiccati (of the Hanged), he having KO travelled through Italy, and formed a grace-

251
 CASTELLO
ful and correct style. Was the friend of a Dutch Fortress by Spaniards, and Disem-
Tusso, for whose Gerusalemme he made the barkation of Don Fadrique de Toledo at S.
designs engraved Salvador, Madrid Museum. Cean Bermu-
in part by Agos- dez ; Quilliet ; Madrazo, 378.
tino Carracci, and CASTELLO, GIAMBATTISTA.
See
was eulogized by Beryamasco.
him. In 1G04 he CASTELLO, NICOLAS GRANELO,
was called to died in Madrid in 1593. Spanish school ;

Rome and paint- son and pupil of Giambattista Castello (II

ed for St. Peter's Bergamasco). Named painter to Philip II.
the Calling of St. in 1571 executed in 1584, with Taboron
;

Peter, for which and Cambiaso, in the Escorial, a fresco of

a picture by Lanfranco was afterward sub- the Battle of St. Quentin, and in 1587, with
stituted. His works are mostly in the Taboron, the Battle of Higuernela also ;

churches of Genoa and its neighbourhood. painted other frescos in ducal palace at
Had three Alba de Tomus. Stirling, i. 192 Cean ;

sons, Giovan- Bermudez.

ni Maria, Ber- CASTELLO, VALERIO, bom in Genoa
nardino, and in 1G25, died there in 1659. Genoese
Valerio, all school ; son of Bernardo Castello ; pupil of
painters. Soprani, 115; Lanzi, iii. 250; Ch. Gio. Andrea de' Ferrari and of II Sarzana ;

Blanc, Ecole genoise. studied works of masters in Milan and

CASTELLO, CASTELLINO, born in Parma. Formed an excellent style of his
Genoa in 1579, died in Turin in 1G49. own ; painted in both oil and fresco, but
Genoese school ; pupil of Gio. Battista excelled in latter. Subjects chiefly relig-
Paggi. Painted many pictures for churches ious, but painted also battles. Works in
in Genoa and elsewhere, but most noted for churches and palaces in Genoa. His Rape
his portraits. When Van Dyck visited of the Sabines is in the Palazzo Brignole-
Genoa, he and Castello reciprocally painted Sale, Genoa; a smaller example, somewhat
each other's portraits. In 1647 he was ap- varied, in the Uffizi. Lanzi, iii.
259 Ch. ;

pointed portrait painter to the court of Sa- Blanc, Ecole genoise.

voy, and removed to Turin. His son Nic- CASTIGLIONE, BALDASSARE, Count,
colft, who was living in 1GG8, inherited his portrait, llapJiad, Louvre ; wood transferred
ability. Lanzi, iii. 262 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole to canvas, H. 2 ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. 2 in. Half-
gonoise ;
Soprani, 125. length, three-quarters, turned to left, with
CASTELLO, FABRICIO, died in Madrid beard and moustaches ;
in black vest and
in 1G17. Spanish school ;
son of Giambat- cap and gray doublet. Painted in Rome
tista Castello (IIBergamasco) and pupil of about 1516 ; passed from Collection of Duke
his elder brother, Nicolas Granelo Castello. of Mantua to Charles I. of England, after
Painted frescos in the Escorial and the whose death bought by Lopez of Amster-
Pardo, and became painter to Philip JL in dam. Copied at this time by Rubens ;

1584, and also to Philip HL Stirling, Rembrandt also made a sketch of it, now in
i. 192 Cean Bermudez.
; Albertiue Collection, Vienna, and R. Persyn
CASTELLO, FELIX, born in Madrid in engraved it. Passed to Cardinal Mazarin,
1G02, died there in 1656. Spanish school from whose heirs bought for Louis XTV.
;

pupil of his father Fabricio Castello and of Another portrait by Raphael, bust, painted
Vincenzo Carducho painted historical com- in 1519, probably that in Torlonia Gallery,
;

positions and portraits. Works Capture of Rome.: Louvre picture engraved by J.

S52
 CASTIGLIOXE
Godefroy ; Nic. Larmessin ;
Bautrois ;
Sen- CASTIGLIONE, GIUSEPPE, born in
ter ;
Nic. Edelinck. Villot, Louvre ; Filhol, Naples contemporary.
;
Genre and portrait
v. PL 359 ; Miintz, 534 ; Springer, 253, painter. Lives in Paris. Works: Visiting
509 ;
Cab. Crozat, i. PL 13. the Cardinal Uncle, The Warrants, Phila-
CASTIGLIONE, GIOVANNI BENE- delphia Exposition, 187G Terrace of Pa- ;

DETTO, born lazzo Reale at Naples, Duel without Wit-

in Genoa in nesses (1877) ; Paroquet's Lesson (1878) ;
1616, died in Plucking the Rose, W. H. Fosdick, Louis-
Mantua in 1670. ville ; Prospect, W. B. Bement, Philadelphia ;

Genoese school. Soldiers of Cromwell in Haddon Hall, Visit-

Called, on ac- ing the Cardinal Uncle, Paris Exposition,
count of the 1878.
beauty of his CASTILLO, AUGUSTIN DEL, born in

colouring, II Seville in 1565, died in Cordova in 1626.

Grechetto (Lit- Spanish school pupil of
;
Luis Fernandez ;

tle Greek) ;
and painted in fresco and oil, chiefly in Cordova.
in France II Works Adoration of the Magi, Cathedral, :

Benedetto. Pupil of Gio. Battista Paggi Cadiz Conception, Cathedral, Cordova. ;

and of Gio. Andrea de' Ferrari. Soprani Stirling, i. 460 Viardot, 185 Ch. Blanc, ; ;

says he also had lessons of Van Dyck, but as ficole espagnole.

he was only nine years old when that painter CASTILLO, JUAN DEL, born in Seville
left Genoa it is probable that he merely in 1584, died in Cadiz in 1640. Spanish
studied his works. Castiglione painted in school younger brother of Augustin del ;

Florence, Borne, Venice, Naples, Bologna, Castillo pupil of Luis Fernandez. Chiefly ;

and Mantua, in which city he entered the noted as the master of Moya, of Alonso Ca-
service of Duke Charles I. about 1654. He no, and of Murillo. Works Marriage of the :

soon won a great reputation, and received Virgin, Nativity, Assumption, Visitation, An-
orders even from France, England, and Ger- nunciation, Seville Museum. Stirling, i.
many. Though he painted large histori- 460 Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Viardot, ; ;

cal works, he is best known by his cabinet 186.

pictures, especially landscapes and pastoral CASTILLO Y SAAVEDRA, ANTONIO

pieces, in which he frequently introduced in Cordova in 1603, died there DEL, born
animals. Ho
about seventy etchings. in 1667. Spanish school son and pupil of
left ;

His brother Salvatore and his sou Francesco Augustin del Castillo, after whose death he
were his pupils and imitators. Among his studied in Seville under Zurbaran. Became
best examples are Nativity, S. Luca, Genoa : a popular portrait painter in Cordova also ; ;

Madonna with Saints showing true effigy of executed some religious compositions, good
St. Domenic to a monk of his order, S. M. in
design but faulty in colouring. Vigorous
di Castello Christ on the Cross and St. Ber- style, with effects worthy of Caravaggio,
;

nard, S. Martino, Genoa Abra- Said to have died of despair on seeing Mu-
;

ham and Melchisedec, Adoration, rillo's pictures in Seville. Works Adora- :

Expulsion from the Temple, Car- tion of Shepherds, Madrid Museum others ;

avan, Bacchantes and Satyrs, in churches and convents of Cordova, the

Birds and Animals, Louvre, Par- best at the Cathedral and in convents of St.
is Noah entering the Ark, Dresden Gallery, Francis and St. Paul Visitation, Hermitage,
; ;

Munich Gallery, and Uffizi, Florence. Bal- St. Petersburg. Stirling, ii. 807 Viardot, ;

dinucci, v. 206; Soprani, 223; Lanzi, iii. 273; 187 Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Curtis, ; ;

Seguier, 41 Ch. Blanc, Ecole genoise.

; 345 Madrazo, 381. ;
 CASTOR
CASTOR AND POLLUX, llubens, Mu- Alpine scenery, and to Rome in 1812, where
nich Gallery canvas, H. 7 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. 10 his talent developed through intercourse
;

in. Castor and Pollux carrying off Hilseira with Koch, Overbeck, Schadovv, and Corne-
and Phoebe, daughters of Leucippus. One lius. With the exception of occasional home
of them, mounted on a noble horse, the visits, he remained in Italy, and from 1830
reins of which are held by Cupid, is lifting lived at his country seat near Macerata.
His landscapes with architectural accessories
are broadly treated, and effective in chiaros-
curo. Works Colonnade of St. Peter's by
:

Moonlight Storm on Etna Monastery near

; ;

Salerno Interior of Pantheon

; The Via ;

Appia View from Cloister at Amalfi Gon-

; ;

dolas on the Lagoon View of Rome Crater ; ;

of Vesuvius Ruins of Psestum Villa of

; ;

Maecenas at Tivoli. Other pictures in Ber-

lin, Munich, and Copenhagen Galleries.

Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 70 ; Riegel, 533.

CATENA, VINCENZO, born at Treviso
about 1465, died in Venice, 1531. Venetian
school real name, Vinceiizo di Biagio ;
;

known in 1495, when a journeyman in the

Sala del Gran
Consiglio, Venice, as Viucen-
zo da Treviso. A pupil of the Bellini, he
copied Giovanni Bellini, without approach-
Castor and Pollux, Rubens, Munich Gallery.
ing him in drawing, boldness of treatment,
up one of the women, aided by his brother, or richness of colouring but he was a ;

who is holding the other one upon his knee. painter of great industry and considerable
Engraved by Val. Green. Smith, ii. 03. reputation, and made friends among the
CASUAL WARD, Luke Fildes, Holloway wealthy. Among his earlier pictures are a
Institute,Egham, near London. A group Presentation of Christ to Simeon, Commu-
of wretched and deformed creatures waiting nal Gallery, Padua a Madonna and Saints, ;

for admission to a resting place for the Liverpool Institution and a Trinity, S. ;

night. Wonderfully realistic. Royal Acad- Simeone, Venice. His skill increased with
emy, 1874 Philadelphia Exposition, 1876 the opening of the 10th century, as is shown
; ;

Paris Exposition, 1878 sold to Thos. Tay- in his Madonna and Doge Loredano, Palazzo
;

lor, of Wigan Taylor sale (1883), 2,205.

; Ducale, Venice. His portrait of Loredano,
Art Journal (1874), 201 Portfolio, May, Lochis-Carrara Gallery, Bergamo, is as-
;

1878. signed to Gentile Bellini, and the copy at

CATEL, FRANZ LUDWIG, born in Ber- Dresden to Giov. Bellini. In 1520 Catena
lin,Feb. 22, 1778, died in Rome, Dec. 19, finished the Glorification of St. Christina, in
1850. German school landscape painter.
;

Beginning as wood-carver and illustrator of

books, he practised water-colour, and in
1806 painted the assassination of Nicholas
von Bernau, for which he was elected mem-
ber of the Berlin Academy. Went to Paris S. M. Mater Domini, Venice. Other pict-
in 1807, where he commenced oil Madonna and Saints,
painting, ures by him are :

to Switzerland in 1811, where he studied Dresden

Gallery Circumcision, Leuchten-
;
 CATHERINE
the curtains of the canopy. Painted for S.
berg Collection, St. Petersburg Glory of ; i

St. Francis, S. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice ; Marco, Florence presented in 1512 to

;

and several in the Venice Academy. Jacques Hurault, Bishop of Autun, ambas-
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 247; Ch. Blanc, sador of Louis XII. to Florentine Republic ;

Ficole venitienne Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. G28 ; long in sacristy of Cathedral of Autun ;
re-

Burckhardt, 601 Lubke, Gesch. ital. Mai., |

moved in 1801 to Musee Napoleon ;
be-
i. 549. I

longed to collection of Francis I. Landon,

CATHERINE, ST., Raphael, National
Gallery, London ; wood, H. 2 ft. 4 in. x1 ft.

9 in. St. Catherine of Alexandria, stand-

ing, leaning upon the wheel, one hand on
her heart, her eyes raised heavenward,
whence rays of light proceed background,
;

a landscape with hills and a lake. Painted

in Florence in 1507. In the Aldobrandiui
and Borghese collections ; bought from lat-
ter, end of last century, by Mr. Day, who
sold it to Lord North wick for i'2,000 ;

bought from Beckford for National Gallery

iii 1839. Surface injured by cleaning. Copy
in Trubetzkoy Collection, St. Petersburg.
Studies in the Louvre and at Chatsworth.
Eugraved by Marc Antonio A. B. Desnoy- ;

ers; Leroux. Raphael, i. 340;

C. & C.,

Gruyer, Vierges de Raphael, iii. 579; Pas-

savant, ii. 56 Mttutz, 229 Richter, 55.

; ;

By Gitido Reni, Turin Gallery ; canvas,

Marriage of St. Catherine, Fra Bartolommeo, Louvre.
H. 3 ft. x2 6
Catherine, seated,
ft. in. St.

seen to knees, with a lamb iu her lap and a Mus6e, 2d Col., iii. PI. 5G Villot, Louvre ; ;

palm in her hand. Engraved by D. Testi. c. & C., Italy, iii. 451 Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. ;

Gal. di Torino, iii. PI. 86. 184.

CATHERINE, ST., IN ECSTACY, Ales.
By Boccaccio Boccaccino, Venice Acad-
Tiarini, Bologna Gallery ; canvas, H. 7 ft. x e my ; wood, H. 2 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. 7 in. ;

4 ft. Catherine of Siena, support- signed. The Virgin sitting, holding Jesus,
7 in. St.

cd by two angels, about to kneel before a wno gives the ring to kneeling St. Gather- \

crucifix. Formerly in church of the con- in e St. Rose, standing SS. Peter and 1
; ;

vent of S. M. Maddalena. Engraved by N. John Baptist kneeling. C. fe C., N. Italy,

Mellini A. Marchi. Pinac. di Bologna, PL ii. 445.
;

27. By Correygio, Capitol Museum, Rome.

CATHERINE, ST., MARRIAGE
OF, Fra The Virgin, with Jesus on her knees, seated
Jlartulommeo, Louvre wood, H. 8 ft 5 in. under a tree in a landscape at right, St.
;
;

X 7 ft. Gin.; signed, dated 1511. The Vir- Catherine, kneeling, with a palm in her
gin, enthroned, attended by SS. Peter, hand, is receiving the ring from the child ;

Bartholomew, Vincent, and others, holding a t her feet is part of the wheel and a sword,
palms, presides at the mystic marriage of Replica in Naples. Righetti, Campidoglio,
Jesus with St. Catherine, who kneels before jj. pi. 273.
her ; behind her, to right, SS. Francis and By Correggio, Louvre ; wood, H. 3 ft. 5
Dominic embracing ; above, angels sustain i u x3
. ft. 4 in. St. Catherine receives a

968
 CATHERINE
ring from Jesus, who is seated on knees of right hand to receive the ring, while her
behind her is St. Sebastian with left, holding a palm branch, rests on a
Virgin ;

arrows ;
in background the martyrdom of broken wheel. The beauty of the Virgin
the two saints. Painted, it is said, on the gave this picture the title of La plus belle
occasion of the marriage of the painter's des Vierges. Formerly in Collection of
sister, Caterina Allegri, in 1519.
In posses- Chevalier de Burtin, at Brussels, at whose
sion of Dr. F. Grillenzoni, Modena, in 1530- decease taken to England in 1820 and sold
35 ;
thence to Cardinal Luiji d'Este to king for 2,500 guineas. Engraved by
passed
and later to Countess Santa Fiora, and to Lommelin. Smith, iii. 69.

Cardinal Fr. Sforza di S. Fiora, Home ; By Lorenzo Lotto, Lochis-Carrara Gallery,

in
1650 belonged to Cardinal Barberini, who Bergamo canvas, figures under life size
; ;

took it to France and gave it to Cardinal signed, dated 1523. St. Catherine kneels
before the Virgin, and Jesus presses forward
to give her the ring an angel stands with ;

folded arms at left Nicolo de Bonghi sits

;

attentive. Landscape seen through an open-

ing on right cut out and stolen its place ;

now filled by a piece of dark canvas. Prob-

ably painted for Zaniu Casotto of Bergamo.
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 513 BidoM, Mara- ;

viglie, i.186 Rio, iii. 289.

;

By Bernardino Luini, Poldo-Pezzoli Mu-

seum, Milan. The
Virgin, standing, sup-
ports the infant Jesus, who, sitting upon a
cushion placed upon a table, places the
ring upon the finger ofSt. Catherine stand- ;

ing at Art Journal (1884), 23.

left.

By Hans Memling, Hospital of St. John,

Bruges triptych. The Virgin, enthroned
;

under a portico, with angels above about to

Marriage of St. Catherine, Correggio, Louvre, crown her, holds the infant Jesus, who
bends to give a ring to St. Catherine kneel-
Mazarin valued in his inventory at 15,000
; ing ; at right and left, the Baptist, Evange-
livres and sold by his heirs to Louis XIV.
; list, and St.
Barbara, standing an angel ;

Eeplicas, with variations, in Louvre, Naples plays an organ, another holds a missal be- ;

Museum, and Hermitage. Engraved by hind St. Catherine, a monk of St. Augustine,
Picart Massard Capitelli
; Duthe Folo ; ; ; ;
and further back another monk with a
H. Dupont (1867). Meyer, Correggio, 322, gauge for wine and spirits in background, ;

484 Kiiust. Lex., i. 432 Musee Royal, i.

; ; episodes in life of St. John. On right wing,
Pt. 1 ; Landon, viii. PL 20 ; Villot, Louvre ;
Salome receives the Baptist's head and
Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 116, vi. 471 ; Filhol, vii. dances before Herod ;
on left, Vision of St.
PI.439 Kugler (Eastlake), ii.
; 502. John Evangelist. Copy, owned by Mrs.
By Anton van Dijck, Buckingham Pal- Davenport, exhibited at Royal Academy,
ace canvas, H. 3 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 10 in. The
;
London, 1884. C. & C., Flemish Painters,
Virgin seated at right, with infant Saviour 251 Art Journal (1884), 60.
;

on her knee, holds in her right hand a By Murillo, Capuchin Church, Cadiz ;

wreath of flowers to crown St. Catherine, canvas, H. 13 ft. 9 in. x 10 ft. 8 in. The
who, bowing in adoration, extends her Virgin, seated on a platform in front of two
 CATHERINE
columns on on her lap the In- of the works of Rubens. Engraved by Sny-
right, holds
fant Jesus, who
about to place a ring on ers Eynhouedts. Smith, ii. 24 Beechey,
is ; ;

the finger of St. Catherine kneeling; be- Reynolds, ii 173.

hind the Virgin, three angels behind St. By Rubens, Duke of Rutland, Belvoir
;

Catherine, two angels in front, three cher-

;
Castle canvas, H. 8 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft. The ;

ubs, and a sword and broken wheel above, Virgin seated, holding ; Jesus, who bends
angels and cherubs in a glory. Painted forward to place a crown on the head of
iii 1682, the last work of Murillo while St. Catherine, who is kneeling behind her
; ;

working upon it he stumbled on the scaffold stands St. Agnes, and opposite are St. Chris-
and died from the effects of the fall. This tina and St. Margaret four angels, one ;

picture, one of the richest and most grace- with a thunderbolt, the others with crowns
ful of Murillo's compositions, is the centre and palms. Sold in 1766 by the Order of
of an immense altarpiece (20 x 24 ft. ) which St. Augustiues, Mechlin, to Chevalier Ver-
fills the arch at the end of the convent hulst, for 9500 florins at his sale, 12,705 ;

church. After Murillo's death, part of the florins. Engraved by P. de Jode Alex. ;

glory was finished by Meneses Osorio, who Voet Smith, ii. 47 ix. 256. ;

also painted the four lateral pictures, prob- By Pellegrino Tibalili, Bologna Gallery ;

ably after Murillo's designs. Etched by E. wood, H. 6 ft. 8 in. x4 ft. 5. in. The Vir-
St. Raymond. Curtis, 221 gin seated, holding the Child, who gives
; Palomino, iii.

421 ; Ponz, Viage, the ring to St. Catherine at right, St. Jo-
xviii. 20. ;

By Murillo, Vatican, Rome; canvas, H. 3 seph background of architecture. For- ;

ft. 6 in. x 4 ft. 4 in. The Virgin, seated on merly in church of the Misericordia, Bo-
right, holds Jesus on her lap he places logna. Engraved by Ant. Marchi. Pinac.
;

the ring on the finger of St. Catherine, who di Bologna, PL 22.

bends reverently forward to receive it. Pre- By Paolo Veronese, S. Caterina, Venice.
sented in 1855 by ex-Queen Christina of The Virgin enthroned at left, with Jesus on
Spain to Pius IX. Curtis, 222. her knees, surrounded by many angels
By Andrea Previtali, sacristy of S. Giobbe, singing and playing musical instruments ;

Venice wood, ;
St. Catherine kneeling to receive the ring
figures half length, a little ;

more than half life-size. The Virgin seated about, at right, a glory of angels and of
;

Jesus, on her lap, holds out the ring to St. cherubim. Painted in 1572. Engraved
Catherine on other side the Baptist. Com- by Agos. Carracci (1582). Zanotto, 313
; ;

monly attributed to Giov. Bellini. Replica, Bartsch, xviii. 90.

signed and dated 1504, in Collection of Subject treated also by Giuliano Bugiar-
Sir Charles Eastlake, London. Zanotto, dini, Bologna Gallery ;
Alessandro Tiarini,
Pinac. Ven., PL 25 ; C. & C., N. Italy, i. Bologna Gallery ;
Ludovico Cigoli, Her-
275 ; Waagen, Treasures, ii. 265.
mitage, St. Petersburg Domenico Feti, ;

By Rubens, Ch. of Augustins, Antwerp Vienna Museum Giulio Cesare Procaccini, ; ;

canvas, H. 15 ft. x 11 ft. The Virgin en- Hermitage, St. Petersburg Titian, Palazzo ;

throned, holding infant Saviour, who is Pitti, Florence ;Guercino, Galleria Estense,
bending forward to place the ring on the Modena ;
Andrea del Sarto, Dresden Gal-
finger of St. Catherine behind the Virgin, ; lery Lorenzo Lotto, Munich Gallery Par-
; ;

St. Joseph on her right, SS. Peter and

; migianino, Parma Gallery Michael Wohl- ;

Paul on her left, St. John with two angels

; gemuth, Munich Gallery Jakob Jordaeus, ;

and the lamb below, SS. Sebastian, Au- Madrid Museum

; Ambrogio Borgognone, ;

gustine, Lawrence, Paul the Hermit, and National Gallery, London.

George, the last in armour. Sir J. Rey- CATHERINE, ST., OF, MARTYRDOM
nolds calls it one of the most considerable Guercino, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. The

887
 CATHERINE
Saint, dressed in a yellow tunic and a rich Martelli, Florence. Gal. du Pal. Pitti, i. PI.
red mantle lined with blue, kneels before 73 Rosini, vi. 168. ;

the executioner, who wears a red cap and CATLIN, GEORGE, born at Wilkesbarre,
holds a drawn sword to left, the wheel in Pa., July 26, 1796, died in Jersey City, N. J.,
; ;

the sky, an angel with palm and crown in Dec. 23, 1872. Portrait painter, self-taught
; ;

began his professional life in

Philadelphia. In 1832-38 he
visited the Indians of the
Yellowstone River, Indian
Territory, Arkansas, and
Florida; and in 1852-57
travelled in South and Cen-
tral America, after which he
lived in Europe until 1871.
Mr. Catlin painted 470 full-

length portraits of Indians

and many pictures illustra-
tive of their life and customs
which were exhibited in the
United States and in Europe.
They are now in the Nation-
alMuseum, Washington.
CATO, DEATH OF,
Charles Lebrun, Louvre,
Conspiracy of Cataline, Salvator Rosa, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
Paris canvas, H. 3 ft. 2 in.
;

background, a landscape with bridge and x4

Cato dying on his bed, holding ft. 4 in.
tower. in his right hand the Phaxlo of Plato, which
CATHERINE OF SIENA, ST., CORO- he had read before stabbing himself with
NATION OF, Pietro Francesco liixsolo, Ven- the sword lying beside him in background, ;

ice Academy wood (?), H. 12 ft. x 8 ft. 3

;

in.; signed. St. Catherine kneels before

Christ, who places the crown of thorns on
her head ;
in attendance are angel Raphael
and Tobit, Mary Magdalen, and SS. Peter,
James, and Paul above, the Eternal and ;

cherubs. Originally in S. Pietro Martire,

Murano. Bissolo's masterpiece as a compo-
sition, but repainted. Zanotto, Pinac. Ven.,
PI. 10 ; C. & C., N. Italy, i. 289.
CATILINE, CONSPIRACY OF, Salvator
Rosa, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ; canvas, H. 5
ft. x 5 ft. 11 in. A group of armed men
standing around an altar Lentulus and ;

Cethegus, with hands clasped, are mingling Death of Cato, Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris.

their blood in a chalice, to strengthen their

oaths the figure in shadow, with a band
; the heads of a man weeping andof a sol-
around his hair, is Catiline, near whom dier. (Plutarch.) Painted at Lyons about
stands Quintus Curtius. Duplicate in Casa 1645. !

Landon, Musee, xi. PI. 22.

 CAT'S

CAT'S PAW, Sir Edwin Landseer, Earl exhibited an oil picture, A Terrible Secret,
of Essex, Cassiobury ;
wood. A monkey has at the Royal Academy. Charles Cattermole,
grasped a cat, and notwithstanding her his nephew, paints in both oil and water-
struggles using her paw to remove some colours.
is Redgrave Art Journal (1857), ;

roasting chestnuts from the top of a hot 209 (1868), 180 (1870), 92. ; ;

stove in background, a table with a kitten

; CAUCIG, FRANZ, born in Goritz, Dec. 3,
upon it beside a basket, out of which another 1762, died in Vienna, Nov. 18, 1828. German
in Vi-
frightened kitten is peeping. British Insti- school history painter. First taught ;

tution,1824 sold for 100 and bought a enna, then spent seven years in Italy, where
;

few days afterward by Earl of Essex for he studied the Carracci in Bologna and in
120. Engraved by C. G. Lewis. Stephens, Rome. Revisited Italy in 1791, and remained
52 Landseer Gallery.
;
six years, studying especially Titian in Ven-

CATTANIO, COSTANZO, born in Ferra- ice. In 1799 he was appointed professor and
ra in 1602, died in Rome in 1665. Lombard in 1820 director at the Vienna Academy. His
school pupil of Guido was a bravo, often subjects, taken principally from Greek my-
; ;

in exile or in defiance of the authorities, and thology and the Old Testament, are aca-
his pictures frequently bear marks of his demic in treatment, and though good in
character. He painted soldiers and ruffians, drawing are weak in colour. Works Solo- :

but some of his works are more in keeping mon's Judgment, Museum, Vienna others ;

with the style of his master. Among the at the Academy and in Liechtenstein, Schon-
latter are a St. Anthony in the church of born, and Czernin Galleries, ib. Sappho, ;

Corlo, and a Last Supper in the refectory of Prague Gallery Death of Portia, Orpheus ;

S. Silvestro, Ferrara. Lanzi, iii. 220 ; Ch. at Eurydice's Tomb, Joanneum, Gratz.
Blanc, ficole ferraraise. Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 75 Wurzbach,
;
ii.

CATTERMOLE, GEORGE, born at 312.

Dickleburgh, near Diss, England, Aug. 8, CAULITZ, PETER, born in Berlin about
1800, died at Clapham Common, July 24, 1650, died there in 1719. German school ;

1868. History painter, water-colours ; landscape and animal painter studied in ;

studied architecture and became early a Rome painted chiefly Italian landscapes
;

book illustrator, in which he exhibited much and animal pieces, in the Dutch style.
and architectural skill. About Works Chicken Yard, Berlin
archaeological : Museum Two ;

1830 he began to paint in water-colours, be-

came a member of the Society of Painters
in Water Colours, and contributed to their
exhibitions until 1850, when he withdrew.
He was awarded one of the two first class Landscapes with Temple Ruins, and Bridge,
medals (the other, Landseer) at Paris in Brunswick Museum ; others at the Royal
1855, and was a member of the Royal Acad- Castles in Berlin and Potsdam. Allgem. d.

emy of Amsterdam and of the Belgian So- Biogr., iv. 76.

ciety of Water Colour Painters. Works CAUSIERS. See Comers. :

SirWalter Raleigh witnessing the Execution CAVAZZOLA, or CAVAZZUOLA. See

of Essex, Old English Hospitality (1839) Morando, Paolo. ;

The Castle Chapel (1840); Hamilton of Both- CAVEDONE, GIACOMO, born at Sassu-
wel Haugh preparing to shoot the Regent olo in April, 1577, died in Bologna in 16CO.
Murray, After the Battle of Newbury (1843); Bolognese school ; son of a poor apothecary,
Visit to the Monastery, Benvenuto Cellini became page to an art amateur, who placed

defending the Castle of St. Angelo (1845); him in the school of the Carracci, and after-
The Unwelcome Return (1846). In 18G2 he ward in that of Passarotti. Studied in

259
 CAXES
Venice the works of Titian, and acquired a Paris in 1676, died there, June 25, 1754.
style of colouring in advance of most of his French school history painter, pupil of ;

school. Painted in Bologna, for churches, Rene Antoine Houasse and of Bon Boul-
works considered almost equal to those of logne ; became member of the Academy in
Annibale Carracci. In 1610 went to Rome 1703, professor 1718, rector 1743, director
and became assistant to Guido, but home- 1744, chancellor 1746. Painted many altar-
sickness soon took him back to Bologna. pieces for churches in Paris and the prov-
He bade become famous, when family inces, also historical and mythological scenes,
fair to
afflictions affected his mind, and he died in the then prevailing style of conven-
a beggar. Among his works are Madonna tional elegance. Works St. Peter reviving
: :

in Glory and Saints Alo and Petronius, Bo- Tabit h a ,

logna Gallery Adoration of Shepherds and

; Louvre ;

Kings, S. Paolo, Bologna Apotheosis of S. ; Pharaoh's

Benedict, S. Michele in Bosco Madonna ;
Cup found
and Saints, S. M. delle Laudi ; Nativity, SS. in Benja-
Filippo and Giacomo ; Anthony and min's Sack (1698) Vision of Jacob in Egypt
St. ;

Prophets, S. Benedetto ; Pieta, Angel and (1699) Triumph of Hercules over Achelotis
;

(1703). Ch. Blanc, Ecole frai^aise ; Villot,

Cat. Louvre.

CAZES, ROMAIN, born at St. Beat, (Haute-

Garonne), in 1810, died in 1881. French
Dead Munich school history painter, pupil of Ingres.
Christ, Gallery. Malvasia, ii. ;

143 ; Lanzi, 122

Burckhardt, 764, 785,
iii. ;
Medals 3d class, 1839, 1863 ; L. of Honour,
:

794, 796 Gualandi, Guida, 124, 150 Ch.

; ;
1870. Works Rebecca at the Well (1840);
:

Blanc, Ecole bolonaise. Infant Christ asleep(1845); Ascension (1846);

CAXES, EUGENIC, born in Madrid in Three Ages of Man (1859) Departure of ;

1577, died there in 1642. the Apostles (1870) ; Three Theological Vir-
Spanish school ;

son and pupil of Patricio Caxus ; employed tues (1877); Sappho (1878) ; Well at Fonta- |

with his father by Philip III. in the Pardo, rabia, Spain (1879) ; Frescos in St. Francis
and in 1612 appointed one of the king's Xavier's, Paris, and in the Church at Bagn-
painters. Painted many works in churches eres-de-Luchon. M tiller, 98.
and convents in Madrid and Toledo. Works : CAZIN, JEAN CHARLES, born at Samer
Disembarkation of English under Lord (Pas-de-Calais)contemporary. History and
;

Wimbledon at Cadiz, Virgin and Child, Mad- genre painter pupil of Lecoq de Boisbau-
;

rid Museum Fall of Eebel Angels (1605),

;
dran. Medal, 1st class, 1880 ; L. of Honour,

Copenhagen Museum. Stirling, i. 428; Ch. 1882. Works: Dock-Yard (1876); Flight
Blanc, Ecole espagnole Madrazo, 383. into Egypt (1877); Art (1879); Ishmael,
;

CAXES, PATRICIO, born at Arezzo, Italy, Tobias (1880) Souvenir de Fete (1881) ; ;

died in Madrid in 1612. Spanish school Judith (1883). ;

real name Cajesi ;

went to Spain with Cinci- CECILIA, ST., John Singleton Copley, W.
nato, Spanish ambassador, in 1567, at invita- S. Appleton, Boston ; signed, dated 1806.
tion of Philip II., and painted frescos in the Portrait of Mrs. R. S. Derby ;
dressed in
Alcazar and in the Pardo, Madrid. Trans- white picked out with gold, playing on the
lated into Spanish Vignola's book on the harp, with angels in the air above. A. T.
Five Orders. Also employed by Philip III., Perkins, 50.
in whose service he died.
Stirling, i. 195 By Carlo Dolci, Dresden Gallery canvas, ;
;

Ch. Blanc, ficole espagnole. H. 3 ft. 3 in. x2 ft. 8 in. St. Cecilia, half-

CAZES, PIERRE JACQUES, born in length, playing the organ. Painted for

2GO
 CECILIA
Grand Duke Cosmo HI., who presented it between SS. Paul and John, and SS. Au-
to the Grand-Treasurer of Poland ; bought gustine and Mary Magdalen, with musical
in 1742 for 1,600 livres from collection of instruments at her feet she holds in her ;

Prince Carignan, Paris. Engraved by P. A. hands an organ, the instrument of religious

Kilian. Gal. Koy. de Dresde, i. PL 43. music, and listens with rapture to a choir of
By Domenichino, Louvre canvas, H. 5 ft. six angels singing in the heavens above.
;

3 in. x 3 ft 10 in. St. Cecilia, a little more Ordered by Lorenzo Pucci, Cardinal of
than half-length, standing, singing to the Santi Quattro, in 1513, but not finished
accompaniment of a bass viol an angel be- until 1516-17, when it was placed in the
;

fore her holds upon his head a book of mu- chapel of St. Cecilia, in S. Giovanni in
sic. Painted for Cardinal Ludovisi taken Monte, Bologna, which had been built by
;

Cecilia Duglioli dell' Oglio, a kinswoman of

the Cardinal's. Vasari says the musical in-
struments in the picture were painted by
Giovanni da Udine. Carried to Paris in
1796 transferred to canvas by Hacquin in
;

1803 returned to Italy in 1815, recleaned,

;

and placed in the Gallery. Much damaged

by repainting. Many copies one, by Dio. :

Calvaert, in Dresden Gallery another, by ;

Guido Reui, in S. Luigi de' Francesi, Rome.

Engraved with variations by Marc Antonio.
Engraved also by Bonasone (1531), Galli
(1761), Strange (1771), David, Massard, Ro-
saspina, Beisson, Bovinet, Gandolfi (1835),
Pelee (1852), Lefebvre (1857), Landon.
Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 349 Gruyer, Vierges de
;

Raphael, iiL 583 Pinac. di Bologna, PI. 1

;. ;

Passavant, ii. 148 Landon, Musee, v. PL

;

33 Musee fran<;ais, i. Filhol, iii. PI. 193

; ; ;

Perkins, 174.
By Sir Joshua Reynolds, Marquis of Lans-
downe, Bowood. Mrs. Sheridan as St. Ce-
cilia. Sir Joshua called this the best pict-
St. Cecilia, Domenichino, Louvre. ure he ever painted. Exhibited at Royal
to France by Sieur de Nogent, who sold it Academy in 1884. Waagen, Treasures, iii.
!

to Jabach, from whom it was bought by 160.

Louis XIV. Engraved by E. Picart J. By Rubens, Berlin Gallery canvas, H. 5 ft,
; ;

Gottard Muller. Musee franc.ais, i. Part 7 in x 4 ft. 3 in. Helena Forman, the paint-
;

4 Filhol, v. 332 Landon, Vies, PI. 3 Vil- er's second wife, as St. Cecilia, singing and
:
; ;

lot, Cat. Louvre. playing on the harpsichord attended by ;

By Ouercino, Louvre canvas, H. 4 ft. x four angels, one of whom is seated upon the
;

3 ft. 3 in. Three quarters length, seated, back of a sphinx. Collection of Prince
playing an organ. Another St. Cecilia by Carignan sold by Due de Tallard (1756) ;

Guercino, Dulwich Gallery, England. Vil- for 20,050 florins. Engraved by Witdouc
|
;

lot, Cat. Louvre. and, with only two angels, by Panneels ;

By
Raphael, Bologna Gallery ; canvas, H. Lommelin. Smith, ii. 106.
7 ft 3 in. x 4 ft. 7 in. St. Cecilia, standing By Ary tichejfer. Portrait of Mine. Viar-

8(31
 CEDEESTE6M
clotGarcia standing before an organ, with Poachers
; ; Recruiting under Charles XH
one hand resting on the keyboard. (1879). Miiller, 98 N. illustr. Zeitg.
;

CEDERSTROM, GUSTAV OLAF, Baron, (1879), ii. 742.

born in Stockholm, April 12, 1845. Genre CEDERSTROM,o THURE, Baron, born
painter pupil
;
in Stockholm of Malmstrom, on the estate of Aryd, Smaland, Sweden,
and Winge, then (1876) in Dusseldorf of June 25, 1843. Genre painter cousin of ;

Fagerlin ; went in 1869 to Paris, where preceding; pupil of Dusseldorf Academy

under Albert Baur, and of
Weimar Art-School ;
trav-
elled extensively in Europe.

Medal, London, 1879.

Works: Dealer in Old
Clothes Spirit of the
;

Times (1879). -Mailer, 99.

GELS, CORNELIS,
born at Lierre, Brabant,
June 10, 1778, died in
Brussels in 1859. History
and portrait painter ; pu-
pil in Brussels of A. Lens,
and in Paris of Suvee ;

went to Rome in 1801,

and having spent seven
years in various cities in
Italy, settled in Antwerp,
and in 1815 at The Hague ;

went to Tournay in 1820

as director of the Acad-
emy, and settled at Brus-
sels in 1827 visited Eng-
;

land in 1836. Member of

Academy S. Luca, Rome,

1807. Gold medal, Ghent.

Works: Descent from
Cross (1807), Dominican
Church, Antwerp Visita- ;

tion (1808), Augustine

Church, ib. Martyrdom
;

of Si Barbara, Bruges
St. Cecilia, Raphael, Bologna Gallery. Cathedral Christ on
he studied under Bonnat and Meissonier. Mount, ftglise des Riches-Claires, Brus-
Spent a few years in Florence and Rome, sels. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 403 ;

but settled in Paris. Since 1878, member Immerzeel, i. 133; Journal des B. Arts,
of Stockholm Academy. Works Early to v. 38. :

Bed and Early to Rise (1871) ; Mignon CENCI, BEATRICE, portrait, Guercino,
(1873) ; Sickbed (1874); Epilogue, Stock- Bridgewater House, London ;
canvas. Un-
holm Museum ;
Dark Hours (1875) ;
Trans- usually bright and warm in tone for this
portation of Charles XII. (1878) ;
The master. Differs from Guido's picture, es-
S6-3
 CENNINI
pecially in the expression of sorrow. (1396). Waa- death
His Virgin and Saints, a
;

gen, Treasures, ii. 36. fresco in the Hospital of S. Giovanni Bat-

Attributed to Guide Eeni, Palazzo Bar- tista, Florence, has disappeared, but the
berini, Rome. Three-quarters face of touch- frescos of scenes in the life of Christ, in the
ing beauty. Head enveloped in drapery, church of the Compagnia della Croce di
calm but sad expression, lips tremulous Giorno, Volterra, dated 1410 and signed
with suppressed emotion. If, as is probable, Cienni da Firenze, are generally assigned to
painted by Guido, it cannot be the portrait Cenniui. He is best known, however, as
of Beatrice Cenci, as she was executed in the author of Trattato della pittura, the
oldest modern work on the technical pro-
cesses of painting. C. & C., Italy, i.

477 ; Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 643 ; Eastlake, Ma-

terials, etc., 71 ; Baldinucci, i. 308 ;
Milane-
si, H libro dell' arte o trattato della pittura
(Florence, 1859) Quellenschriften, i. 1
; ;

Preface to Mrs. Merrifield's translation of

|
Cennini's Treatise (London, 1844) Ltlbke, ;

Gesch. ital. Mai, i. 150.

CENTAUR FAMILY, ancient picture.
See Ze.uxix.
CENTAURS AND LAPITHS, BATTLE
BETWEEN, ancient picture. See Micon.
CEPHALUS. See Bloemen, Norbert van.
CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS, Claude
Lorrain, National Gallery, London canvas, ;

H. 3 ft. 4 in. x 4 ft. 5 in.; signed, dated

Rome, 1645. Cephalus receiving from Pro-
cris the presents of Diana the hound Le-
laps and the fatal dart with which she was
subsequently killed. Liber Veritatis, No.
91. Engraved by Browne, by Pye, and in
Beatrice Cenci, attributed to Guido. Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
Jones's National Gallery. Waagen doubts
September, 1599, and Guido did not paint the genuineness of this picture. Cat. Nat.
at Rome until 1008. Furthermore, the Gal.; Waagen, Treasures, i. 341 Pattison, ;

picture is not mentioned in the Barberini Claude Lorrain, 227.

Catalogues of 1C04 or 1623, so that it was By Guercino, Dresden Gallery canvas, ;

not in the Gallery until after the latter date. H. 6 f t 7 in. x 8 ft. 3 in. Cephalus weeping
Engraved by Perfetti. A. Bertolotti, Fran- over the dead body of Procris, whom lie has
cesco Cenci e la sua famiglia Edinburgh accidentally slain with an arrow above, a
; ;

Review, Jan., 1879 Academy, March 18, Cupid weeping at right, two dogs. Painted
; ;

1878 Giornale di erudizione artistica (Peru- in 1644 for Anne of Austria, Queen of France,
;

gia, 1876), v. 276. who presented it to Cardinal Mazarin passed ;

CENNINI, CENNINO DI DREA, born on his death to the Prince de Carignan,

at Colle di Val d'Elsa. Florentine school from whose collection bought in 1744 for
;

end of 14thand beginning of 15th century 4,000 livres. Engraved by L. S. Lempereur;

;

disciple for twelve years of Agnolo Gaddi. Keyl. Gal. Roy. de Dresde, ii. PI. 22.
As he was in Padua in 1398, it is not im- Subject treated also by Polidoro da Cara-
probable that he left Florence after Aguolo's vaggio, Vienna Museum.
 OEPHISODOEUS
Italian Masquerade, Louvre
painter, about 420
CEPHISODORUS, Battle Field, ;

B.C. Mentioned by Pliny (xxxv. 36 [60]) as Dresden Gallery. Ch. Blanc, Ecole ombri-
an able artist. Brunn, ii. 57. enne; Burkhardt, 768, 804; Seguier, 41;
CEEEZO (Zerezo), MATEO, born at Lanzi, i. 486.
Burgos in 1635, died CERVA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA DELLA,
in Madrid in 1675. Lombard school flourished about 1550
V ; ;

of Gaudenzio Ferrari, and master of

Spanish school son pupil;

and pupil of Mateo Gio. Paolo Lomazzo. Lanzi speaks of his

Cerezo, a mediocre Incredulity of St. Thomas, in S. Lorenzo,

painter ; afterward Milan, as entitling him to high rank in his

scholar of Carrefio school. Lanzi, ii. 499 Ch. Blanc, Ecole ;

in Madrid, where he milanaise Lomazzo, Trattato, vi. cap. 37.

;

painted with consid- CERVARO, GIRLS OF (Les Cervarolles),

erable success during Ernest Hubert, Luxembourg Museum canvas, ;

his short Painted chiefly religious

life. H. 9 ft. 5 in. x 5 ft. 9 in. Group of Women of
compositions, choosing tender and agree- theRomanCampagna, life-size. Salon, 1859.
able subjects, such as Madonnas and Mag- Colour study, H. P. Kidder, Boston, Mass.
dalens, rather than the ordinary sombre CESARE DA SESTO, born at Sesto about
ones of the Spanish school. His best pict- 1485, died in Milan after 1523. Lombard
ure, the Supper at is mentioned
Emmaus, school one of the best scholars of Leonar-
;

by Palomino as equal to works of Titian and do da Vinci afterwards became intimate in

;

Veronese. Works The Assumption, and

: Rome with Raphael, a double influence un-
the Marriage of St. Catherine, Madrid Mu- der which he painted the mannered Adora-
tion of the Magi, Naples Museum and a ;

A1 Cr e.z.o
large circular picture in the Vatican Gallery,
Rome (1523). These pictures are inferior
to his best and earlier works, the Baptism
of Christ, Scotti Gallery, Milan ;
and the
seum. Cean Bermudez ; Stirling, iii. 1032; Madonna with John, Melzi Collection,
St.
Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Madrazo, 386. ; Milan. In this gallery there is also his large
CERMAK. See Gzermak. altarpiece of a later period, the Assumption
CERQUOZZI, MICHELANGELO, born of the Madonna, and in the Brera a charm-
in Rome, Feb. 2, 1602, died there, April 6, ing Madonna sitting under a laurel tree.
1660. Roman school son of a jeweller, and Baldinucci, ii. 291; Lanzi, ii. 485 Burck-
; ;

for three years pupil of a Flemish painter hardt, 708 Rio, iii. 209 Ch. Blanc, Ecole ; ;

in Rome ; then of Pietro Paolo Bonzi, called milanaise Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., ii. 447.
;

II Gobbo de Frutti, from whom he learned CESARI, GIU-

to paint fruit and flowers ;
but he soon ap- SEPPE, Cavaliere
plied himself to painting battle-scenes with d'Arpino, born at
so much skill that he was called Michelan- Arpino in 1568 (or
gelo delle Battaglie. Afterward he was sur- 1560?), died in
named "delle Bambocciate," because he imi- Rome, July 3, 1640.
tated the Dutch painter Pieter van Laar, Neapolitan school;
who was called in Rome II Bamboccio. Cer- calledsometimes
quozzi painted with extreme facility, and Giuseppino (Fr.
generally without preliminary drawings. \ Josepin, Little Jo-
Among his best works are the Four Sea- seph), and also H Marino de' Pittori, be-
sons, painted for the Palazzo Salviati, Rome cause he was a corruptor in painting as
;

264
 CESBIION
Marino was Pupil of his father,
in poetry. CESI, BARTOLOMMEO, born in Bo-
an obscure painter went, when about thir- logna in 1556, died there, July 11, 1629.
;

teen years old, to Rome, where he was Bolognese school pupil of Gio. Francesco ;

employed by several painters engaged in Brizzi, but afterward studied the works of
decorating the Vatican. His ability in sketch- Pellegriuo Tibaldi. He became a good
ing attracted the attention of Pope Gregory painter, with a manner of his own, marked
XIII., who took him under his protection. by suavity and elegance, which served Guido
Clement VIII. continued his patronage, made as a model. He succeeded best in fresco,
him superintendent of the decorations in S. his most noted works being a series of ten
Giovanni in Laterano, and knighted him. pictures illustrating the life of jEneas, in
He enjoyed a great reputation in his time, the Palazzo Favi, Bologna. His paintings
|

and was enriched and honoured by the ten in oil were only inferior to those of Tibaldi
popes under whom he lived but posterity and of Aunibale Carracci. Among the best
;

has failed to accord him the rank in art are the Adoration of the Magi, in S. Do-
which he enjoyed when living. The taste menico, Crucifixion of SS. Paul and Andrew,
of the time was for glitter and ostentation, in S. Martino Maggiore, Crucifixion in
and Cesari, who had great facility of execu- S. Giovanni in Men to, Bologna. Malvasia,
tion, satisfied the popular expectation with- i. 239 Lanzi, iii. 49 Ch. Blanc, Ecole bo-
; ;

out troubling himself with much study. He lonaise Gualandi, Guida, 28, 50, 70. ;

had a well-attended school at Borne, and CESPEDES, PABLO DE, born at Cor-
[

was at enmity with Caravaggio and Annibale dova in 1538, died

Carracci. Among bis pupils was his brother there, July 26,
Bernardino, who assisted him in many of 1608. Spanish
his works. Works Expulsion from Eden, school of a noble
:
;

Diana and Actseon, Louvre Roman Battle, family, educated

;

Dresden Gallery Betrayal of Christ, Nymphs at University of

;

and Tritons, Cassel Gallery; Perseus and Alcala, studied art

Andromeda, Vienna Museum Rape of Sa- in Rome and be- ;

bines, Horatii and Curiatii, Capitol Palace, came distin-

Rome Diana, Capitol Museum, ib. Annun- guished there,
; ;

ciation, Lateran Museum, _ where he was called Paolo de Cordova, not

ib. ;
St. Clara, Hermitage, St. /K only as a painter, sculptor, and architect,
Petersburg. The ceiling fres- M^ T) 1 VT but also as a poet and scholar. The Pope
cos in the choir of S. Silvestro * * * ** conferred on him a canonry in the Cathe-
Monte Cavallo, Rome, are among his better dral of Cordova, and in 1577 he returned to
works. Ch. Blanc, cole napolitaine Lan- Spain to attend to the duties of his office,
;

zi, i. 422 Burckhardt, 652, 757.

;
finding time, however, for the pursuit of art
CESBRON, ACHILLE, born at Oran, Al- and literature.
geria ; contemporary. Flower and fruit His most famous
painter pupil
;
of Bonnat and Cormon. work, the Last
Medal, 3d class, 1884 Works Fruits and :
Supper, is in the
Flowers, Vegetables (1879); In the Shade, Cathedral of Cor-
In the Sun (1880); Roses, Poppies (1881); dova, but much
Gardener's Daughter, Street Altar (1882); faded and injured. Viardot, Peintres de
In the Packing Room, Blackberry Road 1'Espagne, 119 Stirling, i. 321 Ch. Blanc, ; ;

(1883); Metempsychosis, Peonies (1884); ficole espagnole.

Le puits aux roses, Kitchen Garden CEULEN (Keulen) CORNEUS JANSON
(1885). VAN, born in Amsterdam (?),
about 1590,

266
 CHABAL
died between 1662 and 1664 Dutch school ;
French school ; landscape painter, pupil of
probably of German origin, judging from Ingres, Hersent, and Marilhat. Has never
his name, Ceulen (i.e., Cologne). First style been a popular painter, and has not exhib-
thoroughly Dutch, afterwards mingled with
ited in the Salon since 1857. Has travelled
Flemish influence, through Van Dyck, with in Italy, the East, and Spain, taking his
whom he painted for eight years at court of subjects from those countries. Medals 3d :

Charles I. Went to England in 1618, reign class, 1838 2d class, 1844 and 1848. Works: ;

of James I, and remained until 1648, when Prisoner of Chillon (1835); Porta Nuova in
he settled at Utrecht. AVorks Magistrates Palermo
: St. Rosalie's Day, Gorges of ;

(1647), HagueMuseum ;
two portraits (1651), Amalfi (1838); Turkish Bazaar in Cairo,
Dresden Museum ; (1640, 1655), Arab Camp at Suez, Irregular Cavalry of
three
Brunswick Museum four portraits, Rotter- Ibrahim Pasha, Valley of Jehoshaphat (1841);
;

dam Museum ;
one (1660), Lille Museum Factory in the Island of Procida (1842);
;

Charles I, Chatsworth
Henry, ;
Prince Hourbarych Street in Cairo, Arabian Foun-
Kedleston Hall Duke of Buckingham,
; tain,Souvenir of the Villa Borghese (1844);
Duke of Portland, De Witt and Wife, Luton Departure of a Caravan, Plane-Trees of Hip-
Hall Milton, Passmore Edwards, M.P.,
; pocrates, Syrian Town (1846) Turkish ;

London. Burger, Musees, ii. 225 Kramm, ; Family Travelling, Caravan Halting, Arab
iii. 798 ; Riegel, Beitriige, ii. 229. Camp in the Desert, Courtyard in Granada
CHABAL-DUSSURGEY, PIERRE (1848); Mosque in Jerusalem (1849); Muez-
ADRIEN, born at Charlieu (Loire), in 1815. I
zin's House in Gaza, Shepherds of the
Flower painter, chiefly in water-colour. Roman Campagna returning from the Fields
Painted fourteen panels of flowers and fruit (1852); Arabs at a Cistern (1855) Carthu- ;

for the lobby of the Theatre Franyais; sian Convent in Syracuse, Souvenir of the
:

and decorated a room for the Empress Eu- Tiber, Bull-Fight in Valencia (1857). La-
genie. Medals 3d class, 1845 2d class,
:
;
rousse.
1847 L. of Honour, 1857
; professor at ; CHALDEAN SAGES, Giargione, Vienna
the Gobelins in 1850. Works Flowers : Museum ; canvas, H. 3 ft. 10 in. x4 ft.
5^ in.

(1842 to 1845); Crown of Flowers around Three astronomers, in Eastern costume, in

the portrait of the Duke of Orleans. Bou- the shadow of a glade. Two of them, an
quet of Camellias (1846); Springtime (1849); old man and one of middle age, stand en-
Studies of Flowers (1843 to 1852) Virgin gaged in conversation in foreground ; the ;

surrounded by Flowers, Corner of a Vine- third, seated, examines the heavens and !

yard in Autumn (1855) Crown of Flowers, places a compass on an angle, as if to meas-

;

Vase of Flowers (1861); Coucordia (1878); ure it. Said to have been finished after
A Rose from my Garden (1879). Giorgione's death (1511) by Sebastian del
CHABRY, MARTIN LEONCE, born Piombo, but there are no signs of it. In
at Bordeaux, died before April 1, 1883. collection of Taddeo Contarini in 1535. C.
Landscape painter. Medal, 3d class, 1879. & C., N. Italy, ii. 135.
Works Pic de Clarabide, Heights of La Val-
:
CHALON, ALFRED EDWARD, born in
liore (1878) In the Laudes of Gascogne, Geneva, Switzerland, Feb. 15, 1781, died in
;

Coast of Saintonge (1879); Isolated Rock at London, Oct. 3, 1860. Reverses of French
Valliere, In the Month of August (1880); In Revolution drove family to England in 1789 ;

the old Forest of Buch (1881); Ruins of Alfred entered, in 1797, schools of Royal
Thebes (1882); The Nile at Erment, Plains Academy, became an A.R.A. in 1812, and
of Thebes (1883). R.A. in 1816. Was for many years the
CHACATON, JEAN NICOLAS HENRI fashionable portrait painter in water-colours,
DE, born at Chezy (Allier), July 13, 1813. was the first to paint Queen Victoria, and

366
 CHALON
was appointed portrait painter in water-col- Chesne (1628), whose daughter he married.
ours to her Majesty. He also painted fine Painted many pictures for churches and
subject-pieces in oil, and had such imitative palaces. He was received in 1648 into first
ability that some of his works have been Academy Painting as professor, and after-
of
attributed toWatteau and Rubens. Works: wards made director. Works Christ in :

Hunt the Slipper (1831); Morning Walk, House of Simon, Last Supper, two scenes
Samson and Delilah (1837) Serena (1847); from legend of SS. Gervasius and Protasius,
;

John Knox reproving Ladies of Queen portraits of Louis XIII., of Robert Arnaud
Mary's Court (1844) Seasons (1851) So- d'Audilly, of Cardinal Richelieu, of the archi-
; ;

phia Western (1857). Redgrave Art Jour- tects Mansard and Perrault, of himself, and
;

nal (1862), 9; Ch. Blanc,

ficole anglaise ; Sandby, i.

358.
CHALON, JOHN
JAMES, born in Geneva,
March 1778, died in
27,
London, Nov. 14, 1854. El-
der brother of Alfred Ed-
ward ;
student at Royal
Academy in 1796 ; became
A.RA. in 1827, and R.A. in
1841. First exhibited works
in oil, chiefly landscapes
and genre subjects, but af-
terward took also a distin-
guished position as a water-
colour painter. Works :

Napoleon on Board the Bel-

lerophon, Greenwich Hos-
Chaldean Sages, Giorgione, Vienna Museum.
pital View of Hastings, S.
;

Kensington Museum. Redgrave ; Ch. others, Louvre Finding of Relics of

;
St. Ger-
Blanc, I5cole anglaise Sandby,
;
ii. 167. vasius, Lyons Museum ;
ten scenes from le-
CHAMPAIGNE, (Champagne), PHI- gend of St. Benedict, and others, Brussels
LIPPE DE, born Museum portrait, Hague Museum do., ; ;

in Brussels, May Rotterdam Museum Adam and Eve lament- ;

26, 1602, died in ing Abel, Vienna Museum Moses with Ta- ;

Paris,
Aug. 12, 1674. bles of the Law, Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

Flemish school ;
his- three portraits of Richelieu on one canvas,
tory and portrait
painter, pupil of PH/ CHAMP/\IGNE.P.
Bouillon, Michel
Bordeaux, two ob-
scure artists, and of
Fouquierea Went
to Paris in 1621, and worked under Du
Chesne on the decorations for the Luxem-
bourg. Returned to Brussels in 1627, but National Gallery, London. His nephew,
was recalled to Paris after death of Du Jean Baptiste Champaigne
(1645-1693), who
2(17
 CHAMPIGNY
followed his manner, was also a professor in a black Spanish beaver hat with black and
the Paris Academy. Biog. uat. de Belgique, white feathers, holding her hands crossed
iii. 413 Ch. Blanc, Ecole francaise Im- before her. The hat casts a shadow over the
; ;

merzeel, i. 134 ; Kramm, upper part of the face, giving the painter
i. 228 ; Michiels,
ix. 279, 330. an opportunity of showing his skill in treat-
CHAMPIGNY, Edouard Detaille, Henry ing transparent shadow. From this it was
Hilton, New York. Scene, the kitchen formerly called in Belgium Het Spaansch
garden of a suburban mansion near Paris. Hoedje (The Spanish Hat). It was in Ru-
Gen. Faron, having retaken Champigny, a
village above the Marne, fortified the
hamlet
and defended, foot by foot, the houses and
enclosed gardens, Dec. 2, 1870, against the
return attack of the Saxony and Wiirtem-
burg Divisions. Photogravure in Art Treas-
ures of America, ii. 51.

CHAMPIN, JEAN JACQUES, born at

Sceaux (Seine), Sept. 8, 1796, died in Paris,
March 10, I860. Landscape painter, pupil
of Storelli and Regnier an excellent water- ;

colour painter, and a skilful engraver. Med-

als 2d class, 1824 ; 1st class, 1831. Works
: :

Coast of Provence from above Nice (1831);

Souvenirs of the Lignon (18C9). Larousse.
CHAMPNEY, JAMES WELLS, born in
Boston, Mass., July 1C, 1843. Genre painter;
pupil of Edouard Frere at Ecouen, France,
and of the Antwerp Academy in 18G7-G8.
Sketched at different times in England and
on the Continent, Africa, Nova Scotia, South
America, and in the Southern United States. Chapeau de Faille, Rubens, National Gallery, London.

Lecturer on anatomy in the schools of the bens's possession until his death (1G40); at
National Academy, New York. Elected an death of his widow passed to family of Lun-
A.N.A. in 1882. Studios in New York and den, from whom bought (1817) by Baron
Deerfield. Works: Which is Umpire? (1871); Stiers d'Aertselaer for 50,000 florins sold ;

Sere Leaf (1874); Not so Ugly as he Looks at his death (1822) for 32,700 florins, and
(1875); Your Good Health, Speak, Sir (187G); taken to England, where it was purchased
Where the Two Paths Meet (1880) Indian for 3,500 by Sir Robert Peel, from whose
;

Summer Bonny Kilmeny, Boarding-

(1881); passed in 1871 to National Gal- Collection it

school Green-Boom (1882); Pamela, Hide

lery. Engraved by Tayler Reynolds. ;

and Seek, Autumn Reverie, Eunice (1884); Smith, ii. 32, 228; Kett, 110; Waagen, Treas-
He loves Me (1885); Water-colours On the ures, i. 398. :

Heights, Measuring the Great Elm (1884). CHAPLIN, CHARLES JOSHUA, born
CHATEAU DE FAILLE (i.
e. Foil The
Les Audelys (Eure), June 6, 1825. Fig- at
Beaver Hat), Rubens, National Gallery, Lon- ure and portrait painter pupil of the Ecole ;

don wood, H. 2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 9 in. Por- des Beaux Arts, and employed in 1860 in
;

trait of a young lady (Mdlle.

Lunden?), decorating the Tuileries, afterwards the
half-length, life-size, dressed in a black vel- rooms of the Empress in the FJysee, the
vet bodice with crimson sleeves, and and other public and private
wearing Hotel Musard,
SOS
 CHAPMAN
buildings. He is successful
as a teacher.and admitted to Academy in 1728 ; treasurer in
'

has many pupils. Medals 3d class, 1851 1755. Long painted still-life, in which he has
:
;
j

2d class, 1852 and 1865 ; L. of Honour, never been excelled.

1865 Officer, 1877. Studio in Paris. Works: In 1737 began to
;
I

St. Sebastian (1847)Street in Village of paint pictures with

;

Lower Auvergne, Woman of Auvergne (1848); figures of children.

Evening on the Moors, Bordeaux Museum ; Similar domestic
Mountaineers of Puy de Dome (1849); Mule- scenes exhibited in
teer of Lozcre (1851) Morning (1855) ; ;
1739-40 and 41 es-
First Roses (1857) Aurora, Astronomy,
;
tablished his repu-
Poetry, Diana (1859); Soap-Bubbles, Luxem- tation as the painter

bourg Museum Turtles (18G4)

;
Dream of middle-class life. ;
A
(panel in Prince Demidoff' s Palace); Parro- But one of his oil !

quets, Poetry (1867) First Ties (1869)

; portraits (1773) is known. In the latter
;

Child, Girl a
holding Tray (1870) ; Haydee pail of his life Chardin painted in pastel, of
(1873), Miss C. L. Wolfe, New York May which the portraits of himself and his wife
;

Rose, Broken Lyre (1875) Happy Hours in the Louvre are examples.
;
Works :

(1876) Sweetheart's Portrait, Love's Mes- Kitchen Interior (1728), La Raie, Fruits
;

senger, portrait of Due d'Audiflret-Pasquier and Animals (1728), Kitchen Utensils, 1731,
(1877); Devotion, W. T. Walters, Baltimore; do. (1731), The Industrious Mother (1740),
The Blessing (1740), Dead Rabbit (1757),
The Monkey Antiquarian, Art Attributes
(1765), Louvre The Blessing, The Washer-
;

woman, Boy's Portrait, Hermitage, St.

Petersburg two Pictures of still-life, Mu-
;

Prayer, Samuel Hawk Collection, New York ;

Souvenirs (1882). Larousse, iii. 967; Vape-

reau (1880), 399.
CHAPMAN, JOHN GADSBY, born at
Alexandria, Va., in 1808. Subject and land-
scape painter studied in Italy. Is a suc-
;

cessful etcher and wood-engraver, and has seum

of Fine Arts, Boston. Ch. Blanc,
illustrated many books. Ecole franchiseElected
Dohme, 3 N.A
Goncourt, i.in ; ;

1836. Studio in Rome since 1848. Works: 75 Wedmore, Masters of Genre Painting, ;
j

Etruscan Girl Last Arrow

; Baptism of 196 Wurzbach, Maler des XVHI. Jahr-
; ;
;

Pocahantas (Capitol at Washington) Sun- hund., 33; Villot, Cat. Louvre; Portfolio
;

set on the Vintage Scene

Campagna (1872), 50.
; ;
1

Stone Pines in the Barberini Valley Valley CHARGE OF ARTILLERY OF IMPE-;

ofMexico. RIAL GUARD, Adolphe Schreyer, formerly

CHARDIN, JEAN BAPTISTE SIMEON, in Luxembourg Museum ; canvas, H. 6 ft.
born in Paris, Nov. 2, 1699, died there, 9 in. x 14 ft. 3 in. Battle of Trnktir in the
Dec. 6, 1779. French school Genre, in- ; Crimea, Aug. 16, 1855. Artillery going to
teriors, and still-life painter pupil of Cazes, ; the Front Salon, 1865.
and of Noel Nicolas Coypel, who employed CHAREPHANES, painter. See Nico-
him to paint accessories and led him to phanes.
adopt the style in which he was destined to CHARIOT A FOIN (Hay Cart), Philips
excel. First attracted attention Wouverman, Hague Museum; wood, H. 1 ft.
by a bar-
ber's sign, then in 1728 by La Raie (Louvre); 3 in. x 1 ft 6 in. A landscape with water and
:
 CHARIOT
boats which men are loading with hay on Engraved by I.
;
S. Klauber A. Dalco.
;

the bank, a loaded hay-cart drawn by two Wicar, i. Part 9 ;

Gal. du Pal. Pitti, ii. PL
horses, another by one horse, a man on 82.
horseback with a peasant woman behind, By Wilhelm von Kaulbach, Henry Pro-
and other figures. Engraved by Dupreel, basco, Cincinnati. Originally called Mut-
Bovinet. Taken to Paris, but restored in terliebe (mother-love). Female figure, seat-
1815. Musee francais Filhol, ii. PI. 99
; ; ed, with several children. Replica, in
Smith, i. 323. small, Henry C. Gibson, Philadelphia ;

CHARIOT RACE, J. L. Gerdme. See crayon study, J. P. Morgan, New York do., ;

Circus Maximus. E. D. Morgan Collection, New York. Pho-

CHARIOT RACE, Alexander Wagner, togravure in Art Treasures of America, i. 68 ;

George Kirchuer& Co., New York ; canvas, iii. 7.

H. 5 ft. 6 in. x 12 ft. 6 in. Race of four- By Rubens, Potsdam Gallery (?) copper, ;

horse chariots, driven by Christian slaves, H. 2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 8 in. A beautiful woman
in the Circus Maximus, Rome, in time of bending down to caress three infants. En-
Domitian, A.D. 81, the prize being life and graved by Galle Surugue. Smith, ii. 110. ;

freedom. Scene the end of the race the ; By Andrea del Sarto, Louvre wood, ;
trans-
winner, the driver of the grays, is about to
pass the line when he hears the bays com-
ing up behind at his left, and is for a mo-
ment startled lest the victory be snatched
from his grasp. Painted in 187G, by order
of Messrs. Kirchuer & Co., for Philadelphia
Exposition, where was awarded a medal.
it

Original sketch (1873), medal at Vienna,

now owned in London.
CHARITY, William Adolphe Bowjuereau,
J. W. Drexel, New York canvas, H. 9 ft. x
;

5 ft. Female figure, draped, seated on a

marble bench, with architectural back-
ground, with left foot resting upon an over-
turned jar, from which coins are escaping ;

she holds three infants in her arms, and [

two others nestle at her feet. Salon, 1874 ;

Replica, landscape background, Samuel

Hawk Collection, New York ; Study, Henry
Hilton, New York. Photogravure in Art
Treas. of Amer. ii. 30 ; iii. 17.

By Domenichino, Dresden Gallery ; canvas,

H. 4 x 6 ft. 5 in.
ft. Female figure, with
children. Purchased in 1845 for 600 thal- Chanty, Andrea del Sarto, Louvre.

ers from heirs of Inspector Matthei. f erredto canvas, H. 5 ft. 11 in. x4 ft. 6 in. ;

By Ouido Reni, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

'

signed, dated 1518. A woman

with three
canvas, oval, H. 3 ft. 5 in. x 4 ft. 8 in. A children, one at her feet asleep and two in her
woman, half-length, and three children, one lap, to one of which she is giving the breast.
of which she supports with her right arm Painted in France for Francis I. Copy in
while nursing a second the third takes ;
Nantes Museum. Engraved by P. Audouin ;

hold of her robe. In Guide's first manner. Massard Salmon. Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 30
; ;

870
 CHARLATAN
C. & C., Italy, iii. 563 ; Villot, Louvre ; Ch. Engraved by Fr. Aquila, Aloysio Fabri, and
Blanc, ficole florentine Filhol, viii. PL 505 ; Landon.
; Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 361; Passavant,
Klass. der Malerei, i. PI. 30 Landon, Musee, ii. 157; Mttntz, 427.
;

x. PL 42 ; Dohme, 2iii. 2 ; Miindler, Essai, CHARLEMAGNE AND

WITTIKIND,
25 Musee royal, i.
; Ary Scheffer, Versailles Museum canvas. ;

By Anton Van Dyck, Earl of Lonsdale, Wittikind, the heathen King of the Saxons,
Lowther Castle canvas, H. 4 fi 9 in. x 3 ft. after his defeat in two great battles, surren-
;

9 in. A beautiful woman, in a white robe dered to Charlemagne at Attigny-sur-Seine

and blue scarf, with a scarlet mantle over in A.D. 785 and was baptized. Charlemagne,
her knees, sitting with a naked infant in her mounted, at right, accompanied by soldiers
lap a second child standing at her right,
; and ecclesiastics, receives the submission of
and a third behind her. Copies Dulwich :
Wittikind, who, with his family and other
Gallery; Hope Collection ;
P. Methuen. En- followers, kneels before him. Subject treated
graved by C. Caukerckeu W. Ryland. also by Wilhelm Kaulbach, MaximiUaneum,
;

Lithographed by Lafosse. Smith, iii. 118 Munich. ;

Guiffrey Waagen, Treasures, iii. 2G1.

; CHARLEMONT, KDUARD, born at
CHARLATAN, Gerard Dou, Munich Gal- Znairu, Moravia, in 1848. Genre and por-
lery; wood, H. 3 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. 7 in.; signed, trait painter ; pupil of the Vienna Academy
dated 1652. A quack doctor, on a stage under Engerth, then of Makart, who enabled
covered with a Turkish carpet and roofed him to visit Italy remained some time in ;

with a large umbrella, holding forth on the Venice, and travelled in Germany and
virtues of his drugs to a numerous assem- France ; has recently settled in Paris.
blage of people. One of his most famous Works: The Antiquaries (1872); Two Boys
pictures. Formerly in DUsseldorf Gallery. in Rubens's Costume, Two Scenes from
Injured by injudicious cleaning and restor- Snowdrop, Four Divisions of the Day, Four
ing. Engraved by Wille C. Hess. Smith, Seasons, Five Continents, Lansquenet (1878).
;

i. 37; Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise. Miiller, 101 ;

N. illustr. Zeitg., (1878), ii.

CHARLAY-POMPON, CHARLES, born 602 ; K, xiii. 352.

Zeitschr. f. b.
in Paris; contemporary. Landscape painter,
!

CHARLEMOXT, HUGO, born at Znaim,

pupil of Rapin. Medal, 3d class, 1885. Moravia, .
in 1850. Landscape
painter ;
Works: L'Uveaune near Marseilles (1883);' brother of Eduard, pupil of the Vienna
November (1884) The Last Leaves, Road Academy under Lichtenfels, then under his
;

of La Souris (1885). brother and Makart travelled in 1874 in ;

CHARLEMAGNE, CORONATION OF, Holland. Works Interior of Makart's Stu- :

Raphael, Stanza dell' Incendio del Borgo, dio, Still-life with Peacocks. Mailer, 101 ;
Vatican ; fresco. H. 15 ft. 11 in. x 21 ft 4 Zeitschr. f. b. K, x. 384 ; xiii. 353.
in. Leo ILL (portrait of Leo X.), seated in CHARLES
I., portrait, Anton van Dyck,

foreground, about to place the crown on the National Gallery, London canvas, H. 12 ft. ;

head of the kneeling emperor (portrait of 6 in. x 9 ft. 6 in. Charles I., of England, in
Francis I.), beside whom stands a page (Ip- armour, on a roan charger, attended
by his
polito de' Medici) on each side, cardinals equerry, Sir Thomas Morton, on foot, bearing
;

with their trainbearers in background, the helmet in background, a cavalry combat.

; ;

warrior wearing a helmet encircled '

by a Formerly in Collection of Charles I.; pur-

crown is supposed to be Pepin, who was' chased in Munich by John, Duke of Marl-
anointed at same time as his father. Typical borough, and long in Blenheim Palace. Sold
of the dogma that the temporal
power is to National Gallery in 1884 for 17,500.
subject to the spiritual. Painted in 1517, Copies Duke of Portland, Earl of Claren- :

probably by pupils from designs of Raphael. don ; study at Buckingham Palace. Ku-
 CIIAELES
was after- PI. xvii. Guiffrey, 180 Villot, Cat. Louvre
graved by Lombart, whose plate
; ;
;

ward altered, the head of Cromwell being Head, 62.

substituted for that of the king. Waagen, By Anton van Dyck, Windsor Castle can- ;

129 Smith, iii. 77; vas, H. about

10 ft. 6 in. x 8 ft. In armour,
Treasures, ii. 3 iii. ; ;

his head uncovered, mounted on a gray

Guiffrey.
cau- charger advancing from under a lofty arch-
By Anton van Dyck, Louvre, Paris ;

vas, H. 9 ft. x G ft. 11 in.; signed.

Full way by his side, on foot, his equerry, M. ;

under a head turned St. Antoine, bearing his helmet. Collection

length, standing tree,
of Charles!.; at sale of hia effects (1651)

bought for 200 by Van Leemput, a Dutch

artist, from whom recovered at Restoration.
Copies :
Hampton Court ; Apsley House ;

"Warwick Castle Lamport Hall, Northamp-

;

tonshire ; Lady Warren. Engraved by Bar-

on (1741); C. Ferreri Ch. Pye. Smith, iii. ;

57 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 429 Guiffrey

; ; ;

Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton Court, 28.

CHARLES L, CHILDREN OF, Anton
van Dyck, Turin Gallery canvas, H. 5 ft. 1 ;

in. x 6 ft. 7 in. Prince Charles, about five

years old, standing at right, in a scarlet

frock embroidered with silver lace, his right
hand on head of a brown spaniel on his ;

Princess Mary, in a white satin dress

left, ;

and on her left, James, Duke of York, in a

blue silk frock, with an apple in his hand ;

background, a green curtain and part of a

landscape. Engraved by G. Thevenin (1863) ;

etched by Gaujean. Duplicate Earl of :

Pembroke, Wilton. Gal. di Torino, iv. PI.

Charles Anton van Dyck, Louvre, Paris.

160 Smith, iii. 53 Guiffrey, 60 Head, 55.
; ; ;
I.,

Dyck, Windsor Castle can-By Anton van ;

three quarters to left, dressed in white satin vas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 7 ft. 3 in. signed, dated ;

jacket, scarlet hose, buff boots,

broad lace 1637. Prince Charles, aged seven years,
frill, and hat with feathers, and wearing standing, with his left hand on the head of
sword and spurs, with cane in right hand a large dog on his right, the Princess ;

and left hand on hip appears to have just Elizabeth and Mary and on his left, the
; ;

dismounted from a noble charger behind Princess Anne holding James, Duke of
him, held by his equerry, the Marquis of York, on a chair, at the foot of which lies a
Hamilton in background, a page carrying spaniel.
; Engraved by Baron Strange ; ;

his cloak. Painted about 1635. Purchased R. Cooper (1762); H. Bourne H. Coussin. ;

at Marquis de Lassay sale (1770) for 24,000 Etched by Gaujeau. Copy in Berlin Mu-
fr. for Mme. du Barri, who presented it to seum, lithographed by Fr. Jentzen. Guif-
Louis XV. Valued at 100,000 fr. in 1816. frey, 172 ; Smith, iii. 60 ; Waagen, Treas-
Engraved by R
Strange; Bonuefoy Duparc ures, ii. 428. ; ;

Panquet D. J. Desvachez (1880). Etched

; By Anton van Dyck, Windsor Castle ;

by Boulard. Smith, iii. 39 Ch. Blanc, Ecole canvas, H. 4 ft. 4 in. x 5 ft.; dated 1638.
;

flamande Filhol, i. PI. 5 Klas. der Malerei, Prince Charles, about nine years old, stand-
; ;

873
 CHARLES
ing at leans left arm on base of a col- The Emperor in armour, with a red scarf
left,
umn and holds in right the hand of his over the left shoulder, mounted on a white
brother James, Duke of York, the latter in charger his right hand holds a baton, tho ;

petticoats at right, Princess Mary, with left curbs his spirited steed, whose career
;

her hands crossed at waist ; in fore- is arrested by the waves of the sea the ;

ground, left and right, two spaniels. En- wreck of a vessel is tossed on the billows ;

graved by Strange R
J. Buruet Le above, an eagle, with a wreath of laurel.
; ;

Blonde PurcelL Etched by N. Muxell. Likeness borrowed from Titian's picture.

;

Copy in Dresden Gallery, lithographed by One of his best works. Engraved by Gut-
Hanfstaengl (1840) ; another, Earl of Clar- teuberg (1790) ; C. Mogalli Earlom Chios-
; ;

endon. Sketch, with but one dog, Louvre, sone. Smith, iii. 47 ; Guiffrey.
Smith, iii. Gl Klas. der Malerei, PL By Titian, Madrid
; i Museum ; canvas, H.
xviii. Gal. roy. de Dresde;
;

Guiffrey ; Waagen, Treas-

ures, ii. 429, 457; Villot,
Cat. Louvre.
CHARLES I. AND
FAMILY, Anton van Dyck,
Windsor Castle canvas, H. ;

8 ft. x 11 ft. The king, in

royal robes, seated in an
arm-chair, with his right
hand on a table on which
are the regalia of England;
beside him, Prince Charles,
standing, with both his
hands on his knee on his ;

left,Queen Henrietta Ma-

ria, seated, with infant
James in her arms in dis- ;

tance, the Tower of Lon-

don. Engraved by Baron Children of Charles I., Anton van Dyck, Windsor Castle.
(1741) R. Strange ; Mas-
;

sard ; F. A. David Dennel. Copies Duke 6 ft. 4 in. x 3 f t. 8 in. Full

length, in gala
; :

of Richmond ; Duke of Devonshire. Smith, dress the right hand playing with a dagger, ;

iii. 66
Guiffrey ; Waagen, Treasures, ii. 426. the left on a fawn-coloured Spanish hound.
;

CHARLES I. AND CROMWELL'S Painted in 1533. Titian received for it

SOLDIERS, Paul Delaroche, Bridgewater 1,000 scudi in gold, and was created by the
House, London. Charles I. after his con- Emperor a Count Palatine and Knight of
demnation insulted by the soldiers of the the Golden Spur. Replica in 1536 for Duke
guard. The resignation of the fallen mon- of Mantua another belonged to Charles I. ;

arch contrasts strongly with the rudeness of of

England, and was sold in 1650 to Sir
his persecutors, and moves one old soldier Balthasar Gerbier for 150. Titian's first
to tears. Salon, 1836.
Engraved by Marti- sketch of Charles, a bust in armour, was pre-
net. 64; Larousse, served in Bologna until 1856, when it was
Waagen, Treasures, ii.

III. 1014. sold to an Englishman. A full-length, paint-

!

CHARLES V., portrait, Anton Van Dyck, ed from this, was in the Royal Palace at
Uffizi, Florence canvas, H. 6 ft. 1 in. x 4 ft. Brussels, and another in that of Madrid,
;

873
 CHARLES
where itwas burned in 1608. A full-length tries, and flowers, and with balconies and
Emperor, with an Irish Dog, engraved windows
of the filled with ladies in the fore- ;

in Madrazo's Gallery of Madrid, and now at ground, near the Emperor, several ladies,

Hampton Court Palace, once hung in the so- nearly nude or thinly draped, march on
called Bear Gallery at Whitehall. Vasari, foot, bearing imperial symbols; at left,
ed. Mil., vii. 449 C. & C., Titian,
;
i. 3G6. groups of spectators, men, women, and
By Titian, Munich Gallery canvas, H. 6
; children, with Albrecht Diirer standing be-
ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 9 in.; signed. The Emperor, hind them. Painted in 1875-78 Universal ;

full length, in black and a fur pelisse, seated Exposition, Paris, 1878. Pictorial World
(1880), 198 Gaz. des B. Arts (1878), xviii.
;

406.
CHAELES V. AT FUGGEE'S, Karl
Becker, National Gallery, Berlin ; canvas,
H. 3 ft. 11 in. x 5 ft.; signed, dated 1866.
Charles V., just returned from Africa (1532),
where he had overcome Barbarossa and re-
stored to liberty many captive Christians,
visited Augsburg the banker Fugger,
at
who entertained him by burning his bonds
in a fire of cinnamon and other spices, as a

thank-offering for destroying pirates and

making business safer. Engraved by Zim-
mermaun. Replica (5 ft. x 7 ft.), John Wolfe,
New York. Art Treasures of America, i. 62.
CHARLES V. AT MUHLBERG, Titian,
Madrid Museum canvas, H. 10 ft. 11 in. x
;

9 ft. 1 in. The Emperor, in full armour,

with spear in hand, is cantering on a brown
charger towards the Elbe, which runs to the
right ;
tall forest trees to lefi Painted at
Augsburg in 1548 once a masterpiece, but ;

much damaged by fire in Palace of Pardo,

Charles V., Titian, Munich Gallery.
Madrid, in 1608. C. & C., Titian, ii. 178 ;

in an arm-chair in an open gallery. Painted Revue Universelle des Arts, iii. 139 ; Vasari,
at Augsburg in 1548 ;
much re-painted. C. ed. Mil., vii. 440.
& C., Titian, ii. 179. CHARLES XV., King of Sweden, born
CHARLES V., ENTRY OF, Hans Makart, in Stockholm, May 3, 1826, died there,
Hamburg Gallery ;
canvas. Entry of Charles Sept. 18, 1872. Landscape painter ; pupil
V. into Antwerp, in 1520, after his corona- of Boklund, and later influenced by Ed.
tion, as described by Albrecht Diirer in his Bergh and Alf. Wahlberg painted Scandi- ;

diary. The Emperor, in armour, with the navian Malmstrom and views, in which
collar of Golden Fleece across his Winge sometimes supplied the figures. He
the
breastplate, and riding an armour-clad promoted the development of art in Sweden,
horse, is the central figure of a magnificent and founded the Stockholm Museum.
procession of nobles, knights, and prelates, Works: Wood Interior (1869); On the
preceded by a body of lansquenets, which is Brook Ulriksdal Castle Stone of Freya on
; ;

passing through a narrow street of pictur- Sognefjord St. Sigfrid and the Smalanders ; ;

esque houses, adorned with banners, tapes- View in Hardauger.

S74
 CHARLET
CHARLET, FRANZ, born at Brussels ;
;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole francaise; L'Art (1875),
contemporary. Genre painter, pupil of i. 193, 217; M. de la Combe, Charlet, savie,
Gerome, J. Lefebvre, and Portaels. Medal, etc. (Paris, 1856); Meyer, Gesch., 469; La-
rousse, iii. 1021.
CHARMADAS, Greek painter, date un-
known ;
one of earliest workers in mono-
chrome. Pliny, xxxv. 34 [55] ; Brunn, ii. 4.

CHARMANTIDES (Carmanides), painter,

third class ; pupil of Euphranor, Theban-
Attic school, 370-336 B. c. Pliny, xxxv. 40
[146] ; Brunn, ii. 164
CHARNAY, ARMAND, born at Charlieu,
Paris ; contemporary. Landscape painter,
pupil of Feyen-Perrin and Pils. Studio at
Marlotte (Seine-et-Marne). Medal, 3d class,
1876. Works : Abandoned Lime Kiln
(1868); All Souls' Day, Beach at Yport,
Arrival of Fishing Boats at Yport, Hour for
Riding, Back Yard of Castle of Gastellier
near Charlieu (1874); Casting the Net (1876);
Butcher's Shop, October (1879); At the End
of the Park (1880) Autumn Rain (1881) ; ;

Street in Carcenague, Market (1882) ; Fish-

Charles V at Muhlberg, Titian, Madrid

ing Party (1883); Evening (1885).
Museum.
CHARPENTIER, LOUIS EUGENE, born
3d class, 1885. Works: Winter MorningJune 1, 1811. Military and genre
in Paris,

(1882) ; Mowers Passing Funeral, painter, pupil of Gerard and Cogniet was
(1883) ; ;

Preparations for Market (1884) The Spin- for twenty-six years professor of designing
;

nersMorocco (1885). at Versailles. Medals 3d class, 1841 and :

CHARLET, NICOLAS TOUSSAINT, 1857. Works Bivouac of Cuirassiers (1831);

:

born in Paris, Oct. 20, Hunters asking the Way (1837); Break of a
1792, died there, Oct. Dutch Dyke (1839); Defence of Aubervil-
29, 1845. French liers-les-Vertus (1841) Robert le Diable
;

school genre and bat-

;
(1842) ; Capture of the Great Redoubt at
tle painter, pupil of Moskowaand Death of Caulaincourt (1843);
Gros. Supported him- Halt of French Army on Great St. Bernard
self, while with Gros, (1844) Duke of Orleans in the Trenches
;

by giving lessons in Sedaine compos-

(1845), Versailles Gallery ;

drawing. Was inti- ing an Opera, Beaumarchais teaching the

mate with Gericault, Daughters of Louis XV. (1848) Field Guns ;

with whom he visited England in 1836. His (1851) Pupils of the Ecole Poly technique
;

lithographs number nearly 2,000. Works in the Battle of Paris, March 30, 1814 (Bou-
:

The Cure's Visit The Antiquary

; ;
Grand- logne-sur-Mer); Battle of Tchernaia (1857),
papa's Feast Burlesque Concert The Im- Versailles Museum Camp of Chalons (St.
; ; ;

provisatore Episode in Russian Campaign Cloud); Imperial Guard at Magenta (1861);

;

(183G), Lyons Museum Crossing the Rhine Capture of Bomarsund (1863); Death of the
;

at Kehl (1837), Versailles Museum

Convoy Vendeean General Bonchamps (1834); Siege
;

of Wounded Soldiers, Valenciennes Museum. of Toulon, A Soldier's Alms (1866); The

475
 CHAETEAN
Ford, Sharpshooters (1868); On the Road to Munich Academy under Wagner and Piloty,
Valmy, Target ofSaint-Chaumont (1869); A and painted one year in Venice. Honour-
Courier, Light Artillery (1874); Forge (1875); able mention

Convoy, Autumn Manoauvres (1876); A Bat- in Salon, 1882.

tery (1877); Retreat from Inkerrnann, Winter

Studio in New
Campaign (1878) ; Draught Horses, The York. Works :

Wounded (1880); The General Staff (1881); Portraits of

Forward! The Forge (1882); Washington's Piloty's Chil-

Tent, French Cavalry in 1670 (1883) Wel- ;

dren Vene-
;

lington in Spain (1884) Hollow Way, Lime

;
tian Fish Mar-
Kiln (1885). ket ; Dowager
CHARTRAN, THEOBALD, born at Be- (1875) ; Boy
sanon contemporary. Genre and por-
;
Fe e d i ng a
trait painter, pupil of Cabanel. AVon the Cockatoo,
grand prix de Rome in 1877. Medals 3d : Broken Jug (1877); Ready for a Ride, The

class, 1877; 2d class, 1881. Works Angel- : Apprentice (1878) ; Interior of St. Mark's
ica and Roger (1875) Girl of Argos at
;
Venice, Court Jester, Portrait of Duveneck
Tomb of Agamemnon, Gentleman of Court (1879) do. of Gen. Webb (1880)
; do. of ;

of Henry H. (1876); St. Saturnin (Church Peter Cooper (Paris Salon, 1882) Interior ;

of Champigny-sur-Marne); Martyr in Cata- of Artist's Studio (1883) The Coquette ;

combs at Rome (1877) Woman Playing (1884). Am. Art Rev. (1881), 91, 135.
;

Lute (1880); The Taper (1881); Vision of CHASSERIAU, THEODORE, born in

St. Francis of Assisi (1883) ;
The Betrothal Panama, Sept. 20, 1819, died in Paris, Oct.
(1885). 8, 1856. History and portrait painter, pu-
CHASE, HARRY, born Woodstock, Vt., pil of Ingres, but later an imitator of Dela-
in
in 1853. Landscape and marine painter, roche. Medals 3d class, 1836 2d class, :
;

studied in Munich, at The Hague, and in 1844 and 1855 L. of Honour, 1849. Works: ;

Paris under Soyer. Elected an A.N.A. in Return of Prodigal Son (1836) Ruth and ;

1883. Studio in New York. Works Breezy Boaz (1837); Susanna, Venus Anadyomene
:

Afternoon off the Battery New York, T. (1839); Christ in Garden of Olives (1840);
B. Clarke, New York Pecheurs Anglais, Andromeda (1841)
;
Descent from Cross, ;

Kullen Point Sweden, Low Tide Welsh Esther preparing to meet Ahasuerus, Cap-
Coast (1878); Herring Fishers of Scheven- tive Trojan Women (1842); Caliph of Con-
j

Holland (1880); Outward Bound stantine (1845); Sabbath in Jewish Quarter

1

ingen
Whaler, Dutch Boats at Anchor, Dutch of Constantino (1848) Arab Horsemen
;
;

Trawlers (1881); Bringing the Fish Ashore, carrying off their Dead, Desdemona, Moor-
Departure of a French Brig (1882) Coast ish Women playing with a Gazelle (1850);
;

of Holland, Dredging for Scallops near New Baptism of the Eunuch, St. Francis Xavier
I

Bedford, Summer Morning French Coast baptizing the Indians and the Japanese, mu- |

(1883); Near Dordrecht, Battery Park New ral paintings in a chapel of St. Roch, Paris
York (1884); Rising Tide on Dutch Coast, (1850); Christ with Martha and Mary (1852);
New York Harbour (1885). Woman of Mola (1850); The Tepidarium,
CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT, born at Defense of the Gauls (1855). Ch. Blanc,
Franklin, Indiana, Nov. 1, 1849. Still-life Ecole fran9aise ;
Larousse.
and portrait painter ; pupil of B. F. Hayes, CHASTITY, TRIUMPH OF, Luca Sig-
portrait painter in Indianapolis, of the Na- norelli, National Gallery, London ; fresco,
tional Academy, and of J. O. Eaton, New transferred to canvas, H. 4 f t. x 4 ft. 4 in. ;

York. Studied six years from 1872 at the signed. In foreground, Cupid on his knees

ate
 CHATHAM
bound by maidens, who have taken his CHAUVIN, AUGUST, born at Lioge in
darts and broken his bow ;
three male fig- 1810. History painter, pupil of Dilsseldorf
ures looking on in background, two other Academy under. Schadow
;
was for several ;

groups of maidens, in one of which Cupid years drawing-master to the Prince of Neu-
is being captured and in the other led away wied, returned to Diisseldorf in 1841, after-

with his arms pinioned. Nat. Gal. Cat. ward went to Liege as professor at the acad-
;
!

Richter, 49. emy of which he is now director. Works :

CHATHAM, DEATH OF, John Single- Departure of Tobias Prayer of Moses ; ;

ton Copley, National Gallery, London can- Flight into Egypt (1850); Hagar in the
;

vas, H. 7 ft. G in. X 10 ft. 1 in. Scene in old Desert Adoration of the Magi Conversion
; ;

House of Lords, April 7, 1778. Earl of of Saul Banquet of Pepinof Heristal, Lioge ;

Chatham fainting in making an effort to re- Museum. Miiller, 102.

Death of Chatham, John Singleton Copley, National Gallery, London.

ply to Duke of Richmond's speech on a mo- CHAVET, VICTOR, born at Aix (Bou-
tion respecting an address to the king, inti- ches-du-Rhone), July 21, 1822. Genre
mating the necessity of acknowledging the painter, pupil of P. Revoil and C. Roque-
independence of the United States. The plan. Medals 3d class, 1853 2d class, :
;

Earl was carried home, and died May 11. 1855 and 1857 L. of Honour, 1859. Works ; :

The fifty-five heads are all portraits peers Singing Lesson (1847) Charles VH. and ;

in state robes. Duke of Richmond promi- Agnes Sorel at the Astrologer's, Coming
nent figure to right. Painted in 1777-80 out of Bath, Pleasant Idleness (1848); Van
;
!

presented in 1828 by Earl of Liverpool. Two Dyck and his Mistress (1851); Young La-
studies in monochrome in National Gallery. dies looking at a Jewel (1852) ; Concert
j

Engraved by F. Bartolozzi and in small in '(1853); Honeymoon (1855); Playing Domi-

;

Jones's National Gallery. Cat Nat. Gal. noes (1857) ; The Amateur (1859), W. T.
I

277
 CHELMINSKI
Walters, Baltimore Bag-Piper of the 72d ;
Works : Sentence of Louis XVI, Mirabeau
Highlanders, Woman
Asleep (1859), Luxem- replying to Marquis of Dreux-Breze (1829),
bourg Museum Jewish Goldsmith at Mous- ; Deluge, Death of Zoroaster, Trojan War,
taganem (1859); Rest in the Island (186C); Death of Socrates, Csesar crossing the Rubi-
Difficult Answer (1870) Corner of Hearth ; Age of Louis XIV., Au- con, Italian Poetry,
(1872); Young Nobles of Court of Henri gustus closing Doors of Temple of Janus,
m. (1873); The Model Resting (1874); Con- Attila stopped before Rome, The Beginning

fidence, Imprudent, Illusion (1875); Wash-

of the Reformation (all exhibited in 1853) ;

erwomen (1877); Reading the Paper (1878); Death of Cato and of Brutus, Birth of
Woman Reading (1879). Christ, National Convention (1855) Divina ;

CHELMINSKI, JAN, born at Brzostov, Tragedia (1869), Luxembourg Museum.

Poland, Jan. 27, 1851. Genre and land- Ch. Blanc, Artistes de mon Temps, 191 La- ;

scape painter, pupil of the Munich Acad- rousse.

emy and of Franz Adam. Studio in Mu- CHERON, LOUIS, born in Paris in 1655, 1

nich. Works Stag-Hunt in time of Louis died in London in 1713. French school
: ;

XV. Starting for the Chase

; Morning history painter and engraver studied works
; ;

in the Ukraine By a Tavern Polish In- of Raphael and G. Romano in Italy re-
; ; ;

surgents ;Going to Church Huntsman turned to Paris in 1688, but being a Calvin-
;

on Horseback Thawing in the Ukraine ist was obliged to leave in 1695, and went
; ;

Outposts Ordnance and Dragoon Stag- to England, where he was employed in the
; ;

Hunt in 18th Century (1879), New Pinako- decoration of Boughton, Burley, and Chats-
thek, Munich Corso in 18th Century (1883); worth.
;
Works Diana and Nymphs Bath- :

Carnival in Poland (1884). Mailer, 103 ing (engraved by Baron) Marriage of

; ;

N. illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i. 58. Charles L (engraved by Dupuis). He made

(1880); i. 55 ;

CHELSEA PENSIONERS, Sir David designs for an edition of Paradise Lost,

Wilkie, Apsley House, London ; canvas. published in 1720. Bryan (Graves); Red-
Reading the Gazette of the battle of Water- grave.
loo. Chelsea pensioners seated around a CHERY, PHILIPPE, born in Paris in
deal table, in front of the Duke of York Inn, 1759, died there in 1838. French school ;

with Chelsea Hospital in the background. history and portrait painter, pupil of Vien ;

A hussar orderly has just ridden up with a left France during Revolution returned in ;

copy of the Gazette, which one of the old 1802, and received prize of 12,000 francs
heroes is reading aloud many other fig- in the competition of the year XI. (1803) for
;

ures grouped around. Painted in 1821 for his Treaty of Amiens. Works Annuncia- :

the Duke of Wellington, who paid 1200 tion, Church of Gen erville ; St. Cecilia, Bene-
guineas for Sketch in Baring Collection. dictine Convent, Boulogne-sur-Mer Death
it.
;

Engraved by Burnet. Redgrave, Cen- of Father of Louis XVI. (1817); Thrasybu-

J.

tury, ii. 270 Heaton, Works of Sir D. W.; lus reestablishing Democratic Government
;

Mollett, Cl AVaageu, Art Treasures, ii. 189, at Athens Death of Alcibiades

; Birth of ; ;

273. Venus Toilet of Venus. Bryan (Graves). ;

CHENAVARD, PAUL JOSEPH, born CHEVALIER, NICHOLAS, born in St.

in Lyons, Dec. 9, 1808. History painter, Petersburg about 1830. Son of a Swiss
pupil of Hersent and Ingres spent several father and a Russian mother; became,
;

years in Italy. The leaders of the February when eighteen years old, a student in the
'

Revolution ordered of him a series of large Munich Academy, whence he went in 1851
paintings for the Pantheon, which were not to London, and in 1852 exhibited two
all finished when the Revolution ended. water-colours at After
Royal Academy.
Medal, 1st class, 1855 ;
L. of Honour, 1853. studying two years in Italy, went to Mel-
'

S7S
 CHEVY
bourne, Australia, where he resided from cuted many excellent easel pictures and
1859 to 1867. In 1865, 1866, and 1868, he wall paintings, also frescos in several
explored a large part of New Zealand, mak- churches and palaces in Rome. Works :

ing many sketches, and in 18C9 and 1870 Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, San Maria
he accompanied the Duke of Edinburgh in del Suffragio, Rome four subjects from ;

his visit to the South Sea Islands, Japan, Ovid, Palazzo Spada, Rome portrait of ;

China, India, etc. Since then he has resided himself, Uftizi, Florence Adoration of the ;

chiefly in England and has executed many Magi, Dresden Gallery Holy Trinity, Lord ;

works, several of them by royal commission. Scarsdale, Kedleston Hall three pictures at ;

Works Pilgrims at Tivoli, Buffalo Ranges Hampton Court frescos in Colonua and
:
;

(1865) Atiamano Island of Tahiti (1871)

; Barberiui Palaces and in S. Maria di Monte-
;

Palace of Deeg Bhurtpore (1872) Thanks- santo, Rome. ;

giving Procession to St. Paul's (1873) Blind CHEERICI, GAETANO, born at Reggio,
;

Musicians of Japan (1874) Review in St. Italy, in 1838. Genre painter noted for
; ;

Petersburg (1875) Opening of Exhibition of humourous interior scenes, with children.

;

Vienna in 1873 (1877) Eastern Shepherd, Works: The Bath, Mother is El (1872);
;

Eastern Puzzle (1878) Hinemoa (1879) Fun and Fright (1874), Corcoran Gallery
; ; ;

The Convalescent (1882). Art Journal Charity ; New Mayor of the Village Girl ;

(1879), 121. and Kitten Saturday Frolic ; Sheriff's Ar- ;

CHEVY-CHACE, Sir Edwin Landseer, rest First Love Old Music Teacher (1873); ; ;

Duke of Bedford, Woburu Abbey ;

canvas. Child's Grief Bathing the Baby
;
Mother ;

Scene from ballad of Chevy-Chace Earl : is El (1876); Widow's Dinner (1877).

Percy of Northumberland hunting on the CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE,
property of the Scottish Earl of Douglas. Joseph M. W. Turner, National Gallery,
Royal Academy, 1826. Engraved by C. G. London ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in. X 8 ft. 2 in.
Lewis. Art Journal (London, 1876), 116. Italy ancient and modern. A mountainous
CHIALU, VINCENZO, born at Citta di landscape at evening, with a winding river ;
Custello, Umbria, July 27, 1787, died at to the right, a broken bridge ; to the left, a
Cortona, Sept. History painter, pile of ruins
4, 1840. in foreground, a solitary ;

pupil in Rome painted there stone-pine, and a party of pleasure seated

of Camuccini ;

and in Borgo San Sepolcro, Urbino, Pesaro, on the river bank. Royal Academy, 1832.
and Venice, many religious pictures and Engraved by J. T. Willniore, iu Turner
portraits in the style of his master ; lived in Gallery.
Rome in 1815-22 ; afterwards in his native CHILDREN OF THE SHELL. See
city, Florence, and other Tuscan and Um- Christ and St. John.
brian cities, until 1825, when he settled at CHILDREN'S FESTIVAL, Ludwig
San Sepolcro, whence in 1835 he moved to Knaus, National Gallery, Berlin Canvas, ;

Cortona as director of the school of paint- H. 3 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft. 9 in. Children, in the
ing. Works Cemetery (1823), Mass (1824),
:

;
costume of the 18th century, feasting at long
Palazzo Pitti Dante in the Abbey of Fonte
; tables spread under the trees of an orchard ;

Avellana Raphael and Fra Bartolommeo in

; inbackground, parents with grown children
Convent of San Marco Young Raphael ; and a band of music in middle-ground, ;

with his Parents (Cartoon). Fr. Gh. Drago- younger ones, the boys imitating the gal-
manni, Vita e Opere di V. Ch. (Florence, lantry of their elders in foreground, the ;

1841). little ones, attended by an older girl.

CHIARI, GIUSEPPE, born in Rome in Painted in 1869. Engraved by Habellmaun.
1654, died there in 1727. Umbrian school CHILL OCTOBER, John Everett JWiWaw, ;

history painter, pupil of Carlo Maratti ; exe- Sir William Armstrong, London. A bank

879
 CIIIMENTI

of willows on the water's brink strikes in CHODOVIECKI, DANIEL NICOLAUS, j

dark shade against the light of a gray Oc- born in Dantzic, Oct. 16, 1726, died in Ber-
tober sky in foreground, thickly-set water-
;
lin, Feb. 7, 1801.

reeds. Mr. Millais's first exhibited land- German school ;

scape. Eoyal Academy, 1871. Etched by portrait painter,

Brunei Debaines. Art Journal (1871), 149 ; taught drawing
Builder (1871), 380. by his father, an

CHIMENTI, JACOPO. See Empdi. amateur ;

later
CHINTREUIL, ANTOINE, born at Pont- studied in Berlin
de-Vaux, Ain, May 5, 1814, died at Sep- under Haid, a
teuil, Aug. 10, 1873. Land-
Seine-et-Oise, pupil of Rugen-
scape painter, pupil of Corot industrious ; das, until 1745,
and original, especially skilful in treatment when he devoted
of foreground and of sunlight. His pict- himself to portrait painting in little. Elected
ures have increased in value since his death. rector of the Academy in 1764, vice-director
Medal, 18G7 L. of Honour, 1870. Works in 1788, and director in 1797.
;
: Works:
Valley of Igny (1852); The Moors, Autumn Calas taking Farewell of his Family (17G6);
Evening (1853) The Country in the Morn- Blind Man's Buff, Cock-Throwing (1768),
;

ing (1855) ;
After the Rain, Reims Museum ; Berlin Museum ;
Rest-
Evening, Angers Museum
Paths bordered ing Place in the Thier- 1
;

with Apple-Trees, Coming out of the Woods garten, Leipsic Muse-

(1857), Bourg Museum The Deer Pond, um. Allgem. d. Biog.,
;

Mende Museum Ram (1859) The Aube iv. 132 Brockhaus, iv. 330 Dohme, lii.
; ; ; , ; ;

after a Stormy Night, Potato Field, Broom- Woltmann, Aus vier Jahr hunderten, 147 ;
Plant in Flower (18G1); Fields in the Early Pecht, iii. 51 Riegel, 49. ;

Dawn, Field of Sainfoin, November (18G3, CHOULANT, THEODOR, born in Dres-

rejected by the Salon, but admired by the den, July 18, 1827. Architecture painter,
critics) Sunset with Ruins, Macon Mu- pupil of Dresden Academy under Semper
; ;

seum Meadow (1864) Scotch Mist, St. visited Italy and Sicily in 1850-51, lived in
; ;

Malo Museum Vapors of Evening (18G5); Rome in 1858-61 and studied again in Venice
;

Twilight, Pout-de-Vaux Museum Country and Florence in 1864 and 1873-74.

;
Saxon
during a Hailstorm (1866), Rodez Museum court-painter in 1868. Works Castle S. An-
;
:

Meadows with Oats, Country in Autumn gelo, Rome, Dresden Museum The Eight ;

(1867); Aurora, Flood (1868); Space, Woods Ancestral Castles of the House of Saxony
in Sunlight (1869) ; The Moon, A Beam of (fresco), Royal Palace, ib. ; Vestibule, Court-

Sunlight on a field of Sainfoin (1870); Apple- theatre, ib. Meyer, Conv. Lex., xviii. 202.
Trees and Broom-Plants ill Blossom, Close CHRIST AND THE ADULTERESS.
of Day Rain and Sunlight, Low See Woman taken in Adultery.
(1872) ;

Tide, The White Road (1873); Thicket CHRIST WITH ANGELS (Crucifix aux
with Deer (1873), Luxembourg Museum. Auges), Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris can- ;

Larousse Gaz. des B. Arts (1869), i. 508.

; vas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 4 ft. 2 in. Angels in the
CHIODAROLO, GIOVANNI MARIA, air and others kneeling on the ground are in
flourished about 1520. Bolognese school adoration before Christ expiring on the cross.
;

pupil of Francesco Fraucia and rival of At foot of cross, the crown of France on a
Aspertini, Girolamo da Cotignola, and Inno- blue velvet cushion. Painted in 1686 to
cenzo da Imola. An Adoration of the Child illustrate a dream of the queen-mother,
by him is in the Bologna Gallery. Ch. Anne of Austria. Engraved by G. Edelinek,
Blanc, ficole bolouaise; Burckhardt, 585, 586. P. Drevet. Villot, Cat. Louvre.

860
 CHRIST
CHRIST, ASCENSION OF. See Axxn- John pouring water from the hollow of his
aion. hand upon his head to right, an angel, in ;

CHRIST, BAPTISM OF, Francesco Al- a cope of gold brocade, carrying the robe ;

bani,Bologna Gallery; canvas, H. 13 ft. 5 in. above, God the Father in benediction. On
x6 10 in. St. John pouring water on right wing of triptych, Jean des Trompes
ft.

the head of Christ, who stands in the stream kneels with his son Philip under the protec-
tion of St. John Evangelist on the left, his ;

wife, Elizabeth Van der Meersch, is attended

by her four daughters and St. Elizabeth of
Hungary. Painted in 1507 for Jan des
Tronipes, after whose death placed in S.
Basile, Bruges, whence taken to Paris in
1794 restored in 1815. Kugler (Crowe),
;

i. 112 C. & C., Flemish Painters, 303 Beff-

; ;

roi, i. 966 ii. 294. ;

By Francesco Francia, Dresden Gallery ;

wood, H. 6 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. 7 in. signed, dated ;

1509. Christ, with hands joined, standing

in the water St. John, kneeling on bank to ;

left, with a dish in his right hand and a staff

in his left behind, disciples and angels. ;

Formerly at Modena damaged in bombard- ;

ment of Dresden in 1760. Replica at Hamp-

ton Court, probably acquired by Charles L
with Mantuan collection. C. & C., N. Italy,
L 573 ; Law, Hist. Cat. Hampton Court, 97.
By Guido Reni, Vienna Museum canvas, ;

H. 8 ft. 2 in. x5 ft.

Christ, standing 9 in.

in the water, is baptised by John in the

Jordan. Three angela hold his vestment ;
from above, the Holy Ghost descending in
form of a dove. Engraved by J. Pichler ;
Steinmiiller. GaL de Vienne, ii. PL 66.
By Murillo, Due de Montpensier, Chateau
de Randau, Puy de Dome, France canvas, ;

H. 8 ft. 9 in. x 5 ft. 11 in. The Saviour on

Baptism of Christ, Francesco Albani, Bologna Gallery.
left, standing with hands crossed on oppo- ;

supported by two angels, while the dove is site side of rivulet, St. John
standing hold-
descending above, in the heavens, the
;
ing a reed cross in left and pointing with
Eternal, surrounded by angels and cherubs. right hand to Christ above the Saviour an ;

Formerly in S. Giorgio, Bologna, whence eagle and an inscription above St. John a ;

removed to gallery in 1823. Engraved by winged bull and an inscription. Purchased

G.Mitelli; F. Rosaspina. Pinac. di Bologna, from nuns of S. Leandro by Don A. Bravo,
PL 35. who sold itto Louis Philippe Louis Phil- ;

By Gheerardt David, Bruges Academy; ippe sale (1853), 660. Lithographed by

wood, triptych, centre, H. 4 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. Sevestre. Curtis, 190 Univers. Illustre, Jan.
;

3 in. In centre, Christ, in a cloth, stand-

hip 14, 1861.
ing up to his knees in Jordan ;
to left, St. By Murillo, Seville Cathedral ; canvas,

881
 CHRIST
arched, figures life-size. The Saviour, with By Andrea del Verrocchio, Florence Acad-
only a white drapery about his loins, kneel- emy wood, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 4 ft. 8 in. Christ
;

ing on banks of the river, with hands crossed standing in the stream with clasped hands,
on breast; St. John, partly clothed in rai- while St. John pours water on his head at ;

ment of camel's hair, standing on right, hold- left, two angels kneel on the bank, near a
ing a reed cross and pouring water from a palm tree. Painted for the brethren of
shellon head of Christ above, on ; left, two Vallombrosa at S. Salvi. Verrocchio was
cherubs with garments of Jesus ; above, aided by his pupil Leonardo da Vinci, who
centre, the Dove ; background, landscape
and river Jordan. Restored in 1875. Cur-
tis, 189.

By Rubens, M. Schamp, Ghent ; canvas.

Christ nude, except loins, standing in Jor-
dan, with the Dove descending on his head ;
St.John, standing on bank, pours water on
hishead from a shell to right, three angels
;

in air, holding his raiment above, three ;

more angels to left, four men, preparing for

;

baptism, and two women, one of whom holds

a child. Painted in Italy in 1604-6 for S.
Trinita,Mantua.
By Tintoretto, S. Silvestro, Venice ; canvas,
arched at top, H. about 15 ft. x 10 ft. Christ
in the water and St. John on the shore,
without disciples or witnesses the Jordan ;

represented as a mountain brook, receiving

a tributary stream in a cascade from the
rocks. In the arch above
is the Father sup-
Baptism of Christ, Andrea del Verrocchio, Florence Academy.
ported by angels, not by Tintoretto, the up-
per part of the picture being an addition. probably painted the charming angel show-
Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 358. ing his full face. Vasari says that the mas-
By Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice
Tintoretto, ; ter,seeing himself outdone by the pupil, re-
canvas. Figures thin and meagre in form, solved never again to take pencil in hand.
and slightly painted of the nineteen figures
; Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 36(5 C. & C., Italy, ii.
;

in the distance about a dozen are little more 407; Gall. Accad. di Firenze, PI. 44;
than sketches. Ruskin, Stones of Venice, Jameson, Hist. Our Lord, i. 296.
336.
iii.
Subject treated also by Paris Bordone,
By Tintoretto, Vienna Museum
Milan ;
Pietro Perugino, Perugia
canvas, Brera, ;

H. 3 ft. x 3 ft. 11 in. Landscape with Bap- Gallery Pietro Perugino, Vatican, Rome ; ;

tism of Christ in the Jordan. Cat. Vienna Joachim de Patinir, Vienna Museum Ales- ;

Mus. sandro Tiarini, Vienna Museum Tintoretto, ;

By Paolo Veronese, Pitti, Florence can- Madrid Museum Taddeo Gaddi, National
; ;

vas, H. 6 ft. 4 in. X 4 ft. 4 in. John Baptist Gallery, London Piero della Francesca, ;

baptising Christ, who kneels on a rock in National Gallery, London Francesco Al- ;

the Jordan three angels near by

; above, bani, Hermitage, St. Petersburg Cornelis
; ;

the Dove, with light emanating from it. Corneliszen, Hermitage, St. Petersburg ;

Engraved by Rosaspiua. Gal. du Pitti, i. Hendrik Goltzius, Hermitage, St. Peters-

PI. 14. burg ; Rogier van der Weyden, Berlin Mu-
 CHRIST
seuru Pietro Perugino, Vienna Museum
; ; By Johann Friedrich Ooerlx-ck, Meyer
Juan Fernandez Navarrete, Madrid Museum ; Collection, Hamburg. Christ standing in a
Lorenzo di Credi, Uffizi, Florence Vincen-; landscape, with both hands raised, is bless-
zo Civercbio, Louvre Vincenzo Carducbo,
; ing the children who are gathered, some
Madrid Museum. kneeling, some standing, around him ; at
CHRIST, BETRAYAL OF. See Judas, sides, the mothers, and in background, dis-
Kiss of. ciples.
CHRIST, BIRTH OF. See Nativity. Subject treated also by Rembrandt (at-
CHRIST AND THE BLIND. See Jeri- tributed), National Gallery, London Jan ;

cho, Blind men of. de Bray, Haarlem Museum Sebastien Bour- ;

CHRIST ON CALVARY, Mihail Mun- don, Louvre.

kacsy, Paris canvas, H. 19 ft. x 25 ft
; The CHRIST, CmCUMCISION OF. See
three crosses in foreground, at right, against !
Circumcision.
a sky black with clouds and illuminated CHRIST AT THE COLUMN. See Fla-
with lightnings, the city being just discern- gellation.
ible on the horizon ;Christ, pale and lean- CHRIST BEARING THE CROSS, Paolo
ing forward, has just expired ; Moratulo, Verona Gallery. Christ, with a rope
the Virgin,
Mary Magdalen, and John are kneeling at around his body and led by an executioner,
the foot of the cross, beside which the Cen- is bearing the cross on his right shoulder,
turion has dropped in terror ; all the re- aided by Simon of Gyrene, who is holding
mainder of the canvas filled with the terror- up the lower end background, a rocky ;

stricken-crowd Jewish men and women, landscape. Jameson, Hist. Our Lord, ii.
the executioners with their implements, rab- 114.
bis discussing the event, Roman cavalry, and By llaphael. See Spaximo di Sicilia.
in front Judas all hastening down the hill. By Titian, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice can- ;

Painted in 1883-84. 'vas. Four figures: Christ, bending under

CHRIST ON WAY TO CALVARY. See the cross, is dragged by an executioner with
;

Calvary, Procession to. a cord, while two persons, one at each side,
CHRIST AND THE CENTURION (Mat- look on. Painted before 1517 worshipped ;

thew, viii. 5), Paolo Veronese, Madrid Mu- for the miracles it was supposed to perform,
seum canvas, H. 6 ft. 3 in. x 9 ft 6 in. and attracted such offerings that the breth-
;

The centurion kneeling between two soldiers ren of S. Rocco were enabled to rebuild
on the marble pavement of a spacious edi- their house from the fortune it brought
fice, before Christ, who is accompanied by them. Vasari ascribes it both to Titian and
'

two apostles and others ; background, a to Giorgione. Vasari, ed. Mil, iv. 97 vii. ;

splendid building of Renaissance architect- 437 Sansovino, Ven. desc., 288 ; C. & C., ;

ure. Placed by Philip IV. in the Escorial, Titian, i. 60.

whence brought to the Museum. A smaller Subject treated also by Albrecht Dftrer,
j

canvas, same subject, in the Museum, from Bergamo Gallery, Dresden Gallery Pie- ;

Collection of Charles H. Cat. Museo del ter Brueghel, the elder, Uffizi, Florence ;
Prado. Polidoro da Caravaggio, Naples Museum ;

CHRIST AND THE CHILDREN, Lucas Garofolo, Palazzo Corsini, Rome, Hermitage,
Cranach, the elder, Baring Collection, Lon- St. Petersburg Pieter Brueghel, the young- ;

don. The mothers and the children are in er, Antwerp Museum
'

Titian, Madrid Mu- ;

quaint, old German costumea Other treat- seum Paolo Veronese, Louvre, Paris Luis ; ;

ments of the subject, which Cranach painted Morales, Louvre Eustache Le Sueur, Lou- ;

several times, are in the Stadtkirche, Naum-

'

vre ;
Lodovico Carracci, Hermitage, St. Pe-
burg, and the Pauliuerkirche, Leipsie. tersburg ;Andrea da Solario, Palazzo Borg-

asa
 CHRIST
hese, Rome Sebastian del Piombo, Dresden (1864) Vermeiren (1875) E. Corr (1875)
; ; ; ;

Gallery, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Titiau, E. Pfeiffer L. Lelli. Copy in S. Jacques,

;

Madrid Museum Gaudenzio Ferrari, Can- Antwerp. Smith, iii. 8.

;

obbio. By Anton van Dyck, Munich Gallery can- ;

CHRIST ON THE CROSS, Leon Bonnat, vas, H. 3 ft. 4 in. x2 ft. The Saviour
1 in.
Palais de Justice, Paris ; Canvas. A
tri- on the cross, alone ; the heavens marked by
of naturalistic it is said, the effects of a preternatural eclipse.
umph art. Painted, Smith,
from a dead body fastened upon an actual iii. 21.
cross in an inner court of the Ecole de By Anton van Dyck, Vienna Museum ;
can-
medecine. The sufferer, in the midst of the vas, "H. 4 ft. 2 in. x3 ft. 2 in. The Saviour
most horrible pain, seems to strain in a last expiring on the crosa A solemn and im-
effort his muscles contract, his veins swell,
; pressive work. Smith, iii. 27.
and the light which brings all into pitiless By Guido Reni, Bologna Gallery canvas, ;

relief, clearly defines each swollen lirnb. It H. 11 ft 4 in. x 7 ft. 4 in. Christ expiring
is not the Son of God, suffering but re- on the cross, the foot of which Mary Magda-
signed it is a vulgar man, who has lived a
;, len, kneeling, embraces at left, the Virgin ;

common life, and whose body undergoes in a blue mantle stands looking upward ;

tortures in which the soul does not share. at right, St. John Evangelist ;
same position.
Salon, 1874 Claretie (1884), 140. Painted for the church of the Capuchins,
By Albrecht Diirer, Dresden Museum near Bologna. One of Guide's best pictures.
;

wood, H. 8 x 6 in. dated, 1506. Christ, Engraved by Giovannini. Pinac. di Bologna,

;

with eyes upraised and mouth open, about to PI. 60 Ch. Blanc, cole bolonaise.
; Lavice,
give up the ghost the crown of thorns is 13 Felsina Pittrice, ii. 22.
; ;

upon his head, and about the loins is a cloth By Guido Reni, Modena Gallery Christ ;

with flowing ends background, a landscape on the cross alone, with drapery agitated by
;

with a black sky. "Rivals the creations of the storm, indicated by the dark sky. Kug-
L. da Vinci." Formerly in Collection of ler (Eastlake), ii. 580.

Rudolph II.; bought from Boehm Collec- By Pietro Perugino, Convent of S. M. Mag-
tion, Vienna, in 1865. Engraved by Theo. dalena de' Pazzi, Florence fresco. Near the ;

Langer (1868). Gal. Roy. de Dresde, iii. cross, the Madonna and the Magdalen at ;

PI. 47 ;
C. & C., N. Italy, i. 177 Titian, sides, SS. Bernard, John, and Benedict, un-
;

i. 117
Thausing, i. 356.
; der three round arches. One of the master's
Anton van Dyck, Antwerp Museum can- very finest works and in excellent preserva-
;

vas, H. 9 ft. 10 in. x 7 ft. 8 in. Christ ex- tion. Burckhardt, 570 Rio, ii. 247. ;

piring on the cross on the left

; St. Domi- By Rubens, Antwerp Museum canvas, H. ;

nick, on the right, St. Catherine of Siena 6 ft. 11 in. x 4 ft. 1 in.
;
Christ just expiring;
above, two angels, and a third seated at foot Jerusalem faintly seen through the gloom.
of cross. Painted in 1629 and presented
by Presented by Cornelius de Winter to Ch.
Van Dyck to Ch. of Dominicans, Antwerp, of the Recollects, Antwerp. Several repeti-
in memory of his father, who died in that tions. Engraved by Snyers ; Bolswert.
city, Dec. 1, 1622 sold on suppression of Similar subject in Munich Gallery
; en- ;

convents (1785) for 6,000 florins carried to graved by Bolswert.

; Smith, ii. 25, 69.
Paris, and restored in 1815. Engraved by By Tintoretto, Turin Gallery canvas, H. ;

Bolswert. Head, 17. 4 ft x 5 ft. 10 in. Christ, seen to hips, on

By Anton van Dyck, Antwerp Museum the cross, with the Dove and the Father
;

wood, H. 3 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft. The Saviour ex- above his head, and many angels around.
piring on the cross in distance, Jerusalem Engraved by Ferreri.
; GalL di Torino, iii.
seen faintly. Engraved by Lourie Burdet PI. 117.
;

284
I. 4 F: . , x -; ft. -2 in. The t

the tlark sky. Kny-

I'oiivout of &

ui.
 CHRIST

By Velasquez, Madrid Miiseum ; canvas, By Albrecht Dilrer, Palazzo Barberini,

H. 8 ft x 5 ft 6 in. The Saviour fastened Rome ;
dated 1506. Seven figures, life size,
to the cross, bis head falling towards his half length. Christ, surrounded by six doc-

right shoulder, and the hair falling so as to tors, engaged in discussion. Especially j

cover half the face ; trilingual inscription noticeable for the contrast in the faces and
above dark background. Painted in 1638 the varied play of the hands, which seem
;

for Convent of H. Placido came into pos- almost to speak. Study for head of Christ
;

session of Countess of Chinchon, who sent in Albertiua Collection, Vienna and for ;

it to Paris for sale in 182G on her death hands in Hausmann Collection, Brunswick.
;

fell to Duke of S. Fernando, who presented This

picture was painted in five days. Thaus-
it in 1829 to Ferdinand VII Old copy in ing, i. 349 Ephrussi, 118. ;

Capuchin church, Madrid modern one by By Holman Hunt. See Saviour in the
;

Pairon in Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. En- Temple.

graved by Murguia J. A. 8. Carmona J. ; By SfMt/nuletto, Vienna Museum canvas, ; ;

Ballester Allegre y Gorriz, and others.

;
H. 4 ft. 1 in. x 5 ft. 6 in. Half-length fig-
Mndrazo, 593 Quilliet Curtis, 7; Jameson, urea Christ, with left hand on the arm of
; ;

Hist. Our Lord, ii. 205. a seat, from which he has just risen, is rais-
CHRIST, DEAD, Anuibale Carracri, ing his right hand as if speaking the doc- ;

Louvre canvas, H. 8 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft. 11 in. tors, puzzled at his words, are consulting
;

The body of Christ on a winding-sheet, the their books. Jameson, Hist. Our Lord, i.
head on the Virgin's knees near her is the 279 Rosiui, vi. 158. ; ;

Magdalen, leaning against sepulchre; at left, By Paolo Veronese, Madrid Museum can- ;

St. Francis, kneeling, with hands crossed, vas, H. 7 f t. 9 in. x 14 ft Christ disputing
looking upon the body, over which two boy with the doctors in a sumptuous temple of
angels are weeping. Painted for S. Frances- Renaissance architecture in background, ;

co a Ripa, Rome one of Annibale's last the Virgin and Joseph, with many specta-
;

works. Extremely well composed. Engraved tors. Collection of Charles II. Cat. Museo

by Godefroi ; Aquila. Villot, Louvre ;

Mu- j
del Prado.
s6e t'nuirais. i. ; Filhol, iii. PI. 181; Landon, By school of Leonardo da Vinci, National
Musee, xi. PI. 28. Gallery, London ; wood, H. 2 ft. 4 in. x 2 ft
CHRIST AND DISCIPLES' FEET, Gi-
otto, S. Arena, Padua
M. dell' fresco on ;

wall. Christ, on one knee, with a vase of

water before him, is about to lave one of
Peter's feet,which he holds in his left hand ;

behind him, St. John and another disciple,

standing, the former carrying a water pitcher;
the other disciples sitting, Judas, at left, tying
his sandal. Jameson, Hist. Our Lord, ii. 15.

By Tintoretto, Moise, Venice. Christ

S.

washing the feet of Peter, at the top of a

circle of steps, on which the other apostles
kneel. Much faded and injured. Ruskin,
Stones of Venice, iii. 315 Zanotto, 167. ;
Christ among the Doctors, School of Leonardo da Vinci,
National Gallery, London.
CHRIST AMONG THE DOCTORS, Mi-
chelangelo da Caravaggio, Uffizi, Florence. 10 in. Christ surrounded by four doctors,
Half-length figures. Engraved by Dennel ;
half lengths. From collection of Mr. Hoi-
T. Verkruys. Wicar. well Carr ; previously in Aldobrandiui Gal-
 CHRIST

lery, Rome, where it was attributed to Leo- 11 in. x 2 ft. 5 in. Christ, half length, bless-
nardo da Vinci. Probably by Bernardino ing the bread and wine. From Casa Rurnieri,
Luini. Waageu, Treasures, i. 319. Venice. Copy in Louvre by Agnese Dolci.
Subject treated also by Giovacchino As- Engraved by F. Basan. Gal. Roy. de

sereto, Liverpool Gallery; Bernardino Luini, Dresde, i. PI. 41.

National Gallery, London, Church at Saron- CHRIST AT EMMAUS. See Supper at
no (fresco) ; Lodovico Mazzolino, Palazzo Emmaus.
CHRIST, ENTOMB-
MENT OF. See Entomb-
ment.
CHRIST, ENTRY INTO
JERUSALEM OF, Johann
Friedrich Overbeck, Ma-
rieii Kirche, Lubeck can- ;

vas, H. 6 ft. x 8 ft; signed,

dated 1824 Christ, riding
an ass, with his right hand
raised in benediction, is
passing through the gates
attended by a numerous
concourse of people men,
women, and children
bearing palms and sing-
ing ;
in foreground a man
spreads his garment before
the ass. Begun in Vienna
in 1809, finished in Rome
in 1824. Atkinson, 16.
Subject treated also by
Giotto, Arena, Padua ;

Vassilacchi, Church of Be-

nedictines, Perugia ; Giov.
Ant. Fassolo, Dresden Gal-
lery ; Pasignano, Pal. Cap-
poni, Florence ; Sebastian
del Piombo ; Nicolas Pous-
sin Charles Lebrun,
;

Christ and Evangelists, Fra Bartolommeo, Palazzo Florence.

Louvre Charles Miiller
;
Pitti,

1844) Edouard (Salon, ;

Borghese, Rome, Berlin Museum

Leonard Dubufe, (Salon, 1845); J. F. Bremond,
;

Bramer, Brunswick Gallery; Charles Adolphe Church of La Villette, Paris

[
Hippolyte ;

Bonnegrace, Toulon Museum Pinturicchio, Flandrin, St. Germain des Pres, Paris.
;

S. M. Maggiore
(fresco), Spello Rembrandt, ;
CHRIST AND EVANGELISTS, Fra Bar-
Munich Gallery Gaudenzio Ferrari, S. M. tolommeo, Palazzo Pitti, Florence wood,
; ;

delle Grazie, Milan Ernest Zimmerman, tranferred to canvas, H. 9 ft. 2 in. x 6 ft. 6
;

(1879). in.; signed, dated 1516. The Saviour, partly

CHRIST AND THE ELEMENTS, Carlo draped, standing on a pedestal in front of a
!

Dohi, Dresden Gallery ; canvas, H. 2 ft. niche, holds the sceptre in his left hand
 CHRIST
while his right is raised in benediction on Palace, Madrid taken from carriage of Jo-
; ;

sides, SS. Mark and John, SS. Matthew and seph Bonaparte at battle
of Vittoria restored ;

Luke. Below, two little angels seated on by Duke of Wellington to Ferdinand VH,
step holding symbol of the earth. The who sent it back to him as a present. Copies
Prophets Jacob and Isaiah, now in the Trib- in National Gallery, London Uffizi, Flor- ;

une of the Uffizi, were painted on the wings ence ;

Madrid Museum and hi Hermitage, ;

of this altarpiece. Painted for Salvadore St. Petersburg. Engraved by Volpato, Cur-
Billi, who
placed in SS. Aununziata de' tius and others.
it Waagen considers this the
Servi bought by Carlo de' Medici in 1G18 most beautiful known representation of the
;

for his private chapel, a copy by Jacopo da subject. Meyer, Correggio, 333,486; Kdnst.
Enipoli being placed in the church hi its Lex., i. 436 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 275 ; ;

stead on the death of the Cardinal (1663) Landon, CEuvres, viii. PI. 12 Kugler (East-
; ;

removed to Palazzo Pitti ; carried to Paris lake), ii. 505.

in 1799 ;
returned in 1814. Engraved by By Carlo Dolci, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

G. B. Gatti. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 190 ;

C. &
wood, H. 2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 8 in. Christ kneel-
C., Italy, iii. 466 Marchese, ii. 123,
;
145 ing, with arms folded and head inclined; ;

Landou, Musee, 2d Col., i. PI. 1 Gal. du above, an angel, with cross and chalice.
;

Pal. Pitti, i. PL 31; Ch. Blanc, Ecole floreu- Painted for Francesco Quaratesi, Florence,
tine. from whose heirs passed to Pitti carried to ;

CHRIST, FLAGELLATION OF. See Paris in 1799 returned in 1815. Engraved ;

Flaijellation. by I. Bonajuti, J. Felsing. Gal. du Pal.

CHRIST AFTER FLAGELLATION, Pitti, i. PL 33 ; Landon, Musee, x. PI. 11.

Velasquez, Sir John Savile Lumley, H. B. M. By Garofalo, Ferrara Gallery ; wood, H.

Minister at Brussels three figures, full ;
5 ft. 11 in. x 4 ft. 2 in. Christ praying on

length, life size. Christ seated on ground a hillock in the garden of Gethsemnne, with
with wrists attached by a long cord to a the three apostles sleeping at the foot in ;

column on left a ray of light proceeds from background, Judas coming with soldiers.
;

Painted for the church of the suppressed

his head to the heart of a child who, attend-
ed by an angel kneels behind him ; instru- convent of S. Silvestro, Ferrara. Vasari, ed.
ments of the Passion on the ground. Pur- Mil., vi. 465 Cat. Ferrara Gal. ;

chased in Madrid, carried to England about By Guido Reni, Louvre copper, H. 1 ft. ;

I860. Curtis, 7. 10 in. x 1 ft. 5 in. Christ kneeling in prayer

CHRIST IN THE GARDEN, Marco Ba- on a rock, while an angel, holding a cross
saili,Venice Academy wood, H. 7 ft. 3 in. and borne on a cloud, presents him the chal-
;

x 2 ft.; signed, dated 1510. Christ, kneeling ice above, other angels with instruments I

on a hillock, at the foot of which the apostles of the Passion in background, to right, the ;

are sleeping, receives the chalice from an apostles asleep in distance, Judas guiding ;

angel foreground, a portico, at the sides of the soldiers. Belonged to Cardinal Mazarin;
;
!

which stand SS. Louis, Francis, Mark, and after his death given by Due de Mazarin to '

Dominic. Painted for S. Giobbe, Venice. the Duchesse de Chevreuse, from whom i

A very noble picture. C. & C., N. Italy, i. bought by Louis XTV. in 10G8. Engraved
263. by Falck. Landon, Musee, xii. PI. 22.
By Apsley House, England
C'oi-reggio, ; By Andrea Mantegna, Baring Collection,
wood, H. 1x 1 ft. 4 in. Jesus kneel- London signed.
ft. 2 in. Christ kneeling before ;

ing in the foreground, with an angel hover- five angels bringing him the symbols of the
ing over him the sleeping disciples and Passion apostles asleep in foreground hi
;
j
; ;

Judas with soldiers in background. Painted middlegrouud, Judas and Roman soldiers I

probably about 1525 formerly in Royal following him background, a rocky laud-
; \
;

887
 CHRIST

scape with a city. Painted about 1549. ures half life-size. Christ, kneeling, looks to
Formerly in Fesch and Comngham galleries. where an angel is descending,
the left,

C. & C., N. Italy, i. 382 ; Waagen, Treas- while Peter and the sons of Zebedee sleep
ures, ii. 178. on the grass. Painted in 1562 for Philip
By Johann
Friedrich Overbeck, Hamburg of Spain placed in the Sala Prioral of H ;

Hospital canvas, H.
;
11 ft. x 7 ft. The Savi- the Escorial, where it became nearly ruined
our kneeling, his head bowed in anguish, from neglect. Imitation of similar picture
his hands raised in ecstasy; below, the three by Correggio, now at Apsley House, Eng-
disciples lying asleep above, in a glory amid
;
land. C. & C., Titian, ii. 320.

clouds, an angel bearing the cross. Atkin- Subject treated also by Giotto, Uffizi, Flor-
son, 63. ence Gentile da Fabriano, Cluuy Museum ;
;

By Pietro Perugino, Florence Academy Garofalo, National Gallery, London Brusa- ; ;

wood, H. 4 ft. x 4 ft. 3 in. Christ kneeling sorci, Louvre ; Schidone, Lyons Museum ;
in prayer while an angel brings the cup the Daniele Crespi, Berlin Museum Annibale ; ;

three apostles asleep in foreground, and Ju- Carracci, Madrid Museum Anton van Dyck, ;

das bringing the soldiers in background. ib. ; Chimenti da Empoli, ib. Juan de Juanes, ;

Painted in 1495 for the convent of the Ge- ib. ;

Fr. Trevisani, Dresden Gallery Lan- ;

suiti,Florence, as a companion to the Field franco, Munich Gallery Leandro Bassano, ;

of Florence Academy. Engraved by Chios- Venice Academy Jacopo Bassano, ; ib. ; Mu-
sone. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 573 ;
C. &
Memling, Liibeck Cathedral C., rillo, Louvre ; ;

Italy, iii. 199 Gall, dell'

; Accad. di Firenze, Wohlgemuth, Munich Gallery Lucas Cra- ;

PI. 52. nach, Berlin Museum, Vienna Museum; Adri-

By Raphael, Stanstead House, Sussex, an van der Werf, Munich Gallery Hans ;

Eng.; wood, H. 2 ft. x 2 ft. 3 in. Christ Burgkmair, Augsburg Gallery Eugene De- ;

kneels upon a hillock, against which lean lacroix (Salon, 1827) Ary Scheffer (Salon, ;

the three sleeping disciples above, at left, 1839); Theodore Chasseriau (Salon, 1844);
;

an angel descending with the cup in dis- M. de Eudder (Salon, 1863). ;

tance, at right, Judas with six soldiers back- CHEIST IN GLORY, AND SAINTS, ;

ground, a landscape with hills and a town. Domenico Ghirlandajo, Palazzo Pubblico,
Painted for Duke Guidobaldo of Urbino Volterra. Christ, in a glory of angels, gives
about 1504. Formerly in Palazzo Gabrielli, a blessing from the heavens below, SS. ;

Home, whence stolen in 1820, and sold for Romualdo and Benedict stand looking up-
40 scudi but recovered and sold to the ward, and SS. Attinia and Greciniana kneel
;

Woodburns for 4000 scudi bought from in ecstasy in right corner, a Camaldolen-
; ;

Coningham Collection by Mr. Maitland of sian monk at prayer. Painted about 1486
Stanstead House for 787. Engraved by by order of Lorenzo de' Medici for the
L. Grtiner for German edition of Passavant, Badia or Abbey of S. Giusto, Volterra. In-
PI. x. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 323 ; Passavant, jured by restoring in oil. Engraved (1583)
ii. 20 ; Waagen, Treasures, iii. 4. by Diana Ghisi. Vasari, ed. Mil., iii. 273 ;

By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice ;

1

C. & C., Italy, 487. ii.

canvas. The most hastily painted of all the CHEIST THE GOOD SHEPHERD,
S. Eocco represented Murillo, Baron Rothschild, Gunnersbury,
pictures. Christ
sleeping, the angel with the cup appearing near London canvas, H. 5 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 6 ;

to him as a dream James and John also in. The Saviour, about six years old, wear-
;

asleep, and Peter wakening and turning his ing a sheepskin garment, standing, with a
head toward Judas approaching with the crook in his hand, looking up on his right, ;

troop. Euskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 337. a sheep lying down on his left, two ;

By Titian, Escorial, Spain canvas, fig- sheep standing, his hand on the head of
;
 CHRIST
one background, landscape. Painted about H. 3 ft. 2 in. x 4 ft 3 in. Christ, on tho
;

1665-70 sold, with its companion St. John steps of the house of Jairus, has his robe
;

and the Lamb (National Gallery, London), touched by a woman, who, when he turns
at Comte de la Guiche sale (1771), 12,999 toward her, falls on her knees she is sup- ;

livres Marquis;
de Presle sale (1779); Ro- ported by two women behind them are ;

bit sale (1801), to Sir Simon Clarke, 4,200 several sick and lame persons, and behind
;

Sir Simon Clarke sale (1840), the St. John Christ are several disciples. GoL de Vi-
was bought for 2,100 by Lord Ashburton, enne, i. PI. 44.
who gave it to the National Gallery, the CHRIST IN HOUSE OF HIS PAR-
Good Shepherd for 3,045 by Baron Roths- ENTS, John Everett Miltaix, Frederick
child. Engraved by Cooper, Mile. Duclos, Arthur Beer, London canvas. Sometimes ;

J. Heath, J. C. Armytage, C. Virten, It called the Carpenter's Shop represents ;

Graves, and others. Repetition Earl of Joseph in his shop working with another
:

Wemyss, Gosford Hall,

East Lothian, Perthshire.
Copy by Grimoux, Duch-
ess of Bridgewater (?).

Curtis, 185.
By Murillo, Comte Hen-
ride Greffuhle, Paris can- ;

vas, H. 1 ft 11 in. x 1 ft
4 in. The Saviour, a crook
in his left hand, walking
front, resting his hand on
the head of one of two
sheep on his right ;
on his
left, another sheep run-
ning ; background, land-
scape. Presented by
Queen Isabella to M. Gui-
zot for bringing about the
Christ in House of Jairus, Paolo Veronese, Vienna Muteu
marriage of her sister to
the Due de Montpensier ;
sold in 1874 for half-clad carpenter ;
in foreground, Jesus
120,000 fr. Curtis, 186. shows to his mother, who kneels to kiss
By Murillo, Madrid Museum
canvas, H. him, a wound in his hand, made by a nail
;

4 ft x 3 Saviour, about seven which Elizabeth, who stands in background,

ft. 3 in. The
years old, wearing a red tunic and a sheep- reaches forward to pull out with a pair of
skin garment, with ci-ook in hand, seated, pincers ; at right, the infant John, with
his left hand on the back of a lamb be- water in a bowl in background, left, sheep
; ;

hind him, a rock, a broken cornice, and a look in at open door. Painted in 1849 ex- ;

fluted column. From Isabel Faniese Col- hibited at Royal Academy, 1850, \inder fol-
lection. Repetition Don Manuel Lopez lowing title: "And one shall say unto him,
:

Cepero, Seville. Etched by Waltner litho- What are these wounds in thine hands?
;

graphed by J. Abrial, A. Lemoine, Lafosse. Then he shall answer, Those with which I
Curtis, 186; Gaz. des B. Arts, Feb., was wounded in the house of my friends."
1875. Madrozo, 473. (Zech. xiii. 6.) Engraved by Thos. Brown,
CHRIST IN HOUSE OF JAIRUS, in Art Journal Art Journal (1850), 175 ;

Paolo Veronese, Vienna Museum ; canvas, (1883), 92.

 CHRIST
CHRIST, INFANT, Murillo, Matthias seppe Bossi and taken to Milan. It is in
H. Arnot, Elmira, N. Y. ; canvas, H. 2 ft. 1 Mantegna's grandest style. C. & C., N.
in. x 1 ft 8 Infant Christ, sleeping, Italy, i. 394
in.

holding a crook, with a skull and a scroll CHRIST ;

AND THE MONEY CHAN-
in background, angels guarding sheep. GERS, Jakob JordaenK, Louvre, Paris; canvas,
Duke of Hamilton sale (1882), 2,415. In- H. 9 ft. 6 in. x 14 ft. 4 in. At right, Christ
correctly called St. John Baptist by Waagen. armed with a scourge in centre, a confused ;

Waagen, Treasures, iii. 301 Curtis, 248. group, among which are an ass, a dog bark-
;

CHEIST GIVING KEYS TO PETER, ing, a sheep, a young man with his bench
Guido Hem, Louvre canvas, H. 11 ft. 3 in. overturned, and a woman suckling her
;

X 10 ft. 2 in. At left, surrounded by Apos- child at left, a negro holding an ass and ;

tles, Christ gives keys of Church to the an old woman putting birds into a cage ;

kneeling Peter. In Guide's second manner. in background, publicans and other figures.
From Musee Napoleon. Landon, Vies, Villot, Cat. Louvre.
xxii. PI. 10. Subject treated also by Francesco Bassa-
CHRIST AND THE MAGDALEN. See no, Dresden Museum Jacopo Bassano,
;

Noli me tangere. National Gallery, London, Madrid Museum ;

CHRIST AND THE MAGDALEN, Rem- Peter Bassin, St. Petersburg Academy.
brandt, Buckingham Palace ; wood, H. 2 CHRIST HEALING THE PARALYTIC,
ft.X 1 ft. 8 in.; signed, dated 1638. Christ, or Christ at Pool of Bethesda, Anton van
as a gardener, in a white robe and straw
hat, with a spade in his hand, is worshipped
by Mary Magdalen, at dawn of morning ;

in background, the entrance to the sepul-

chre, in which two angels are seen in dis- ;

tance, two approaching. Pur-

disciples
chased (1736) by Elector of Hesse Cassel of
Mad. de Reuver taken in 1806 to Malmai- ;

son at M. sale (1816) taken to England,

;

where bought by George IV. Waagen, Art

Treasures, ii. 5 ; Smith, vii. 44.

Subject treated also by Lorenzo di Credi,

Uffizi, Florence Agnolo Bronziuo, Louvre ; ;

Fr. Albani, Simone Cantarini, Munich

ib. ;

Gallery ;
Onorio Marinari, S. M. Maggiore,
Florence Lavinia Fontana, Uffizi, ib. Giro
; ;

Ferri, Vienna Museum Fr. Bassano, Dres- Christ Healing the Paralytic, Murillo, Orwell Park.
;

den Gallery Aug. Brauu, ib. Jan van Ma- Dyck, Buckingham Palace canvas, H. 3 ft.
; ; ;

buse, Brussels Museum Mariotto Alberti- 10 in. x 4 ft. 9 in. ; Five figures, life-size,
nelli, Louvre Eustace Lesueur, ib.
; seen to knees. The paralytic, restored, is
CHRIST AND THE MARYS, Andrea bending in adoration before Christ, in cen-
Mantegna, Brera, Milan wood, tempera, H. tre of the group on his left, John on his
; ; ;

2 ft. 2 in. X 2 ft. 8 in. The dead Christ be- right, two other
disciples. Long attributed
wailed by the Marys. Painted before 1474. to Rubens, and sold as his work for 3,700
Long in Palazzo Gonzaga, Mantua, whence florins at Brussels in 1758 Verhulst sale ;

carried off in 1630 by Bishop of Mantua in under Van Dyck's name, 4,777 fl.:
; (1779),
Cardinal Mazarin's palace in Rome in 1696 ;
Panvels sale (1803), 11,666 fl.; Van Alpen
bought, beginning of this century, by Giu- sale (1810), 19,200 fl.; La Fontaine sale

290
 CHRIST
(1811), .3,300. Copy in Munich Gallery.A very interesting picture, best
canvas.
Engraved by P. tie Jode ;
seen on a dark day, when the white figure of
C. de Mechel.
Smith, iii. 21, 70 ; Guiffrey; Gal. de Dtlssel- Christ looks almost like a spirit the Pilate ;

dorf. is very mean, perhaps intentionally, and the

MuriUo, Geo. Tomline, Orwell Park, passionate action of the scribe in lifting his
By
Suffolk canvas, H. 7 ft. 8 in. X 8 ft. 5 in. hand to dip the pen into the ink-horn is af-
;
!

Christ, standing in centre, with three dis- fected and overstrained. Ruskin, Stones of
ciples on his right, puts forth his hand to Venice, iii. 352.
raise the paralytic, who, stretched on the by Michael Wohlge-
Subject treated also
ground, with a crutch, a jar, and a dish be- nuith, Liverpool Gallery Benedetto Cagli- ;

side him, implores his aid on right, a dog ari, Venice Academy Luigi Benfatto, S.
; ;

approaches the pool ; in middle distance, J

Luca, Venice.
many figures grouped in porch of a temple ; !
CHRIST AT POOL OF BETHESDA.
above, the angel ascending. Companion to See Christ Healing the Paralytic.
Prodigal Son's Return, Stafford House. CHRIST, RESURRECTION OF. See
Painted in 1670-74 for Hospital of La Car- Resurrection.
idad carried off by Marshal Soult sold to
; CHRIST AND ST. JOHN, Murillo, Ma-
;

Mr. Toinliiie (1846), 160,000fr. Engraved drid Museum canvas, H. 3 ft. 5 in. x 4 ft. ;

by T. Vernon. Considered by Waagen to The Infant Jesus, standing on left, gives

be the " finest Murillo in England." Cur- water in a shell to St. John, who kneels, ]

tis, 192 ;
C.Bermudez, Carta, 74 ; Stirling, holding a cross in his left hand ;
on left, a
ii. 852 ; Waagen, iii. 440. lamb lying above, three cherubs ; back-
;

CHKIST SHOWN TO THE PEOPLE, j ground, landscape. From Isabel Farnese

See Ecce Homo. Collection. Engraved by Ledoux litho- ;

CHRIST AND THE PHARISEES. See graphed by V. Camaron, Lafosse, Mile. As-
!

Tribute Money. selinau. Sometimes called Los Minos de la

CHRIST BEFORE PILATE, Gerard Concha (Children of the Shell). Dohme ;

Honthorst, Stafford House, London. Christ Curtis, 188 Madrazo, 473. !

with hands bound, standing at right in an CHRIST WITH SAINTS, Tintoretto, S. j

interior, is interrogated by Pilate, who is M. Zobenigo, Venice canvas, H. about 10 ;

seated behind a table, on which are books, ft x 8 ft. Christ descending from clouds
an inkstand, and a candle, the light of which between SS. Justina and Augustine, who
illumines the faces of both in background, are kneeling on the sea-shore.
;
Displays
right, several soldiers ; left, two attendants. little power except in general harmony of
Painted at Rome for Prince Giustiniani. colours. Ruskiu, Stones of Venice, iii. 362 ;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise. Zanotto, 174

By Mihail Munkacsy, Paris. Christ stand- CHRIST AND SAMARITAN WOMAN,
ing before Pilate, who is seated at right upon Guido Reni, Louvre canvas, H. 1 ft. 11 in. ;

a dais, in a vaulted chamber, into which the x 2 ft. 8 in. The woman of Samaria, stand-
rabble are pressing with threatening cries ing at right, with a vase or pitcher in her
and gestures a Roman soldier is keeping hand, listens to Christ, who sits leaning on
;

them back from the Saviour with his spear the curbstone of the well in distance, city
; ;

near Pilate, who appears much perplexed, of Samaria. Collection of Louis XIV. En-
are several Rabbis. Engraved by A. Mon- graved by L. Fabri. Musle Royal, i. Fil- ;

gin. Etched (1883) by C. Waltner. Acad., hol, i. PL 3 Landon, Musee, iii. PL 16 ; ;

May 6, 1882, 328 Gaz. des B. Arts (1881), Ch. Blanc, ficole bolonaise.
;

xsiv. 139.
Subject treated also by Annibale Carracci,
By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice Brera, Milan Guido lieui, Louvre Lorenzo
; ; ;
 CHRIST

Lippi, Vienna Museum ; Biliverti, ib. ; Paolo he healed them." (Matt. xxi. 14.) Christ
Veronese, ib.; Annibale Carracci, ib. ;
Phi- standing, with his disciples and many Jews
lippe de Champagne, Caen Museum also by behind him ; ;
in foreground, the sick being

Bonifazio, Noel Coypel, Gaspard cle Grayer, brought in to be cured. Painted for the
Garofalo, G. Gimiguani, Ulrich Mayer, Nic- Friends' Hospital in Philadelphia, but sold
olas Poussin, Bernardo Strozzi, Federigo for 3,000 guineas to the Directors of the
Zucchero, Alphonse Periu (Salon, 1827), British Institute, who presented it (1826) to
Charles Chasselat (Salon, 1838), Jules Jolli- the National Gallery. West sent a copy to
vet (Salon, 1839), J. Bellel (Salon, 1841), Philadelphia. Engraved by C. Heath ; in
Auguste Leloir (Salon, 1844), C. de Baltha- small by T. Phillibrown for Jones's National
sar (Exposition Universelle, 1855),W. Cooper Gallery. Cat. Nat Gal.
(Exposition Universelle, 1855), Theodore CHEIST IN THE TEMPLE. See Christ
Maillot (Salon, 1863). among the Doctors.

Christ Healing the Sick, Benjamin West, National Gallery, London.

CHEIST, SEPAEATION OF, Paolo Vero- CHBIST CLEARING THE TEMPLE.

nese, Pitti, Florencecanvas, H. 3 ft. x 2 ft. See Christ and the Money Changers.
;

2 in. Christ taking leave of his mother before CHRIST, TEMPTATION OF, Tintoretto,
the Passion, in the presence of the Magdalene Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice canvas. Christ ;

and Martha. The wife of Zebedee stands at and Satan on the mountain. The picture
top of the steps leading into the palace, in owes great part of its effect to the lustre of
front of which the Virgin sits. Engraved by the jewels in the armlet of the latter, and
Lasinio. Gal. du Pal. Pitti, ii. PI. 26. to the beautiful colours of his wings. Rus-
CHRIST HEALING THE SICK, Benja- kin, Stones of Venice, iii. 341.
min West, National Gallery, London Subject treated also by Sandro Botticelli,
;
can-
vas, H. 9 ft. x!4 ft. "And the blind and Sistine Chapel Perugino, Sala del Incen- ;

the lame came to Mm in the temple, and dio, Vatican J. Kdnig, Poinmersfelden Gal-
;
 CHRIST
whom
'

lery ;Jan Brueghel Gerard cle Lairessc

; ; rounded by seven men, one of is
M. T. Schmidt (1760) Martin de Vos Ary
; ; presenting him a reed, while another fixes
Scheffer; Edouard Berlin (Salon, 1841) Fe- ;
a crown of thorns upon his head. Carried
lix de Boischevalier (Salon, 1844) C. T. ;
to Paris,and restored in 1815. Engraved
Lecomte (Salon, 1861). i

by Bolswert J. Falck Cl. Drevet Campi-

; ; ;

CHRIST CROWNED WITH THORNS, j

on lithographed by Regnier (1840). Copy
;

Michelangelo da Caravaggio, Hermitage, St. in Madiid Museum. Smith, iii. 36 Guif- ;

Petersburg. Two figures half-length. Christ frey.

j

seated, crowned with thorns, and holding By Guercino, Munich Gallery canvas, H. ;

a reed in his bound hands behind him an 3 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 9 in. Figures half-length;
;

executioner, who opens his mouth as if cry- Christ, with hands bound, holding the reed ;

ing out. Lithographed by H. Robillard. at right, a soldier in armour, pressing the

Gal. Imp. de 1'Hennitage, 1845. crown upon his head at left, a priest. ;

By Lodovico Carracci, Bologna Gallery ; Lithographed by F. Piloty. Pinac. Mdn-

canvas, H. 8 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 2 in. Christ chen.
seated in a dungeon, his hands bound be- By Andrea
Solaria, Liitschena, near Leip-
sic canvas on panel, H. 2 ft. 4i in. x 1 ft.
;

8 in.; signed. Christ, with fettered hands,

a rope around the neck, and the crown of
thorns. Bought from the Friesische Samm-
lung, Vienna. C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 57.

By Titian, Louvre ; wood, H. 10 ft. x5 ft.

(
11 in.; signed. Christ struggling on steps
of the prison, over gateway of which is a
bust of Tiberius ;
his arms, bound at the

wrists, held by kneeling soldier, while two

men with long reeds press the crown of
thorns on his head. Painted about 1553 ;

probably taken in 1559 by Orazio Vecelli to

Milan, where it adorned S. M. delle Grazie
until removed to France beginning of this

century. Duplicate in Venice Academy. En-

graved by L. Scaramuccia V. Lefebre Re- ; ;

bault C. & C., Titian, ii. 264 Filhol, vii. ;

PL 457 Landon, Musee, iv. PL 71 Mus6e

; ;

i.
franyais,
By Titian, Munich Gallery ; canvas, H. 8
ft. 7 J in. x 5 ft. 7 in. Differs in some re-
Chnst Crowned with Thorns, Anton van Dyck, Berlin Museum.
spects from the picture in the Louvre, the
fore him, with three executioners pressing |
scene being laid in the gloom of a passage,
the crown of thorns upon his head in back- ; lighted by a hanging lamp. Supposed to be
ground, two soldiers and a priest. Painted i
the picture given about 1571 by Titian to Tin-
for Church of the Certosa, Bologna. En- toretto, who preserved it in his studio, and
graved by I. Trabalesi ; G. Tomba. Pinac. soldby Domeuico Tintoretto to a foreigner.
di Bologna, PL 66. Adaptation of it by Rubens, in Berlin Mu-
By Anton van Dyck, Berlin Museum can- ; seum, and one by Van Dyck in Madrid Mu-
vas, H. 8 ft 6 in. x 6 ft. 7 in. The Saviour, |
si 'i nn. Ridolfi, Maraviglie, L 270 ; C. & C.,
with hands bound, seated in a prison, sur- Titian, ii. 399.

293
 CHRIST

Subject treated also by Michelangelo

da CHKIST, TRANSFIGURATION OF. See
Caravaggio, Munich Gallery Marten van ; Transfiguration.
Heemskirck, Nuremberg Gallery. CHRIST OF THE TRIBUTE MONEY.
CHKIST AT THE TOMB, Henri Levy, See Tribute Money.
Paris. The body of Christ lies upon a flat CHRIST APPEARING TO VIRGIN,
stone covered with a black pall, the right Guido Reni, Dresden Gallery canvas, H. :

11 ft. 6 in. x 8 ft. 1 in. Christ, standing,

attended by an angel, bearing the banner
of Redemption, and followed by two dis-

ciples with clasped hands, appears to the

Virgin, who kneels at left ; behind her, in
background, is St. Charles Borromeo, an
angel, Adam, and Eve above, angels with
;

palms. From Modena Gallery. Engraved

by N. Tardieu. Gal. Roy. de Dresde, i. PL
22.

By Titian, S. Maria, Medole ; canvas, H. 9

ft. xG f t. 6 in. Meeting of Mary and Christ
after the Ascension the Virgin, kneeling on ;

the clouds, raises her hands in surprise as

Christ, hi grave-clothes, shows her the stig-
mata behind him are Adam, Eve, and two
;

patriarchs. Painted in 1554, and presented

by Titian to the church when his nephew
became canon damaged by its concealment
;

in a tomb during French Revolution unsuc- ;

cessfully restored in 1862. C. & C., Titian,

ii. 240.

CHRISTENSEN, GODFRED, born in

Copenhagen, July 23, 1845. Landscape
painter pupil of Copenhagen Academy
;

under Kiaerschou, where he won prizes

in 1865 and 1871, went in 1873 to Paris,
where he was much influenced by the col-
ouris. Member of Copenhagen Academy in
Christ Crowned with Thorns, Titian, Louvre.
1881. Works: Beech Tree (1865); Zealand
arm hanging down, the hand touching a Landscape (1870) Fenn in North Zealand ;

copper dish in which are the nails and a (1871) Highway with Willows (1873); Him-
;

cloth stained with blood, and beside which

melbjerget (1880), Copenhagen Gallery.
is the crown of thorns ;
at the head
an Sigurd Miiller, 61; Weilbach, 111.
sits

angel, partly covered with violet drapery, CHRISTIAN See Martyr. MARTYR
who holds a trumpet in his right and raises CHRISTIAN PARNASSUS. See Triumph
with his left hand the pall at the foot, a of Religion in Arts.
;

second angel, in a purple tunic, is bent in CHRISTINA, ST., GLORIFICATION

grief over the Saviour's feet. Salon, 1873. OF, Vincenzo Catena, S. M. Mater Domini,
Etched by Charles Waltner. Gazette des Venice wood, arched at top. Christ, on ;

B. Arts (1873), viii. 42 Larousse, xvi.

;
(Sup.), high, gives a blessing to the Saint kneeling
535. on a cloud at his feet below, in a landscape, ;

S!>4
 CIIRISTOrilSEX
St. Christina looking up to heaven, surround- Crisostomo, Venice canvas, life-
1
; figures
ed by angels bearing the instruments of her i size. The attended by one of the
Saint,
martyrdom. A very lovely example of the fathers, is seated in front of a palace, cor-
Venetian religious school, but marked by recting a book of homilies on his knee on ;

want of originality. Painted in 1520 for the one side SS. Mary Magdalen, Catherine and
church where it still hangs. Buskin, Stones Agnes; on the other, SS. John Baptist and
of Venice, iii. 312 C. & C., N. Italy, i. 251 Liberale background, rich
; ; ;
landscape.
Burckhardt, 601. Painted in Venice in 1513 ascribed to Gio. ;

CHRISTOPHSEN, PETER See Grist us, Bellini by Burckhardt. C. & C., N. Italy,
Petrus. ii. 312; Eosini, v. 224; Vasari, ed. Mil,
CHEISTUS CONSOLATOR, Ary Schef- v. 566 Burckhardt, 597 Kugler (Eastlake),
; ;

far, Fodor Collection, Amsterdam ; canvas, j

ii. 512.
H. 6 ft. x 8 ft. Illustration of Luke iv. 18. CHURCH, FREDERIC EDWIN, born
Christ seated clouds, with his arms at Hartford,
upon i
Conn.,
extended, offers consolation to the poor, the May 4, 1826. Land-
blind, the broken-hearted, and those in cap- scape painter ,
; pupil
tivity. Salon, 1837 ; purchased by Due of Thomas Cole at
d'Orleans his sale (1853), 52,500
; fr. to M. Catskill, N. where
Y.,
Fodor. Engraved by Henriquel Dupout. his first pictures were
Ch. Blanc, Ecole franyaise Gaz. des B. Arts painted.
; Elected N. A.
(1874), x. 565 Larousse, iv. 214.
; in 1849. Made sketch-
CHRISTUS REMTJNERATOR, Ary Sclief- ing tours South in
fer. Christ, standing, turned a little toward America in 1853 and
the right, his feet bare, extends his arms 1857 later, on coast
;

toward the good and the repentant sinners, of Labrador and in Jamaica, and in 1868
Painted in 1847. Engraved by A. Blan- visited Europe and the Holy Land. Medal,
chard. Larousse, iv. 214. 2d class, Paris, 1867. Studios in New York
CHRYSEIS, RETURN OF, Clau.de Lor- and in Hudson. Visited Mexico in 1883.
rain, Louvre, Paris canvas, H. 3 ft. 11 in.
; Works Andes of Ecuador (1855), William
:

x 5 ft. Chryseis, or more properly Asty- H. Osborn, New York; The Great Fall Niag-
'
j

nome, daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo, ara (1857), Corcoran Gallery, Washington ;

had been taken prisoner by Achilles and ad- j

Heart of the Andes (1859), David Dows,
judged to Agamemnon, who was obliged by New York Icebergs (1861), Sir Edward
;

the anger of Apollo to restore her to her Watkius, '

London Cotopaxi (1862), Lenox ;

father. (Homer, II., i.

ship in
10, 378). The Library, New York Chimborazo (1864), ;

which Ulysses has brought her lies in the William H. Osborn, ib. St. Thomas in the ;

port in foreground, sailors land goods, and Vale Jamaica (1866), Mrs.
; Samuel Colt,
at left, animals for sacrifice; in second plane, Hartford, Conn.;
Niagara (1866), Mrs. A. T.
!

left, an Ionic temple, on the peristyle of '<

Stewart, New York Damascus (1869),

; Will-
which Chryses, surrounded by attendants, Rainy Season in
,
iam Walter Phelps, ib.;
is receiving his
daughter. Liber Veritatis,
the Tropics (1870), Mrs. M. O. Roberts, ib.;
No. 80. Painted for Prince de Liancourt,Jerusalem (1870), T. M. Allyn, Hartford ;

from whom acquired by Louis XTV. En- The Parthenon (1871), M. K. Jesup, New
graved by D. Barriere (1654). Pattison, York El Khasna Petra (1872), Mrs. F. E. ;

Claude Lorraiu, 59, 241; Villot, Cat Church, ib.; Tropical moonlight (1874),
Louvre. William H. Osborn, ib.; ^gean Sea U875),
i

CHRYSOSTOM, ST. JOHN, MAJESTY William H. Osborn, ib.; Valley of Santa

OF, Sebastian del Piombo, S. Giovanni Ysabel (1875), John Buckingham, Chicago
.
;

S95
 CHURCH
El Ayn (The Fountain, 1876) Syria by the ;
ofSceaux (1857) The Angel can Sleep, The
;

Angel W atches, Environs of Sceaux, First

T
Sea (1876), James F. Joy, Detroit Morning ;

in the Tropics (1877), William E. Dodge, Days of May (1859) Landscape at Aulnay,
;

Jr., New York The Monastery (1878), Hurl-

;
Chartreux Convent at Sceaux (1861); Val-
but Collection, Cleveland, O. Valley of Santa ley of the Brevre, Cliffs at Treport, The
;

Marta (1879), Charles Parsons, St. Louis. Sarthe (1863) Whirlpool near Seineport ;

CHURCH, F. S., born at Grand Rapids, (1864), Luxembourg Museum Soisy-on-the- ;

Mich., in 1842. Animal painter pupil of Ecole (1865), Valley of Sceaux, View near
;

the National Academy and of the Chicago Beaulieu (1866); View at Rochefort (1867);
Academy. Paints in oil and water-colour, Gravel-Pit, Environs of Paris (1868); Woods
and draws in black and white. Elected an of Meudon, Chestnut- trees (1869); Vision of
A.N.A. in 1885. Member of Society of Ezekiel, Environs of Sevres (1874). La-
American Artists. Studio in New York. rousse L'Art (1877), viii. 24. ;

Works in oil Mad as March Hares

: CIENNI DA FIRENZE. See Cennini. ;

Weirdness Solo Sea Princess Back from

; ; CIGALE, LA (The Grasshopper), Jules
;

the Beach (1879); Muskrat's Nest (1880); Joseph Lefebure, D. Catlin, St. Louis can- ;

Foggy Day (1881) Willing Captive (1883). vas, H. 8 ft. x 3 ft. Illustration of La Fon-
;

Water-Colours: Hard Times; Chilly Day taine's fable. Female figure, full length,
(T. B. Clarke, New York); Foraging Party nude, standing, biting her fingers and pout-
;

Elfin Tandem Phantom Ostrich Dance ing as the first breeze of autumn whistles.
; ; ;
j

Awkward Squad Pandora, King's Flamin-

; Art Treasures of America, iii. 55.
goes (1884); Peacocks in the Snow (1885). CIGNANI, CARLO, Count, born in Bo-
CIBOT, (FRANCOIS) EARTH ELEMY logna, May 15, 1628,
(MICHEL EDOUARD), born in Paris, died at Forli, Sept.
Feb. 11, 1799, died there, Jan. 10, 1877. 6, 1719. Bolognese
French school ; genre painter, pupil of school of an ancient
;

Guerin, of Picot, and of F-cole des Beaux Bolognese family ;

Arts. Painted also historical subjects, most noted pupil of

landscapes, and portraits, and executed fres- Albani afterward
;

cos in the Church of St. Leu. Medals 2d : studied works of Cor-

class, 1836 ;
1st class, 1843, 1857, and 1863 ;
reggio and of Anni-
L. of Honour, 1863. Works Judith, Cam-
: bale Carracci. About
bray Museum ; Wounded Mother nurs- 1658 he painted for
ing Child, The Sybarites (1827); Christ Cardinal Famese, in the Palazzo Publi-
tempted by Satan, Incident in Life of Frede- co, Bologna, the two frescos representing
gonda, Louis XV. and Mile, de Humieres, the Entry of, Paul HI. into Bologna, and
Amours of the Angels, Chain Gang (1836); Francis I. of France healing Lepers. His
Indiscreet Visit, Diana painted by Jean most important work was the painting of
Goujon before Henri H, Little Conscripts, the cupola of the Cathedral at Forli,
Galileo at Notre Dame, Raphael and Peru- which occupied him nearly twenty years,
giuo, Young Married Woman, Regina Cceli the subject being the Assumption of the
(1846) Nativity, Charity, Valley of Fonte- Virgin.
; Works Infant Christ and St. :

nay-aux-Roses, Chestnut-Trees of Aulnay, A John, Mater Dolorosa, Palazzo Corsini,

Thicket (1855); Origin of the Sacred Heart, Rome Charity, Hermitage, St. Peters- ;

St. Luke, Paris Funeral of Godfrey de burg

; do., Turin Gallery Bacchus and ; ;

Bouillon, Victory of Raymond Dupuy, De- Erigone, Nero and the Body of his Mother,
fence of Beauvais, Versailles Museum Park Achilles and "Ulysses, Magdalen, Madonna,
;

at Orsay, Spring-Time, Summer, Environs Cassel

Gallery Chastity of Joseph, Dresden ;

296
 OIQNAEOLI
Gallery ;
Assumption, Infancy of Jupiter, works of Correggio and Barocci. Some-
Munich Gallery ;
Roman Charity, Madonna, times called the Correggio of Tuscany but, ;

Vienna Museum Death ;

of Cleopatra, Glas- though some of his works are Correggesque

gow GalleryVenus and Anchises, Berlin in feeling, he is in no wise to be compared

;

Museum ; Eve, Hague Museum with that great painter.

Adam and After executing
;

Joseph and Potiphar's Wife, Tarquin and many important works in Florence he went
Lucretia, Holy Family, Copenhagen Gallery to Rome, where he painted (1606) for St.
;

Magdalen, Dulwich Gallery. Cignani was Peter's the Lame Man healed by Peter, no
made a Count by the Duke of Parma, for longer extant, which Sacchi called the best
whom he work painted in Rome after Raphael's
decorated Transfiguration and Domenichino's Com-
a pavilion. munion of St. Jerome. Cigoli, who was a
good draughtsman and a pleasing colourist,
the found- delighted in powerful effects of light and
er of the shade. Some of his best works are Mar- :

Clemen- tyrdom of St. Stephen, Uffizi St. Francis, ;

tine Academy of Bologna. Among his pupils Ecce Homo, Pitti, Florence Flight into ;

were his son, Count Felice Cignani (1660- Egypt, St. Francis in Contemplation, and a
1724), an< l I" 8 nephew, Paolo portrait, Louvre David with Head of Go- ;

Cignani (1709-1764). Mal- liath, Tobias, Marriage of St. Catherine,

vasia, ii. 198 Lanzi, iii. 143; Circumcision, Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
;

Ch. Blanc, cole bolonaise Burckhardt, Ch. Blanc, ficole florentine

; Seguier, 40 ; ;

7C4, 772, 786. Burckhardt, 235, 766, 789, 793 ; Baldinucci,

CIGNAROLI, GIAMBETTINO, born at iii. 230.
Salo, near Verona, in 1706, died in Verona, j
CIMA DA CONEGLIANO, born in Fri-
Dec. 1, Venetian school
1770. history uli about 1460 ; ;

painter, pupil in Venice of Santo Prunato, according to Ri-

and of Balestra, and studied works of P. Ver- dolfi, lived till
onese and Correggio. Lived long in Ven- 1517, but the
ice was one of founders and in 1769 director latest
; genuine
of Verona Academy. Was
one of the best date on his pict-
of modern Venetian painters. Works ures is 1508. Ve- :

Death of Rachel, Venice Gallery replica, netian school. ;

Lille Museum Flight into Egypt, S. An- Real name Gio-

;

tonio Abbate, Parma St. Francis receiving vanni Battista

;

Stigmata, Church at Pontremoli; Triumph of da Conegliano ;

Poniponius, Verona Museum Transfigura- known in his time as II Conegliano, but in

;

tion, Verona Cathedral Madonna with and since the 17th century as Cima da C.
;

Saints, Vienna Museum Assumption, Ma- Settled in Venice, where he earned a well-
;

drid Museum. Bevilagna, Memorie della deserved celebrity as a composer of sacred

Vita di G. C. subjects. His early pictures are in tempera,
CIGOLI, LUDOVICO CARDI DA, born !
but he soon acquired the use of oils, and
at Cigoli, near Florence, Sept. 21, 1559, j
became one of the best of the Bellinesque
died in Rome, June 8, 1613. Florentine painters. While taking a place by Giovanni
school. Real name Cardi, but commonly Bellini's side, he shows some peculiarities
called after his native village pupil of Ales- ; which recall Antonello da Messina and he ;

sandro Allori and of Sauti di Tito, but \

has been called the Masaccio of the Vene-
formed his style chiefly from study of the tian school His favourite theme is the

S97
 CIMABTTE
Madonna with or without saints, to whom as it is incredible. Also the chapel in S. M.
he gives an air of calm contentment. Novella, where they are said to have painted,
Among his best works are : Madonna and is contemporary with the church which was
Saints (1492), Conegliano Duorno ; Madonna erected in 1279, when Cimabue was thirty-
with Saints, in the Louvre Baptism of nine years old. Cimabue's fame is due first
;

Christ, S. Giovanni, Bragora (1494) In- to his superior gifts, which enabled him to
;

credulity of Madonna with begin to cast off the fetters of Byzantinism

St. Thomas, ;

Saints, Venice Academy Madonna with second, to the fact that he was the master
;

Saints (2), Parma Gallery St. Mark curing of Giotto

;
and third, because his name is ;

Anianus, Berlin Museum St. Peter Martyr,

;
mentioned by Dante. His most certain work
Brera, Milan. Other examples in the gal- is his famous Madonna de' Rucellai in the
Capella Kucellai, S. M. Novella, which Charles
IOVANNESBAPTISTA'CONE*P of Anjou is said to have been taken to see

(1267), and for which the quarter of the

city where it was painted is said by Vasari
to have been named the Borgo Allegri, a
name given before 1301, but whether in
honour of the picture or not is uncertain.
The personage in a white and gold costume
painted by Simone di Martino in the Cap-
pella dei Spagnuoli, whose head we have
lerios of Modena, Munich, etc. C. & C., N. engraved, though designated by Vasari as
Italy, i. 232 ;
Ch. Blanc, Ecole venitienne ; Cimabue, is probably a French cavalier,
iii. 645, 6G3
Vasari, ed. Mil., Burckhardt, perhaps the so-called Duke of Athens, Wal-
;

82, 500
Lttbke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 545.
;
ter de Brienne, whilom tyrant of Flor-

CIMABUE, GIOVANNI, born in Flor- ence. Among the supposed works of Cima-
ence in 1240, |
bue are : Madonna with angels, Florence
died there Academy ;
Crucifix and a Madonna, sacris-
about 1302. ty, S. Croce Madonna with Angels, National
;

Florentine Gallery, London Madonna with Angels,

;

school of a Louvre
; mosaic, Saviour enthroned be-
;

noble Floren- tween the Virgin and St. John, properly

tine family, the called the Majesty, Duomo, Pisa ; frescos, S.
Cimabui pu- Francesco, Assisi,
; walls, left tran- on three
pil, according sept, and in choir,
!

Upper Church Evan- ;

to Vasari, of gelists, central ceiling of transept Four ;

certain Greek Doctors of the Church, ceiling near portal,

painters, called do.; colossal Madonna with Angels, west
to Florence by the government to revive side over altar of Crucifixion, south transept
painting, who worked in the Cappella de' wall, Lower Church. Vasari, ed. Mil., i.
Gondi of S. M. Novella, where Cimabue at- 247 ;
C. & C., Italy, i. 201 ; Seguier, 43 ;

tended school. But Florence had painters Burckhardt, 488, 494 ; Baldinucci, i. 21 ;

and miniaturists, such as Rustici (11GG), Lubke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 90.
Marchisello (1191), Fidauza (1224), and CIMABUE'S MADONNA, PROCESSION
Bartolommeo (1236), long before Cimabue's OF, Sir Frederick Leighton, Buckingham
birth, and a street called the Via de' Pittori, Palace, London. Cimabue's famous picture
which proves that the calling of Greek of the Madonna de' Rucellai carried in pro-
painters to restore art was as unnecessary cession through the streets of Florence to S.
 CIMON
M. Novella. In front of the Madonna walks the other a golden vase near her, upon a ;

Cimabue, crowned with laurels, with his table, are a vase and an open book with
pupil Giotto behind it, Arnolfo di Lapo, cabalistic characters.
; In Guerciuo's third
Gaddo Gaddi, Andrea Tafi, Nicolu Pisano, manner. Collection of Louis XTV. En-
Buffalmacco, and Simone Memmi in the ;

corner, Dante. Painted in Rome ;

R. Acad-
emy, 1855 purchased by the Queen.
; Univ.
Mag. (1879), iii. 51.
CIMON, Greek painter, of Cleonse, middle
of 5th century B.C. He developed the in-
ventions of Eumarux, and was the first to
give variety to attitude, to indicate the form
under drapery, and to draw the eyes cor-
rectly instead of following the old method,
as the Egyptians did. Pliny, xxxv. 34 [55];
Aelian, viii. 8.

CINCINNATO, ROMOLO, born in Flor-

ence in 1502, died about 1GOO. Florentine
school ; history painter, pupil in Rome of
Francesco Salviati invited to Spain by Philip
;

II. in 1567; painted there

many pictures in
oil and fresco for the Escorial and the Pa-

lazzo del Pardo. Works: Two pictures with St.

Jerome reading, St. Jerome preaching, two
scenes from lifeof St. Lawrence, Escorial ; Circe, Guercino, Louvre.

Circumcision (1572-73), Academy of S. Fer- graved by M. Gandolfi. Musee royal ;

Fil-
nando, Madrid ; Transfiguration, St. Peter, hol, ii. 80 Landon, Musee, vi. PI. 56.
;

St. Paul, St. Lawrence (fresco), Madrid CIRCE AND THE COMPANIONS OF
Academy Mythological
; subjects at Infan- ULYSSES, Briton Riviere, London ; canvas,
tado Palazzo, Guadalajara. His sons, Diego H. 2 ft. x 4 ft. The sorceress, having
Romolo (died in Rome, 1G25), and Francis- changed the companions of Ulysses into
co Romolo (died in Rome, 1635), were por- swine, sits at left on a raised floor under a
trait painters. Cean Bermudez. vine-clad wall, with her wand lying beside
CIONE. See Orcayna. her, calmly contemplating the pigs wallow-
CIRCE, Dosso Dossi, Palazzo Borghese, ing before her or seeking in vain to reach
Rome. The enchantress, in a purple and her platform. Painted in 1871. Engraved
gold robe, and with a rich turban, seated in by Stacpoole.
a forest landscape in her right hand she ; CIRCUMCISION, Federigo fiarocci,
holds a tablet with necromantic signs at Louvre canvas, H. 12 ft. 2 in. x 8 ft 3 in.
; ; ;

her feet are a magic circle, a coat of mail, a signed, dated 1580. The Child seated on
dog, and two birds near her, several swine the knees of one of the officers of the temple,
;

bound to a tree in distance, three knights with priests and assistants standing near
; ;

bivouacking on the grass. Kugler (East- behind, the Virgin and St. Joseph, kneeling ;

lake), ii. 488. above, two angels in adoration. Painted for

By Guercino, Louvre canvas, H. 4 ft. x oratory of the brotherhood of the Nome di
;

3 ft. 2 in. Wearing a turban ornamented Dio, Pesaro carried to Paris in 1799 given ; ;

with an aigrette and a diamond clasp on her in 1811 to church of Notre Dame, Paris ;

head, she holds in one hand a wand, and in placed in Louvre in 1862. Villot, Louvre.

SMI
 CIRCUS

By Giovanni Bellini, Castle Howard, Eng- later days of the empire. Six or seven four-
land ; wood, figures one-third life-size ; sign- horse chariotsare about to turn one of the metse
ed. Simeon stoops over the Child in the or goals, behind which, on the spina, is seen
arms of St. Joseph the Virgin and a male the obelisk now in the Piazza del Popolo; in
;

and female saint look on. Painted probably background, left, the Palace of the Caesars.
before 1486 formerly in Orleans Gallery. Photogravure in Art Treasures of America.
;

Art. Treas. of Amer., i. 24.

Copy, probably by Catena, in Leuchtenberg
Gallery, St. Petersburg another by Marco CIVEECHIO, VLNCENZO, called H For-
;

Belli in Museum of Kovigo a third at Gros- naso, bom at Crema before 1470, died after
;

venor House, London a fourth in Palazzo 1540. Lombard school pupil of Foppa, or
; ;

Doria, Rome, and others in Pavia, Vienna, of Bramantino the elder ; appears in 1493
and Venice. C. & C., N. Italy, i. 148; Meyer, as successor of Foppa, at Brescia, whence
Kiinst. Lex., iii. 416. sometimes called Vincenzo Bresciano. Spent
By Luca Signorelli, National Gallery, Lon- four years there in adorning the choir of the
don canvas, H. 8 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. signed. old cathedral, with now destroyed frescos.and
; ;

Altarpiece with ten figures, life-size in cen- was honoured with citizenship. About 1507
;

tre, before altar apse, the priest, looking up- he returned to Crema, where he painted the
ward. In the angles of the semicircular SS. Sebastian Eocco and Christoforo (1515),
picture are two circles with two prophets. in the Duomo, and (1526), fresco portraits
"
One of the most important pictures by of great citizens in the town-hall. His latest
this great master." Hamilton Palace sale authentic picture is the Baptism of Christ,
(1882), 3,150. Waagen, Art Treasures, iii. dated 1539, in the Tadiui collection, Louvre.
299 ; Cat. Ham. Pal. sale, 101; Richter, 48 ; C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 68 Waagen, Treas- ;

Art Journal (1883), 43, 177. ures, iii. 200 Ch. Blanc, Ecole milanaise ; ;

By Tintoretto, S. M. del Carmine, Venice. Burckhardt, 608, 610 Calin, Notizie, ii. ;

Euskin calls it a glorious Tintoret. Canotto 205.

says here Tintoretto imitated Andrea Schia- CIVETTA. See files, de. Hem
vone. Euskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 289 ; CLAASZ, PIETEE (Claesz van Haarlem),
Zanotto, 435. Dutch school, born at Steinfurt, Westphalia,
By Tintoretto, Eocco, Venice. about 1595 (?), died at Haarlem, buried Jan.
Scuola di S.

The High Priest kneeling with Christ in his 1, 1661. StiU-life painter, father of Claas
arms. " Next to the Adoration of the Magi, Berchem first mentioned as settled at Haar- ;

this picture is the most laboriously finished lem in 1617, when married. Works: Still-
of the 56 colossal pictures by Tintoretto in (1644), National Museum, Amsterdam life ;

the Scuola, and it is unquestionably the high- do. (3), Berlin Museum Others in Dresden ;

est existing type of the sublimity which

may (1624), Munich, Schleissheim, Schwerin, Cas-
be thrown into the treatment of accessories sel, and Bamberg Galleries, Wiirzburg Uni-
of dress and decoration." Euskin, Stones versity, Amalienstift, Dessau ; nine (1627-
of Venice, iii. 331.
53, attributed to Pietro Candido), Palazzo
Subject treated also by Luca Signorelli, Mansi, Lucca one (1630), Fitzwilliam Mu- |
;

Vatican, Eome School of Eembrandt, Ber- seum, Cambridge.

1

;
Academy (1882), xsii.
lin Museum Willem de Poorter, Cassel Gal- 302, 353
; Bode, Studien, 224 Gaz. des B. ; ;

lery; Marco Marziale, National Gallery, Lon- Arts (1883), xxvii. 183 Zeitschr. f. b. K, ;

don Lodovico Cigoli, Hermitage,

; St. Peters- xviii. 167.
burg Luis de Carbajal, ib.
; CLAEISSEN (Claessens), ANTONY,
CIECUS MAXIMUS, Jean Leon Gerime, born in Bruges about I 1550, died there in
Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York. A chariot 1613. Flemish school ; history painter son ;

race in the Circus Maximus, Eome, in the of Pieter the elder, said to be
;

pupil of Quen-
300
 CLAEISSEN
tin Matsys, and one of the most excellent in 1882. Works : Incident of the Conscrip-
artists of that period entered Bruges guild ; tion of 1813 (1866); Burning Varech in Brit-
in 1575, and was its dean in 1586, 1590, and tany, Robbers of Bay of Trepasses in Brit-
1601. Works Two
Scenes in Judgment of tany (1868); Volunteers of Liberty in Spain
:

Cambyses (Bruges Academy, ascribed by in 1868 (1869); Massacre of the Abencerragea

some to Gherardt David); Banquet of Magis- in Grenada, Arab Story-Teller in Tangiers
trates (1574), Mars surrounded by Fine Arts (1874); Moses the Sheik's Son (1878); Enter-

(1605), both in Town Hall, Bruges; Triptych

with Adoration of Shepherds, Triptych
with Descent from Cross (1609), Legends
from life of St. Bernard (all in Bruges Ca-
thedral) Consecration of Church in Rome,
;

Procession of Corpus Chri.sti (1599), Trip- 18 J 6

tych with Madonna, all in Notre Dame,
Bruges Members of Brotherhood of Holy ing the Harem, W. T. Walters, Baltimore
; ;

Sacrament, St. Jacob's, Bruges Last Sup- Froufrou, Women burning Varech (1882);
;

per (1595), St. Egidius, Bruges. Allgem. d. Moors in Spain after the Victory (1885); por-

Biogr., iv. 2G9 ; Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. traits ofSarah Bernhard, Mme. Kraus.
124 ; Michiels, v. 398 ; Nagler, Mon., i. 105, CLARA, ST., Velasquez, Dudley House,
119 Schnaase, Niederlilnd. Brief e, 331.
;
London EL 2 ft. 6 in. x 2 ft 1 in. Half-
;

CLAEISSEN, PIETER, the elcjer, born length, life-size, with a jewelled crown on
in Bruges in 1500, died there in 1576. Flem- her head, standing with a palm in her right
ish school history and portrait painter pu-
; ;
hand and a cup and saucer in her left
pil of Adriaan Bekaert admitted to guild ; Thought to be a portrait of Fraueisca,
of St. Luke in 1516, master in 1529, dean daughter of Velasquez, who married J. B.
in 1572. Works Knight kneeling with del Mazo. Probably picture sold at Sala-
:

Four Sons, Collection Prince of Orange, manca sale (1867) for 38,000 francs Ch.
Brussels male portrait, Copenhagen Gallery.
; Blanc, J5cole espagnole ;
Gaz. des B. Arts
Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 269. (1879) ; Curtis, 10.
CLAEISSEN, PIETER, the younger, born CLARA, ST., DEATH OF, Munllo, Dud-
in Bruges about 1545, died there, March 17, ley House, London canvas, H. 5 ft. 3 in. x ;

1612. Flemish school history painter 14 ft. 4 in. The dying Saint lying on a
; ;

brother of Anthony entered guild in 1570, pallet on left, surrounded by monks and
;

and was its dean in 1GOO and 1606. Works nuns the Saviour and the Virgin approach, : ;

Resurrection (1585), Triptych with Ecce attended by female saints and martyrs in
Homo (1609), both in Bruges Cathedral white robes, wearing crowns and bearing ;

Triptych with Madonna, Moses and Gideon palms. Painted in 1645-7, one of eleven
(1606-1608), St. Egidius, Bruges Pacifica- pictures for Convent of S. Francisco, Se-;

tion of Ghent, Bruges Academy Portraits ville carried to Paris by Gen. M. de Fav-
; ;

of Charles V. (1609), and Philip H. (1610), iers and sold to M. Aguado Aguado sale ;

Madonna and Almighty with Angels (1608), (1865), 75,000 fr.; in Marquis de Salamanca
Pottery Hospital, Bruges. Allgem. d.Biogi'., sale (1867), 95,000 fr. Copy by Bocanegra
iv. 270 Biog. nat. de Belgique, iii. 126 Mi- in Hermitage another, varied, D. Roberto
; ; ;

chiels, v. 402. Kith, Seville. Curtis, 223 G. de Leon, i. ;

CLAIRIN, GEORGES (JULES VICTOR), 59 ;

C. Bermudez, Carta, 46 ; Stirling, ii.

born in Paris, Sept. 11, 1843. History paint- 834 ;

Gaz. des B. Arts, Jan. 1875 ;
LUlus-
er ; pupil of Picot and Pils, and of the ftcole tration, March 18, 1855 ; Hermitage Cat,
des Beaux Arts. Studio in Paris. Medal 138.
 CLASEN
CLASEN, KARL, born a Hunt (1863) Huntsman with
in Dtlsselrlorf in before j
;

1812. History painter Hound going to Woods (1864); Morning of

; pupil at Diissel-
dorf Academy under W. Schadow. Painted Beginning and Day of Closing the Hunt j

history, sacred and profane, with a pure (1866); Corner of the Kennel (1868); Hunt-
,

feeling for nature, and careful execution. er's Story (1869); Return from Hunt (1870);
;

'

Works Flight into Egypt (1839); Rudolph Antechamber, Souvenir of Rotten Row
:

of Hapsburg giving his Horse to a Sick (1872); Returning from Rotten Row (1874);
Priest (1840) Pope Sixtus and Deacon Lau- Hyde Park (1876)
;
These Gentlemen are ;

rentius (1842); Daughter of Jairus (1845); Served, Conversation in Hyde Park (1877) ;
Discovery of the Springs at Aix-la-Chapelle Sketch on the Cliff, Albert Gate of Hyde ;

Reconciliation of Queen Catharine with Park (1878) Confidence (1879) Sit Up- ; ;

Cardinal Wolsey (1850); Allegory of Borus- right (1881) Sunset, Spring-Time (1882) ; ;

sia (1867). Brockhaus, iv. 437 ; Muller, At the Rendezvous in Fontainebleau (1883).
106 ; Wiegmann, 178. CLAUDE LORRAIN, born in Cham-
CLASEN, LORENZ, born in Diisseldorf, pagne on the Mo-
Dec. 14, 1812. History painter cousin of ; selle in 1600, died
Karl pupil of Diisseldorf Academy under
;
in Rome, Nov. 23,
Th. Hildebrandt painted at first biblical
; |
1682. French school;
scenes, then chiefly subjects from romantic landscape painter
'

history. In 1850 removed to Berlin, 1854, |

real name Gellee ;

to Leipsic. Was also a distinguished writer pupil in drawing of

on art. Works :
Early Christians ;
Annun- his elder brother
ciation Shepherds (1837); David
to the Jean, wood engraver
playing before Saul, Conversion of Clovis by Freiburg in Breis- at
his' Wife Clotilda (1839); Minstrels' Contest gau. Taken to
at the Wartburg Conrad H. (Kaisersaal,
;
Rome in 1613 by a relative, he went
Frankfort) Expulsion of St. Elizabeth thence to Naples, where he spent two years
;

(1840); Madonna (1841); Blessings of Peace as pupil of Godfrey Wals, a painter from
and Industry, Entry of Happy Rulers (1844); Cologne. From 1619 to April, 1625, he
Germania on Guard on the Rhine (City lived at Rome, working as apprentice
Hall, Crefeld); Germania on the Sea, Bish- and valet to Agostino Tassi, who was em-
ops of Cologne and Mentz before Conrad II. ployed by the Cardinal di Montalto to
(1847); Cycle from History of Families von decorate his palace, after which he returned J

Brandt and von Watzdorf (1865-66). to Lorraine by Venice and the Tyrol. At
Brockhaus, iv. 437 Ulustr. Zeitg. (1871), Nancy he found employment in decorating
;

ii. 175 ; Muller, 106

Wiegniaun, 204. the Chapelle des Carmes, for Duke Charles
;

CLAUDE, GEORGES, born in Paris; HI., with figures and architectural orna-
contemporary. Son and pupil of J. M. Claude ments, until the middle of the year 1627,
and pupil of P. Galland. Medal, 3d class, when he returned to Rome to remain for
1884. Portraits (1879, 1882); Adoration of the rest of his life. Here he became inti-
the Cross at Mont Cassin (1884). mate with Sandarrt, Peter de Laar, and
CLAUDE, JEAN MAXIME, bom in Poussin, and spent his time in making stud-
Paris, June 24, 1824. Landscape painter, ies in the Campagna, at Tivoli, Frascati, and
and painter of sporting and hunting scenes Subiaco. By 1634, Claude had become a ;

pupil of Galland. Medals 1866 and 1869 celebrity at Rome and had painted many
:
;

2d class, 1872. Works Rendezvous, Re- pictures, although none are known of a date
:

treat (1861); Halloing at the Ponds of Comi- earlier than the Village Fete and the Sea

elles, Bloodhounds in their Kennel the Day Port at the Louvre of the year 1639. The
ao-i
 CLAUSEN
"Liber Veritatis," a collection of 200 draw- \
sicaa, M. H. Arnot, Elmira, N. Y. Pattison,
ings, owned by the Duke of Devonshire, Claude LoiTain Rev. des Deux Mondes, ;

was begun about 1634, and finished March Jan. 15, 1884, 365; Sandrart, Academy
25, 1675, as a record of work projected as Nob. artis picturse (Nuremberg, 1683).
well as accomplished, and not probably, as CLAUSEN, GEORGE, bom in England ;
is generally supposed, to guarantee the contemporary. Landscape and genre painter.
authenticity of all the pictures which left Exhibits at Royal Academy and Grosvenor
Claude's studio. In the height of his Gallery. Works Night brings Rest, A :

fame, the painter was patronised at Rome Study, WomenWashing Zuyder-Zee (1879) ;

by the King of Spain and the Elector of La Pensee (1880) Haverstock Hill (1881); ;

Bavaria, Prince Doria,the Dukes de B6- Gleaners (1882) Marie, Hay-Time, Winter ;

thune and de Crequy, and many other dis- Work (1883); Labourers after Dinner (1884);
tinguished persons. From the church of End of a Winter's Day, Crow Starvingi

the Trinita di Monte, where he was buried, (1885).

|

and where his monument was destroyed by CLAXTON, MARSHALL, born at Bolton,
theFrench in 1798, his remains were removed Lancashire, in 1811, died in London in 1881.
in 1840 to the church of S. Luigi in Frau- History painter, pupil of John Jackson, and
cesi at the suggestion of M. Thiers. Works :
j
of the Royal Academy; won the first medal in

Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca, Temple of painting school in 1834, and gold medal of
Delos, and 2 other landscapes, Palazzo Society of Arts in 1835. He visited Italy in
Doria, Rome ;
The Setting Sun, Palazzo 1837 ;
won prize of .100 at Westminster
Sciarra, Rome ;
2 landscapes, Palazzo Bor- Hall Exhibition in 1843 for his Alfred the
ghese, Rome ; Landscapes, Naples Muse- Great in Camp of the Danes went to Aus- ;

um ; do., Madama, Turin Hagar

Palazzo, ;
tralia in 1850, to India and Egypt in 1855,
expelled by Abraham, Hagar in the Desert returning with many sketches. Works :

(1668), The Herdsman (1656), Morning Christ blessing Little Children, school-room

(1674), Old Pinakothek, Munich; Flight at St. Stephens, Westminster Spenser read- ;

into Egypt, Polyphemus (1650), Dresden ing the Faerie Queene, Mother of Moses,
Gallery Italian Coast View (1642), Berlin
; Grandmother, Free Seat, Baroness Burdett-
Museum Morning, and 11 other landscapes,
;
Coutts Christ at
;
Tomb of Lazarus, View of

Hermitage, Petersburg Magdalen Pray- Sydney, Last Queen of the Aborigines, Col-
St. ;
'

ing, and 9 landscapes, Madrid Museum lection of the Queen Sir Joshua Reynolds
; ;

Return of Chryseis, Cleopatra landing at and his Friends Hagar and Ishmael Death- ; ;

Tarsus (1647), and 15 other landscapes, Lou- bed of John Wesley. Bryan (Graves).
vre, Paris Marriage of Isaac and Rebecca,
; CLAYS, PAUL JEAN, born iu Bruges in
Cephalus and Procris, Embarkation of Queen 1819. Marine painter, pupil in Paris of
Gudin lives in Brussels. Medals Brussels,
of Skeba (1648), do. of St. Ursula, Narcissus ;
:

and Echo, and 7 other pictures, National 1851; 2d class, Paris, 1867, 1878 L. of Hon- ;

Gallery, London 6 in Dulwich Gallery our, 1875 Officer, 1881; Order of Leopold.
; ; ;

Rape of Europa, Buckingham Palace 5 Works After Shipwreck (1852), Ghent Mu-
;
:

landscapes, Windsor Castle Enchanted seum Windy Weather, Portuguese Xebec in

; ;

Castle, Lord Overstone Mount Tabor, Sight of French Squadron, Entrance of

;

Golden Calf, Grosvenor House 2 land- Queen Victoria into Port of Ostend, Coast
;

scapes, Bridgewater House Temple of Scene in Flanders (1855) Environs of Trc-

; ;

Apollo, Landing of JEneas, Agnew, London port (1855), Duke of Ostend (1857); The
;

Apollo and Marsyas, Earl of Lecoufield Scheldt at Antwerp (1859) ;

Entrance to ;

Birth of Roman Empire, Decline of Roman Southampton Water, Calm on the Scheldt
Empire, Longford Castle Ulysses and Nau- (1868); Morning Light, Dead Calm, Squall
;

303
 CLEAXTIIES
on the Scheldt (1874); Thames near London, son ; Some of his best
he died insane.
View on the Scheldt (1875) Bruges, North ; pictures are Portraits of himself and wife,
:

Sea (1876); Zuyder-Zee near Texel, Canal Windsor Castle ; portrait of himself, Earl
in Zelande (1877) Canal in the Nieuwe-
; Spencer, Althorp two male portraits, Ox- ;

Maas, Saardam (1878); Dutch Vessels in a ford SS. Cosmo and Damian, Antwerp ;

Calm (1863), Dutch Boats in Eoads of Flush- Cathedral Last Judgment, Ghent Cathe- ;

ing (1870), National Gallery, London Be- dral.- Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 135 Ch.
; ;

calmed near Amsterdam, Rough Sea on Coast Blanc, ficole flamande Kooses (Eeber), 70. ;

of Flanders (1884); In Eoadstead of Dun- CLEEF, MAETEN VAN, born in Ant-

kirk, Fog at Dawn (1885). Gaz. des B. Arts werp, died there about 1570. Flemish
school history painter, pupil of Frans Flo-
(1867), xxiii. 16 L'Art, 1876.; ;

CLEANTHES, Greek painter, of Corinth, ris entered Antwerp guild in 1551; is called
;

early period. According to Pliny (xxxv. 5 the Master of the Ape, because he some-
[15]) the invention of line-drawing
was as- times introduced that animal as his mark.
signed both to him and to Philodes the His brother Hendrik (died in Antwerp,1589)
Egyptian. The Temple of Artemis Alphas- supplied the landscapes and backgrounds
onia, near Olympia, contained his paintings in his and in Frans Floris's pictures, while he
of the Hiupersis (taking of Troy) and the often painted the figures in the landscapes
birth of Athena. Strabo, viii. 3, 12. Athen- of his brother, of Gilles van Conincxloo,
agoras Leg. pro Christ., 14 (p. 59, ed. De- and others.His four sons, Gilles, Marten,
chair). Georges, and Nicholas, were also painters.
CLEEF, JAN VAN, bom at Venloo, Guel- Works Eoom in Peasant's Cottage with :

derland, in 1646, died in Ghent in 1716. Company at Table, Vienna Museum. Biog.
Flemish school history painter, pupil of nat. de Belgique, iv. 139.
;

Luigi Primo (Gentile), then in Brussels of CLEISTHENES, scene painter and archi-
Gaspard de Craeyer, whom he assisted with tect, of Eretria, about 384 B.C. He was
his numerous works for churches in the the father of Menedemus, the pupil of Plato.
Low Countries, and on the death of his Diog. Laer., ii. 125.
master completed those left unfinished. One CLEMENT, FELIX AUGUSTE, born at
of the ablest artists of his country. His Donzere (Drome), May 20, 1826. Genre
most esteemed works are in the churches painter ; pupil of Drolling and Picot. Won
and in the Museum of Ghent, whither he the grand prix de Eonie, 1856. Paints
removed iu 1681. Works Assumption, St. chiefly Oriental scenes. Medals 3d class,
: :

James's Immaculate Conception, St. Mi- 1861 medal, 1867. Works Feast of Bai-
; ; :

chael's Magdalen at Feet of Christ, St. ram in Cairo, Death of Ceesar, Destruction
;

Nicholas Sisters of Charity during the of

;
Babylon, March of Eecruits, Arab Wo-
Plague, Convent of the Black Nuns, all in man
weeping over her Husband's Tomb
Ghent. Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 141; Mi-
(1868); Before the Bath (1874); Sick Child
chiels, ix. 91. (1879) ;
Circassian Woman in the Harem
CLEEF (Cleve), JOOST VAN,
caUed de (1880); Morning (1881); Nymphs Surprised,
Zotte (crazy) Cleef, born in
Antwerp flour- Behold the Great Turk (1883).
;

ished 1530-1550. Flemish school. Painted CLEOBIS AND BITON, Antoine Fran-
in France and England. One of the best 9018 Collet, ficole des Beaux Arts, Paris.
portrait painters of 16th century, approach- Sons of Cydippe, priestess of Hera at Argos.
ing style of Hans Holbein, and foreshadow- Once, during the festival of Hera, when
ing Antonio Moro great colourist.
; The the oxen which were to draw the chariot of
preference which Henry Vll[. gave to Ti- the priestess did not arrive in time, Cleobis
tian's paintings
destroyed Van Cleefs rea- and Bitou dragged it with their mother

304
 CLEON
forty-five stadia to the temple. priest- tarch. The
Royal Academy, 1821 sold for 200 ;

ess, moved by their prayed to guineas to Sir Francis Freeling, at whose

filial love,
the goddess to grant them what was best sale bought by Mr. Farrer the dealer, who
for mortals. The brothers went to sleep disposed of it to Mr. Labouchere for 1,000
in the temple and never rose again. Herod- guineas. Gilchrist, Life, 93 Art Union ;

otus, who tells the story (i. 31), makes So- (1849), 116.
lon relate it to Croesus, as a proof that it is By Henri Pierre Picoit, private gallery,
better for mortals to die than to live. Cal- San Francisco ;
canvas. Antony and Cleo-
let won the grand prix de Rome in 1764 patra, surrounded by attendants, in a su-
with his picture, which represents the broth- perb galley, sailing down the Cydnus. Sa-
ers dragging the chariot to the temple. lon, 1848 exhibited in New York hi 1875. ;

By Carl von Stettcn, William Schaus, New Engraved by Gautier.

York canvas, H. 5 ft. X 6 ft 6 in.
; Repre- CLEOPATRA, DEATH OF, Jean Fran-
sents the brothel's lying in the sleep of y.ois Gigoux, Luxembourg Museum, Paris ;

death in the temple at the foot of the statue canvas, H. 3 ft. 9 in. x 6 ft. 5 in. Salon,
of Hera near them is the altar of the god- 1850.
;

dess, covered with flowers in background, ; By Guidu Reni, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

people entering the temple exhibit aston- canvas, H

3 ft. 10 in. x 3 ft. 1 in. Cleopatra,
ishment at the sight. Salon, 1884. Sub- three-fourths length, putting the asp to her
ject treated also by Primaticcio in the Cha- bosom. Painted about 1640. In Guide's
teau de Fontainebleau. third manner. Engraved by N. Le Mire ;

CLEON, Greek painter, about 300 a c.; L. M. Faeutino. Repetitious in Madrid,

noted for his picture of Cadmus. Pliny, Barcelona, and Nancy Museums, in the
xxxv. 40. Balbi and Durazzo Galleries, Genoa, and in
CLEOPATRA BEFORE C^SAR, Jean Windsor Castle and private collections in
Leon Geroine, D. O. Mills, New York can- England. Wicar, i. Part 5 Gal. du Pul.
; ;

vas, figures half life-size. Scene Palace of Pitti, i. PL 66 Lavice, 68.

:
;

the Ptolemies in Alexandria. Cleopatra, By Alex. Turchi, Louvre canvas, H. 8 ft. ;

determined to gain the favour of Csesar, 3 in. x 8 ft 9 in. In foreground, at left,

caused herself to be carried into his apart- Mark Antony, whom two soldiers have car-
ment concealed in a bale of cloth, which ried into the tomb where Cleopatra has
Apollodorus, her attendant, bore as a pres- taken refuge, is expiring upon a couch in ;

ent to him (Dion Cas., xlii. 35 Plut., Csesar, the background the queen, sustained by
;

xlix.). She is represented standing, amid two women, puts the asp to her breast ;

the folds of cloth from which she has just three other attendants grieving. Villot,
emerged, glancing at Csesar, who is writing Cat. Louvre Filhol, i. PI. 31. ;

at a table. Apollodorus kneels behind her, By Paolo Veronese, Munich Gallery can- ;

and several secretaries, writing in back- vas, H. 3 ft. 7 in. x 2 ft. 10 in. Natural size,
ground, look around curiously. Photo- seen to knees.
gravure in Art Treasures of America. En- By Guercino, Palazzo Brignole Sale,
graved by J. C. Armytage in Art Journal Genoa. Lying on a couch, nude to waist,
(1877), 12. Larousse, iv. 431. and the rest of the body covered with a
CLEOPATRA ON THE CYDNUS, Wil- white drapery, except the feet One hand
liam Etty, Lord Taunton, London. Cleo- looses its hold of the asp which it had
patra, as Venus, attended by maids habited placed on her bosom, the other falls help-
as Nereids and Graces, and by boys as lessly at her side. Burckhardt, 770 Lavice, ;

Cupids, sailing along the River Cydnus in a 91.

magnificent galley, as described by Plu- By Hans Malcart, Stuttgart Gallery ;
can-

305
 CLEOPATRA
vas. Cleopatra, as Aphrodite, reclines on a in Luxembourg. Engraved by Jazet. Cat.
couch covered with cushions and rich robes, Louvre.
with her head raised awaiting the sting of CLINT, ALFRED, born in London in
the adder coiled around her arm. One of 1807. Landscape and marine painter son ;

her women is kneeling at her feet, covering and pupil of Geo. Clint, and studied in Brit-
her face in despair another is asleep on
; Began as a portrait painter
ish Institute. ;

the floor. The apartment, which is adorned became member of Society of British Ar-
with costly vessels and tropical plants, is tists in 1850, was its secretary for several
lighted by a tall candelabrum. Painted in years, and elected its president in 1869.
1875. Paints chiefly coast scenery and sunset

Subject treated also by Guide Cagnacci, effects. Works Lake Scene at Sunset, :

Vienna Museum Germann van Bohn, Nan- Sunset at Hastings, Philadelphia Exposition,
;

tes Museum Eegnault, and others.

;
1876 Twilight, Paris Exposition, 1878
; ;

CLEOPATRA LANDING AT TARSUS, St. Michael's Mount

Cornwall, Entrance to
Claude Lorrain, Louvre, Paris ; canvas, H. 3 Harbour of Little Hampton (1877). Ott-
ft 11 in. x 5 ft. 6 in. At right, Cleopatra, ley.

accompanied by six women, and aided by CLINT, GEORGE, born in London, April
Dellius, an officer of Antony, is landing be- 12, 1770, died there, May 10, 1854. Portrait
fore a palace, the steps of which are washed painter ; was a house-painter, from which he
by the sea Antony, followed by officers, advanced to miniatures, and finally became
;

advancing to meet her at left, several ves-

;
successful both in water-colours and in oils.

sels, from one of which sailors are unlad- He painted a valuable series of dramatic pict-

ing vases of gold and silver. Painted in ures, comprising portraits of the favourite
Rome about 1647, for Cardinal Angelo actors of the time in their most successful
Giorio, from whom passed to Louis XIV. scenes, many of which are preserved in the
Liber Veritatis, No. 63. Similar picture in Was elected an A.R.A. in
Garrick Club.
Collection of Sir J. Reynolds, sold (1795) 1821, but resigned in 1836 and became an
for 250 guineas. Villot, Cat. Louvre Pat- opponent of the Academy, to the exhibitions
;

tison, Claude Lorrain, 212, 241. of which he had contributed 94 pictures.

CLERCK, HENDRIK born in Works: Falstaff and Mistress Ford, National
DE,
Brussels in 1570, died in 1629. Flemish Gallery, London Hamlet and Ophelia ;

school pupil of Marten de Vos, to whose (1831), Paul Pry (1831), Honeymoon, S.
'

style he adhered distinguished for the Kensington Museum

;
Spoilt Child, Lord ;

poetic treatment of his pictures. Works Liverpool, and many portraits in private
: i

Holy Family, Christ and the Children, collections. Was also a good mezzotint en-
Brussels Museum ; Figures in a landscape graver. Redgrave ; Bryan (Graves).
by Alsloot, Vienna Museum. Michiels, v. CLODT, MICHAEL CONSTANTINO-
433. VICH, Baron, born in St. Petersburg in 1836.
CLEVE. See Cleef. Landscape painter pupil of the St. Peters- ;

CLICHY, BARRIERS DE, Horace Ver- burg Academy, where he won the first prize
nel, Louvre, Paris canvas, H. 3 ft. 2 in. x in 1858 professor there since 1864. Works:
; ;

4 ft. 3 in.; signed, dated 1820. Defence of Road in Autumn Rain View in Government ;

Paris in 1814. Marshal Moncey gives orders of Orel Return from the Field Plain with ; ;

to Chief of Battalion Odiot to prevent the Cattle. Mtlller, 108.

Russians from taking possession of the hill CLODT, Bar- MICHAEL PETROVICH,
of Montmartre. Among Petersburg in 1839. Genre
the figures are :
on, born in St.

Moncey, Odiot, M. de Marguery-Dupaty, painter pupil of the St. Petersburg Acade-

;

and Charles and Horace Vernet. Formerly my, where he won the first prize in 1861.
!

306
 CLOET
Works Sewing-Room
: in n Franciscan Mon- Court Portrait of Henri IL, do. of Duke ;

astery Prayer before Baptism The Jews of Anjou, Berlin Museum Equestrian por-
; ; ; ;

Birthday Celebration in Russia. Mttller, trait of Henri H. (copy?), Uflizi, Florence;

108. do. of Azay le Rideau Portrait of Charles ;

CLOET, JEHAN. See Clouet, Jean. IX. (1563), Vienna Museum copy by Clouet ;

CLOSS, GUSTAV, born in Stuttgart, Nov. in little, Louvre; Elizabeth of Austria (1570),
14, 1840, died at Prien, on Lake Chiem, Louvre Henri III, Due d'Alenc,-on (1577- ;

Aug. 14, 1870. Landscape painter, pupil 78), Stafford House, London. There are
of Funk in Stuttgart Art School. Visited many other doubtful pictures attributed to
Italy in 1863, Munich in 18G4, Brussels, Ant- Clouet, as well as hundreds of crayon draw-
werp, and Paris in 18GC, and settled in Mu- ings. Among the latter are collections in
nich. His landscapes are pict- the Bibliothi'que d'Estampes and the Louvre,
Italian

uresquely conceived and executed with great Paris, in the British Museum and Stafford
technical skill. His illustrations of German House, London, at Castle Howard, York-

poets show the influence of Dor6. Works shire, and in the Collection of Archduke
:

Villa of Hadrian, Road near Group Albert, Vienna.

Sorrento, Pattison, Renaissance of
of Cypresses near Tivoli, Campagna near Art in France, i. 327; Ch. Blanc, ficole fran-
Rome, Piazza della Fontana in Olevano, W. & W., ii. 527;
9aise ; Schnasse, viii. 333 ;

Evening at Villa Pamfili, The Lonely Inn, 205 Gower, Three

Villot, Cat. Louvre ; Siret, ;

Christmas Eve, Autumn Night in the Park. Hundred Portraits by Clouet at Castle How-
Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 342 Kunst-Chronik, ard (London, 1875); W. & W., ii. 527.
;

vi. 124. CLOUET, JEAN, born about 1485, died

CLOTILDA, QUEEN, EDUCATION OF in Paris (?)
CHILDREN OF, Alma-Tadem&, King 1541. of the about

Belgians. Clotilda, widowed queen of Clo- French

vis, first Christian monarch of France (6th school son ;

century), seated upon a throne in back- of Jehan

ground, is watching her sons, who are Cloe t, a
throwing the battle-axe at a wooden target painter of
under the superintendence of an old cap- Br u s sels,
tain-at-arms. She is attended by priests who was in
and women ; watching the the service
at left, soldiers

play. Painted in 1861. Replica, J. H. Steb- of the Duke

bins, New York. Art Treasures of America, of Burgundy
i. 95. about 1475 commonly called Maitre Je- ;

CLOUET, FRANCOIS, born in Tours hannet or Janet (diminutive of Jehan) ;

about 1500, died between 1570 and 1572. settled in France, first at Tours and after-
French school son and probably pupil of ward in Paris. Became painter and valet de
;

Jean Clouet also called, like his father, Janet chambre to Francis I. in 1518; probably
;

or Maitre Jehannet. Received letters of painted portraits, but no authentic work ex-
naturalization from Francis I. in 1541, when tant, unless the Portrait of Francis I. ?
he succeeded his father as painter and valet (1535^40), Louvre, be one. Laborde, Re-
de chambre to the king held same offices naissance, etc., i. 1, 79
; Freville, Archives ;

under Henry n. and Charles IX. Works de 1'Art francais, i. 1, 97, 287, iv. 44 Ch.
:
;

Portrait of Francis I. (1534), Lord Dudley, Blanc, Ecole franjaise Villot, Cat. Louvre ; ;

London Portrait of the Dauphin Fra^ois Pattison, Renaissance of Art in France, i. 307.
;

II.
(1524), Antwerp Museum do. of Henri CLOVIO, Don GIORGIO GIULJO, born
;

II.
(1553), Louvre do. as a youth, Hampton at Grizane in Dlyria in 1498, died in Rome,
;
 CLOVIS
Jan. 5, Lombard school. Heal name The French Revolution, University of Ghent.
1578.
Glovicic sometimes called II Macedone, be-
;
Mtiller, 108.
cause his family was said to Lave originated CLYTEMNESTRA, ancient picture. See
in Macedonia. Pupil of Giulio Romano, at Tauriscus, Theon.
Mantua, andofGirolamodaiLibri.from whom By P. N. Gutrin, Louvre canvas, H. 11 ;

he learned the art of illuminating. Went ft. 3 in. X 10 ft. 8 in.; signed, dated 1817.
to Hungary in the service of Louis II., on Clytemnestra, dagger in hand, hesitating
whose death in 1526 he returned to Italy. on the threshold of the apartment in which
During the sack of Eome (1527) he was so Agamemnon is seen asleep, is urged forward
ill-treated by the Spanish soldiers that he by .ZEgisthus, who pushes her by the shoul-
vowed to take holy orders if he escaped. ders. Salon, 1817 acquired in 1819 for ;

Afterward entered the monastery of San Ru- 12,000 fr. Engraved by A. Johannot Sis- ;

fiuo, Mantua, but left in a few years on a co. Reveil, x. 677.

dispensation from the Pope, and entered the COBERGHER, (Coeberger,) WENCES-
service of Cardinal Grimani, and on his LAS, born in Antwerp about 1560, died
death, that of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese in Brussels in 1635. Flemish school ; ;

became the best Italian miniature painter of history painter pupil of Martin de Vos, ;

his time executed a great number of works, 1573, from whose studio he went to Italy in
;

some of which are described by Vasari. His 1579 lived in Rome and Naples returned to ; ;

Office of the Virgin, with twenty-six minia- Antwerp in 1603, where he then entered
tures now in the library of the Naples Muse- the guild. Called to Brussels by Archduke
um, cost him nine years' labour. Other Albert, who entrusted him with all manner
works Crucifixion,
: Uffizi Pieta, Palazzo of work, Cobergher being also an architect
;

Pitti, Florence. Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 330, vii. and engineer. Works Constantine adoring
:

557; Lanzi, ii. 337; Ch. Blanc, Ecole lom- the

Cross, Jacob's, Antwerp En- St. ;

barde Waagen,
; tombment,
i. 208, Brussels
ii. Museum
63, 334, Pieta, St. An-
iii. 431 ; ;

Burckhardt, 682. drew's, Antwerp. Biog. nat. de Belgique,

CLOVIS, ENTRY OF, Joseph Nicolas Rob- iv. 214 Michiels, viii. 326 Rooses (Reber), ; ;

<;r<-Fleury, Versailles Museum canvas, H. 154 Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande. ; ;

2 ft. 7 in. x 3 ft.

Triumphal entry into Tours. COCCHI, POMPEO, of Perugia ;
Roman
Clovis, to whom
Emperor Auastasius school (1523-1549) contemporary of Do-
the ;

had decreed consular honours, put on the menico Alfani, and almost his equal. On
purple tunic and the chlamys and placed register of guild in 1523. A Madonna with
the crown on his head in the cathedral Saints in Cathedral of Perugia is signed and ;

then, having mounted

horse, he rode dated 1525. hisCrucified Saviour in the A
through the streets scattering with his own Perugia Gallery, part of a fresco transferred
hand gold and silver among the people. to canvas, recalls the Florentine manner of
CLUYSENAAR, ALFRED, born in Brus- the followers of Fra Bartolommeo, still with
sels, Sept. History and genre a prevailing Umbrian feeling. Cocchi made
24, 1837.
painter pupil of Brussels Academy, and in his will in 1544, and was still alive in 1549.
;

Paris of the licole des Beaux Arts and of C. & C., Italy, iii. 371 Ch. Blanc, ficole ;

Cogniet ;
visited Italy, Holland, and Ger- ombrienne.
many. Medal, Paris, 1878 L. of Honour, COCK, CESAR DE, born in Ghent in
;

1878. Order of Leopold. Works Henry 1823. Landscape painter. Medals, Paris, :

IV. at Canossa (1878) in fresco The Age 1867, 1869. Works Old Mill (1857) Hedge
;
: :
;

of the Roman Empire, Foundation of the Corner (1859); Farm-yard (1865); Old Mill
Christian Dogma, Contest of Papacy against at Veules, Herring Box (1866); Poplars
Secular Rule, Reformation and Renaissance, (18G7); Upon the Heath, In the Woods

80S
 COCK
(1868) Morning in the Woods (1869)
; ;
j
Museum Guard-room, Carlsruhe Gallery
; ;

Storm Normandy, Path at Sevres (1870)

in ; do. Gottingen GalleryRobber Scene (at-
;
I

Spring-Time in Woods, Stream in Woods j

tributed to C. Bega), Brunswick Gallery ;

River in Woods (1873) Road to

'

(1872) ; ; Musical Company (attributed to Cocx),

{

Washing Place, Courtyard of Farmhouse in !

Speyer Gallery Company at Table

; (1634),
Gasny, Brook in the Woods (1874); In Emden Gallery ; do., Schleissheiin Gallery ;

Spring-Time, Old Mill, Banks of the Ebro Preparation for Carnival, Berlin Museum ;

(1875); Banks of the Ept, Woods on Banks Stable with Soldiers, Musical Company,
of the Ept (1880); Sluice, Old Willow Schwerin Gallery Dancing Lesson (1627), ;

(1881); Flock of Sheep (1882); Charbonel E. von Sievers, Dorpat Soldiers with a ;

Manufactory at Gasny (1883). Larousse Girl (1628), Soldiers pilfering Peasant's

;

Gaz. des B. Arts (1869), i. 511.

.Cottage (attributed to A. Duck), Dresden
COCK, XAVIER DE, born in Ghent; Gallery I
;
Musical Com- _
contemporary. Medal, pany, Liechtenstein Gal- \*/00<)^, IL/
Landscape painter.
Paris, 3d class, 1857. Works: Autumn, lery, Vienna; Guard-room '
Cows and Goats (1872) Herd of Cows, (166-), Borghese Gallery, Rome; Seamstress,
;

Sheep in an Autumn Landscape (1873) Assembly, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

;

Cows, A Forest, Harvesters (1874); A For- Bode, Studieu, 141; Havard, A. .V A. holL,
est, Cows (1876) Sheep in Autumn (1878)
; ; iiL 139.
Yoke of Oxen (1879) Oxen in a Meadow,
; COELLO, ALONSO SANCHEZ. See
A Cascade (1880) Cow at a Drinking-Place Sanchez-Coello.
;

(1881); Flock of Sheep (1882); Woods in Au- COELLO, CLAUDIO, born in Madrid
tumn, Oxen on the Lowland (1883). L'Art about 1635, died
(1876). there, April 20,
COCK FIGHT (Combat de Coqs), Jean 1693. Spanish
Loon Gerdme, Luxembourg Museum, Paris ; school son of
;

canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in. X 6 ft, 6 in. A young Faustino Coello,

Greek, nude, kneeling at right on one knee,
setting two cocks to fighting behind, a ;
sculptor; pupil in
young woman, nearly nude, is seated watch- drawing of Fran-
ing the combat Figures, life-size. Salon, cisco Rizi; won the
1847 medal, 3d class.
;
friendship of Car-
COCX. See Coques. refio,who obtain-
COCXIE. See Coxcyen. ed for him admis-
CODDE, PIETER, born in Amsterdam sion to the royal galleries, where he studied
before 1610, died about 1660 (?). Dutch; Titian, Rubens, and other great masters.
school ; genre painter, principally of social After executing important works in Toledo
reunions and military scenes in the style of and Saragossa, he returned to Madrid, was
Palamedes probably formed himself at made painter to the king in 1684, and on the
;

Haarlem under the influence of Frans and death of Carreno succeeded to all his hon-
Dirk Hals spirited conception and fine ours at court
; Coello's masterpiece, the
;

colouring. Painted figures in pictures of| Collocation of the Host, in the Escorial,
Dirk van Deelen. Works Flute Player, cost him two years' labor. In 1691 he was
:

Haarlem Museum The Ball (1636), Game appointed painter to the Cathedral of Tole-
;
l

of Trictrac, Mauritshnis, Hague Peasants do, but his satisfaction in this and other
;

at Meal surprised by Catchpolls (attributed advantages which he enjoyed was counter-

to A. Duck), Copenhagen Gallery Company balanced in the following
;
year by the arrival
of Six (attributed to J. le Ducq), Stockholm of Luca Giordano, called
by theKingof Spain
soa
 COENE
to decorate the Escorial, and disappoint- j
Idyl, Toneur de Mandoline (1881); Brittany
ment and jealousy finally led to bis death, jinn (1882); Examination, Close of Day, Au-
Works: Assumption of the Virgin (1669); 'gust Day (1883); Lady in Black (1885).

do., Portrait of Charles H., Madrid Muse- COGELS, JOSEPH (sometimes called
urn Portraits of Jeanne and Maria of Aus- Cogels Mabilde), born at Brussels in 1786,
tria, and Marguerite of Parma, daughters of died at Castle Leitheim, near Donauworth,
Charles V., Brussels Museum Portraits of in 1831.
; Landscape and marine painter ;

Philip IL, Berlin Museum St. Peter

;
of Al- pupil of Dttsseldorf Academy; visited France,
cantara walking on the Water, Munich Gal- returned to Belgium in 1806 and became a
lery ;
Portrait of member of Royal Society of Fine Arts at
Coello, The Mag- Ghent went in 1810 to Munich, where he
;

dalen, Hermit- painted for the King and Queen, and the
,

age, St. Peters- Duke of Leuchtenberg, pictures for their

burg. Cean Bermudez ; Stirling, iii. 1010 ; private collections and the Schleissheim
Ch. Blanc, Ecole espagnole Viardot, 296
; ; Gallery. Member of Antwerp Academy in
Madrazo, 387. 1817, honorary member of the Munich Acad-
COENE, CONSTANTINUS, born at Vil- emy in 1824.
voorden, in 1780, died in Brussels in 1841. His paintings,
Flemish school history, genre, and land-
; principally
scape painter pupil of Hendrik van Assche,
; landscapes,
and in 1809 of Barbiers at Amsterdam ; waterfalls, and
settled afterward in Brussels, where, in old monuments of his native country, are
1820, he became professor at the Academy. highly esteemed. Works: View of St. Sal-
Great prize in Ghent in 1808. Works Ru- vator Platz in Munich (1819), Cassel Gal-
:

bens receiving from Charles I. the Sword lery. Bryan (Graves).

with which he had been Knighted (1808), at St. Nicolas, COGEN, FELIX, born
Ghent Museum Soldier returning from Belgium.
;
Genre and animal painter, pupil
Waterloo (1815), Brussels Museum Group of F. Devigne. Medal, Paris, 3d class, 1875
; ;

of Peasants, Haarlem Museum ; View in L. of Honour, 1883. Works Calves and :

Brussels, Amsterdam Museum. Heifers,Cows returning from Pasture (1870);

COENE, JEAN HENRI DE, born at Departure for Fishing, Return from Fishing
Veder-Brekel, East Flanders, in 1798, died (1874) Shrimp-Fishers on Coast of Flan-
;

in Brussels, April 6, 1866. Genre painter, ders (1875); Varech (Sea-weed) Harvest in
pupil of David and J. Pae'linck lived many ;
Holland (1876); Fisherman's Wife on Zuyder-
years in Paris, afterward professor in Brus- Zee (1878); Inundation Scene (1881); Fisher-
sels Academy. Exhibited a number of pict- women at Scheveningen (1883).
ures in the Salon, several of which have be- COGHETTI, FRANCESCO, born at Ber-
come well known France by lithographs. gamo, Oct. 4, 1804, died in Rome, April 23,
in
Medal, 2d class, 1837. Works Misery and 1875. History painter, pupil in Bergamo
:

Honesty (1835); Pastoral Tournament, Fri- of Diotti, and in Rome of Camuccini Pres- ;

day the Fasting Day (1837). Larousse. ident of Accademia di S. Luca, Rome. Order
COENUS, painter of genealogical tablets, of St. Gregory the Great. Executed a series
about 300 B.C. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [140]. of decorative compositions in fresco in the
COFFIN, W. A., born in Allegheny City, Palazzo Torlonia, Rome, in the Cathedral,
Pa., 1855. Subject painter, pupil of Bon- and in the Bishop's Palace at Bergamo, in
j

nat in Paris. Exhibited first in the Paris the Basilica at Savona, and in the church at
Salon in 1879. Studio in New York. Works: Porto Maurizio. Works Presentation, As- :

After Breakfast, T. B. Clarke, New York ;

1
sumption, Ascension, Condemnation of St.

310
 COGMET
Stephen Exploits of Alexander, Villa Tor- class, 1846 ; 1st class, 1848.
; Works: Mary
Ionia ;
Battle of Amazons, Triumph of Bac- in Desert (1838) Little Fisherman by Sea, ;

chus,Four Elements, Villa Castel-Gandolfo Christ and Disciples at Emmaus, Sleep, ;

Fable of Psyche and Cupid, Parnassus, Tor- Evening, Cattle in Woods (1842-1845); Cows
Ionia Palazzo, Rome Fable of Prometheus, on Borders of a Wood (1846); Bulls Fight-
;

Apollo followed by the Hours, Basilica of ing (1847); Drinking Place, Morning (1848);
Savona. Brockhaus, iv. 486 Larousse L11- Woman watching Cows, The Bull, Cares of
; ;

lustrazione italiana, 1875. a Farmer's Wife, Morning Rest, Henri IV. 's
COGNIET, LEON, born in Paris, Aug. 29, Oak (1849-53), bought by State Morning ;

1794, there,died Repose (1852), Luxembourg Museum Pas- ;

,-
Nov. 20, 1880. His- ture in Holland, Valley of the Main (1855);
tory and portrait During the Storm, Landscape with Animals
painter, pupil of Guc- (1857); Grass and Drinking Place in Valley
rin won the prix
;
of the Auge, Bulls Fighting, The Cow Pond
de Borne in 1817. (1859); Herd in Pasture (1861); Landscape
Medals 2d class, : inNormandy (1863); Herd at Edge of Forest,
1824; 1st class, 1855; Cows in a Marsh (1873) Cows in a Belgian
;

L. of Honour, 1828; . Forest (1874) Flock of Sheep, Morning in

;

Officer, 1846 Prus- ;

Pasture (1875) ;CattleResting, Drinking Place
sian Order pour le (1876) Cattle Resting in a Prairie (1877). ;

merite, 1865 member of Institute, 1849.

; COIGNET, JULES (LOUIS PHILIPPE),
His first pictures, though classical in style, born in Paris, Dec. 2, 1798, died there
show a realistic tendency. Founder of one April 1, 1860. Landscape painter, pupil of
of the best art schools in Paris. Works Bertin travelled in Italy and the East, and : ;

Metabus, King of the Volscians (1822) ; Ma- painted many pictures marked by poetical
rius at Carthage, Massacre of the Innocents feeling and delicacyof light and shade effects.

(1824) Numa in the Grotto of Egeria ; Also produced many water-colours and chalk
;

Eape of Rebecca ; Napoleon in Egypt, Paris drawings, and wrote a work on landscape
National Guard
in 1792 (1836) ; Battle of painting. Medals 2d class, 1842, 1848 L.
:
;

Rivoli, Episodes in Egyptian Campaign, of Honour, 1836. His Ruins of Temple of

Versailles Museum ;
Tintoretto painting his
j
Psostum, one of his best works, is in the Mu-
Dead Daughter Bordeaux Museum;
(1843), nich Gallery. Bryan (Graves).
St. Stephen, St. Nicolas-des-Champs Mag- ; COL, DAVID, born in Antwerp, April 6,
dalen, Madeleine, Paris. Clare tie, Peintres, 1822. Genre painter, pupil of Antwerp
etc. (1882), 361 ;
Larousse ; Meyer, Gesch., Academy. His pictures, mostly on a small
439 ;
Gaz. des B. Arts xxiii. 33. scale, are to be found in nearly all the mu-
(1881),
COGNIET, (nee Catherine Mine. LEON, seums and private collections of Belgium.
Caroline Thevenin), born hi Lyons, Oct. 23, Order of Leopold, 1875. Works Shaving :

1813. History and genre painter wife and ; Day Out with You Throwing Snowballs
;
!
;

pupil of Leon Cogniet. Medals : 3d class, Canary Fancier ; Interrupted Meal The ;

1840 ;
2d class, 1843. Works A Studio : Blusterers (1875). MttUer, 109.
(1836); Bad Fellow (1837); Red Fish (1838); COLANTONIO DEL FIORE, born in
Prix de Rome
(1840); Sick Girl (1843); Vir- 1352 (?) died in 1444 (?) Neapolitan school.
ginia (1848); St. Cecilia (1852); St. Genevieve The question of the existence of this painter
as a Child (1853). rests on a letter written in 1524 by Sum-

COIGNARD, LOUIS, born in Mayenne monzio the architect, who says that Colan-
in 1812, died in 1883. Animal and land- tonio abandoned tempera for oils, which he
scape painter pupil of Picot. Medals 3d learned from Runu of Aujou, but that he
;
:

311
 COLAS
failed to attain the skill of his disciple An- COLE, THOMAS, born at Bolton le

tonello da Messina. Domenici, who is little Moor, England, Feb. 1, 1801, died near
to be trusted, gives the above dates of his Catskill, N. Y., Feb.
birth and death, and attributes to him a trip- 11, 1848. Land-
tych, dated 1375, in S. Antonio Abate,
Na- scape painter in ;

ples; a second picture in two parts, supposed 1819 his father emi-
to have formerly been dated 1436, one part grated to America
in S. Lorenzo, Naples, the other in the Naples and settled in Ohio,
Museum ;
and a fresco in S. Angelo a Nilo, where Thomas first
Naples. C. & C., however, doubt if there learned the rudi-
ever was a Colantonio, and think it possible ments of art from a
that Summonzio may have confounded him portrait painter
with Antonello da Messina. C. & C., Italy, After named Stein.
i. 322, 334 ; do., N. Italy, ii. 82 Vasari, ed. studying nature under great difficulties, he
;

Mil., 585
ii. ;
ed. Le Hon., i. 163, iv. 95 went in 1825 to New York, and was first
;

Lanzi, ii. 4 ; Burckhardt, 523 Domenici, brought into notice by his views on the Hud-
;

Vile de' Pittori, etc., He made several visits to England,

Napoletani ;
Ch. Blanc, son.

licole napolitaine. France, and Italy, but passed the greater

COLAS, ALPHONSE, born at Lille, part of his professional life in New York. Ex-
Sept. 24, 1818. French school history hibited at Royal Academy, London, View in
;

and portrait painter, pupil of Souchon. New Hampshire, Tomb of General Brock
Medals, 3d class, 1849, 1863. Director of (1830), and View in United States (1831).
School of Painting at Lille. Works Call- Two of his allegorical series, the Course
:

ing of St. James (18G9), St. James's, Douai ;

of Empire and Voyage of Life, were very
France in 1870-71 (1872); Portraits (1877, popular. Works : Dream of Arcadia De-
;

1879, 1880, 1883). Return Garden of Eden (1828);

parture ; ;

COLE, GEOKGE, born at Portsmouth in Expulsion from Paradise (1828), Lenox Li-
1810, died in Lon- brary, New York Titian's Goblet (1833), ;

don, Sept. 7, 1883. J.M. Falconer, New York Mount Etna, ;

Landscape paint- White Mountains, Wadsworth Collection,

er, self-taught; Hartford Angel appearing to the Shep-
;

began as a por- herds, Boston Athenseum Primitive State ;

trait and animal of Man, E. L. Rogers, Baltimore View on ;

painter in Ports- the Thames, Jonathan Sturges, New York ;

mouth exhibited Cross in the Wilderness

; L' Allegro II ; ;

first in London in Penseroso Mountain Ford, K. Jesup ;

M ;

1840 member in Cross and the World (unfinished), Vincent

;

1850 of the Soci- Colyer; Course of Empire, Vale of Segesta,

ety of British Ar- Italian Landscape, Moonlight, Conway Peak,
tists, which he became vice-president. Catskill Creek, Summer Sunset, Historical
of
Works: Surrey Harvest (1864); Pride and Society, New York. Noble, Life and Works
Humility Loch Lubnaig Gunnard's Head (1850) Tuckerman, 223.
; ; ;

Cornwall (1870) River Scene Sussex ; COLE, VICAT, born at Portsmouth,

(1874); Wheat Harvest Hampshire (1877); England, in 1833. Landscape painter, son
Morning on the Thames Windsor, Wind- and pupil of George Cole exhibited first ;

sor Castle Morning, Thirlmere (1878) Tim- ; picture at British Institution in 1851, and at
ber Drag (1880). Art Journal (1883), 343 ; Royal Academy in 1854 elected an A.R.A. ;

Kunst-Chronik, xviii. 743. in 1870, and R.A. in 1880. Works Under :

sis
 COLEMAN
the Greenwood Tree (1860) Summer's women(1842);ChristopherColumbus(1846);
;

Golden Crown (1866) Floating down to Masaniello (1848)

;
Christ on the Cross ;

C a m e 1 o t (1850), bought by State Michelangelo ;

(1869) Even-
; watching at his Servant's Bedside (1855);
ing Rest Sun- ;
Scene in the Roman Campagna, Columbus's
shine Showers first Arrival in Spain (1857); Nymphs Bath-

(1870) Au-; ing, Breton Peasant (1859) Reception of ;

tumn Gold Columbus by Ferdinand and Isabella at

(1871); Sum- Barcelona, Lorenzo de' Medici and Michel-
mer Rain angelo, Public Reader on Mole of Naples,
(1873) Misty
;
Encounter in the Desert, Moorish Interior
Morning, Heart (1861); Mater Dolorosa, Death of Gessler,
of Surrey Suburb of Isel at St. Omer (1863) Flan- ;

(1874); Rich- ders Fishermen, Fisherman at Foot of a

mond, Loch Cliff (1864); Christ in Garden of Olives,

Scavaig (1875); Gypsies Halting (1865) King Candaules,

;

Day's Decline Satyr and Bacchante (1866); Joy of the

(1876) Arundel,
; Summer Showers (1877) ; Hearth, Who giveth to the Poor lendeth to
Surrey Pastoral (1878) Autumn Leaves, ; the Lord (1868); Little Sister (1869); Hur-
Ripening Sunbeams (1879) August Days, ; ricane on Borders of Sea (1870); Drama of
Streatley on Thames, Wargrave (1881) ; the Sea (1873); Before Marriage (1874).
Sources of the Thames (1882) Windsor, ; Montrosier, Artistes modernea
Autumn Morning (1883) COLIN, PAUL, born at Nimes in 1838.
;
Sinodun Hill

(1885). Meynell, 33. Landscape painter son and pupil of Alex- ;

COLEMAN, CHARLES CARYLL, born andre Colin and pupil of J. P. Laurens.

at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1840. Figure and Medal, 3d class, 1875 L. of Honour, 1883, ;

still-life painter went to Europe in 1859 Works Farm of Groult, Little Marauders
; :

and again in 1866, since which has not re- (1875); Moat of Hogue, Plateau of Crique-
turned to America. Exhibits in New York, bceuf (1876); Road of Yport (1877); Two
London, Paris, and Rome. An A.N.A. of Views at Valmont (1879) Valley of Yport ;

New York and member of the London Art (1880) Street in Toledo (1881) Pool of ; ;

Club. Studio in London in 1883. Works Criquebceuf (1882); Pool of Gueville, Apple-
:

Troubadour. Young Monk, Nuremberg Tow- yard at Loysel (1883) Farm Stable, Ducks ;

ers (1876); Bronze Horses of St. Mark's (1884); Mare aux Pigeons (1885).
Venice (1877), Lady Ashburton Decorative COLLANTES, FRANCISCO, born in
;

Panel (1878); Interior of Chapel adjoining Madrid in 1599, died there in 1656. Span-
Sala del Gambia Perugia; Venice An- ish school pupil of Vincenzo Carducci ; ;

cient and Modern (1880) Remote Quarter best known as a landscape painter, though
;

of Paris in 1878 (1881). he painted also figures, animals, and fruit

COLIN, ALEXANDRE (MARIE), born and flowers. Works: Vision of Ezekiel,
in Paris, Dec. 31, 1798, died there, Nov. 23, Burning of Troy, St. Wil-
1875. Genre painter, pupil of Girodet- liam of Aquitaine, two
Trioson ; director several years of School of landscapes, Madrid Mu-
Design in Nimes. Medals 2d class, 1824 seum Burning Bush,
:
;

and 1831 ;
L. of Honour, Louvre ; Landscape, Mu-
1st class, 1840 ;

1873. Works French Fish-market (1832), nich Gallery ; St. John Baptist, Hermitage,
:

National Gallery, Berlin Scene in Otaheite, St Petersburg. Viardot, 267

;
Ch. Blanc, ;

Street of Calcutta (1841); Flanders Fisher- Ecole espagnole Madrazo, 392. ;

813
 COLLAET
COLLART, Mine. MARIE, born in Brus- COLLTNGWOOD, WILLIAM, born at
sels ; contemporary. Landscape painter. Greenwich, England, in 1819. Landscape
Medals Paris, 1870, 3d class, 1878. Works
:
painter, water-colours pupil of :
; J. D. Har-

Winter, Autumn (1868); The Source, Bake- ding first exhibited in 1839 elected associ- ; ;

room (18G9) Sunday Morning,

;
Orchard ate of Society of Painters in Water-Colours
(1870) ; Old Orchard, Winter Evening in 1855. Paints chiefly mountain scenery
(1872); Farm Yard at Dunkirk (1873) Peas- and interiors.
; Works Cloud-Caps from :

ant's Garden at Beersel Belgium, Old Summit of Suowdon, Sunset from the Rigi,
BeerselRoad in Winter (1874); View at Cal- Sunday at Haddon Hall, Lake of Como,
voet near Brussels (1875); Evening, April Mauvais Pas, Mont Blanc, Ludlow Castle.
(1879) Mill of Calvoet, Canal of Rusbraeck
; COLLINS, WILLIAM, born in London,
(1881); Valley de la Senne (1882). :, Sept. 18, 1788,'
COLLIER, JOHN, born in England ; died there, Feb.
contemporary. Figure and portrait painter. 17, 1847. Son
Works: The Aiguille verte from Argen- of a picture deal-
tiere (1877); Last Voyage of Henry Hudson er ; student at
(1881) Clytemnestra, portraits of the Lord
; Royal Academy
Chancellor, Chas. Darwin, and Sir George in 1807-14 be- ;

Campbell (1882); portrait of Huxley (1883); came an A.R.A.

Sir George Biddell Airy (1884); Lady Lo- in 1814, and R, A.
raine (1885). His wife, Marion Collier, in 1820. Paint-
daughter of Prof. Huxley, is also a painter ed chiefly land-
of promise. Her Coming Tragedian was ex- scapes with rustic groups. After visit-
hibited at Royal Academy in 1882. ing France, Holland, and Belgium, spent
COLLIN, (LOUIS JOSEPH) RAPHAEL, two years in Italy in 1836-38, and gathered
born in Paris contemporary. Figure and material for pictures of Italian life. Though
;

portrait painter, pupil of Cabanel. Medal, his art was feeble, his pictures were popular
2d class, 1873 L. of Honour, 1884. Works: on account of the character of his subjects,
;

Slumber (1873) Venetian Girl Young and many of them have been engraved.
; ;

Girl of Basle (1874); Idyl (1875); Daph- Works: Blowing Bubbles (1810); Weary
nis and Chloc (1877) The Dance (1881); Trumpeter, Young Fifer (1811) May Day
; ;

Idyl (1882); Portraits (1883); Summer (1812); Sale of Pet Lamb (1813); Bird Catch-
(1884). ers (1814); Shrimp Boys (1816); Sunrise,
COLLIN DE VERMONT, HYACINTHE, Fishermen coming Ashore (1817); Scene on
born at Versailles, January 19, 1693, died Coast of Norfolk, Bird's Nest (1818); Watch-
in Paris, February 16, 1761. French school. ing for a Bite (1820) Bird Trap (1821) ; ;

History painter, pupil of Jouvenet ;

received Woodcutters, Clovelly N. Devon (1822);
into the in 1725, professor in 1733, Fish Auction (1823); Stirling Castle, Cherry
Academy
adjunct rector in 1754. Works Birth of Seller (1824); Buying Fish on the Beach,
:

Bacchus (1725), Tours Museum Scenes in Prawn Fishers (1825); Fisherman's Depart-
;

History of Cyrus, Descent from the Cross, ure (1826) Frost Scene, Buying Fish
j
;

The Gods cutting the Wings of Cupid, (1827); Doubtful Weather, Freshwater Bay
Judgment of Solomon (1737) Marriage of ;
(1828) Morning after Storm, Summer
;

Alexander and Roxana (1745) History of ; Moonlight, Prawn Fishing (1829) Mussel ;

Cyrus (33 pictures, 1751) Presentation of ; Gatherers (1830); Shrimpers, Morning Bath,
the Virgin (1755), St. Louis', Versailles ; Nutting Party (1831); Skittle Players, Rustic
Marriage of St. Catherine, Lyons Museum. Civility (1832); Stray Kitten (1833); Rustic
Bellier de la Chavignerie, I. 279. Hospitality, Morning Lesson (1834); Mari-

314
 COLLINSON
ner'sWidow (1835) Sunday Morning, Hap- Holland (1880); Evening at Amalfi Italy,
;

py as a King, Leaving Home (1836); Scene Misty Afternoon in Venice (1881); Zandani
near Subiaco, Young Lazzaroni playing Holland, Ruins of Moorish Mosque Al-
Game of Arravoglio (1839); Christ in the geria (1882); Tower of Giralda (1884).

Temple, Ave Maria, Passing Welcome (1840); Sheldon, 72.

Disciples at Emmaus, Caves of Ulysses, COLONNA, ANGELO MICHELE, born

Woodcutter's Repast (1841); Prayer, Welsh in Como in 1000, died in Bologna in 1681
Guides (1842) Madonna, Windy Day, Sul- or 1687. Bolognese school pupil of Fer-
; ;

try Day (1843) Catechist, Morning ;

Bou- rautini and of Deutone, with the latter of
logne (1844); Fetching the Doctor, Sunrise whom he painted many frescos in Bologna,
at Sea (1845); Early Morning, Mead-foot Colonna painting the figures in his master's

Bay (1846). His son, Charles Allston Col- landscapes and architectuiiil pictures. He
lins (1828-1873), who married Charles acquired a great reputation as a decorative
Dickens's daughter, was also a geure painter, fresco painter. After the death of Dentone
but turned to literature. Memoir by his (1632) he associated with himself Agostino
son, Wilkie Collins (London, 1848); Sandby, Metelli, and the two executed numerous
i. 365 Art Union Monthly Journal, April, works in Bologna, Ravenna, Parma, Modena,
;

1847 ;
Art Journal (1855), 141; Redgrave, Rome, and other cities. In 1659 they went,
Century, ii. 410 ;
Ch. Blanc, ficole anglaise. at the invitation of Philip IV., to Madrid,
j

COLLINSON, ROBERT, born in Chesh- and decorated several halls in the palace
ire, 1832.
July, Landscape and genre of Bueii Retiro. After Metelli's death Co-
painter, student of Government Schools of lonna returned to Italy, and with Giacomino
Design, Manchester removed about 1854 to Alboresi as his collaborator executed many
;

London, where he was for many years pro- important works in Bologna, Florence, and
fessor of painting in the S. Kensington elsewhere. Malvasia, ii. 345 Lanzi, iii. 136 ; ;

schools. Works: Hopes and Fears (1862); Ch. Blanc, ficole bolonaise Gualandi, Guida. ;

Ordered on Foreign Service (1864); Money COLOTES, painter, of Teos, about 396
Changer, Leisure Hour (1865); Close of B.C. He was defeated in a painting contest
Day (1868); Sacred Spot (1869); Dawn of by Tiinanthes, whose famous picture of the
Hope (1870); Absorbed in Robinson Crusoe Sacrifice of Iphigenia carried off the prize.
(1871); To Win or Die (1872); The Escape Quin. ii. 13, 12.
(1873); Leaves from Nature (1874); Sunday COLUMBARIUM, Hector Lcroux, Lux-
Afternoon (1875) Home, Mill Pool (1878); embourg, Paris canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in. x 3 ft.
; ;

Light in the Cottage (1879); English Home 4 in. A funeral in the Columbarium of
(1883) The Last Mile (1884).
;
the Palace of the Ciesars, Rome. The pro-
COLMAN, SAMUEL, born in Portland, cession is coming down a steep stairway,
Me., in 1832. Landscape painter, pupil of the upper part of which is illuminated by
A B. Durand in New York. Visited France sunlight through an archway below, at ;

and Spain in 1860-62 went abroad a sec- right, two musicians. Salon, 1864.
;

ond time in 1871, and travelled in Switzer- COLUMBINE, LA, Bernardino Luini,
land, Germany, North Africa, Italy, France, formerly attributed to Leonardo da Vinci,
I

and Spain. Elected N. A. in 1862. Studio Hermitage, St. Petersburg wood, trans- ;

in New York. Works Bay of Gibraltar ferred to canvas, H. 1 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 2 in.
:
;
;

Andernach on the Rhine Street Scene A beautiful girl, "en deshabille, "sits under
;

in Caen Normandy Market Day in a rock overgrown with ivy, looking at a

;

Brittany Le Mans Arab Caravansary columbine held in her left hand her white
; ;

(1879) Arab ; Burying-Ground, Genesee dress, with yellow ornaments, is held by a

River at Avon, Dutch Boats off Coast of jewelled brooch, leaving one breast uncover-
:

315
 COLUMBUS
ed ;
a blue tunic from the left shoulder.
falls COLUMBUS, LANDING OF, John Van-
Believed to be a portrait of one of the mis- derlyn, rotunda of Capitol, Washington can- ;

tresses of Francis I. Called also Flora and vas, H. 12 ft. x 18 ft. The first landing of
In cabinet of Marie de Medicis in Columbus and his followers in the New
Vanity.
1649 afterward in Orleans Gallery, whence World at San Salvador. Painted in 18
;

sold (1829) to Mr. Udney for $105, passed for $10,000. Engraved on back of $5 United
thence to Banker Walckiers, Brussels, and States national bank notes.
then togallery of The Hague sold at sale COLUMBUS, DEATH OF, Gustaav Wap-
;

of William n. (1850) to Hermitage for Columbus, lying upon

pers, private gallery.
his bed, places his hand on the head of a
young man kneeling beside him by the ;

bedside is a large chest, from which the

chains Columbus had worn are partly hang-
ing out. Engraved by D. Devachez. Art
Journal (1865), 268.
COLYER, VINCENT, bora at
Blooming-
dale, N. Y., in 1825. Landscape painter ;

pupil of John B. Smith and of the National

Academy. Practised his profession in New
York many years, exhibiting at the National
Academy. Elected an A.N.A. in 1849. Stu-
dio in Rowayton, Conn. Works Johnson :

Straits Columbia, J. N. Stearns,

British
New York Columbia River (1875); Portrait
;

of Geo. H. Story, National Academy, New

York ;
Pueblo Indian Village, Passing
Shower (1876); Home of the Yackamas
Oregon, H. Bigelow, New York Contraband, ;

T. Kensett, Baltimore Darien Shore

;
Con-
necticut, Rainy Day on Connecticut Shore,
Sunrise (1881) Winter on Connecticut
;

La Columbine, Bernardino Luini, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Shore, Winter Bit (1884); Spring Flowers
(1885).
40,000 florins. Copy House, Lon- COMAN, CHARLOTTE B., bom at
in Stafford

don, and another at Stratton (Sir Thos. Bar- Waterville, N. Y.; contemporary. Landscape-
ing). Attributed by C. & C. to A. Solario. painter,pupil of James Brevoort, of H.
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 58 ; Heaton, 258, 296 ; Thompson, and in Paris of Emile Vernier.
Waagen, Ermitage, 35 Vasari, ed. Mil.,
;
Painted six years in France and Holland.
iv.

63 ; Eigollot, Hist, des Studio in New York. Works French Vil-

Arts, etc., i. 292. :

COLUMBUS DISCOVERING LAND, lage (1876); Sunset at the Seaside ^France

Hermann Freihold Pluddeman, National (1877); Near Fontainebleau, Borders of the
Gallery, Berlin canvas, H. 4 ft. x 4 f t. 7 in. Marne, Peasant Home in Normandy (1878);
; ;

signed, dated 1836. Columbus leans against Cottage in Picardy (1881); Old Windmills
!

the mast with folded hands and upraised in Holland, Spring Time in Picardy France
eyes, while his officers prostrate themselves (1882) View near Schiedam Holland ;

before him in shame and near (1883); Street in Cernoy La Ville France,
contrition ;

the bow, sailors greet the land with passion- Farmer's Cottage in Picardy (1884); Poppy
ate gestures others embrace each other.
;
Field in Normandy (1885).

310
 CJOMBA
COMBA Y GARCIA, Don JUAN con- the Cathedral of Toledo from 1547 until his
;

temporary. Historical genre painter. Medal, death. Painted many ecclesiastical digni-
Madrid, 1885. Works Dona Leonor la taries. Stirling, i. 149.
:

Bella asking Justice of Don Pedro I. of Cas- COMPROMISE OF NOBLES AT BRUS-

tile (1878);At the Ringing of the Angelus SELS, Edouard de Hit-fur., Brussels Muse-
(1881); Idealism and Reality (1885). La um canvas. Signing of the protest against ;

Hustracion (1878), i. 402 (1879), i. 76 the arbitrary acts of Philip IL by the nobles
; ;

(1881), ii. 331; (1885), i. 235. of the Netherlands, in the Hotel Cuylenburg,
COMBAT, Wm. Ethj, National Gallery, Brussels, Feb. 16, 1566. In the foreground
Edinburgh canvas, H. 10 ft. 4 in. x 13 ft. is Count Philip van Marnix, author of the
;

3 in. Two men fighting the younger, whose document, and facing him, Count Horn,
;

sword lies broken at his feet, is wounded about to sign it on the steps behind, Count
;

and forced upon his knees, while his ad- Brederode talks to the assembly; Egmont is
versary, grasping him by the hair, is about seated in an arm-chair in right foreground,
to deal a deadly blow, but is restrained by a with William of Orange standing near him.
woman who throws hei'self at the conquer- Painted in 1841. Replica in small, National
or's feet and appeals for
mercy. Royal Gallery, Berlin.
Academy, 1825 ; sold to John Martin, 300. COMPTE-CAUX, FRANCOIS CLAUDI-
Engraved by G. T. Doo. Painters of Geor- US, bom at Lyons,
gian Era, 67; Gilchrist, Life, 227. Aug. 28, 1813, died
COMERRE, LfiON FRANCOIS, born at at Chazay-d'Azergues,
Trelon (Nord) contemporary. Genre paint- July 29, 1880. Gen-
;

er, pupil of Cabanel. Won the grand prix de re painter, pupil of

Rome in 1875. Medals 3d class, 1875 2d Jean CL Bonnefond.
:
;

class, 1881; Philadelphia Exhibition, 1876. Many of his works

have been engraved
and lithographed.
Leon Medals 3d class,
:

l8t 1844,
1863.
1857, 1859,
Works: Mother and Stepmother
Works Cassandra (1875) ; Juno, Jezebel
:
(1845); Love in the Castle and Love in the
devoured by Dogs (1878); Amorous Lion Cottage (1846); Alone in the World (1848);
(1879); Samson and Delilah (1881); A Star Fortune and Happiness (1852); Encourage-
(1882); Silenus and Bacchantes (1883); Pier- ment and Forgiveness (1855) The Four ;

rot, Madeleine (1884). Corners, Poor Mother (1857) Frightened

;

COMMITTEE ON MORAL BOOKS, Deer (1858); The Heart's Victory (1859); No

Georges Jean Vibert, Wm. H. Vanderbilt, Smoke without some Fire, Learning to Sin
New York ; canvas, H. 1 ft. 7 in. x 2 ft. (1861); Departure of the Swallows, Old
2 in. Two are examining
holy fathers, who Friend (1863) Boarding-House Friends,
;

the books and committing the indecorous Swallow's Nest (1864); Viper's Nest, Rose is
ones to the flames, are having a good laugh Dead (1865); Evening (1866); Woman Read-
over some racy passage which one of them ing, Country Agent (1867) Orphan Girl ;

is reading aloud. Latham sale, New York, (1869); Poor Love (1870); Geography Les-
1878, $4100. son (1872); Simple Story (1873); Don't waken
COMONTES, FRANCISCO, died in To- Him, Adam and Eve, Souvenir of Cannes
ledo, Feb. 10, 1565. Spanish school history (1874); Path that leads very Far, Where are
;

and portrait painter, son and pupil of liiigo they Going? Good-Night, Neighbour (1875);
Comontes, scholar of Rincon. Painter to Venice in IGth Century, Not the Smallest
317
 COMTE
Brother (1876); Wedding in La Bresse, He CONCA, SEBASTIANO, born at Gaeta
told Me (1877); Search for the Truth, Tell in 1679, died in Naples in 1764. Neapoli-
me about That (1878); Attacking the First tan school history painter, pupil of Fr. ;

Lines, Dead Leaves (1879); Susannah Bath- Solimena visited Rome in 1706 and drew ;

from the antique for five years. Employed

in decorating S. Clemente with frescos, he
A -Co\\K executed his task so successfully that Clem-
ent XL knighted him and gave him many

ing, The Hospital Nurse

(1880). Larousse; public commissions. He painted also for
Hamerton, Painting in France Kunst-Chro- the kings of Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, and
;

nik, xv. 688 Montrosier. ; Poland, for the Elector of Cologne, and for
COMTE, PIERRE CHARLES, born in the cities of Siena, Pisa, Loretto, Palermo,
Lyons, April 23, 1823. Genre and history and Gaeta ; but he was indebted rather to
painter pupil of
; Delaroche, H. Vernet, and the decadence of art in his time than to any
Robert Fleury. Medals 3d class, 1852 ; original merit. Works: Abraham sending
:

2d class, 1853, 1855, and 1857, and 3d class, away Hagar, Berlin Museum ; Herod and
1867 ;
L. of Honour, 1857. Works Last the Magi, Dresden Gallery Joseph in Prison,
:
;

Throw of Dice, Coronation of Inez de Cas- Darmstadt Museum ; Christ in the Wilder-
tro, Charles IX. visiting Coligny, Jeanne ness, Death of Seneca,
d'Albret with Rene (1848 to 1853); Henri
f \r Madrid Museum; Assurnp-
III.and Duke of Guise (1855), Luxembourg tion, S. Martino and S.
Museum Arrest of Cardinal de Guise and
; Luca, Rome St. Francis ;

of d'Espaignac, Bass Viol Player (1855) Xavier, Aucona Museum. His

; brother, Gi-
Lady Jane Grey, Henri HI. visiting his ovanni Conca, painted in his style and made
Menagerie (1857); Alain Chartier and Mar- good copies. Lanzi (Roscoe), i. 517.

garet of Scotland, Cardinal Richelieu (1859); CONCEPTION, IMMACULATE (Fr.,

Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles Conception ; Ital., Concepcion ; Sp., Con-
VLL (18G1) Charles V. and the Duchesse
; cepcion Ger., Empfiingniss Maria).
;
The
d'Ktampes, Recreation of Louis XI. when pictorial representation of the doctrine that
Sick, Rabelais's Seigni Joan (1863); Eleanor the Virgin came into the world free from
of Este making her Son, Henry of Guise, the stain of original sin.
swear to avenge his Father (1864); Charles By J/un'Wo, Mrs. Wm. H. Aspiuwall, New
V. in Castle of Ghent after Abdication, York canvas, H. 6 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft. 5 in.
;

Young Dutch Lady embroidering (1866); The Virgin, looking up to left, standing
Henri ILL at Time of Murder of Duke of in hollow of crescent moon, with hands on
Guise, Body-Guard of 17th Century (1867) ;
|
breast beneath each side, four cherubs,
;

Gypsies exhibiting Dancing Pigs to Louis \

with palm, lily, and olive branches above, ;

XL, The Mirror (1869) Marie Touchet ;

j
each side, five heads. Taken from Royal
(1870); Carp at Fontainebleau in 16th Cen-
}
Palace, Madrid, by General Desolle, whose
tury (1874); Winter (1876); Cards, Don daughter sold it to Mr. Woodburn, from
Quixote's Niece (1877); Dante (1878); Love whom bought by King of Holland for about

chasing Time, Time chasing Love (1879,); .4,000 ;

sold in 1857 to Mr. Aspinwall.
Francis I. putting Rings upon Carp at Fon- Repetitions : Lord Overstone, London with ;

tainebleau (1880) Corps de Garde under

;
changes, Louis Philippe sale (1853). Stir-
Louis XIII, The Pigeons (1884). Works in ling, iii. 1418 ; Harper's Weekly, June 30,
United States Scene at Fontainebleau
: 1858 ; Curtis, 132.
(1874), Corcoran Gallery, Washington ; The Murillo, Capuchin Church, Cadiz canvas, ;

Young Prince, W. H. Vauderbilt, N. Y. H. 6 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft. 4 in. The Virgin,

318
 CONCEPTION
standing in hollow of crescent moon, look- heads, and opposite, two cherubs with a
ing upward, with hands on breast above scarf. Carried to Venice by Marques do
;

her head, a circle of stars; around her, Esquilache, Spanish Ambassador became ;

cherubs and heads. Ponz, Viage, xvii. 340 property of Cardinal Gregorio, who gave it ;

Curtis, 127. to Pius VI., who gave to his nephew, the

it

By Murillo, Win. C. Cartwright, Aynhoe, Duke Braschi ; bought from Duke Braschi
Northamptonshire, England ; canvas, H. 5 in 1842 for Hermitage. Repetition : Mrs.
ft. 6 in. x3 ft. G in. The
Virgin, looking up front,
standing in hollow of cres-
cent, with hands crossed
on breast at her feet, five
;

cherubs, one with a palm ;

two others hold roses and

lilies ; above, in each cor-
ner, four heads.Brought
from Spain about 1760 by
John Blackwood, from
whom, by inheritance.
Mezzo, by McArdell.
Curtis, 131.
By Murillo, Earl of
Northbrook, London can- ;

vas, H. 6 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 9

in. The Virgin, standing
in hollow of crescent, tips
of fingers touching before
left shoulder ; beneath,
ten cherubs with a palm,
flowers and square mirror;
above, each side, six heads.
Formerly in Convent of
Carmelitas Descalzos,
Madrid brought from
;

Spain by Lebrun. En-

graved by M. S. Cannon a;
K. Graves. C. Bermudez,
ii. 63; Ponz, Viage, v. 248;
Immaculate Conception, Murillo, Louvre.
Buchanan, Memoirs, ii.

255 Curtis, 131.

; Culling-Hanbury, Hertfordshire ;
in family
j

By
Murillo, Hermitage, St. Petersburg since 1766 ; bought in at Culling-Eardley
;

canvas, H. 7 ft. 9 in. x 6 ft. 5 in. The Vir- sale (1860) at 9,000 engraved by Knolle. ;

gin, standing on outside of a crescent, look- Curtis, 134-5 ; Hermitage Cat., 128. \

ing up nearly front ; tips of fingers touch By Murillo, Louvre ; canvas, H. 1 ft. 2 in.

before left shoulder ; beneath her feet four x 10 in. Called in Louvre Cat Vierge glo-
heads on right of these a cherub, and on rieuse.
; The Virgin, about twelve years old,
four others, three of whom hold flowers, standing on a globe, looking down and
'

left

palm, and olive in left upper corner, five front, tips of her fingers touching before left
;

319
 CONCEPTION
shoulder on left, three cherubs and three holds her flowing mantle, others with palms
;

heads on right, two cherubs and five heads; and roses two cherubs on left hold a mir-
;
;

below, on
right, buildings faintly seen.
ror above, many heads. Collection of Isa- ;

129 Madrazo, 481.

Bought in 1855 from Jos6 de Mazarredo. bel Farnese. Curtis, ;

Lithographed by Llanta. Curtis, 131 Vil- By Murillo, Madrid Museum canvas, H. ; ;

lot, Cat. Louvre. Virgin, looking 6 ft. 9 in. x4 ft. 9 in. The
By Murillo, Louvre ; canvas, H. 5 ft. 8 in. front, standing in hollow of crescent moon,
x 9 ft. 4 in. The Virgin, looking down and palms of hands touching before left shoul-
front, standing in hollow of crescent moon, der beneath, four cherubs, with flowers and ;

the tips of her fingers touching before left palms ; above, four heads in each corner.
breast beneath, on left, six half-length wor-
;

shippers, one pointing to Virgin

on right ;

two cherubs bearing a scroll above, each ;

side, three heads. Painted about 1665 for

S. M. de las Nieves (la Blanca), Seville ; orig-
inally semicircular, but enlarged carried ;

off by Marshal Soult purchased for Louvre ;

of M. Lorn (1817) for G,000 fr. Engraved

by Migneret. C. Bermudez, ii. 52 Carta, ;

62 Filhol, Musee, xi. 43 Villot, Cat. Louvre;

; ;

Curtis, 130.
By Murillo, Louvre canvas, H. 9
;
ft. x6 ft.

3 The Virgin, standing in hollow of cres-

in.

cent moon, looking upward to left, her hands

on her breast surrounded by many cherubs ;

and heads. Painted in 1678 for the Hospital

de los Venerables Sacerdotes carried off by ;

Marshal Soult, who offered it for sale in

1823 at 250,000 fr.; sold at Soult sale (1852)
to French Government for 615,300 fr. (in-

cluding government tax of 5 per cent.), the

highest price ever paid for any picture up
to that time. Copy, with changes, by Cle-
mente de Torres, in Cathedral,Cadiz. Study,
signed and dated 1664, in possession of
Countess of Rosebery. Engraved by A. Le-
fevre ;
Burdet ;
L. Massard Cousin W.
; ;

French Eegnault (bust only) Mezzo, by

; ;

H. Eichens Cornillet (2); lithographed by

;

Llanta Immaculate Conception, Murillo, Madrid Museum.

Geoffroy Pingot Graille Jacott,
; ; ; ;

and others. Ch. Blanc, ICcole espagnole; From Palace of S. Ddefonso. One of the
Cean Bermudez, Carta, 93 Ponz, Viage, ix. best representations of the subject. Litho-
;

123 Gaz. des B. Arts (1875); Curtis, 129 graphed by F. de Craene A. Lemoine H.
; ; ; ;

Villot, Louvre. Raunheim E. Lasalle mezzo, by D. Mai-- ; ;

Murillo, Madrid Museum ; canvas, H. tinez.

By Dohme Becker Curtis, 128 ; Ma- ; ;

3 in. x 2 ft.
ft. 2 The Virgin, standing on a drazo, 481.
crescent with joined hands and eyes raised By Murillo, Madrid Museum canvas, H. ; ;

at her feet, three cherubs, one of whom 7 ft. 3 in. x3 ft. 11 in. The Virgin, looking

380
 CONCEPTION
upward, standing in hollow of crescent five heads on right, beneath, a cherub with ;

moon, with hands crossed on her breast five roses above, three cherubs with a scarf. ; ;

cherubs grouped at her feet, one with lilies Painted about 1676 for Capuchin Convent,
and roses, another with palm and olive Seville placed in Museum in 1840. Repe- ;

branches. Brought to Madrid in 1816 from tition, with slight changes Samuel Sandars, :

Palace of Aranjuez. Engraved by B.Vasquez; Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Cean Bermudez,

mezzo., J. Ballin. Curtis, 128 Madrazo, Carta, 93 Curtis, 126. ; ;

482. By Murillo, Seville Museum ; canvas, arched

By Murillo, S. Felipe Neri, Cadiz ; figures top, H. 9 The Virgin, ft. 2 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.

full-length, life-size. The Virgin, standing looking upward, standing in hollow of a cres-
on clouds, looking up to right, the palms of cent ; on each side, three cherubs and some
her hands touching before her left breast ;
heads above, the Father Eternal with arms
;

about her, heads and cherubs, two of whom outstretched beneath, the dragon on a sec-
;

extend their hands as if to crown her. Pa- tion of the globe. Painted about 1676 for
lomino, iii. 422 Curtis, 127. ; Capuchin Convent, near the Cordova Gate,
By Murillo, Seville Cathedral, Chapter Seville removed on its suppression in 1835 ;

Room wood, figures life-size. The Virgin,

;
to Cathedral thence in 1840 to Museum. ;

looking down to right, standing in hollow of Cean Bermudez, Carta, 88 Pouz, Viage, is. ;

crescent moon, the palms of her hands 138 Curtis, 124. ;

touching before her left breast beneath, By Gio. Andrea Sirani, Bologna Gallery
; ;

three heads and three cherubs with roses canvas, H. 7 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 10 in. The
and palm above these, on each side, two Virgin, surrounded by a glory of angels,
;

cherubs, and above them, eight heads. standing upon the crescent moon, which
Painted about 1668; never engraved. Cur- rests upon the head of the serpent coiled
tis, 127. round the globe of the earth above, the ;

By Murillo, Seville Museum canvas, H. Eternal, with his hands upon her shoulders.
;

2 ft. X1 ft. 6 in. The

Virgin, looking up to Formerly in Ch. dell' Osservanza. Engraved
right, standing inhollow of crescent moon, by F. Rosaspina. Piuac. di Bologna, PI.
the palms of her hands touching before her 28.
left shoulder above her head, a circle of
;
By Sjtagnoletto, Madrid Museum canvas, ;

stars beneath her feet, three heads, and

; H. 7 ft. 3 in. x 5
stand- ft. 3 in. The Virgin
three in each corner above. From Colegio ing above the moon, trampling upon the
de Maese Eodrigo, Seville. Curtis, 127. dragon, in a glory of light and clouds with
By Murillo, Seville Museum canvas, H. ; cherubim and seraphim ; below, a land-
12 ft. 10 in. x 9 ft. The Virgin, looking scape with the sea in distance, and at-

downward, standing on a globe, her hands tributes of the Virgin. Bought by Ferdi-
the palms touching raised above left nand Vn. in 1833. Madrazo.
shoulder one cherub on right, three on left.
;
By Velaxquez, Sir Bartle Frere Collection,
Painted in 1645-48 for church of convent of London H. 4 ft. 6 in. X 3 ft. 4 in. The Vir- ;

S. Francisco, Seville. Engraved by J. M. gin, her head surrounded by a glory of stars,

Martin lithographed by G. Weinhold. C. with her hands joined and long hair falling
;

Bermudez
'

; Carta, 97 ; Quilliet ; on her shoulders, stands on a transparent

Curtis, 126.
By Murillo, Seville Museum ;
globe, around and through which are seen a
canvas, H.
7 ft. 4 in. x 5 ft. 10 in. The Virgin, looking temple, ship, trees, etc. Formerly in Con-
upward to right, standing
in hollow of a vent of Carmelitas Calzados, Seville bought, ;

crescent left, beneath,

; on
three heads and with St. John Evangelist, in 1809, from Don
four cherubs, two of whom hold a round Manuel Lopez Cepero, President of Acad-
mirror, a third with a palm branch above, emy of Fine Arts, Seville. First manner.
;

321
 CONCERT
Stirling, iii. 1450 ; Jameson, Madonna, 49 ;
with his bow to a bar of music, concerning

3. which another is questioning him a third in ;

Curtis,
tuning a lute, and thefourth, a child, holds
Subject treated also by Giorgio Vasari, j

Lucca Gallery ;
Benozzo Gozzoli, Pisa Gal- a violin. Painted at Rome for Cardinal Lu-
Piero di Cosimo, Uffizi, Florence 1

dovisi ;
sold by his nephew, Prince Ludovisi,
lery ;

to M. de Noguet, who took

it to France passed, with;

Domenichino's St. Cecilia,

through hands of Jabach, to
Louis XIV. Burned with Cha-
teau in 1870 ? Musee fran-
i.
yais,
By Oiorgione, Pitti, Flor-
ence ; canvas, H. 3 ft 6 in.
X 4 ft. Figures half-length.
An Augustinian monk sits at
a harpsichord, with his fin-
gers on the keys; he has just
struck a chord, and turns to
his companions, a clerk, bald,
dressed in white and black,
with a lute, and a young
in Spanish costume, man
Concert, Michaelangelo da Caravaggio, Louvre, Paris.
with long hair, and cap with
Girolamo Mazzuola, Parma Gallery Dosso white feathers. No simpler yet more effec-;

Dossi, Dresden Gallery Carlo Maratti, tive picture than this is to be found among the
;

Vienna Museum Sassoferrato, Brera, Mi- masterpieces of the 16th century.

;
Figures
Ian Juan de Juanes, Granada Museum long thought to be portraits of Calvin,
; ;

Antonio Palomino, ib. Agostino del Cas- Luther, and Melancthon. Bought in 17th
;

tiUo, Cordova Cathedral Valdes Leal (2), ;

Convent of La Merced, Seville Vincenzo ;

Carducci, Fomento Museum, Madrid G. ;

B. Tiepolo, ib. Tintoretto, Church of La

;

Madonnetta, Genoa G. B. Paggi, Capuchin ;

Church, ib. Rubens, Madrid Museum Pi-

; ;

chon (Salon, 1868).

CONCERT, Michelangelo da Caravaggio,
Louvre, Paris ; canvas, H. 4 ft. X 5 ft. 7 in.
Eight musicians, half-length, standing be-
fore a desk, playing different instruments ;

an organist, seated upon a stool, accompanies

them. Filhol, iv. PI. 248 Landon, Musee, ;

xii. PI. 70.

Concert, Giorgione, Pitti, Florence.
By Domenichino, formerly at St. Cloud ;

canvas, H. 4 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft. 5 in. Four century by Leopold of Tuscany from Paolo
young men standing around a table, on del Sera. Copy in Palazzo Doria, Rome,
which lie a guitar and music books one, Engraved by Rossi. C. & C., N. Italy, ii ; j

richly dressed, holds a violin and points 144 ;

Gal. du Pal. Pitti, i. PI. 5.
 CONCERT
By Gerard Terburg, Louvre, Paris ; wood, um ; canvas, H. 3 ft. X 4 ft. 4 in. To settle
H. 1 ft. 6 ill. x 1 ft. 5 in. ; signed. A young the differences between the Protestants and
woman, seated near a is singing, the Catholics a conference was held at Poissy,
table,
holding a sheet of music in one hand and in 1561, in the presence of Catherine de
beating time with the other at left, be- Medicis and the young King Charles IX.
;
j

hind the table, a woman standing accom- Theodore Beza appeared for the Protest-
panies her with a sistrum at right, a page ants. Salon, 1840. ;
j

brings a glass upon a silver tray. Villot, CONFERENCE, RETURN FROM, Gus-
Cat. Louvre. tave Courbet, Louvre ; canvas. A party of
CONCERT, RUSTIC, Gioryione (?), Lou- jolly monks, returning from the conference,
vre canvas, H. 3 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft 3 in.
;
A are evidently under the influence of wine.
nude woman, with back to spectator, sits One, mounted upon a donkey, is held in his
under a tree with two youug men, one seat by two of his comrades, while others fol-
holding a lute ;
at the left, a

scantily clad woman pours

water into a stone tank from
a glass vase ;
in glade beyond,
a shepherd. Probably by an
imitator of Sebastian del Pi-
ombo. In collection of Charles
L of England ; acquired by
Jabach, who
it to Louis sold
XTV. Engraved by N. Dupuy;
Hoelzel ; J. Falck. C. & C.,
N. Italy, ii. 146 ; Cab. Crozat,
ii.; Musfe fran(;ais, ii.; Filhol,
iii. 213 : Laiidon, Musee, vii.

PL 59.
CONCERT OF WOMEN,
Tintoretto, Dresden Gallery ;

canvas, H. 4 ft. 8 in.xG ft. 11

Rultic Concert, Giorgiont, Louvre.
in. Several young women,
nude, playing musical instruments. From low in a straggling procession. In fore-
Prague Gallery. Restored by Palmeroli. ground, left, are a peasant and his wife, the
CONDEMNED MAN, LAST DAY OF, latter kneeling devoutly, the former standing
Michael Munkdasy, Mrs. W. P. Wilstach, in a defiant and contemptuous attitude.
Philadelphia. Scene interior of a Hunga- Painted in 1863. Purchased at Lepel-Coin-
:

rian prison. A condemned man receiving, tet sale for 15,600 francs.
on the day before execution, according to CONFESSORS, RIVAL, Eduardo 7xima-
local custom, visits from his townsmen, who cois, J. J. Astor, New York canvas, H. 1 ft. ;

bring offerings of money to pay for masses 6 in. x 2 ft. The interior of a church, with
for his soul. A. Mathey (1883). altar at left, the candles on which are being
Etched by !

Photogravure Art Treasures of America, lighted by a Benedictine monk

in at right, ;
j

Art Treas. of Amer., iii. 30. two confessionals, a monk of same order in '

CONEGLIANO, BATTISTA DA. See each box one, austere and grim, has no
'

Cima da Conegliano. penitents before him, while the other, with

a
|

CONFERENCE AT POISSY, Joseph round, benevolent face, is thronged. Salon,

Nicolas /fo&ert-Fleury, Luxembourg Muse- 1869 sold to John Taylor Johnston at
;
;
 OONGNET
liis sale (1876),
$6,500. Photogravure in whence he moved to Amsterdam. At first
Art Treasures of America. Art. Treas. of he painted landscapes of extraordinary size,

Amer., ii. 6. in which Marten van Cleef supplied the

CONGNET, GILLIS, called Gillis met de figures afterwards smaller ones in the man-
I
;

Vlek, born atAntwerp in 1535, died at Ham- ner of Viuckebooms. Works Jonah preach- :

burg, Dec. 27, 1599. Flemish school his- ing to the Ninevites (1585), Copenhagen
;

tory and portrait painter, pupil of Antonius Gallery; Landscapes with Figures and Birds
Palermo and of Lambert Wenslyns, then (1598, 1604), Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna.
spent several years in Italy. Master of Ant- Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 438 Biog. nat. de ;

werp guild in 1561, dean in 1584-85. The Belgique, iv. 359 Journal des B. Arts (1870), ;

siege of Antwerp caused him to remove to 50 Van den Branden, 306. ;

Amsterdam, whence he afterwards went to CONINXLO (Conixlo), JAN VAN, born

_ Hamburg. at Brussels about 1489, died in Antwerp (?).
8 Flemish school, history painter son of a ;

on cf
>? /e/ et S^u
f painter of the same name removed to Ant- ;

J ^J
Piersou la werp, where he was received into the guild
Hues, St. in 1552, and became a citizen in 1555. His
George (1581), Antwerp Museum. Allgem. works were formerly attributed to Gillis van
d. Biog., iv. 437 Biog. nat.;
de Belgique, C. Works Triptych with Scenes in Life of :

iv. 269 Cat. du Musee d'Anvers (1874), 90; St. Ann (1546), Birth of St. Nicholas, Death
;

Van den Branden, 271. of St. Nicholas, Christ among the Doctors,
CONINCK, DAVID DE, born in Antwerp Marriage at Cana, Brussels Museum. By
in 1636, died in Rome in 1687. Flemish Cornelia van Conixlo, otherwise unknown, is
school. Animal and still-life painter, pupil a picture in the same museum: Parentage of
of Peeter Boel master of the guild in 1663. the Virgin (signed and dated 1526).
; Biog.
After travelling through Germany and nat. de Belgique, iv. 357 Fetis, Cat. du ;

France, settled in Rome, where he was re- Mus. royal, 103.

ceived into the guild under the name of Ra- CONRAD, ALBERT, born at Torgau,
melaar (rabbit), owing to the frequent oc- Feb., 1837. Genre and architecture painter,
currence of that animal in his pictures. mostly self-taught. Travelled in Tyrol, West-
Works Bear Hunt, Stag Hunt, Amsterdam phalia, and on the Rhine. Studio in Berlin.
:

Museum Garden with Domestic Animals, His genre scenes are mostly humorous.
;

Works Well in Castle-Yard at Merseburg

:
;

Yard of Castle Hartenfels near Torgau,

Barred, Pay Toll Hiding Place Goose
I !
;

Ghent Museum Dead Ducks on a Tree, Market in Berlin. Miiller, 111.

;

Museum, Vienna; Dead Game, Liechtenstein CONRAD, KARL EMANTJEL, born in

Gallery, ib. Michiels, x. 327. 'Berlin, March 30, 1810, died in Cologne,
CONINCXLO (Couinxloo, Couiucxloy), July 12, 1873. Architecture painter pupil ;

GILLIS VAN, born in Antwerp, Jan. 24, of Berlin

'

Academy, then in 1835-39 of

1544, died in Amsterdam after 1604. Flem- Dtisseldorf Academy. Taught perspective
ish school ; landscape painter, pupil of there, and was professor at the Realschule.
Pieter Coecke the younger, then of one Works St. Quirin's Church in Neuss, Inter-
:

Leenaert Kroes, and of Mostaert received ; ior St. Severin's in Cologne (1837) View of ;

into the guild in 1570. After travelling in Wetzlar (1840); Mentz Cathedral (1841);
France, he returned to Antwerp, but during Cologne Cathedral (1842); Replica inRavene
the siege left for Zeeland, and then lived Gallery, Berlin ; Custom House in London
for ten years in Frankenthal, Palatinate, (1852); Interior of
Cologne Cathedral (1871).
|

324
 CONRADER
AUgein. d. Biogr., iv. 441; Kunst-Chronik, has become more widely known through the
viii. 675 ; Brockhaus, iv.564. two landscapes, the Rainbow and Weymouth
CONRADER, GEORG, born in Munich Bay, presented to the Louvre by Mr. Wilson,
in 1838. History painter, pupil of Munich in 1873. The influence he exerted upon the
Academy and of Piloty was in 1860 profes- modern school of French landscape paint-
;

sor at the Art School, Weimar, and in 1862 ing, which is incontestable, fully entitled him
professor at the Munich Academy. Works to a place in the great national French col-
:

Tilly in Gravedigger's House in Leipsic lection. While there are many landscape
(1860); Destruction of Carthage (1861), Max- painters who can paint nature in her tran-
imilianeum, Munich; Tasso in Prison, Char- quil moods, when she sits motionless as a
lotte Corday (1869) Mary Stuart and Rizzio
; model, there are but few who, like Con-
(1876); Death of Joseph II. (1874); Meeting stable, can fix upon canvas the coming storm,
of Joseph II. and Pius VI. in 1782. In fres- the rising wind, and the rapidly changing
co Foundation of Academy of Sciences, sunset. In treating masses of cloud driving
:

Natural Museum, Munich. Brockhaus, iv. across the sky or brooding over the tree-
565 Muller, 111.
; tops he has no rival. His pictures are some-
CONSONI, NICCOLA, bora at Rieti, Pe- times heavily loaded, his foregrounds not
rugia, iu 1814. History painter, pupil of free from spottiuess, but their brilliancy,
Perugia Academy under Giovanni Sangui- vigour of tone, and truth in representing
netti and in Rome of Tommaso Mainardi. accidental effects is such as to condone all
Works in fresco Scenes from New Testa- shortcomings.
: Works Cornfield (1826) :
;

ment (1840), Vatican, Rome; Minerva's Con- Valley Farm (1835), Cornfield with figures
test with the Pierides (1845), Library, Pa- (sketch), Barnes Common, National Gallery,
lazzo Corsini, ib.; Raphael's Hours, Buck- London Weymouth Bay (1827), Cottage
;

ingham Palace, London Crucifixion, Ascen- (1818), Rainbow (sketch of Salisbury Cathe-
;

sion, The Patriarchs (1861), Prince Albert's dral), Landscape (sketch of Hampstead
Mausoleum, Osborne. Muller, 112. Heath), Louvre Salisbury Cathedral (1823), ;

CONSTABLE, JOHN, born at East Berg- Dedham Mill (1820), Hampstead Heath (2,
holt, Suffolk, June 1827 and 1830), Boat Building, Water Mead-
11, 1776, died in ows, S. Kensington Museum Salisbury ;

London, March 30, Cathedral, Yarmouth Pier (1831). Leslie,

1837. Landscape Memoir (London, 1842); Ch. Blanc, Ecole
painter, pupil of anglaise ;
F. de Couches ; Lucas, English
Royal Academy in Landscape Scenery from Constable's pictures
1799, and later of (London, 1855); Art Journal (1855), 9; Sand-
Joseph Farrington by, ii. 54 Portfolio (1873), 93, 108, 117.
;

and RR Reinagle. CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY, TRIAL

After painting por- OF, Toby Kosenthal, Irving M. Scott, San
traits and
history,
k Francisco ; canvas, H. 5 ft. x 8 ft. Scene
from Marmiou, Canto H. Constance, who
lie turned to landscape art as his real voca-

He
ran away from her convent to follow Marmi-
tion, exhibiting his first picture in 1802.
did not, however, become a member of the on, is tried for her crime before the holy
Royal Academy until 1829 (A.R.A., 1819), fathers in the subterranean dungeons of the
and never during his lifetime enjoyed any monastery and condemned to be immured
great popularity in his native country. In alive in the wall. Painted in 1883.
France, on the contrary, he found early rec- CONSTANT. See Benjam in-Constant
ognition, and is of all British painters the CONSTANTINE, BAPTISM OF, Raphael
most highly esteemed, especially since he (?) and II Fatlore, Sala di Costantino, Vati-

325
 CONSTANTINE
can fresco.
; Constantino, kneeling at the Monte Mario ; above, three angels, with
font in the Baptistry of the Lateran, is bap- swords. Designed by Raphael painted ;

tised by Pope Sylvester (portrait of Clement after his death by G. Romano. Engraved
VII.) in presence of Church officials, pages, by
G. B. Cavalleriis, C. Cort, Bonasone,
and a Roman family of converts ; Crispus, Scalberge, and Aquila. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv.
his son, awaits his turn to receive baptism. 369 ; v. 529 ; Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 438 ;

Designed by Raphael painted in 1524 by D'Anvers, 94 ; Passavant, ii. 300.

;

II Fattore, who made unjustifiable devia- CONSTANTINE, VISION OF, Raphael

tions from the original drawing. The fig- and Giulio Romano, Sala di Costantino,
ure in black dress and velvet cap is his own Vatican fresco. Constantine, standing on
;

portrait ; left, with a Roman captain

one in black, leaning against a a platform at
column, Baldassare
is Castiglione. Passavant beside him, relates his vision to four

says the composition is not by Raphael. It standard-bearers above, the apparition of ;

is the weakest of the frescos in the hall. the shining cross, and below, soldiers in

Engraved by Fr. Aquila, Salandri, etc. surprise and terror hurrying among tents ;
Passavant, ii. 302 ; Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 530. in background, the mausoleum of Hadrian,

CONSTANTINE, DONATION OF, Raph- pyramid of Caius Cestius, and other ancient
ael(?),
monuments. Designed by Raphael paint-
Sala di Costantino, Vatican fresco. ; ;

Constantine's gift of Rome to Pope Sylvester.

ed by G. Romano, who introduced (in the
The Pope, seated on a throne in the old corner) the dwarf Gradasso da Norcia, men-
Basilica of St. Peter, blesses the kneeling tioned in poetry of Berni. Engraved by
Emperor, who presents him with a golden Aquila, Salandri, and Landon. Passavant,
figure representing Rome ; among the many ii. 299 Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 529. ;

represented as attendants are Giulio Roma- CONSTANTINOPLE, ENTRY OF CRU-

no, Baldassare Castiglione, and the poets SADERS INTO, Eugene Delacroix, Ver-
Pontano and Murello. Designed by Raph- sailles Museum canvas. Capture of the;

ael; painted about 1524 by R. del Colle city by the Crusaders ;

in 1204. In centre,
some additions by G. Romano. Engraved Baldwin, Count of Flanders, mounted and
by B. Franco; by Fr. Aquila, Alogedo followed by knights and equerries bearing
Fabri, Landon. D'Anvers, 95 Passavant, pennons, is riding in front of a palace be-
;

ii. 303 Vasari, ed. Mil., v. 530.

;
tween kneeling women and old men who
CONSTANTINE AND HELENA, GLORY implore his pity in background, the Bos- ;

OF, Palma Vecchio, Brera, Milan wood, porus and the houses and walls of the city
; ;

three panels, life-size. SS. Constantino and in middleground, right, a melee in the
Helena supporting the cross, in middle streets. Salon, 1841 ; Exposition Univer- ;

SS. Roch and Sebastian in landscapes, at selle, 1855. Engraved by Frilley. Gal. de
sides. Presented to Brera by Duke Melzi. Versailles, i. PI. 41 ; Larousse, iv. 1032.
C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 467. CONSULTATION, Pieter de Hooch, for-
CONSTANTINE, VICTORY OF, Raphael merly in Narischkine Gallery, St. Peters-
and Giulio Romano, Sala di Costantino, burg wood, H. 2 ft. 3 in. X 1 ft. 10 in. In-
;

Vatican fresco.
; The battle between Con- terior of a room four figures. A gentle- ;

stantine and Maxentius at the Milviau man, in a black velvet coat, is leaning upon

Bridge (Ponte Molle), near Rome (A.D. 312). a table with his hand on the wrist of a
One of the largest historical subjects ever lady sitting beside him a woman, in a red ;

painted. Represents the crisis of victory, jacket bordered with ermine and a blue
when Constantine, on horseback, is aiming a skirt, stands by the window, filling a glass,
spear at Maxentius, who struggles with his and a second gentleman stands on the fur-
horse in the Tiber in background, the ther side of the table, with a pipe in his
;
 CONTAKINI
hand. Delessert sale, Paris (1809), 150,000 CONZ, GUSTAV, born at
Tubingen in
francs Narischkine sale, Paris 1832.
;
Landscape painter, pupil of Stutt-
(1883),
160,000 francs Smith, iv. 229 Gaz. des B. gart Art School under Funk
; studied iu ;

Arts (1869), i. 202 L'Art (1883), i. 113.

; Munich in 1856-58, and in Dusseldorf, in
CONTARINI, GIOVANNI, Cavaliere, 1862, under Oswald Achenbach then for ;

born in Venice in 1549, died in 1605. Vene- one year in Rome, and in 1865 became pro-
tian school history and portrait painter
; fessor at the Katharinen Stift in Stuttgart. ;

contemporary of Palma, studied works of Works View iu Upper Bavaria (1862); Coast :

Titian and Tintoretto. Went to Germany of Terracina View of Aricia View near Ole- ; ;

and painted much at court of Rudolph TL, vano View of S. M. della Vittoria in Rome. ;

by whom he Mailer, 112.

was knighted- COOK, H., born in England contempo- ;

Works: Res- rary. Landscape painter. Exhibits chiefly

urrection, S. Francesco di Paola, Venice at Grosveuor Gallery. Works Lago Maggi- ; :

Crucifixion, Chiesa della Croce, Venice Si ore (1880); View in Venice (1881); Church
;

Jerome, Brera, Milan St. Sebastian, Berlin and Bridge of St. Polo, San Giorgio Venice
;

Museum Baptism of Christ, Vienna Muse- (1882); Sunset Venice (1883).

;

um his own portrait, Uffizi, Florence.

;
COOKE, EDWARD WILLIAM, born in
CONTI, TITO, born in Italy contempo- London in ; 1811, died near Groombridge,
rary. History and genre painter ; lives in Jan. 4, 1880. Son and pupil of George
Florence. Works : Wine Taster, Samuel Cooke, engraver (1781-1834); studied archi-
Hawk Collection, New York ; Meeting of tecture and perspective under the elder Pu-
Dante and Beatrice Meeting of Petrarch gin first exhibited at Royal Academy in
; ;

and Laura Dante and his Friends Lute 1835, Honfleur Fishing Boats, and Hay-
; ;

Player (1883). Barge off Greenwich. Two years later ho

CONVENT, RETURN
TO, Eduardo went to Holland, which he re-visited many
Zumaco'in, R. L. Cutting, New York canvas. times travelled also in Spain, France, Italy,
; ;

Scene entrance to a Spanish Franciscan and Egypt, painting many architectural sub-
:

monastery, with mendicant monks return- jects, landscapes, and marine views. Became
ing from a begging expedition to the village, A.R A. in 1851, and R.A. in 1864. His Dutch
the roofs of which, covered with snow, are Boats in a Calm and The Boat House are in
seen in the background ;
several donkeys the National Gallery others in S. Kensing- ;

are tied up to rings in the wall, but one ton Museum. Cats. Nat. Gal. and Acad. R ;

balking animal is pulling an exasperated Saudby, ii. 327; Graves, 52.

monk backwards, his track making a slide COOMANS, JOSEPH, born at Brussels
in the snow. Photogravure in Art Treas- in 1816. History and genre painter first ;

ures of America. Art Treas. of Amer., ii. 33. instructed iu Ghent by Hasselaere, a medi-
CONVOCATION OF CLERGY, Sir John ocre artist, then pupil of Antwerp Academy
Gilbert,Royal Academy, London canvas. ;
under N. do Keyser and Wappers ;went with
A meeting of dignitaries of the Roman the French army to Algiers, where he spent
Church, listening to a monk who stands de- several years, then visited Italy, Turkey,
fending some point of doctrine from a vol- Greece, and the Crimea ;
in Italy again in
ume held in his hand background, tapes- 1857, since when, attracted by the Pompeian
;

try hangings representing a triumphal paintings, he has painted almost exclusively

church procession. Painted in 1870-71 subjects from antiquity. Works Conquest ;
:

presented to Academy as his diploma pict- of Jerusalem by the Crusaders (1841); Battle
ure. Etched by L. Flameng in Portfolio. of Ascalon (1842); The Deluge Landscape ;

Portfolio (1878), 113. in Province of Coustautiue ; Emigration of

337
 COOPER
Arab Tribes Dancing Arab Women Defeat ture
; ; painter. He lived much in France and
of Attila (1848), City Hall, Brussels ; Battle Holland, and painted many eminent persons,
of the Alma (1855); Feast of the Philistines among whom were Charles II., his Queen,

(185G); Lesbia The Source Last Days of the Duke of York, and most of the Court
; ; ;

Pompeii House in last Hour of also several portraits of Oliver Cromwell,

(1863); Poet's
Pompeii (1869); The Delinquent Phryne two of which are in possession of the Duke
; ;

Glycera Live Love Letter (1873) Inter- of Buccleugh, and one in the National Por-
; ;

ested Kiss (1876) Dangerous Passage trait Gallery. Alexander Cooper (flourished
; ;

The First Step (1877); An Arrest (1880); 1650-60), brother of Samuel, was limner to
Dance at Three (1881); The Dream (1882); Queen Christina of Sweden. Redgrave ;

Love as Pilot (1883). Mflller, 1 13 N. illustr. F. de Conches, 46. ;

Zeitg. (1880), i. 343. COOPER, THOMAS SIDNEY, born at

COOPER, ABRAHAM, born in London, Canterbury, Eng-
Sept. 8, 1787, died at Greenwich, Dec. 24, land, Sept. 26, 1803.
1868. Animal and battle painter, self- Landscape and cat-

taught. Began as an assistant at Astley's tle painter ; pupil

theatre,and when twenty-two years old paint- of Royal Academy,
ed a favourite horse of Sir H.Meux with such London. Went to
success that he continued and became the France in 1827, and
best horse and battle painter of his day. settled in Brussels,
His works, though flat and leaden in colour where he was a pu-
and of small size, were popular many have ; pil of Verboeckhov-
been engraved. Elected an A.R.A. in 1817, en a few months. In
and R.A. in 1820. Works Tarn O'Shanter : 1830 he visited Hol-
(1814); Marston Moor (1817); Cromwell at land, and in 1831 returned home and ex-
Marston Moor (1821); Rupert's Standard hibited at the Royal Academy in 1833.
(1822); Bosworth Field (1825); Richard I. Elected an A.R.A. in 1845, and R.A. in 1867.
and Saladin at Ascalon (1828) Bothwell ;
The landscapes in several of his pictures

seizing Mary Queen of Scots (1831); Retreat were painted by Fred. R. Lee. Works :

at Naseby (1833); Hawking in the Olden ;

Mountains in Cumberland (1841); Ettrick
Time (1834); Death of Harold (1836); Battle Shepherds (1842); Cattle at Pasture (1843);
of Waterloo Summer Evening (1846); Charge of House-
(1838); Cavalier; hold Brigade Waterloo (1847); Fordwich
(1842); Meadows Sunset (1850) Crossing New-
Prince' ;

Rupert New- biggin Moor in a Suow-Drift (1860); Snowed

at
ark, Returning Up (1867); Milking Time in the Meadows
\

'
fromDeerStalk- (1869); Passing Shower (1870); Children of
|

ing (1844);| the Mist (1872); Monarch of the Meadows

Rout Marston Moor (1852) ; Battle of (1873); God's Acre (1875); A Cool Retreat
at

Assye (1853) Battle of Naseby (1862)

;
(1877); Victor's Shout (1879); Isaac's Sub- ;

Pride of the Desert. Sandby, i. 36',) Art stitute, Summer Evening in the Marshes, On
;

Journal (1863), 89 Wilmot-Buxton, 166 Deal Common (1880); Scape Goat (1881);
; ;

Redgrave Graves, 52.

; Summer Afternoon (1882) Brook in the ;

COOPER, SAMUEL, born in London in Meadows, In the Rob-Roy Country (1883).

1609, died there, May 5, 1672. Pupil of his Art Journal (1849), 336; (1861), 133;
elder brother, Alexander Cooper, and of his Sandby, ii. 215.
uncle, John Hoskius also studied the works
; COPE, WEST, born at Leeds, CHARLES
of Van Dyck and became famous as a minia- England, in 1811. History and portrait
 COPIIETUA
painter; son and pupil of Charles Cope, land- painter and engraver, who died in 1751,
scape painter, and student in Royal Acade- about which time Copley began to paint
my schools. After making studies in Paris, portraits. One of
Venice, Florence, Rome, and Naples, he re- these, of General
j

turned in 1836 to England. Received in 1843 Brattle (W. Apple-

j

prize of 300 for his cartoon First Trial by ton, Boston), has
Jury elected an A.R.A. in 1843, and R.A. more historical than
;

in 1848. He has painted eight frescos in artistic value. Im-

the Houses of Parliament. Is a fine etcher. proving through
Works Nereids (1836); He ever Liveth to steady practice and
:

make Intercession (1840); Whoever shall observation, he soon

Give to Drink (1844); Last Days of Wolsey rose above the stand-
(1848); King Lear (1850); Royal Prisoners ard of Smybert and
at Carisbrook (1855) Pilgrim Fathers (1857); Blackburn, and
;
painted a series of portraits
Shylock and Jessica (1807); Disciples at Em- of members of the leading Boston families,
maus (1868); Yes or No? (1873); Taming the in a hard, dry style, which is redeemed by
Shrew (1874); Anne Page and Slender (1875); the undeniably well-bred air given to his
Selecting Pictures for the Royal Academy sitters, and his very clever manner of treat-
Exhibition (1876); Bianca's Lovers (1878); ing dress accessories, such as silks, satins,
A Country Club (1879); Far Away Thoughts etc. The portrait of his half-brother, Henry
(1881). Art Journal (1869), 177; Sandby, Pelham, known as the Boy and the Squirrel
ii. 181 Graves, 53.
;
(James Arnory, Boston), was sent to Eng-
COPHETUA AND THE BEGGAR- land and exhibited (1760) at Somerset
MAID, Hurne-Jones, London canvas, H. House, and was much commended by West
;

12 ft. x 9 ft. Illustration of the legend of and other good judges. In 1774 he went to
the African King Cophetua, who wedded Rome, and in 1775-76 settled in London
the beggar-maid, as told in the old ballad in and began a career of uninterrupted suc-
Percy's Reliques (I. ii. 6), and more lately cess. In 1777 he was elected an A.R.A.,
"
by Tennyson in The Beggar-Maid." The and in 1779 RA. Patronized by the royal
beggar-maid, Penelophon, clad in a simple family and the nobility, he executed many
robe of gray stuff, with her bare feet timour- portraits and historical pictures, such as the
ously drawn under her, is sitting, half dis- Death of Chatham (1779-80), Death of Major
mayed and half content, on the purple Pierson (1783), Siege of Gibraltar (1789-90),
cushions of the throne, while the king, radi- National Gallery the Daughters of George
;

ant in steel armour and jewelled robes, sits IH. (Buckingham Palace), the so-called
on the step at her feet, holding the crown in Family Picture (Charles Amory), the paint-
his hands and looking up into her face with er's masterpiece, the Red-Cross Knight
1

adoring love and wonder above, in a gal- (1788, S. G. Dexter), Mrs. Derby as St.
;

lery, two chorister boys are making music. Cecilia (W. Appleton), and Mrs. D. D.
Grosvenor Gallery, 1884. London Times, Rogers (1789, H. B. Rogers), which may
May 6, 1884, 6. be regarded as one of his best, if not his
COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON, born in very best portrait. Copley's best works
Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737, died in Lon- were collected by his son, Lord Chancellor
don, Sept. 9, 1815. Although Copley is Lyndhurst, and many of them have been
spoken of as self-taught, there can be no engraved. A. T. Perkins, Life, etc., of J. S.
doubt that his talent, which showed itself at Copley (1873); Memorial History of Boston
an early age, was fostered and trained by (1881), iv.; Mrs. M. B. Amory, Life of J. S.
his stepfather, Peter Pelham, the well-known Copley (1882); Cunningham' (1832); Tuck-
 COPPO
of Artists, Old Pinakothek, Munich
erman, Book of the Artists (1867); Sandby, Group ;

i. 189. Family Group, Dresden Gallery Musical ;

COPPO DI MAECOVALDO, of Flor- Assembly, National Gallery, Pesth. Allgern.

ence, 13thcentury. His Madonna en- d. Biogr., iv. 471 Biog. nat. de Belgique, ;

381 Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande Cat. de

throned, caUed "del Bordoue," in S. M. dei
iv. ; ;

Servi, Siena, said to have been painted in Musee d'Anvers (1874), 78 Michiels, ix. 30,
;

is in the defective manner of the 246 Eooses (Reber), 379 ; ; Zeitschr. f. b.

1261,
period. The colours are darkened by age K. vii. 9.
and restoration. C. & C., Italy, i. 200; CORBOULD, EDWARD HENRY, born
Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 265, 266. London, Dec. 5, 1815. History painter,
in

COQUES (Cocx), GONZALES (Gon- son and pupil of Henry C., painter and de-
salve), born in signer (1787-1844); twice won gold medal
Antwerp in 1618, of Society of Arts member of Institute of ;

died there, April Painters in Water Colours. From 1851 to

18, 1684. Flem- 1872 was teacher of drawing and painting to
ish Queen Victoria. Works: Fall
school; por- children of
trait painter, PhaOthon (1834); St. George and Dragon
pu- of
pil of Peeter (1835); Greek Chariot-Race (1836); Race
Brueghel (the between Atrides and Antilochus (1837);
3d) in 1626-27, Woman taken in Adultery (1842) Marriage ;

later of David of Nigel Bruce and Agnes of Buchan (1870),

Eyekaert, the el- Queen Victoria Lady Godiva (1871); Enid's ;

der, whose Dream (1872) ;

Heloise (1873) ; Canterbury
daughter he married, in 1643; was free of Pilgrims (1874);
Iris (1878).- -Muller, 114.

the guild in 1640, and its president in CORDAY, CHARLOTTE, IN PRISON,

1665-66 and 1680-81. His portraits, which Charles Louis Muller, Corcoran Gallery,
are small, are in the manner of Van Washington
chiefly canvas, H. 3 ft. 5 in. x 2 ft. 8 ;

sometimes called the Charlotte Corday, to rid her country of

Dyck, whence he is in.

Little Van Dyck. Clear and harmonious I

Marat, obtained an audience and stabbed

in his warm, brownish flesh-tones, his touch him while in his bath. She was guillotined,
[

is broad and spirited the backgrounds are

; July 17, 1793, aged 25 years. Represented
:

the work of other painters. Works:to knees, seen through the iron bars of a
generally
Family Group, Portrait of a Lady, National prison window, one of which she grasps
i

left hand, and supports her head

Gallery, London; Verhelst Family, Bucking- with her
ham Palace Music Lesson, Family Group, with the right, in which she holds a pen. En-
;

Family Portraits, Sir R. Wallace Family graved by A. Lamotte. Photogravure in Art

;

Group around Piano, Lord Taunton, Lon- Treasures of America. Corcoran Gal. Cat.
don ;
Elector Frederic of the Palatinate and CORDELIA AND KING LEAR, Theodor
Wife, David Teniers, Lord Ellesmore; Fam- HUdebrandt, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York ;

ily in Dutch Garden,

Mr. John Walter, Bear- canvas. King Lear, Act IV., Scene 7. Cor-
wood; Picture Gallery with forty-four Artists' though disowned, still clings to her
delia,

Portraits, Amsterdam Museum; Female Por- and Regan, who have his
father, whomGoneril

Antwerp Museum
trait, ;
Christ with Mary blessing, have driven to despair and mad-
and Martha, Arenberg Gallery, Brussels ;
ness.Art Treas. of Amer., i. 48.
Young Scholar and Wife, Cassel Gallery; CORDELIAGHI or CORDELLA, AN-
Portrait of Cornelia de Bie, Berlin Museum; DREA. See Previtali, Andrea.
Family Group of ten, Nantes Museum ; CORENZIO, BELISARIO, born in Greece
Portrait of Maria de Haeu, Lille Museum ;
about 1558, died in Naples in 1643. Nea-
 CORINNE
politan school ; studied five years in Venice in the background, left, Mummius and
under Tintoretto ; settled in Naples in 1590, his victorious legions are marching, while
and painted many good works, principally clouds of smoke at right indicate that the
frescos, in the churches and public build- work of destruction has begun. Salon, 1870.
ings. He
won reputation and wealth, and Gaz. des B. Arts (1870), iii. 492.
lived in luxury; but his character was infa- CORMON, FERNAND, called Piestre,
mous, and he was one of the principal mem- born in Paris, Dec. 22,
bers of the shameful Cabal of Naples, of 1845. History and por-
which Spagnoletto was the head. He left trait painter ; pupil of
but few easel pictures. Lanzi, ii. 30 Ch. ; Cabanel, Fromentin,
Blanc, Ecole napolitaine Burckhardt, 757,
;
and Portaels. Medals :

768. 1870 2d class, 1873 ; ;

CORINNE AT CAPE MISENUM, Fran- prix du Salon, 1875 3d ;

?ois Gerard, Lyons Museum canvas. Illus- class, 1878

; L. of Hon-
I
;

tration of the scene in Mine, de Stall's "Co- jour, 1880. Works:

rinne," where, at a fete given by her at Cape Weddings of the Nieb- I

Misenum, she improvises verses intended to elungen (1870); Sita

reveal her love to Oswald. Corinne, with (1873) ; Venetian Blind in Morning (1874);
her lyre beside her and eyes upraised, is Woman of Java, Death of Havana (1875),
seated at right upon a rock near her, con- bought by Ministry of Fine Arts Raising
; ;

templating her in silence, stands Oswald, en- of Jairus's Daughter (1877) Cain (1880), ;

veloped in a mantle on his right, a young

;

Greek and the Prince of Castel-Forte ; on /S7f

his left, two young English girls in back- Museum; Flowers (1881); Stone Age (1884);
;

ground, the sea and Vesuvius with the set- Portraits (1885).
ting sun. Painted in 1819 acquired in 1821
; CORNARO, CATARINA, Queen of Cy-
by the Prince Royal of Prussia, who pre- prus, portrait, Titian, Uffizi, Florence can- ;

sented it to Mme. Recamier bequeathed vas, half-length, life-size; signed. The Queen,
;
j

by her in 1849 to Lyons, her native city. as St. Catherine, with a crown of gold stud-
Gerard made several repetitions, one of ded with pearls on her head, around which
which belonged to Talleyrand, one to M. Poz- is the nimbus at her elbow, the wheel.
;

zo di Borgo, and a third to Mme. Duchayla. Painted in 1542. Replicas, with alterations,
The last has been engraved by Zachee Pre- in Holford collection, and in collection of
vost, Beiu, Landon, and C. Normand. La- Duke of Wellington, London. C. & C., Ti-
rousse, v. 138. tian, ii. 57.
CORINTH, LAST DAY OF, Tony Roberl- By Paolo Veronese, Vienna Museum can- ;

Fleury, Luxembourg Museum canvas, H. ;

J
vas, H. 3 ft. 10 in. x 2 ft. 5 in. The Queen
13 ft. 2 in. x 19 ft. 8 in. The third day after of Cyprus in a rich costume, seen to knees,
the battle of Leucopetra the Consul Mum- takes a bow from a table covered with vel-
mius entered Corinth. The women and vet, and holds two arrows in her left hand.
children were sold as slaves. Many of the CORNARO, CATARINA, AT VENICE,
inhabitants perished in the flames, while the Hans Makart, National Gallery, Berlin. The
city, after having been submitted to a hor- Queen of Cyprus, having landed at Venice,
rible pillage, was destroyed at the sound of is receiving the homage of the nobles of
the trumpet. (Livy, ii. 15). In the fore- that city. Painted in Vienna ; exhibited in
ground, the women and children, many of London, 1875. Philadelphia Exposition,
them nude, are grouped around the statues 1876. Sold to National Gallery for 50,000
!

of the gods, whom

they implore in vain marks. Portfolio, Feb., 1875.
1

;
 CORNARO
COENARO FAMILY, Titian, Almvick several etchings after Raphael and the Car-
Castle,England ; canvas, H. 6 ft. 8 in. x 8 ft. racci. Villot, Cat. Louvre.
5 in. An Altar, with the Holy Sacrament CORNEILLE, MICHEL, the elder, born
displayed, at top of a flight of marble steps in
Paris in 1642, died there at the Gobelins,
to right around it grouped nine members Aug. 16, 1708.
;
French school history ;

of the Cornaro family. Painted about 1560; painter, son and pupil of Michel C., of Or-

purchased by tenth earl of Northumberland leans won the prize at the Academy and ;

at Sir Anthony Van Dyck's sale in 165G. went to Rome, where he studied especially
Small copy at Hampton Court. C. & C., the Carracci. On his return, in 1663, he be-

Titian, ii. 303 Waagen, Treasures,

;
came a member of the Academy, of which
i. 393.
CORNARO, GIORGIO, portrait, Titian, he became adjunct professor in 1673, and
Castle Howard, England; canvas, half-length, professor in 1690. He was employed by
life-size signed.
;
Cornaro stands at a win- the King at Versailles, Meudon, and Fon-
dow, with a falcon in his gloved left hand. tainebleau, decorated several churches in
Painted in 1522. Titian never produced a Paris, and painted in fresco the chapel of
finer picture (C. & C.). Engraved by Skel- St. Gregory in the Invalides. Sometimes
ton in 1811. C. & C., Titian, ii. 17. called Corneille des Gobelins, because dur-
CORNARO, LUIGI, portrait, Titian (?), ing his later years he had apartments at the
Palazzo Pitti, canvas, H. 3 ft. 8 in. manufactory. Many of his works have been
Florence ;

x 2 ft. 9 in. Figure to knees, dressed in engraved, and he himself etched and en-

^
m^
black, sitting in an arm-chair. Fine portrait, _ graved many kA
but by Tintoretto. Engraved by Trasmundi.
Gal. du
441.
Pal. Pitti, i. PI. 110 ;
C. &
Plate, Works:
C., Ti-
M Co |

posi
e in
tian, ii.
Egypt,
CORNEILLE DBS GOBELINS. See vre ; Baptism
Corneille, Michel, the elder. of Constantine, Bordeaux Museum. Villot,
CORNEILLE, JEAN BAPTISTE, the Cat. Louvre.
younger, born in Paris in 104G, died there, CORNELIS VAN HAARLEM. See Cor-
April 12, 1695. French school
history neliszen. ;

painter, sou and pupil of Michel C., of Or- CORNELISZ, JACOB, born at Oostsanen
leans won in 1664 the 2d prize, and in 1668 about 1475-1480 (?), died at Amsterdam
'

the 1st prize in the Academy, of which he about 1555-1560 (?). Dutch school called ;

became a member in 1675. After living also Jacob van Amsterdam, and Jan Walter
several years in Rome he became professor van Assen history, portrait, and
landscape |
;

in the Paris Academy in 1692. Works painter earliest picture known dated 1 506,:
;

Hercules punishing Busiris (1675), Louvre and latest 1530. No particulars of his life.
;

Deliverance of St. Peter from Prison (paintedwere his son Dirk (died Among his pupils
for Notre Dame, 1679). painter, and Jan
Engraved after his 1567), a good portrait
own designs. Villot, Cat. Louvre. Works Madonna and SS. Anna,
Schoreel. :

CORNEILLE, MICHEL, born at Orleans Joseph, and Joachim, Prince Biickeburg's !

in 1603, died in Paris in 1664. French Gallery Ahrensburg near Hameln Saul ; ;

school history painter, pupil of Simon and the Witch of Endor

; Salome (1524), ;

Vouet, in whose style he executed works for National Museum, Amsterdam Madonna ;

churches was in 1648 one of the twelve and Angels, with SS. Sebastian, Magdalen,
;

founders of the Academy, and in 1656 its Donor and Douatrix, also male
portrait,
rector. His best work, SS. Paul and Barna-
Antwerp Museum Incidents in Life of a ;

bas at Lystra (engraved by Poilly), painted Saint, Triptych with Madonna,

Angels, and
for the Cathedral of Notre Dame. He left Saints, Berlin Museum Repose in Egypt, ;
 COEXELISZEN
Dr. Weber, Berlin ;
Little Altarpiece with Brunswick Museum ; Erection of Brazen
Madonna, Donor and
Donatrix, Serpent (1597), Darmstadt Museum
Saints, Fe- ;

Prince Frederick's Collection, Hague Noli male Portrait, Proviuzial Museum, Hanover
;
;

Me Tangere (1507), Altarpiece (1523), Cas- Golden Age (1616), Toulouse Museum Al- ;

sel Gallery ; Altarpiece with Crucifixion (?), legory on Brevity of Life (1617), Copen-
Cologne Museum ;
Birth of Christ, with An- hagen Gallery Bathsheba (1617), Berlin ;

gels,Shepherds, etc. (1512), Naples Muse- Museum ; Venus, Apollo, and Ceres (1614),
um Lucretia, Pesth Museum Adoration Dresden
; ; Museum ; Dragon devouring the
of the Magi, Archbishop Museum, Utrecht ;

Portrait (1533), Museum Kunstliefde,

Adoration of Magi, Verona Mu-
Utrecht
seum
enna ;
;
;

Altarpiece,
Altarpiece (1511), Male Portrait, Mu-
Ambras Collection, Vi-

seum, ib. Departure of Christ from Mary, People of Cadmus. Allgem. d. Biogr. x. 260 ;
;
CM., Or- ,

Gothic House, Worlitz Portraits of a Dutch Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollandaise ; Immerzeel,
;

Gentleman and Lady, with SS. Peter and ii. 4 Krarnrn, ii. 621 ; Riegel, Beitrage, i. ;

Paul, National Gallery, London. Allgem. d. 119 ; ii. 157 ;

Van der Willigen, 114.
Biogr., 482 Fiirster, Denkmale, XL iii.
iv. ; CORNELIUS, PETER VON, born in
15 Jahrbuch der kGngl. preuss. Kunst-
; Diisseldorf, Sept 23,
sainmlg., iii. 13 Kunst-Chronik, xv. 579 ; ; 1783, died in Berlin,
Repertorium f. K., i. 18G Zahn's Jahr- ;
March 6, 1867. Ger-
bttcher, v. 48 Zeitschr. f. b. K., ii. 41.
;
man school ; history
CORNELISZEN, CORNELIS, called Cor- painter, pupil of his
uelisvan Haarlem, father, Aloisius, and
born in Haarlem in from 1796 at the
1562, died there, Nov. Diisseldorf Academy
11, 1638. Dutch under Langer. After
school ; history and his father's death in

portrait painter, pupil 1799 he contributed

of Pieter Aertszeu, the to the support of his family by painting
younger, and in Ant- portraits, making designs for calendars, etc.,
werp of Gillis Cong- until about 1806-1808, when he was em-
net one of the best
; ployed to decorate the cupola and choir of
artists of that period ;
St. Quirin's at Neuss. In 1809 he went to
founded with Karel Frankfort, executed historical paintings for
van Mander, about 1583, the Haarlem Acad- the Prince Primate von Dalberg, and illus-
emy. Works Massacre of the Innocents : trations to Faust, which were highly praised

(1590), do. (1591), Adam and Eve (1592), Wed- by Goethe. At Rome (1811-1819), he stood
ding of Peleus, Portrait of Dirk Volkersz between the pre-Raphaelites led by Over-
Koornliert, National Museum, Amsterdam; beck and the classic Germans under Car-
Young Bacchus (1607), Rotterdam Museum ;
stens. His compositions from the Niebelun-
Archers' Banquet (1583), do. (1599), The Haar- gen Lied were so successful that he gladly
lem Miracle (1591), An Auto-da-fe (1595),
'

accepted the invitation of the Consul-Gen -

Baptism of Christ, Adam and Eve (1620), eral Bartholdy to decorate the Casa Zuccaro
Christ blessing the Children (1633), Haarlem with frescos from the history of Joseph,
Museum The Deluge (1592), Venus and Cu-
;
j
conjointly with Overbeck, Schadow, and
pid (1610), Venus and Adonis, Democritus j
Veit. In 1819 King Louis I. of Bavaria
andHeraclitus(1613),TheGoldeu Age(1615), called him to Munich, and as he was at the
j
 CORNFIELD
same time appointed director of the Diissel- a dog, and a shepherd drinking at stream at
dorf Academy, he was allowed to divide the left. Painted in 1826 ; presented to Na-
year between the two cities, in both of tionalGallery in 1837. Engraved by D.
which he exercised an important influence. Lucas; C. Cousen. Cat. Nat. Gal.; Brock-
In 1822-1830 he executed the Iliad fres- Arnold, 109 Art Journal (1869), 10.
;

cos in the Glyptothek, and then returned in CORNICELIUS, GEORG, born at Ha-
1830 to Rome, where he was again in 1834, nau, Hesse-Nassau, in 1825. History and
1843, 1845, and 1853-61. In 1841 he ac- genre painter pupil in Hanau of Pelis-
;

cepted a call to Berlin, and undertook a sier and in 1848 of the Antwerp
Academy ;

series of frescos for the Cemetery, whose after visiting Paris, Munich, and North Italy,
preparation and partial execution occupied settled in Hauau. Works :
Marguerite be-
him for the next twenty years. The Car- fore the Madonna ; Holy Family Luther ;

toon of the Breaking of the Seventh Seal, posting the Thesis ;

Christ and Samaritan
one of the and the great altarpiece of
series, Woman ; Daughter of Jairus
St. Elizabeth ;

the Last Judgment in the Ludwigs Kirche in Penitence Mary Stuart

; before Execution;
at Munich are perhaps his most remarkable Gypsy Children Serenade Circus Riders
; ; ;

works. Works: Evangelists and Apostles German Landsknechts in Rome Monks at ;

(1806), St. Quirinus, Neuss; Joseph's Meet- Prayer (1863); Hans and Grete Cinderella ; ;

ing with his Brethren (1815), Casa Bar- Red Riding Hood. Brockhaus, iv. 605 ;

tholdy, Rome
Dante frescos, Villa Massimi, Miiller, 115.
;

Rome Frescos for the Iliad, ceiling of the

; CORNU, SEBASTIEN MELCHIOR,
Trojan Hall (1826-1830), Munich The Last born in Lyons in 1804, died at Longpont,
;

Judgment (1839), Ludwigs Kirche, Mu- Aisne, in October, 1870. History and
nich Hagen sinking the Niebelungen Hoard genre painter, pupil in Lyons of Richard
;

(1859), National Gallery, Berlin; Christ's and Bonnefond, and in Paris of Ingres.
Visit to Limbo, Raczynski Gallery, Berlin ; Painted pictures which display careful draw-
The Fall, The Birth of Christ, The Entomb- ing, but poor colouring and little originality.
ment, Resurrection, Poetry of the Apostles, Received many orders from the Government.
Descent of the Holy Ghost, The Apocalypse, Medals 3d class, 1838 2d class, 1841; 1st
:
;

Royal Cemetery, Berlin. Allgem. d. Biogr., class, 1845 L. of Honour, 1859

; Officer, ;

iv. 484 Ch. Blanc, Ecole allemande Brock-

; ;
1862 ; Manager of the Campana Museum
haus, iv. 603 Furster, P. von C. (Berlin,
; in the Louvre, 1862. Works : Harvester
1874); Gautier, L'Art moderne, 237; (1833) ; Pifferaro Sick, Louis IX.
Grimm, Resting
Ten Essays, 245, 279 ; Der neue Plutarch, bidding his Mother Farewell (1838); Christ
vii. ; Pecht, i. 1 ; Perrier, Eludes, 222 ; Kai- among the Doctors (1848); Interviews be-
ser, Cornelius u. Kaulbach (Basle, 1877); tween Faust and Marguerite, Finding of a
Riegel, C. der Meister, etc. (Hanover, 1870); Statue of the Virgin (1857); Christ on the
(Grenoble); A
Reber- Pecht, ii. 3, 174 ; Rosenberg, Berl. Cross (Poitiers); Bacchanals
Malersch., 103, 110 ; AVoltmanu, aus vier Turk's Dream (Valenciennes) Surrender of ;

Jahrhdt., 208, 230 ; Wolzogen, P. von C. Ascalon to Baldwin HI., Battle of Oued-
(Berlin, 1867); Kunst - Chronik, ii. 73; Halleg (Versailles) St. Anne teaching the;

Zeitschr. f. b. K, ii. 101; v. 331, 368 xix. Virgin (St. Laurent in Puy); Christ, St. Luke
;

i. 38. and SL Egidius, The Virgin as Mother of

CORNFIELD, John Constable, National the Afflicted (1855). Larousse.
Gallery,London canvas, H. 4 ft. ; 8 in. x 4 CORNWALLIS, SURRENDER OF, John
ft. A
country lane leading between two Trumbull, rotunda of Capitol, Washington ;

groups of trees to a cornfield in the middle- canvas, H. 12 ft. x 18 ft. The surrender of
ground in foreground, sheep guarded by the British army to the allied American and
;
 COROT
French forces at Yorktown, Va., October 19, Star, W. T. Walters, Baltimore
Morning, ;

1781. Cornwallis and his officers are pass- Evening (1855)

Burning of Sodom, Nymph
;

ing before the victorious generals, between playing with a Cupid, The Concert, Sunset
the two lines of victorious troops in middle (1857) Dante and Virgil, Boston Museum
; ;
;

distance, the town with troops marching Macbeth (1850); Idyl, Italian Tyrol, Studies
out. Painted in 1817-24 for $8,000. Orig- at Ville d'Avray (1859); Sunrise, Orpheus, A
inal study in Yale College Gallery. Lake, Souvenir of Italy, Rest (18G1); Studyat
COROT, (JEAN BAPTISTE) CAMILLE, Mery (1863) Souvenir of Morte- Fontaine,
;

born in Paris, Gust of Wind (1864); Morning, Environs of

July 20, 1796, LakeNemi (1865); Evening, Solitude (1866);
died there, Ruins of Castle of Pierrefonds, Morning,
Feb. 23, 1875. Evening (1867) Morning at Ville d'Avray
;

Landscape paint- (1868); Woman Reading, Morning at Ville

er, pupil of Mi- d'Avray (1869) ;Landscape with Figures
challon and after (1870); Near Arras (1872); Pastoral Scene,
his death of Vic- The Parson (1873); Arlem, Evening, Moon-
tor Bertin. Went light (1874); Woodsmen, Pleasures of Even-
to Italy in 1826, ing, Biblis (1875) ; Nymphs Dancing, Cor-
and in studying nelius Vanderbilt, New York ; Danse des
nature as he con- Amours, Chas. A, Dana, New York Ch.
tinued to do on returning to France, in Pro- Blanc, Artistes, d. m. I., 365 ; Claretie, Pein-
vence, Normandy, andFontaiuebleau, learned tres, etc. (1882), 97 ;
Du Camp, Beaux Arts,
to couple breadth of treatment with careful 80
Leclercq.Caracteres, 184; Meyer, Gesch.,
;

though not obtrusive detail An eminently Kunst-Chrouik, x. 437; C. Carr, Essays, 174 ;
suggestive and refined painter, gifted with a L'Art, i. 216, 240, 269, Mcnard Hamerton, ;

highly poetical and tender feeling, he has, French Painters Portfolio (1870), 60 (1875),
;

from his peculiar excellence in treating still 146; Gaz. des B. Arts (1875), xi. 330;
water, the sleeping woods, the broad, pale 1881; Conternp. Rev., xxvi. 157 Overland ;

horizon and the veiled sky, been called the Monthly, xv. 468.
Theocritus of landscape painting. He is CORREA, DIEGO, died in 1550. Span-
well characterized in a sonnet by au Ameri- ish school. Painted a series of pictures of
can poet, as scenes from life of Christ, now in Madrid
"Thou painter of the essences of things." Museum, for Bernardino Convent of Vald-
At the height of his career, Corot is said to eiglesias. Style resembles that of Perugino,
have made 200,000 francs a year by the sale whence some think he studied at Florence.
of his pictures. Medals 2d class, 1833 1st According to Siret, there is a picture in con-
:
;
j

class, 1848 and 1855 2d class, 1867; L. of vent of Valdeiglesias signed D. Correa fecit,
;
'

Honour, 1846 Officer, 1867. Works View 1550. Christ Crucified, Dresden Museum.
;
:

at Narni, Roman Campagna (1827); two Ital- Stirling, i. 150.

j

ian Views, Duke

of Orleans; another Italian CORREGGIO,bornatCorreggioinl494(?),
View (1834), Douai Museum ; Souvenir of died there, March 5, 1534. Lombard school.
the Suburbs of Florence (1839), Metz Mu- Real name Antonio AUegri, son of Pelle-
!

seum Dame des Nymphs (1851), Roman grino Allegri probably pupil of his father's
;
j
;

Forum, Coliseum, Luxembourg Museum brother, Lorenzo, and of Antonio Bartolotti,

;

Christ in the Garden (1849), Langres Muse- both second-rate painters of his native town.
;

um Sunset in the Tyrol (1850), Marseilles; At Modena he is said to have found a better
;

Souvenir of Marcoussis, bought by Emperor; master in Francesco Bianchi, called Ferrari,

Martyrdom of St. Sebastian (1853); Evening who belongs to the school of Fraucia but
\
;

3.15
 COERODI
as Bianchi died in 1510, this, like all that Gallery ; Danae,
Palazzo Borghese, Rome ;

concerns Correggio's training, is uncertain. Leda, Jupiter and lo, Berlin Museum. Cor-

The to ac- reggio's frescos are in Parma Camera di S.

attempt :

count for his peculiar Paolo (1518), Ascension of Christ, cupola,

development has led and St. John the Evangelist over Sacristy
to many conjectures, door, S. Giovanni (1520-25); Assumption of
none of which give the Virgin and patron Saints of Parma, Du-
any clue to the for- omo (1526-35); Christ in the Garden, Apsley
mation of his totally House, England; Noli Me Tangere, Madrid
new method of paint- Museum. The life of Correggio was passed
distin- within the confines of Lombardy, between
ing, or to the
guishing characteris- Correggio, Modena, and Parma. It is more
tics of his style. than doubtful whether he ever visited Rome.
These characteristics are sweetness of ex- Vasari's story of his death caused by fatigue
pression and ineffable grace of pose light of carrying a large sum of money in copper
;

in colour, or in other words a certain lumi- coin, with which he had been paid for his
nous quality which irradiates and transfig- work at Parma, to Correggio, has no foun-
ures. In facility of handling, in absolute
mastery over the difficulties of foreshorten-
ing, in the management of light
and shade
as distributed over vast spaces and affecting
multitudes of figures, this great master has '10
no rival. At the same time, with all the
beauty of his Madonnas and Angels, the
charm and grace of his children, the noble
dignity of his Saints and Apostles, and the
harmony of his colouring, Correggio's sweet-
ness sometimes cloys, aud his grace occasion-
ally degenerates into affectation. His mas- dation. Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 109; Meyer,
terpieces in oils are in Dresden, Paris, and Kiinst. Lex., i. 335
Meyer, Correggio (Leip- ;

Parma. Works Madonna of St. Francis sic, 1871) Seguier, 203 Burckhardt, 175,
: ; ;

(1514), Madonna of St. George, Madonna of 634, 694, 700 Pungileoni, Mem., etc. (1817 ;

St. Sebastian, La Notts (1522 or 1528), and -21); Coxe, Lives of Correggio and Parme-

Magdalen, Correggio's Physician, Dresden gianino (London, 1823); Dohme, 2iii. Kug- ;

Gallery Rape of Ganymede, Jupiter and lo, ler (Eastlake), ii. 497
; Lubke, Gesch. ital. ;

Vienna Museum ;
Madonna adoring Jesus, !

Mai., ii. 414.

Uffizi, Florence ;
Madonna hushing Jesus, CORRODI, HERMAN, born in Rome,
Prince Torlonia, Rome Madonna
del Latte July 23, 1844.
; Italian school landscape ;

(1519), Assumption of the Virgin (sketch for and genre painter, son of the Swiss landscape
the fresco in the Duomo, Parma), Apollo and painter, Salomon C. (born at Zurich in 1810),
Marsyas, Hermitage, St.
; La who settled in Rome in 1828, twin brother
Petersburg
Zingarella, Marriage ofCatherine, Na- of the history painter, Arnold C. (died 1874),
St.

ples Museum Antiope, Marriage of St. Cath- together with whom he studied in Rome
;

erine, Louvre, Paris Ecce Homo, Madonna and Paris, and after whose death he made
;

della Cesta, Education of Cupid, National study-trips to the East. He has three stu-
Gallery, London II Giorno, Madonna della dios in Rome, Baden-Baden, and London,
;
:

Scodella (1530), Madonna della Scala, Martyr- and divides his time between them, accord-
dom of SS. Placidus and Flavia, Field, Parma ing to the season. Medal, Vienna, 1874.
 COHSET
Works Pine Woods (1874) Storm on Isle and to have painted Queen Elizabeth. He
:
;

of St. Honore Procession at Sorrento (1878); adopted the opinions of Luther, and died in
;

Congregation of Monks in the Campagna the prison of the Inquisition. His son;

Gondola Sail in Venice Villa on Lake Como David, noted as a copyist, died of the plague
; ;

Serenade at Amalfi Monastery of Marsala in 1657. Lanzi, iii. 249

; Baldiimcci, iii. ;

on the Dead Sea Baptism of Pilgrims in 595 Ch. Blanc, Ecole genoise.
; ;

the Jordan. Meyer, Conv. Lex., xviii. 206. CORTE, JUAN DE LA, born in Madrid in
CORSET BLEU, Gabriel Metsu, Baron 1597, died there in 1660. Spanish school ;

Alfred de Rothschild, London ; wood, 1 ft pupil of Velasquez ; painted in palace of

4 in. X 1 ft. A lady in a blue corset bor- Bueu Retii'o pictures of Judgment of Paris,

dered with ermine, and a white satin skirt Rape of Helen, Burning of Troy, the Relief
trimmed with gold lace, seated, with a mu- in 1635 of Valenza on the Po, and other
sic book on her lap on the further side of;works, especially landscapes, in which he
a table sits a a
gentleman tuning guitar a was most successful. His son Gabriel (1648-
;

glass of wine is on the table, and a little 1694) was a good

flower-painter. Stirling,
spaniel is in front. Tounemau
Collection, ii. 692 Curtis, 329. ;

Amsterdam Destouche Col-

(1754), 1,405 CORTICELLL See 2'ordenone.
fl.;

lection (1794), 8,161 fr.; Robit Collection, CORTONA, PIETRO DA. See Pietro da
Paris (1801), 8,120 fr.; Hibbert Collection, Cortona.
London (1829), 560. Replica, inferior, COSDIO, PEERO DI, born in Florence
Buckingham Palace. Smith, iv. 77. in 1462, died in 1521 (?). Florentine school ;

CORSET ROUGE, Gabriel Metsu, W. real name Piero di Lorenzo (a goldsmith),

Long Collection, London wood, H. 1 ft. but called Cosimo from his master, Cosimo
;

1 in. x 11 in. A lady in a scarlet velvet Rosselli, in whose studio he was the com-
corset and a taffeta petticoat, seated, caress- panion of Fra Bartolommeo and of Mariotto

ing a dog some blue paper, on which she Albertinelli.

;
He accompanied Rosselli to
has been drawing, lies hi her lap, and the Rome (1480-85), and probably remained
figure of an infant in plaster stands
on a with him until his death (1506), after which
table before her. Destouches Collection he continued to paint hi his style. Among ;

(1794), 6,101 fr.; Robit Collection (1801),' his works may be noted the Wedding
;of

3,120 fr., to Sir Simon Clarke. Smith, iv. Perseus, Perseus delivering Andromeda, An-
77. dromeda delivered, and the Sacrifice to Jove
CORTAZZO, ORESTE, born in Italy; for her safety, Virgin upon a Pedestal sur-
contemporary. Genre painter. Works In- rounded by Saints, Uffizi, Florence Death
: ;

National Gallery, London ; Venus

terrupted Sitting (F. Rogers, Philadelphia) ; of Procris,
Student, A. E. Borie Col., and Mars, Meeting of Christ and the Baptist,
Geographical
Philadelphia; Teasing the Poet; Taking Berlin Museum Coronation
of the Virgin, ;

Leave Crowning the Bride, W. B. Bement, Louvre. Cosimo was the master of Andrea
; (

describes him as a strange

Philadelphia Judgment of Paris, Amateurs del Sarto. Vasari
;
!

of Bric-a-brac, Mrs. Paran Stevens, New and cynical man. C. & C., Italy, iii. 420;

York. Burckhardt, 551 ;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole floren-

CORTE, CESARE DA, bom in Genoa in tine; Vasari, ed. Mil, iv. 131; Lttbke,
Genoese school Mai., Gesch. 374.
1550, died there in 1613. ital. i.
;

son of Valerio Corte, an excellent portrait COSSA, FRANCESCO, painted in 1456-

1474. Lombardo-Ferrarese school. First
painter from Venice (1530-80) one of the ;

Painted appears in a record of 1456, as assistant to his

'

best pupils of Luca Cambiaso.

Cristofano del Cossa, then engaged
history and portraits with success, and is father,
said to have visited France and in illuminating the carving and statues
England,
337
 COSSIAU
about the high altar of the bishop's palace, uge, Brussels Museum Jupiter and Lycaon, ;

Ferrara. In later years removed to Bo- Prometheus, Narcissus, Madrid Museum ;

logna, where he is justly celebrated for his Christ at Simon's, Temptation of St. An-
Madonna with Saints (1474), Bologna Gal- thony, Holy Family, Crucifixion, Pieta,
lery, and his Madonna del Barracano (1472). Eglise
du Beguinage, Mechlin. Biog. nat.
Cossa was of the same school as Tura, but de Belgique, iv. 412 Cat. du Musee d'An- ;

he was a better draughtsman and more cor- vers (1874), 92 Michiels, ix. 78 Eooses ; ;

rect in feeling. His rich detail is worked (Eeber), 372.

out in a grayish tone with great charm. COSTA, GIOVANNI, born in Italy con- ;

His somewhat morose faces, too, are less temporary. Landscape and portrait painter.
grotesque than those of Tura. He was not Besides at Home. Exhibits chiefly at Gros-
free from northern peculiarities, and some- venor Gallery, London. Works On the :

thing in his air or technical treatment re- Sands near Ardea Borne (1877) Cam- ;

calls Koger van der Weyden. C. & C., N. pagna, Capri, On the Shore (1877) Dawn ;

Italy, i. 522 Burckhardt, 579 Ch. Blanc, near Bocca d'Arno (1879) Gulf of Spezzia
; ; ;

Ecole ferraraise Lermolieff, 124, 128, 130, from Lerici (1880); Naughty Girl Capri,
;

243. Approach to Venetian Lagoon (1881) ;

COSSIAU, JAN JOST D., Breda bom

Sunrise Porto d'Anzio, Sunrise on Car-
at
in 1654 or 1664-66, died in 1732 or 1734. rara Hills (1882) Morning on Hills of ;

Dutch school landscape painter imitated Branzi Lerici, Kensington Palace (1883.)
; ;

Gaspard Poussin, lived for some time in COSTA, LOKENZO, born in Ferrara in
Paris, became court painter at Mentz and 1460, died in
Bamberg, and was the first organizer of the Mantua, March 5,
picture galleries at Pommersfelden, Gai- 1535. Bolognese
bach, and Wiesenthaid. Works Italian : school ;
after sev-

Landscape with Castle (1704), do. with eral work

years'
Pyramid (1704), Brunswick Museum ; in Ferrara he
Egyptian Landscape, Cassel Gallery ; went to Florence,
large Landscape (1716), Old Pinakothek, according to Va-
Munich ;
others in Versailles and Dussel- sari, and stud-
dorf Galleries. Kramm, i. 275. ied the works of
COSSIERS (Cotsiers, Causiers), Lippi and Benoz-
JAN,
born in Antwerp, July 15, 1600, died there, zo Gozzoli. About 1480-83, he was em-
buried July 7, 1671. Flemish school his- ployed by the Beutivoglio family, Bologna,
;

tory, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of in the decoration of their palace (destroyed
his father, Anton, and of Cornelis tie Vos ; in 1507), and probably alternated between
entered guild in 1628, dean in 1639-1641. that city and Ferrara until the expulsion of
Painted much for the King of Spain, the the Bentivoglio family (1509), when he en-
Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Archduke Leo- tered the service of the Gonzagas of Man-
pold William, and many other princes. tua, where he painted during the rest of his
Works Adoration of Shepherds (2), Gen- days. In Bologna he was a co-worker of
:

Francia's, and was probably of much use to

the latter between 1480 and 1490 but be- ;

tween 1490 and 1500 Francia rivalled and

excelled his friend, and Costa followed where
he had before been a leader. Among his
tleman lighting his Pipe, Portrait of a Sur- better Bolognese examples are: Madonna
geon, Flagellation, Antwerp Museum Del- (1488), Cappella Bentivoglio in S. Jacopo
;

338
 COSWAY
Maggiore, Triumphs of Life and Death maphrodituB, Poverty (18G8); Portrait of
(1490), same chapel Annunciation (1490- Mme. Cot (1869); Prometheus, Meditation
;

95), Cappella Marescotti in S. Petronio and (1870); All Souls Day at the Campo Santo
;

Madonna with Saints (1492), Cappella Baci- of Pisa, Dionysa (1872); Magdalen (1875);
occhi in S. Petronio. There are also frescos
by him
cilia.
in S. Jacopo Maggiore and in S. Ce-

Among his Mantuan pictures are :

P'A'COT 18/5
Court of Spriny-lime (1876); Mireille (1882), Lux-
Isabella, embourg Museum. Gaz. des B. Arts
Louvre; (1883), Chronique.
Dead LAVAENliVs COSIA f COTES, FRANCIS, born in London in
Christ 1726, died there, July 20, 1770. Pupil of
(1504), George Knapton became eminent as a por-
;

Presenta- trait painter, was a member of the Society

tion (1502), Berlin Museum ;

Madonna and of Artists, and one of the original members
Saints (1525), Ferrara Gallery. C. & C., N. of the Royal Academy, where he exhibited

Italy, L 538 Vasari,

;
ed. Mil., iii. 131 ; from 1760 to 1770. Works: Portrait of
Burckhardt, 581 ; Eio, iii. 121 ; Ch. Blanc, his father, Royal Academy ;
Admiral Lord
Ecole ombrienne. Hawke, Greenwich Hospital Portrait group
;

COSWAY, RICHARD, born at Tiverton of Mr. and Mrs. Joab Bates, Sacred Harmon-
in 1740, died in London, July 4, 1821. Son ic Society. His younger brother, Samuel
of a schoolmaster ; pupil in London of (1734-1818), was noted as a miniature
Thomas Hudson, and student in 1769 at painter. Redgrave F. de Conches, 86
; ;

Royal Academy became A. R. ;

A. in 1770, Sandby, 95 Graves, 54.
i. ;

and R.A. in 1771. Was the fashionable COTIGNOLA, BERNARDINO DA, See
miniature painter of his time, and equally Zayanelli, Francesco.
famous for vanity, extravagance, and eccen- COTIGNOLA, FRANCESCO DA. See
tricity. He painted many of the beauties of Zaganelli, Francesco.
the day, among them Mrs. Fitzherbert, and COTIGNOLA, GIROLAMO DA. See
gained the favour of the Prince Regent He Girolamo da Cotignola.
also originally painted in oil. His wife, COTMAN, JOHN SELL, born at Nor-
Maria Cecilia Louisa (Hadfield) Cosway wich, June 11, 1782, died in London, July
(1745-1822?), was a subject 28, 1842. Studied design in London in
'

painter of considerable ability. 1800-6, during which time exhibited views

Portrait of the painter by him- of Welsh scenery at the Academy. In 1807
self, Nat. Port. Gal.; of Gen. P. became a member and secretary of the Nor-

Paoli, Uffizi, Florence. Red- wich Society of Artists. In 1811 began to

!

" "
grave Ch.
; Blanc, Ecole anglaise ;
Art Jour- publish Architectural Etchings, and in 1816
"
nal (1858), 268 ; Sandby, i. 179. Specimens of Norman and Gothic Archi-
COT, PIERRE AUGUSTE, bom at Be- tecture in Norfolk," followed by other anti-
darieux (H6rault), Feb. 17, 1837, died Aug. quarian works. He made several visits to
18, 1883. Genre and portrait painter, pupil Normandy, the result of which appears in
" Architectural
in Paris of Cabanel, Leon Cogniet, and Bou- Dawson Turner's Antiquities
" '

guereau. His style is very graceful and at- of Normandy (1822). In 1834 he became 1

tractive. Medal : 1870 ;

2d class, 1872 ;
L. drawing-master to King's College School,
of Honour, 1874. He exhibited many por- and removed to London. During these
traits and a few labours he painted many landscapes and
ideal pictures. Works :

Woman Bathing (1867); Salmacis and Her- sea views, but he was more successful in

S3
 COTSIERS
water-colours than in oils. "With Crowe ket, Grapes, Wild Flowers (1878). MiiUer,
and others of the Norwich school he exer- 116.
cised a considerable influence on British art. COUP DE PISTOLET (Pistol Shot),
His son, Miles Edmund Cotman (1811-1858), PhilipsWouwerman, Buckingham Palace j

painted river and sea views, but was chiefly London wood, H. 1 ft. 4 in. X 1 ft. 6 in.
;

a teacher, and succeeded him at King's Col- Before a sutler's tent is a group of cavalry, ac-
lege. Redgrave F. de Conches, 188.
; companied by women, children, and dogs ;

COTSIERS. See Cossiers. a trooper, on a white horse, is pledging a

COTTAGE DOOR, Thomas Gaines- woman in a glass of liquor, while a trum-
borough, Grosvenor House, London canvas, peter blows his trumpet,
;
and another troop-
H. 3 ft. 10 in. x 4 ft. 8 in. A
cottage ma- er discharges his pistol. Engraved by W.
tron, with an infant in her arms, and sev- Greatbach.
eral older children around her, enjoying COUR, JANUS LA, born at Ringkjo-
themselves in front of a rustic cabin in a bing, Jutland, Sept. 5, 1837.
j
Landscape
woody nook. Sold in 1786 to T. Harvey, of painter, pupil of Kiaerschon and of Copen-
Catton, Norfolk in 1807 to Mr. Coppin, of hagen Academy under Marstrand
;
won a ;

Norwich, from whom bought by Sir John prize in 1861 ; went to Italy and Paris in
Leicester, Bart., at whose sale (1827)
bought 1865-67, to Switzerland and Italy in 1868-70.
by Earl Grosvenor for Engraved Medal, Copenhagen, 1871.
525. Member of
by Scott, in Britton. Etched (1832), by Ch. Copenhagen Academy in 1872. Works :

Koepping. Brock-Arnold, 74 Fulcher, Coast View at Helgenaers (1855); Views in

;

196 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 173.

;
the North Sea (1856); Early Summer Morn-
COUBERTIN, CHARLES DE, born in ing (1861); Evening on Lake of Nemi (1871);
Paris, April 23, 1822. Genre painter, pupil Oakwood Border, two others, Copenhagen
of Picot subjects mostly from Italian life Gallery.
; Sigurd Miiller, 66 Weilbach, ;

and history. L. of Honour, 1865. Works 121. :

Discovery of the LaocoOn in Rome in 1506 COURANT, MAURICE, born at Havre,

(1846); Incident of the Plague in Milan Nov. 8, 1847. Landscape and marine paint-
(1851), Laval Museum Pontifical Mass in er pupil of Meissonier, and studied nature
; ;

Rome, Roman Cardinal Walking (1857) on the south coast of France. Medal, 1870.
;

Ball Players in Coliseum (1859); Good Fri- Works Fontaine du Pin near Antibes,
:

day in Palermo View of the Forum, View Shore of Jouan Bay (1868); Entrance to
;

of the Coliseum, Luxembourg Museum Harbour of Antibes (1869) The great Plains
; ;

Pigeons on Square of San Marco (1861); around Poissy (1870); Pond in Winter (1872),
Death of St. Stanislaus Kotska (1865); Summer Morning (1874); Stormy Weather,
Miraculous Death of St. Jean de Dieu, Rising Tide (1875) Getting under Sail, ;

Group at the Grandfather's (1879); Poet Roche-aux-Mouettes (1878) Bark of God- ;

and Muse (1881); The First Partridge, Le- debi (1881); Fishing Bark (1882). Meyer,
gend of the Via Appia (1882); Serenade at Conv. Lex., xix. 177.
Vicenzo (1883). COURBET, GUSTAVE, born at Omans,
COUDER, ALEXANDRE, born in Paris, (Doubs), June 10, 1819, died at Tour de Peil,
April 16, 1808, died there in 1878. Still- near Vevay, Jan. 1, 1878. Genre, landscape,
life painter, pupil of Gros, in whose studio and portrait painter. Sent to school at Be-
he first painted a few genre pictures. Medal, sancon and then to study law at Paris in
3d class, 1836. L. of Honour, 1853. Works : 1839. Attended several studios, but chiefly
Return from the Fields, Bouquet of Wild that of David d'Angers. Began at an early
Flowers (1874); do. and Interior (1876); age to paint caricatures, especially of priests;
Roses and Fruits (1877) Return from Mar-
; but did not treat landscape until 1841 at

340
 COUHDOUAN
Fontainebleau. He exhibited in 1844, sale (1881) Deer in Cover (35,000
fr.), Man
:

though it was not until 1849 that he first with a Leather Belt (26,100 fr.), Courbet's
attracted atten- Studio (21,000 fr.), Slag Fight (49,100fr.),
tion by his After Deer Calling (33,900 fr.), Wounded Man
Dinner at Ornans. (11,000 fr.), Siesta (29,100 fr.) Gaz. des
His Burial Scene B. Arts (1878), xvii. 514; xviii. 17, 371;
at Ornans (1850) (1882), xxv. 572 ; Lippincott's Mag., xxi.
and the Stone- 631; Champier, 1'Annee artistique (1878),
Breakers were 486; Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1882), 241;
much talked Du Camp, Beaux Arts, 219 Bruno Meyer, ;

about, and the ex- .^ Studien, 94 Perrier, Etudes, 146 Rosetti, ; ;

hibitiou of his F. A., 112 Zeitschrift f. b. K, ii. 119 xL ; ;

works at Besan- 183, 209 The Century, Feb., 1884 L'Art ; ;

con, Dijon, Munich, and Frankfort in 1854 (1878), xii. 72 (1881), xxvii. 232 Temple ; ;

extended his reputation. After 1870 he Bar, xlii. 535.

ceased to exhibit his picturea Medals in COURDOUAN, VINCENT (JOSEPH
1849, 1857, and 1861. As chief instigator FRANCOIS), born in Toulon, March 6, 1810.
of the overthrow of the Vendome Column, Landscape and marine
painter, pupil of
May 1C, 1871, he was sentenced to six Paulin Guerin. Medals 3d class, 1838 and :

mouths' imprisonment, and to bear the cost 1844 2d class, 1847 L. of Honour, 1852. ; ;

of restoration. After his release he retired Appointed professor of design at the Naval
to Switzerland. He was an intense, but nar- School in Toulon in 1848. Works Castle of :

row and unemotional realist. Works The Napoule, View of Baguols, Gorges of Olli-
:

Wounded Man (1844) ; Violoncellist, three oules, Coast of Provence, Arrival of Bey of
Landscapes (1848); After Dinner at Ornnas, Tunis at Toulon, Port of Algiers, Battle of the
Landscape near Honfleur, Lille Museum ; Romulus, Vessels driven close to Shore by a
Valley of the Loue, The Parishes of Chas- Storm, Evening among the Pines, Valley of
sagne (1849) River Loue, Ruins of Castle of
; Ardennet, Embarcation of Zouaves for the
Scey, Peasants returning from a Fair, ^one- Crimea (1855) Harbour of Toulon, View of
;

Breakers, Burial at Ornans (1850), Louvre, Bordighiera, Coast of Balagnier (1857) Pi- ;

Salle des Colonnades Conflagration (1851);

; Chased (1859) French Troop Ship in
rates ;

Village Ladies (1852) Women Bathing, Wo-

'

; Harbour of Hyeres (1861) Valley of Brous- ;

man Spinning, Wrestlers (1853) Sifting san, Environs of Nersi (1864) Birckadem
; ;

Wheat (1855) Young Women of the Seine, (1867) Desert in Egypt at Evening (1868)
; ; ;

Hunting a Roebuck, Doe run down in the Coast of Provence, Morning (1869); Harbour
Snow (1857), Boston Museum Fine Arts of Brusc (1873) Environs of Hyeres (1874)
; ; ;

Deer Fighting, Deer in the Water, Hunts- Sunset after Heavy Weather on Coast of
man, Fox in the Snow, Rock of Oragnou Provence (1875) Gorge of Malvoisin (1876) ; ;

(1861); Fox-Huuting, Little Fishermen in Gulf of Ciotat (1877) Beach at Hyeres, ;

Franche-Comte, Return from Conference Evening near Hyires (1878) Fountain at ;

(1863) Valley of Puits Noir (1865), Luxem- Notre-Dame-Du-Muy, Camogli in Gulf of

;

bourg Museum Woman with a Parrot, The Genoa (1879) Evening by Sea at Toulon,
; ;

Quarry (1866), Boston Museum of Fine Arts; Shore of Argentieres (1880) Harbour of ;

A Beggar's Alms, Buck at Bay (1868), Lou- Toulon, Entrance to Harbour of Toulon
vre ; Deer Calling, The Siesta (1869), The (1882) ; Point of La Croisette at Cannes,
Stormy Sea (Luxembourg Museum), Cliffs Villa Cloquet near Toulon (1883).
of Etretat (1870). The following were COURSE OF EMPIRE, Thomas Cole,
bought by the State at the Lepel-Cointet New York Historical Society ;
canvas. A
341
 COUftT

series of five COURTAT, LOUIS, born in Paris con-

pictures, representing a na- ;

tion's rise, progress, decline, fall, and deso- temporary. History painter, pupil of Ca-
lation. Painted in 1832-4 for Lumau Reed, banel. Medals 3d class, 1873 and 1874 :
;

New York. 1. (H. 3 ft. 3 in. x5 ft. 1 in.) 1st class, 1875.
-
Savage State or Commencement of Empire ;
L Coutta
. I
- Works Siesta
:

2. (H. 3 ft. 3 in. x5 ft. 2 in.) Arcadian or (1873) St. Se-

;

Pastoral State 3.
(H. 4 ft. 2 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.)
;
bastian (1874) ;
Consummation of Empire Leda (1875), Luxembourg Museum Hagar
;
4. (H. 3 ft. 2 in. ;

X 5 ft. 2 in.) Destruction and Ishmael (1877) Spring-Time (1878)

;
5.
(H. 3 ft. 3 in. ; ;

x5 ft. 1 in.) Desolation. Of this picture Eveandher Children (1879); Nymph (1880);
Frederic E. Church writes "If I were per- Little Orange Girl (1881) Odalisque (1882)
:
; ;

mitted to select three from among all the Venus Awakened (1884) Bathers (1885). ;

landscapes I have ever seen, I should cer- COURTENS, FRANZ, born at Termonde,
tainly choose for one of them Desolation,' Belgium contemporary. Landscape and
'
;

the last of the five pictures of the Course genre painter. Medal 3d class, 1884. '
:

of Empire.'" Works :
Morning in the Campine (1881) ;

COURT-JESTERS IN ANTECHAMBER, Departure for Fishing, Dutch Village (1882);

Eduardo Zamaco'is, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New Meadows (1883).
In the Cabbage Fields, Salt
York ;
canvas. A group of hunchbacked COURTOIS, GUSTAVE, born at Pusey
jesters amusing themselves in the antecham- (Haute-Saone) in 1852. History and portrait
ber of a prince. The painter's sarcastic hu- painter, pupil of Gcrome. Medals 3d :

mour finds vent in making these unfortunates class, 1878 2d class, 1880 ; Munich, 1883.
;

and Works Orpheus, Death of Archimedes

portraits of himself of his artist friends. :

The one watching the stand of paroquets is (187G) Narcissus (1877), Luxembourg Mu-
;

Jules Worms, and the one throwing dice is seum ; Lais in Hell (1878) ; Dante and Vir-
Berne-Bellecour ;
he himself is represented gil in Hell (1880) Portraits (1881)
; Baya- ;

with ass's ears, and his brother is the page.

Art Treas. of Amer., i. 37.

COURT, JOSEPH DfiSIRti, born at Rou-
en, Sept. 11, 1798, died there, Jan. 23, 1865.
1883
Genre Gros won the grand dere (1882); Fantasy (1883); Burial of
painter, pupil of ;

prix de Rome in 1821.

Medals 1st class, Atala (1884). Meyer, Conv. Lex., xxi. 157.
:

1831 2d class, 1855 L. of Honour, 1838.

; ;COURTOIS, JACQUES, named Le Bour-
Works Samson delivered to the Philistines
:
guignon (H Bor-
(1821) Deluge,
; Faun in a Bath dragging gognone); in Italy
in a Girl, Death of Caesar (1827), Louvre called also Jacopo ;

St. Peter sent by the Romans to Jerusalem Cortese born at ;

(1836) ;
Due
Orleans as Lieut. General
d' i

St. Hippolyte,
(183G), Versailles Return of St. Louis (1841);
;
j
Franche - Comte,
King giving Colours to the National Guard, in 1621, died in
Aug. 29, 1830, Versailles Flight of Gov- ; Rome, Nov. 14,
ernor of Constantine (1839) Due d' Or- ;
1676. French
leans laying the first Stone of the Agen school ;
battle
Canal (1844). Among his many portraits painter, pupil of his father, Jean, and of
are those of Mme. Adelaide and the Prince Cerquozzi. Entered the Spanish military
de Joinville, the King and Queen of Den- service, then went to Italy to resume his
mark, Due Decazes, Monsignor Sibour, and artistic studies at Rome. Inspired byRaph-
Pope Pius IX. (1855). Larousse. ael's fresco of the victory of Constantine I

342
 COUSIN
over Maxentius, became a battle painter. In Nicolas Coutourier and Picot. Painta es-
1655 became a lay brother in the order of pecially poultry with Medals
great skill. :

the Jesuits, and for some time painted only 3d class, 1855, 1861. Works: Peasant,
sacred subjects. Pictures in Berlin, Cassel, Drinkers (1873)
Conscripts of Revenge, ;

Dresden, Florence, Munich, Paris, St. Peters- Rhapsodist reciting to Sailors, Lard Soup
burg, Rome, and Stockholm galleries. His (1874); Dado, Little Mother (1875) Young ;

brother Guillaume C. (1628-1679) Girl and Poultry, Rat Council (1876); Grand-
was a pupil of Pietro da Cortona, but mother (1878); A Corner in the Yard
followed the style of (1880) Waiting for the Paste (1881) Two
Carlo Maratti. Ch. ; ;

Blanc, Ecole fran9aise ; Louvre.

Friends (1884); Rat retired from the
Villot, Cat.
COUSIN, JEAN, born at Soucy near Sens World, Rat Council (1885).
(Yonne) about COUTURE, THOMAS, born at Senlis
1500, died 1589. (Oise), Dec. 21, 1815,
French school died in Villiers le ;

glass painter, Bel (Seine-et-Oise),

history and min- March 31, 1879.
iature painter, History and genre
engraver, and painter, pupil of
sculptor. Stud- Gros, and of Paul
iedglass painting Delaroche. Although
with Hympe and he won the 2d grand
GrassoL Much prix in 1837, and
renowned attracted attention
among his
countrymen for his historical by several able pictures in the course of the
paintings. Works: Last Judgment, Louvre next decade, it was not until 1847 that
;

Woman giving Alms, Brunswick Gallery Couture became celebrated by his Ramans ;

Miniatures in of the Decadence (Luxembourg

Museum), a
Prayer Book of picture which in the united qualities of com-
Henry EL, Biblio- position, conception, drawing, and colour,
thcque nationale, has few if any rivals in modern art. His
Paris ; Descent technical skill and great reputation
brought
from Cross (1521, Mentz), attributed to him many pupils,
among whom was the
him. Ch. Blanc, Ecole francaise Villot, American artist William M. Hunt. He was
;

Cat. Louvre. selected by Napoleon III. to paint a ceiling

COUTOURIER, LEON LUCIEN, born for the Louvre representing the birth of the
at Macon, France contemporary. History Prince Imperial, but having quarrelled with
;

painter, pupil of Danguin and Cabanel. the Empress about the drapery of the
Works Attack of Navy Riflemen (1875) child, he became hostile to the Government
:
;

Vanguard Engagement (1876) Extra Duty and seldom sent any pictures to the Salon.
;

on Water (1877) Alarm of the Chouans in In 18C7 he published an

;
essay on art en-
1793, Tailor of Boqueneveu (1878) Drum- titled "Eutretiens d'Atelier." Medals: 3d
;

mer School, Peasant of Guerchy (1879) An class, 1844 1st class, 1847 and 1855 L. of
; ; ;

Alert (1880) The Recital (1881) Forced Honour, 1848. Works Young Venetian
; ; :

March (1883) The Baggage Master (1884) after an Orgy (1840);

;
Prodigal Sou, Wid-
;

The Remount Depot (1885). ow, Return from the Fields (1841); Trouba-
COUTOURIER, PHHJBERT LEON, dour (1843); Jocunda, Love of Gold (1844),
born at Chalon-sur-Saone (Saone-et-Loire), Toulouse Museum Gypsy Girl
(1852); The ;

May 26, 1823. Animal painter, pupil of Falconer (1855); Volunteers of 1793 (1856);
343
 cox
Baptism of the Prince Imperial (1857, un- COXCYEN (Cocxie, Coxis), MICHIEL
finished); Return of the Troops from the VAN, born in Mechlin in 1499, died there
Crimea Pierrot's Dull
;
The Bacchante March 5, 1592. Flemish school pupil
; ; ;

Damocles (1872) Study for the Volunteers

;
of his father,
of 1793, Boston Museum of Fine Arts. and of Bern-
Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1882), 337; La- hard van Or-
rousse ;
Zeitschr. f. b. K, xvi. 101. ley,\vhom h e
COX, DAVID, born near Birmingham, succeeded as
April 29, 1783, died at Harborne Heath,
court painter to
near Birmingham, June 7, 1859. Landscape Mary of Hun-
painter in water-colours ; began as a scene gary ;
afterward

painter in Birmingham Theatre ;

went in studied several
1803 to London, where he became a teacher years in Rome,
of drawing, sketching with his pupils in where he was
Wales during the summer months. He re- called the Flemish Raphael. Also painted
moved to Hereford in 1815, returned to much in Brussels. He left numerous works
London in 1827, and settled at Harborne of unequal merit. His compositions, fre-

Heath in 1844. He was an excellent land- quently closely imitated from Raphael,
scape painter, and his works command high show much taste and beauty in the heads,
prices. Among them are Weald of Kent, : but the attitudes are artificial and exagger-
Hop Gatherers, Welsh Funeral, Chat Moss, ated. Works :
Martyrdom of St. Sebastian
Besom Makers, Deer Stalking, Windsor (1575), do. of St. Blasius and St. George
Castle, Vale of Chvyd. Solly, Memoir
Margaret, Triumph of Christ, Ant- (3), St.

(London, 1873); Hall, Life (London, 1881); werp Museum Death of Virgin, Christ ;

Portfolio (1873), 89. crowned with Thorns, Last Supper, Brus-

COX, DAVID, born at Dulwich, near Lou- sels Museum Birth of Virgin, Presentation ;

don, in 1809, died at Streatham Hill, Dec. of do., Death of do., St. Cecilia, Madrid
4, 1885. Landscape painter, water-colours Museum. His copy of the great altarpiece
;

son and pupil of the preceding. Associate of of the Van Eycks, the Ad-
Society of Painters in Water Colours. Works oration of the Lamb, made :

View on the Menai (1872); Loch Katrine, Ben for Philip IL in 1559, is
Lomond MIGHEL FLA
(1873); Rain on the Berwyu, Sun- partly in the Berlin Mu- :

M1NGO. IN.
clay Morning in Wales (1875); Path up the seum, partly in the Munich
On Dee and partly in
VENTVR.
Valley, Lyndale, the (1877); Pens- Gallery,
hurst Park, Hayfield (1878); On the Beach Ghent Cathedral. His son and pupil, Raph-
at Hastings (1882). van Coxcyen, guild of St. Luke 1585, ael
COX, KENYON, born less talent than his father.
at Warren, Allgem. d.
O., had
Oct. 27, 1856. Figure painter studied Biogr., iv. 537 Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv.
; ;

first in Cincinnati and Philadelphia, later, 456 Ch. Blanc, cole flamande Brock- ; ;

pupil in Paris of Carolus Duran and Ge- haus, iv. 653 C. & C., Flemish Painters, ;

rome. Visited Europe in 1877, and re- 66, 196 Michiels, v. 217 Nagler, Mon., iv. ; ;

mained in France with short intermissions 526.

until 1882. Member of Society of Ameri- COYPEL, ANTOINE, born in Paris,
can Artists. Studio in New York. Works April 11, 1661, died there, Jan. 1, 1722.
:

Head of Venetian Girl (1879); Lady in French school history painter, pupil of his ;

Black (1880); Pink and White (1881); Two father Noel, with whom he went to Rome
Portraits (1882); Afternoon, Thistledown in 1672, and received a prize from the Acad-
(1883); A Corner Window (1884). emy of St. Luke. After three years he re-
344
 COYPEL
turned to Paris, and there obtained a second French school ; history painter, pupil in
academical prize in 1676. In his twentieth Orleans of one Poncet, and in Paris of Quil-
year he became a 1 er i e r ; e m -

member the of ployed in 1646

Academy, in 1684 by Charles Er-
professor, and in rard as his as-
1714 director. sistant iu dec-
In 1716 he was orating the
nominated court Louvre, where
painter, and in after 1655 he
1717 ennobled. painted inde-
Works : Athaliah pendently for
driven from the the king as well as at the Tuileries and
Temple (1704) Susanna accused by
; the at Fontainebleau. In 1664 he became
Elders, Esther before Ahasuerus (1704) professor and in 1672 director of Academy
;

Rebecca and Eleazer, Flora and Zephyrus, in Rome after a three years' residence ;

Young Girl caressing a Dog, Louvre. Ch. there, during which he was received into the
Blanc, Ecole franchise Wurzbach, Die Academy of St. Luke, he returned to Paris,
;

franz. Maler des xviii. Jahrh., 14 ; Villot, where he became rector of the Academy in
Cat. Louvre. 1690, and director in 1695. Works Solon
:

COYPEL, CHARLES ANTOINE, born maintaining the Justice of his Laws (about
in Paris, July 1675), Ptolemy Philadelphus emancipating
11, 1694, died the Jews (about 1675), Trajan giving pub-
there, June 14, lic Audiences (about 1675), Alexander Sev-
1752. French erus distributing "Wheat in Time of Famine
school; history (about 1675), Malediction of Cain (1663),
and portrait Hercules and Achelous (1704), Hercules,
painter, son Dejanira, andNessus (1704), Apollo crowned
and pupil of by Victory, and others, Louvre. His son,
Anto i ne .
|
Noel Nicolas
Member of (1692-1734),
the Academy was a painter
in 1715, professor 1730, rector 1746, and and engraver.
court painter, 1747. Works : Perseus and His Venus, Bac-
Andromeda, Angelica and Medor (1733), chus, and Cupid (1727) is in the Louvre. Ch.
Louvre Medea ; Blanc, cole francaise ; Villot, Cat. Louvre.
pursued by Ja- C R A E S -
son (1715) ;
Sac- BECKE, JOOST
rifice of Abra- VAN, born at
ham ;
series of Neerlinter, Bra-
pictures from bant, in 1606,died
Don Quixote, in Brussels be-

Compiegne. /- .*. fore 1662. Flem-

Ch. Blanc, Ecole /WC genreish school ;

francaise ; Wurzbach, Die franz. Maler des painter, pupil of

xviii. Jahrh., 9. Adrian Brouwer;
COYPEL, NOEL (Natatis), born in Paris, admitted to Ant-
;

Dec. 25, 1628, died there, Dec. 24, 1707. !

werp guild in 1633 as "baker and painter,"

ar.
 CEAEYER
and to Brussels guild in 1651. Works: Flem- of St. Blasius, Triumphal Arch, Ghent Mu-
ish Tavern, Brussels Museum ; Interior, Ant- seum Adoration
;
of Shepherds, Amsterdam

werp Museum ;
Matrimonial Contract, Mad- Museum ;
Descent from Cross, Rotterdam
rid Museum Peasant with Felt Cap, Berlin Museum
; ; Martyr buried Alive, Lille Muse-
Museum Soldiers conversing with Women, um Portrait of Cardinal Infant Ferdinand,
;
;

Vienna Museum Craes- ;

Madrid Museum; Madonna and Saints (1646);
becke's Studio, Aremberg Munich Gallery Madonna and Saints, St. ;

Gallery, Brussels ; do., Theresa and Virgin, An-

Louvre ;
Woman
baking gelic Salutation, Vienna
Pancakes, Mr. Henderson's Collection. Museum Altarpieces in ;

Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 544 Biog. nat. de Bel- Cathedral of Aix, Prov-
;

gique, iv. 474 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole flamande ence, and of Amberg, Upper Palatinate.
;

Burger, Gallerie d'Aremberg (1859), 88 Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 571; Biog. nat. de Bel-
;

Journal des B. Arts (1869), 50 (1872), 153, gique, v. 27 ; Ch. Blanc, iScole flamande ; ;

162 Michiels, ix. 168, 450 Rooses (Reber), Cat. du Musee d'Anvers (1874), 102
; ; Mi- ;

404. chiels, viii. 390 Rooses (Reber), 337. ;

CRAEYER, CASPAR DE, born in Ant- CRAMER, ALFONS VON, born at Smyrna
werp, baptised in 1834. Genre and portrait painter; studied
Nov. 18, 1584, died in Florence, and in 1862-76 in Diisseldorf
in Ghent, Jan. 27, under Wilhelm Sohn, meanwhile travelling
1669. Flemish in Turkey, Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt.
school; history Works St. John (1866), Smyrna Cathedral;
:

painter, pupil of Rendezvous, Eavesdropper, Portrait of Sul-

Raphael van Cox- tan Abdul Aziz. Miiller, 118.

cyen, in Brussels, CRANACH, LUCAS, the elder, born at
where he was re- Kronach, Ba-
gistered master of varia, in Oct.
the guild, Nov. 3, (4?), 1472,
1607, and its pres- died in Wei-
ident in 1614-15. He was director from mar, Oct. 16,
1612 of the King of Spain's art collections, 1553. Ger-
was highly esteemed by Albert and Isabella, man school ;

governors of the Netherlands, and was court history and

painter to their successor, Cardinal Infant ;, portrait
Ferdinand, in 1635-41 removed to Ghent ; painter. His
in 1664. In friendly relations with Rubens family name
and Van Dyck, the former of whom painted was Miiller, and he was his father's pupil.
his portrait. He was by far the foremost In 1493, he went for two years to the Holy
among the contemporaries of Rubens in the Land with the Elector Frederic the Wise,
Spanish Netherlands. Works Portrait of who, on their return, gave him an apartment
:

Cardinal Infant Ferdinand, Madonna adored in his palace at Wittenberg, where Cranach
by Saints, St. Augustin in Ecstacy, Louvre; established a workshop for all kinds of pic-
Elias in the Desert, Antwerp Museum Mi- torial and decorative work, a printing press,
;

raculous Draught of Fishes, Assumption of and a pharmacy (burned in 1871). He was

St. Catherine, Martyrdom of St. Blasius, held in
high esteem there, and was twice
Pieta, Adoration of the Shepherds, eight elected burgomaster. In 1509, when Fred-
others, Brussels Museum; Judgment of Solo- eric sent him to the Netherlands, he painted
mon, Coronation of St. Rosalia, Martyrdom the portrait of Charles V., aged eight, for
346
 CRANACH
the Emperor Maximilian. Crauach was Stadtkirche, Wittenberg Raising of Laza- ;

court painter to three successive Electors, rus, Venus and Cupid, Apollo and Diana,
Frederic the Wise, John the Constant, and Berlin Museum Cupid stung by Bees, Wei- ;

Frederic the Magnanimous, whose captivity mar Gallery Venus and Cupid, Liechten-
j
;

he shared after the Battle of Muhlberg, at stein Gallery, Vienna Judgment of Paris, ;

Augsburg, where he met and painted Titian Carlsruhe Gallery ; Faun Family, Hercules
in October, 1552. The latter part of his life Spinning, Death of Lucretia (1524), Munich
was spent at Weimar, where he commenced Gallery; same subject (1532), Vienna Acade-
to paint one of his finest pictures, but died my ; Fountain of Youth, Berlin Museum ;

before its completion. pictures in his Dying Scene (1518), Leipzig Museum ; Old
The
first manner were painted before 1520, then Rich Man and Poor Young Girl, Vienna

followed a period of transition to his second Academy and Prague Gallery ; Stag Hunt
manner, which dates from 1530. Works (1529); Crucifixion, Stadtkirche, Weimar ;
:

Repose in
Egypt (1504), Palazzo Sciarra Great Hunt at Moritzburg (2, 1543, 1544),
Colonna, Rome The Fourteen Helpers in Madrid Museum; Portraits: Christian Scheu-
;

Need St. Mary's, Torgau

(1505), Last erl (1509), Nuremberg Museum Duke Al-
; ;

Judgment (1511-12) Madonna with Grapes brecht the Bold and Duchess Sidouie (1519),
;

(1512), Munich Gallery Descent from the Historical Museum, Dresden Luther, Lu-
; ;

Cross, St Mary's, Lttbeck Rosary, Bamberg ther's Wife, Melanchthon, Elector Frederic
;

Cathedral; SS. Willibald and Walpurga the Wise, John Frederic the Magnanimous,
(1520), Bamberg Gallery; Adoration of Magi, Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg (1525),
St. Wenceslaus, Naumburg Madonna with Darmstadt Gallery (1527), Berlin Museum
; ;

Marriage of St Catherine (1516); Madonna, several other Portraits of Luther and Wife
St. Jacob's, Tunsbruck White Madonna, and of the Saxon Electors named, Portrait
;

Konigsberg Cathedral Madonna under the of Cranach (1550), Uffizi, Florence, and
;

Apple Tree, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; Ma-

donna unter Tannen, St. John's, Breslau ; j

Madonna, Carlsruhe Gallery; Madonna, Er-

furt Cathedral Magdalen (1525), Cologne
;

Museum Altarpiece (1529), Marienkirche,

;

Halle Adam and Eve (2), Berlin Museum

; ;

replicas, Brunswick Gallery and Vienna Mu-

seum Adam and Eve (1528), Uffizi, Flor-
;

ence; Judith and Holofernesat Table (1531),

Judith after the Deed (1531), Gotha Gallery;
Judith with Head of Holoferues, Vienna, many others. Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. 559 ;

Dresden, Stuttgart, and Cassel Galleries Ch. Blanc, Scole allemande; Brockhaus, iv.
;

Samson and Delilah, City Hall, Augsburg 657 Dohme, Ii. Kugler (Crowe), i. 188
; ; ; ;

Christ (1534), Meissen Cathedral Christ Kugler, Kl. Schriften, ii. 32; Kunst-Chronik,
;

and the Adulteress, Munich Gallery; replica, xv. 634 xix. 607 Schuchardt, Lucas C.'s ; ;

Maurice Chapel, Nuremberg do., National Leben und Werke (Leipsic, 1851-71); War-
;

Gallery, Pesth Christ and the Children, necke, Lucas C. d. Altere (Gorlitz, 1879);
;

Stadtkirche, Naumburg; do., Pauliner- W. & W., ii. 419 Zahn's JahrbUcher, vL 124; ;

kirche, Leipsic Nine Passion

; Scenes, three Zeitschr. f. b. K, viii. 322.
in Museum, six in Royal Palace, Berlin CRANACH, LUCAS, the younger, born
;

Fall and Redemption (1529), Gotha Gallery at Wittenberg, Oct. 4, 1515, died at Wei-
;

same subject (1529), Prague Gallery; Altar- mar, Jan. 25, 1586. German school ; pupil
piece, Stadtkirche, Weimar; Last Supper, of his father, Lucas the elder, whom he suc-

347
 CRANCH
ceeded in his studio at Wittenberg and as Winter (1883); The Waning Year (1884);
burgomaster. Many works attributed to Indian Summer, A Moor Dartmouth, Mass.
the elder were doubtless painted by the (1885).
younger Cranach, whose only certain pict- CRANE, WALTER, born at Liverpool in
ures are those dated after his father's death 1845. Genre paint-
(1553). Works: Christ taken Captive er son and pupil of
;

(1538), Vienna Museum Hunt (1544), Vi- ;

Thomas Crane, por-
enna and Madrid Museum John Baptist ;
trait painter, and stu-

preaching (1549), Brunswick Gallery Ado- ; dent of W. J. Linton.

ration of Shepherds, Crucifixion, Conversion In 1871 went to Italy
of Paul (after 1553), Stadtkirche, Witten- and remained two
berg ;
The Lord's Vineyard (1569); Resur- years. Although he
rection (1554) Crucifixion (1557), Leipsic
; paints in oil and
Museum; Raising of Lazarus (1558); Mar- water-colours, he is

ried Couple (1564), Vienna Museum Con- ;

best known by his admirable illustrations
version of Paul, Maurice Chapel, Nurem- for children's books, such as "Beauty and

berg several in Dresden Gallery and His-

;
the Beast," " Baby's Opera," " Cinderella,"
" Two
torical Museum. Allgem. Biogr., iv. 562 ; Goody Shoes," etc. Works: Herald
Dohme li.; Kugler (Crowe), i.
195; W. & of Spring (1873) ; Plato's Garden (1875) ;

W., ii. 432. Renaissance of Venus (1877) Proserpine

;

CRANCH, CHRISTOPHER PEARSE, (1878) Haworth Castle, The Sirens ( 1879) La

; ;

born at Alexandria, Va., March 8, 1813. Cucumela Sorrento, Truth and the Travel-
Landscape painter studied in Italy in ;
ler (1880) Europa, The Laidley Worm of
;

184G-48, lived and painted in Paris and Spindletou Heugh (1881) Dunstanborough ;

Italy in 1853-63. Professional life in Castle, Fate, Tiber, Pisa (1882); Diana and
America passed in New York and Boston. the Shepherd, Sea-Blooms (1883); Bridge of
Elected N.A. in 1864, but has not exhibited Life (1884); Pandora, Freedom, Loch Bar,
since 1871. Mr. Cranch has also illus- Aros Bridge Isle of Mull, Aros Moor, ib.,
trated books he is at present living in Cliff at Swanage Bay Dorset (1885); Skele-
;

Cambridge, Mass. Works Afternoon in ton in Armour, frieze of dining-room, Miss

:

October (1867); Washington Oak, opposite C. L. Wolfe, Newport, R. I.

Newburg, N. Y. (1868) Val de Moline CRATINUS, painter, of Athens. Pliny
;

Amalfi, Italy (1869) Roman Citizen, Forest says (xxxv. 40 [139]), that he painted in the
;
I

of Fontainebleau Study, Neapolitan Fish- Pompeion. He was the father and master
erman, Venice (1870) Venetian Fishing- of Irene. Clein. Alexandr. Strom., iv. 124.
;

Boats (1871). CRATO, monochromatic painter, of

CRANE, BRUCE, born in New York in Sicyon, early period. Athenag. Leg. pro
1857. Landscape painter, pupil of A. H. Christ, 14 (59, ed. Dechair).
Wyant. First exhibited at the National CRANK, CHARLES ALEXANDRE, born
Academy in 1879. Studio in New York. at Douchy (Nords), Jan. 27, 1819. L. of
Works Landscape Autumn, T. B. Clarke, Honour, 1881. Works: Annunciation, As-
:

New York Hillside, Old Mill Pond Long sumption, Visitation (1877); St. Vincent de
;

Island (1879); On the Shrewsbury River, Paula led to Heaven by Faith, Hope, and

(1878); Two Scenes in Life of St.

After the Rain (1880); Moor Nantucket, Charity
Inlet on the Jersey Shore, in Vincent de Paula (1879)
Morning Portrait of Artist's ;

Spring Long Island (1881) In Blossom Father (1880); St. Francis de Sales present-
;

Time, Suburban Road East Hampton, ing Vincent de Paula to his Order (1882);
Study from Nature East Hampton (1882); Infancy of the Holy Virgin (1883); Vincent
348
 CREATION
de Paul (1884) ;
Marie (1885). Bellier, i. and imaginary. His Christ on the way to
319. Calvary and Christ meeting St. Veronica, a
CREATION, Michelaiiyelo. See Adam ; single picture dated 1598, is iu the Bologna
Eve ; Sun and Moou ; Tree*and Plants. Gallery. Other examples in churches of Bo-
CREDI, LORENZO DI, born in Florence logna, as, e.g., fresco, the Annunciation, ceil-
in 1459,died there, ing of Sacristy in S. Martino Maggiore,
Jan. 12, 1537. and Coronation of the Madonna, lunette,
Florentine school; staircase, S. Maria del Bosco. Malvasia, i.
son of Andrea di 225 ; Lanzi, iii. 53 ;
Ch. Blanc, Kcole bolo-
Credi, goldsmith ;
naise ; Gualandi, 50, 126.
pupil and assist- CRESCENZIO, ANTONIO, of Palermo,
ant of Verrocchio 15th century. Neapolitan school No rec-
atsame time with ords of him. His fresco, Triumph of Death,
Leonardo da Vinci in the court of the hospital at Palermo, is a
and Perugino. ff fanciful production which may have been
Under Verroc- suggested by that of the Campo Santo,
chio'a care he long laboured in copying either Pisa. The figures are thrown together with-
his master's or Leonardo's sketches, with such out much regard for appropriate distribu-
accuracy that Vasari says it was difficult to tion, but are drawn with great minuteness

distinguish work
his from the originals. of outline. It recalls the Sanseverini, to
;

Lorenzo followed Leonardo, and was but whom, however, Crescenzio was superior. ,

slightly affected by Perugino. His works C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 110.
are all easel pictures, remarkable for careful CRESPI, DANIELE, born in Milan in
}

execution and minute finish. His favour- 1590, died there

ite subject was the Holy Family. The best in 1630. Lom-
and oldest of his altarpieces is the Madonna bardo - Milanese
and St. John the Baptist in the Duomo of Pis- school son and ;

toja,which is strongly reminiscent of Leo- pupil of Gio.

nardo. His Madonna, Mentz Museum, is Battista Crespi
almost equally successful, as is the Holy (II Cerano); later
Family, Palazzo Borghese, Rome. The Ma- studied under \

donna with Saints, Louvre Baptism of Giulio Cesare ; ,

Christ, Ufiizi, Florence ; Nativity, Florence Procaccini;

Academy and Madonna and Virgin adoring practised the
;

Infant Christ, National Gallery, London, maxims of the school of the Carracci and
|

are also among became famous, but was cut off, with all his
the best ex-' family, by the plague. Several of his pict-
amples of his ures, March to Calvary, Last Supper, Holy
work C.&C., Family, Baptism of Christ, are in the Brera;
-

iii. 403 Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 563, 575 others in churches in Milan, and in the Cer-
Italy, ; ;

Burckhardt, 581, 622, 855 Ch. Blanc, cole ;

florentine Liibke, Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 368

; ;

ii. 37.

CREMONINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA,

born at Cento (?), died in Bologna in 1610. tosa of Pavia. Lanzi, ii. 520 Ch. Blanc, ;

Bolgnese school. Chiefly a decorative paint- ficole milanaise Burckhardt, 765 Lavice,
j
; ;

er. Painted some good historical subjects, Revue des Musees d'ltalie (Paris, 1862).
I

but is noted for his pictures of animals, real CRESPI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, called
!
 CEESPI
to the Village Church
D Cerano, born at Cerano, near Novara, in in 1851. His Pathway
1557, died at Milan in 1633. Lombardo- (1839) is in the National Gallery. Other
Milanese school history painter
; pupil works Pleasant Way Home (1846), Passing
;
:

of Procaccini, then studied in Rome and Showers (1849), Wind on Shore (1850), Old
Venice and settled in Milan, where he was Trees (1850), Mountain Lake Moourise
Cardinal (1852), Across the Beck (1864), Change-
patronised by the Duke and by
Federigo, and made member of the Acad- able Weather (1865). Redgrave Cat. Nat. ;

emy, and em- Gal.; Athenaeum, 1870 Art Journal (1856), ;

141 ; Sandby, ii. 289.

tect> 8CU iptor, CRETIUS, KONSTANTIN, born at Brieg,
and painter. Silesia, Jan. 6, 1814. Genre, history, and
Apart from oc- portrait painter, pupil of Berlin Academy
casional man- under Wach went in 1839 to Brussels, ;

nerism, his style Paris, and Italy in Rome until 1842, and ;

is free and after his return to Berlin painted a number

Works :
Assembly of Francis- of historical genre pictures. In 1846 Fred-
spirited.
cans Christ crowned with Thorns (ascribed erick William IV. sent him to Constantino-
;

to Correggio), Berlin Museum Christ ap- ple to paint a portrait of Sultan Abdul Med-
;

pearing to SS. Peter and Paul, Vienna Mu- jid. In 1860 he became a member of the
seum Madonna del Eosario, Brera, Milan Berlin Academy, and afterwards professor.
; ;

Baptism of St. Augustine, S. Marco, Venice. Works: Contest with the Syrinx (1836);
CEESPI, GIUSEPPE MAEIA, called Lo Greek Emigrants (1836); Jacob Mourning for
Spagnuolo, born in Bologna in 1665, died Joseph (1838); Ave Maria, Vintage at Ischia,
there in 1747. Bolognese school history Italian Beggar, Notary Public, Pettifogger
;

and portrait painter pupil of A. M. Toiii, (1839-42); The Savoyards, Odalisque, Siesta,
;

D. M. Canuti, C. Ciguani, and G. A. Burrini. Flower Festival in Genzano, Carnival in

Painted in Venice, Parma, and Modena, and Rome, Adorning the Bride, A la bella vista,
executed works in Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Tourists in Switzerland (1842-59); Resur-
for Grand Duke Ferdinand. Works Holy rection (1859); Louis XIV. and Maria Man-
:

Family, Portrait of Old Man, Palazzo Pitti cini playing Chess (1859); Cromwell and ;

his own portrait, Uffizi, Florence St. Stan- the Independents Salzburg Protestants in
; ;

islaus, Gesii, Ferrara; St. Anthony the Ab- Berlin in 1732 ; Knighting of Prince Al-
bot, S. Niccolo, Bologna ;
Madonna with brecht of Prussia ;
Order of St. John in the
Bologna Gallery Madonna, Ecce
Saints, ; Schleswig-Holstein Campaign; Aiding Chris-
Homo, and 11 others, Dresden Museum ; tians in Syria Louis XTV. in Parliament
;

Weeping Nun, Munich Gallery School, ; (1870); Cromwell prevented from Embarking
Louvre Holy Family, Death of St. Joseph,
; for America (1874); On Wedding Trip to
his own portrait, Hermitage, St. Peters- Italy, Tourists in Switzerland (1876); Re-
burg Chiron teaching Achilles to Shoot, freshing Draught (1839), Captured Cav-
;

JEneas and Cumean Sibyl, Vienna Museum. aliers before Cromwell (1867), National
CRESTI, DOMENICO. See Passignano. Gallery, Berlin. Brockhaus, iv. 673 Mul- ;

CRESWICK, THOMAS, born in Shef- ler, 119; Rosenberg, Berl. Malersch., 39.
field, England, Feb. 5, 1811, died at Bays- CREVALCORE. See Antonio da Creval-
water, Dec. 28, 1869. Pupil in Birming- core.
ham of J. V. Barber ; went in 1828 to Lon- CRISCUOLO, GIOVANNI FILIPPO,
don and began to exhibit Welsh and Irish born at Gaeta about 1510, died in Naples in
scenes, and after 1840 views from North of 1584. Neapolitan school pupil of Andrea ;

England became A.R.A. in 1842 and R.A. da Salerno afterward studied with Perino
; ;

350
 CRISTO
del in Rome, and diligently copied the
Vaga CRIVELU, CARLO, born in Venice alwut
works Raphael Took high rank among
of 1430-40, died after 1493. Venetian school ;

the Neapolitan artists, and executed many pupil of Antonio and Bartolommeo da Mu-
works for churches. An Adoration of the rano, whose studio he entered probably
Magi and a Madonna with Saints (triptych), about 1450. Settled in Ascoli as early as ;

and a Martyrdom of St. Stephen, are in the 1468 began to paint exclusively in the cities
Naples Museum. His younger brother, of the Marches, and laboured there to the
Giovanni Angelo (died about 1573), pupil of end of his days. In 1490 he was knighted
Marco da Siena, was also a painter of con- by Prince Ferdinand of Capua, but this did
siderable talent, and left some good pictures not affect the steady exercise of his profes-
in Naples churches. Lanzi, ii. 23, 26 ; Ch. sion. He was a painter of remarkable tal-
Blanc, Ecole napolitaine. ent, fond of elaborate detail, never careless
CRISTO DEI CAPPUCCINL See Cruci- in work, and as conscientious as he was
fixion, Guido.
skilful. At times he painted with the mys-
CRISTO DELLA MONETA. See Tribute tic feeling of Angelico, but his figures are
Money. often exaggerated in action and mannered
CRISTOFORO DA PARMA. never abandoned the sys-
See Caselli, in style. Crivelli
Cristoforo. tem of tempera in which he had been
CRISTUS, PETRUS, (Pieter Christoph- taught, and while other artists were trying
sen), born at Baerle near Deynze, Belgium, oils, worked on in the
old method with great
about 1400, died in Bruges, after 1472. energy and success. No pictures of the
Flemish school probably pupil of Jan van period have better resisted the ravages of
'

Eyck, whose style he his, as numerous examples in the

imitated. Bought time than
freedom of Bruges, July G, 1444, registered Brera at Milan, the Berlin Museum, the
in guild of St. Luke in 1450, and in 1469 Vatican, the Kensington Museum, the Na-
was one of the notables. In March, 1472, tional Gallery, and Dudley House, London,
'

he officiated as umpire for the guild in a testify. Among his best works are Ma- ,
:

dispute with Pierre Constain, the ducal donna della Rondine, Madonna with
Saints

painter. Works Portrait of Edward Grim- (1476), Madonna and Saints (1482), Brera,
:

ston (1446), Earl of Verulam, England Ma- Milan ; Annunciation (I486), National Gal-
;

donna and Saints (1447), Stiidel Institute, lery, London ; Madonna with Saints, Dud-
Frankfort ;
St. Eloi and the Bridal Pair
(1449), Oppenheim Gallery, Cologne ; Altar \
OPVS-KAROU-CR1VELLI VNET
wings (1452) Annunciation, Birth of Christ,
and Last Judgment (1452) and Portrait of ley House ; and Pieta, Vatican. C. & C.,
a Lady, Berlin Museum ;
Altar wings N. Italy, i. 82 Burckhardt, 591 Seguier,
; ;

Crucifixion, Last Judgment Hermitage, St. Ch. Blanc, T5cole ve'nitienne Liibke, 51 ; ;

Petersburg Madonna, Turin Gallery pict- Gesch. ital. Mai., i. 519.

; ;

ure in four compartments Annunciation, CRIVELLI, LUCREZIA. See lielle Fcr-

Visitation, Nativity, and Adoration of Magi onniere.
Madrid Museum Kneeling Figure and ;
CRIVELLI, VTTTORIO, Venetian school,
Saint, Copenhagen Gallery; portrait of end of 15th century. A kinsman and medi-
Marco Barberigo, National Gallery, London, ocre imitator of Carlo Crivelli ;
earliest effort

attributed to G. van der Meire (?). Allgem. a rudely executed picture (1481) at Fermo,
d. Biogr., iv. 598 Biog. nat. de Belgique, latest works (1489-90) at Monte
;
San Mar-
|

iv. 505 C. & C., Flemish Painters, 135

;
tino. Other paintings executed in the in-;
;

Dohme, li.; Michiels, ii. 243, 364, 395 ;

iii. tervalmay be seen at Bologna, Palermo,
420 ;
W. & W., ii. 25. Massa, Milan in the Brera, and London in

351
 CROFTS
the Kensington Museum. C. & C., N. Italy, Karl, and Wilhelm Sohn. His portraits
i. 96 ; Burckhardt, 592. found great favour at the Vienna Exhibi-
CROFTS, ERNEST, born at Leeds, Eng- tion, 1873, and Munich Exhibition, 1879.
land, Sept. 15, In 1877 he became professor at the Diissel-
1847. Genre dorf Academy. Painted also genre scenes,
painter ; pupil in and in 1871 an altarpiece for a church in
London of A. B. Courland. Miiller, 327.
Clay, and in Diis- CROME, JOHN, called Old Crome, born
seldorf of E. J. in Norwich, England, Dec. 21, 1769, died
Hunten. Paints there, April 22, 1821. Brought up a coach
chiefly military painter, formed himself by studying nature
subjects. Elect- and pictures of the Dutch school. With
ed an A.R.A. in one exception, the Blacksmith's Shop (1809),
1878. Works all his pictures are landscapes painted with
:

A Retreat (1874) ; Liguy (1875) ; Morning sweetness of colour, richness of tone, and
of Waterloo (1876) Ironsides returning truth.
;
He was a genuine student of nature
from Sacking a Cavalier's House, Cromwell who delighted in painting lanes, heaths, and
atMarston Moor (1877); Wellington's March river banks, with effects of sunlight and
from Quatre Bras to Waterloo (1878) Even- ; moonlight. Mousehold Heath, in the Na-
ing of Waterloo (1879) George at Det- ;
H tional Gallery, is perhaps his masterpiece.

tingen (1881) At the Farm of Mont St.

;
He founded the Norwich School of Arts in
Jean Waterloo (1882) At the Sign of the 1805, and may be regarded as the father of
;

Blue Boar Holborn, Charles I. going to the Norwich school of landscape painting,
Execution (1883) Wallenstein (1884). Art
;
of which Vincent, Stark, and Cotman were
Journal (1882), 22, 31; Athen., May 18, 1878. the leading artists. His son, John Beruay
CROIZETTE MLLE., Portrait, Carolus- Crome (1793-1842), was an indifferent land-
Duran. Equestrian portrait of Mile. Sophie scape painter. Ch. Blanc, Ecole anglaise ;
Croizette, the actress. She is mounted on Portfolio (1879), 33, 48.
a black horse, head to left, and is looking CROMWELL AND CHARLES I, Paul
full face. Philadelphia Exhibition, 1876. Ddaroche, Nimes Museum ; canvas. Sub-
CROLA, GEORG HEINRICH, born in ject from "Quatre Stuarts," of Chateaubri-
Dresden, June G, 1804, died at Ilseuburg in and. Cromwell, standing beside the coffin
the Hartz, May 6, 1879. Landscape painter, in which repose the remains of Charles I.,

pupil in Dresden of Klengel and studied has lifted the lid, and is gazing intently on
from nature and after the Dutch masters in the face of the dead. Salon, 1831. En-
Dresden Gallery. Was in service of the graved by Henriquel Dupout. Clement de
Duke of Coburg-Gotha, in 1828-30, and Ris, ii. 210; Larousse, v. 583.
then in Munich until 1840, when he settled CROPSEY, JASPER FRANCIS, born at
in the Use Valley. Works: Gi-eat Oak RossviUe, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1823. Landscape
Landscape Storm on Lake Chiem After-
; ; painter, pupil of Edward Maury. Visited
glow in the Alps The Traun Falls On England, France, Switzerland, and Italy in
; ;

Lake Starenberg Aniruer Lake Teuto-

; 1847 went abroad again in 1855, and spent
; ;

burg Forest Outlook from the Brocken.

; seven years in London. Elected N.A. in
Kunst-Chronik, xv. 530. 1851. Studio in New York. Works in oil :

CROLA, HUGO, born at Usenburg in the Jedburgh Abbey, Pontine Marshes (1847);
Hartz, in 1841. Portrait painter, son of Backwoods of America (1857); Richmond
Heinrich, pupil of Berlin Academy then Hill (1862); Anne Hathaway's Cottage (Ed- ;

of Diisseldorf Academy under Bendemanu, win Booth, New York) ;

Greenwood Lake
863
 CROQUEMITA1NE
(1870) Lake Nemi Italy (1879) Twilight, Venice Academy canvas, H. 10 ft C in. x 13
; ; ;

Old Church at Arreton Isle of Wight ft. 9 in. signed, dated 1500. A relic of the ;

(1880); Sketching in the Glen, Eamapo Val- true cross, borne in procession, is lost in the

ley (1881) ;
Autumn on the Hudson River water while crossing a bridge ; many seek
(1882); Wawayanda Valley (1883); Spring- it in vain, but it is at last found by Doge
time in England (1884); Misty Morning on Andrea Vendramiu Catherine Cornaro, ex- ;

Greenwood Lake, Lake Thrasymene Italy Queen of Cyprus, and her suite, are among
(1884); October in Ramapo Valley (1885). the kneeling spectators on the left the fore- ;

Water-colours On the St. Lawrence, Wick- most one of the kneeling group in front, to
:

ham Pond Florida (1884). Manhattan be the painter himself.

right, is said to
Mag., April, 1884. From
Giovanni Evangelists.
Scuola di S.

CROQUEMITAINE, BAGAGE DE, Tiui- C. & C., N. Italy, i. 132 Zanotto, Pinac. ;

oleon Lobrichon, canvas. Croquemitaiue is Accad., PI. 40 Burckhardt, 594. ;

one of the legendary monsters with whose By Giovanni Manxueli, Venice Academy ;

name nurses frighten children. The pict- canvas, H. 10 ft. in. x 15 ft The relic of
ure represents a basket with four children the cross, carried in procession (1474) at
packed ready for departure, and a fifth sit- the burial of one who had doubted its mi-
;

ting beside it. Engraved by L. Massard. raculous powers, is arrested by an invisible

CROSS, DEPOSITION FROM. See De- force, and its bearers have to procure an-
scent from Cross. other one from a neighbouring chapel
CROSS, DESCENT See FROM
De- Scene, a canal fringed by buildings and
scent from Cross. crossed by a drawbridge the spectator at ;

CROSS, DISCOVERY OF, Oarofalo, Fer- left, with a scroll in his hand, is supposed
i

rara Gallery ; wood, H. 10 ft. 5 in. x 5 ft 11 to be the painter himself. Painted in 1493
in. The
finding of the cross by St. Helena, for Scuola di S. Giov. Evaugelista.
;
C. &
mother of Constantino the Great. A rich C., N. Italy, L 220; Zanotto, Pinac. dell
i

composition of figures with a landscape Accad. Venez., PI. 28 Burckhardt, 599. ;

background above, a glory of angels.

; CROSS, PROCESSION OF, Gentile Bel-
Painted in 1536 for S. Venice Academy canvas, H. 11 ft. 10
Domenico, Ferrara. lini, ;

Vasari, ed. Mil., vi. 465. x 24 ft. 4 in. signed, dated 1496. The
in. ;

By Tintoretto, S. M. Mater Domini, Ven- procession of the brethren of S. Giovanni

\

ice. A carefully-painted and attractive pict- Evangelista, bearing the relic of the cross,
ure, but by no means a good specimen of has issued from the portal between S. Marco
the master, as far as regards power of con- and the Pal. Ducale, and is proceeding up
ception. Ruskin, Stones of Venice, iii. 312; the Piazza di S. Marco Giovanni Salis, a ;

Ridolfi, Marav., ii. 212. merchant of Brescia, kneels near the shrine
CROSS, ELEVATION OF. See Eleva-' of the relic, and by making a vow to the
tion of Cross. cross causes the healing of his son in Bres-
CROSS, JOHN, born in Tiverton, Eug- cia. Painted for the Scuola di S. Giovanni
!

land, in 1819, died in London, Feb. 26, Evangelista. The most important extant
\

1861. History painter, pupil of Picot in work of the Venetian school previous to the
Paris. His Clemency of Richard Cceur de advent of Titian.-C. & C., N. Italy, L 129.
Lion gained the first premium of 300 in CROSS, VISION OF. See Conntantine.
the Westminster Hall competition in 1847, CROWE, EYRE, born at Chelsea, Oct.,
and was bought by the royal commissioners 1824. Genre painter, pupil in Paris of
for 1,000; and his Assassination of Thomas Paul Delaroche, whom he accompanied to
a Becket (1843) is in Canterbury Cathedral. Rome in 1843 entered schools of Royal ;

CROSS, MIRACLE OF, Gentile Bellini, Academy, London, in 1844, and exhibited
363
 CBOWNINSHIELD
his first picture, Prynne searching the Pock- ham Beaches (1878)
'

Marat, of ;
Execution
ets of Laud in the Tower, in 1846 elected the Due d'Enghien
;
1804 (1879) Forfeits ;

an A.R.A in 1876. Works Milton visiting (1880) Explosion of the Cashmere Gate at
: ;

Galileo in Prison Delhi, Sandwiches, Sir Roger de Coverley at

(1859); Swift read- Westminster Abbey (1881); Defence of Lon-
ing a Letter from don 1643,
How Happy could I be with
Stella, Boswell's Either (1882); Market Place
Evesham,
|

Introduction to Old Porch at Evesham (1883) School at the

j
;

the Club (I860); Aitre St. Maclou Rouen, Fish Market

Virginia Slave Sale, Rouen (1884). Art Journal (1864), 205.
Barber's Shop CROWNINSHIELD, FREDERIC, born
(1861) ; De Foe in in
Boston, Mass.; contemporary. Figure
the Pillory (1862); painter pupil of Rowbotham in London,
;

Burial of Goldsmith (1863) ; Luther post- Benouville in Rome, and of Cabanel, Cou-
cole des Beaux Arts in Paris.
ing his Theses (1864) Charles II knighting ture, and the
;

Exhibited his first picture,

a portrait group, in the
Paris Salon of 1878. Stu-
dio in Boston.
CRUCHECASSEE. See
Broken Pitcher.
CRUCIFIXION, (Fr.
Crucifiement; Ital. Croci-
fissione ; Sp. Crucifixion ;

Ger. Die Kreuzigung) ;

the scene immediately suc-

ceeding the Elevation of
the Cross.
By Antonello da Messina,
Antwerp Museum wood, ;

H. 1 ft. 11 in. x 1 ft. 4 in.

Christ on the cross be-

tween the two thieves ;
at

left, the Virgin, seated ;

at

right, St. John, kneeling.

Kugler (Eastlake), ii.

320; C. & C., Flemish

Painters, 235.
By Lucas Cranach,
Stadtkirche, Weimar ;
H.
11 ft. 6 in. x 9 ft. 11 in.

Christ on cross, with St.

Crucifixion, Lucas Cranach, Stadtkirche, Weimar.
John Baptist (portrait of
the Loin of Beef (1867) The Vestal (1870) the artist) on right, calling to it the attention
; ;

Old Mortality (1871) Out of School (1872); of Luther and Melancthon, who stand beside
;

Sheep-Shearing Match (1875): Darning Day, him on left, Christ triumphant over Satan,
;

Red Maid's School (1876); Sanctuary, Silk- who is again seen in middle distance driving
worms, Prayer (1877) School Treat at Burn- sinners into the fire. Upon the wings are
;

364
 CRUCIFIXION.
the Elector John Frederick and his and on the further side of the cross,
family. tioner,
Painted in 1555. Considered Cranach's two spectators. Painted about 1627 for Ch.
finest work. Kugler (Crowe), i. 192 Schu- of the Recollets, at the
;
suppression of which
chart, ii. 240; Forster, x. transferred to the Cathedral carried to Paris ;

By Gheerardt David, Berlin Museum and returned in 1815. Engraved

;
by Van
wood, arched, H. 4 ft. 7 in. x 3 ft. 3 in. den Wyngaerde Bolswert J. J. Van den ; ;

Christ on the cross, bewailed

by the Marys, Berghe;C. Normand. Smith, iii. 1; Guif-
the Magdalen, and John The
Evangelist. frey.
figure of Christ is a facsimile of that in the By Cornells Enyelbrecht/n>n, Leyden Mu-
baptism of Christ, painted for Jean des seum. Large altarpiece with
many figures,

Crucifixion, Andrea Mantegna, Louvre, Paris.

Trompes. Formerly in Solly Collection. and wings representing Abraham's Sacrifice

C. & C., Flemish Painters, 307. and the miracle of the Brazen Serpent in ;

By Anton van Dyck, Mechlin Cathedral ; the predellu, Restoration of Mankind by the
canvas, H. 13 ft. x 9 ft. The Saviour upon Atonement of Christ.
the cross, between the two thieves, has
just By Guulo Rcni, Bologna Gallery canvas.;

expired the sun is veiled and gloom obscures

; The Virgin and St. John beside the cross.
the heavens; on the right, the One
Virgin behind ; of Guide's finest creations. Formerly
her John and Mary the mother of James, on high altar of the Cappuccini, whence
and at the foot of the cross the Magdalen ;
called Cristo dei Cappuccini. Kugler (East-
on the opposite side, a mounted soldier lean- lake), ii. 580.
ing on the pommel of his saddle, and look- By Andrea Mante<jna, Louvre, Paris wood, ;

ing fixedly at Christ ;

on his left an execu- H. 2 ft. 2 in. x3 ft. Christ on the cross be-
 CRUCIFIXION.
tween the two thieves ;
at left, St. John and yielded up the ghost, has bowed his head
the holy women ; at right, soldiers playing upon his breast on his right, the believing ;

dice and two others mounted in back- malefactor ; on his left, the other having his
;

ground, Jerusalem and rocks. Fragment of legs broken by

the executioner on the ;

predella of altarpiece of S. Zeno, Verona right, two soldiers on horseback, one of

;

two other parts in Tours Museum. En- whom is piercing the Saviour's side with a
graved by G. Maiua. Villot, Cat. Louvre. spear, while Mary Magdalen, at the foot of
By Gerard Van der Meire, S. Bavon, the cross, looks at him with horror in front, ;

Ghent ;
Centre panel, the Cruci- the Virgin, Mary wife of Cleophas, and St.
triptych.
Sir Joshua Reynolds calls this the
fixion wings, Moses striking the Rock, John.
;

and the Brazen Serpent. Remarkable for most carefully finished of all Rubens' works,
number of figures introduced, but not for and one of the first pictures in the world.
skilful distribution. C. & C., Flemish Presented to Church of the Recollets, Ant-
Painters, 147 ; Kugler (Eastlake), 88.
i.
werp, in 1620, by Nicolaas Rockox, burgo-
By Murillo, Hermitage, St. Petersburg master. Carried to Paris returned in 1815.
; ;

canvas, H. 3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. Christ sus- Engraved by Bolswert Aubert Val. Green. ; ;

pended on the cross, at the foot of which, at Smith, ii. 13Beechey, Reynolds, ii. 177.
;

left, stand St. John and the Virgin ;

at right, By Tintoretto, S. Cassiano, Venice canvas. ;

St. Mary Magdalen, kneeling, looking front, The three crosses on right centre occupied ;

embracing the Saviour's feet; in background, by executioners, one of whom, standing on

the towers of Jerusalem. From Houghton a ladder, receives from the other the sponge
Gallery appraised at
;
150. Repetition, and the tablet the Virgin and St. John at ;

with changes Mr. Spannocchia, New York. left; in background, a group of Roman sol-
:

Curtis, 201 Houghton Gal., i. 4G.

;
diers. An excellent picture, not often sur-
By Raphael, Earl Dudley, London; wood, passed by the master. Ruskin, Stones of
H. 8 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft. 7 in. signed. Christ Venice, iii. 289. ;

on a high cross, with an angel in the air on By Tintoretto, SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Ven-
"
each side, collecting in a vase the blood ice ;canvas, H. about 12 ft x 15 ft. A
from his wounds above the cross, both the
; picture of about fifty figures, not one of
sun and the moon below, on right the Vir- ;
which injures or contends with another. As
gin standing and St. Jerome kneeling, on a piece of colour, and light and shade, it is
left Mary Magdalen kneeling and St. John altogether marvellous." Ruskin, Stones of
standing. Not distinguishable from Peru- Venice, iii. 305.

gino's work, but certainly by Raphael ; By Tintoretto, Scuola di S. Rocco, Venice ;

painted about 1500 for Cappella Gavri or canvas, signed and dated 1565. Covering
Gavari in Dominican church at Citta di the whole of one wall of the Sala dell' Al-
Castello, whence sold, about 1800, for 4,000bergo. Ruskin says it is beyond all analysis
scudi; passed to Fesch Collection, whence and above all praise. Tintoretto was paid
bought, in 1845, for 10,000 scudi by Prince 280 ducats for this work, and was made
Canino, who sold it in 1847 to Lord Ward, member of the confraternity, with commis-
now Earl Dudley. Engraved by L. Gru- sion to adorn the Church and the Scuola
ner for German edition of Passavaut. Va- with pictures. Engraved by Agos. Carracci
sari, ed. Mil., iv. 318 Passavant, ii. 9 (1589). Ruskiu, Stones of Venice, iii. 353
; ; ;

Waagen, Treasures, ii. 232 C. & C., Ra- Ch. Blanc, 33cole venitienne Zanotto, 449
; ; ;

phael, i. 119, 135 ; Rossini, PI. ccxii. Bartsch, xviii. 51.

By Mubens, Antwerp Museum canvas, H. By Titian, S. Domenico, Ancona canvas,

; ;

14 ft. x 10 ft. 2 in. The three crosses on arched on top, figures life-size. Christ on
Calvary at evening ; the Saviour, who has the cross, at foot of which are St. Dominic,

85fi
 CRUIKSHANK
St. John Evangelist, and the Magdalen, position of several hundred small figures,
Painted in 15G2-3. Much injured and re- now in the National Gallery. Robert Isaac
painted. C. & C., Titian, ii. 328. C. (died 1850), designer in water colours,

Subject treated also by Vincenzo Foppa was his brother. Cat. Nat. GaL Redgrave ; ;

the elder, Bergamo Gallery Jacopo degli C. Carr, Essays, 223 ; Portfolio (1872), ;

Avanzii, Palazzo Colonna, Rome, Bologna 77. j

Gallery Albrecht Altdorfer, Augsburg Gal-

;
CRUSADERS BEFORE JERUSALEM, ;

lery, Nuremberg Gallery Hans Holbein, Wilhelm von Kaulbach, New Museum, Ber-
;

the elder, Augsburg Giillery; Pietro Perugi- lin ;

mural painting, staircase. On a hill

no, Villa Albani, Rome

Albrecht Dttrer, before Jerusalem, which is seen in back-
;

Dresden Gallery Francesco Francia, Bo- ground, a group of soldiers, bishops and
;
'

logna Gallery, Louvre Francesco Bousig- priests on second hill, to right, Godfrey do
; ;

nori,Verona Gallery Luca Siguorelli, Flor- Bouillon holding up a crown before army of
;

ence Academy; Alesso Baldovinetti, Florence Crusaders, among whom are seen Boheinond
Academy Filippo Lippi, Stiidel Institute, and Tancred above, in clouds, Christ and
; ;

Frankfort Alonso Cano, Academy of S. Fer- the Virgin, with martyrs

;
in foreground, ;

nando, Madrid Giacoiuo Cavedone, Galleria Peter of Amiens praying behind him, peiii-
; ;

Estense, Modena ;
Pierre Subleyras, Brera, tents, minstrels, etc.
Milan ;
Bernardo Gatti, Naples Museum ; CTESICLES, painter, of Asia Minor,
Rubens, Munich Gallery; Cornelis Engel- about 300 B.C. Failing to gain the favour
brechtseu, Munich Gallery Master of Lyvers- of Queen Stratonice, he revenged himself
;

burg Passion, Museum Wallraf-Richartz, Co- by painting her with a fisherman, her re- '

logne ;
Lucas Cranach, Munich Gallery puted lover, put the picture on exhibition ;

Leandro Bassano, Berlin Museum Sacchi in Ephesus and made his escape by sea. ;

di Pavia, Berlin Museum Michael Wohlge- But the Queen considered the likenesses so
;

muth, Munich Gallery, Nuremberg Gallery; excellent that she forbade the removal of
Goya y Lucientes, Madrid Museum Andrea the painting. Pliny, xxxv. 40 [140]. ;

da Solario, Louvre Martin van Heemskerck, ; CTESIDEMUS, Greek painter, master of j

Hermitage, St. Petersburg Marten de Vos, Anliphilus, about 37(J B.C. Pliny mentions
;

Uffizi, Florence, Antwerp Museum Garofo- among his works the Capture of CEchalia
;

lo, Brera, Milan Gabriel Max, Mr. Lehmann, and Laodamia.

; Pliny, xxxv. 40 [138].
Prague and many others.
; CTESILOCHUS, Greek painter, pupil of
CRUIKSHANK, GEORGE, bom in Lon- Apeiles, famous for a burlesque picture of
don, Sept. 27, 1792, died there, Feb. 1, 1878. the birth of Dionysus from the thigh of
Genre painter and illustrator, son and pupil Zeus. Pliny, xxxv. 40. Perhaps identical
of Isaac C., caricaturist (175G-1811); began with Ctesiochus, brother of Apeiles, men-
as a book illustrator and etcher, designing tioued by Suidas (Apeiles, V.).
many illustrations for Egan's Life in London, CUEVAS, LAS, PEDRO DE born in
Grimm's Fairy Tales, Dickens's earlier works, Madrid in 15(i8, died there in 1(535. Spau-
and numerous periodicals. Also published ish school a mediocre painter, best ;
known
several series of prints, such as Points of through the fame of his scholars, among
Humour, Morning in Bow Street, The Bottle, whom were Juan Carreno, Antonio Pareda,
Sunday in London, etc. In his later years Jose Leonardo, and Francisco Camilo. His
he exhibited works in oil at the British In- son Eugenio, another pupil, was a painter of
stitute and the Royal Academy, among them no great merit. Pedro is said to have died
being Tarn O'Shanter, Titania and Bottom, of grief because he was not appointed
Cinderella, and the Worship of Bacchus King on the death of Gonza-
painter to the
(H. 7 ft 8 in. x 13 ft. 3 in.), the last a com- les. Stirling, i. 435.

357
 CUISINE
CUISINE DES ANGES. See Diego, Venus stands beside him. Painted about
St.,
of Alcala. 1522-25 came from Gonzaga Collection,
;

CUMMINGS, THOMAS SEIR, promi- Mantua, to Charles I. of England, and

nent in the early part of the century as a sold, after his death, for 800 later pos- ;

miniature painter. He was one of the found- sessed by Duke of Alva, and by Don
ers of the National Academy, New York, an Manuel Godoy, from whose collection taken

early vice-president, and its treasurer in by Murat in French invasion and carried to
1840-45. He
painted the portraits of some Naples ; sold by ex-queen of Naples to Mar-
of the most distinguished men of his time. quis of Londonderry, and by him (1834) to
CUPID, Domenichino, Hermitage, St. National Gallery, together with the Ecce
Petersburg ; Standing on a pedes- Homo of Correggio, for 11,500. Damaged
canvas.
tal, inscribed "Amor," leaning on a bow, by repainting. Several copies, one at Sans
and holding in right hand an arrow with Souci, another in Paris. Engraved by Le
point directed toward his heart. Old copy, Villain Arnold de Gode. Meyer, Correggio,
;

attributed to Elizabetta Sirani, Vienna Mu- 340,492 Ktinst.Lex.,i.438; Landon,viii.Pl. ;

seum. Engraved by Joubert (Collection 58 Waagen, Treasures, i. 327

; Kugler ;

Coesvelt, 23). (Eastlake), ii. 505 Bichter, 63. ;

CUPID ASLEEP, Michelangelo da Cara- See also Venus equipping Cupid.

vagyio, Palazzo Pitti, Florence canvas, H.; CUPID AND PSYCHE, Wilhelm von
2 ft. 3 in. x 3 ft. 3 in. Sleeps, with head on Kaulbach, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York ;

quiver holds bow and arrow in hand

; canvas. Psyche, nude, reclining on a bank
;

landscape background. Engraved by Ma- of flowers and ferns, lifts one foot and
rucci ; T. Verkruys. Gal. du Pal. Pitti. stretches the drapery across her lap as she
CUPID, EDUCATION OF, Correggio, awakes under the kiss of Cupid. band A
of musical genii hover in the air, left ;
back-
ground, right, a woody glade. Photo-
gravure in Art
Treasures of America, i. 40.
See also Psyche.
CUPIDS DISARMED, Francesco Albani,
Louvre canvas, H. 6 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft. 10 in.
;

The nymphs of Diana surprise and disarm

Cupids asleep in a forest ; in background, to
left, Callisto and a companion above, Diana ;

in clouds. Collection of Louis XTV. En-

graved by Baudet ;
B. Audran. Landon,
Musee, 2d Col., iii. PI. 63.

CURIA, FRANCESCO, Cavaliere, born

in Naples about 1538, died there about
1610. Neapolitan school ; pupil of Gio.
Fillippo Criscuolo Leonardo da Pis- and of

toja afterwards studied works of Raphael

;

in Rome. Acquired a great reputation in

Naples for his noble style of composition and
natural colouring. Executed works for many
Education of Cupid, Correggio, National Gallery, London. churches in Naples, where most of his pict-
National Gallery, London canvas, H. 5 ft. ures are.
; See also Death of St. Francis,
1 in. x 3 ft.
Mercury, seated in a landscape, sustained by an angel, Turin Gallery.
teaches Cupid to read ;
a winged nude Lauzi, ii. 23; Ch. Blanc, ftcole napolitaine.

358
 CURRADO
CUERADO, FRANCESCO, born new- Coast of Sorrento, The River Clain at Poi-
Florence in 1570, died in Florence in 1661. tiers (1869) Birth of Homer, The Ocean ;

Florentine school history painter, pupil of (1870); Harbour of Toulon, Moulieres River
;

B. Naldini ;
after working for churches in near Toulon (1872); A River (1873); First
Florence, went to Rome, where he painted Portrait ; Serenade in the Abruzzi (1874) ;
several pictures for the King of Portugal, Triptych, or 3 Scenes from the Life of Ruth
who sent him the Order of Christ. Settled (1875) ; Ruins of Temple of Jupiter near
in Florence, where he brought up many Athens, View from Summit of the Acropolis
pupils. Works St. Francis Xavier preaching (1876) ; Graziella, Ruins of Aqueducts on
:

in India, S. Giovaunino, Florence Narcis- the Roman Campagna (1877) ; Near Public
;

sus, St. Catherine, Palazzo Pitti, ib. at Amalfi, Ruins of the Acropolis of
; Magda- Well
len, Martyrdom of St. Thecla, his own
por- Athens in 1852 (1878) ; Stairs of Atrani at
trait, Uffizi, ib. ; Abraham receiving the An- Ravello, Lake Avezzano (1879) ; Girl and

gels, Vienna Museum. His brothers Pietro her Guardian Angel, Garden near Nimes
and Cosimo were his pupils and followers. (1880); Erechtheum at Athens (1881); View
CURTI, GIROLAMO. See Denlone. of the Sea and Capri, Coast of Provence
CURZON, PAUL ALFRED DE, born at near Toulon (1882); Acropolis and Cam-
7, 1820. Land- pagua of Athens, Foot of Mount Taygetus
Moulinat, near Poitiers, Sept.
scape and genre painter, pupil of Drolling (1883); Banks of the Teverone Roman
and Cabat. Won second prize for historical Campagna, Environs and Bay of Athens
landscape at the ficole des Beaux Arts in (1884); View in Black Forest (1885). La-
|

1849. Is highly esteemed, especially for hisGaz. des B. Arts (1869), 510.
rousse ;

genre pictures. Has also tried water-colour ST., Ernest Ditez, Luxem-
CUTHBERT,
and lithography. Medals 2d class, 1857, bourg Museum canvas, triptych, H. 10 ft
: ;

1859, 1861, and 1863 3d class, 1867 2d 8 in. x 23 ft Cuthbert, a shepherd in the
; ;

class, 1878 L
of Honour, 1865.
; Works Valley of the Tweed, was educated in a mon-
:

Hops (1845); The River Clain, Auvergne, astery, and became a noted preacher. He
The Loire (1846); Water Spirits, Beranger's lived on Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, off the
\

Fates (1848); Beside the Water (1849) ;| coast of Northumberland, where he sup-
Deinocritus Meditating, Ruins of Psestum, ported himself by his own labour and was
View of Terracina, Acropolis of Athens miraculously fed. Finally became Bishop
(1852); The Cephisus (1855); Dante and of Lindisfarne and built there a monastery,
Virgil on Shores of Purgatory, Blind Greeks, destroyed by
the Danes in 900. The mid-
j

Women of Piscinisco, An Albanian Woman dle part of the picture represents him in his
(1857) Psyche (1859), Luxembourg Muse- bishop's robes. Salon, 1879.
;

um Tasso at Sorrento, Near Foligno, Near

;
CUYLENBORCH (Cuylenburg, Kuylen-
Civita-Castellana (1859) Neapolitan Flower- burg), ABRAHAM VAN, died after 1664.
;

Girls, In the Woods, Pilgrims halting at Dutch school landscape painter in the man- ;

Subiaco, Family of Fishermen in Capri, ner of Poelenburg master of Utrecht guild ;

The Ulissus and Ruins of Temple of Jupiter in 1639. Works Grotto with Diana and :

at Athens (1861) ; Ave Maria, Galinaro's her Nymphs, Hague Museum Landscapes ;

Granddaughter, Vesuvius (1863); Vintage with similar Subject (1646, 1647), Bruns-
at Procida, Ruins of Roman Bridge near the wick Gallery do. (1(560), Cologne Museum
; ;

Walls of Nami (1864); Consoling Angel, three (1643, attributed to Breenbergh),

Torrent in the Apennines (1865); Dream in Mannheim Gallery; two (1640, 1647),
the Ruins of Pompeii (1866); Dominicans Schleissheim Gallery; two (1644, 1646),
decorating their Chapel (1867), Ostia (1868), Schwerin Gallery one (1664), Copenhagen ;

Luxembourg Museum The Prophetess, Gallery two, Borghese Gallery, Rome ;

; ;

859
 CUYP
others in Aschaffenburg, Prague, Innsbruck, Portrait, National Gallery ; 4 Landscapes,
and Pesth Galleries, Fitzwilliam Museum, Bridge water Gallery ; 5 do., Grosvenor Gal-
Cambridge. Archief v. Nederl. K, ii. 75 ; lery ; 5 do., Duke of Bedford 9 do., Buck- ;

ingham Palace, London ;

18 do., Dulwich
Gallery, Dulwich ;
Landscape, Starting for
a Ride, The Ride, Marine View, Male por-
traits, Group of Children, Louvre Shep- ;

herds with Flocks, Cavalry Fight, Cock

Fight, View of Dordrecht, do. near Dor-
drecht, Rustic Amusement, Cattle, Moun-
Bode, Studien, 327 ; Eiegel, Beitriige, iL tainous Landscape, male portrait, National
192. Museum, Amsterdam Two Children with ;

CUYP (Kuyp), AELBEET, born at Dor- a Lamb, Cologne Museum Landscapes with ;

drecht in Oct. Cattle (5), Berlin Museum Horseman hold- ;

1620, died ing Horse, Cock and Hen, Old Pinakothek,

there, buried Munich Hunting Scene, portrait, Dresden
;

Nov 6 -
>
169L Gallery Cows (2), Vienna Museum Land-
; ;

Dutch school ; scape, portraits

landscape, ani- of himself and

mal, and ma- family, Buda-

rine painter Pesth Gallery;
;

son and pupil Moonlight at //

of Jacob Ger- Sea, t .. . .. f/
ritsz C uyp . Sea AC^V-P AC'yi>
Lived many years at Dordwijk, near Dor- with J\ S\
drecht, where, as vassal of the countship of Boats,
Holland, he had the right to sit in the Su- Cows and Water(4), Horses and Cows (3),

preme Court of His name was pre- Hermitage, St. Petersburg.

Justice. Allgem. d.
sented to the Stadtholder William IH., in Biogr., iv. 666 Kugler (Crowe), ii. 459 ; ;

1672, as a nominee for membership in the Dohme, lii.; Ch. Blanc, ficole hollandaise.
regency of Dordrecht. In his early years CUYP, JACOB GERRITSZ (Jan Gerrit-
he painted still life, birds, stables, some- sen), born in Dordrecht in 1575, died after
times portraits, signed A. C. later, figures, 1649. Dutch school portrait and animal
; ;

cattle, views of meadows, and winter scenes, painter, pupil of Abraham Bloemart.
signed with his whole name. Out of the 336 Founded, in 1642, with Izak van Hasselt,
pictures by this celebrated painter, at least Comelis Tegelberg, and Jacques Grief, a
200 are in England, where he is deservedly guild of St. Luke in Dordrecht. He be-
held in very high esteem for his peculiar longs to that prominent group of masters
qualities. In the treatment of atmospheric like Ravesteyn, Hals, Bramer, who as true
effects, whether of morning, noontide, or interpreters of nature led Dutch art to the
sunset, Cuyp has no rival save Claude, whom high development culminating in the genius
he even surpasses in his power of diffusing of Rembrandt. Works Family Picture, :

a glow of light throughout the limits of a Amsterdam Museum; Three Children (1635),
canvas. This remark applies only to the An Officer (1644), Female Portrait (1644),
landscapes of his later time, for in those of Rotterdam Museum Male and Female Por- ;

an earlier period a hardness of outline, heavi- trait (1649), Metz Museum Landscape with ;

ness of tone, and deficiency of aerial perspec- Cattle, Old Pinakothek, Munich Portrait ;

tive are perceptible. Works 7 Landscapes, of an Old Woman (1624), Berlin Museum
: ;

sou
 CYCLOPS
Portrait, Gallery, Frankfort
Stiidel His thing. One day, in passing through a wood,
nephew, Benjamin Cuyp (1608-about 1690), he discovered o most beautiful damsel
painted asleep, with two maids and a man-servant
historical also sleeping at her feet. At this
sight love
subjects pierced his heart, and led to such a change
and genre. in his character that in four years he became

Kugler the most accomplished gentleman in Cyprus,

(Crowe), and, after various adventures, wooed and
ii. 354; won Iphigenia
for his wife. Royal Acade-
Doh m e, my, 1884
Art Journal (1884), 129.
lii.; Vossmaer, 405. By Sir Joshua lli-ynoltl*, Buckingliam Pal-
CYCLOPS, MODERN, Adolf Mmzel, No- ace, London canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in. x 5 ft.
;

tional Gallery, Berlin canvas, H. 5 ft. x 8 7 in. Iphigenia, nearly nude, lies asleep on
;

ft. 3 in.; dated 1875. Scene in a drapery in the wood; in background, Cyrnon,
signed,
rolling-mill at Laurahiltte, Silesia. Five led by Cupid, leans upon a staff gazing upon
workmen are busy around a loop placed on her in wonder-stricken admiration. Painted
the first roller in middle-
;

ground, machinery and

cranes, with many work-
men ;
in background, left,
a blast furnace and more
workmen ; in foreground,
right, three workmen eat-
ing their meal, brought by
a young girl.
CYDIAS, Greek painter
of Cythnus, about 364 B.C.
His picture of the Argo-
nauts was bought for 144,-
000 sesterces by the orator
Hortensius, who had a
building erected for it on
his estate at Tusculum.
(Pliny, xxxv. 40 [130].)
This painting is supposed
to have been removed by
Cymon and Iphigenia, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Buckingham Palace, London,
Agrippa to the Portico of
Neptune. (Di. Cass. L. iii. 27.) Cydias is in 1789. Presented to George IV. by the
mentioned by Theophrnstus (De Lap. 95) as painter's niece, the Marchioness of Tho-
the discoverer of minium (red lead, or ver- mond. Engraved by S. W. Reynolds.
milion). Waagen, Treasures, ii. 24.
CYMON AND IPHIGENIA, Sir Frederic Subject treated also by Cornelis Conie-
Leiyhton, Fine Arts Society, London. Scene liszen, Hermitage, St. Petersburg Rubens, ;

from Boccaccio's Decameron, Novel L, Fifth Vienna Museum.

Day. Cymon, son of Aristippus, a gentleman CZACHORSKI, VLADISLAV VON,
of wealth and rank in Cyprus, though excel- born at Lublin, Poland, Sept. 22, 1850.

ling in stature and comeliness, was almost Genre painter studied first in Lublin and
;

a natural fool, and could not b taught any- Warsaw, then at Dresden Academy under
!

361
 CZERMAK
Anschiitz and Wagner, and finally in Munich (1876) ; Herzegovinians returning to their
under Karl von Piloty settled in Warsaw. Village sacked by Bashi-Bazouks (1877);
;

Works: The Beading (1872); Entrance into Dalmatian Chieftain mortally wounded Epi- ;

Convent (1873) Hamlet and the Actors sode in Massacre in Syria, T. A. Havemeyer,
;

(1879). Mailer, 121 ;

Illustr. Zeitg. (1874),

311.
i.
Jar os lav Cernxal^
CZERMAK (Cerinak), JAROSLAV, born
in Prague, Sept. 1, 1831, died in Paris, April New York. Art Treas. of Amer., i. 135 ; N.
and illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 702 ; Wurzbach, ii.
23, 1878. History genre painter pupil ;

of Prague Academy under Ruben, of Ant- 321; xi. 386.

werp Academy under Wappers, where he won
the first then in Brussels the only
prize,
pupil of Gallait. Having formerly visited JOHN, born in Smyrna,
Munich and DUsseldorf, he travelled in 1850 Turkey in Asia, in 1837. Portrait
through Holland, studied for some time in painter, pupil in Paris of
DABOUR,
cole des

Normandy, then settled in Paris, where he Beaux Arts and of Jeanron. Studio in
completed his studies under Robert-Fleury, Baltimore, where he has resided many years.
and won fame and wealth, passing his sum- Among his portraits are those of Senators
mers in the village of Roscoff, Brittany. Vis- Cameron and Davis, Gov. Groome of Mary-
ited Moravia, Hungary, and the southern land, and Bishops Spauldiug and Purcell.
Slavic countries inl858,Dalmatiaand Monte- He exhibited in the National Academy, New

negro again in 1862 and 18C3. Medals Paris, York, in 1879, A Nymph.
:

2d class, 18G1 mudaille unique, 1868 L. of

; DADDI, BERNARDO, died in 1380.
;

Honour, 1876 great gold medal, Brussels, Florentine school follower of Giotto. Va-
; ;

1855 Rouen,
;
18(55 Order of Leopold, 18G8. sari calls him a pupil of Spinello, but this is
;

Works Dalibor in Prison, Sentence of Con- inconsistent with the only dates of his life.
:

radin of Suabia and Frederic of Baden (1844) He was admitted into the Apothecaries'
;

Marius on the Ruins of Carthage (1847); Guild in 1320, and was a member of the
Slovak Emigrants (1849), King of the Bel- Company of St. Luke in 1349. If, as Mila-

gians Huss and Procop the Bald entering

;
nesi suggests, Daddi painted (1346-47) the
Council of Basle Defence of a Pass by Ta-
;
Madonna of Orcagna's tabernacle at Or San
borites; Ziskaand Procop reading the Bible; Michele, he has been greatly underrated.
Poet Lomnicky as Beggar on the Bridge of The only extant frescos by him are in the
Prague (1852), Czernin Gallery, Vienna ; chapel of S. Stefano de Pulci in S. Croce,
Frederic the Winterking receiving News
They show the weakness of an
of Florence.
lost Battle at White Mountain (1852); Nor- artist of a low order, but with some knowl-
man Fishermen reading the Gospel Episode edge of the laws of composition as known
;

in Counter Reformation in Bohemia (great to most of the inferior Giottesques. A small

gold medal, Brussels); Workmen on High- Madonna by him, signed Bernardus de Flo-
road to the Coast (1854); Old Jewish Cem- reutia, is in the Florence Academy. C. & C.,
etery at Prague, Scene in Thirty Years' War, Italy, ii. 6 ; Labke, Gesch. itaL Mai., L 154 ;

Girls by a Church (1858); Abduction of Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 463, 673, N. 2 ; W. & W.,
Herzegovinian Women by Bashi-Bazouks i. 454.
(1868) ; Episode in Montenegriue War of DAEGE, EDUARD, born in Berlin, April
1862, Hunting and Fishing at Roscoff (1873) 6, 1883.
; 10, 1805,
History died there, June
Herzegovinian Girl leading Horses to Water- painter, pupil of the Berlin Academy under
trough, Meeting in the Mountains Monte- Niedlich, then of Wach visited Italy in ;

negi-o (1874) ; Episode in Siege of Naumburg 1832-33, painted afterwards many altar-
 DAEL
pieces for churches, and assisted in 1845-52 dren,in possession of Imperial family ; Prince
in the frescos in the royal chapel, Berlin. Metternich and Family; Famous Contempo-
Member of Academy in 1838, professor in raries, in possession of Metternich family;
1840, vice-director in 1861-75. Member Fauna Austriaca, Vienna Academy. Allgein.
also of Vienna Academy. Works : St Paul d. Biogr., iv. 689 ; Andreseu, iv. 91; Brock-
(1825); Invention of Painting (1832), Sacris- haus, iv. 769 ; Wurzbach, iii. 127.
tan with Host (1837), National Gallery, DAGNAN, ISIDORE, bom in Marseilles
Berlin ;
The Parcse, Woman and Child, Rac- in 1794, died in Paris, Nov. 8, 1873. Land-
zynski Gallery, ib. ;
Initiation of Nun Shel- scape painter; painted chiefly views of South-
;

ter at the Altar, Charitable Monk (1836); ern France, Italy, and Switzerland. Medals:
Holy Water, Roman Woman and Child. 2d class, 1822 1st class, 1831; L. of Honour, ;

1836. Works : Roman Girls listening to a

Shepherd (1819); Lake of Geneva (1822),
Grand Trianon Lausanne (1822), Fontaine- ;

bleau View in Dauphino (1827), ib.; View

;

Brockhaus, iv. 769 ; Mttller, 122 ; Rosenberg, of Paris (1831); Sea View at Marseilles (1833),
Berl. Malersch., 28.
formerly in Luxembourg View of Diuan
DAEL, JAN FRANS VAN, born in Ant-
;

(1836) Valley of Lauterbrunueu (1841)

; ;

werp, May 27, 1764, died in Paris, March

Flemish school ; flower and Bridge of Nice (1843); View of Avignon
20, 1840. fruit
" Ministry of Interior Lake of Geneva,
(1845), ;

inter, pupil of the Antwerp c Academy; Banks of Aar, A,, Oak at Pharamoudi/ioc-rV
.
painter, 5* .
;
Old rt (1857);
,

int. in 1786, to Paris and received manv

went, i
'. .

Forest and River, Ravine at Montreux, Road

orders from the Empresses Josephine and
to Battigny (1859); Beech Woods on Banks
Marie Louise, the Emperor Napoleon, and
of Stream, Road from Paris to Fontaine-
Louis XVIII. and Charles X. Two gold
bleau (1864) Forest, Petrarch's House
;

medals, and in 1825 Legion of Honour.

(1865); Road from Pierrefouds to Battigny,
Works La Croisle Three Flower Pieces
:

Baden-Baden (1866); Queen Blanche's Oak

;

(1816, 1819, 1823), Louvre Bouquet of Roses

at Fontaiuebleau, New Road in the Solle
;

(1811),Rothau Gallery, Paris Tuberoses, _. ,. ;

Basket of Flowers, T TIT T>I Valley (1869); Cross-Road from Battigny to

Lyons Museum Flora s _.
, '

V> T tr
. ... _,
... .
m,

Offermg (1807), Spring Flowers (1808), two cluse , u

, ;

Pierrefonds, Banks of the Sorgue at Vau-

,
'
i

Larousse. (1870).
^P ^^* 1 DAGNAN-BOUVERET, PASCAL
ADOLPHE JEAN, born in Paris. Contem-
porary. Genre painter, pupil of J.L. Gc-
3d class, 1878 1st class, rome. Medals :
;

others, Leuchteuberg Gallery. Biog. nat 1880. Works Infant Bacchus, Orpheus and :

de Belgique, iv. 628 Michiel, x. 574. Bacchantes (1877) Burial of Manoii Les-
; ;

DAFFINGER, MORIZ MICHAEL, born caut (1878 L. P. Morton sale, New York, ;

in Vienna, Jan. 25, 1790, died there, Aug. at a Photographer's 1881); Wedding Party
22, 1849. Portrait painter; first apprenticed Accident (1880), W. T. Walters, (1879); An
in the imperial porcelain factory, he entered Baltimore Blessing a Couple before Mar- ;

'

the Vienna Academy under Fflger, and then riage (1882); Lover's Quarrel, F. B. Warren,
gave himself up to the painting of miniature Philadelphia Hamlet and the Grave Dig- ;

portraits, chiefly on ivory, which he carried gers (1884); Horses at Watering-Trough,

I

to great perfection under the influence of Madonna (1885).

Lawrence, who was in Vienna during the i

DAHL, HANS, born at Hardanger, Nor-

Congress of 1815. Works Portraits of Due way, Feb. 19, 1849. Landscape and genre
:

de Reichstadt, Archduchess Sophie and Chil- painter, pupil of the Carlsruhe art-school,

sea
 DAIIL
under Kiefsthahl and Hans Gude, then in Lake (1871); Deer Started, Girls with Doves
Diisseldorf under Wilhelm Solm and E. von and Sparrows, Swallow Nest with Young.
Gebhardt travelled in Norway, and visited
; Brockhaus, iv. 773 ; Miiller, 122.
Berlin, Paris, and London. Works In the :
DAHL, MICHAEL, born in Stockholm
Norwegian Mountains Too Late On the ;
! in 1656, died in London, Oct. 20, 1743.
Waves Young Ladies' Boarding School on
;
First taught by Klocke. Went to England
the Ice (1883); Lake in Norway, Maid-Ser- when twenty-two years old then visited ;

vant (1884); Norwegian Fishermen, G. France and spent several years in Italy, re-
Hoadly, Cincinnati. Mailer, 122 Dlustr. turning to London in 1688.
;
He became the
Zeitg. (1884), i. 173. rival of Kneller as a portrait painter, and

DAHL, JOHANN CHEISTIAN (CLAU- gained the favour of Queen Anne. His like-
SEN), born Feb.
at Bergen,
Norway, 24, nesses were good, but his art was destitute
1788, died in Dresden, Oct. 14, 1857. Land- of refinement or grace. There are eight full-
scape painter first apprenticed to a decora- length portraits of ladies by him at Petworth.
;

tive painter, then studied, from 1811, at the Works Queen Anne and her son the Duke :

Copenhagen Academy. Dresden Went to of Gloucester, George H., James second

in 1818, met with great success, and settled Duke of Ormond, and Duke of Chandos,
there in 1821, after visiting the Tyrol and National Portrait Gallery. Redgrave.
Italy. Member of the Dresden, Berlin, and DAHLEN, REINER, born in Cologne in
Copenhagen academies Orders of the Dan- ; 1836, died in Diisseldorf, April 25, 1874.
ebrog, Wasa, and St. Olaf. Works Eruption :
Landscape and animal painter, pupil of the
of Vesuvius (1820); View of Bergen, Storm Dtlsseldorf Academy, but mostly self-taught;
at Sea (1823), Berlin National Gallery; visitedEngland, North America, and Paris.
Mountainous Landscape (1824), Prague Painted chiefly horses and carriages, hunt-
Gallery Danish Coast by Moonlight (1828);
; ing scenes, and similar pictures. Works :

Mountain Pass near Nerodalen (1832); Sea By the Inn (1867) Shepherds ;
and Herd
Coast with Ship (1833); The Watzmann, (1868); Post- Wagon in Snow. Blanckarts,
View near Quisisana Storm at Sea, Great 70 Kunst-Chronik, ix. 498.
; ;

Norwegian Landscape (1850), Dresden Gal- DAHUNG, HEINRICH, born at Han-

lery Winter Landscape, New Pinakothek, over, Jan. 19, 1773, died at Potsdam, Sept
;

Munich. Allgem. d. Biogr., iv. G92 Andre- 10, 1850. History and genre painter went
; ;

sen, i. 70 Brockhaus, iv. 772.

; in 1794 to Berlin as a miniature painter ;

DAHL, JOHANNES SIEGWALD, born visited, in 1802, Paris, Cassel, Dtisseldorf,

in Dresden, Aug. 1C, 1827. Animal painter ; The Hague, and Amsterdam, to study oil
firstinstructed by his father, Johann Chris- painting ; made member of the Berlin Acad-
tian, then pupil of Wegener, and in 1843- emy in 1811, and professor in 1814 visited ;

45 at the Dresden Academy. Went in 1851 Italy late in life. Works Entry of a Prince :

toLondon, where he was especially attracted (1822), National Gallery, Berlin Huntsman ;

by Landseer, and thence to Paris, which he and Sleeping Girl, Wreath- Winders, Singing
afterwards visited repeatedly. Subjects are Match, Romance Singer, Blind Pilgrim, De-
generally chosen from his father's native scent from the Cross, Come to me, ye that
country, Norway. Works Dogs with are heavy laden
:
Brockhaus, iv. 774 Ro- !
;

Parrot and Rabbit, Castle Oscarshall near senberg, Berl. Malersch., 31.
Christiania Missed his Aim (1861), Nor-
;
DAIWAILLE, ALEXANDER JOSEPH,
wegian Ferry (1863), Dresden Gallery Or- born at Amsterdam in 1818. Landscape
;

gan Grinder with Dog (1862); Fox and Wild painter, son and pupil of the genre and
Ducks (1865); Sleighing on the Fjord (1865): portrait painter Jean Augustin D. (1786-
Pug-Dog (1866), Monkey Party, Heron at a 1850), then pupil of his brother-in-law,
I

3G4
 DALBOXO
Bareiul C. Koekkoek. The animals in bis Meytens from 1771 inspector of the Liech- ;

landscapes were supplied by Eugene Ver- tenstein Gallery. Many of his large altar-
boeckboven. Works Summer aud Winter pieces and meritorious animal and battle
:

(1841); Landscape on the Rhine View in pieces we in Poland and Russia. All gem.
;

the Ardennes. Immerzeel, i. 164. d. Biogr., iv. 711 Brockhaus, iv. 785 ; ;

DALBONO, EDOARDO, contemporary; Wurzboch, iii. 132, xxiv. 383.

lives in Naples. Genre painter ; represents DALLINGER VON DALLING, JO-
Neapolitan Works Neapolitan Water-
life. : HANN
the younger, bora in Vi- BAPTIST,
Carrier Unrequited, Punished, aud Happy
; enna, May 7, 1782, died there, Dec. 19, 1868.
,

Love, Cupid as Tyrant (Casa Miceli, Naples); Son and pupil of Johaun the elder ; painted
;

Legend of the Sirens, Wilier Gallery, Na- landscapes and animals, especially horses,
ples Beautiful Morning, It is going to Rain, in style of Dutch masters, as well as genre
;

Orange- Walk, Adeline in the Park. L'lllus- pieces and portraits. Works : Horses graz-
trazione italinua, 1875-76. ing (1830), Horses in Stable (1832), Vienna
DALCOLLE,RAFFAELLO. SeeRa/aello. Museum others in Liechtenstein Gallery.
;

DALENS, DIRK, The Hague, born at

of Bibliog. above.
Dordrecht, flourished about 1623-65. Dutch DALMASIO, LJPPO DL See Scanna-
school. Landscape painter in the manner becchi.
of Jan van Goyen master of the guild
;
at DALSGAARD, CHRISTEN, born at
The Hague in 1632, went to Leyden in Krabbesholrn, Jutland, Oct. 30, 1824. Genre
1636, but returned in 1637, and seems to painter, pupil of the Copenhagen Academy,
have removed to Rotterdam about 1660-61. and Rorbye paints scenes from Danish ;

Works: Landscape with Shepherds (1635), peasant life. Member of Copenhagen Acad-
Brunswick Museum Landscapes (2, 1646), emy since 1872. Works Christmas Mom-
;
:

Haarlem Museum. Kramm, ii. 317 ;

Rie- ing (1848), Aarhus Gallery ;
Girl at Win-
gel, Beitriige, ii. 368. dow, Boy Luncheon, Country Parson at ;

DALIPHARD, EDOUARD, born at Rou- Jutland Peasants going to Communion

en, Sept. 24, 1833, died there in 1877. (1859); Seizure for Debt (1860); Meeting of
Genre and landscape painter, pupil of G. Gudrun and Helge Harbensou (1861); Vis-
Morin. Works: Spring in the Churchyard; itation (1862); The Good Shepherd (1864);
Souvenir of the Forest of Eu (1873) Mel- Meeting with. Olaf Pua Steeu Blicher con-
; ;

ancholy (1875) Village Doorway, one of versing on the Heath (1867) Isn't he com-
; ;

best pictures in Salon of 1876. J. Hcdou, ing Pious Assembly (1870); Corridor of!

Peintres rouennais (Rouen, 1883) L'Art Academy at Soro (1872); Dessert (1875);
;

the Wise Virgins (1877); Ansgar and

One of
(1877), x. 216.
DALLINGER VON DALLING, ALEX- Odbert baptizing Mother and Child (1878);
ANDER JOHANN, bom in Vienna, Aug. 1, Fisherman and Daughter (1854), Mormons
1783, died there in 1844. German school visiting Country Joiner, Going to Church
;

Gal-
history ami animal painter, son and pupil after Confinement (1861), Copenhagen
of Johaun the elder was a skilful
;
restorer lery. Sigurd Muller, 71 Weilbach, 129. ;

of old pictures, and an engraver. Works DAME AU GANT (Lady with the Glove),
:

Cows driven through a Brook (1831), Vien- CaroZus-Duran, Luxembourg Museum can- ;

na Museum. Bibliog. below. vas, H. 7 ft. 6 in. x 5 ft 4 in. Portrait of a

DALLINGER VON DALLING, JO- lady, three-fourths length, putting on her
HANN, the elder, born in Vienna, Aug. 13, Glove.
1741, died there, Jan. 6, 1806. German DAMERON, CHARLES KMILE, born in
school history and animal painter, pupil of Paris contemporary.
; Landscape pointer, ;

Vienna Academy under Vinceuz Vischer and pupil of Pelouse. Medals 3d class, 1878 : ;
 DAMIANI
2d class, Works (1876, 1877) Pastures, The Downs at Cucq
1882; Philadelphia, 1870. :
;

Women washing (1874) The Pyramids, (1878) Mill of Merlimont (1879), Luxem-
; |
;

Oaks of Grand Moulin, Street at Fouche- bourg Museum; Fields at Auvers (1879); ]

rolles (1875) In the Bay of Poult-Gouiu, Crossway in Forest of Fontainebleau, In-

;

Farm of Brohonniere (1876) Souvenir of undated Prairies (1880) Mill of Gouillan-

; ;

Cernay-la-Ville, Winter (1877) The Aven deur, In the Landes of Carnac (1881) Isle
; ;

in Finisterre (1878) ;
The Beadle's Path of St. Denis (1882); After the Inundation
(1879) ;
Farm Kerlaven in the Evening, (1883); Lake in Sologne, Plain of Genuevil-
at
A Quarry (1880) Woodman's Cabin in the liers (1884) Road of the Dunes Norman-
; ;

Autumn (1881), Luxembourg Museum ; dy, Swamp of Arleux (1885).

Fagots (1882) Valley of the Mautega
; DANA, WILLIAM P. W., born in Boston,
(1883); Lake of Vaux-de-Cernay (1884); Mass., in 1833. Marine and figure painter ;

Approaching Storm (1885). visited Paris in 1852 and became a pupil of

DAMIANI, FELICE, born at Gubbio Picot, Le Poitevin, and of the Ecole des
:

flourished 1584-1616. Lombardo-Venetian Beaux Arts. Returned to America in 1862,

school history painter,
; pupil Ben. elected N.A. in 1863. of
Medal, Paris, 3d'
Nucci (?). Works Circumcision, S. Do- class, 1878. Studio in Paris (1885). Works:
:

menico, Gubbio Decollation of St. Paul Cliffs at Sunset; Waiting for the Fishing-
;

(1584), Castel Nuovo, Eecanati Baptism of Boats ; Marine (J. P. Morgan, New York),
;
j

St. Augustine (1594), S. Agostiiio, Gubbio. Chase of the Frigate Constitution (William :

He decorated, about 1596, two chapels in La Astor, ib. ) Low Tide at Yport Foggy ; ;

Madonna cle' Lumi, San Severino, with illus- Morning Coast of Normandy; French
trations of life of the Virgin and Infancy of Peasant Girl; Heart's-Ease; English Grey-
Christ. hound; Moonlight at Sea; On the Beach at
DAMINI, PIETEO, born at Castelfranco Dinard Brittany (1879); Breakers, Channel
in 1592, died in Venice in 1(531. Venetian Islands (1881); Bleak Day, Coast of Brit-
school; history painter, pupil of Gio. Bat. tany (1882) ; Sea- Weed Gatherers, Brittany
Novelli had won great reputation when he (1883); Near St. Malo, Brittany (Mrs. Isaac
;

died of the plague. Executed many works Bell), Seaside Harvest, Halt and the Blind,
at Castelfrauco, Vinceuza, Venice, Crerua, French Boats off for the Fishing-Grounds,
and Padua. Works Christ giving Keys to End of a Storm (1884); Rough Weather, A
:

St. Peter, S. Clemente, Padua Crucifixion, Calm Night (1885). ;

II Santo, Padua Life of St. Philip, cloister

; DANAE, Correggio, Palazzo Borghese,
of the Serviti, Vicenza. His brother Giorgio, Rome canvas. Danae, nude, leaning against ;

a good portrait painter, died also of plague, the cushions of a couch on the lower end ;

in Venice, in 1631. Baldiuucci, iv. 689. sits Hymen, with outstretched wings, lifting
DAMOPHILUS, painter and modeller in her drapery to catch the golden rain-drops ;

clay. One Greek painters in front, two Cupids sharpening their arrows
of the earliest
heard of in Italy. Decorated, with his com- on a whetstone. Same history as the Leda
panion GorgaauK, Temple of Ceres, Libei-, of Correggio. Fetched 650 guineas at Or-
and Libera at Kome (dedicated 494 u. c.). leans sale in 1816 bought by Henry Hope ;

Pliny, xxxv. 45 [154]. for 183 ;

afterwards sold in Paris for 285.
DAMOYE, PIEERE EMMANUEL, born One of the most beautiful of Correggio's
in Paris contemporary. Landscape paint- mythological pictures. Engraved by Du-
;

er, pupil of Corot, Daubiguy, and Bonnat. change; Desrochers; Triere; Cunigo; Sur-
Medals : 3d class, 1879 ;
2d class, 1884.Meyer, Correggio, 352, 490; Kiinst.
rugue.
Works: The Old Road at Auvers, The
441; Lermolieff, 195 Landon, CEu-
Lex., i. ;

Fields (1875); Prairies of Mortefontaine vres, viii. PI. 57 Mengs, Opere, ii. 148. ;
 DANAE
Rembrandt, Hermitage, St Peters-
By By Titian, Naples Museum canvas, fig- ;

burg. Danae, nude, reclining on a couch ure life-size. Danac, nude, lies on a couch,
with green silk hangings ;

behind, partly concealed by

curtains, an old woman with
a bunch of keys ;
in front,
a table with red cover, and
a rich girdle lying on the
floor. Smith.
By Titian, Madrid Muse-
um ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 2 in.
x 5 10 in.
Dauae, nude,
ft.

in same position as the

Danac of Naples, but the
shape is less refined ; a lit-

tle dog lies curled up at

her and, instead of
side,
the Cupid, an old woman
at the foot of the couch
greedily watches the gold
as it falls into her apron.
Painted in 1554 for Philip Dan, comggio, Pai. Borgh, Rom.
n. of Spain. Injured by cleaning and re- the upper part of her form raised on white
pairs. Repetitions, with changes, in Her- cushions above, a livid cloud, from which
;

niitage, St. Petersburg, and in Vienna Mu- the golden rain is falling Cupid, with out-
;

seum. Copy of Hermitage Danae, Duke of stretched wings and a gesture of surprise,
glides rfiway to the right.
A marvel in light and
shade, modelling, and
flesh painting. Painted
in 1545 for Ottavio Far-
nese; in Farnese Collec-
tion till after 1G80. Un-
evenly cleaned and re-
touched in places. Many
copies. Extant reproduc-
tions: Nostitz Collection,

Prague ; Dudley House,

London Venice Acad-
;

emy Lord
;
Northwick's.
Engraved by Strange.
C. & C., Titian, ii. 119;
Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 231 ;

Vasari, cd. Mil., viL 447;

Klas. der Malerei, i. PI. 60.

Anton van Dyl;

By
Wellington, London copy of Vienna, Lady Dresden Gallery canvas, H. 4 ft. 3 in. x 5
; ;

Malmesbury. C. & C., Titian, ii. 227. ft 10 in. Danac, nude, lying upon a couch

367
 DANBY
covered with crimson drapery, extends her ied the Venetian and Lombard masters. On
hands to catch the golden shower behind, his return to Florence painted in oil and
;

an old woman with her apron extended at fresco for Grand Duke Cosmo HI., and exe-
;

feet of Danaii, Cupid, kneeling. Cat. Dres- cuted works in S. M. Maddalena and S. M.
den Mus. Maggiore. His son Ottaviano (died about
DANBY, FRANCIS, County 1750) painted in his style. Works in S.
born in

Wexford, Ireland, Nov. 16, 1793, died Spirito and S. Lorenzo, and in Church of
at Exmouth, Devonshire, Feb. 10, 18G1. Magdalen, Pescia. Wornum, Epochs, 357 ;

Landscape painter, pupil in Dublin of Lanzi.

O'Connor taught water-colour drawing in
; DANDINI, VINCENZO, born in Flor-
Bristol in 1813 went in 1825 to London, ence in 1607, died there in 1675. Floren-
;

where the exhibition of his Delivery of Israel tine school history painter, brother and ;

out of Egypt (Stafford House) procured him pupil of Cesare D. afterward studied in ;

an election as A.R.A. From 1830 to 1842 Rome under Pietro da Cortona, whose style
he lived on the continent, principally in he followed. Became principal of the Acad-
Switzerland. He is chiefly noted for his emy in Rome, returned to Florence, and
calm evening scenes at sea, combined with executed public works in churches and pal-
some poetic sentiment or incident. Works : aces. His brother Cesare (1595-1658) was
Upas Tree of Java (1820), S. Kensington also a history painter of some repute.
Museum; Disappointed Love (1821); Sun- Wornum, Epochs, 357.
set at Opening of Sixth Seal
Sea (1824) ; DANDRF.-BARDON, MICHEL FRAN-
(1828) Golden
; Age (1831) Fisherman's ; COIS, born at Aix (Provence), May 22,
Home (1846), National Gallery, London; 1700, died in Paris, April 13, 1783. French
Evening Gun (1848). His son James Fran- school history painter, pupil of J. B. van
;

cis (1816-1875) was a landscape and marine Loo and of J. F. de Troy ;

afterwards
painter, who exhibited at the R. Academy studied six years in Rome. Member of
and Society of British Artists. Thomas Academy in 1735, professor in 1752, rector
Danby, a younger son, is a contemporary in 1778 ;
was one of founders of Marseilles
landscape painter, residing in London. Academy. He was an excellent designer
Member of Society of Water Colour and etcher, of considerable repute as a
Painters. Art Journal, April, 1861 Cat. painter of the nude, and a poet and writer
;

R. Acad. ; Redgiwe Ch. Blanc,

;
Ecole an- on history and taste. He left a biography
glaise ; Sandby, ii. 68. of Van Loo. Works :
Augustus ordering
DANCE, NATHANIEL. See Holland. the Punishment of Defaulters (1729), Aix
DANCKERTS DE RY, PIETER, born in Museum Tullia driving over her Father's
;

Amsterdam in 1605, died in Stockholm in Body (1735), Montpellier Museum Christ ;

1659. Dutch school portrait and genre on Cross, Marseilles Museum. Some of his
;

painter, supposed son of Cornelis Danck- drawings are in the Louvre, the Montpellier
erts de Ry, engraver (born 1561, died Museum, and the Copenhagen Museum.
after 1634); went to Stockholm, where he Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 333 Lejeune, ;

became court painter. Works Portrait Guide, iii. 70 Gaz. des B. Arts (1860), v.
:
;

of Wladislas IV. of Poland C. Danckerts 142 Larousse. ; ;

de Ry (1634), and wife, Brussels Museum. DANEDI, GIUSEPPE, called Montalto,

Fetis, Cat. du Mus. royal, 302. born at Treviglio in 1618, died at Milan in
DANDINI, PIETRO, born in Florence in 1688. Bolognese school history painter, ;

1646, died in 1712. Florentine school; pupil in Bologna of Guido Reni settled in ;

history painter, nephew and pupil of Vin- Turin, where he executed public works ;

cenzo D. travelled through Italy and stud- afterwards aided his brother in Milan.
;
 DAN EDI
Works: St Anthony of Padua caressing Hagar and Ishmael, Glutton (183G); Ocu-
Infant Jesus, Dresden Gallery ; Massacre of list (1837) Klostersuppe, Chess, Opening
;

Innocents, S. Sebastiano, Milan. of the Will, The Widow's Penny (1839);

DANEDI, STEFANO, called Montalto, Liszt at the Piano, Comfort to the Op-
bom at Treviglio in 1608, died at Milan in pressed, Woman, Wine, and Song, Release
1689. school brother of Giu- from Seizure (1840) Little Painter, Lit-
Bolognese ; ;

seppe D. history painter, pupil of Moraz- tle Virtuoso, Child and its World, Village
;

zone. Painted many works for churches in Politician (1844) Wine Taster, Old Mother ;

Milan. His Martyrdom of St. Justina, in S. Asleep (1845) Prayer of Carthusians at ;

Maria in Pedone, is one of his best. Table, Bagpiper, Archaeologist, Rest after
DANHAUSER, JOSEF, born in Vienna, Work (last picture). Allgem. d. Biogr.,
Aug. 18, 1805, died iv. 726 ; Andresen, iv. 201 ; Wurzbach, iiL
there, May 4, 1845. 153.

History and genre DANIEL, Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel,

painter, son of a cabi-
Rome fresco on ceiling.
;

net-maker. After suc- DANIEL IN LIONS' DEN, flufc, Duke

cessfully devoting him-
of Hamilton ; canvas, H. 7 ft 6 in. x 10 ft.

self the violin, he

to 10 in. Daniel, nearly nude, seated with
studied in the Vienna clasped hands, looking beseechingly up-
Academy under Peter ward ; around him nine lions and lionesses,

Krafft,and in 1826 life-size, in varied actiona One of the few

went to Venice on in- great pictures by Rubens painted entirely
vitation of the poet Ladislas Pyrker, from by his own hand. Presented by Sir Dudley
whose of
Rudolph he had painted Carleton to Charles L Hamilton Palace sale
Hapsburg
several pictures with success. Discouraged (1882), 5,145, to C. B. Denison; Denison
by the works of Titian and Veronese, he sale (1884), 2,000, to Duke of Hamilton.
turned from history to genre for a time, but Engraved by Blooteling, Van der Leuw,
returned to the former at a later period and Lamb mezzo, J. Ward etched by Street
; ;

gained the great prize for an historical pict- Waagen, Art Treasures, iii. 296 Smith, ;

ure in 1836. After the death of his father, xi 162 Cat. Ham. Pal. sale, 21 ; Acad.,
;

in 1829, he for some years carried on the xxi. 456.

cabinet business at Vienna, gaining repute DANIELE DA VOLTERRA. See Vol-

as a designer of artistic furniture. He was terra.

corrector at the Academy from 1838, then DANIELL, THOMAS, born at Kingston-
professor in 1840-42, when he resigned in on-Thames in 1749, died at Kensington,
consequence of critical disputes. He then March 19, 1840. Son of an innkeeper and
travelled in North Germany, Holland, and apprentice to a painter of heraldry student ;

Belgium, and might have surpassed his for- at Royal Academy in 1773, began to exhibit
mer efforts had not the death of his younger in 1774, became A.R.A. in 1796, and RA.
brother brought on a fit of melancholia, in 1799. Went to the East in 1784 with his
which hastened his death. Works Abra- nephew William and travelled ten years in
:

ham casting off Hagar, Scholar's Room in India, making many remarkable sketches.
Painter's Studio (1828), Comic Scene in a After this his pictures were chiefly Oriental
Studio (1829), Opening the Will (1839), views and scenes, such as tiger hunts and
Vienna Museum ; Pegasus in the Yoke other sports. He published several books
(1830) ; New Year Congratulations (1831) of Eastern scenery.
;
His View on the Nul-
Ottaker's Death (1832) ; Girl confessing her lah is in the National Gallery. His neph-
Fall (1834) Martyrdom of St John (1835); ews William (1769-1837, R.A. 1822) and
;

369
 DAKLOUX
Samuel (1775-1811) were landscape paint- DANSE DES AMOURS, Camille Gorot,
ers. Redgrave Sandby, i. 314.
;
Charles A. Dana, New York canvas. A ;

DANLOUX, HENRI PIERRE, born in valley, with lake in background nymphs ;

Paris, Feb. 24, 1753, died there, Jan.dancing in foreground at right, a wooded
3, ;

1809. Portrait and history painter, pupil hill, with a Greek temple and figures.
of J. B. Lepicie and of Vien went early to ;
DANSE DU BATON (Staff Dance), Jean
Italy, and on return to Paris gained reputa- Leon Gerome. A girl, loosely robed, hold-
tion by pictures in style of Greuze. In 1791 ing a long staff in her hands, is dancing
went to London, where he remained until before a party of Arnauts, one of whom is
1802, and painted portraits of many emi- playing a musical instrument. Painted in
nent persons. His portrait of Charles X. 1884.
is in Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge that DANTAN, JOSEPH EDOUARD, born in
;

of Jacques Delille in the Versailles Museum. Paris, Aug. 26, 1848. History painter, pupil
His Punishment of a Vestal (Salon, 1802) is of Pils and of H. Lehmann sou of Jean
;

referred to by his friend the poet Delille in Pierre D., the sculptor. Studio in Paris.
Medals : 3d class, 1874 ;
2d class, 1880.
Works Destruction
: of Pompeii (1869); The
Trinity (1872), chapel of the Hospital in
Brezen-on-the-Marne; Hercules at the Feet
of Omphale, Monk carving a Crucifix (1874),
his poem on Pity.Ch. Blanc, Ecole fran- NantesMuseum; The Quoit-Thrower (1875);
yaise ;
Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 335. The Nymph Salmacis and Hermaphroditus
D ANN AT, WILLIAM T., born in New (1876); Christ calling Peter and Andrew
York Figure painter, pupil of (1877); Christ on the Cross, Church of Dom-
in 1853.
the Royal Academy, Munich, and of Mun- browa, Poland Corner of a Studio (1880)., ;

kacsy in Paris. Has painted in Munich, Luxembourg Museum The Model's Break- ;

Florence, Spain, and in Paris. Medal :

fast (1881); Corpus Christi Day (1882); Le
Paradou, Interior at Villerville (1883);
Moulding Shop, Turner's Shop (1884); Bur-
ial of a Child (1885).

DANTE, portrait, Giotto, Chapel of the

Paris, 3d class, 1883. Works: Bavarian Podesta or Bargello, Florence. The poet,
Peasant (1878); Aragonese Contrabandist then about twenty years of age, is represent-
(1883); Castanet Dance, A Quartette (1884). ed with Corso Donati, Brunetto Latini, and
DANSAERT, LEON (MARIE CON- a fourth personage, standing behind Charles
STANT), born in Brussels, Oct. 2, 1830. of Valois, in the lower part of a fresco of
Genre painter, pupil in Paris of Edouard Paradise painted on each side of a window.
Frere travelled in France, Germany, and
; This fresco, mentioned by Vasari as visible
Ecouen. Paints especially 18th
Italy; lives at in 1550, in which the painter had embodied
century scenes in rococo costume. Works : the transient peace imposed on the Floren-
Auction in 18th Century, Les Porcherons tines in 1301, by Cardinal Acquasparta in
(1868); Wedding Feast, Vive le Roi (1869); ! ,
the name of Pope Boniface VlLL., was white-
Before the Sale (1870); Cafe at End of 18th washed when the palace was turned into a
Century (1872); Before Meeting (1873); Af- jail and the chapel
into a storeroom. It thus
fray in Tavern, Flower Market (1874) Read- remained degraded and forgotten until 1840,
;

ing the Contract (1877); Game at Dominos when, through the exertions of Messrs. Kirk-
(1878); Crumbling World (1879); At the Bar- up, Wilde, and Bezzi, it was brought to light
rier (1883). in an injured condition. The eye of the

370
 DANTE
poet was completely destroyed Fortunately, Virgil entering the Selva Oscura (Boston
Mr. Kirkup was able to make a tracing of Museum of Fine Arts); and of Rossetti in his
the bead, afterwards published by the Arun- Vision of Dante. Vasari, L; C. E. Norton,
del Society, before Marini damaged its ex- Original Portraits of Dante (1865); M. Paur,
pression and character by painting in a too Jahrbuch der Deutschen Dante Gesellschaft
small and ill-drawn eye, and retouching the (1869); Spectator, May 11, 1850 ; The Cent-
whole face, as well as the cap and clothes. ury (1884), xxvii. 574, 956.
DANTE AND BEATRICE, Henry Holi-
day, Liverpool Gallery canvas, H. 4 ft. 7 in.
;

x 6 ft 7 in. Dante standing at right, with

his right hand upon a stone parapet on the
bank of the river, presses his heart with his
left hand, as Beatrice, accompanied by two

,
maidens, passes by; in background, the Arno
and the Ponte Vecchio. Grosvenor Gallery,
1883. Etched by C. O. Murray. Art Journal
(1884), 7.

By Ary St-heffer, Mr. A. M Hemming, near

,
Utrecht, Netherlands ; canvas, figures life-
size. Beatrice, full length, clad in a robe of
pale rose-colour, stands on a cloud to right,
with her eyes fixed on the sun (Paradise,
Canto i.
46). Her right on her hand rests

breast, and her left

hangs by her side.

Dante, to left and on a lower plane, seen

Dante, Giotto, Florence.
only to the knees, wears the red hooded cap
This likeness of the poet by Giotto, and the and long red tunic of the Florentines, and,
well-known death mask, believed to have like Beatrice, gazes upward to the divine
been taken from Dante's face after death, light, which, through her power, he is en-
are undoubtedly the most authentic records abled to contemplate. Engraved by N. Le-
of his appearance at different periods of his comte. Scheffer painted this subject three
life, and as such invaluable. "The one," times. The second picture, two-thirds life-
" is the
says Prof. Norton, young poet of size, belongs to C. C. Perkins, Boston the ;

Florence, the other the supreme poet of the third, with figures considerably under life-
world." In the Munich Gallery there is a size, is in England, and was exhibited at
profile likeness of Dante said to have been Manchester in 1857.
painted by Masaccio and Mr. Morris Moore
; DANTE AT RAVENNA, Jean Loon Ge-
has in his possession at Rome another profile r6me, Morris Jesup, New York canvas,K ;

in oils, probably copied from Giotto's fresco, H. 1 ft 8 in. x 3 ft Dante, walking at left
though with certain changes in costume de- in the meadows, beyond the walls of the
tails. Ideal heads of Dante, taken either city, which is seen in the background; groups
from the fresco or the mask are, the three of citizens gaze after him as he passes, and
by Eaphael in the Dispute, the School of point him out to be avoided, according to
Athens, and the Parnassus; and in modern the legend, as one who had seen hell. En-
art those of Scheffer, in his Dante and Bea- graved by J. Levasseur. Art Treas. of
trice and his Francesco, da Hi mini ;
of Dela- Amer., ii. 139.
croix in his Dante and Virgil crossing the DANTE AND VIRGIL, Camille Corot,

Styx (Louvre); of Corot in his Dante and Boston Art Museum ; canvas, H. 8 ft. 6 in.

371
 DATsT TE

x5 ft. 6 in. in a landscape, derived from laurel branches carried by

The two poets
at the entrance to Hades,and the three sym- those who took part. The procession, head-
bolic beasts the panther, signifying Flor- ed by a priest called the Daphuephoros,
:

ence and worldly pleasure the lion, France moves through a wood city of Thebes in
; ;

and ambition ;
the female wolf, Home distance, in a valley at left. decorative A
and avarice. Presented by Q. A. Shaw, I
picture, painted for the country house of the
1875. present owner. Eoyal Academy, 1876. Fac-
By Eugene Delacroix, Louvre, Paris can- ;
simile of original sketch in Art Journal

vas, H. 5 ft. 11 in. x 7 ft. 10 in.; signed, (1881), 152. Art Journal (1881), 136.
dated 1822. Scene from Dante's Inferno DAPHNIS AND CHLOE, Paris Bordone,
(vii.).
Dante and Virgil, conducted by National Gallery, London canvas, H. 4 ft. ;

Phlegeas, cross the lake which surrounds 5 in. x 3 ft. 11 in. The two seated on a
the infernal city of Dis. Among the spirits bank among trees Cupid crowns Chloe ;

which clutch at the boat as it passes, Dante with a wreath of myrtle. Cat. Nat Gal.;
recognizes some Florentines. Salon, 1822. Eichter, 87.
Formerly in Luxembourg. By Fraii9ois Gerard, Louvre ; canvas, H.
DANTE, VISION OF, Dante Gabriel 6 ft. 6 in. x 7 ft. 6 in. At left, on the bank
EosseMi, Liverpool Gallery canvas. Scene of a stream which pours as a cascade out of
;

from Vita Nuova Dante's dream on the a grotto, Daphnis is seated upon the trunk
:

day of Beatrice's death, June 9, 1290. Love of a tree, plaiting a crown of flowers Chloe ;

(the pilgrim of Love of the Vita Nuova) sleeps at his feet, her head resting against
leads by the hand Dante, who walks con- his knees. Salon, 1824. Acquired in 1825
scious, but absorbed as in sleep, into a for 25,000 fr. Engraved by Eichomme.
chamber of dreams, strewn with poppies, DAPPEE. See Tamm.
where Beatrice lies on a couch as if just DAEDOIZE, EMILE, born in Paris con- ;

fallen back in death Love bends over her temporary.

;
Landscape painter. Medal :

with a kiss, while two dream-ladies hold 3d class, 1882. Works At Maintenon, Pond :

suspended for an instant the pall full of of Cernay, Valley of Cernay (1875) ; Moon-
May blooms. Sunset (1876) Washer-women at Pond
Original sketch exhibited at rise, ;

Liverpool Academy, 1858 painted in 1870 of Cernay, Greenfinch Nest (1877)

; ;From ;

acquired by Liverpool Gallery in 1881. Eoyat to Fontanas, Eoad in Fontainebleau

Athenaeum, Aug., 1881, 250; Jan., 1883, Forest (1878) At Maintenon, Autumn ;

94 Blackwood, March, 1883, 399.

;
(1879) Sunset, Forest-brook (1880) Even- ; ;

DANTE, GIEOLAMO, called Girolamo ing, Morning on the Creuse (1881) Twi- ;

light, A Corner of Cernay (1882)

di Tiziano, nourished in Venice in 1547-80. Notch ;

Venetian school history painter, pupil of near Falaise, Val du Sud (1883); The
;

Titian, and his

assistant in some of his Source, To the Moon (1884); Brittany
minor works. The altarpiece, SS. Cosmo Road at Pont d'Ouilly, Seine at Coudray
and Damian, in S. Giovanni Nuovo, is at- (1885).
tributed to him. Vasari, ed. Le Mon., xiii. DARGELAS, HENEI, born at Bordeaux,
194. October 11, 1828. Genre painter, pupil
DAPHNE. See Apollo and Daphne. of Picot lives at couen (Seine-et-Oise). ;

DAPHNEPHORIA, Sir Frederick Leigh- Medal in 1864. Works Challenge, T. A. :

ton, J. Stewart Hodgson canvas, H. 7 ft. 8 Havemeyer, New York

;
Apple Stealers, A. ;

in. x 17 ft. Triumphal procession held E. Borie Collection, Philadelphia Kept In, ;

every ninth year at Thebes, in honour of E. B. Warren, Philadelphia In the Woods, ;

Apollo, to commemorate a victory of the J. Hoey, New York Fagot Gatherers, G. ;

Thebans over the .ZEolians of Arne. Name Hoadly, Cincinnati ; Gardener's Child ;
In-

svt
 DARGENT
tenor of a School (1868); The Butterfly; St. Primel (1875); Banks of the Scorf, Cliff
A Push, lleturn from School (1885). at Morgat (1876).
DARGENT, &DOUARD YAN, born at DA1UO DA TREVISO, of Padua, latter
St. Servais, Finisterre, iu 1824. Landscape half of 15th century. Mentioned in accounts
I

painter;
has also decorated the Cathedral of the Basilica di S. Antonio in 1446 as a
I

of Quimper, and furnished designs for news- pupil of Squarciune. His only existing pict-
!

papers and books. Studio in Paris. L. of ure is a Virgin of Mercy in the gallery of
!

Honour, 1877. Works: The Return, Wo- Bassano, a very poor production, false in
I

men Bathing (1851); By the Sea (1852); drawing, dull and dirty in colour. He de-
I

The Birdnesters, The Wagon (1853) The voted himself chiefly to the decoration of
;
j

Last Kays (1855); Sea-Shore at Lokirech, house-fronts, and many examples of his in-
I

Tent of Darius, Charles Lebrun, Louvre, Paris.

Serra-
Salvage at Guisseny (1857); St. Houardon dustry of this kind exist in Treviso,
(1859); Washerwomen of the Night (1861); vnlle, and Conegliano. C. & C., N. Italy, i.

Vapour, Evening on the Moors (1863); Ob- 350.

stinate Cow (1864); Death of the last Bre- DARIUS, FAMILY OF, Paolo Veronese,
ton Bard (1865) ; Souvenir of Childhood, National Gallery, London canvas, H. 7 ft ;

Druidical Stoue (1866) Maurice Rock, Klo- 8 in. x 15 ft. 6 in. The captive family,
;

arck in Vacation Time (1868) The Little taken after the battle of Issus, presented to
;

Thumb (1869); Intemperance, Work (1870); Alexander by one of the ministers of Darius,
'

Wheelwright of Laouic (1872); Wells of kneeling in centre to right, Alexander,

;

Santa, Path to the Ramiers at Bruzal (1873); in red armour, with Hephsestiou and Par-
St. Roch in Solitude, Kom-boud in Finis- menio in background, a marble arcade,
;

terre (1874) ;
Path near Telgruc, Cliffs at from the top of which many spectators are
Goulliers near Cape Raz, St. Coreutin and looking down.
.
One of Veronese's grandest
373
 DAEIUS
and best preserved works. Painted for Pi- Communion (1865), Angers Museum; Death
saui family, of whom the principal figures of a Trappist (1867) ; Mme. Eoland going to
are portraits, and preserved in Palazzo Pi- the Eevolutiouary Tribunal (1869) ; Fra
sani, Venice, until purchased for National Angelico da Fiesole (1873) ; Eesurrection of
Gallery in 1857. Eichter thinks the kneel- Lazarus, Church of j
St. Bernard, Paris.
ing girls are theartist's daughters, and the DAUBIGNY, CHABLES FEANCOIS,
man with the long gray beard his brother born in Paris,
Benedetto. Kugler (Eastlake), ii. 554 Ki- ; Feb. 15, 1817,
dolfi,Marav., ii. 60 ; Eichter, Ital. Art in died there, Feb.
National Gallery, 74. 20, 1878. Land-
DAEIUS, TENT OF, Charles Lcbrun, scape painter,
Louvre, Paris ; canvas, H. 9 ft. 9 in. x 14 ft. son and pupil of
10 in. Alexander, accompanied by Hephaes- Edrne Fra^ois
tion, visits in their tent the family of Darius, D. (1789-1843),
captured at the battle of Issus. Sisygambia, landscape paint-
mother of Darius, prostrates herself before er ;
visited Italy,
\ ~

Hephsestion, mistaking him for Alexander. J and returning in

Eecogniziug her error, she attempted an 1836, studied under Delaroche. Exhibited
apology, when the King interrupted her, say- at nearly every Salon after 1838. Medals:
ing, "You are not deceived. He is another 2d class, 1848 1st class, 1853 3d class, ; ;

Alexander." The royal captives are attended 1855 1st class, 1857, 1859, and 1869 L. ; ;

by women, priests, and eunuchs. Engraved of Honour, 1859, Officer, 1874. An excel-
by G. Edelinck, Devilliers, G. Audran. lent landscape painter, especially of river
Landon, Musee, ii. PI. 57 Filhol, i. PL 55. scenes, which he painted from a floating
;

DAELEY, FELIX O. C., born in Phila- studio. Left many etchings. Works The :

delphia, Pa., June 23, 1822. Genre

painter, Seine at Bezons, Jerome in the Desert
St.

self-taught. Works almost exclusively in (1840); Harvest (1852); Banks of the Seine
black and white well known as an il-
;
(1852), Nantes Museum Pool of Gylien ;

lustrator; has travelled and sketched in (1853) Sluice in Valley of Optevoz (1855), ;

Europe. Elected an N.A. in 1852. Works Luxembourg Museum Springtime (1857)

:
; ;

First Blow for Liberty Foraging in Virginia

; Banks of the Oise (1861); The Vintage
;

Emigrants attacked by Indians (painted for (1863), Luxembourg Museum; Windmills

Prince Napoleon) Scene in the Streets of at Dordrecht (1872); Fields in June
;
(1873);
Eome ; Cavalry Charge at Fredericksburg House of Mother Bazot at Valmandois (1874);
Virginia (1867); March to the Sea ; Sheep- Fruit-Garden in Normandy (1875); Moon-
fold ;
Mount Desert ;
A Cold Snack
Dieppe (1877). Works in
;
Puri- rise, View of
tans surprised by Indians. Tuckerman, United States Morning, Miss C. L. Wolfe, :

471. New York; Morning Landscape, A. Bel-

DAUBAN, JULES JOSEPH, born in niont, New York; Landscape, T. H. Steb-
Paris, May 31, 1822. History painter, pupil bins, New York; Landscape, M. Graham,
of Auguste Debay director of School of New
;
York; Spring Lake, Shady Pool, Be-
Fine Arts at Angers. Has also decorated fore the Storm, Coast of
Normandy, Sunset,
churches and other buildings. Medal, 1864 B. Wall, Providence;
Landscape, T. Wig-
;

L. of Honour, 1868. Works Louis XI. glesworth, Boston; Landscape, H. P. Kid-

:

making Guillaume de Cerizay Mayor of An- der, Boston; Eiver Scene, G. Hoadly, Cin-
jou (1861) Trappists receiving a Stranger cinnati; Landscape Morning, S. A. Coale,
;

(1864), Luxembourg Museum Trappists St. Louis; Landscape, Charles Parson, ib.
;
;

giving each other the Kiss of Peace before Landscape, View 011 the Seine, C. H. Wolff,

374
 DAUBIGXT
Philadelphia; Heath, Mrs. J. G. Fell, Phila- 'of Edm6 Francois D. Medal: 3d class,
delpkia; Morning, Twilight, Evening, J. 1833, for portraits of Mme. de Marescalchi,
C.
Runkle, New York; Landscape, K M Jes- Alfred de Vigny, and General Gourgeaud.
;

up, New York; River Landscape, Land- His wife, Amclie Dautel (1796-1861), also a
scape, D. Lankenau, Philadelphia; On the miniature painter, won a medal of the 3d
J. ,

Seine, C. S. Smith, New York; Twilight class in 1834.

!

(1866), Sunset on Coast of France (1865), DAUPHIN, FRANCOIS GUSTAVE, born

Landscape (1872), Sunset (1874), W. T. at Belfort (HauURhiu), June 7, 1804, died in
Walters, Baltimore Landscape Evening,
; Paris, May 23, 1859. History painter, pu-
W. H. Vanderbilt, New York; River and pil of Hersent. Exhibited very few pictures,
City, A. E. Borie Collection, Philadelphia; but those display a certain grandeur of style.
View on the Seine, River Scene, H. C. Gib- Medals: 3d class, 1842; 1st class, 1845.
son, Philadelphia. Henriet, C. D. et son Works: Christ bearing his Cross (1841);
osuvre gravee (Paris, 1875); L'Art (1881), Mater Dolorosa (1842); Judas' Kiss (1845);
xxv. 73; L' Artiste (1857), i. 179, 195; Christ's Last Moments (1850) ; cartoons of
Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1882), 265; Gaz. Christ on the Cross and of Christ going to
des B. Arts (1874), ix. 255, 464. Calvary, Virgin and St. John, etc.

DAUBIGNY, KARL PIERRE, born in DAUZATS, ADRIEN, born

at Bordeaux,
Paris,June 9, 1846. Landscape painter, July died in Paris, Feb. 18, 1868.
16, 1804,
I

son and pupil of C. F. Daubigny. He imi- Landscape painter, pupil of Lacour in Bor-
tated his father at first, but has gradually deaux and of Gue in Paris. Travelled in
formed a style of his own. Medals 1868 France, Spain, Scandinavia, Egypt, and
:
;

3d class, 1874. Works Island of Vaux in Syria. Painted chiefly water-colour inte-
:
j

Oise, A Path (1863); Meadow at Villerville, riors. Medals: 2d class, 1832; 1st class,
The Oise at Auvers (1864) Autumn, Hollow 1855; L. of Honour, 1857. Works: Front
;

Road (1865); View in Picardy, Gypsies of the Seminary of San-Telmo in Seville

Halting (1866); two landscapes (1867); (Bordeaux Museum); Gitanos, Mosque on
j

Winnowers at Kenty, Plateau of Bellecroix the Nile Church of Belem in Lisbon Gi- ; ;

(1868) Rocks at Pen'marck, Fishing-Boats ralda of Seville; Pass of Bibaus; Convent

;

at Troport (1869) Farm at Toutain, Fishing- of St. Catherine on Mt. Sinai; Cathedral of
;

Boats (1870) Return of the Fishing Fleet Toledo; Chapel of the Escorial; Fountain
;

to Trouville, Creuniers at Ingouville (1872); near a Mosque View of Cairo Environs of ; ;

Return of the Fishermen to Cancale (1873); Blidah Environs of Damascus; Pass of the ;

Road to Paris, Farm of St. Simeon at Hon- Iron Gate. Larousse Kunst-Chronik, iii. ;

fleur (1874); Valley of Porteville, Shipping 100 iv. 85 Vapereau. ; ;

the Oysters, Snow (1875); St. Simeon Farm, DAVANZI, JACOPO. See Awmi.
Seine-Net Fishing (1876) Shipping Herring-
;
DAVID AND ABIGAIL, Guercino,
Nets (1877); Environs of St. Simeon Farm Bridgewater House, London canvas, fig- ;

(1879); Falling Leaves, Seine at Rangiport ures life-size. Fine composition, but heads
|

(1880); Overflowed Meadow in Normandy uniform and unmeaning, forms hard, and
i

(1881); Old Road at Auvers, Return of the effect out of keeping. In collection of Cardi-
Fishermen Berck (1882); Trdport (1883); nal Mazarin, afterwards in Orleans Gallery,
to
Sunrise in Normandy (1884); Sables d'Ar- whence bought by Duke of Bridgewater for
bonne Fontainebleau, Bay of Staples 800. Injured by retouching. Waagen,
Picardy (1885). Larousse. Treasures, ii. 36.

DAUBIGNY, PIERRE, born in Paris, DAVID, GHEERARDT, born at Oude-

Oct. 30, 1793, died there, July 15, 1858. water about 1450, died in Bruges, Aug. 13,
|

Miniature painter, pupil of Aubry ; brother 1523. Flemish school ; took the freedom

375
 DAVID
of the guild in dean right hand (which rests on the shaft of a
Bruges in 1484, was its

in 1501-2; column) and the head of Goliath in his left.

appears also in the guild of Ant-
werp in 1515. Probably a pupil of Mem- The giant's sword lies at his feet. Formerly
ling. Works Madonna
: with Saints (1509), in the Zampieri Gallery, Bologna.
Repeti-
Eouen Museum Baptism of Christ (1507), tions in the Louvre, Paris, and the Liech-
;

Two scenes from history of Cambyses (1498), tenstein Gallery, Vienna. Louvre copy, en-
Bruges Academy Crucifixion, Berlin Mu- graved by Beisson, Rousselet, and others.
;

seum Madonna with Angels, Darmstadt Filhol, ii. PI. 110 Landon, Musee, vi. PI.
; ;

Museum Adoration of Magi, Madonna with 34.

;

Female Saints, Old Pinakothek, Munich By Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel,

; Rome ;

Marriage at Cana, Louvre, attributed to un- fresco on ceiling.

known Triptych (Madonna and Saints),
;
DAVID PLAYING THE HARP, Domeni-
Municipal Palace, Genoa Canon and Pa- chino,
;
Louvre canvas, H. 7 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft.
;

tron Saints, National Gallery, London. 7 in. David singing, his eyes raised to
Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 711 C. & C., heaven, and accompanying himself on the
;

Flemish Painters, 300 Dohme, li. Forster, harp to left, an angel holds open before
; ; ;

Denkmale, XL iii. 21 XII. iii. 7 Gaz. des him a book in background, to right, an-
; ; ;

B. Arts (1866), xx. 542 xxi. 489 Michiels, other angel transcribes the psalms which
; ;

iv. 131 W. & W., ii. 55.

;
David sings, and holds the sword with which
DAVID AND GOLIATH, Guido Reni, he cut off the head of Goliath. Sent from
Italy to Cardinal Mazarin, from whose col-
lection it passed to Louis XTV. Engraved
by G. Rousselet. Filhol, v. PI. 296 Lan- ;

don, Musee, iii. PI. 33.

DAVID, (JACQUES) LOUIS, born in

Paris, Aug.
31, 1748, died
in Brussels,
Dec. 29, 1825.
History paint-
er, pupil of
V i e n and
,

founder of the
classical French
school. Won
in 1771 2d prix
de Rome, and
in 1774 1st prix de Rome went in 1775 to
;

Rome, where he remained until 1780, when

he returned to Paris, was elected associate
member of the Academy, and regular mem-
ber in 1783. Revisited Italy, and in 1787
went to Belgium. In the revolution he was
David and Goliath, an adherent of Robespierre, after whose
Hermitage, St. Petersburg. David, wear- downfall he narrowly escaped the guillo-
ing a red cap with a yellow and white plume tine, and was sentenced to seven months'
on his head, and dressed in blue drapery imprisonment. Appointed first painter to
trimmed with fur, holds the sling in his Napoleon, he devoted his brush to the glo-

876
 DAVIS
rification of the empire, and when exiled Lucrece (last work). J. L. David, Le Pein-
after the restoration settled in Brussela tre Louis David (Paris, 1880); Ch. Blanc,
Officer and Commander of L. of Honour. Ecole francaise ; Dohme, 3 ; Chesneau,
Works Combat of Minerva against Mars
: Peinture francaise (1883) Hamerton, ;

and Venus (1771), Academic Figure (1779), French Painters ; Gaz. des B. Arts (1859),
Oath of the Horatii (1784), Jielisarius asking i. 132 ; (1860), vii. 301 ; (1880), i. 572 ;

Alms (1784), Paris and Helen (1788), Brutus Living Age, Iv. 708; sc. 728; Meyer,
(1789), Sabine Women (1799), Leonidas at Gesch., 53.
Thermopylae (1814), portrait of himself in DAVIS, HENRY WILLIAM BANKS,
youth, portraits of M. Pecoul (1783), Mme. born at Finchley, Aug.
Pecoul (1783), Pius VH. (1805), Mme. Re- 26, 1833. Landscape
camier, Bailly, Louvre, Paris Napoleon painter, pupil of Roy-;

crossing the Alps (1805), Coronation of Na- al Academy, where ho

poleon and Josephine (1808), distributing exhibited his Rough
Eagles at the Champ de Mars
(1810), por- Pasturage in 18(51.
trait of Bai-oro
(1790, unfinished), do. of Has lived at Boulogne
Pius VII. (replica of Louvre picture), Ver- and made many sketch-
sailles Museum ;
Belisarius asking Alms es on the French coast.
(1780,original of Louvre picture), Lille Elected an AR.A. in
Museum Philoctetes in Island of Lemnos, 1873,andR.A.ml877.
;

Cherbourg Museum; Death of Joseph Barra, Several of his works have been engraved.
Avignon Museum portrait of Comtesse Dil-
;
Works: Strayed Herd (18G5); Spring Plough-
lon, Amiens Museum portrait of Alphonse ; ing (1866); Dewy Eve (1870); Moonrise, Pwe-
Leroy, do. of M. de Joubert, and ^ studies, torium at Neufchatel (1871); A Panic (1872);
Montpellier Museum Death of Cleouice ;
Summer Afternoon (1874); In Picardy(1876);
(sketch), Nantes Museum Ugolino, Valence ; Rustling Leaves, After Sundown (1877) ;
The
Museum portrait of Mine. Vigfee Le Brun, Lowing Herd winds slowly o'er the Lea,
;

Rouen Museum portrait of Mile. Joly, Com- Midday Shelter (1878); Midsummer Night,
;

fedie Courtship of Antiochus and Wanderers, Picardy Sheep (1879) Family

Franyaise ; ;

Stratonice (1774), Ecole des B. Arts; St. Affection, Returning to the Fold (1880);
Eoch interceding with the Virgin for the Mother and Son, Evening Star, Noon (1881);
Plague-Stricken (1779), Marseilles Hospital In Rossshire, Sea and Land Waves, Showers
;

Grief of Andromache over Death of Hector in June (1882); Ben Eay, Gathering the
(1783, presentation picture to Academy); Flock, Kmlochewe (1883) Done Work ;

Death of Socrates (1787), M. de Trudaine (1885). ;

Louia XVI. entering Hall of Constituent DAWANT, ALBERT PIERRE, born in

Assembly (1790); Death of Michel Lepel- Paris contemporary. History painter, ;

letier portrait of Mile. Lepelletier Death pupil of J. P. Laurens.

;
Medals 3d class,
;
:

of Marat, belongs to David's grandson 1880 2d class, 1885. Works St. Thomas
; ;
:

u Becket (1879) ; Henry IV., of Germany,

before Pope Gregory VII., Merwing at St.
Martin's Tomb (1880) ;
Last Moments of
Charles IL of Spain (1881) Burial of an ;

Invalide (1882) Salute to the Invalides

;

(1883) Saint Vincent (1884)

;
The Bark of ;

Sappho and a Faun, in Russia portrait of ;

St.Julian the Hospitaller (1885).
Napoleon I Warwick Castle
, Death of ;
DAWE, GEORGE, bom in London, Feb.
Milo, National Gallery, Dublin Rape of ; 8, 1781, died there, October 15, 1829. Sou

877
 DAWSON
and pupil of Philip Dawe, engraver (died Rainbow at Sea. Art Journal (1879), 48 ;

about 1780), student in 1794 at Royal Acad- Portfolio (1883), 127.

emy, of which elected A.R.A. in 1809, and DEATH, BAY OF. See Starvation Cove.
R.A. in 1814. Painted at first historical DEATH ON THE PALE HORSE, Ben-
subjects, but most
noted for his portraits. jamin West, Pennsylvania Academy, Phila-
He painted for the Duke of Kent officers delphia canvas, H. 14 ft. 10 in. x 25 ft. 2 in.
;

distinguished in the Battle of Waterloo. In Scene

from Revelation vi. In centre, Death,
1819 went to Russia at invitation of the Em- armed with irresistible darts, rides the pale
in wai's of horse which, unbridled, rushes onward,
peror, to paint officers prominent
Napoleon, and in nine years made 400 por- trampling down all ages and conditions, fol-
traits, now in the Hermitage. Princess lowed closely by the monstrous progeny of
Charlotte, Dr. Samuel Parr, National Por- hell ;
on the right, the rider on the white
trait Gallery. Redgrave Arnold, Library horse armed with the bow, the rider on the
;

of Fine Arts (1831); Ch. Blanc, Ecole au- red horse with the sword, and behind them

glaise Sandby, i. 345.

;
the rider on the black horse with the bal-

Death on the Pale Horse, Benjamin West, Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia.

DAWSON, HENRY, born at Hull in 1811, ances on the left, the conflict of men with
;

died at Chiswick, Dec. 13, 1878. His father the beasts of the forest. Painted in 1817 ;

removed during his infancy to Nottingham, bought, at the sale of the painter's pictures
where the lad worked in a lace factory until (1829), and taken to America. Engraved in
twenty-four years old, when he devoted him- outline by Normand. Reveil (Hamilton), iv.

self to landscape painting. In 1849 he re- 286.

moved to London, but laboured many years DEATH, TRIUMPH OF, fresco, Campo
before his genius won recognition. He Santo, Pisa, formerly attributed to Andrea
earned as much during the last six years of Orcagna, now assigned by C. <t C. to a painter
his life as in all his previous career. In of the Sienese school, perhaps Pietro Loren-
1875 his Wooden Walls sold for nearly zetti and by Milanesi to Bernardo Daddi.
;

1,500, and Pool from London Foreground, in three groups. To left, the
in 1876 his

Bridge for 1,400. Other works Sherwood warning

: Three kings on horseback, with :

Oaks, Nottingham from Wilford Hill, Dur- attendants, check their horses before three
ham Cathedral (1876); London at Sunset, open coffins containing the mouldering re-

378
 DEATH
mains of dead kings one of the riders (por- on Death to relieve him from his troubles
;
;

trait of Andrea Uguccione della Faggiuola) but trembles with fright as Death, shrouded
holds his nose, while his horse starts back- in white drapery like an apparition, with a
wards. To right, the coming doom Knights winged hourglass in one hand and a
:
scythe
and ladies seated in a bower singing and over his shoulder, seizes him with his bony
playing upon musical instruments, while the hand. Painted in 1859 refused at Solon, ;

Angel of Death with scythe descends upon but exhibited at Exposition Uuiverselle,
them one of the nobles is Castruccio Cas- 1867. Gaz. des 13. Arts (1859), ii. 362; Sen-
;

tracani, Lord of Lucca. In centre, Death sier, Vie, 192.

and his victims the great of the earth lie
:
DEBACQ, ALEXANDRA born in Paris,
in heaps on one side, and on the other the poor Aug. 12, 1804, died there, Oct. 2, 1850.
and needy are calling for release from their History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil
sufferings. In the sky are angels with the of Gros. Works Joan of Arc in Prison :

souls of the blessed, and devils carrying off (1831) Mary Stuart's Departure from France
;

the damned. The upper corner of the fres- (1833) Death of Sculptor Jean Goujon
; ;

*-""--. *j- ' f '

1 * V 1

3i/JP^;^ ~ , V *
T-- V * *> -"
X- I

Triumph of Death, Campo Santo, Pisa.

co to the left represents the Monks of the Bernard Palissy destroying his Furniture to
Thebaid, one reading, another milking a fire Vases Two paintings in Versailles Mu-
;

goat, and another, St. Macarius, holding a seum.

scroll. A rocky country, hermit huts, and DEBAT-PONSAN, KDOUARD BER-
a road leading up from that on which the NARD, born in Toulouse contemporary. ;

three kings are travelling. Painted about Genre and portrait painter, pupil of Caba-
1377. Vasari, ed. Mil., i. 4G8, 597; C. & C., nel ; won 2d grand prix in 1872. Medals :

i. 445 Burckhardt, 496.

;
2d class, 1874 ; L. of Honour, 1881. Works :

DEATH AND THE WOODCUTTER First Morning (1874); Respect of St. Louis
(Mort et le Bucheron), Jean Franyois Millet, for the Dead (1879); A Door of the Louvre
Laurent Richard Collection, Paris. Illustra- on St. Bartholomew's Day (1880); A Massage
tion of La Fontaine's fable. Scene the in the Harem (1883); Portraits (1884); Por-

edge of a wood, with hill, trees, and rocks in trait of M. Gaillard (1885).

background. The old woodcutter, falling DEBAY, AUGUSTE HYACTNTHE, born

under the weight of his load of fagots, calls at Nantes, April 2, 1804, died in Paris,
 DEBELLE
March 24, 1865. History and genre painter, Young Girls (1810); Physician Consulted by
pupil of Gros ; won the second prize at the Young Woman, Village Fete (1814) Day ;

Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1822, and the grand after Village Wedding (1824). Gaz. des B.
prize in 1824 went to Italy, and returned Arts (1866), xx. 193 ; Goncourt, L'Art du,
;

from Rome in 1830. Medals 3d :

class, 1819; xviii. Siecle, 235.
1st class, 1831; L. of Honour, 1861. Works: DECAISNE, HENRI, born
in Brussels,

.ZEgisthus recognizing the Body of Clyteni- Jan. 27, 1799, died in Paris, Oct. 17, 1852.
nestra (1824) Lucretia in the Forum of History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil
;

Collatia (1831); Enlistment of Volunteers in in Brussels of P. J. C. Franyois and of

1792, Palais Royal, Paris; The King meeting David studied then in Paris under Giro- ;

a Wounded Soldier (1835), Interview on det and Gros, obtained the great prize in
Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520 (1837), 1827, and a medal in 1828 ; visited Holland
Entry of Knights of St. John into Viterbe in in 1830, studying the old masters, and set-
1527 (1842), General Joubert regaining Pla- tled in Paris,where he won great reputa-
Museum Episode
teau of Rivoli, Versailles ;
tion as an excellent portrait painter in the
in 1793 at Nantes (1851), Nantes Museum ;
manner of Lawrence. Order of Leopold in
Philoctetes on Isle of Lemnos, Angers Mu- 1839 L. of Honour, 1842. Works Indian
; :

seum. Bellier cle la Chavignerie, i. 366. Family in Exile, Pariah and Brahmin, Mar-
DEBELLE, ALEXANDRE (JOSEPH garet of Valois saving Life of a Protestant
MICHEL FRANgOIS), born at Voreppe (1827) ; Blind Milton dictating Paradise Lost
(Isere), Dec. 21, 1805. History painter, (1828) Sick Father, Sick Husband, Charles ;

pupil of Gros. Appointed conservator of I. taking Farewell of his Children (1829);

the Grenoble Museum in 1853. Has also Cromwell and his Daughter (1830); Last Mo-
made designs and lithographs for books. ments of Louis XHL, Louis XTV. and de La
L. of Honour, 1868. Works The Emperor Valliere (1831)
: Fenella dancing before ;

at Grenoble, March 7, 1815 (1840), Grenoble; Charles H. (1832) Anne Boleyn's Farewell ;

The Emperor entering the Tuileries, March of her Daughter, Mile, de Montpensier writ-
23, 1815 (1841), Princess Mathilde ; Christ ing her Memoirs, Queen Elizabeth and Amy
and Magdalen (1843), Church of Versoud ;
Robsart (1833) Henri de Lorraine at Chateau
;

Abdication of Humbert H. (1847), bought d'Eu, Descent from Cross (1835) Hagar in ;

by city of Grenoble Moses and Elias (a

; the Desert (1836), Brussels Museum Mater ;

fresco), St. Louis en He, Paris, 1845. La- Dolorosa, Guardian Angel (1836) Fran- ;

rousse. cis L in Madrid, Henrietta of England re-

DEBUCOURT, LOUIS PHILIBERT, ceived at the Louvre by Louis XIV.

born in Paris, baptized Feb. 13, 1755, died Entry of Charles VH. into Rouen
(1837);
at Belleville, Sept, 22, 1832. French school; (1838), Museum Belgium re-
Versailles ;

genre painter, pupil of Vien ; especially warding her Great Men (1839), St. Augus-
attracted by the Flemish Petty Masters tine's, Brussels; Charity (1839), Hamburg
;

painted scenes from life of middle and lower- Gallery; Giotto Guarding Sheep (1839);
classes with a humorous touch and har- Adoration of
Shepherds (1841); Francesca
monious colouring. Works Charitable da Rimini Institution of Order of St. John
:
;

Gentleman, Rural Instruction, Village Judge, (1842), Conquest of Marrah (1844), Ver-
Dreaded Consultation (1781); Scene in the sailles Gallery Four Evangelists, Education ;

Halle, Charlatan, Two Fetes, Interior of of Christ (1844), St. Paul's, Paris Maternal ;

Flemish Household (1783); Feigned Ca- Happiness (1846); Fortune-Teller

(1847);
resses, Human Trait of Louis XVT. (1785) Boniface de Montferrat elected Leader of
;

Consultation, The Travellers, Blind Man's Fourth Crusade, Last Visit of Raphael to
Buff, Hermit distributing Chaplets among his Studio (1849); Chancellor of Hospital

380
 DECAMPS
during St. Bartholomew's Night (1850); House of Village Agha, Women Bathing
Jane Shore, The Dauphin in Prison of the (1834), M. Forme Samson, Joseph sold by ;

Temple (1852); Portraits of Duke of Or- his Brethren (1839), Child playing with
leans and Princess Clementine (1831), Pa- Lizard, The Ford, Dr. L. V6ron Finding ;

lazzo Royal ; King and Queen of Belgium of Moses (1837), Joseph Face ;
Punishment
(1834) ; Mile, de Montpensier (1834), Pa- of the Hooks, Village Street in Papal States
(1839); Turkish Children coming out of
School (1841, Lehon sale, Paris, 1861,
34,000 Towing Horses (1842), The
'ecai/ne fr.);
Caravan, Louvre, Paris ; Siege of Clermont
lazzo Royal ;
Lamartiue (1839). Biog. nat. (1842); Life of Samson (9 designs, 1845);
de Belgique, iv. 8(50 Iimnerzeel, ;
i. 169 ;
Turkish Srhool, Shepherd's Retuni, Sou-
Kramm, ii. 324 Larousse, vi. 209.
; venir of Turkey in Asia (1846), Huntsman
DECAMPS, ALEXANDRE GABRIEL, and Dogs at Fault, Fodor Museum, Amster-
Lorn in Paris, dam ;Heron, The Desert (1849) Turkish ;

March 3, 1803, Cavalry crossing Ford, Flight into Egypt,

died at Fon- Greek Pirates (1850); Rebecca and Eliezer
tainebleau, (1851), Baron Royer Monkey Painter, ;

Aug. 22, 1860. Hunting with Falcon, Hunters at the Meet,

History, land- late Due de Morny Don Quixote and ;

scape, and Sancho Panza, Baron G. de Rothschild ;

genre painter ; Turkish Coffee-House, Comte Lariboissiore ;

pupil of Abel Spaniards playing Cards, Jules Delon M ;

dePujol.David, Children playing with Turtle, Donkeys, M.

and Ingres. He Paturle Interior of Farm-House, Comte T.
freed himself
\ ;

du ChAtel Farmyard, Baron Corvisart ; ;

early from classical principles of style and Turkish Children playing with Turtles, M.
imitation of the antique, and formed him- Cuvillier-Fleury Tow-Horses, M. Ravenaz ; ;

self through the study of Nature, and his Village in Italy, Tiger and Elephant, M.
name was soon counted with those of Ingres, Gaillard pere Donkey and Learned Dogs, ;

Delacroix, and Delaroche as a leader of the Beggar counting Receipts, Albert Turk- M ;

modern romantic French school In 1827 he ish Butcher, Italian Peasant, The Grand-
accompanied the marine painter Garneray mother, Ball Players, M. Gaillard fils Ken- ;

to Greece, Constantinople, and Asia Minor, nel, Interior of a Yard, Baron Michel Sou- ;

and conceived a lasting predilection for venir of Turkey in Asia, Albanians, Gypsies,
Oriental subjects, which he treated with Turkish Coffee-House, Improviser, M. Henri
consummate skill and power. Works Sol- Didier-Go6don : Hunter in the Marsh, ;

dier of the Vizier's Guard (1827); Turkish M. Bonnet Halt of Arab Cavalry, Dogs,
;

Patrol in Smyrna (1831), Turkish Execution Marquis of Harcourt ; Monkeys, Large

(1839), Miraculous Draught of Fishes (1855), Turkish Bazaar, Lord Henry Seymour ;
and others, Sir R
"Wallace, London Turk- Monkey Bakers, Monkey Pork-Butchers, M.
;

ish Children near a Fountain (1833); Body Joseph Fau ; Interior of a Courtyard in
Guard on Road from Smyrna to Magnesia Italy (Pillet sale, 1881, 36,800 fr.); Sunset at

(1834, Maison sale, 1868, 80,000 fr.), Re- Fecamp (Everard sale, 1872, 18,000 fr.); Vil-
becca at Well (1848), Bertrand and Raton, lage Street (Dagnan sale, 1881, 16,300 fr.);
Due d'Aumale, Chantilly Defeat of the Suburbs of Smyrna (Narischkiue sale, 1883,
;

Cimbri by Marius (1834), Fowls and Ducks, 36,100 fr.); Street of Italian Village (do.,
Cottier Collection Reading Firman at 48,000 fr). Works in United States Niyht-
;
:

3S1
 DECKER
Watch Smyrna, Miss C. L. Wolfe, New Continental Congress signing the Declara-
at
York ; Washerwomen, A. Belmont, tioii of Independence in Independence Hall,
Italian
New York Dog, J. H. Stebbins, New York Philadelphia, in 1776. John Hancock sits
; ;

Good Samaritan, Fishermen's Huts, B. Wall, at a table, on which rests the Declaration
j
;

Providence ;
Erwiu Davis, near him, standing, are Jefferson, Adams,
Calais Fisherman,
'

New York Playing with Pussy in Bed, Fal- Franklin, Sherman, and Livingston, the
;
I

coners, D. 0. Mills, New York; Italian Family, 'committee who had reported the draft of
Bashi-Bazouk, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York the instrument seated in chairs around the
; |
;

The Suicide, W. T. Walters, Baltimore De- room are the other members of the Congress.
;
j

tachment of Cavalry, Landscape, Prayer in Painted in 1817-24 for $8,000 original ;

Desert, The Prodigal, Old Mill at Waterloo, study in Yale College Gallery. Engraved
A. E. Borie Collection, Philadelphia. Burty, on back of $100 United States national bank
Life, Chesneau, Peinture franyaise note.
etc.;

(Paris, 1883) Ch. Blanc, ficole franyaise

;
DE CONINCK, PIERRE (LOUIS JO-
;
]

Moreau, Decamps t son CEuvre (Paris, SEPH), bom at M6teren (Nord), Nov. 22,
1869) Gaz. des B. Arts (1862), vii. 97 Ham- 1828. Genre painter, pupil of Leon Cogniet ;
; ;
!

erton,French Painters Perrier, Etudes, won 2d prix de Rome in 1855. Medals in

;
!

127 ; Meyer, Geseh., 255, 750. 3d class, 1873. Works

1866 and 1868 ;
:

DECKER (Dekker), CORNELLS GER-

on the Vessel (1855) Eva on Uncle
Csesar ;

RITSZ, born about 1600, died in Haarlem, Tom's Knees (1857) Baron, Cossack (1859,
',
;

buried March 23, 1678. Dutch school land- horses of Imperial stud) 'Woman Bathing
; 1 ;

scape painter, pupil of Solomon Ruysdael at Capri (1863); Torture of Queen Brune-
; j

registered in Haarlem guild in 1643. His haut, Ballet Girl Resting (1864) ! Christ ;

pictures sometimes approach Ruysdael, but blessing Little Children (1865) Huntress, ;

he was not skilful in atmospheric effects, Two Friends (1866) Lavandara (1867) ; ;
j

and his tones are heavy. A. van de Velde The Ordeal (1868) End of Carnival at Rome ;

and Adrian van Ostade sometimes supplied (1869) Little Charmer (1870) Confidence, ; ;

the figures in his pictures. Works : Two The Ring

Candy, Idling, Kittens
j
(1873) ;

landscapes, Louvre Rural Dwelling,

; with (1874); Pastorella, Ave Maria, Friend of the
trees and a canal, Rotterdam Museum Halt Little Birds (1875) A Trappist Monk.Charm-
;
:
;

at the Inn (1642), Berlin Museum Peasant ing Little Girl (1876) Little Girl Studying
; ;

Cottage, figures by Ostade, Old Pinakothek, (1877) Cornelia (1878) Mater Dolorosa ; ;

Munich two landscapes, Haussmann Col- (1879)

; Hops (1880) Hare caught in a ; ;

lection, Hanover; wood landscape (1666), Trap (1881) Fishing for Eels, Spoiled Girl ;

Copenhagen Gallery Edge of a Wood, (1882) A Good Hunt (1883); Small Fish
; ;

Metropolitan Museum, New York. By J. will grow Large (1884); The Trappist, Primi-
Decker (flourished 1640-60), otherwise un- tive Hunting (1885). Works in the United
known, A Smithy (signed and dated 1644), States At the Fountain, Miss C. L. Wolfe, :

New York; Little Bird-Charmer, D. T.

CD- Buzby, Baltimore

Philadelphia.
;
Violin Girl, A. J. Antelo,

DEDREUX. See Dreux.

DEELEN, DIRK VAN, born at Heusden
in the Berlin Museum. Kugler (Crowe), ii. about 1607, died at Arnemuyden, Zeeland,
479. May 16, 1673. Dutch school ;
architecture
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, painter said to be a pupil of Frans Hals,
;

John Trumbull, rotunda of Capitol, Washing- which is very doubtful visited Italy about ;

ton canvas, H. 12 ft. x 18 ft. The Second

; 1631, lived temporarily at Haarlem, Delft,
 DEFAUX
and Antwerp, and settled later in Arnemuy- (1874) ;
Spring-Time in the Woods (1875) ;

den, where he became burgomaster. His The Loing during a Snow-Storm (1876) ;

pictures, in which Van Herp, Palamedes, to Pennedepic, Gravel-Pit at From Honfleur

Stevens, and Wouwerman supplied the fig- Fontainebleau (1877) Spring Morning in ;

ures, are distinguished for their fine lineal Cernay (1878) Forest of Fontainebleau ;

and aerial perspective. Works Colonnade (1879) Morning at Chateau-Landon, Har-

:
;

with Christ and Adulteress (1C27), Entrance bour of Pout-Aven (1880), Luxembourg Mu-
to Palace (1667), Hall with Festive Assem- seum The Loing, Island of Grande-Jatte ;

bly,Hermitage, St. Petersburg Court with ; (1881); Boad at Montigny, View from Mont-
Ball Players (1628), Louvre Interior, do. ;
martre (1882) Old Birches at the Pigeon
;

with Duke Alva judging the Netherlands, Pond in Fontainebleau, Montigny-sur-Loing

Harrach Gallery, Vienna Festive Assembly ; (1883) ; Cherry Trees in Blossom, Low Tide
(1631), Stockholm Museum ;
St. Peter's in in Normandy (1884) Pastime of a Flock of ;

Home (1032), Augsburg Gallery ; Courtyard Geese, After the Storm (1885).
of Castle (1635), Interior of Gothic Church, DEFEEGGER, FRANZ VON, born at
Brunswick Museum Concert-Room (1636), Strouach, Tyrol,
;

Rotterdam Museum Interior of Castle April 30, 1835.

;

(1638), two others, Lille Museum Conver- Genre painter, pu- ;

sation in the Street (1636), Copenhagen Gal- pil at the Munich

lery Garden-Palace (1640), Splendid Build- Academy under An-

; ,

ing with Colonnade, Vienna Museum; Portico schfltz, then studied

'

of a Palace (1642), Brussels Museum; Court- for eighteen months

yard of Palace (1647), Berlin Museum; Hall in Paris, spent two
in the Binnenhof (1647), National Museum, years in the Tyrol,
Amsterdam Interior of Italian Church and in 1867 entered
;

(1648), Rothan Gallery, Paris; Allegory of Piloty's school at

Poetry and Painting (1668), Antwerp Mu- Munich, where he has resided since 1871.
seum Interior (1625), Fitzwilliam Museum, Medal, Paris, 3d Class, 1878. Honorary
;

Cambridge; Palatial Buildings in Renais- member of the Munich, Vienna, and Berlin
sance Style, National Gallery, London. Academies ennobled in 1883. Works ; :

Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 19 Bode, Studien, Forester's Last Return (1867), The Young
;

214 Riegel, Beitriige, ii. 432 Zeitschr. f. Poachers, Speckbacher and his Son (1869),
; ;

b. K, is. 95. Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck; Wrestling Match

DEFAUX, ALEXANDRE, born at Bercy, (1870); Ball on the Alp (1871); Surprised
Paris, Sept. 27, 1826. Landscape painter, Poachers (1871); The Two Brothers (1872);
pupil of Corot. His works have been more The Prize-Horse (1873); The Beggar Sing-
admired by the critics than by the general ers (1873); Madonna (1873); The Arri6te-
public. Medals: 3d class, 1874; 2d class, Ban (1874), Zither Player, Vienna Museum ;

1875 L. of Honour, 1881. Works View The Bitten Goose (1875); Return of the Vic-
;
:

at Caen, Abandoned Race-Course at Ivry tors (1876), National Gallery, Berlin Say- ;

(1859); View at St. Maur, Coast of Gravelle

'
ing Grace, Leipsic Museum ; Farewell of the
(1863) Plateau of Belle-Croix (1864) ; En- Alpine Herd-Keeper, Dresden Gallery An-
; ;

virons of Mere'ville (1865) Dead Nature, dreas Hofer's last Walk, Konigsberg Mu-
;

Environs of Caen (1867); Marsh of Donville seum Andreas Hofer in the Palace at Inns- ;

(1868) ; Spring-Time (1869) bruck (1879); The Smith of Kochel (1881),

Evening in ;

The River Yerres (1870) Fine Winter Day New Pinakothek, Munich The Love-Letter
; ;

in Bas-Meudou (1872) ;
the Dancing Floor (1882); The
The Loire after a (1882); On
Flood (1873); Birch-Trees at Fontainebleau Fashionable Tyrolese (1883), National Gal-
 DEGEK
lery, Berlin ;
On Furlough (1884). Works DEGUSTATION (Tasting), Gerard Ter-
in United States : Head of Girl, S. A. Coale, burg, formerly in Narischkine Gallery, St.
St. Louis ; Prize-Horse, E. D. Morgan, New Petersburg. A
lady, in a yellow satin cor-
York ;
Italian Singing Beggars, J. T. Martin, black velvet pelerin, and gray skirt,
set,

Brooklyn ;
Tourists in Tyrol, W. H. Vander- seated beside a table, on which are an ink-
New York The New Brother, Samuel
bilt, ; stand, pen, and paper, is tasting wine from
Hawk Collection, New York. At Narischkine a Venice glass held in her left hand in her
;

sale (1883) The Dance sold for 48,000 fr. right she holds a white pot with a tin cover,
Brockhaus, iv. 945 ; Miiller, 12 ; Meyer, Con. which rests upon her knee in back of the ;

Lex., xvii. 555 ; Graph. K, iv. 17 Illustr. room, a bed with red curtains. Sale of
;

Zeitg. (1873), ii. 361; (1875), ii. 255; (1882), Count Perregaux (1841), 8,000 fr.; Delessert
ii. 497 ; N. illustr. Zeitg. (1880), i. 6 (1883), sale, (1869) Narischkine sale, Paris (1883),
; ;

i. 74 Land und Meer (1874), i. 36, 274 51,050 fr. Smith, ix. 537.
; ;

Kunst-Chronik, vi. 6 xviii. 403 six. 317, DEHODENCQ, (EDME ALEXIS) AL-
; ;

Pecht, ii. 27 Zeitschr. f. b. K., vii. 100, 116

; FRED, bom in Paris, April 23, 1822. Genre ;

465 xvi. 50 xvii. 344 xviii. 403 xix. 130; and history painter, pupil of Leon Cogniet
; ; ; ; ;

viii. (Mittheilungen, i.58);xii. (Mitth., v. 52). has travelled much in Spain and North Af-

DEGER, ERNST, born at Bockenem, Han- rica, whence he takes many of his subjects.
over, April 15, 1809, died at DQsseldorf, Jan. Medals 3d class, 1846 and 1853 medal, :
;

27, 1885. History painter, pupil in 1828 1865 L. of Honour, 1870. Works Saint ; :

of the Berlin Academy under Wach, and in Cecilia (1844); In Doubt (1845); St. Stephen
1829 of the Dtlsseldorf Academy under led to Torture (1846); Visitation (1847);
Schadow. In Rome in 1837-41 he prepared Christ in the Tomb, Camoens (1848); Vir-
himself to paint the frescos in the St. Apol- ginia found Dead upon the Shore (1849),
linaris chapel at Remagen, which he executed ordered by State Bull Fight in Spain ;

conjointly with Ittenbach, and Andreas and (1850), formerly in Luxembourg Museum ;

Karl Miiller, in 1843-51. He then decorated Gypsy Men and Women returning from a
the chapel at Castle Stolzenfels, near Co- Festival in Andalusia (1853); Jewish Con-
blentz, for Frederick William IV. of Prussia, cert at the House of a Morocco Cadi (1855);
and in 1869 became professor at the Diissel- Execution of a Jewess in Morocco, Married
dorf Academy, Member of Berlin and Munich Jewess of Tangiers (1861); Columbus at the
Academies. Works Pieta (1830) Bearing Convent of Rabida (1864); The Good Vent-
:
;

the Cross (1832); Madonna (1833); Annun- ure, Jewish Festival in Morocco (1865); The
ciation (1834); Resurrection (1835); Virgin Pasha's Justice (1866); Ruth and Naomi,

adoring Christ (1836); Madonna Enthroned Punishing Thieves in Morocco (1867); Ar-
Andrew's chapel, Dtlsseldorf; Sev- rest of Charlotte Corday (1868) King Boab-
(1837), St. ;

eral otherMadonnas, Redeemer with Mary dil's Farewell to Granada (1869); Jewish
and John Baptist, and Seven Scenes from Festival in Tangiers (1870); October Morn-
Life of Christ (1841-51), St. Apollinaris ing in Luxembourg (1872); Othello (1873);
chapel, Remagen ; St. Catherine (1842); St. Negro Dance in Tangiers, Arab Children
Magdalen (1843); St. Joseph with Infant playing with a Turtle (1874); The Reader
Christ (1844); Holy Virgin, Resurrection, Daughter of Jai- (1875); Christ raising the
Maximilianeum, Munich ; Twelve Scenes
Morocco Story-Teller (1877); il- rus (1876);
lustrating Redemption of Mankind, Castle Bacchus (1878); The Married Jewess, De-
Stolzenfels; Adam and Eve (1853), Raczynski parture of Mobiles in July, 1870 (1879); The
Gallery, Berlin. Brockhaus, iv. 948 ;
Fors- Pasha's Sons, Arrest of a Jew in Tangiers
ter, v. 379
Wolfg. ; Miiller, Diisseldf. K, 46 (1880) ;Morocco Prisoners, Morning Meal ona
;

Reber-Pecht, ii. 151 ; Wiegrnann, 60, 131. Farm, Going to Work (1881); Towing(1883).

384
 DEIG
DEIG (Taig), SEBASTIAN, German Hercules having entrusted Dejanira to the :

school, 16th century, 1516-1544. A

crude Centaur Nessus to be carried across the River i

imitator of Diirer and Schiiufelin, whose Evenus, slays him with a poisoned arrow
pictures may be seen in Nuremberg, Schleiss- when he perceives that he is about to carry
heim, and the Town TT^II of Nordlingen. her off Same history as Hercules and Ache-
Nagler, Mon., W. & W., ii. 403.v. 69 ;
lous of Guido. Engraved by G. Rousselet ;

DEIKER, JOHANNES CHRISTIAN, Bervic. Landou, Musue, i. PI. 35 ; Villot,

born at Wetzlar, Rhenish Prussia, May 27, Cat. Louvre.
1822. Painter of animals and hunts ; pupil DEJUINNE, FRANCOIS LOUIS, born
of his father Friedrich, a portrait painter, in Paris in 1786, died there in 1844. His- '

then of the Hauau Academy, and at the tory painter, pupil of Girodet ; won grand
Stadel Institute in Frankfort under Jakob prix de Rome in 1817, and then studied at
Becker ;
entered the service of Prince the French
'
Academy in Rome. L. of Hou-
Salms, on whose estates he made the forest our, 1824. Works Death of Hector As-
: ;

and its animal his special study, and sumption, St. Genevii-ve, Notre Dame de Lo-
life

then went for a year to Antwerp. In 1868 rette ; Christ healing the Blind, St. Vincent
he settled in Diisseldorf. Works Stags iu de Paul St. Fiacre declining the Crown, : ;

Calving Time, Dog with Hares, Dog at the St. Sulpice Four Seasons, Trianon Palace ; ;

Chase, Pointer and Partridgea Mttller, Baptism of Clovis, Versailles Museum ;

129. Aignan invoking Heaven for besieged St.

DFJKER, KARL FRIEDRICH, born at Orleans Michelangelo's House, Tasso's ;

Wetzlar, April 3, 1836. Painter of animals House, Girodet painting Galatea, Inez at
and hunts, brother of Johannes pupil of the Feet of Childe Harold. ;

the Hanau Academy, and from 1858 in Carls- DEKKER See Decker.
ruhe of Schirmer settled in 1864 in Dtissel-;DELABORDE, HENRI, Vicomte, born
Stag (1858); Two at Renues, May 2, 1811. History painter,
'

dorf. Works : Wounded

Boar-Hunts (1859); Fighting Stags (1861); pupil of Delaroche in 1855 was made con- 1

Stag-Hunt, Boar-Hunt (1870), Cologne Mu- servator of the Imperial

Cabinet of Engrav- !

seum Deer in the Mountains (1876);

;
Con- ings, afterwards its vice-director member ;

test for the Herd (1879). Ulustr. Zeitg. ofAcademy, 1868, perpetual secretary since
(1872), L 67 ; (1873), i.
99; (1877), ii. 267 ; 1
1874 ; distinguished as a writer upon art.
ii. 481; MUller, 129 Land und Meer Medals : 2d class, 1837; 1st class, 1847 ;
L.
(1880), ;

(1873), ii. 751. of Honour, 1860; Officer, 1870. Works: Ha-

DETTERS, HEINRICH, born gar in the Desert (1836), Dijon Museum
at Miinster, ;

Landscape Conversion of Si Augustine (1837) Death of

5, 1840.
Westphalia, Sept. j
;

of the Diisseldorf Academy St. Monica (1838); Conquest of Damietta

painter, pupil
under Alex. Michelis, and much influenced (1841), Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
by Andreas Achenbach studied from nat- (1845), Versailles Museum
;
Passion of ;

ure in Belgium, Holland, France, and Christ (1848), Amiens Cathedral. Meyer,
Southern Germany, but especially in West- Con. Lex., xviii. 229 Muller, 130. ;

phalia. Works: After the Rain (1865); DELACROIX, AUGUSTE, born at Bou-
Dordrecht, Wood In- logue-sur-Mer, Jan. 27, 1809, died there, Nov.,
Westphalian Village,
terior, River Plain View in Amsterdam, 1868. Genre and marine painter. Paralyzed
;

his death, he
Gravelotte, April Weather, Before the during several years before
Storm (1868) Mill, Evening Landscape. his last works with his left hand.
; painted
Mttller, 130. Medals 3d class, 1839 2d class, 1841 1st : ; ;

DEJANIRA, RAPE OF, Guido Reni, class, 1846. Works: Coast of Boulogne,
De-
Louvre, Paris; canvas, H. 8 ft.7 in. x 6 ft. 6 in. Interior of Boulogne Harbour (1835),
 DELACROIX
parture of Fishermen (1839), Negro Dan- Museum; Justice of Trajan (1840), Rouen
cers at Tangiers (1859), Pilgrimage to Museum Marcus Aurelius (1845), Lyons
;

Notre Dame de Boulogne (1866), Boulogne Museum Medea (1838), Lille Museum
; ;

Museum; Expectation, Smugglers (1841); Head of Actaeon, Melun Museum St. ;

Benediction of the Sea (1844, 1863); Wo- George, Grenoble Museum Two Foscari ;

men surprised by the Tide, Talk at the (1855), Due d'Aumale, Chantilly Martyr- ;

Fountain, Washerwomen (1846) Well of dom of St. Stephen (1853), Arras Museum
; ;

Casbah at Tangiers (1852); Departure for The Halt (1837), Nantes Museum Sultan of ;

Fishing, Eeturn (1855); Halt of Caravan Morocco leaving his Palace (1845), Toulouse
(1864). Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 380. Museum Arab Musicians (1848), Tours
;

DELACEOIX, (FERDINAND VICTOR) Museum Portrait of Himself (1829), Charge

;

EUGENE, bom at of Arab Cavalry (1832), Algerian Women at

Charanton St. Mau- Home, Daniel iu Lions' Den
(1853), Michel-
rice, near Paris, April angelo in his Studio (1853), Mulatto Wo-
26, 1799, died in Paris, man, Montpellier Museum Prisoner of ;

Aug. 13, 1863. His- Chillon (1835) Martyrdom of St. Sebas-

;

tory painter, pupil of tian (1836) Convulsionnaires of Tangiers

;

Gueriu. Exhibited in (1838); Hamlet with Skull of Yorick (1839);

1822 his Dante and Romeo's Farewell (1846) Christ Crucified ;

which won him (1847); Death of Valentine (1848); Apollo

Virgil,
reputation, and he killing the Python (1849). Works in United
might have received States Marguerite and Mephistopheles,
:

high academic honours if he had not, with W. Rockefeller, New York Iconoclasts, B. ;

Gericault and others, diverged from the Wall, Providence Clotilda delivering the
;

prevalent classicism of the school of David Martyrs, H. Probasco, Cincinnati Greek ;

and joined the romantic school, of which he Soldier, A. J. Antelo, Philadelphia; Sultan
became one of the leaders. He travelled in of Morocco, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York ;

Spain and North Africa in 1831, and be- Meeting of Ruth's Kinsman and Boaz,
tween that and 1855 executed important Lion Hunt, Capture of Gotz von Berlich-
public commissions, decorating the Cham- ingen, Groom and Mare, A. E. Borie Col-
ber of Deputies, the Library of the Luxem- lection, The Combat, W.
Philadelphia ;

bourg, the Church of St. Sulpice, and gal-

leries in the Louvre and the Hotel de Ville.
L. of Honour, 1831 Com-
tVCX DEV.ACH.OIX
Officer, 1846
; ;

mander, 1855 Member of Institute, 1857. T. Walters, Baltimore.

;
Moreau, Dela-
Works Dante and Virgil (1822), Massacre croix et son (Euvre (Paris, 1873); Burty,
:

of Scio (1824), Twenty-eighth of July, 1830 Maitres, 51; Leclercq, Caracteres, 83 Ch. ;

(1830), Algerian Women (1834), Portrait of Blanc, Artistes d. m. Temps, 23

j
Perrier, ;

himself (1837), Jewish Wedding in Morocco Etudes, 36 Chesneau, Peinture franpaise

;

(1841), Shipwreck of Don Juan, Louvre (1883); Gaz. dea B. Arts (1865), xix. 144;
;

Christ in Gethsemane, St. Paul, Paris (1873), vii. 560

; International Rev. (1880),
;

Portrait of Marshal de Tourville (1835), viii. 357 Nation (1880), xxx. 388
;
L'Art ;

Battle of Taillebourg (1837), Entry of Cru- 94

(1882), xxviii. 61 (1883), xxxii.;76, ;

saders into Constantinople (1841), Versailles Meyer, Gesch., 201 Robaut (Chesneau), ;

Museum Death of Sardanapalus ; Death of L'CEuvre complet de E. D. (Paris, 1885).

;

Marino Faliero (1827), Faust and Mephis- DELACROIX, HENRI EUGfiNE, born
topheles, Sir Richard Wallace, London at Solesmes (Nord)
;
contemporary. His- ;

Death of Charles the Bold (1834), Nancy tory painter, pupil of CabaneL Medal, 3d

386
 DKI.AIIAVK

class, Works: Dnnte and Virgil attention by his picture of Joash Raved from
1876.
(1875), Cambrai Museum Rebellious An- death by Jehosheba (1822). Received the
;

gels (1876), bought by State Prometheus great gold medal

;

(1877) Christ in the Tomb (1878) The Lit- in 1824, became

; ;

tleGiggler (1879); The Angelus (1880); Or- Knight of the J

pheus torn by the Bacchantes (1881); Death Legion of Hon-

of a Hog, Autumn Night (1883); The Laun- our in 1828, Offi- !

dress (1884). cer in 1834, Mem-

DELAHAYE, ERNEST JEAN, born in ber of the Insti-
France ; Genre and portrait tute in 1832, and
contemporary.
painter, pupil of Gurome. Medals 3d Professor at the
:

class, 1882 2d class, 1884. Works Lav- Academy in 1833.

; :

atory(1881); Shoeing, Farriery (1882); Jew- In the following

ish Easter (1883) Gas- Works at Courcelles year lie went to
;

(1884); Farriery, Portrait of Henri Maret Italy, and on his return showed the ideal-

(1885). izing effect upon his style of his study of the

DELANCE, PAUL LOUIS, born
old masters in the famous Hemicycle which
in
Paris contemporary.
;
Genre and portrait he painted at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. At
painter, pupil of Gerome. Medal, 3d the time of his second visit to Italy in 1844
class, Works: Faith, Hope, and he was made a member of the Academy of
1881.
Charity (1878); The three Ages (1879); St. Luke, as he had previously been of the
Louis XVI. and Parmentier (1880); Return academies of Amsterdam and St. Peters-
of the Flag (1881); Revery (1882); Depart- burg. Works: Naphtali in the Desert
ure (1883); Upon the Stockade, Portrait (1819); Joash saved from death by Jehosh-
(1884) Nurses' Bench at Orphanage of St. eba (1822), Death of Queen Elizabeth (1827),
;

Valery (1885). Children of Edward IV., or l*rinccs in the

DELANOY, HIPPOLYTE PIERRE, Tower (1830), Louvre, Paris ; Filippo Lippi

born in Glasgow, Scotland, of French pa- (1822); St. Vincent de-Paul preaching be-
rents contemporary.
; Genre painter, pu- fore Louis Xm.
(1823); Joan of Arc in Pris-
pil of Jobbe-Duval, F. Barrias, Bonuat, and on, St Sebastian (1824); Children caught in
Vollon. Medal, 3d class, 1879. Works: Storm (1825) Death of Agostino Carracci
;

Pride and Impudence, Gilliflowers and (1826); Massacre of St.Bartholomew (1826),

Thoughts (1877); Booty, Breakfast on the Konigsberg Museum Flora Mocdonald ;

the Turf (1878); At Don Quixote's, The !

(1826); Death of Durauti (1827), painted for

Koran (1879); Preparation for Breakfast, Conseil d'Etat ; Capture of the Trocadero
Peaches and Flowers (1880) Breakfast ; (1827); Richelieu on the Rhone (1829),

(1881) A Corner in Willem Kalf's Studio,

;
Death of Mazarin (1830), Sir R. Wallace,
The Gospel (1882); To the Glory of a Gen- London ;
Cromivell beside Coffin of Charles
eral of the Past or the Future, India and I.
(1831), Nimes Museum Execution of Lady
;

the East (1883) Luncheon in the Park,

;
Jane Grey (1834), H W. Eaton, M.P.; Gal-
Things of the Past (1884); With Jacques ileo (1834); Assassination of Due de Gttiw
j

d'Anville, In Time of Chivalry (1885). (1835), Due d'Aumale, Chantilly ; Strn/ord

DELAROCHE, PAUL (Hippolyte), born going to Execution (1835), Duke of Suther-
in Paris, July 17, 1797, died there, Nov. land ; Charing I. insulted by Cromwell's
4, 1856. History and portrait painter. Be- Soldiers (1836), Bridgewater Gallery ; Na-
gan by painting landscapes under Watelet, poleon in his Study (1837), Countess of
which he gave up for history after entering Sandwich Portrait of Peter ;
the Great
the studio of Baron Gros. First attracted (1838) Hemicycle (1838-41), ;
Ecole des

3S7
 DELAUNAY
Beaux Arts, Paris ; Pico della Mirandola from the Temple (1853) ;
Return of Tobias
The Salt-makers of Guerande (1853)
taught by his Mother (1842), Nantes Muse- (1856); ;

um ; Pilgrims at Rome (1842) Mother's The Flute Lesson (1859); Brutus's Oath ;

Joys, Herodias (1843) portrait of Gregory (Tours Museum)

;
Death of the Nymph Hes- ;

XVI. (1844), Charlemagne crossing the Alps r\ * peria (1863) ;

(1847), Versailles Museum Napoleon at ^J'f> (jfljL4/IS\j2/\S Communion ;

Fontainebleau (1845), Leipsic Museum ; >X^ of the Apostles

The Swing (1845), Nantes Museum Napo- ; (1865), Plague in Rome (1869), Death of
leon crossing the Alps (1848); Marie An- Nessus (1870) ; Diana (1872), Luxembourg.
toinette leaving the Tribunal (1851); Napo- He has painted only portraits since 1872.
leon at St. Helena (1852), Queen Victoria DELAVAL, PIERRE LOUIS, born in ;

Last Prayer of Children of Edward TV. Paiis, April 27, 1790, died in 1870. History
(1852); Mater Dolorosa (1852), Liege Mu- painter, pupil of Girodet; and only a barren
seum ;
Moses exposed on Nile, Entombment imitator of his master. Medal : 2d class,

(1853) ;
Last Communion of Mary Stuart 1817. Works: St. Clotilda urging Clovis

(1854); Beatrice Cenci going to Execution, to embrace Christianity (1817), St. Louis,
Christ in the Garden (Norzy sale, I860, 8,000 Versailles; Minerva protecting the Arts
fr.), Christian Martyr (1855); Girondists,
Re- (1819), Grand Trianon; Psyche abandoned
turn from Golgotha, Virgin inContemplation, by Cupid, Grenoble Museum; The Virgin
Virgin with Holy Women (1856). Portraits (1827), St. Cecilia, Cathedral of Meaux; St. :

Napoleon, Duke of Portland's Collection Louis with the Oriflamme. ;

Due d'Angoulfime Mile. Sontag Due de ;

DELEN. See Deelen. ;

Noailles de Remusat Prince Adam Czar-

; DELESTRE, JEAN BAPTISTE, born in
;

toryski de Salvandy ;
Thiers Guizot Lyons, Jan. 10, 1800, died in Paris in Janu-
; ; ;

Changarnier; Count Mole; Pourtales. Works ary, 1871. Genre painter, pupil of Gros;
in United States Study of Head, T. A, was also a writer on art, and excelled rather
:

Havemeyer, New York Christ the Con- as a teacher than a painter.

;
He took an
soler, New York Temptation
A. Belmont, ;
active part in the Revolution of 1848. Works:
of Christ, T. Corse, New York Gethsemane, ; Carmelite; Murder of Clodimir's Children;
H. V. Newcomb, New York Nymph of the Jesus and the Heavy-Laden; Peter's Re-
;

Fountain, D. O. Mills, New York; The pentance; Justice; Sappho at Leucadia.

Hemicyde (1853), W. T. Walters, Baltimore. Larousse.
Godde, CEuvre de P. D., 86 photos. (Paris, DELFT, WILLEM JACOBSZEN, born
1868) Hamerton, French Painters
; Ch. in 1580 (1592), died in 1638. Dutch school; ;

Blanc, cole fran^-aise ; Runtz Rees, P. De- third son and pupil of Jacob AVillemszen,
laroche Larousse, vi. 335 ; Meyer, Gesck, and pupil of Mierevelt, whose daughter he
;

475 ; Perrier, Etudes, 50 ; Rossetti, 101 married. He devoted himself later entirely ;

Gaz. des B. Arts (1860), v. 325 ; vi. 319 ;

to engraving. There is an excellent female
(1861), x. 57.
portrait by him (1632) in the StUdel Gallery,
DELAUNAY, JULES ELIE, born at Frankfort. His son, Jacob Willemszen (1619-
Nantes, June 12, 1828. Genre painter; pu- 1661), was a portrait painter. Kugler
pil of Hipp. Flandrin, L. Laroutte, and of (Crowe), i. 257.
the Ecole des Beaux Arts, where he won the DELFT (Delff), JACOB WILLEMSZEN,
2d grand prix in 1835, and the grand prix died in Delft in 1601. Dutch school; por-
de Rome in 1856. Has decorated several trait painter; among whose works are A
churches. Medals 3d class, 1859 2d class, Reconciliation between Esau and Jacob
:
;

1863, 1865, and 1867 L. of Honour, 1867. (1584), in the Vienna Museum, an Archer's
;

Works Christ driving the Money Changers Repast in the City Hall, Delft (1592), and a
:

388
 BELLI
portrait of the artist with his wife and three DELMONT (Del Monte). See Alunt,
sons. His eldest sou, Cornelis Jacobzen, Deodaat van der.

painted still life, and his second son, Rochus DELOBBE, (FRANCOIS) ALFRED, born
Jacobzen, portraits. Kugler (Crowe), i. in Paris, Oct. 13, 1835. Genre painter,
257. pupil of \. Lucas and of Bouguereau. Med-
DELLI, DELLO
(Danielle), Cavaliere, als 3d class, 1874 2d class, 1875. Works
:
; :

born in Florence about 1404, died after 1464. Country Music, Return from the Fields of
Florentine school. In 1424, NiccolS Delli's St. Briac, Marie Jeaunic (1874) Pyramus ;

father, having surrendered the fortress of and Thisbe, A Daughter of the Fields (1875);
Montecerro in the Tuscan Romagna to the Virgin and Child (1876); Springtime (1877);
Duke of Milan, was sentenced to death, and Lobster-Fishing, The Last Arrow (1878);
fled to Siena, where his son made himself The Big The Bath, In the
Sister (1879) ;

known by casting a brazen figure to strike Prairie (1880); The Family in the Fields,
the hours for the clock-tower of the palace. Gypsy Girl (1881) Romance in a Village, ;

About 1427 Dello went to Venice, and then The First

to Seville, Spain, where he spent many years, Advances
became rich, and was made Cavaliere, a title (1883);By
which was recognized in Florence in 1447. the Sea,
h.uelobbe.
'
1975
"/

Before returning to Spain in the following Fisherman (1884) Two Mermaids, Reverie ;

year he have painted twenty-four (1885); Italian Girl, John Hoey, New York.
is said to
frescos from the book of Genesis in the so- DELORME, (PIERRE CLAUDE) FRAN-
" "
called green cloister of S. M. Novella, (;OIS, born in Paris, July 28, 1783, died
considerable vestiges of which still remain. there, Nov. 8, 1859. Genre painter, pupil of
These frescos, on the south and west walls, Girodet, to whose style he confined himself.
are like those by Paolo Uccello upon the Medal, 2d class, 1840 honorary mention, ;

other sides of the painted in shades 1845 L. of Honour, 1841. Works Death
cloister, ;
:

of green hatched with white lines. Milauesi of Abel (1810); Hero and Leander (1814);

recognizes two different painters in the fres- Raising of Jairus's Daughter (1817),Stlloch,
cos attributed to Dello, and Crowe and Paris Christ Reappearing (1819)
;
Notre ;

Cavalcaselle doubt
they can have been
if Dame, by Aurora
Paris; Cephalus carried off
painted by him after his return from Spain (1822), Luxembourg Sappho reciting an;

in 1446, as they appear to be the work of an Ode to Phaon (1833); Eve plucking the For-
unformed hand. He characterizes the con- bidden Fruit (1834); Magdalen at the Sep-
ceptions as "petty," and the execution as ulchre (1835) ; Adam and Eve after the
rude and hasty. The Shern in the fresco of Fall (1839); Holy Family in Egypt (1850).
the Drunkenness of Noah by Paolo Uccello Larousse ;
Gaz. des B. Arts (1859), iv.

is saidby Vasari to be the portrait of Dello. 254.

The same writer says that Dello painted DELORT, born CHARLES EDOUARD,
furniture and marriage-chests like other ar- at Nimes, Genre painter,
Feb. 4, 1814.
tists of his time. The glazed terra-cotta pupil of Gleyre and of G6rome. Medals :

bas-relief of the Coronation of the Virgin 3d class, 1875 2d class, 1882. Works: Con- ;

over the doorway of the church of S. Egidio, fidence, Starting for the Chase (1873); Ma-
Florence, which Vasari attributes to Dello, rauders (1874); Embarkment of Mauon Les-
is by Bicci di Lorenzo. Vasari, Ed. Le Mon., cant (1875); After Breakfast (1876); Hallali
Hi. 46, 51; ed. Mil, ii. 147; C. & C., Italy, in a Market (1878) A Poacher, Admonition ;

ii. 299 Burckhardt, 494 Milanesi, Archivio, (1880); Capture of the Dutch Fleet in 1794
; ;

Storico Italiano, xii. 183 Dispensa 33, A., (1882); Return from the Review (1884), Mr.
;

1860. Knuidler, New York.

 DELPY
DELPY, CAMILLE HIPPOLYTE, born 1810 won grand prize for history over Da-
;

at Joiguy (Youne); contemporary. Land- vid's Sabines. Acquired in 1818, with En-
scape painter, pupil of Corot and Daubigny. dymion and Burial of Attala, for 50,000 fr.
Medal, 3d class, 1884. Works: Solitude Reveil, i. 22.
(1878); Snow Landscape, Banks of the Seine By Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Rome ;

(1879); Autumn Harvest (1880); Entrance fresco on ceiling.

to Dordrecht, Moonrise (1881) ; Dawn of By Nicolas Poussin, Louvre, Paris; canvas,
Day, Twilight (1882); Quay of Fish Market H. 3 ft. 10 in. x 5 ft. 3 in. CaUed also L'Hiver
at Dieppe (1883); Bank of the Morin at Es- (Winter). The Deluge, with the Ark floating
bly (1884); Before the Storm, Poltaise (1885). on the waters in middle-ground, where the
;

DE LUCE, PEKCIVAL, born in New current forms a cascade, a half-submerged

York, Feb. 24, 1847. Portrait and genre vessel with figures, one of them with raised
painter, pupil of the Antwerp Academy hands, imploring for mercy; in second plane
under Van Lerius, of Portaels in Brussels, at left, the serpent tempter gliding toward
the crevices of a rock ;
at

right, a mass of rock and

persons trying to* reach
it in a boat below, two ;

men, one on horseback,

struggling with thewaves.
Painted, with Paradise,
Ruth and Boaz, and Re-
turn of Spies, in 1660-64,
for Due de Richelieu in ;

Chateau Meudon in 1709-

10. Engraved by J.

Audran, P. Laurent, Eich-

ler, Devilliers, Bovinet.
Filhol, x. PI. 610; Lan-
don, iii. PL 28; Villot,
Cat. Louvre.

Deluge, Nicolas Poussin, Louvre, Paris.

By Joseph M. W. Tur-
ner, National Gallery,
and of Bonnat in Paris. Exhibits at the London canvas, H. 4 ft. 9 in. x 7 ft. 9 in.
;

National Academy. Studio in New York. Illustration of Milton's Paradise Lost. Roy-
Works Portrait, C. H. Hudson
: Children
; al Academy, 1813 ;
Turner Collection. En-
Gleaning (1879) Winter (1880) Thankful
; ; graved by J. B. Quilley. Cat. Nat. Gal.
Blossoms (1881); Reverie (1882); Powder for DEMARNE. See Marne.
the Besieged Wheeling, Va., 1777 (1883); DEMAREST, GUILLAUME ALBERT,
Knitting Lesson (1884) Buttercups and
; born in Rouen, France contemporary. Pu- ;

Daisies, The Forbidden Book (1885). pil of J. P. Laurens and J. Lavtie. Medal,
DELUGE, Girodet de Eoussy, Louvre; 3d class, 1883. Works Grandmother, Rape :

canvas, H. 14 ft. 1 in. x 11 ft. 2 in. A man,

of Psyche (1879); Voyage in Extremis (1880);
bearing his father upon his shoulders and At the Cemetery (1883); Evening (1884); At
holding by the right hand his wife, to the Studio (1885).
whom two children are clinging, endeavours DEMETRIUS, painter and lecturer, sur-
to gain the summit of a rock
by means of a named Graphicus, date unknown. (Diog.
tree which breaks iii his grasp. Painted in Laer. V. Dem. xi.) Perhaps identical with
 DEMETRIUS
one mentioned by Diodorus (Excerpt. Vat. seventeen to study ceramics, then studied
xxxi. 534), who lived iu Rome about 163 monumental
painting under Delaroche and
B.C.; or with the Alexandrian painter of Duban, and decorative painting in Italy. L.
the name (Val. Max., v. 1. 1.) R-Rochette, of Honour, 1859 Officer, 1874. Works ; :

Schorn, 271. Paintings in St. Germain des Pres, St. Clo-

DEMETRIUS, ST., Tintoretto, S. Felice, tilde, St. Trinito, St. Sulpice, St. Eustache,
Venice ;
Demetrius armed and Paris Church of the Abbey, St. Denis St.
canvas. St. ; ;

accompanied by a person of the Casa Ghigi. Paul's, Nimes others in Lyons, Beauvais, ;

Zanotto, 364. Carcassone, and Orleans. Mailer, 132.

DEMONT, ADRIEN LOUIS, born at DENNER, BALTHASAR, born at Altona,
Douai (Nord), France; contemporary. Land- Nov. 15, 1685, died in Rostock, April 14,
scape painter, pupil of E. Breton. Medals 1749. German school :
portrait painter ; ;

3d class, 1879; 2d class, 1882. Works: studied under obscure masters in Altona and
Canal, Village Square (1878); (1879); Dantzic, then, in 1707, at the Berlin Acad-
August
Brickfield, La Scarpe near Douai
(1880) emy. In 1709 he began his career by paint-
;

The Landes of Finisterre (1881), A Mill ing the portraits of Duke Christian Augustus
(1882), Luxembourg Museum ; Morning in of Holstein and his sister. At the age of
March Bloom twenty-four his name was famous, and he
(1882); Brook, Hyacinths in
(1883) Jardin du Vieux (1884) Kitchen received numberless orders from princes and
; ;

Garden in Springtime, Approche du gros nobles of Northern Germany, Denmark, Hol-

Temps (1885). land, and England, which he executed with
DEMONT -BRETON, Mme. VIRGINIE microscopic accuracy and infinite elaboration
fiLODIE, born at Courrieres (Pas-de-Calais); of detail. Works : Portraits of Duke Chris-
contemporary. Landscape and genre painter, jtian August of Holstein and Sister (1709);
pupil of Jules Breton. Medals 3d class, :
Group of Holstein Princes and Courtiers
1881 2d class, 1883. Works The Little
; :
(1712); Princess of Schleswig (1713); Prince
Spring, April Flowers (1880); Woman bath- Mentschikoff (1713); Several Portraits of
ing her Children (1881) The First Step, King Frederic IV. of Denmark (1712 and
;
I

The Family (1882) Flat Shore (1883), Lux- 1717); Duchess of Brunswick (1720); Duke
;

embourg Museum The Calm, Little Birds'- and Duchess of Blankenburg

;
J (1729); King
Nester (1884) Wolves of the Sea (1885).
;
Augustus H. of Poland (1729); Christian VI.
DEMOPHILUS, painter, of Himera, Si- of Denmark
cily,about 424 B.C. Supposed to have been (1734); Duke
the master of Zeuxis. Pliny, xxxv. 36 [61]. Cliristiau Lud-
DENIS, SIMON, surnamed den Schelen wig of Mecklen-
(the squint-eyed), born at Antwerp, baptized burgandFamily
April 14, 1755, died in Naples, Jan. 1, 1813. 1735); Prin-
Flemish school landscape painter, pupil of
; cess Sophie
H. J. Antonissen, went to Italy in 1786, and Charlotte of
afterwards settled in Naples, where he was Denmark (1736); Peter HI. of Russia as
made first painter to the king. Works View : Duke of Holstein
of Arpino, Louvre, Paris Cascade (1793), ; (1740) ; Adolphus
Landscape, Sunset, Antwerp Museum. Frederic of Hol-
Biog. nat. de Belgique, v. 595. steiu-Gottorp
DENNELLE, DOMINIQUE ALEXAN- (1743); Elector of
DRE, born in Paris in 1818,in Cologne (1744); Duke
died of Holstein (1747);
Florence, Italy, Dec. 4, History Duchess of Brunswick (1747); Artist's por-
1879.
painter in fresco ;
went to Germany when trait, six others, Kunsthalle, Hamburg Por. ;

891
 DEXKETTLIK
traits ofOld and Middle-Aged Man, Berlin He is usually confounded with his mediocre
Museum Seven Portraits, Brunswick Mu-
;
son Jacques (born 1644),who was master in
seum; Six Portraits and St. Jerome, Dres- 1664 and dean of the guild in 1693 two of ;

den Gallery Portraits of Old Man and Old

;
his works in Antwerp Museum. Biog. nat.
Woman, Old Pinakothek, Munich; do. (1721 de Belgique, v. 602 Cat. du Musee d'An-
;

and 1726), Vienna Museum Portrait of Old ;

vers (1874), 115.
Woman (1724), Louvre Others in Stutt- ;
DEPOSITION FROM THE CROSS. See
gart, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Christiania, Descent from the Cross.
and Florence Galleries. Allgem. d. Biogr., DERBY DAY, William P. Frith, National
v. 54 Ch. Blanc, Ecole allemande Kugler Gallery, London canvas, H. 3 ft. 3 in. x 7
; ; ;

(Crowe), ii. 563 Larousse, vi. 441.

;
ft. 3 in. Scene on the race-course at Ep-
DENNEULIN, JULES, born at Lille som, 1856 many figures. Royal Academy, ;

(Nord) in 1835. Genre painter, pupil of 1858. Bequeathed by Jacob Bell in 1859.
Colas. Medal, 3d class, 1875. Works: Engraved by August Blanchard. Art Jour-
Triste Eecette (1875); Best of Hunters nal (1865), 194.

(1876); Wedding Dinner (1877); Beading DESBROSSES, JEAN, born in Paris,

the Will, Difficult Passage (1878); Amateur May 28, 1835. Landscape painter, pupil
Quartette, Mayor's Burial (1879); Benedic- of Ary Scheffer and Chintreuil. Medal, 3d
tion, Rural Postman (1880); Return from a class, 1882. Works: In the Mountains
Meeting, A
Shower (1881); Worm
Gather- (1880); Lake of Chambon, The Gorges of
ers (1882); Return from Fishing (1883); In- Chaix (1881); Ascent of the little St. Ber-

terrupted Wedding, A
Reprobate (1884); nard, Monistrol d'Allier (1882); Lac d'An-
False Arrest, Fisherman (1885). necy, Val de Pralognan (1883); Aiguilles de
DENTONE, IL, born in Bologna in 1576, Warens at Sallanches, Mont Blanc Valley
died there, Dec. 18, 1C32. Bologuese of Sallanches (1884); Mont Cervin, Val d'H-
school. Real name Girolamo Curti called lers (1885). ;

Dentone from the deformity of his teeth. DESCAMPS, JEAN BAPMSTE, born at
Pupil of Lionello Spada and C. Baglioni. Dunkirk, Aug. 28, 1706, died at Rouen, July
Worked as a common weaver until twenty- 14, 1791. French school history painter, ;

five years old, when he

began to study de- pupil of his maternal uncle, Louis Coypel,
sign, and soon made himself one of the and of Largilliere. Painted for Louis XV.
foremost decorative painters of his time. several pictures illustrating his coronation
Executed works in many palaces and and his visit to Havre ; became member of
churches in Bologna, Parma, and Modena. the Academy in 1764 settled in Rouen, ;

He excelled in chiaroscuro, but could not where he established a school of design, of

paint figures, and was aided in this depart- which he was professor and director. Pub-
ment by Massari, Guercino, and Guido. lished " Vie des Peintres flamands, alle-
"
Malvasia, ii. 105 Ch. Blanc, Ecole bolo- mands, et hollandais (1755-63), and "Voy-
;

uaise.
age pittoresque de la Flandre et du Bra-
"
DENYS, FRANS, born in
Antwerp about bant (1769). His best known picture, A
1610, died after 1655. Flemish school ex- Mother in her Kitchen with Two Children
;

cellent portrait painter,

showing the influ- (1764), is in the Louvre ; Episodes (5) in
ence of Van Dyck. Free of the guild of
History of Dunkirk, Europe, Asia, Africa,
Antwerp in 1631 ; left Flanders about 1655. America, Museum, Dunkirk France restor- ;

Works : Portraits of Pieter van Home

and ing City of Dunkirk, Hotel de Ville, ib.; Ar-
Wife (1637); do. of Andries van Langen- tist's
portrait, Rouen Museum. Bellier de
berghe and Wife (1635); Portrait of F. P. la Chavignerie, i. 415 Michiels, x. 89 Vil- ; ;

van Broeckhoven (1652), Versailles Museum. lot, Cai Louvre.

sat
 DESCENT
DESCENT FROM THE CROSS (Fr., ;
by Rembrandt Engraved by Hcsa Mol-
Descente de la Crois ; Ital., Cristo deposto lett, Rembrandt, 25, 86 Cat. Munich Gal.
;

della Croce, Cruz

Descendimento de la ; By Rubens, Antwerp Cathedral; wood, H.
|

Ger., Kreuzabnahme), the taking down from . 13 ft. x 9 ft. 6 in. Nine figures. The body
the cross of the body of Christ In the . of the Saviour is being lowered from the
older pictures the Virgin is
generally repre- i cross on a sheet, by two men mounted on
sented standing, but in some of the later ladders they are aided by Nicodemus on
;

ones she has sunk to the earth. The other one side, and Joseph of Arimathaea on the
persons represented are Joseph of Arima- other, also on the ladders below, St John ;

thaea, Nicodemus, Mary Magdalen, St. John receiving the body in his arms beside him ;

Evangelist, and sometimes others (John six. are Mary Magdalen and Salome, kneeling,
38-39). The Deposition from the Cross, and extending their hands to assist him ;

properly the moment when the body is de- beyond, the Virgin, standing. It is evening,
posed or laid on the ground, after the De- and the multitude has departed. Engraved
scent from the Cross, is included under this by L. Vosterman, VaL Green, R, Earlom,
title. The lamentation over the deposed Claessens. On the interior of the doors
body is treated under Field. are:The Visitation (engraved by P. de Jode),
By Ft& Angelica, Florence Academy; wood, and The Presentation in the Temple (en-
top in three pinnacles. Two disciples on graved by P. Pontius, Holhenmeus, Visscher,
the ladder lower Christ's body, while two
j
Val. Green). On the exterior of the doors
others below aid in sustaining it and a fifth are: St Christopher (engraved by Eyndhou-
adores it at left, six figures, one holding
; edts,VanTiennen); and a Hermit Painted
crown of thorns and nails at right, the Vir- ;
<
in 1611-14 for chapel of Company of Arque-

gin, Mary Magdalen, and other women. busiers, Antwerp carried to Paris, returned
;

The pictures in the gables are by Lorenzo in 1815 and placed in Notre Daine. Smith,
Monaco. Painted for S. Triniti, Florence. ii. 3.

Restored in 1841 by Fr. Acciai. Vasari, ed. By Andrea del Sarto, Pal. Pitti, Florence;
Mil., ii. 513 C. & C., Italy, i. 584.
; wood, H. 7 ft. 10 in. x 6 f t. 6 in. signed. ;

By Fra Bartolommeo, Pal. Pitti, Florence; The dead Christ supported by St John
wood, H. 4 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. 3 in. The dead hand held by the Virgin; the Evangelist, his
Christ sustained by St. John Evangelist and Magdalen and St. Catherine kneeling SS. ;

the Virgin, at the foot of the cross, while Peter and Paul standing mountainous ;

the Magdalen embraces his knees. Re- background in foreground a chalice with ;

moved from convent of Augustinians with- the Host. Painted in 1523 for S. Pietro a
out the Gallo gate, at time of the siege, Luco in Mugello bought in 1782 by Grand
S. ;

to S. Jacopo tra' fossi thence to Pitti. Duke Pietro Leopoldo, who placed it in the
;

Copy in S. Domenico, Prato pen sketch in Tribune of the Uffizi carried to Paris in
; ;

Uffizi. Engraved by M. Steinla. Vasari, 1799, and returned in 1815 ; Ferdinand III.
ed. Mil, iv. 197 ; C. & C., Italy, iii. 471 ;
took it to the Pitti, and put the Madonna
Gal. du Pal. Pitti, delle Arpie in its place at the Uffizi.
I. PI. 30. En-
By Rembrandt, Munich Gallery wood, graved by Bettelini Lasinio Esslinger
; ; ; ;

H. 2 ft. 10 in. x 2 ft. 2 in. The dead body Forster Marri. Vasari, ed. Mil, v. 38; ;

of Christ taken down from cross by five Gal. du Pal. Pitti, iii. PL 114 FilhoL iii. ;

men Mary swooning in the arms of the PL 211 C. & C., Italy, iiL 570 Dohme,
; ; ;

Magdalen. Painted in 1633 sold to Prince ; 2iii. 2.

Frederick of Holland passed from Dttssel- ;

By Tintoretto, PaL Pitti, Florence; can-
dorf to Munich Gallery ; replica (dated vas, H. 3 ftx3 ft 11. in. The body of

1634) in Hermitage, St. Petersburg. Etched Christ, supported by Joseph of Ariinathaea,

 DESCENT
clu Pal. Pitti, iv.
on the knees of the Virgin, who falls swoon- Magonio Lerouge. Gal. ;

at right, PL 77 Filhol, x. 681.

ing into arms of one of the Marys; ;

Descent from the Cross, Rubens, Antwerp Cathedral.

1
Nicodemus stands By Daniele da S. Trinita de
grieving; behind, another I Volterra,
of the Marys at foot of the cross. Carried Monti, Rome. The Body of Christ, lowered
received
to Paris ; returned in 1815. Engraved by on a sheet held by three men, is by
894
 DESCENT
Nicodemus the Virgin, swooning, is sup- Scliidone,
; ib. Francesco Francia, ib.; ;

ported by Mary Magdalen, while the two Sodoma, Siena Gallery Barthel Bruyn, ;

other Marys bend over her beside them, Dresden Gallery Alessandro Tiarini, Bolog-
;
<

St John, standing, with outstretched arms, na Gallery, Brera, Milan Rubens, Lille Mu- ;
j

Painted in fresco in 1541, by order of Prin- seum, Hermitage, St. Petersburg Eustacho
;

cess Elena d' Orsini transferred to canvas Lesueur, Louvre

; ;
Michael Wohlgetuuth,
in 1811 by Camuccini re- ;

stored by Palmaroli. En-

graved by G. B. de Caval-
leriis G. L. Dame
;
R. ;

van Audenaerde F. Ras- ;

taini; P. Toschi (1837).

Poussin declared this the
third picture in the world,
ranking it next after Raph-
ael's Transfiguration and
Doinenichino's Commun-
ion of St. Jerome. Vasari,
ed. Mil., vii. 52 ; Grimm,
Leben Michelangelos, ii.

394 Kugler (Eastlake),

;

ii. 309 ; W. & W., ii. GOO;

Nagler, xiii. 118 ;

La-
rousse, vi. 537 ; Lanzi,
Storia pittorica, i. 149.
By Rogier van der Wey-
den, Escorial, Spain ; can-
vas, H. 6 ft 6 in. x 8 ft.
7 in. The body of Christ
lowered from the cross by
Joseph of Arimathsea and
Nicodemus ;
St. John and
one of the Marys sustain
the swooning Virgin the ;

other Marys wailing.

Painted for Chapel of Our
Lady of Victory, St. Peter's
Church, Louvain ;
taken to
Spain by Queen Mary of
Hungary. Replicas or cop- Descent from the Cross, Daniel* di Volterra, S. Trinitl de' Monti, Rome.
ies :Madrid Museum (by
M. Coxcyen) S. Trinidad, Madrid Berlin Liverpool Gallery; Filippino Lippi, Florence
; ;

Museum St. Peter's, Louvain Liverpool Academy Cima da Conegliano, Galleria

; ; ;

Institute. Madrazo Museo Espafiol de Estense, Modena Garofalo, PaL Borghese,

; ;

Antiguedades Fiirster, xL ; Rome, Naples Museum Luca Giordano, ;

Subject treated also by Ludovico Cigoli, Venice Academy Anton Van Dyck, Ant-
;

Pal. Pitti, Florence; Pietro Perugino, ib.;werp Museum Peter Pourbus, Bruges
;

Correggio, Parma Gallery ;

Bartolommeo Academy Hans Memliiig, Hospital of St.
;

3%
 DESCHAMPS
John, Bruges, Vienna Museum
Michael studied then in Dilsseldorf under Karl Sohn,
;

Wohlgemuth, Munich Gallery Jean Jou- and was appointed, in 1854, professor at the
;

Venet, Louvre Sebastien Bourdoii, ib. Ber- art-school in Carlsruhe.

;
Works Francesca ;
:

nard van Orley, Hermitage, St. Petersburg da Rimini (1850); Penitent Magdalen (1852); ;

Sebastian del Piombo, ib. Adrian van der Entombment (1855), Carlsruhe Gallery;
;

Werff, Pedroib.
Campana,
;
Seville Cathedral Adoration of Shepherds (1857), Grand Duke ;

Cornelis Gels, Dominican Church, Antwerp; of Baden Repose in Egypt (1858) Holy ; ;

Garofalo, Brera, Milan, Palazzo Borghese, Women at the Cross (1863), St. Nicholas,

Rome, Naples Museum Bartolomineo Bar- ; Hamburg ; Iphigenia (1865), Grand Duke
ducci, Madrid Museum Vincenzo Cainpi, ;
of Baden ;
Christ Crucified and Magdalen
Cremorne Cathedral Cosimo Tura, National ; (1869); Christ blessing the Penitent Sinners,
Gallery, London and many others. ;
Old Man Reading (1870) ; Domestic Life in
DESCHAMPS, LOUIS, born at Monteli- 17th Century (1871) ;
Under the Red Cross
mar (Dorme) contemporary. Genre and
; (1872) Psyche and Pan Happy Existence.
; ;

portrait painter, pupil of Cabanel. Medal, Brockhaus, v. 80 Kunst-Chronik, xiv.

;

1877. Works Poor Little Girl :

(1877) ;
259.
Little Winnower defending his Grain (1878); DESGOFFE, ALEXANDRE, born in Par-
Death of Mireille (1879) ;
Woman Dream-
March 2, 1805, died there, July 31, 1882. is,

ing, Vincent Wounded

Resignation, Landscape painter, pupil of Ingres; has also
(1881) ;

First Step (1882) ; Happiest of the Three, executed some religious subjects. Decorated
Girl Mother (1883) Spring Day, Research for city of Paris the baptismal chapels of S.
;

for Paternity (1884); The Twins, Alarm Nicolas du Chardonnet and of S. Pierre du
(1885). Gros-Caillou. Medals 3d 1842 ; 2d :
class,

DESCHWANDEN, PAUL, born at Stanz, class, 1843, 1848 1st class, 1845, 1857 L.
; ;

Unterwalden, Switzerland, 1811; died 1881. of Honour, 1857. Works View near Ar- :

History painter, studied from 1840 in Italy bonne (1834), Argus guarding lo, Hercules
after Raphael, and at once attained success. and the Nernean Lion, several views of Na-
Works : Infant Christ Jesus in Agony of
; ples, Roman Campagna, Valley of the Nymph
Death; Resurrection; Last Judgment; Faith, Egeria (1837-1842, painted in Italy) ; Lake
Love, and Hope Holy Family Moses and of Albano, Women Bathing, A Meadow, Med-
; ;

John. Kuhn, Paul von D. Springer, Gesch., itation, Evening, The Cyclops, Lyons Mu-
;

312. seum Narcissus at the Fountain, given to ;

DESCHWANDEN, THEODOR, born at town of Lemur Madness of Orestes; (1857),

Stanz, Switzerland, Feb. 20, 1826, died Luxembourg Museum Country at Hyeres, ;

there, Dec. 19, 1861. History painter, pu- View of Provins, Resting, Playing Quoits
pil from 1840 of his cousin, Paul D., and (1849) Martyrdom of St. Maurice, Woods ;

from 1845 at the Munich Academy ; then of Fleury, Environs of Naples (1859) Joseph ;

studied in Antwerp and Brussels, and later sold by his Brethren, Fauns Dancing, Sources
in Paris after Murillo. In 1858 he visited of theDurtin, Road at Montmorency (1861);
Upper Works Struthan von Wink- Resurrection of Christ, Souvenir of Naples,
Italy. :

elried Arnold von Winkelried taking Fare- Landscape (1863) Gulf of Naples (1867)
; ; ;

well of his Family (I860). Allgem. d. Biogr., View near Autibes (1868) Souvenir of Na- ;

v. 70.
ples, Heath near Fontainebleau (1883). La-
DES COUDRES, LUDWIG, born in Cas- rousse Kunst-Chronik, xvii. 671. ;

sel in 1820, died in Carlsruhe, Dec. 23, DESGOFFE, BLAISE ALEXANDRE,

1878. History and genre painter, pupil of born in Paris, Jan. 17, 1830. Still-life paint-
theMunich Academy in 1840, under Schnorr er, pupil of Flandrin, nephew of Alexandre ;

returned to Cassel, visited Italy in 1844-45, D., and a most skilful imitator of near ob-
 DESIIAYS

jects, hissubjects being finished with micro- On his return he became a member of the
scopic exactness. Medals 3d class, 1861 Academy in 1758, and painted many good
:
;
I

2d class, 1863. Works Two Cups of Ori- altarpieces for churches.

: Works Prayer :

ental Agate (1857) ; Amethyst Vase (1859), of St. Andrew, Flagellation of St. Andrew i

Luxembourg Museum Agate Vase on an (painted for Cathedral of Rouen and en-
;

Enamelled Pedestal, Onyx Pitcher, Turkish graved by Ph. Pariseau); Susanna (engraved
Carpet (1859) Crystal Vase, etc., from by Nicollet under title of Resistance); Venus
;

Louvre (1863), Luxembourg Museum; Fruit throwing Flowers on Body of Hector, Mont-
and Jewels (1864) Fruit and Jewels, pellier Museum and several in Rouen Mu-
; ;

Flowers and Jewels (1868) Rock Crys- ;

tal engraved, Agate and Enamels (1874) ;

Saxon Porcelain, etc. (1874), Count Wells

de la Valette Carved Wood, Bronze Head,
;

etc. (1874); Crystal Vase with Bust of a

Roman Emperor, etc., View near Puy de seum. Ch. Blanc, Ecole francaise Gaz. des ;

Dome (1879); Cross with Crystals, etc., Cup B. Arts (1868), xxiv. 258.
attributed to Benvenuto, etc. (1880); Eques- DESPORTES, j
ALEXANDRE FRAN-
trian Statuette with Tapestry (1881); Royal COIS, born at
j

Birthday Gift (1882); Enamels with Crystal Champigneul,

and Grapes, Statuette representing Force, Feb. 24, 1661,
j

etc. (1883); Fruits and Jewels, Majolica and [died in Paris,

Flowers (1884); Objects of Ancient Art, Agate !

April 15, 1743.

Vase and Fruits (1885). Works in United French school ;

States Objects of Art from Louvre, Miss C.

:
landscape, ani-
L. Wolfe, New York Objects of Art Two
; mal, and still-life
]

Subjects, W. Rockefeller, New York ; Objects painter ; pupil of ;

of Art, T. R. Butler, New York ; Crown of Nicasius Ber-

Louis XTV., B. Wall, Providence ; Crystal naert, a Flemish
Cup and Pansies, T. Wigglesworth, Boston ; animal painter in
Flowers and Objects of Art, H. B. Hurlbut Paris, whence, meeting with little success,
Collection, Cleveland Vase of Flowers, C.
;
he went to Poland, in 1695, acquired great
Crocker, San Francisco Art in the Louvre, ; reputation, and painted King Sobieski, the
W. B. Bement, Philadelphia ;
Articles of queen, and many nobles. On his return to
Vertu, A. J. Drexel, Philadelphia ; Objects France, after Sobieski's death, he painted
of Art, J. T. Martin, Brooklyn ; Objects of chiefly hunting pieces. In 1699 he was re-
Art, D. O. Mills, New York ; Still-life, C. P. ceived into the Academy, of which he was
Huntington, New York Still-life, C. S. ;
made chancellor in 1704 by Louis XTV.,
Smith, New York Objects of Art, W. H.
;
whom he accompanied on all his hunting
Vanderbilt, New York Flowers and Vase, ; expeditions. In 1712 spent six months in
L. Tuckerman, New York ; Objects of Vertu, England, where his pictures sold at high
H. C. Gibson, Philadelphia. Larousse ;
|
prices. He continued to enjoy court patron-

Hamerton, Painting in France. age during the Regency and the reign of
DESHAYS, JEAN BAPTISTE, born in Louis XV. Works Portrait of Himself
:

Rouen in 1729, died in Paris in 1765. French j (1699), Wolf Hunt (1702), Diana
and Blonde
school history painter, first instructed by of Louis XTV., 1702), portrait of a
'

; (dogs
his father, and thenby Boucher, Huntsman (1704), Boar Hunt (1704), Game
in Paris j

whose daughter he married. In Italy he and Vegetables in Kitchen (1707), Game

was led to imitate Benedetto Castiglioue. guarded by Dogs (1700), do. (1709), Game J

aui
 DESTREM
Officer, 1881. Works Engagement between
Game and Flowers :

guarded by Poodle,
(1712), do. (1712), Zette (dog
ofLouis XIV., Imperial Guards and Cossacks in 1814(1870);
1714), Bonne, Nonne, and
Ponne (do.), Folle The Conquerors (1872); Bonaparte in Egypt,
and Mite (do.), Tane (do.), Pompey
and Opening of the Grand Opera (1878) Cham- ;

Florissart 1739), Dog

(do.,
and Partridges pigny in December, 1870 (1879); Distribut-
(1720), and 10 others, Louvre,
Paris. Others ing Flags (1881) ; Evening of Rezonville
in Grenoble Museum, Hermitage at St. (1884). Works in United States :
Saluting
Petersburg, and Stockholm, Brunswick,
and the Wounded (1877), Samuel Hawk Collec-
Carlsruhe Galleries. His son, Claude Frau- tion, New York Cossacks attacked by Royal ;

c;ois (1695-1774), was an animal painter; Guard, Cuirassier,

Miss C. L. Wolfe, New
member of Academy, 1723. Nicolas, nephew York Rifle Practice, Souvenir des Grandes ;

and pupil (1718-1787), painted animals and Mano3uvres, A. Belmont, New York Scene ;

of Franco-German War, Les Incroyables,

Forest of St. Germain, J. H. Stebbins, New
n York French Infantry (monochrome), J. ;

H. Warren, Hoosac Falls, New York Cos- ;

sack of the Don, G. L Seney, Brooklyn ;

Sentry, M. Graham, New York Vidette, W. ;

Rockefeller, New York Cavalry Officer, In- ;

cident in Franco-Prussian War, J. J. Astor,

portraits ;
member Academy, 1757. Ch. New York Autumn Manoeuvres, R. C. Taft,
of ;

Blanc, cole francaise Villot, Cat. Louvre

;
Providence Austrian Cavalryman, J. A.
; ;

Lejeune, Guide, iii. 300. Brown, Providence Prussian Soldiers, G.

;

DESTREM, CASIMIR, born at Toulouse ; Whitney, Philadelphia Scene in a Cabaret, ;

contemporary. Landscape painter, pupil C. H. Clark, Philadelphia Shaving in Camp, ;

of Bonnat. Medal 3d class, 1879. Works Sapeur, H. R. Bishop, New York Les Pro-
: :
;

St. Koch (1878); Unstitching, Jean Calas fonds Politiques, J. C. Runkle, New York ;

(1879); Rustic Scene (1880); Midday Rest Hussar, M. K. Jesup, New York Aide-de- ;

(1881); Pere la Brume (1882); Fishermen Camp, J. T. Martin, Brooklyn Hungarian ;

(1883); Wind Storm, Entry of ViUage at Hussar, Trumpeter, F. Harper, New York ;

Evening (1884); Close of Day, Entree de Halt, Calling the Soldier off Duty,
Roll,
Bullier (1885). Mounted Hussar, C. S. Smith, New York ;
DETAILLE, (JEAN BAPTISTE) EDOU- Study of Horses, F. Rogers, Philadelphia ;

ARD, born in Les Incroyables, R

L. Cutting, New York ;

Paris, Oct. 5, Ready to March (1874), The Picket (1875),

1848. Genre W. T. Walters, Baltimore ;
Ambulance Corps,
painter, pupil of Skirmishing near Paris, 1870, W. H. Vander-
Meissonier ; ex- bilt, New York Ambulance Corps
at Long-
;

hibited at Salon champs, The Retreat (1873), William Astor,

in 1868 his Halt New York Charge of 9th Regiment of Cui-
;

of Infantry, which rassiers, Aug. 6, 1870 (1874), H. C. Gibson,

received much
praise, and in 1869
the Rest during 1 87*.

Drill at Camp Maur, which established

St.
his reputation as one of the most popular Philadelphia Prussian Sentinel, A. E. Borie ;

military painters of the day. Medals 1869, Collection, Philadelphia Passing Regiment
: ;

1870 2d class, 1872 ; L. of Honour, 1873

; (1875), French Cuirassiers bringing in Ba-
;

398
 DfiTOUCHE
varian Prisoners, Corcoran Gallery, Wash- DEUTSCH, VON, born at Mos- RUDOLF
ington. Gaz. des B. Arts (1874), ix. 419 ; cow, October 27, 1835. History and genre
L'Art (1875), ii. 49 ; (1878), xiv. 29 ; Clar- painter, pupil of Dresden Academy ; visited
etie, Peintres, etc. (1884), iL 249 ; Montro- Italy in 1863-66, afterwards Belgium and
sier, Artistes modernes (Paris, 1883); Zeit- England, and settled in Berlin in 1866.
schr. f. b. K., xvi. 291. Work Rape of Helen, National Gallery, :

DfiTOUCHE, LAURENT
DIDIER, born Berlin. Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i. 9.
at Reims, July 29, 1815. History and genre DEVENTER, JAN FREDERIK VAN,
painter, pupil of P. Delaroche and Robert- born hi Brussels, November 27, 1822. Land-
Fleury. Medal: 3d class, 1841. Works: scape painter, nephew and pupil in Ghent
Little Lover, Reims Museum Mother's Last of H. van de Sande Bakhuyzeu. Member
;

Wish, St. Paul, Reims Cathedral Execution of Amsterdam Academy, 1852. Medal, The
;

of Joan of Arc Raising of Lazarus (1843), Hague, 1857. Works Evening Landscajx)
;
:

Church of Fisines Colbert at Dunkirk (1841); Dutch Coast View Wooded Land-
; ; ;

Catherine de Medicis with Ruggieri Rabe- cape with Mill Dutch Copse and Meadow
; ; ;

lais's Quarter of an Hour Remorse of River Landscape (1857). Immerzeel, L 179;

;

Charles IX. (1854); Death of Coligny The ; Kramm, ii. 335.

Alchemist (1865); The Last Valois Blaise DEVtfRIA, EUGENE (FRANCOIS MA-
;

Pascal Jewish Jewel Merchant (1875).

; RIE JOSEPH), born in Paris in 1805, died
Vapereau. at Pau (Basses-Pyrenees), Feb. 15, 1865.
DETOUCHE, PAUL EMILE, called Des- History and portrait painter, brother of
touches, born at Dampierre (Seine-Infm- Achille D., pupil of Girodet came at once ;

eure), Dec. 16, 1794, died in Paris in 1874.into prominence through his Birth of Henry

History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil IV. In 1836 he became Protestant pastor
of David, Guoriu, Gros, and Girodet. Med- at Pau ; but in 1837 painted for the histori-
als: 1st class, 1819, 1827. Chiefly noted cal Museum in Versailles, and ceilings in
for genre pictures, such as The Orphan Girl, the Louvre, the Palais Royal, and Notre

Young Conscript, Wounded Student, Conva- Dame do Lorette. Works Nun defended :

lescing, Return to the Old House (1827). by Grenadier Grenadier nursed by Nun
; ;

Other works Joan of Arc at the Stake St.

:
;
Death of Joan of Arc, Angers Museum ;

Elizabeth among the Poor Raising of Laza-

;
Birth of Henry IV. (1827), Louvre Battle ;

rus, Cathedral of Vannes Christ on the ;

of Marseilles, Conquest of Saverne (1837),
Mount, St. Victor, Paris; Scheherazade, Versailles Museum Unveiling of Statue of ;

Cherbourg Museum; Expectation of Masked Henry IV. at Pau (1846); Death of Joanna
Ball, Departure for the City, Nantes Museum. Seymour (1847); The Four Henrys (1857);
Meyer, Gesch., 175. Halt of Spanish Merchants (1859); Recep-
DETTI, CESARE, born in Rome con- tion of Columbus by Ferdinand and Isa-
;

temporary. Genre painter, pupil of Acad- bella (1861). Portraits of Marshals Brissac
emy of San Luca, Rome. Studio in Paris.
Works Sad Lover, R. G. Dun, New York
:
;

The Duet, William Astor, New York Guard ;

Room, R. C. Taft, Providence L' Amour, and Cr&vecoeur, Versailles Museum. Cli.
;

A. Adams, Watertown, Mass.; Gathering Blanc, Artistes de mon Temps, 88 La- ;

Flowers, W. B. Bement, Philadelphia Rest, rousse, vi. 653 Lejeune,

; Guide, iii. 78 ; ;

Farewell (1877), Naples Exposition The L'Art (1883), i., xxxii. 61, 121, 141, 161, 181;
;

Concert (1884); Arrival of the Newly Mar- Meyer, Gesch., 282.

ried (1885). DEVtiRIA, (JACQUES JEAN MARIE)
DEUTSCH, NIKOLAUS. See Manuel. ACHILLE, born in Paris, Feb. 6, 1810,
 DEVILLY
died there, Dec. 23, 1857. History painter, er, Thomas Antony Devis, exhibited portraits
pupil of Girodet. Made himself
known by in 1776-89. His uncle, Antony T. Devis
lithograph portraits of singers and actors (1729-1817), was a landscape painter. Red-
;

later painted religious pictures notable for grave.

their sweet and somewhat feeble character, DEVONSHIRE, COUNTESS OF, Anton
though not without merit in composition. Van Dyck, Duke of Northumberland can- ;

Works Crucifixion St. Sebastian As- vas.

: ; Christian, Countess of Devonshire,
;

sumption Annunciation
; Charity, Faith, standing, seen to knees, with a rose in right
;

Love, and Hope ;

Descent from the Cross ;
hand ; background, a curtain with a land-
Torquato Tasso introduced to Elizabeth ; scape seen through open door. Engraved
Pericles and Aspasia. Larousse, iv. 653 ; by P. Lombard. Another portrait, full-
I/Art (1883), xxxii. 61, 121, 141, 161, 181. length, Marquis of Ailesbury. Head, 44.

DEVILLY, THEODORE, born in Metz, DEVONSHIRE, DUCHESS OF, Thomas

Oct. 28, Mythology and military Gainsborough,
1818. Messrs. Agnew, London ;

genre painter, pupil of Marechal and of

Paul Delaroche conservator of the Metz
;

Museum, and later of the Nancy Museum.

Medals 3d class, 1852, 1857, 1859, 1861.
:

Works : Eas-Satah in Algeria

Battle of

(1852) ;
Bivouac in 1812
Cossack (1853) ;

(1857); The Marabout of Sidi-Brahim (1859),

Bordeaux Museum ;
Battle of Solferino

(1861) ;
The Trumpeter (1863)
Assault, ;

Cossacks Shouting (1867); Mazeppa (1870);

The Wounded at Gravelotte, Farewell of Sol-
diers to their Officers at Metz (1874) Am- ;

phitrite, Bacchante Asleep,

The Wounded
Horse (1875); Captured Horses recovered
by African Cavalry (187G) ; Triumph of
Bacchus (1878).
DEVIS, ARTHUR WILLIAM, born in
London, Aug. died there, Feb. 11,
10, 1763,
1822. History and portrait painter, son and

pupil of Arthur Devis (1711-1787), a respect-

able portrait painter ; studied also in schools
of Eoyal Academy. Went when twenty years
old to East as draughtsman for E. India Co.,
returning to England in 1795. He was a
good painter, but unfortunate. Works :

Duchess of Devonshire, Gainsborough, Althorp Park.

Lord Cornwallis receiving Sons of Tippoo
Sahib as Hostages Detection of Babing-; canvas, H. 4 ft. 11 in. x 3 ft. 9 in. Georgiana,
ton's Conspiracy Archbishop Langton
;
Duchess of Devonshire (1757-1806), full-
showing Magna Charta to Barons Death of ; length. Royal Academy, 1783 purchased ;

Lord Nelson, Greenwich Hospital Death of ; by Wynn-EUis for 63 of Mr. Bently, who
Princess Charlotte Portrait of Miss O^eil
; bought it for 50 of a Mrs. Maginnis ;

as Belvidera do. of Lord Nelson

;
do. of ; Wynn-EUis sale (1876), to Messrs. Agnew,
Governor Herbert of Calcutta (1791), Na- 10,100 gs. Canvas cut from stretcher and
tional Portrait Gallery, London. His broth- stolen, night of May 26-27, 1876, from Gal-

400
 DEVONSHIRE
lery of New
British Institution, 37 Old onshire, full-length, descending a flight of
!

Bond London, and not since heard steps. Exhibited in 1776. Another portrait
Street,
of. Original sketch in grisaille (H. 1 ft. 11 (H. 3 ft. 8 in. x 4 ft 8 in.), at Chatswortb,
in. x 1 ft 3 in.), Viscount Clifden, Dover representing the Duchess with her infant
I

House engraved by Graves. Replica of daughter Georgiana in her lap, was exhibited
;

Wynn-Ellis picture, Earl Spencer, Althorp 1786 ;

a good copy, by Etty, painted for
Park engraved in mezzo, by unknown.
; George IV., at Windsor Castle. Leslie &
There is also a mezzo, of the Wynn-Ellis pict- Taylor, ii. 155, 485
Art Journal (1855), 6.
;

ure, engraved about 1773. A similar pict- DEW (La Rosce), Jules Joseph Isfebvre,
ture (H. 5 ft. 2 in. x 3 ft. 10 in.), claimed to Win. Astor, New York; canvas. Female figure,
be a Gainesborough, owned by Mr. John nude, reposing on a bank of clouds, floating
Foster, who brought it from Australia, was over a lake covered with water-plants one ;

foot,hanging downward, touches the water;

the head reclines upon one hand, the other
points languidly to the sky. Art. Treas. of
Amer., ii. 69.
DEWEY, CHARLES MELVILLE, born
in Lowville, N. Y., in 1851. Landscape
painter, self-taught Exhibited first at the
National Academy in 1875. Member Society
of American Artists. Studio in New York.
Works Along : the Shore September, No-
vember Day, After the Rain, Water Lily, T.
B. Clarke, New York Idyl (1879); Sunshine
;

and Shadow (1880); Ebb Tide, Trees and

Grasses (1881); Many Things Study by
the Sea, Summer Morning (1882); Lowery
Weather (1883); Ebb of the Tide, Fall
(1884).
DEWING, THOMAS W., born in Bos-
ton, Mass., May 1851.
Figure painter;
4,
hi 1876-79 pupil of Lefebvre and Boulanger
in Paria Studio in New York. Works:
Young Sorcerer (1877); South Wind, A Mu-
sician (1878); Fortune-Teller (1879); Morn-
ing (1880); A Concert (1881); Portrait of
Mrs. Dewing (1882) Prelude (1883) ; A ;

Garden (1884); Slave, T. B. Clarke, New

Duchess of Devonshire, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Althorp Park.
York.
exhibited at Byron Gallery, London, in 1877. DEWING, MRS. W. (Miss THOMAS
Brock- Arnold, 41, 55 Leslie & Taylor, ii. Oakey), born in New York. Figure and
;
\

215 Gower, Hist. Gala of England Notes portrait painter; pupil of the National
; ;

and Queries (1876), 416 London Times, Academy, of John La Farge, and in Paris of
;

May 8, 1877; London Couture. Visited France and Italy in 1876,

27, 1876, July 30,
Illus. May
News, and again in 1883. Studio in New York.
20, 1876.
DEVONSHIRE, DUCHESS OF, Sir Ideal works Woman Serving (1876) In a : ;

Joshua Reynolds, Earl Spencer, Althorp Balcony (1877); Violets (1878); Votive Panel
Park canvas. Georgiana, Duchess of Dev- to Paul Veronese (1879) Mother and Child
; ;

401
 DE WINT
(1882). Portraits Miss O. S. Ward (1874) ; Filippo Lippi, and his assistant in painting
:

Portrait of a Boy (1875) ; Sleeping Child the frescos at Prato and Spoleto, the latter
(1878) ; Portrait of her Father (1879). of which were finished by him after his mas-
DE WINT, PETER, born at Stone, Staf- ter's death. Vasari says he attained great
fordshire, Jan. 21, 1784, died in London, perfection in imitating Fra Filippo's manner
June 30, Landscape painter, water and obtained great credit for it. It is not
1849.
colours J. R. Smith, and student possible to distinguish his hand in
pupil of
; any of his
in 1807 of Royal Academy, where he exhib- master's work. C. & C., Italy, ii. 352 Va- ;

ited in same year three landscapes. Painted sari, ed. Le Mon., iv. 121, 127.
chiefly views in East and North England, DIANA or Artemis, ancient pictures. See
and in Normandy and South France. His Apelles, Aregon, Timarete.
Cornfield, and Woody Landscape with Water DIANA, Guercino, Dresden Gallery can- ;

vas, H. 4 ft. 2 in. x 3 ft.

4 in. Painted for Loren-
zo Delfino, Venice ;
ac-

quired in 1738.
DIANA AND ACTI-
ON, Domenichino, Pal.
Pitti, Florence ; canvas,
H. 1 ft. X1 ft. 6 in. Sub-
ject from Ovid (Met., iii.

155). Nymphs bathe in a

stream flowing through
thick woods, with moun-
tains in background; other

nymphs, half nude, recline

upon the banks around
Diana, near whom stand
two dogs Actaeon in the
;

background.
By Titian, Bridgewater
House, London ; canvas,
Diana and Actaeon, Titian, Bridgewater House, London.
figures two-thirds of life-

size signed.
;
Diana and
are in the South Kensington Museum. her nymphs surprised in the bath by Actae-
Redgrave Art Journal (1849), 260.
; on while hunting. Painted for Philip II. of
D'HEUR. See Heur. Spain, and sent to him in 1559, together
DIADUMENfi, Edward J. Lon- with the Diana and Callisto given by Philip
Poynter, ;

don ; canvas. A nude female figure, full V. in 1704 to Marquis de Grammont, from
length, standing, binding her hair back- whom they passed into the Orleans Collec-
;

ground, a marble bath with mosaic columns. tion bought at its sale for Duke of Bridge-
;

The pose of the figure and the name are de- water for 2,500. Small copy at Madrid,
rived from the famous statue by Polyclitus
probably by Del Mazo. Others, with vari-
of the boy binding his hair, called from that
ations, in Bridgewater House, London ;

circumstance the Diadumenus. Royal Acad- Hampton Court, and in Nostitz Collection,
emy, 1884. Prague. C. & C., Titian, ii. 275 Law, Hist. ;

DIAMANTE, FRA, born about 1430, died Cat. Hampton Court, 29 Vasari, ed. Mil., ;

after 1492. Florentine school pupil of Fra vii. 452 Waagen, Treasures, ii. 31.
; ;

403
 * H. 4
in 'P., ;,

ON, D<

; Action in tlie
 DIAXA
DIANA AND CALLISTO, Annibale Car- prised by a satyr while deeping under a
'.

racci, Louvre canvas, H. 5 ft 3 in. x 6 ft. G clump of trees. Collection of Charles EL

;

iu. At left, massive rocks, down which fall DIANA AND NYMPHS, Domenichino,
several cascades; on first plane, three nymphs PaL Borghese, Home. The goddess, stuiid-
strip Callisto of her garments at right, Di- ing in the centre on a hillock, raises her bow
;

ana seated, surrounded by her nymphs, in one hand, and her quiver in the other, in
stretches her hand towards Callisto. Land- sign of victory, one of her nymphs having
scape attributed to Paul Bril. Villot, Lou- pierced with her arrow the head of a pigeon
vre Filhol, vi. PL 400.
;
attached to the top of a pole two nymphs ;

By Francesco Solimena, Uffizi, Florence approach, bearing on their shoulders a dead

;

canvas, small figures. Diana bathing with stag hung on a stick passed between his
j

nymphs discovers Callisto's condition by her bound legs. This well-preserved picture is
Firenze. remarkable for
'

refusal to bathe. Hoc. Ed., Gal. di. its landscape as well as for

By Titian, Bridgewater
House, London canvas, H. 5 ;

ft. 8 in. x G f t. 4 in.; signed.

Diana and her nymphs prepar-

ing for a bath in a grove the ;

goddess sitting on the bank

points at Callisto, on the oppo-
site side, who struggles ou the

ground with shame in her face

as nymphs raise the veil that

exposes her condition. Same

history as Diana and Actseon.
Small copy, probably by Del
Mazo, in Madrid Museum. Re-
plica, same size as original, with
variations, probably by Titian's
disciples, in Vienna Museum.
Small, late, much injured copy
. , , T . . . Diana and Callisto, Titian, Bridgewater House, London.
in Accademia di b. Luca,
Rome. C. & C., 275; Acad. the natural and graceful attitudes of the
Titian, ii. fig-

(1874), 2G8 ; Waagen, Treasures, ii. 32. ures and the general movement
Subject treated also by Luca Giordano, By Eubenx, Lord Ashburton, London \
;

Hermitage, St Petersburg Cornelis van canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 12 ft. 4 in.

;
Diana
Poeleuburg, Hermitage, St. Petersburg. and three nymphs overtaking a stag. Land-
DIANA OR CHRIST, Edwin Long, Lon- scape by Wildens, animals by Suyders. Pur-
don canvas, H. 5 ft. x 8 ft 9 in. The sta- chased of Joseph Bonaparte in 1838. Waa-
;

dium of Ephesus, with Roman rulers sitting gen, Treasures, ii. 102.
in judgment, and soldiers and an executioner By Ruben*, Baring Collection, London;
at right a Christian maiden, asked to sac- canvas, H. 7 ft. x 5 ft. 10 in. Diana going
;

rifice to Diana, whose image and altar are be- to the chase, caressing a dog at her side with
fore her, refuses, although the alternative is her right hand and carrying a spear in her
death. Royal Academy, 1881. left she is followed by three nymphs, two!
;

DIANA AND ENDYMION, Anton van satyrs, and two more dogs. Purchased in
Clark for 1,850 gs. Waa-
Dyck, Madrid Museum canvas, H. 4 ft 9 1802 from Sir S.
;

in. X 5 ft 4 in. Diana and Eudyiniou sur- gen, Treasures, ii. 182.
 DIANA'S
DIANA'SHUNTING PARTY, Hans Mak- ice Academy. One of his most characteris-
art, James H. Banker, Irviugton, N. Y. ;
tic works is the Madonna between four
canvas, H. 13 ft. 1 in. X 29 ft. 6 in. A sunny Saints, once in S. Lucia, Padua, now in the
in which, Venice Academy. Diana holds a low place
landscape, with lake in foreground,
with the waters rippling around him, and in the annals of Venetian art. C. & C., N.

protected by seven nude water-nymphs

who Italy, i. 223 Burckhardt, 599.
;

implore for mercy, is a noble stag, fleeing DIANTI, LAURA, AT HEK TOILETTE,
for his life before the goddess and her hunt- Titian, Louvre ; canvas, H. 3 ft. 2 in. x 2 ft.

resses, who him to the bank

have followed ;
6 hi. A girl dressing her hair, attended by

Diana, standing on the summit of a preci- a man in background holding two mirrors,
pice, with a group of maidens
at her right, one before and one behind her. Supposed
has her hunting spear poised in her hand ;
to be Laura Dianti, mistress or wife of Al-
on the borders of the lake a figure holds fonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, whose por-
two hounds in the leash, while near them a trait at Madrid resembles the man holding
the mirrors but formerly called Titian and
;

his Mistress. Painted about 1523 ;

in col-
lection of Charles L of England bought for ;

100 by Jabach, who sold it to Louis XIV.

Engraved byForster H. Dancken. Vasari, ;

ed. Mil., vii. 435 C. & C., Titian, i. 266

; ;

Filhol, vii. PL 455 Landon, Musee, xii. PI.

;

19 Klas. der Malerei, i. PI. 59 Ch. Blanc,

; ;

Ecole venitienne.
DIAZ DE LA PENA, NAECISO VIR-
GILIO, born at
Bordeaux, of
Spanish parents,
Aug.21,1808,died
at Mentone, Nov.

18, 1876. Genre

and landscape
painter, no mas-
ter began as por-
;

celain painter. Al-

though his sub-

Laura Dianti at her Toilette, Titian, Louvre.
jects are often
swan is beating its wings. The figures, of frivolous, and his drawing incorrect, his
which there are fourteen, larger than life- colouring is fine and his figures full of life.
size, are said to be portraits of Viennese Won his chief fame through his landscape's.
beauties. Painted in 1880-82. Bought of Medals 3d class, 1844 2d class, 1846 1st
:
; ;

the artist in 1880. New York Tribune, July class, 1848; L. of Honour,1851. He died from
24, 1883. the bite of a viper. Works Sketches from :

DIANA, BENEDETTO, Venetian school, Nature (1831); Battle of Medina-Celi (1835);

end of 15th and beginning of 16th centuries. Adoration of Shepherds (1836) Old Ben ;

Associated with Carpaccio and Mansueti Emeck (1838); Nymphs and Calypso (1840);
in the decoration of the Scuola di San The Dream (1840); Bas-Breau, Eastern Wom-
Giovanni Evangelista, where he painted an, Gypsies going to a Festival, The Witch-
Brethren dispensing Alms, now in the Ven- craft (1844); Diana setting out for the Chase

404
 DIC^EOGENES
(1848); Bather tormented by Cupids (1850), ib. Dark Worn! Interior, Bohemians, H. ;

Grenoble Museum Close of Fine Day, Last Probasco, Cincinnati Forest Scene, H. B.
;
,
;

Tears, The Rival (1855) Pond with Vipent Hurlbut Collection, Cleveland Landscape,
; ;

(1857); Galatea (1859); The Smyruiotes S. A. Coale, St. Louis Maiden and Cupid, ;

(1871); The Pyrenees, Bohemians (1850), Woods of Foutaiuebleau, Mrs. W. P. Wil-

The Fairy with the Pearls (1857), three stach, Philadelphia In the Woods, Mrs. J. ;

others, Luxembourg Museum. Works in G. Fell, ib. La Mare aux Fees, Isle d'Amour, ;

United States Cupid Disarmed, Forest of J. D. Lankenau, ib. His son, Etuile Diaz,
:
|

Fonlainebleau (1871), The Storm (1872), Fon- also a painter, died in I860, aged 25 years.
taiuebleau, Effect of Autumn, Edge of the Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1882), 217; La-
I

Forest, T. W.
Walters, Baltimore Blind rousse ; Gaz. des B. Arts (1874), x. 243 ;
;
'

Man's Buff, Forest of Fontainebleuu, Cupid's L'Art (1877), viii. 49 Zeitschr. f. b. K., xiv. ;

Whisper, Boy and Dogs, The Bather, East- 97; Meyer, Gesch., 272.
ern Bazaar, W. H. Vanderbilt, New York DIC.EOGENES, painter, about 596 B.C.;
;

Bohemian Girls, W. Astor, New York

Fon- country and works unknown. Pliny, xxxv.
;

tainebleau, Samuel Hawk Collection, New 40 [146].

York Edge of Forest, A. Spencer, New York
; DICKSEE, FRANK, born Nov. 27, 1853.
;

Clairiure de la Beine Blanche, C. Vanderbilt, Figure painter, son

New York Landscape, Holy Family, Miss and pupil of Thos.
;

C. L. Wolfe, New York Landscape, A Bel- F. Dicksee.

;
First
mont, New York; Fontainebleau, M. Graham, exhibited in Royal
New York Ladies of Seraglio, Venus and Academy in 1876,
;

Cupids, W. Rockefeller, ib. Oriental Mother Elijah ; confronting

and Child, Mrs. P. Stevens, New York La Ahab, for which he ;

Femme et L'Amour, Flowers, several land- obtained the gold

scapes, J. C. Runkle, New York ;

Forest of medal. In 1877 his
Foutainebleau, J. W. Drexel, New York Harmony, purchased ;

Promenade a la Robe Bleu, J. P. Morgan, by the Academy,

New York Lizard, M. K. Jesup, New York brought him into
; ;
(

Diana and Poictiers Hawking, R. L. Stuart, notice. Elected an A.RA. in 1881. Works:
New York Elysiau Fields, D. O. Mills, New Evangeline (1879); Benedicite, The House
;

York Nymphs and Cupids, Wood Gatherer, Builders (1880); The Symbol (1881); A Love
;

Girl with Scythe, C. P. Huntington, New Story (1882) Too late, too Lite, ye cannot \
;

York Evening, Under the Oaks, C. S. Smith, enter now (1883); Romeo and Juliet (1884);
;

New York Fagot Gatherer, R

;
L. Cutting, Chivalry (1885). Art Journal (1881), 94.
New York Autumn Landscape,
;
G. L Seney, DICKSEE, THOMAS FRANCIS, born in
and figure
Brooklyn Dogs in Forest of Fontainebleau, London, Dec. 13, 1819. Portrait
;

J. T. Mai-tin, Brooklyn Coquette, J. H. War- painter, pupil

;
of H. P. Briggs. Works:
ren, Hoosac Falls, N.Y.; Forest of Fontaine- Othello and Desdemona (1875); Ahab and
bleau, Gypsies, Dead Bird, R. C. Taft, Prov- Jezebel, Cordelia (1877); Madeline (1878);
]

idence Landscape, Turkish Women, Mar- Beatrice (1879); Heiress (1880); Patricia
;

guerite and Martha, Flowers, W. Richmond, (1882); Cordelia, Lucretia, Antigone (1884).
ib.; Favourite Sultana, Landscape-Study, J. DIDAY, FRANCOIS, born in Geneva in
A. Brown, ib. Bathers, Study
;
of Flowers, 1812, died there, Nov. 28, 1877. Landscape
B. ib. Forest with studied in Geneva, Paris, and Rome,
Fortune-Telling, Wall, painter;
;

from nature. Medals in Paris

Fago^Gatherer, Blind Man's Buff, Land- but especially
scape, T. Wigglesworth, Boston Fontaiue- in 1840, 1841 L. of Honour, 1842 Russian
;
; ;

of Stanislaus, Belgian Order of Leo-

bleau, H. P. Kidder, ib.; Pond, W. Brimmer, Order

405
 DIDIER

pold. Member of St. Petersburg Academy. rising in a Mist should be hung between two
Works: Mill at Montreux (1832); Alpine Claudes, as they now are. Engraved by T.
Hut in Meyring VaUey (1834); Chalet in A. Prior E. Goodall, in Turner Gallery. ;

High Alps, Evening in the Valley, Torrent Cat. Nat. Gal.; Hamerton, Life.
in the Alps (1840); Glacier of Rosenheim DIDO, DEATH OF, Guercino, Palazzo
(1841), Lausanne Museum Oaks struck by Spada,
;
Rome. The queen, richly dressed,
Lightning (1847), Geneva Museum View lies on her funeral pile, with sword buried
;

on Brienz Lake, Berne Museum to the hilt in her bosom.

;
Mountain Raising the upper
Landscape with Torrent, New
Pinakothek, part of her body with difficulty, she speaks
Munich Storm on Lake of Geneva. Brock- to one of her attendants whose features ex-
;

haus, v. 316 Faber, ii. C12 Larousse, vi. press sympathy.

; ;
To the right, men and
763 ; Vapereau (1880), 572 ;
L'Art (1878), i. women weeping
others to the left. In the ;

24. background seen the fleet of JSueas sail- is

DIDIEE, JULES, born in Paris, May 26, ing away, and with it a flying Cupid. Fine
1831. Landscape and animal painter, pu- colour and excellent effect. Painted about
pil ofCogniet and of Laurens won the 1626. Engraved by G. Balestra R. Strange.
; ;

grand prix de Rome in 1857. Medals in Meyer, Ktinst. Lex., iii. 3 Lavice, 387. ;

1866 and 1869. Works Farm in Roman

:
By Sir Joshua Reynolds, Buckingham
Campagna (1866), Luxembourg Museum Palace canvas, H. 4 ft. 9 in. x 7 ft. 9 in.
; ;

Normandy Landscape (1868); Hunting a Three figures. Dido, having mounted the
Hare, Count de Chabrillau Morning on funeral pyre, stabs herself, and dies in the
;

the Borders of a Wood, Sacrifice to Pan arms of her sister Anna. Exhibited in 1781.
(1874); Lost Ox, Evening at Ostia (1879); Bought, after Sir Joshua's death, by his
Two Bulls and the Frog, Ford of the Arou niece, the Marchioness of Thomond, for
(1880); Fable of the Women and the Secret
her sale (1821), purchased for
200; at

(1881); Agriculture (1882); Souvenir of a George IV. Engraved S. W. Reynolds.

Journey to the Mines of Taquah, Between Waagen, Treasures, ii. 24.
Rome and Civita Vecchia (1883) Legend of DIEFFENBACH, ANTON HEINRICH,
;

St. Hubert, Portrait of Fox (1884) Ford born at 7

iesbaden, Feb. 4, 1831.
;
Genre W
near Autun, Relay (1885); Return of the painter, pupil in Diisseldorf of Jordan re- ;

Drove, William Astor, New York. turned in 1858 to Wiesbaden, lived in 1863-
W
DIDO AND JENEAS, Joseph M. r 70 in Paris, then for one year in Switzer-
.

Turner, National Gallery, London canvas, land, and in 1871 settled in Berlin.
;
His
H. 4 ft. 10 in. x7 ft. 11 in. The Queen favourite sphere is children's and peasant
with .ZEneas and her Court in long proces- life. Works Day before Wedding (1862); :

sion, prepared for the chase in background, Hunter's Cant (1863); Dangerous Meeting,
;

Carthage. (Dryden's JEneid, iv.) Royal Christmas Eve (1865); Visiting the Nurse
Academy, 1814. Engraved by W. R. Smith; (1869); First Walk, Tidbit, National Gal-
J. T. Willmore in Turner
Gallery. lery, Berlin Missed the Fox Only Cour- ; ;

DIDO BUILDING CARTHAGE, Joseph age Leave little Brother (1877). Brock- ! !

M. W. Turner, National Gallery, London haus, v. 323 Mtlller, 135.

; ;

canvas, H. 5 ft x 7 ft. 5 in. River scene, with DIEGO OF ALCALA, ST., Murillo, Due
bridge in front, and piles of classic architec- de Pozzo di Borgo, Paris canvas, H. 5 ft. ;

ture, completed and in progress Dido, sur- 10 in. x 6 ft. 3 in. The Saint kneeling, im-
;

rounded by her people, on left on right, ploring aid for the victims of an epidemic,
;

monument to her murdered husband, Sy- from an alcalde who recoils as if fearing con-
chseus. Royal Academy, 1815. Bequeathed tagion
background, architecture and peo-
;

by Turner on condition that it and the Sun ple. The figure beside the alcalde said to
406
 DIEGO
be portrait of Murillo. Painted in 1045-47 x 14 ft 9 in.; signed, dated lC4fi. Tho
for Convent of Francisco, Seville ; taken
S. Saint in rapture, raised above the
ground,
to Paris by Soult sold at his sale (1852),
:
while angels perform his duties as cook in
20,000 fr. Reveil, Mus6e de Peinture, iv. the convent kitchen on left a monk intro-
;

255 ; Curtis, 227. duces two visitors, the one on extreme left
supposed to represent Murillo. Painted in
1645-47 for Convent of S. Francisco, Se-
ville taken by Marshal Soult, whose heirs
;

sold to Louvre in 1858 for 80,000 fr. In-

it

judiciously restored and repainted for Soult

Sometimes called La Cuisine des Anges (An-
gels' Cookery). Curtis, 225 ; Gaz. des B.
Arts, Jan. 1875, Feb. 1877 ; L'lllustration,
Jan. 8, 1859.
DIEGO OF ALCALA, ST., AND THE
SOUP, Murillo, Academia S. Fernando, Ma-
drid ; ft. 8 in. x
canvas, H. 5 5 ft 10 in. Tho
Saint, kneeling on left, blesses a pot of soup
on the floor, around which are four kneeling
urchins and their mother; surrounding them
St. Diego of Alcali, Murillo, Patit. are a throng of other beggars awaiting their
DIEGO OF ALCALA, ST., AND THE share. Painted in 1645-47 for Convent of
GUARDIAN, Murillo, Charles B. Curtis, i
S. Francisco, Seville. Etched by F. Navar-
New York canvas, H. 7 ft 9 in. x 6 ft. 6
; rete, in Cuadros. . . . Academia do S. Fer-
1

in. The
Saint surprised, with bread in his nando. Curtis, 226.
robe changed to flowers, by the Guardian, DIELITZ, KONRAD, born in Berlin,
who hands in astonishment at the
raises his Jan. 20, 1845. Genre and portrait painter,
miracle behind the Saint, a monk with a
; pupil of Eschke and of Biermann ; travelled
basket of bread on left, four old beggars
;
in 1871-73 in the Bavarian Alps to study
and two boys, asking alms in front, Christ, ; popular life. Works Rest on the Height, :

marked with the stigmata, seated in guise Smoker Caught (1877) Portraits
(1874) ; ;

of a beggar above, five cherubs, three of

;
of Bismarck (1874); Emperor William (1875),
whom shower flowers on the Saint. Accord- and Crown Prince. Milller, 136 Zeitschr. ;

ing to the legend, S. Diego, who had often f. b.K, xvi. 5.

been reproved by the prior for excessive DIELMAN, FREDERICK, born in Han-
was saved from punishment on one
charity, over, Germany, Dec. 25, 1848. Geuro
occasion by the miracle depicted. Painted painter, pupil of the Munich Royal Acad-
in 1645-47 for Convent of S. Francisco, Se- emy under Dietz, at which time he gained
ville ;
after occupation of city by French, a medal in the life class. Professional lifo
fell into hands of D. Antonio Bravo thence ; spent principally in New York. One of the
through D. Auiceto Bravo, D. Jorge Diez founders of the Society of American Artists.
Martinez, and D. Luis Portilla (18G5), to W. Elected N.A. in 1883. Mr. Dielmau is also
J. Shaw (1873), who sold it in 1880 to Mr. well known as an etcher. Studio in New
Curtis. Etched by A. Lalanze. Curtis, 227 ;
York. Works in oil: Patrician Lady (1877);
G. de Leon, ii. 256 Tubino, Murillo (Se-
; Newsboy (1879); My Own Puss! (T. B.

ville, 1864), 185. Clarke, New York) ;

Bad Weed, Gallantry
DIEGO OF ALCALA, ST., MIRACLE (1880); Lunching (1881); Maryland Garden,
OF, Murillo, Louvre ; canvas, H. 5 ft 11 in. In the Arbour (1882); Mora Players (1883) ;

407
 DIELMAN
Reclaimed, Tessa (1884) Young Gamblers Duke of Newcastle in making designs for his
;

(1885). Water colour Old Time Favour- book on Horsemanship. Went to Antwerp
:

ites (1883). about 1629, admitted to guild in 1638, director

DIELMAN, PETRUS EMANUEL, born of Academy in 1641. Works: St. Norbert, Ant-
in Ghent, July 29, 1800. History, genre, werp Cathedral; Virgin with St. Ely, Church
and portrait painter, pupil of Ghent Acad- of Carmelites, Antwerp; Ecstasy of St. Bona-
emy ; then studied in France and Italy the ventura, Antwerp Museum; St. Francis ador-
works of the old masters, visited Switzer- ing Sacrament, Brussels Museum Entomb- ;

land, returned in 1831 and became in 1841 ment, Children's Bacchanale, Brunswick
director of the art school at Herzogenbusch. Museum; Neptune and Amphitrite, Dresden
Works Jupiter and Leda Elopement of Gallery Marriage of St. Catherine, Flight
:
;
;

Psyche Scenes from Life of St. Augustine of Clrelia, Berlin Museum Allegory of Mor-
; ;

(Church of Anglican Ladies, Bruges) Fish- tality, Pieta, Vienna Museum Abraham and
; ;

Market at Ghent Return of Scheveningen Angels, Feeding the Poor (1629), Old Pinako-
;

Fishermen Fisherman's Family portrait thek, Munich; portrait of Young Man (1665),
; ;

of Pope Gregory XVI. Immerzeel, i. 182. do. of Young Woman, Sta-

DIELMANN, JAKOB FRIEDRICH, born del Gallel7> Frankfort;

at Sachsenhausen, near Frankfort, in 1809, Flight of Cloalia, portraits
died at Kronberg, in the Taunus, May 30, of Man and Woman, Louvre,
1885. Genre painter, pupil of the Stadel Paris ; Rape of Ganymede,
Institute under Prestel, and 1835-42 of in Bordeaux Museum. Others
the Diisseldorf Academy settled in Frank- in Stockholm and Chatsworth Galleries.
;

fort, afterwards at Kronberg, and painted Biog. nat. de Belgique, vi. 48 ; Ch. Blanc,

chiefly idyllic scenes from country life, in Ecole flamande Cat. du Musee d'Anvers ;

which the landscape is always prominent. (1874) Michiels, viii. 138 Rooses (Reber), ; ;

Works Farm-House (1835), National Gal- 324 Van der Branden, 777.
:
;

lery, Berlin; Hessian Village Smithy; Grand- DIEPRAAM, ABRAHAM, flourished at

mother and Grandchildren Parson with Dordrecht, 1648-74, said to have died at
;

Children Village Barber

;
Kirmess Pro- Rotterdam.
;
Dutch school; genre painter,
;

cession Children at Church-Door Peasant pupil of the glass painter Willem Jansz van
; ;

Girl in Doorway Smith with Wooden Leg

;
der Stoop, then in Rotterdam of H. M.
;

Farm-House on the Ahr Vintage at Sach- Sorgh and, after having travelled in France,
;

senhausen.- Brockhaus, v. 325 Kunst- of Adriaen Brouwer, to whom his pictures

;

Chronik, xx. 589 Wolfg. Miiller, Diisseldf. are sometimes attributed.

;
Was member of
K, 248 Wiegmann, 296.
;
the guild at Dordrecht in 1648, and still
DIEPENBEECK, ABRAHAM VAN, born living in 1674. Work The Breakfast :

at Bois-le-Duc, (1665), Berlin Museum. Quellenschriften,

baptized May xiv. 390.
9, 159C, died in DIERICK DE LOUVAIN. See Souls,
Antwerp in 1675. Dierick.
Flemish
school DIES, ALBERT CHRISTOPH, born in
;

and por- Hanover, in 1755, died in Vienna, Dec. 28,

history
trait painter, pu- 1822. Landscape painter; instructed by
pil of Rubens an obscure painter, but mostly self-taught
; ;

was at first a went in 1775 to Mannheim, Basle, and Rome,

glass painter; where he studied and copied for three years,
travelled in Italy, and in reign of Charles I. and remained until 1796,
visiting Naples
was in England, where he was employed by twice. In 1796 he settled in Salzburg, and

408
 DIETEKEN
went the following year to Vienna. Works went in 1859 to Diisscldorf, and
having vis-
:

View near Salzburg (1796), Salzburg Land- ited Italy in 1861, executed fresco
paintings
scape in Storm (1797), Vienna Museum in the hall of the Kreuzschule in Dresden.
;

six Views around Eisenberg, Hungary, Na- Works :Faust with Gretchen in the Prison
tional Gallery, Pesth Cascades of Tivoli Frescos: Abraham's Sacrifice; Death
;
(1859).
and Valley of Ustica (1798), Prague Gallery; of Marcus Curtius ; Death of Socrates ;
two from Coliseum, View of Vesuvius, View Luther at Worms; Poets, Scholars, and
of Naples, View near Albano, Pyramid of Artists ;
Allegorical Figure of School (18(58-
Cestius. Andresen, iii. 123 ; Larousse, vi. 72), Hall of Kreuzschule, Dresden. Mai-
784 ; Wurzbach, iii. 286. ler, 136.

DIETEKEN, C. (D. Cieteken?), flour- DIETRICH (Dietrici, or Dietericy),

ished about 1630. Dutch school landscape ; CHRISTIAN
painter in the manner of Gillis d'Hondecoe- AVILHELM
ter. Work Siege of Spanish Fortress in ERNST, born
:
;

the Netherlands (1630), Berlin Museum. in Weimar, Oct.

DIETERLE, Mme. MAEIE, born at Sevres, 30, 1712, died
France contemporary. Landscape painter, in Dresden,
;

daughter and pupil of R

van Marcke. April 24, 1774.
Medal, 3d class, 1884. Works Pasture in German school :
;

Normandy (1881) Le Pre-Caudron (1882) history, genre,

; ;
l

Road of Eambures, Farm-Yard (1884) and landscape painter, first instructed by his
;

Meadow of Monthieres at Morning, Old father, court painter in Weimar, then pupil in
Apple-Tree (1885). Dresden of Alex. Thiele, where by his great
DIETERLEIN. See Diellerlein. talent he won the life-long patronage of
'

DIETHE, ALFRED, born in Dresden, Count Brtthl, and attracted the attention of
Feb. 13, 1836. History painter, pupil of Augustus the Strong, who made him court
the Dresden Academy, and of Julius Hiibner. painter. Seeing the Italian painters in
Works Disciples at Einmaus (1860), Dres- Dresden preferred to him, ho went, in 1734,
:

den Gallery ;
at Elizabeth's Landing to Weimar, and did not return imtil
Mary ;

of Columbus San Salvador Luther post- 1742. In 1743 the Elector sent him to
at ;

ing his Theses Lorenzo de' Medici Elector Italy, where, in Venice and Rome, he stud-
; ;

Augustus and Electress Anna of Saxony ied the Dutch and Flemish masters, above;

Allegorical Figures of Mathematics, Natural all, Rembrandt, Ostade, and Poelenburg is ;

Science, History, and Geography. Mailer, noted for his special talent for reproducing
136. the individual style of other masters. In
DD3TLER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born 1745 he was made inspector of the gallery,
at Solothurn, Switzerland, in 1804, died inand in 1765 professor at the Academy. He
Berne, May 4, Portrait painter, pu- was member of the Augsburg, Bologna, and
1874.
pil in Solothurn of Germann, studied for Copenhagen Academiea Works : Wander-
several years in Paris, then in Italy and ing Musicians (1745), National Gallery,
Geneva, and settled in Berne one of the London ;Nymphs Bathing, Woman taken ;

best modern portrait painters. Works in Adultery, Tribute Money, Hampton :

Burgomaster Wengi before the Canon Court Palace The Adulteress (1753), Lou- ; ;

Women of Brienz In the Artists' Book of vre Old Man's Head, Rocky Landscape
; ;

Zofing. Kunst-Chronik, ix. 658. with Hermit, Kunsthalle, Hamburg Annun- ;

DIETRICH, ANTON, born at Meissen, ciation (1760), Adoration of the Shepherds

Saxony, in 1833. History painter, pupil of (1760), Vienna Museum Lazarus in Abra- ;

the Dresden Academy, then of Schnorr ham's Bosom, 3 Landscapes, Old Piuakothek,
;

409
 DIETRICH
Munich Gallery 54 in Dresden Gallery smoking (1868); Young Mother's Visit at
; ;

Kepose in Egypt (1757), Entombment (1759), Home (1869); Italian Family Scene (1870);
Squirrel, Camera Obscura, 2 Italian Views, Educated Maid (1872) Master's Daughter ;

Hermitage, St. Petersburg others in Brus- (1873). Mtiller, 137.

;

sels, Brunswick, Cassel, Darmstadt, Bor- DIETTERLEIN, WENDEL, born in

deaux, and Milan Galleries. Left many Strasburg in 1550, died there in 1599. Ger-
etchings. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 192 Ch. man school history painter, mostly in
; ;

Blanc, Ecole allemande Brockhaus, v. 336 ;

fresco enjoyed great reputation in his time,
; ;

Kugler (Crowe), ii. 559 Larousse, vi. 794 and is said to have been the first to make
; ;

Meyer, Conv. Lex., v. 705. use of pastel The Dresden Academy has
DIETRICH, JOHANN FEIEDRICH, 176 original drawings by him. Works :

born at Biberach, Sept. 21, 1787, died in Calling of St.Matthew, Vienna Museum ;

Stuttgart, Jan. 17, 1846. History painter do., ; Amalien-Stift, Dessau Christ with
;

first instructed iu Stuttgart by the court

painters Heideloffand Seele, went in 1811 to

Munich, then to Rome, whence he returned
to Stuttgart in 1816. Two years after he
went again to Italy and was allied in Rome
Martha and Mary, Prague Gallery. Wolt-
to Cornelius, Overbeck, and Veit. After his
return in 1822 he executed a number of mann, Deutsche Kunst in Elsass, 314 M6- ;

decorative works for the court and was nard, L'Art en Alsace, 80 Nagler, Mon., v. ;

made professor at the art-school in 1833. 322.

He painted good portraits. Works Christ DIETZ, : FEODOR, born at Neunstetten,
at Emmaus (1816), Stuttgart Gallery ; Abra- Baden, May 29, 1813,
ham's Entry into the Promised Land (1823), died at Gray, Haute-
Royal Palace, Stuttgart St. Martin's Dream
; Saone, France, Dec.
(1834); Resurrection (1840), Catholic church, 18, 1870. History
Stuttgart; Nativity (1843); Christ on Mount and battle painter,
of Olives (1845). Frescos Scenes from :
pupil in Carlsruhe of
Myth of Bacchus (1826-28), Villa Rosen- Kuntz, then from
stein, near Stuttgart Visitation, Nativity,
;
1833 at the Munich
Adoration of Magi, Christ on Mount of Academy under Phil-
Olives, Crucifixion, Entombment, Resurrec- ipp Foltz adopted,;

tion (1838-39). Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 156 ; during a three years'

Larousse, vi. 795 Raczynski, ii. 478.
;
sojourn in Paris, the style of Horace Ver-
DIETRICHSON, MATHILDE (n6e Bon- net, under whom and Alaux he studied
neir), born in Christiania, July 12, 1837. and returned in 1839 to Carlsruhe, whence
Genre painter ; studied first in Christiania, he moved to Munich in 1843 took part ;

then in Dusseldorf (1857-61) under Mengel- in the campaign in Schleswig-Holstein, in

berg and Tidemand. In 1862 she married 1848-49, and was made professor of the art-
the art historian Dietrichson, and visited with school in Carlsruhe in 1862. He accom-
him Germany, where she studied in Berlin panied the German army in 1870 to France,
under Julius Schrader spent three years in
; where he died suddenly of paralysis of the
Italy settled in 1866 at Upsala, where she
; heart. Works Death of Max Piccolomini
:

won several medals visited, in 1869, Greece,

;
(1835), Carlsruhe Gallery Death of Pappen-
;

Turkey, Italy, and France, and studied in heim Gustavus Adolphus at Liitzen (1838);
;

Paris under Chaplin, then in Munich (1875- Margrave Ludwig of Baden's Victoiy over
77) under Defregger. Works: Old Man the Turks (1837); Baden Regiment at

410
 DIEUDOXNE
Montinartre in 1814 (1840) Baden Cavalry landscapes, tho latter very
;
successfully.
|

iu Battleon the Beresina (1842) the Four Allgeni. d. Biogr., v. 218.

;

Hundred of Pforzheim in Battle of Wimpf- DIEZ, WILHELM, born at Baireutli,

fen (1843) ; Before the Gates of Leipsic Jan. 17, 1839. Genre and battle painter,
(1846), Carlsruhe Art-Union ; Explosion of pupil of the Munich Academy for a short
Danish Man-of-War Christian Vlil. (1849), time under Piloty attracted attention first ;

Night Review of Napoleon I. (1853), De- by his illustrations to Schiller's Thirty Years'
struction of Heidelberg under Mela (1856), War. His genre pictures ore on a small scale
Carlsruhe Gallery Eleanor of Sweden be-
; in the manner of Meissouier. In 1872 he
side Coffin of Gustavus Adolphus (1857), became professor at the Munich Academy.
Carlsruhe Gallery Crown Prince Louis of
;
Works Marauders, Ambuscade (1873) :
;

Bavaria in Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, Bava- Travellers in 17th Century (1874); At the

rian Cavalry in Battle of Brienne, Attack of Sutler's (187C); Two Horsemen by an Inn,
Bavarians on Turks at the Siege of Vienna Horse-Market (1878) His Excellency trav- ;

(1862), National Museum, Munich Blttcher elling (1879); From the 16th Century, Pic-
;

crossing Rhine near Caub (1863); March nic, National Gallery, Berlin. Brockhaus,
to Paris in 1814, National Gallery, Berlin ; v. 341 ; Mttller, 137 ;
Zeitechr. f. b. K, xix.

Flight of American Family over the Susque- 130.

hauna (1867); Episode from Battle of Lang- DIGBY, Sir KENELM, portrait, Anton
ensalza (1867); Parade of Baden Division van Dyck, Windsor Castle. Another, half-
before King William Afterpiece to Battle length, National Portrait Gallery, London,
;

of Rossbach Meeting of German Cavalry

; By Anton van Dyck, Wingfield Digby,
after Battle of Hochstiidt. Allgeni. d. Biogr., Esq., Sherborne. Sir K. D. and family,
v. 209 Brockhaus, v. 339 Ulustr. Zeitg. half-length, figures seated.
; ;

(1871), i. 275 Kunst-Chronik, vi. 75 Reg-

; DIGBY, Lady VENETIA, portrait, Anton
;

net, i. 64. van Dyck, Earl Spencer, Althorp House.

DIEUDONNE, EMMANUEL DE, born Death-bed picture half-length, lying, as if ;

in Geneva, Switzerland, naturalized in iu sleep by her side a withered rose. ;

France contemporary.
; Figure and por- Painted in 1633, after Lady Digby 's death
trait painter, pupil of Cabanel. Medal (May 1, 1633). Replica, Dulwich Gallery.
:

3d 1881.
class, Works Fatma (1879); Head, 46.
:

'

Spectre of the Rose (1880); Tamerlane and DIGBY, Lady VENETIA, portrait, Anton
Bajazet (1881) ;
Bazaar at Cairo, Carmen van Dyck, Windsor Castle.
(1882); Jupiter and Juno (1883); Madame DIGNITY AND IMPUDENCE, Sir Ed-
Angot (1884); Guitar, Reve du Kief win Landneer, National Gallery, London ;

(1885). canvas, H. 2 ft 11 in. x 2 ft 3 in. An old

DIEZ, SAMUEL FRIEDRICH, born at bloodhound, of the Duke of Grafton's breed,

Neuhaus, Meiniugen, Dec. 19, 1803, died at and a little Scotch terrier looking out of the
Meiningen, March 11, 1873. Portrait, genre, same kennel. British Institute, 1839; be-
and landscape painter, pupil in 1822-25 of queathed by Jacob Bell in 1859. Cat. Nat
the Munich Academy ;
made court painter Gal.
in Meiningen in 1832. During his visits to DILLENS, ADOLF, born at Ghent, Jon.
the German 1821, died there in January, 1877. His-
courts, St. Petersburg, (1839), :

2,
Stockholm (1842), London (1841 and 1845), tory and genre painter, brother and pupil
'

Paris (1842), Brussels (1845), he collected of Hendrik D.; first works were historical,
his album of celebrities, compris- but later exhibited pictures illustrative of
European
ing 300 portraits. During the last ten years Zealand peasant life. Medals Brussels, :

of his life he painted also genre pictures and 1848, 1850, 1854 Paris, 3d class, 1855 ; ;

411
 DILLENS
Order of Leopold, 1862 ;
member of Amster- DILLIS, JOHANN GEORG VON, born
dam Academy, 1866. Works Five Senses,
: at Grilugiebing, Bavaria, Dec. 26, 1759, died

Sunday in Flanders (1848); Asking in Mar- in Munich, Sept. 28, 1841. German school;

riage (1849); Peruzzi painting Portrait of landscape painter, pupil of the Munich
dead Constable de Bourbon (1850), Bruges Academy in 1783-90; visited Switzerland and
in 1788 and was made inspector of
Gallery Courtship in Zealand, Taking Toll, the Rhine
;

Fair at (1854) Gossip at the the Munich Gallery in 1790.

West Capelle ;
Thence he ac-
Window Ball at Goes, Juggler, King Tour- companied Gilbert Elliot to Italy, then lived
;

naments, Taking Toll (1855); Marchand de during the war-times in Ansbach, and in
Complaintes, Farm Interior (1857) Summer 1805 visited Italy once more. In 1806 he
;

in Zealand Taking Toll at the Bridge, Win- accompanied the Crown Prince Louis to
ter in Zealand Skaters, Defeat of the Duke Paris and on a journey through Switzerland,
d'Alen9on at Antwerp in 1593, To be Warm |
France, and Spain, and in 1817-18 to Sicily,
when it is Cold (1862); Jeu de Banes; A As director of the Royal Gallery, after 1822,
he earned much credit through his arrange-
j

Zealand Wedding An Abuse of Confidence

; ;
'

Ballad SeUer Grief and Disorder ; Recruit-

;
rnent of the art treasures in Munich and

ing, Brussels Museum. Art Journal (1867), Nuremberg. Works View of Tegernsee,
:

69 Eramm, ii. 344.

;
View near Grotta Ferrata, New Pinakothek,
DILLENS, HENDRIK, born at Ghent, Munich Gallery Waterfall of Kesselberg, ;

Dec. 20, 1812, died in Brussels in 1872. View of Dietramszell others in Schleiss- ;

Genre painter, pupil of Maes-Canini. heim and Leuchtenberg Galleries, and Te-
Works French Trooper caressing his gernsee Castle. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 229
:
;

Child Capture of Joan of Arc Old Man Andresen, iv. 137; Brockhaus, v. 355.
; ;

counselling Youths Consecration of a DINET, (ALPHONSE) ETIENNE, born

;

Church Charles V. and the Swine-herd in Paris contemporary. History, portrait,

; ; ;

Charles V. at Antwerp Baptismal Cere- and landscape painter pupil of Galland,

; ;

monies in Russia (1828); Tavern Interior Bouguereau, and Tony Robert-Fleury. Med-
(1833); Laura and Petrarch (1834); Trium- al, 3d class, 1884. Works: Mother Clotilde
phal Entry of Philippe Auguste into Paris (1882); View from Rock of Samois, Phoebus
(1835). Immerzeel, i. 183. (1883) St. Julian the Hospitaller (1884)j
; ;

DILLIS, JOHANN CANTTUS, born at View of the Oued-Msila after Rain (1885).
Griingiebing, Bavaria, in 1779, died in Mu- DINIAS, Greek painter, date unknown ;

nich in 1856. Landscape painter, brother one of earliest workers in monochrome.

and pupil of Johann Georg von D., whom Pliny, xxxv. 34 [53].
he accompanied in 1805 to Switzerland, Ty- DIOGNETUS, painter, 2d century A.D.
rol, and Italy remained in Rome and re-
; Gave lessons in painting to Emperor Marcus
turned to Munich alone in 1807, but again Aurelius. Jul. Cap. Anton., 4, 9.

joined his brother on his journeys to Italy DIONYSIUS, Greek painter, of Colophon,
in 1808 and to Paris in 1815. Works View 5th century B.C. :
Equalled Polygnotus in
near Grotta Ferrata (1809), Schleissheim Gal- technical skill, but inferior to him in higher
lery; Outlook from high Alps near Neselau, qualities. Became a distinguished artist by
Stone Bridge near Audorf, Wood with Hunt- study rather than through natural gifts.
'

ers and Animals, Village on a Brook (1825); (^lian, V. H. iv. 3 Plut. TimoL 36). Aris- ;

Cows and Goats by Peasant's Cottage, Win- totle says (Poet. 2) that he painted men just
,

ter Landscape (1825); Two Views in Bava- like the originals, meaning probably that he
j

rian Alps (1826-27); Mountain Landscape was deficient in the ideal. According to
with Cattle. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 226 La- Pliny (xxxv. 37 [113]) he was called Anthro-
;

rousse, vi. 854. pographus because he painted nothing but;

412
 BlONYSirS
men ;
but some think that this should be Marchese degli Angeli to Lord
Walpole.
referred to the later Dionysius, the contem- Engraved by W. Sharp and L Sanders.
porary of Sopolis. Descr. of the Hermitage, 22.
DIONYSIUS, portrait painter, country un- DISGUST, Paolo Veronese, Cobham Hall,
known, lived in Rome 1st century ac.
Pliny England canvas, 5 ft. 10 in. square. A man,
;

says (xxxv. 40 [147]) that he and Sopolis nude, recumbent, is chastised by Cupid with
were the moat celebrated portrait painters his bow, while two women, one holding an
of their time and that their works filled the ermine, are hastening away. From Collec-
galleries. See laia. tion of Queen Christina of Sweden to Orleans
DIONYSODORUS, painter, of Colophon Collection ; valued at sale in 1793 at 150,
(Pliny, xxxv. 40 [146]). Probably identical sold for 44 guineas. Engraved by B. Audran.
with Dionysius of Colophon. Waagen, Treasures, iL 499 ; iii. 20 ; Cab.
DIONYSUS or Bacchus, pictures. See Crozat, ii. PI. 27.

Aristides, Ctesilochus ; Liber, see Echion, Ni- DISPUTE OF THE SACRAMENT,

dus. Raphael, Camera della
Segnatura, Vatican,
DIORES, painter, country unknown. Men- Rome ; fresco, arched top, H. 16 ft x 26 ft
tioned by Varro (do Ling. Lai, ix. 6, 12) in 8 in. !
The Triumph of Religion. God the
a way to lead one to suppose that he was Father, in a glory of angels and cherubim,
contemporary with Micon. holds the globe in one hand and raises the
DIRK VAN HAARLEM. See Bouts, other in benediction beneath, Christ seated ;

Dierick. between the Virgin and John Baptist, with

DISCEPOLJ, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, six saints, patriarchs, and prophets on each
born at Lugnano in 1590, died in 1600. side, seated upon clouds upheld by cheru-
Milanese school ; history painter, pupil of bim (left Peter, Adam, John Evangelist,
C. Procaccini. Works Adoration of Magi, David, Stephen, Jeremiah
:
(?); right Judas
Brera, Milan Purgatory,
;
S. Carlo, Milan ; Maccabaeus, George, Lawrence, Moses, James,
St. Theresa, Sta. Teresa, Como. Lanzi. Abraham, Paul); below Christ, the Holy
DISCOVERER, THE, William M. Hunt, Ghost and four angels bearing the Gospels ;

Capitol, Albany, N.Y. mural painting, demi- in lower part, the Eucharist on
;
an altar,
lune, H 15 ft x 45 ft. The Discoverer, full- round which are
1

grouped forty-three figures,

length, draped, standing, gazing on the set- popes, bishops, doctors of the church, and
ting sun, in a boat which is rising to a sea learned men, many of them portraits among
1

against a sunset sky ; behind him, Fortune, others Dante, Savonarola, and Fra Angelico.
i

full-length, nude and winged, holding the Painted in 1508. Called also Theology.
tiller with her left hand and trimming the Original studies in Windsor Castle Collec-

sail with her right at the prow is Hope, tion Stiidel Museum, Frankfort Collection
; ; ;

with one hand on the boat, the other point- Due d'Aumale, Chantilly and Louvre. En- ;

ing forward in front of her blind Faith, graved by G. Mocetto, Keller, Volpato, G.
;

her face buried in her arms, floats with the Ghisi, Aquila, Gantrel, and MochettL Va-
tide, while Science unrolls a chart at the side. sari, ed. Mil., iv. 330; Miintz, 320; Passavant,
Painted in 1878. Scribner's Mag., xix. 175. iL 73 ; Springer, 159 Kugler (Eastlake), ii. ;

DISCUSSION OF IMMACULATE CON- 427; Gruyer; Perkins, 115.

CEPTION, Guido Reni, Hermitage, St. Pe- DISTRAINING FOR RENT, Sir David
tersburg. To right, St. Jerome, with a book, Wilkie, William Wells, Esq., Redleaf can- ;

looks at the Virgin, who, dressed in white, vas. The sheriff taking an inventory of the
appears in glory with two angels SS. Am- ;
household goods of a cottager, to be seized
brose, Chrysostom, Basil, Augustine, and for rent. Sixteen figure* Painted in 1814 ;

Gregory are also represented. Sold by the bought by British Institution for GOO guin-
413
 DITSCI1EINER
eas. Engraved by Eaimbach. Heaton, DD7INO, EL. See Morales, Luis de.
Works of Sir D. W.; Mollett, 50, 62. DOBSON, WILLIAM, bom in Holboru
DITSCHEINER, ADOLF, bora in Vi- in 1610, died in London, Oct. 28, 1646.
enna, June 29, 1846. Landscape painter, Pupil of Sir Robert Peake, an obscure

pupil of the Vienna Academy under Albert painter and picture dealer ; learned to copy
Ziinmermann went in 1876 to Munich,
;
Van Dyck so accurately that the great mas-
travelled in the Bavarian Alps and North ter was attracted by him and introduced

Italy, and stayed for some time in

Istria and him to Charles I. After Van Dyck's death
on the Adriatic. Works Wood Interior, : he became sergeant-painter and groom of
Swamp in Sunset, View in the Eamsau On ; the privy chamber. He painted Charles L,
Shore of Lake Chiem, Vienna Museum. Charles H., Prince Rupert, and many other
Mailer, 138. notable personages. His Beheading of St.
DITTENBEEGEB, JOHANN GUSTAV, John Baptist is at Wilton House ; portrait of
born at Neuenweg, Baden, in 1799, died in Milton, Gatton House ; portrait of Cleveland
Vienna. History and portrait painter, pu- the poet, Bridgewater House ; portrait group
pil in Heidelberg of Rottmann and Eoux ; of himself and wife, Hampton Court ; por-
then from 1821 at the Munich Academy ; traits of himself, and of Sir H. Vane, Quarles,
visited Paris, where he studied for some and E. Porter, National Portrait Gallery.
time under Gros, and Rome until 1831, Redgrave F. de Conches, 36.
;

when he settled in Vienna. He painted DOBSON, WILLIAM CHARLES

mostly altarpieces in the manner of the old THOMAS, born in
German masters, also profane history and Hamburg, Ger-
allegories. Works Annunciation (1844)
:
;
many, in 1817.
St. Andrew converting the Russians Ave ;
History painter,
Maria St. Severin blessing Austria Ger-
; ;
pupil in London of
mania and Schleswig-Holstein (1850); Christ Royal Academy,
on Mount of Olives Knight Toggenburg; ; and of Charles
Venus going to the Bath. Meyer, Con. Eastlake; head
Lex., v. 771 Wurzbach, iii. 315.
; master in 1843-45
DIVINA TRAGEDIA (Divine Tragedy), of Birmingham
Paul Chenavard, Luxembourg Museum ; ,\ School of Design.

canvas, H. 13 ft. 1 in. X 18. The over- In 1845 visited Italy and Germany for sev-
throw by Christianity of the ancient relig- eral years. Has painted chiefly scriptural
ions. In centre, the new God expiring upon subjects ; many of his works have been en-
the Cross, which is upheld by the Father ; graved. Elected an A.R.A. in 1860, and
above, in the heavens, the Blessed, with R. A. in 1872. Works Hermit (1842); Paul :

Cherubim behind the principal group, on and Virginia (1843); Italian Goatherd (1846);
;

one side Adam and Eve, on the other the Witch of Endor (1848); Madonna (1850);
Virgin and Child, symbols of the Fall and Christian Pilgrim (1852) Charity of Dorcas ;

the Redemption below, Maia weeps over (1855); Christ going to Nazareth (1857);
;

the bodies of Jupiter-Ammon and of Isis- Der Rosenkranz (1859); The Child Jesus in
Cybele, while on the right and left are the the Temple (1866); A Crown to her Hus-
gods and mythical heroes of the ancient band (1872); Paul at Philippi (1873) Re- ;

world, overthrown and flying before the becca (1876); Waiting (1877); At the Mas-
new divinity. In the lower angle, at right, querade (1878); Venetian Girl (1879); Gold-
a segment of the world, on which is seen en Age (1882) Morning, Bianca Capello;

the city of Rome, indicates the place of the (1883). Art Journal (1860), 137 ; Sandby,
vision, Salon, 1869. ii. 344.

414
 DOBYASCHOFSKI
DOBYASCHOFSKI, FRANZ, born in Vi- DOES, JACOB VAN DER, tho younger,
enna in 1818, died there, Dec. 7, 1867. His- born in Amsterdam in 1654, died in Paris
tory painter pupil of the Vienna Academy
; in 1699. History painter, son of Jacob van
under Ftihrich and Kupelwieser, and soon der Does, the elder pupil of Karel du Jar-
;

became the most distinguished among Ftth- din and of Gaspard Netscher, and
finally
rich's followers visited Italy and Paris, and
; studied in school of Gerard de Lairessc.
afterwards was made professor at the Vienna DOES, SIMON VAN DER, born in Am-
Academy. Works The Flood (1835); St. sterdam in 1653, died at The Hague (?) in
:

John (1843); St. Boniface preaching the 1717. Dutch school son and pupil of ;

Gospel to the Germans (1844); Joseph re- Jacob van der Does tho elder, and scholar
lating his Dream, St. Barbara (1845); Em- of Adrian van de Velde. When young set-
peror Otto hunting with Leopold of Baben- tled at The Hague, and returned there after
berg (1846); Duke Albrecht lH. receiving visiting Friesland and passing a year in
his Firstborn, Cimabue discovering Giotto's England. Later he worked at Brussels and
Talent (1847); The Nun's Dream (1848); Antwerp. Painted landscapes with shep-
Faust and Margaret in the 19th Century herds and cattle also portraits. Works ; :

(1849); Duke Ernest the Iron saving Cym- Shepherds Reading (1706), Shepherdess
burgis (1850), Vienna Museum St. Ferdi- (1708, 1711), Maternal Love (1714), Amster-
;

nand, St. Joseph with Infant Christ (1851);

Roman Shepherd-Boy, St. Elizabeth giving
Alms, St. Ulrich. Fresco : Glorification of
Christ, Christ on Mount of Olives, Altlerchen-
feld chapel, Vienna. Allgem. d. Biogr., v.
277 ; Brockhaus, v. 277.
DOCENO. See Gherardi, Cristofano.
DOES, JACOB VAN DER, the elder,
born in Amsterdam
in 1623, died at The dam Museum. Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollan-
i. 187
Hague, Nov. 17, 1673. daise ; Immerzeel, Kramni, ii. 351.
;

Dutch school ;
land- DOLCI, CARLO (Carlino), born in Flor-
scape and animal ence, May 25, 1616,
painter, pupil of died there, Jan.
Nicolas Moyaert, but 17, 1686. Floren-
strongly influenced tine school ;
stud-
when Rome by Pie-
in ied with Jacopo Vig-
ter van Laar. Ho was nali, a pupil of
one of the founders of the guild of painters Matteo RossellL A
at The Hague (1656). Works The Little prolific, though very :

Shepherds (1655), Brussels Museum Land- careful, painter, who ;

the great- /'

scapes with Sheep (3, two dated 1661, 1668), bestowed
Copenhagen Gallery do. (1), Cassel Gal- est labour
;
and pains even upon tho least im-
lery Landscape
;
with Cattle, Brunswick portant parts of his pictures. His subjects
Museum Italian Landscapes (2), Old Pin- are always sacred, but his work is marred
;

akothek, Munich ;
do. (1657), Liechtenstein by an insipid affectation of religious feeling.

Vienna do., and Antique Fountain His sweetness is cloying and his devotion
Gallery, ;

Charles Blanc calls him the

(1662), Vienna Museum Replica of latter ; superficial
in Leuchtenberg Gallery, St. Petersburg. true representative of Jesuitical art. The
Ch. Blanc, cole hollandaise; Krauim, ii. 351. tone of his colouring is generally adapted to

41.-
 DOLPII

the character of his subjects, being always Modena, went to Rome and aided Annibale
soft and harmonious. Some of his female Carracci in the Farnese frescos. He soon
figures are better than any of his male sub- became d i s t i n -

jects.
He was the last of the Florentine guished as an ac-
school, as well in style and taste as in point
curate designer
of time. Among his best works are Mar- : and a true colour-
ist, and was em-
tyrdom of St. Andrew, Sleeping St. John,
Madonna, Christ in the Garden, St. Peter ployed in paint-
Weeping, Pal. Pitti,Florence Magdalen, ; ing frescos by
and Madonna appearing to a Monk, Uffizi, Cardinals Bor-
Florence ;
St. Cecilia, Salome, Dresden Gal- ghese, Farnese,
lery; St. John writing his Gospel, Berlin and Aldobrandini.
Museum ; St. Catherine, St. Cecilia, Magda- His increasing re-
. __ len, Her- putation excited the jealousy of Guido, Lan-
franco, and other painters, who treated him
with so much injustice that he returned to
Bologna, April 18, 1612. A month later he
went to Rome, but he did not settle there
until 1620, when Gregory XV. appointed him
enna Mu- painter and architect of the apostolic cham-
seum; Madonna, Magdalen, Munich Pinakot- In 1630, after the death of the Pope,
ber.
hek. Ch. Blanc, cole florentine ; Seguier, he went to Naples to decorate the chapel of
58 ; Wornum, Epochs, 356. S. Januarius in the Cathedral with frescos of
DOLPH, J. H., born at Fort Ann, N. Y., events in the Saint's life, but before they

April 18, 1835. Genre and animal painter, were finished he was so persecuted by the
pupil in 1870 of Louis van Kuyck in Ant- notorious cabal the painters Corenzio,
werp ; studied in Paris in 1880-82. He Spagnoletto, and Caracciolo that he wor-

spent several years abroad studying in Rome ried himself to death, or, as is suspected,
'

and painting on the continent. Elected an died of poison. Domenichino was rated in
A.N.A. in 1877. Studio in New York. the last century as only second to Raphael,
j

Works Knickerbocker Farm-Yard (1869) but, although a forcible and learned painter,
:
;
|

Parson's Visit, Beggars (1874) Landscape he was commonplace in invention and want-
;

and Cattle, Antiquarian (1876, Philadel- ing in ideality. His masterpiece is the
phia) Waiting for the Hunters (1879) Communion of St. Jerome, in the Vatican,
; ;

Grace before Meat (1880) The Antecham- where it has been ranked as a rival to
;

ber (1882) Choice of a Sword, Minstrel Raphael's Transfiguration. Other examples

;
:
:

Songs, The Reprimand (1883) Cat and Kit- Martyrdom of St. Agnes, do. of St. Peter
;

tens, Rat Retired from the World La Fon- Martyr, Madonna del Rosario, Bologna Gal-
taine's Fable (1884) A Princess, I can't lery Diana and Actseon, Magdalen, Venus,
; ;

Play with You (1885). Cupid and Satyrs, Pal. Pitti, Florence ;

DOMENICHINO (Domenico Zampieri), Portrait of Cardinal Aguccia, Uffizi Sam- ;

born in Bologna, Oct. 21, 1581, died in Na- son, Lucca Gallery Madonna with Saints, ;

ples, April 15, 1641. Bolognese school son Brera, Milan Guardian Angel, St. John
; ;

of a shoemaker pupil of Denis Calvaert, the Evangelist, Naples Museum

;
Adam ;

afterward of the Carracci at the same time and Eve, Pal. Barberini, Rome Diana and ;

with Guido and Albani, who became his in- Nymphs, Cumsean Sibyl, Pal. Borghese,
timate friend. After studying works of Cor- Rome Cumsean Sibyl, Capitol Gallery, ;

reggio and of Parmigiano at Parma and Rome Adam and Eve in Paradise, Triumph ;

416
 DOMEKIOO
Rome Charity, assistant, Bicci di Lorenzo. Ho used oil as
of David, Pal. Rospigliosi, ;

Dresden Gallery Susannah at the Bath, a medium, but it is certain that ho did not
;

Munich Gallery Hercules and Achelous, learn its use from Antonello da Messina, as
;

Hercules and Cacus, Herminia at the Shep- asserted by Vasari, since it waa known be-
herd's House, Holy Family, Adam and Eve, fore that time, and is mentioned by Cennini
David playing the Harp, Ecstasy of St. Paul, in his Treatise written in the 14th century,
St. Cecilia, Triumph of Love, Timodea be- and that he was not assassinated by Andrea
fore Alexander, Rinaldo and Armida, Louvre; del Castagno, as is stated by the same author,
Adoration of the Shepherds, Dulwich Gal- since he survived him four years. His Ma-
lery Tobias and the Angel, St. Jerome and donna with Saints, formerly in S. Lucia de'
;

the Angel, National Gallery, London; Cupid, Bardi, Florence, now in the Uffizi, is a light-
Hermitage. Among his frescos in Rome toned piece, of gay and well-fused colour,
are the Death of Adonis, Loggia of the Giar- and fair impasto, held by some to be painted
dino Farnese Martyrdom of St. Sebastian,
;
in tempera and by others with an oil vehicle.
S. M. degli Angeli; Four Evangelists, peu- & C., Italy, ii. 313 ; Vasari, ed. MiL, ii.
C.
dentives of the cupola S. Andrea della Valle; CC7, 683 Eastlake, Materials, 218 Lubke,
; ;

Two from life of St. Cecilia, S. Luigi As- ;

Gesch. ital. MaL, L 283.
sumption of the Virgin, S. M. in Trastevere. DOMINGO, J., born in Spain contem- ;

His finest frescos are, however, those at Grotta porary. Genre painter, pupil in Paris of
Ferrata near Rome, from the life of St. Meissonier, to whose works his bear strong
Nilus, and scenes from the Life of the Vir- resemblance. Works Halt at Inn, Card
:

gin in the Duomo at Fano. Malvasia, ii. Players, Stable Interior, Guard Room, W.
219 Lanzi, iii. 84 Ch. Blanc,
;
cole bolo- H.Vauderbilt, New York ; Cavalier and Dog,
;

naise Dohme, 2iii.; Kugler (Eastlake), iv. J. J. Astor, New York

;
During the Battle, ;

485; Richter, Cat. Dulwich Gal. (1880), Wm.

In a Spanish Cafe, Astor, New York ;

66. G.
Seney, Brooklyn; Spanish Stable with I.

DOMENICO DI BARTOLO, born at As- Donkey, J. C. Runkle, New York Return ;

ciano early part 15th century, died after from Pasture, Palette Club, New York Scene ;

1444. Sienese school. Vasari errs in call- in Cabaret Antiquary Guitar Player. ; ;

ing him a nephew of Taddeo Bartoli, but Mnller, 139.

he was probably taught in his school His DOMINGO Y MARQUfe, Don FRAN-
manner is Umbro-Sienese, deficient in order CISCO, bom
Spain contempo- in Valencia, ;

and balance, and marked by absence of per- rary. History painter began to exhibit in ;

spective. His earliest picture, Madonna and 1866, historical genre scenes and portraits.
Angels, dated 1433, is in the Siena Acade- Medals: 3d class, 1866; 1st class, 1871.
my; his latest is of 1444. His best work is Works An Event in the 17th Century The : ;

Madonna with Saints, in the convent of S. Calabrese (1866) ;

St Clara; Last Day of Sa-
Giuliana, Perugia. There are five frescos guntum (1871).
by him in the Infirmary of the Hospital, DOMINGUEZ Y SANCHEZ, Don MAN-
Siena. C. & C., Italy, iii. 52; Vasari, ii. 223 ; UEL, born in Spain ; contemporary. His-

Milanesi, Siena, 171. tory and portrait painter. Medals in 1866

DOMENICO VENEZIANO, born about and 1871. Works Faun (1866) Death of : ;

1390, died in Florence, May 15, 1461. Vene- Seneca (1871) Maja, Venetian Study ; San- ;

tian school. Birth and education unknown. cho Panza with the Duchess and her Ladies
Painted early in Perugia, and from 1439 to (1882) Agriculture (1884) Frescos in San ; ;

1445 in S. M. Nuova, Florence, where he Francisco el Grande. La Ilustracion (1882),

executed a series of frescos with the aid of i. 3 ii 346 (1883), L 91; ii. 163 (1884), L; ; ;

his apprentice, Piero della Francesca, and his 336.

417
 DOMINICK
DOMINICK, ST., Titian, Palazzo Borghese, the other holding gloves. Passavant says
Home canvas, half-length, life-size. Stand-
; painted about 1507. Engraved by G. Vitta.
ing, pointing upward with right hand. C. Muntz, 204 ; Springer, 499 ; Passavant, ii.

& C., Titian, ii. 419. 52.

DONI (Dono, Adone), TJmbrian school,
(1540-1572). Of Assisi, where he painted
in the lower Church of S. Francesco the Le-

gend of St. Stephen and other works. In

Perugia he painted about 1550 the Last
Judgment in S. Francesco Adoration of the
Magi, in S. Pietro and Julius
;
;

restoring m
to Perugia its Municipal Government in the
Hall of the Magistrates. An altarpiece by
him in the Duomo, Gubbio. Lanzi, i. 349 ;

Ch. Blanc, ficole ombrienne ; Burckhardt,

575.
DONI, AGNOLO, portrait, Raphael, Pa-
lazzo Pitti, Florence wood, H. 1 ft. 11 in.x
;

1 ft. 2 in. Half-length, seated near a balus-

trade, on which rests his left arm black ;

coat, red waistcoat, black cap, long hair fall-

ing on neck. Painted in Florence in 1506 ;

sold,together with the portrait of Maddalena

Doni, in 182G, by their descendants, to Leo-
pold II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, for 5,000
Donna Gravida, Raphael (?), Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
scudi. Cappelli, by G. Repi,
Engraved by
and in Rosini's History of Italian Painting. DONNA VELATA (Veiled Lady), Raph-
Vasari, ed. Mil., iv. 325 ; C. & C., Raphael, ael (?), attributed to Unknown, Palazzo Pitti,
i. 266 Gotti, Gal. di Firenze, 182 ; Gal. du Florence ; canvas, H. 2 ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. A
;

Pal. Pitti, iv. 92 ; Miintz, 201 ; Passavant, ii. beautiful woman, half-length, seated, seen
39 ; Springer, 85 ; Gruyer, Portraits, i. 97. three-quarters face, turned to left; hair part-
DONI, MADDALENA (Strozzi), portrait, ed and put back behind ears, and head
Raphael, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ; wood, H. partly covered with a veil, which falls grace-
1 ft. 11 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. Half-length, nearly fully on each side, enveloping right arm ;

full face, with hands crossed in lap dress necklace of black stones ; dress, a white
;

red and blue, a gold collar and chain, and plaited chemise, a low bodice trimmed with
pear-shaped pearl pendant. Same history gold, with white damask sleeve. Supposed
as above. Study in Louvre. Engraved by portrait of Raphael's mistress, Margherita ;

Delfini. Gal.du Pal. Pitti, iv. PI. 93; Mtintz, bears some resemblance to Madonna di San
141, 201 Springer, 60, 85 ; Gruyer, L 105, Sisto and to Fornarina in Palazzo Barberini.
;

and ref. above. Passavant, Miinder, Springer, Ruland, and

DONI, PAOLO. See Uccelli. others, consider this a genuine Raphael ;

DONNA GRAVIDA (Pregnant Woman), Gruyer, Burekhardt, and Bode think it a

Raphael (?), Palazzo Pitti, Florence wood, Bolognese picture, perhaps after an original
;

H. 2 ft. 2 in. x 1 ft. 8 in. Half-length, in by Raphael. Brought to Pitti in 1824 from
Florentine costume of 1500, wearing a cap, Villa of Poggio Reale. Engraved by L.
and a golden chain about her neck one Griiner; D. Chiossoue; W. Hollar, in reverse,
;

hand, adorned with rings, resting in her lap, from a copy. Vasari, ed. Mil, iv. 355 Miintz, ;

418
 DONNEB
536 ; Passavant, ii. 276 ; Springer (Dohme Florentine school ; son of Francesco d' An-
2ii.), 251; Art Journal (1882), 1. tonio di Jacopo, bailiff
(donzello) of the Sig-
DONNEB, OTTO, born in Frankfort, noria of Florence. He and his brother Poli-
May 10, 1828. History painter, pupil of to, or Ippolito (born in Florence in 1455,
the Stildel Institute until 1847, then in and apprenticed to Neri de' Bicci in 1469-
Paris of Delaroche, and in Munich of 71) were companions in that painter's studio,
Schwind. Visited Italy in 1852, and in 1862 Florence, as kte as 1480. Several panels of
went again to Paris to study under Couture doubtful authenticity in the Naples Muse-
;

practised for some years portrait painting um, as well as the wall paintings in the ex-
there and in London assisted in 1866 in the refectory of S. Maria Nuova (probably by
;

painting of Schwiud's frescos in the Vienna an Umbrian master) are attributed to them.
De' Domenici, who makes the Donzelli
Neapolitans and pupils of Colantonio del
Fiore and Andrea Solario, is unreliable.
Vasari, ed. Mil., ii. 485 ; Burckhardt, 613 ;

C. &C., N. Italy, i. 102 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole

napolitaiue.
DOPPLER, KARL EMIL, bora at

Schnepfenthal, Gotha, March 8, 1824. Genre

painter ; devoted himself at first, from 1844,
to architectural painting, lived then for sev-
eral years in New York, as illustrator, and
returned in 1859 to study genre painting in
Munich under Piloty. In 1860-70 he was
in Weimar, as costume-draughtsman for tho
theatre and teacher at the art-school, and in
1870 settled in Berlin. Works: Ambus-
cade in time of Henry HI. The Widow of
;

Sadowa The Secret, Duchess Maria Anna

;

and Duke Charles of Zweibrtlcken, National

Museum, Munich ; The Four Main Festivals
of the Year. Brockhaus, v. 477; Muller,
140 ;
Ulustr. Zeitg. (1870), i. 176.
Donna Velala, Raphael (?), Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
DORtf, GUSTAVE PAUL, born in Stras-
Opera House, and was then for ten years in burg, Jan. 6, 1833,
Home, where he painted genre scenes from died in Paris, Jan.
Italian life and the antique world returned 27, 1883. History
;

to Frankfort in 1876. Works Ltttzow's Men

:
painter and de-
beside Korner's Body Satyr with Nymphs
; signer; original
resting after the Chase (18G3); Vintage at Dorer, name
Ischia Interior of Pompeiiau Winter Gar- changed by him
;

den ; The Forsaken, Campanian Tavern to French form. ;

Evening Scene before Herculaneum Gate Went to Paris ;

Portraits of Prince and Princess Scherbatoff, when fifteen years

Princess Bariatiusky, Emperor William old and began by
(1877). Mtlller, 139. contributing sketches to illustrated periodi-
DONZELLO, PIETRO DEL, bom in cals. Exhibited in Salon in 1848 pen-and-
Florence in 1451, died there, Feb. 24, 1509. ink landscape drawings, and in 1855 his first

419
 DOEEUR
oil picture,Battle of the Alma, which was ton, Painting in France Larousse Jarves, ; ;

followed in 1857 by Battle of Inkermann ;

Art Thoughts ; Perrier, Etudes, 153 Cla- ;

but he did not attract notice until 1863, retie, Peintres, etc. (1884), ii. 105 Bruno ;

when his Paolo and Franceses da Rimini Meyer, Studien und Kritiken, 92 Zeitschr. ;

drew the attention of the critics. Though f. b. K, i. 31.

he executed other ambitious works he too DOREUR, LE (The Gilder), Rembrandt,
often yielded to the temptation of multiply- William Schaus, New York canvas, H. 2 ft. ;

work at the of and fin- 5 in. X 1 ft 11 in. signed, dated 1646. Por-
ing expense thought ;

ish, and failed to win fame as an historical trait of a man about forty-five years old, face
None deny the wealth of his im- seen in a three-quarter view, with dark beard
painter.
agination, or the astounding facility
of his and moustaches wears a large slouched hat
;

hand, but those who best appreciate his and a brown jacket right hand in the breast
;

powers regret that they were not better di- of his vest. A masterpiece, of great bril-
rected. As a sculptor he possessed consid- liancy of colour. Painted in 1640. From De
erable ability. L. of Honour, 1861 Officer, Morny Collection.;
Gaz. des B. Arts (1863),
1879. Works Tobit and the Angel (1865), xiv. 292 Smith, vii. 121.
: ;

Luxembourg Museum ; Evening in the DORIA, ANDREA, portrait, Sebastian del

Country An- Piombo, Palazzo Doria, Rome wood, a lit-
of Granada, Savoy, Rebellious ;

gels Cast Down, Titans ( 1866)

Mountebank's tle more than life-size.
; Standing by a win-
Siesta, Andromeda, Tri- dow, on the stone sill of which are two gal-
Family, Neophyte,
umph of Christianity (1868); The Alps, A leys, symbols of his rank as admiral. Painted
Valley (1869); Alms, Savoy (1870); Alsace, about 1528. One of the finest portraits in
Massacre of Innocents (1872) Prayers, the world. Vasari,
;
ed. Mil., v. 576 C. & ;

Darkness or Night of the Crucifixion, The C., N. Italy, ii. 346 Burckhardt, 724. ;

Desert (1873); Christian Martyrs, Dream DORIGNY, LOUIS, bom in Paris in June,
of Pilate'sWife (1874); Dante and Virgil in 1654, died in Verona in 1742. French
the Seventh Circle, House of Ca'iphas, Vaga- school ; history painter, pupil of his father,
bonds (1875) Jesus Condemned (1876);
;
Michel D., and of Lebrun. Dissatisfied
Christ's Entry into Jerusalem (1877); Ecce with the verdict of the Academy, which
Homo, Moses before Pharaoh ( 1878) The As- ; awarded him the second prize in 1671, he
cension, Death of Orpheus (1879) Twilight, ; went to Rome, where he studied four years ;

Souvenir of Loch Corron (1880); Day Dream, then painted at Gubbio and Foligno, and, for
Vale of Tears, The Garry in Perthshire, Val- ten years, in Venice. Married there, and
ley in the Alps (1882). Illustrations of settled in Verona visited Paris in 1704, and
;

books : Rabelais (1854) ; Wandering Jew Naples in 1706, on his return to Verona,
(1855); Balzac's Contes drulatiques (1862); whence he was called to Vienna in 1711 by
Dante's Inferno (1861) Attala, Don Quixote Prince Eugene to decorate his palace
; ;

(1862); Bible (2 vols., 1865-66); Paradise painted also in Prague. Excelled as a fresco
Lost (1866); La Fontaine's Fables (1867); painter. Works Susanna at the Bath, :

Tennyson's Idyls of the King (1867-68); Bordeaux Museum Two Miracles of St. ;

Hood's Poems (1870); Baron Davillier's Es- Zeno, Daniel justifying Susanna, Annuncia-
pagne (1873); Coleridge's Ancient Mariner tion, College Church, Verona Dream of ;

(1876) Enault's London (1877) Ariosto's Maccabseus, Scenes in Life of Louis de Gon-
; ;

Orlando Furioso (1879) Poe's Raven (1883). zaga, S. Sebastino, ib. St. Christopher car-
; ;

Portfolio (1883), 64 L'Art (1883), i. 115

; rying the Child Jesus, S. Eufemia, ib.; Rape
;

Gaz. des B. Arts, Dec., 1883 Chronique of Sabines, Combat of Horatii and Curatii,
;

des Arts, 1883; Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. Palazzo Giusti, ib. Theological and Cardi-
;

390; Kuust-Chronik, xviii. 320; Hamer- nal Virtues, Palazzo Pelegrini, ib. Feast of ;

420
 DORIGNY
Bacchus, Four Quarters of the Globe, Ve- inspector of the Royal Gallery, in 1815 mem-
nus and the Graces, several others, Palazzo ber of the Hanau, in 1820 of the Vienna and
Allegri, ib.; Frescos in Palazzi Spolvariui, Berlin, and in 1824 of the Munich academies.
Murelli, and others, ib.; do. in S. Silvestre, Works Views of : Laudshut and Munich ;

Venice ;
in Jesuits' Church, Palazzi Tron Environs of Paris
Rhine- Valley near Frei- ;

and Zeuobio, ib. do. representing Patron burg Rocky Landscape near Kochel Lake
; ; ;

Saints of Trent and their Martyrdom, Trent The Staubbach near Rtttli Waterfall over ;

Cathedral. i. 440;
Bellier-Auvray, D'Argen- Steep Rocks, Storm in Lech Valley, Land-
;

ville, Abr6ge, Dussieux, Les Artistes scape with Mill near Pasing, View of Walchen
v. 271 ;

fran<;ais :\ 1'etranger, 148, 521. Lake, New Pinakothek, Munich Gallery ;

DORIGNY, MICHEL, born at Saint- thirty-six Landscapes in Sculeissheim Gal-

Quentin (Aisne), in 1617, died in Paris, Feb. lery ; Wood-Path (1817), National Gallery,
21, 1665. French school ; history painter, Berlin. Broekhaus, v. 493 Nagler, Mon., ;

pupil of Simon Vouet, his father-in-law re- iii. 869. ;

ceived into the Academy in 1663, adjunct DORNER, JOHANN KONRAD, born at
professor in 1662, professor in 1664. Works Egg, near Bregenz, in 1810, died in Rome
:

Flora and Zephyr, Louvre, Paris History, genre, and portrait

Allegory,
;
in 1866.
Madrid Museum. pupil of the Munich Academy
Bellier-Auvray, i. 440. painter,
DORINDA WOUNDED,
Ouercino, Dres- under Cornelius went in 1835 to St. Peters- ;

den Gallery canvas, H. 7 ft 3 in. X 9 ft. 10 burg, where he painted mostly portraits, be-
;

in. Dorinda in the arms of Linco, who shows sides altarpieces, and was made member of
her wound to Silvio (Guarini's "PastorFido"). the Academy returned to Munich and went ;

Painted for Alfonso de Novellara bought in in 1855 to Rome, where he acquired repu-
;

1744 hi Madrid as a Correggio. Engraved tation through historical compositions and

j

by L. S. Lempereur. genre scenes. Works Madonna with St. :

DORNER, JOHANN JAKOB, the elder, John another picture with Saints, Munich ;

born at Ehrenstetten, Breisgau, in 1741, died Gallery. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 354 Broek- ;

in Munich, May 22, 1813. German school haus, v. 494. ;

history and genre painter, pupil in Freiburg DOROTHEA. See Fornarina.

of Rosch, and from 1759 in Augsburg, of DOROTHEUS, Roman painter, 1st cen-
Ignaz Bauer visited North
; Italy and went tury A.D. Painted for the Emperor Nero a
to Munich, where, in 1762, he became court copy of the Veiius Anadyomeue of Ajtelle*

painter, and, after a visit to the Netherlands after the original

had become impaired by
and Paris, in 1766-68, inspector, and in 1777 time. Pliny, xxxv. 36 [9]. j

director of the Gallery. Works: Female DORPH, ANTON (LAURIDS JOHAN-

Storekeeper (1775), Old Pinakothek, Mu- NES), born at Horsens, Jutland,
Feb. 15,
nich Portrait of Artist, Augsburg Gallery
;
1831. History, genre, and portrait painter,
;

seven genre scenes, Schleissheiui Gallery. pupil of Copenhagen Academy

under Mar-
went to North and Paris in
Allgem. d. Biogr. v. 354 Broekhaus, v.,
493. strand
; Italy I
;

DORNER, JOHANN JAKOB, the where he studied for a few months

young- 1854,
born in Munich, 7, 1775, died there, under Couture visited Holland, France, and
er, July ! ;

Dec. 14, 1852. German school landscape Italy in 1859. ;

Member of Copenhagen '

painter, son and pupil of Johaim Jakob the Academy

in 1871. Works Peasant Girl :

Christ
elder, but formed himself chiefly through knitting (1854), Copenhagen Gallery ;

from nature took Claude Lorrain and on the Cross (1858); Fishermen at Sorrento
study ;

Karel du Jardiu for his models. He visited (1861); Street Scene at Sorrento (1862);
Switzerland and France in 1801-3, and after 'Christ with Martha and Mary, Si Ste-

his return was made restorer, and in 1808 phen's, Copenhagen ; Ascension, Trinity

421
 DOSSI

Church, ib.; Christ blessing the Children, Ferrara (1864), 530, 605; Liibke, Gesch.
ii. 387 ; Lermolieff, 136 Zeitschr.
HolinensChurch, ib. Give unto Caesar! Christ ital. Mai.,
;
;

and Disciples at Emmaus ; Young Wife f. b. K, x. 264, 269.

awaiting Husband's Return (1867);

Little DOU (Dov, Dow, Douw), GERARD, born
Girls playing in the Downs (1868), Catch- at Leyden, April 7,

1613, died
ing Homfish (1880), Copenhagen Gallery.
there,

Sigurd Muller, 79 Weilbach,

135.
;
buried, Feb. 9,

BATTISTA. See Dossi, Giovanni. 1675. Dutchschool;

DOSSI,
received first in-
DOSSI, GIOVANNI Giovanni (
di Lutero,
called Dosso Dossi), struction in draw-
born at Dosso, near ing in 1622 from
about 1749,
Ferrara, the engraver Bar-
died at Ferrara in tholomeus Dolen-
1542. Lombardo-Fer- do, in 1 624 appren-
rarese school ;
scholar ticed to the glass
of Lorenzo Costa ;
be- painter Kouwenhoven, and in 1628 entered
came a favourite of Rembrandt's studio, where he remained
Duke Alfonso I. of three years. To Rembrandt he owed his
whom
he harmonious treatment of the chiaroscuro
Ferrara, for
painted a large picture, and an altarpiece, and depth of colour,
but his careful and
Cathedral of Ferrara, representing St. Bar- delicate touch, which, especially in his por-
tholomew and St. John at Patmos (1527). traits, is incalculably minute, precluded the
Many of his works, in the Ducal Palace at free and energetic treatment of his master.
Ferrara, were destroyed by fire in 1718. Choosing his subjects mainly from the nar-
His brother Battista (died 1548), a noted row circle of the family life of the middle
landscape painter, assisted him in painting and lower classes, he frequently represented
the Labours of Hercules, in the Cortile of them at dusk or by candlelight, with mas-
this palace, a Madonna with Saints (1522), terly skill "Works : Poulterer's Shop, Ar-

Cathedral at Modena, and frescos in the tist's Portrait, Artist's Wife, National Gal-
Castle at Trent, now destroyed. London; Girl scouring Pan, Girl
Ariosto, in lery,
the Orlando Furioso (xxxiii. 2),
mentions chopping Onions, Grocer's Shop, Old Woman
the brothers together with Leonardo da watering Flowers, Portrait of Old Man,
!

Vinci, Mantegna, and Gian. Bologna. Dosso Buckingham Palace Violin Pkyer (1637),
|
;

Dossi said to have spent six years in Home Artist's Portrait, Bridgewater Gallery ; Vil-
is

and five in Venice. Other works Annun- lage Lawyer, Old Couple with Hurdy-Gurdy,
:

ciation, Madonna with Saints, Ferrara Gal- Earl of Lonsdale,

Lowther Castle ; Hermit
lery ;
Florence Praying, Old Man in a Cellar, Ashburton
Bacchanal, Palazzo Pitti, ;

Diana and Endymion, One of the Collection Young Girl at Window convers-
Justice, ;

Hours, Peace, the Four Doctors of the ing with Boy, Man teazing with a lighted
Church, a Dream, and Judith, Dresden Gal- Candle Old Woman asleep, Hope Collection; \

lery ; Circe, Palazzo Painter in his Room writing, Baring Col-

Borghese, Rome ;
St. lection,London; Lady playing Virginal, Dul-
Sebastian, Brera, Mi- wich Gallery Dropsical Woman, Reading
;

lan. Vasari, ed. Mil., the Bible, Cook-Maid, Greengrocer, Tram-

v. 96 ; Baruffaldi, Vite peter and 7 others, Louvre; Le Menage,
degli Artifici Ferraresi Young Woman with a Lamp at Window (2),

(Taddei, 1844); Seguier, 59 Rio, Art. Chre- Hermit (2), one dated 1664, Portrait Fig-
;

tien, iii. 445 Cittadella, Notizie relative a ures in Landscape by Berchem, Old Woman
;

422
 DOUCET
fishing (1053), Evening School, National GERAERT,
born at Liege, in 1594, died
Museum, Amsterdam Old Lady in Fur, there in
; Flemish school ; history and 1660.
Old Warrior, Cassel Gallery Artist's Por- portrait painter, pupil of Rubens.
; Wont
trait, Astronomer (1657), Old Man reading, in 1614 to Italy, where he devoted himself
Brunswick Museum Penitent Magdalen so entirely to tho study of the great Italian
;

(1638), Old Woman, The Store Koora, Ber- masters that the influence of Rubens is trace-
lin Museum; Artist drawing in a Book, Ar- able only in the warm flesh-tones of his well-
tist before Easel, Girlplucking Grapes, drawn portraits. He returned home in 1622.
Artist playing Violin, Schoolmaster cutting Works Pope Nicholas V. at Grave of SL :

Pen, Dentist, Hermit Praying, Young Girl Francis, Finding of Cross by Empress He-
watering Plant, Still Life, and 11 others, lena, Two Portraits (one dated 1624), Old
Dresden Gallery ;
Painter before Easel Pinakothek, Munich ;
Christ appearing to
(1649), Charlatan (1652), Maid with Lan- Apostles, ;
Augsburg Gallery. Biog. nai de
tern at Window (1658), Artist's Portrait Belgique, vi. 150 ; Michiels, x. 118.

(1663), Herring Seller (1667), Hermit in DOUGHTY, THOMAS, born

in Philadel-

Prayer (1670), ten others, Old Pinakothek, phia, July 19, 1793, died in New York, July
Munich; Physician (1653), Old Woman 24, 1856. Landscape painter, self-taught 1

watering Flowers, Vienna Museum Man Began the practice of art in

1820, after which
;

Beading, Woman
examining Money, Physi- he painted successfully in London, Paris,
cian and Old Woman, Herring Seller, Wo- and the United Statea Works Scene on :

man winding Yarn, Artist with Violin, Her- the Susquehanna Old Mill Delaware ; ;

mit,Young Man Reading, Nude Girl beside Water-Gap Peep at the Catskills View ; ;

Water, Young Woman about to Bathe, near Paris View on the Hudson Land- ; ;

Young Man about to Bathe, Hermitage, St. scape (Boston Athenaeum) Landscapes ;

Petersburg Artist's Portrait,

; Evening (Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia) Wind ;

Storm, Departure of Columbus from Palos,

G. Oov Mrs. J. Harrison, Philadelphia.
DOUILLARD, ALEXIS MARIE LOUIS,
5> '
/<O<?
born at Nantes, June 28, 1835. History
School, Cake Seller, Uffizi, Florence. At Nar- and portrait painter pupil in Paris of ;

ischkine sale (1883), Fish Merchant, 50,000 Hippolyte Flandrin, Gleyre, and Gerome.
fr.
; Frugal Re- Medal, 3d class, 1H78. Works Christ on :

past 13000 the Cross (1875), Palais de Justice, Paris ;

fr. Kugler Death of St. Louis (1881) Death of tho ;

First-born Education of the Virgin

(Crowe), ii. / (1883) ;

Ch. Church of Paimlxjeuf Portraits

205; Blanc, C>(?V, (1884), ;

Ecole hollan- (1885).

daise ; Schnaase, Niederlandische Briefe ; DOUVEN, JAN FRANS VAN, born at
Allgein. d. Biogr., v. 336; Dohme, liL; Im- Roennoude in 1655, died in Dftsseldorf in

merzeel, L 190 ; Kramm, ii. 359 ;

Art Jour- 1727. Flemish school ; portrait painter,
nal (1881), 102 ; Wedmore, pupil of Gabriel Lambertin. Called to D(ls-
152.
DOUCET, LUCIEN, born in Paris; con- seldorf by the Elector Johann Wilhelm, who
temporary. Figure and portrait painter, pu- took him to Vienna and
recommended him
pil of J. Lefebvre and G. Boulanger. Medal,
to the Emperor Leopold. Having success-
3d class, 1879. Works: Adam and Eve fully painted the portraits of the Emperor
Portrait Portraits and Empress, he received many orders from
(1877); Atala, (1878);
do. (1880, 1882) Hagar (1883). royal personages and nobles.
His portraits
(1879) ; ;

DOUFFET (Doufeet, Doofeet, Duffeit), of 3 emperors, 3 empresses, 5 kings, 7 queens,

 DOUW
and many princes are distinguished for col- Solimena. Returned to France in 1755, be-
ouring, conception, and likeness. Works came member of the Academy in 1759, and :

Susanna at the Bath, Bathsheba Bathing, professor in

portrait of Elector of Cologne, Cassel Gal- 1776. In
lery Portraits in Augsburg and Munich
;
1791 Catha-
Galleries, in the Uffizi (5), and in Pal. Pitti rine H. called

(5), Florence. him to St.

His son Barthol- Petersburg,
omeus (born where he was
1688) painted nominated
many portraits in his manner. Works :
professor at
The Three Graces, female portrait, Cassel the Academy
Gallery.Immerzeel, i. 193. andcontinued
DOUW. See Dou. in favor under Paul I. Works : Le Miracle
DOUZETTE, LOUIS, born at Triebsees, des Ardents, Roch, Paris Death of St.
St. ;

Pommerania, in 1834. Landscape painter, Louis, St. Eustache, Paris Triumph of Am- ;

pupil in Berlin of Eschke ;

was at first a phitrite, Louvre ;
Portrait of Crebillon,
house painter for then painted Rouen Museum Study of a Head, Nantes
five years, ;

flowers and small landscapes. In 1864 he Musem Adoration of the Magi, Darmstadt ;

visited Rtigen and the Baltic coast, and in Museum Virginia killed by her Father in ;

1865 Sweden. Works Miller's Farm by the presence of Appius Claudius, Parma
:

Moonlight, Midnight Sun at Tornea, Moon- Museum Andromache and Astyanax, in :

light Night in Winter (1865); Village Smithy Parma Triumph of Metellus, Andromache, ;

in Winter, Landscape near Soderham, Swed- . D o m e d

i

ish Coast by Moonlight (1866) Farm-House

after Storm, Moonlight on Ruins, Landscape
;

J Y '
Fighting
(Prince Yous-
in the Mark, At Forester's House (1867-68) ; soupof) and ;

Winter Evening in the Woods (1875); Moon- others in Rus-

light on Mill-Pond, Dutch Canal by Moon- sia. Ch. Blanc, Ecole f ranjaise, ii. ;
Bellier
light, Wood-Hut at Moonrise. Meyer, de Chavignerie, i. 445 ; Lejeune, Guide,
Con. Lex., xviii. 252 ; Miiller, 142. iii. 82.
DOW (Douw), SIMON VAN, born in DOYEN, GUSTAVE, born at Festieux
Antwerp about 1630, died there after 1677. (Aisne), Dec. 29, 1837. Figure and por-
Flemish school landscape ;and animal trait painter, pupil of Bouguereau and of
painter master of the guild in 1654. Reverchon. Medal, 3d class, 1882. Works
; :

Works Cavalry Skirmish in a Landscape, Interrupted Reading (1875); Jealousy (1876);

:

Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna Horse and Contemplation (1878); The Lesson (1879);
;

Cattle Show, Schwerin Museum Landscape Musical Matine'e, Portrait (1880); Joan of
;

with Figures and Cattle (1671), Lille Muse- Arc, Bather (1881); The Old Woman (1882);
um. Van den Branden, 1036. On the Bank of a Brook (1883).
DOYEN, GABRIEL FRANCOIS, born DOYLE, RICHARD, born in London in
in Paris in 1726, died in St. Petersburg, 1826, died there in 1883. Water-colour
June 5, French school
1806. history ; painter and caricaturist ;
son and pupil of
painter, pupil of Carle van Loo obtained ; John Doyle (1797-1868), caricaturist. Is
the grand prize in 1746, and in 1750 went bestknown as a contributer of drawings to
to Rome, where he studied the works of Punch and as a book-illustrator, but has
Annibale Carracci, Lanfranco, and Pietro da also exhibited many water-colour drawings
Cortona, and thence to Naples, to study at the Grosveuor Gallery. Among those in
 DRAEGEB
1877 were : Dame Blanche, Ariel, Return of 1862. |

Honorary member of the Socivtu

Dragon Slayer, Witch's Home, Enchanted j
beige des Aquarellistes in 1866. Professor
Tree, Haunted Park, Fairy Rings, Kelpie in 1880, at the newly-created Art-school at
Stone, and Ha worth Rectory. Other works :
Breslau. Works Sylvan
: Ideal Landscape ;

Rose-Red and Snow- White, Fish out of Solitude ;

View
Rothwasser Val-
of Capri ;

Water (1878); Pied Piper of Hamelin, (

ley in the Riesengebirge ; View in the Eulen-

Peace or War (1879) Battle of Elves and ;
!

gebirge ; River Landscape in Silesia Flat ;

'

Frogs (1880) Sailor and Monkeys, Tri-

;
Country on the Oder with Landing River ;

umphal Entry of the Queen (1881) Welsh ;

;
Landscape in Midsummer. Kunst-Clirouik,
Legend (1882); Home of Charlotte Bronte, xviii. 362.
Schwein-General of Nassau (1883). DREUX, ALFRED DE, bora in Paris
DRAEGER, JOSEF ANTON, bora at in 1812, died in March, 1860. Genre and
Treves in 1800, died in Rome in 1843. portrait painter, pupil of Leon Cogniet.
History painter, pupil in Dresden of Ku- Became known chiefly through his hunting-

gelgen ;
went in 1821 to Italy and settled in pieces and animated though exaggerated rep-

Rome, where he painted religious and his- resentations of horsea Medals: 3d class,
torical subjects with unusual glow and bril- 1834; 2d class, 1844, 1848; L. of Honour, 1857.
liancy of colour, in imitation of the Vene- Works Interior of a Stable, Colt jumping
:

tian masters. Works St. Matthew (1820); a Ditch (1831) Alone

:
;
at the Rendezvous;
St. Cecelia ;
The Shepherds The two Ro- Race for a Kiss Lady
; ;
of the Castle (1847);
man Women at the Well, National Rich and Poor, Breakfast too Hot, Dog and
;
Moses
Gallery, Berlin. Brockhaus, v. 519. Cat, Intimacy, The Return, The Death, Mar-
DREBER, FRANZ, born in Dresden, tyrdom of St. Hippolytus, Battle of Baugu,
Jan. 9, 1822, died at Articoli di Campagna, Hunting with a Falcon, Time of Charles
Rome, Aug. 3, 1875. Landscape painter, VH., Imperial Guard (1855) Portrait* of ;

pupil of Dresden Academy and of the Duke of Nemours on horseback, of

the
Ludvvig Richter went in 1841 to Munich Napoleon HL and others. Ch. Blanc,
;
Ecole
and later to Rome, where he settled, visit- fran<;aise Lejeune, Guide, iii. 82 Gaz. des ; ;

ing Germany 1850-51

only temporarily in B. Arts (1860), v. 26.
and 1866. His name was really Karl Hein- DROLLING, MARTIN, born at Ober-
j

bcrgheim, near Colmar, baptized Sept 19,

rich, but he called himself Franz after his
1752, died in Paris, April 16, 1827.
uncle and signed his pictures with that Genre
name. Works: Ravine with bathing Nymph formed himself without a teacher
painter ; ;

Wood-Landscape Four Seasons, View in by studying the pictures of Dutch

;
mas-
the Campagna Sea-Shore with Nymphs ters, and painted a great number of fam-
; ;

scenes in the style of

Psyche crowned by Eros Ulysses by the ily and conversation ;

Sea Group from Saturn iau Age

;
Land- Greuze, which were very popular. Works:
;

Autumn in Sabine Interior of a Kitchen (1815), Louvre Brok-

scape with Diana's Chase, ;

Mountains, Nationtd Gallery,Berlin Good en Pitcher Curious Treasure Village Fam-

; ; ;

Samaritan (1848), Dresden Gallery; Sappho, ily hearing a Letter Read Good Samaritan, ;

Schack Gallery, Munich. Allgem. d. Biogr., Lyons Museum Little Commissionaire, and ;

v. 385 Kunst-Chronik, xi. 681.

;

DRESSLER, ADOLF, bom at Breslau,

March 14, 1833, died there, Aug. 7, 1881.

Landscape painter, pupil in Breslau of Ko-

of the others, M. Burat, Paris Little Girl Draw-
nig and of Resch, and in Frankfort
;

The
Stadel Institute under Jacob Becker after ing Going to Market The Farmer ; ;
; ;

a trip to the Tyrol, settled in Breslau in Good-Morning, Village Interior, Quilting

425
 DROLLING
with seum ; Ulysses carrying off Polyxena (1827);
(1795); Repentant Girl; Little Boy
Violin (1800). Ch. Blanc, tfcole fra^aise ; St. Surin (St. Andrew, Bordeaux) Death of ;

Jal., 507 ; Lejeune, Guide, i. 386.

Richelieu (1831); Marie- Antoinette taking
DROLLING, MICHEL MARTIN, born Communion (Expiatory Chapel in the Con-
in Paris, March 1786, died there, Jan. 9, ciergerie); A large ceiling in the Louvre
7,

1851. History and portrait painter, son representing

Law spreading its benefits over
and pupil of Martin D. then studied with the Earth
;
Christ among the Doctors,
;

Notre Dame de Lorette. Bel-

lier de la Chavignerie, i. 447 ;

Jal., 508 Larousse. ;

DROOCH-SLOOT (Droech-
Sloot, Droogsloot), JOOST
CORNELISZ, born in Utrecht
(?)
end of 16th century, died
after 1666. Dutch school. Ad-
mitted to St. Luke's guild,
Utrecht, 1616, its dean in
1623. Painted historical and
biblical subjects and land-

scapes, but principally village

festivals, which he enlivened
with a great number of figures.
Works :
Troops passing
through a Village (1645), Lou-
vre Kirmess (1649), Rotter-
;

dam Museum Duel between ;

Lieutenant Gerhards and M.

Briautes (1630), Vienna Mu-
seum; Pool of Bethesda (1643),
Brunswick Museum Replicas ;

in Antwerp and Berlin Muse-

ums Kirmess (1652), Dutch
;

Village (1652), National Mu-

seum, Amsterdam ;
Frozen
Dropsical Woman, Gerard Dou, Louvre. Canal in Holland, Hermitage,
David, and after obtaining the grand prize, St. Petersburg others in Museums of Ber-
;

studied in Rome. Returned to Paris, he lin, Dresden, Cassel, and Madrid. Archief.

painted scenes from sacred and profane his-

tory, graceful in composition, and correct
in drawing. Member of the Institute in
1833. He formed many excellent pupils
such as Breton, Chaplin, and Henner. His f
later and larger pictures are inferior to his v. nederl. Kunstgesch., ii. 254;
earlier ones. Medals 2d class, 1817 1st
:
; Burger, Musees, ii. 275 ;
Im-
class,1819 L. of Honour, 1837. Works
; merzeel, i. 197; Kramm, ii
:

Death of Abel (about 1810, one of his best); 371;DeStuers, 33.

Orpheus and Eurydice (gold medal, Salon, DROPSICAL (Femme hydro- WOMAN
1819); Good Samaritan (1824), Lyons Mu- pique), Gerard Dou, Louvre wood, H. 2 ft. ;

426
 DROST
7 in. x 2 ft. 1 in. In a lofty, handsomely Couston, Kcole des Beaux Arts
portrait of
.

furnished apartment, with a piece of rich Prince Dimitri Galitzin

(1762, engraved by
;

tapestry suspended from the ceiling and J. Tardieu) portrait of Gen. Duhamel ;

;
(en-
draped to one side, a group of four figures, in graved by Moitte); portrait of Beaudieu de
front of an arched window a sick lady Laval, dancing teacher of the
;
royal family ;

seated in a chair, her weeping daughter Mme. de Orleans Museum.

I
Pompadour,
kneeling at her feet and holding one of her Ch. Blanc, ficole francaise Bellier de la ;

hands, a female attendant offering refresh- Chavignerie, i. 448 Gaz. des B. Arts
I

(1881); ;

ment with a spoon, and a physician in purple Villot, Cat Louvre. :

silk robe,standing in foreground examining DROUAIS, HUBERT, born at La Roquo

a urinal. Purchased for 30,000 florins
by (Eure), May 5, 1699, died in Paris, Feb. 9,
the Elector Palatine, who presented it to 1767. French school
portrait painter first ; ;

Prince Eugene after his death passed to instructed

;
by an obscure artist in Rouen,
House of Savoy and placed in Turin Gallery, then by De Troy in Paris, and after the
j

whence transferred by French to the Louvre; latter 's death was much employed by Jean
on restoration of pictures in 1815 the French B. van Loo, Alexis Simon La Belle,
Oudry,
government redeemed it by payment of 100,- and Nattier. He painted the Marquise de
000 fr. Engraved by Fosseyeux Claessens Pompadour several times, and benefited
; ; i

by
Chataigner. Mus6e fran9ais Filhol, vi. PL her patronage.
; Works Portrait of the :

367; Smith, i. 32 Ch. Blanc, ficole hollan- painter Christophe, Kcole des Beaux Arts
; ;

daise.
portrait of the sculptor Lorrain, Versailles.
DROST, GERAERT, born about 1638, Jal, 508 Lejeune, ii. 286.
;

died about 1690. Dutch school ; pupil of DROUAIS, GERMAIN JEAN, born in
Rembrandt, and painted in his manner, al- Paris, Nov. 25,
though somewhat exaggeratedly. Studied J1763, died in
also in Rome. Works Decollation of John Rome, Feb. 13,
:

Baptist, Amsterdam Museum Noli me Tan- 1788. French

;

gere, Cassel Gallery ;

Man in Brown Coat, school ; history
Old Man instructing Argus and painter, sou and
Boy (?),

Mercury (?), Dresden Gallery Argus and pupil of Fran-

;

Mercury, Vienna Museum. Kramm, ii. 372; 9ois Hubert D,

Vosmaer, Rembrandt, (1868), 163. then studied
DROUAIS, FRANCOIS HUBERT, born withBrenet,and
in Paris, Dec. 14, 1727, died there, Oct. 21, in the school of
1775. French school portrait painter, son
; David, where in 1784 he obtained the first
and pupil of Hubert D. continued his stud- prize and aroused enthusiasm by his Christ
'

ies under Nonnotte, Carle van Loo, Natoire and the Cauaanite Woman. Went to Rome
with David and studied the antique and
1

and Boucher, was received into the Academy

in 1758, and later became court painter. Raphael, but died suddenly after a few years.
He painted the royal family and many of the Works Christ and the Canaanite Woman,
:

famous men and women of his time. Works: Marius in Prison at Minturnie, Louvre ;

Portraits of Comte d'Artois, afterwards Wounded Gladiator, Rouen Museum ;

Phil-
Charles X., and of Marie- Adelaide Clotilde, octetus in the Island of Lemnos, M. Goupil,
afterwards Queen of Sardinia (1763), Louvre; Paris Departure of Tiberius Gracchus to ;

portraits of Louis de Bourbon, Louis XVIH., demand the Execution of the Agrarian Low;
Louis XV., Mine. Dubarry, Comte d'Artois, portrait of Buffon, Narischkine sale (1883),
Mme. Clotilde, and the Edine Bou- 14,300 fr.; portrait of the Countess de Buf-
sculptor
chardon, Versailles Museum ; portrait of fon, do., 15,600 fr. Ch. Blanc, tfcole fran-

427
 DROUGHT
$aise Villot Lejeune, Guide, iii. 82
; ;
Gaz. ;
of L. Backhuysen. Painted sea-coasts, calms,
des B. Arts, Chronique, 1883. and storms with great truth, masterly aerial
DROUGHT IN EGYPT, Jean Frangois perspective, beauty of lighting, and breadth
Fortaels, Corcoran Gallery, Washington; can- and softness of execution. His sea-pieces
vas, H. 9 ft. x7
ft. 3 in. Illustration of Psalms, are frequently attributed to Backhuysen.
Ixxviii. Painted in 1873.
44. Awarded Works River Landscape, Coast Scene, Na- :

the gold medal, Exhibition at Crystal Palace, tional Museum, Amsterdam do., Palazzo ;

Sydenham, for the best picture, without re- Pitti, Florence Marine View, Duke of Bed- ;

gard to school or subject. Art Journal ford, London Calm, Cassel Gallery Dutch ; ;

(1874), 30. Men-of-War, Copenhagen Gallery Ship- ;

DEOVE AT THE FORD, William Hart, wreck and

Corcoran Gallery, Washington canvas, H. ;

4 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 2 in. A drove of cattle leav- Stockholm

ing a dusty road, at close of day, to cross a Museum;
stream overarched by trees. Painted in Marine
1874. Views (2)
DRUMMOND, JAMES, bom in Edin- Dresden Gallery. Kugler (Crowe), ii. 500 ;

burgh in 1S1G, died there, Aug. 12, 1877. Kunst-Chronik, xix. 424.

History painter, pupil of Sir Wm. Allan ;

ex- DUBOIS, AMBROISE, born in Antwerp
hibited first at 1835
Scottish Academy in ; in 1543, died at Avon, near Fontainebleau,
became an A.S.A. in 1846, and S.A. in 1852 ; Jan. 29, 1614. Flemish school ; history
curator of National Gallery, Edinburgh, in painter ; went to Paris in 1568, already an
1868. Works Return of Queen Mary to able artist, and was extensively employed by
:

Edinburgh after Surrender at Carberry Hill, Henry IV. at Fontainebleau, in the Louvre,
James I. of Scotland seeing his Future Wife and the Luxembourg. Works Charicles :

at Windsor, Porteous Mob, Montrose on enduring the Test of Fire, Louvre The- ;

Way to Execution, National Gallery, Edin- agenes and Charicles, Fontainebleau 14 ;

burgh Peace, War, Queen Victoria Old

; ; pictures in the Oval Room at Fontainebleau,
Cromwell in Edinburgh Claver- in which Louis XHI. was born (dated 1600).
Mortality, ;

house and Duke of Gordon (1865). Red-

grave.
DRUMMOND, SAMUEL, bom in Lon-
don, Dec. 15, 1763, died there in August,
1844. History painter, pupil of Royal
Ch. Blanc, Ecole franijaise Les Ar-
Academy became an A.R.A. in 1808 after-
; ; ; Fetis,
wards curator of painting school. Works : tistes beiges, a 1'etranger, i. 359 ; Jal, 509 ;

Woodman (1801); Drunken Seaman Ashore, Lejeuue, i. 408.

Crazy Jane (1804); Battle of Trafalgar; DUBOIS, CHARLES EDWARD, born

Death of Nelson Admiral Duncan receiving
;
in New York ; contemporary. Landscape
Sword of Admiral De Winter, Greenwich painter, pupil of Gleyre and Francais in
Hospital Portrait of Sir Isambard Brunei,
;
Paris. Sketched in Venice and Rome.
do. of Mrs. Fry, National Portrait Gallery ;
Works :
Cottages of Zeelaud, Village of
Portrait of Charles Mathews, elder. Red- Auvernier (1873); Windmill near Dordrecht
grave. Netherlands Willows at East Hampton ;

DUBBELS, HENDRIK, second half of (1876); Morning on the Prairie, Autumn,

17th century. Dutch school marine painter, Morning in Venice, Evening at East Hamp-
;

of whose life so little is known that he alter- ton (1878); Under the Olives at Mentone

nately passes for the master and the scholar (1884); At the Foot of Monte Pelegrinc

428
Palermo, Ruins of Greek Theatre at Taor- preparing for Mass (1857); The Storks (I860),
mina Sicily (1885). Brussels Museum Roulette, Choir-Boy ;

DUBOIS, FRANgOIS, born in Paris, May (1860); Solitude, Landscape with Dead Roe
11, 1790, died there, Feb. 8, 1871. History (1863); Rice-Eater (1872); Eva, Healthy
painter, pupil of Regnault and of the Ecole Country (1875); Billiard Player, The Scheldt,
des Beaux Arts won the 2d grand prix in Landscape (1878); Flemish Interior, The
;

1817, and the 1st grand prix in 1819. He Mill, Autumn in the Ardennes, Cranes and
was a careful painter in a style now out of Ducks, Sunset, Sunrise on a Swamp, The
fashion, but he received many orders for Meuse near Dordrecht Brockhaus, v. 606 ;

pictures from the Government iu his day. Meyer, Con. Lex., xix. 243.
Medal, 1st class, 1831. Works Theinisto- DUBOULEAU, JEAN AUGUSTE, called
:

cles with Admetus (1819); Clovis when a Dubouloz, born in Paris, Feb. 20, 1800, died
Child found by a Fisherman (1822), SL there, Aug. 23, 1870. History painter, pu-
Louis lauding at Damietta (1827), Amiens pil of Gros, and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts,
Museum ; Marguerite by where he made eight unsuccessful attempts
d'Anjou taken
Brigands (1833), Angers Museum
to win the grand prix.
; St. Luko
Medals 3d class, :

releasing the Prisoners (1827), St Leu, 1838 2d class, 1840. Works Louis XL ; :

Paris Death of Manlius, Young Woman of Hunting, Quentin Durward and Master
;
|

Albano (1831); Distribution of Colours to Pierre, Louis XI. 's Breakfast, Crillon's Pi-
the National Guard (1831), Coronation of ety, the Preacher of Poutoise, The Courage
Pepin the Short (1838), two portraits of of a Peasant of Pontoise during King John's
French Marshals, Versailles Museum The Captivity, Christ on the Mount of Olives
;

Annunciation, Notre Dame de Lorette Bap- (1824 to 1840); The Temptation, May (1857);
;

tism of Clovis, The Ascension of Christ (1859), The Invasion (1861); The Tempters, The
ordered by the State. Bellier de la Cha- Call to Wake Up, Blind Man's Buff (1863);
vignerie, i. 454 ; Larousse. The Pirates (1864); Vive les Brunes Vivo !

DUBOIS, GUILLAM, died in Haarlem, les Blondes

License destroying Liberty !

buried July 7, 1G80. Dutch school laud- (1865); The Swing, A Rural Offence (1866);
;

scape painter, whose manner is a mixture of Sick Child, Jugglers (1868); Group of Chil-
that of Ruysdael and Everdingen. Master dren (1869); Little Bathers (1870); and a
Haarlem in 1C46. His jour-
of the guild at number of portraits. Bellier de la Chavig-
ney through the Rhine provinces with Vin- iierie, i. 458 ; Larousse.
cent Laurensz van der Vienne, in 1652-53, DUBOURCQ, PIERRE LOUIS, born in

gave him subjects for numerous pictures. Amsterdam, April 25, 1815, died there in
Works Mountain Landscape, Berlin Mu-
: 1873. Landscape painter, pupil at Hilver-
seum another, Czernin Gallery, Vienna
; ; sum of Jan van Ravenswaay, and at The
another, Stiidel Gallery, Frankfort ; Village Hague of Andreas Schelfhout visited in ;

on Seashore, Baron Speck von Sternburg, 1836-37 Belgium, Germany, Switzerland,

Lutschena, near Leipsic View on Rhine, ;
North Italy, and France, in 1844-45 Italy
Dulwich Galley. Kugler (Crowe), ii. 481. and Sicily, and in 1846 Holland, England,
DUBOIS, LOUIS, born in Brussels in France, and Germany. Works View near :

1830, died there, April 28, 1880. Genre, Orleans Inundation

;
Lake Albauo Ro- ; ;

landscape, and animal painter, among the

'
man Campagna View on Isle of Jersey
; ;

most prominent followers of Courbet, though Cemetery at Baden, National Museum, Am-
1

not his pupil, and the foremost representa- sterdam View near Rome, Museum Fodor, ;

tive of the realistic school

Belgium. in ib. Mailer, 145.
Works strongly resemble those of Jacob DUBREUIL, TOUSSAINT, born in Paris
Jordaeus. Works : Trinitarian Monk, Priest in 1561, died there, Nov. 22, 1602. French
 DUBUFE
school ; history painter, pupil of Freminet ; Poetry and Music (1840); Tobias (1841),
worked for many years in Paris, Fontaine- Lisieux Museum ; The Three Cardinal Vir-
bleau, and St. Germain en Laye. Works : tues (1842); Bathsheba (1844); Morning
Jesus appearing to Mary Magdalen Descent ; Prayer (1844), Tuileries, Paris Prisoner of ;

of the Holy Spirit The Earth Fire.;

The ;
Chillon (1846), Aix Museum Sleep (1866); ;

History of Ulysses, at Fontainebleau, begun Prodigal Son (1867); Death of Adonis (1877).
by Primaticcio, was finished by Dubreuil. Portraits of his Wife (1842) Jules Janiu and
;

Ch. Blanc, ficole franchise ;

Larousse. Paul Gayrard (1846); Empress Eugenie
DUBUFE, CLAUDE MAEIE, born in (1855); Rosa Bonheur (1857); Congress of
Paris in 1790, died there, April 24, 1864 Paris (1857), Versailles Museum Princess ;

Genre and portrait painter, pupil of David. Mathilde, Duchess de Medina Creli, Marquise
He was the last of David's school, having all de Gallifet, Princess Ghika (1861) Robert- ;

with few of its good qualities but Fleury (1863); Gounod (1867); Gen. Fleury,
its faults ;

was as popular with the public as he was Comte de Nieuwerkerke (1869); Medje
abused by the critics. Medal, 1st class, (1872) Alexander Dumas, Jr. (1873) Phil- ; ;

1831; L. of Honour, 1837. Works Achilles ippe Rousseau (1876), Emile Augier (1876),
:

protecting Iphigenia Roman Family dying Luxembourg Museum.

;
Bellier de la Chav-
of Hunger (1810) Christ allaying the Tem- ignerie, i. 461
; Larousse, vi. 1,320 Miil- ; ;

pest (1819, St. Leu, Paris) ; Release of St. ler, 145; Meyer, Gesch., 390; Kunst-Chronik,
Peter (Chaillot) ; Apollo and Cyparissa xviii. 696 ; Vapereau.
(1822) ; Passage of the Bidassoa (1824) born in Paris ; DUBUFE, GUILLAUME, ;

Birth of Due de Bordeaux Genre and portrait painter,

(1824), Orleans contemporary.
Museum Regrets, Memorials (1837) The son and pupil of fidouard Dubufe student
; ; ;

Surprise (1828), National Gallery, London also of Mazerolle. Medals 3d class, 1877 ; :
;

Nest of Tomtits (1831) Republic (1849) 2d class, 1878.

; Works Study (1877) ; :
;

Bull and Cows (1852) Village Girls of Nor- Saint Cecilia (April, 1878)
; Music, Sacred ;

mandy, Girl Bathing, Birth of Venus (1859) and Profane (1882) A Nest (1884). ; ;

portraits of Louis Philippe, Queen of the Zeitschr. f. b. K, xvii. 376.

Belgians, General Montesquiou-Feseuzac, DUC. See Ducq.
Versailles Museum. Bellier de la Chavig- DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, born in
nerie, i. 461. Siena about 1260, died after 1339. Sienese
DUBUFE, EDOUARD, born in Paris in school the earliest great painter of Siena, ;

1818, died in Ver- where he is first heard of in 1282. In 1285

sailles, Aug. 11, he was in Florence, as records show that he
1883. History and then contracted to paint an altarpiece of the
portrait painter, Madonna for S. M. Novella, probably never
son and pupil of executed, and in the autumn of that year at
Claude Marie, stud- Siena, where he was appointed to fill an
ied afterwards un- office, which he held until 1291. In 1301
der Paul Delaroche he began a Majesty for the chapel of the ;

between 1841 and Public Palace of Siena, of which no record

1846 he painted re- remains, and seven years later commenced
ligious pictures, but for the Duomo the famous altarpiece by
later confined him- which he is best known. In 1310 it was
self to portraits. Medals : 3d class, 1839 ;
carriedby the rejoicing people in procession
2d class, 1840, 1855, 1878 ;
1st class, 1844 ; through the streets to be installed in its
L. of Honour, 1853 ; Officer, 1869. Works :
i
destined place. The panel, on one side of
Annunciation (1839); Miracle of Roses (1840) ;
which was painted the Virgin enthroned

430
 DUCIIATEL
with Saints, Bishops, and Angels, and on the (attributed to
Teniers) Portrait of Flem- ;

other the Passion in twenty-eight subjects, ish Nobleman, Berlin Museum. i

Biog. nut.
was afterwards divided, and the parts hung de Belgique, vi. 224 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole
one at each end of the transept Preserving flamande '

Gaz. des B. Arts (18G2), xiL 5, ;

traditional types, Duccio gave the Madonna J24Z

the hitherto unknown and afterwards char- DUCHET. See Dughet.
acteristic grace of Sienese Madonnas, and DUCIS, LOUIS, born in Paris, NOT. 1,
treated attitudes, draperies, and proportions 1773, died March 2, 1847. French school ;
with a then novel approach to correctness. history and portrait painter, pupil of David ;

The scenes from the Passion show the same also studied in Italy. Medal, 1st class,
clinging to past forms, the same effort to 1808 L. of Honour, 1832. Works Hero ; :

follow nature, and convey a like impression and Leander, Orpheus and Eurydice, Origin
of life and power imperfectly realized. The of Painting (1808) Pyramus and Thisbe ;

few other works of this remarkable painter (1810, 1812); Tasso reading his Jerusalem
are two pictures of the Madonna with Saints Delivered, Captivity of Tasso (1814) Death ;

in the Siena Academy a Crucifixion, Ma- of Tasso (1817); The Arts influenced by Love
;

donna, and other subjects, belonging to the (4), Mary Stuart, Sculpture (1822); Bianca
Queen of England a Madonna with Angels, Capello and her Lover in Flight (1824);
;

Prophets, and Saints, National Gallery, Lon- Captivity of Jeanne d'Arc (1831); View of
don and the Preaching of St. John Bap- Paris from Pontneuf (1838); Mary Stuart
;

tist, and SS. Peter and Paul, Kambona Col- and Rizzio, Portraits, Aix Museum Van ;

lection, Cologne. C. & C., Italy, i. 40 Va- Dyck painting his First Picture, Lyons
;

sari, ed. Mil., i. 653; Burckhardt, 491; Museum. Bellier de la Chavignerie, L 465.
Dohine, 2i. ; Sienesische Malerschule ;
L'Art DUCK (Due, Le Due, Van Duck), A J.,

(1878), iii. 151; Liibke, Gesch. ital. MaL, i. flourished about 1630-50, probably at Haar-
99.
DUCHATEL (du Chastel), FRANS, born lem. Dutch school; genre and portrait paint-
in Brussels in er; formed himself under the influence of Dirk
1616 or 1625, Hals hitherto erroneously identified with
;

died there in Jan le Ducq, the animal painter. Works :

1694. Flemish Guard-room, Marauders, Louvre Stable, ;

school; genre Portrait of an Officer (attributed to A. Pala-

and portrait medes), Museum, Amsterdam
National ;

painter, pupil Gotha Museum three, Old

five pictures, ;

and imitator of Pinakothek, Munich Foraging Soldiers,;

Teniers the Berlin Museum two portraits, Dresden

;

younger. A so- '

Gallery; do., Worlitz Gallery Portrait of ;

journ in France J.Asselyn, Stadel Gallery, Frankfort ; Pict-

brought him un- ures in Carlsruhe, Cassel, Stuttgart, Wei-
der the influence of Van der Meulen. Good mar, Meiningen (2), Aschaffenburg, Schwe-
draughtsman and colourist. Works: Por- riu (2), Copenhagen (2), Hamburg Galler-
traits of a Cavalier and two other Persons, ies ; do., Museum and Academy, Vienna ;

Louvre ; Charles H of Spain receiving

Trictrac Players, three others, Liechtenstein
Gallery, ib.; one at each, Czerniu and
Schonborn National Mu-
f ^> Galleries, ib.
seum, Pesth four, Hermitage, St Peters-
burg. Bode, Studien, 133 Burger, Mu-
;
; do.,

Homage (1668), Ghent Museum ;

Panorama sees, ii. 245 Kramm, ii. 377 Meyer, Ge-
; ;

of Valenciennes (1656), Antwerp Museum malde kongL Mus., 127.

431
 DtfCKER

DUCKER, EUGEN (GUSTAV), born at at Ledeghem, West Flanders, Sept. 10,

Arensberg, on the Isle of Oesel, Livonia, Feb. 1762, died in Bruges, April 9, 1829. Flem-
10, 1841. Landscape and marine painter, ish school history and genre painter, pu-
;

pupil of St. Petersburg Academy; obtained pil of Bruges Academy and of Suvee in Paris,
in 1862 the great gold medal, travelled where he obtained the first prize in 1792,

through Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, and another later went in 1807 to Rome, ;

and Italy, and settled in Diisseldorf, where, six years later returned to Paris, and in
in 1872, he was appointed professor at the 1815 became professor at Bruges Academy,

Academy. Works "Wood near Diisseldorf, afterwards its director court painter, mem-
: ;

Mill, Strand on Baltic Sea, View on Isle of ber of Antwerp and Ghent Academies Or- ;

Biigen, Konigsberg Museum After the der of Lion. Works Night and Daybreak,
; :

Rain, Swamp, Dry River-Bed, Storm, St. Meleager entreated by his Allies to save
Petersburg Academy Evening Twilight in Calydon (1804)
;
Devotion of a Scythian;

Rligen, National Gallery, Berlin. Brock- (1810) Antouello da Messina in Jan van
;

haus, v. 612 Miiller, 14.6.

; Eyck's Studio (1820); Angelica and Medoro
DUCORNET, LOUIS CESAR JOSEPH, (1820); Scipio receiving Envoys of Anti-
born at Lille, Jan. 10, 1806, died in Paris,ochus ; Esther and Ahasuerus School- ;

April 27, 1856. Born without arms, like master after Biou's Idyl Engraver Meule- ;

Felu. History and portrait painter, pupil meester at the Vatican, Artist's Portrait ;
of Guillon-Lethiere and Gerard. In spite Birth of Venus, Brussels Museum William ;

of his deformity he painted creditable pict- I. of Netherlands, Van Gierdergom, Bruges

ures. Medals 2d class, 1820 ; 1st class, Academy. Biog. nat. de Belgique, vi. 238 ;
:

1822. Works Slave-Merchant (1833), Ar- Immerzeel, i. 201.

:

ras Museum Marguerite consulting a Flow-

; DUCREUX, JOSEPH, born at Nancy,
er (1834); Apparition of Christ to Magdalen 1737, died on the road from St. Denis to

(1835); Death of Mary Magdalen (1840), St. Paris, July 24, 1802. French school por- ;

Andre, Lille Repose in Egypt (1841) trait painter, pupil of De Latour, and inti-
; ;

Christ in the Sepulchre (1843); St. Denis mate friend of Greuze sent to Vienna in ;

preaching to Gauls (1846), St. Louis de 1'He, 1769 to paint Marie Antoinette, to whom he
Paris Vision of St. Philomela (1846); Nest became court painter.
; Member of Vienna
of Tomtits (1848), Portrait of Gen. Regner, and Paris Acad-
(1849), Lille Museum ; Gloria in Excelsis emies. Excelled
(1850), Church
of Auxy-le-Chuteau ; Fair in pastel. Works:
Edith finding Body of Harold (1855), Com- Portraits of Jo-
piegne Parting of Hector and Andromache, seph H. and of Maria Theresa, copies of
;

St. Louis administering Justice, Lille Mu-

pictures by other artists, miniatures. Ch.
seum. Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 467 Blanc, J^cole
franqaise Bellier de la Chavig-
; ;

Larousse. nerie, i. 468.

DUCQ, JAN LE, born at The Hague in DUEL AFTER THE MASQUERADE
1636 or 1638, died there in 1695. Dutch (Duel au sortir d'un Bal masque), Gerome,
school animal and landscape painter, William T. Walters, Baltimore canvas, H.
;
sup- ;

posed pupil of Paul Potter joined painters'

1 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 9 in.
;
'
A quarrel has taken
guild at Hague in 1658, and painted for it a
place at a ball in Paris, and the masquers,
Shepherdess and Cows ; also (1662) a Land-
without waiting to change their costumes,
scape with Herd and Herdsmen is in the have adjourned at dawn to the Bois de Bo-
Cassel Gallery. Westrheene, Life of Paul logne to fight under the trees. It is winter,
Potter, 123. and the ground is covered with new-fallen
V> DUCQ, JOSEPHUS FRANCISCUS, bora snow. Pierrot has received a death-wound

438
 DFEZ
and has fallen arms of a friend pard Poussin, or lo
into the
Guaspre. Landscape
dressed as the Due de
Guise, whilst two painter, pupil and follower of his cousin
others, a Doge of Venice and a Black Domi- and brother-in-law, Nicolas
Poussin, whoso
no, are offering consolation and aid. At name he adopted. Later he became more
the right, the Iroquois Brave, who has slain individual in He worked very rap-
style.
Pierrot, hurries with Harlequin toward the idly, sometimes
painting a large picture in
carriages in the background. Salon, 1857. a single day. Works Subjects from Life of :

Replica, with changes in composition and Prophet Elias (frescos in S. Martino & Monte,
costumes, Due d'Aumale, Chantilly.
'

Art Rome); 6 Landscapes, Louvre; 2 others

Treas. of Amer., i. 88. claimed for him by Ch. Blanc, but attributed
DUEZ, ERNEST ANGE, born in Paris, to Van Bloemen by the authorities of the
March 8, 1843. Louvre Mercury, St. Mary in Egypt, For-
;

Genre painter, pu- est,Flight into Egypt, Palazzo Doria, Rome ;

pil Du-
of Carolus
Landscape with Fishermen, Uffizi, Florence ;

ran. Medals 3d :
several landscapes, Palazzo Pitti, Florence ;

class, 1874; 1st Cascades of Tivoli, Turin Gallery View of ;

class, 1879; L. of Lake, Dresden Gallery View of Tivoli, ;

Honour, 1880. Mountain Landscape, two others, Old Pin-

Works Honeymoon
:
akothek, Munich ; Tomb of Cecilia Metella,
(1873); Splendour Storm, Bathers, Wood Landscape, Vienna
and Misery of Cour- Museum 4 Landscapes, Cassel Gallery
; ;

tesans (1874); Whit- Sacrifice of Abraham, Dido and .SSueas, Na-

suntide Roses (1876); Si Cuthbert
(1879), tional Gallery, London; 5 landscapes in
Luxembourg Museum Evening (1881); Madrid Museum
; 11 do. in Montpellier ;

Around the Lamp (1882); Miracle of the Museum two in Douai one in Bordeaux ; ;

Roses (1884). Museum. In the Palazzo Borghese, Rome,

DUFRESNOY, CHARLES ALPHONSE, are walls entirely painted by Dughet, and in
j

born in Paris in 1611, died at Villiers-le- the Palazzo Colonna, several friezes by him.
Bel, Jan. 16, 1668. French school history ;

painter, pupil of Perrier and Vouet. Went

to Rome in 1633 and copied the finest paint-

ings of the Farnese Gallery. His Latin di-

dactic poem, De Arte Graphica, translated Ch. Blanc, cole francaise ; Burckhardt,
into several languages, brought him more I celebri freschi di
Gasp. Possino ; Larousse ;
into repute than his pictures. Went to Ven- Villot, Cat. Louvre,
ice in 1653, and returned to Paris in 1656 DUJARDIN. See Jardin.
to paint many nltarpieces, a Salon in the DUMARESQ. See -drmam/-Dumaresq.
Chateau du Raincy, and 4 landscapes on the DUMAS, MICHEL, bora in Lyons, June
ceiling of the Hotel d'Hervart. Works St. 18, 1812. History painter, pupil of Ingres
:
;

Margaret, The Naiads, Louvre Armida de- a skilful and intelligent painter, but lacking
;

serted by Rinaldo Drunkenness of Noah, originality. Medals

;
3d class, 1857 and
'

Caen Museum Nymph seated near a River, 1861 1st class, 1863. Works Parting of
; ;
:

pinal Museum Portrait of Himself, Co-' St. Peter and St. Paul (1853), Luxembourg
;

penhagen Gallery Death of Socrates, Flor- Museum Devotion of Abbe Bouloy, Holy
; ;

ence Museum Christ.;

Women at Tomb, Mater Dolorosa (1857);
DUGHET (Duchet, Duche), GASPARD, Disciples at Emmaus (1859), Church of St
born in Rome in 1613, died there, May 25, Louis d'Antin Our Saviour (1861); Glorifi- ;

1675. French school generally called Gas- cation of St. Denis (1866), Notre Dame of
;

433
 DUXCAN
Temptation of Christ (1872); Dominican Church, Dortmund (1521); Cru-
Clignancourt ;

Our Lady of the Seven Troubles (1878). cifixion, Munster Museum Do not Bear ;

DUNCAN GRAY, Sir David WiUde, South False Witness, Town Hall, Wesel Predella, ;

Parish Church, Calkar Munich

Kensington Museum canvas, H. 2 ft. 1 in.
;
; Crucifixion,
x 1 ft. 9 in. Called also The Refusal. Scene Gallery Maurice
; Bewailing Christ, St.
" Darmstadt
from Burns's Duncan Gray." Meg, seated Chapel, Nuremberg Madonna, ;

beside a table at left, refusing Duncan Gray, Gallery. Ltlbke, Kunst in Westfalen, 360 ;

who is seated at right behind her is her W. & W., ii. 500 Fiirster, ii. 164 Kunst-
;
; ;

mother sitting, and her father standing. blatt (1841), 102 (1843), 90. ;

Exhibited at Royal Academy in 1814 bought DUPAIN, EDMOND (LOUIS), born at

;

by Lord Charles Townshend, who sold it to Bordeaux, Jan. 13, 1847. Genre painter,
Mr. Sheepshanks. Mulready is said to have pupil of Cabanel and Gue. Medals 3d :

sat for Duncan Gray, and his father for the class, 1875 1st class, 1877. Works Death ;
:

father of Meg. Meg herself is Wilkie's sis- of the Nymph Hesperis (1870); In the Arbor
ter. Engraved by F. Engleheart. Heaton, (1872); The Aged Hunter (1873); A Hunt-
Works of Sir D. W. ress (1874); Youth and Death (1875); Sleep

DUNCAN, THOMAS, born at Kinclaven, (1876); Good Samaritan, St. Gervais and St.
Perthshire, May 24, 1807, died in Edinburgh, Protais led out to Martyrdom (1877); Ex-
May 25, 1845. Student in 1827 in Royal port Duty at Bordeaux (1878); The Giron-
Scottish Academy, of which became a mem- dists Petion and Buzot (1880); Springtime
ber in 1830 exhibited in Royal Academy, driving away Winter (1881); The Choice of
;

London, his Prince Charles Edward entering A

Weapons, Adrift (1882); The Hard Road,
Edinburgh after Preston Pans (1840); Auld Parisian Woman (1883). Montrosier, ii.

Robin Gray (1841), and Deerstalkers (1842); DtiPPEL AFTER THE STORMING,
and elected A.R.A. in 1843. The first-named Wilhelm Camphauaen, National Gallery,
canvas, H. 6 2 in. x 9 ft. 4 in.
picture and his Prince Charles Asleep after Berlin ;
ft.

Culloden, which are well engraved, are his The German Crown Prince, with his staff,

Redgrave Ch. Blanc, Ecole rides upon the field after the storming
best works. ;
of

anglaise ; Sandby, ii. 213. Diippel in the Schleswig-Holstein war,

pUNTZE, JOHANNES (BARTHOLO- April 18, 1864, and congratulates Prince

MAUS), born at Rablinghausen, near Bre- Frederick Charles on his victory.
men, May 6, 1823.
Landscape painter, pu- DUPRAY, HENRI LOUIS, born at Sedan
pil of Munich Academy, then in Berlin of (Ardennes), Nov. 3, 1841. History painter,
Krause and in 1851-55 in Geneva of Calame; pupil of Pils and of Lon Cogniet; ranks
studied then in Paris. In 1845, and again with Detaille and De Neuville as a leader of

later, he visited Norway, Switzerland, Tyrol, of military painters. Medals:

the new school
and the Netherlands, and in 1856 settled in2d class, 1872; 3d class, 1874; L. of Honour,
Dflsseldorf. Works Sogne Fjord (1860); 1878. Works: Cuirassier (1865); Marshal
'"'
:

Winter Landscapes with Architecture (1860) Ney at Waterloo (1869); Battle of Waterloo
;

Lake in Others in (1870)

Norwegian Mountains. Marines of the Pothuan Division
;

Galleries of Hanover, Stuttgart, Berne, and (1872); Visiting the Advanced Posts (1874);
Sidney, Australia. Dioskuren, 1860, 146 Regiment of Hussars going to the Front of
;

Muller, 147. a Convoy, Troops in the Market-Place of St.

DUN WEGGE, HEINRICH, and VICTOR, Denis (1876); Great Autumn Manoauvres,
16th century, in Dortmund about 1521. Light Artillery going into Position (1877);
German school. Two able but second-rate Arrival of the Staff (1878); A Capitalist
painters of religious pictures. Works: Holy (1879); A Horse Unshod (1880); Departing
Kith and Kin, Antwerp Museum ; Triptych, Incognito (1884). Montrosier, ii.

434
 DUPIJE
DUPR15, JULES, born at Nantes in 1812. Landscape, Marine, A. Borie Collection, R
Landscape painter, one of the most orig- Philadelphia Landscape, H. C. Gibson, ;

inal and power- Philadelphia At Sea, Old Oak, Bright Day, ;

ful of the mod- W. T. Walters, Baltimore. Gaz. desB. Arts

ern French (1873), 190 ; L'Art (1879), ii. 311; iv. 241;
vii.

school, and Claretie, Peintres, etc. (1884), iL 177 ; La-

among the orig- rousse, vi. 1415 ; Meyer, Gesch., 745.
inators of the DUPRfi, JULJEN, born in Paris, March
so-called Pay- 17, 1851. Landscape and genre painter,
sage intime. pupil of Pils, Lehmann, and Laugoe. Medals:
Medals: 2d 3d class, 1880; 2d class, 1882. Works:
class, 1833 and Harvest (1876) Rye Mowers (1877) Sheaf ;

V
;

1867 ;
L. of Binders (1878); Aftermath, Gleaners (1879) ;

Honour, 1849 ; Lucerne Grass Mowers, Gleaners (1880) ;

Officer, 1870. Works 5 landscapes (1831); Hay Harvest, In the Meadows (1881) In
:
;

Interior of a Farm- Yard, Views near Abbe-

Creuze, Indre, Corroze, and several
ville,

English views (1835 to 1839) A Pasture, ;

!
1884 JULIEN DUPRE
Entrance of a Village on the Moors, Sunset the Pasture (1882), William Schaus, N. Y.;
(1849 to 1852) Animals crossing a Bridge Shepherd (1883); Field in Normandy (1884);
;

in Berry, Forest of Compiegue, The Gorge Escaped Cow, Mowing (1885).

of Eaux-Chaudes, Sheepfold in Berry, Wind- DUPRE, VICTOR, born at Limo-
j
LEON
ing Road in the Forest of Compiegne, The ges (Haute-Vienne), June 18, 1816. Land-
Sluice, Souvenir of the Moors, A Marsh in scape painter, brother and pupil of Jules.
Sologne, Road on the Moors, The Willow- Medal of 3d class, 1849 ; Philadelphia Ex-
Trees, Return of the Herd, Water-course in hibition, Works: View in Berry 1876.
Picardy (1867) Morning, Evening, Luxem- (1870)
; Fay River, View near Argenton,;

bourg Museum. Works in the United States Animals Drinking (1874)

: Banks of the ;

Landscape, Samuel Hawk Collection, New Marne, Swamp in Picardy, Willows (1875) ;

York Hay Wagon, Old Oak, Miss C. L. Pool in the Landes, Banks of the Oise (1876);
;

Wolfe, New York Evening, A. Belmont, New Pool in Berry, Landscape (1878) Environs
; ;

York; Cows in the Pool, Scene near Fontaine- of Nemours, Chartres Museum View in the ;

bleau, J. H. Warren, Hoosac Falls, N. Y. Marshes, Douai Museum.; j

Meadows with Stream, R. Hoe, New York DUPRESSOHt, JOSEPH FRANCOIS,

;

Landscape, W. Rockefeller, New York Land- born in Paris, April 3, 1800, died March 6,
;

scape, D. W. Powers, Rochester; Landscape, 1859. Landscape painter of moderate abil-

J. A. Brown, Providence Washerwomen, B. ;

ity. Medal, 2d class, 1838. Works : View
Tower of Maurepas
'

Wall, Providence Landscape, H. P. Kidder, near Chateaudun

; ; ;

Boston ; do., Mrs. H. E. Maynard, ib.; Mead- Views in Dauphinfi Montfort 1'Amaury ;
1
;

ow, Mrs. J. G. Fell, Philadelphia; Three'

Landscapes, Marine, J. C. Runkle, New York;
Landscape, J. D. Lankenau, Philadelphia ;

Cows and Landscape, French Village, D. O.

Mills, New York Landscape on the Seine,
;
/ y
C. S. Smith, New York Pond, R. L. Cut- ;
Battle of the Clan Quhele ; View of Oisan in

ting, New York River Scene, Autumn Sun-

;
thelsere ; Battle of Rethel (1843), Versailles
set, Midday, Shepherd Boy, W. H. Vander- Museum.
bilt, New York Shqiherd by Roadside,
; DUPUIS, PIERRE, born at Orleans, July

436
 DUKAN
9, 1833. figure, and portrait lection of Adirondack Scenery (1880).
History, Shel-
painter, pupil ofH. Vernet and L. Cogniet. don, 128.
Medal, 3d class, 1884. Works Last Mo- DURAND, SIMON, born in Geneva ;
:

ments of Francis H. (1865), City Hall, Or- contemporary. Genre painter, pupil of
leans Zenobia rescued by the Shepherds Barthelemy Menn ; subjects original, and
;

(1867), Young Girl bitten by Reptile and mostly humourous. Medal, Paris, 3d class,
rescued by her Brother, Orleans Museum 1875. AVorks Barber Shop, Permit to Stay
;
:

Children surprised by Storm (1868) Dis- (1873); Conjugal Dispute, Perplexed Brazier
;

ciples at Emrnaus (1869); Joseph and Poti- (1874) Marriage at the Mayor's Office, ;

phar's "Wife (1874) Christ on the

;
Cross Band of Vagabonds (1875) Marriage at ;

(1875) ; Entombment, Meditation (1876) ;

Church (1876) A Market, Between Fruit
;

Bashi-Bazouks abducting Woman (1877) ;

and Cheese (1877) Acrobat's Wounded ;

The Wave (1879); The Cup is Empty (1880) Child (1878) An Alarm, Blacksmith's Lei-
; ;

Portraits (1880, 1881, 1882) Mother play- sure (1879) Bonhomme Noel (1880) Birds
; ; ;

ing with her Child (1883) ; Bathing Woman, of Passage, An Apprentice (1882) A Scan-;

Eepose (1884) Rape of Psyche, Portrait of dal (1883) ;

;
Sentimental Tinker (1885).
Henri Mercier (1885). DURAND-BRAGER, JEAN BAPTISTE
DURAN. See Carolus-Duran. HENRI, born at Dol (Ille-et-Vilaine), May
DURAND, ASHER BROWN, born in 21, 1814, died in Paris, April 27, 1879.
South Orange, N. Marine painter, pupil of Gudin and Eugene
J., Aug. 21, 1796. Isabey accompanied the fleet which carried ;

Landscape paint- Napoleon's remains from St. Helena (1840),

er prominent as the expeditions to Tangiers, Mogador, Mada-
;

an engraver until gascar, and the Crimea, making many stud-

1835, when he ies and pictures. In 1865 he accompanied
turned his atten- Napoleon ILL to Algiers as artist, and in the
tion to painting ; same year painted the review of the united
studied in Europe French and English fleets near Cherbourg,
in 1840. One of Brest, and Spithead. Medal, 3d class, 1844 ;

original members L. of Honour, 1844 Officer, 1865. Works

; :

of National Academy, and its president Fight between French Frigate Niemen and
from 1845 to 1861. His earliest works were English Frigates Arethusa and Amethyst
portraits. Works : Wrath of Peter Stuy- (1844), Bordeaux Museum Conquest of;

vesant ; Capture of Andre ; Harvey Birch Mogador (1845), Views (21) of Sebastopol
and Washington ; Fran- during the Siege, 1854-55, Versailles Mu-
Forest Primeval ;

conia Mountains ;
Dance on the Battery
seum Entry into Harbour of Marseilles,; ;

Alpine View, near Meyringen; In the Woods Battle of Lissa. Bellier de la Chavignerie,
(1867), Jonathan Sturges, New York Tryst- i. 497 Meyer, Gesch., 753.
; ;

ing Tree (1869), Benjamin H. Field, ib.; DURCK, FRIEDRICH, born in Leipsie,
August Afternoon, L. Tuckerman, ib. in 1809, died in Munich, Oct. 25, 1884. ;

Sketcher (1870) Close of Day (1871) Har- Portrait and genre painter, pupil in Munich
; ;

bour Island Lake George (1873);Franconia of his uncle, Joseph Stieler, and of the
Notch (1874) Pemigewasset River, Scene Academy; travelled in 1836-37 in Italy,
in the Woods, R. L. Stuart, New York ;
studying after the old masters in Florence
Thanatopsis, J. Landscape, and Rome. Since 1867 has been honorary
P. Morgan, ib. ;

M. K. Jesup, Berkshire Hills, Hurlbut member of the Munich Academy. Works

ib.; :

Collection, Cleveland II Pappagallo, Brook Portraits of Leuchtenberg Family, Louis I.

;

Study, Studies from Nature (1876) Recol- of Bavaria, Oscar of Sweden (1849)
; His ;

436
 DriJKU

Family, Emperor of Austria (1852) Louis ;

|
in 1521-22, undertaken for the sale of Ins
II. of Bavaria
(1865) Count YOU Seinsheim,
;
engravings, brought him into contact with
Baron von der Tann, New Pinokothek, Mu- Lucas van Leyden, Jacopo do' Barbari, and
nich Hebe with the Eagle, Aurora, Chil-
; other artists, and introduced him to the
dren in the Alps, South Kensington Museum; Archduchess Margaret, for whom he worked,
General Summons to Arms, Violin Solo but whose favour ho somewhat lost
tlirough
(1855); Little Republican; Meran Shepherd- his pronounced advocacy of Luther's doc-
Boy Little School-Mistress Songs without trines. He attended the coronation of
; ;

Words ; Evening Devotion.

Brockhaus, iv. Charles V. at Aix-la-Chapelle, and obtained
668 Kunst-Chronik, xx. 106.
; the appointment of court painter before his
DURER, ALBKECHT, born in Nurem- return to Nuremberg, where he continued
berg,May 21, to work until his death. DOrer never dealt
1471, died with fresco, though he furnished the designs
there, April 6, for the mural decorations of the City Hall at
1528. German Nuremberg the Calumny of Apelles, and
school; history the Triumph of Maximilian probably
and portrait painted by George Pencz. The works iu
painter and en- oil and distemper from his hand are reli-

graver. Son of gious subjects and portraits. Those in

agoldsmith, water-colour are Hercules and the Birds of
who first in- Stymphalis (1500), iu the German Museum
structed him in atNuremberg, an allegorical head (1507) in
his trade, and the Vienna Museum, and a Lucretia (1518)
then apprenticed him to the painter Michael in the Munich Gallery. Works Altarpiece :

Wolgemuth for three years and a half, after with wings, except centre picture ; Chrixt
which (1490) he visited Strasburg, Colrnar, on the Cross (1506), Christ bearing his
Basle, and Venice, where he was much im- Cross (1521), Dresden Gallery; Dead Christ,
i

pressed by the works of Andrea Mantegna. 2 Baumgartner portraits (pendants belong-

Returning home about 1494, he married ing to an altarpiece), Christ bearing his
Agnes Frey, and probably worked in Wolge- Cross, SS. Paul and Mark, SS. Peter and
muth's studio until 1497, when he removed John the Evangelist, Assumption of the Vir-
to an atelier of his own, where during the gin, Munich Gallery Job, Stadel Institute, ;

succeeding eight years he produced a large Frankfort Drummer and Fifer, Cologne ;

number of pictures, wood-cuts, and engrav- Museum ;

Saint with Glass Glol>e, Eugeu
ings. From 1505 to 1507 he lived at Venice, Felix, Leipsic ; Saints, landscape back-
where he was much esteemed as a painter, ground, Bremen Gallery Virgin (1503),
;

and though he lost none of his German Vienna Museum ;

Adoration of Magi (1504),
spirit, felt the charm of the Italian Renais- Madonna (1526), Uffizi ;
Feast of Rose-Gar-
sance masters, Bellini and Mantegna, whose lands (1506), painted for the Church of
influence he showed in his subsequent St. Bartholomew, Venice, Norbertine Stra-
works. Then followed his most active years how Convent, Prague (copies in Ambras
at Nuremberg. From 1512 he worked for Collection, Vienna, and Lyons Museum) ;

the Emperor Maximilian, who made him his Christ among the Doctors, Pal. Barberini,
court painter, and whom he waited on at Rome; Madonna (1506), Marquis of Lothian,
Augsburg in 1518 as deputy for his native Scotland small Crucifixion (1506), Dresden
;

city to the assembled Diet. In 1515 Nu- Gallery Adam and Eve, Florence (Pitti),;

remberg assigned him a yearly pension of Mentz, and Madrid Museums Martyrdom ;

100 gulden. His visit to the Netherlands of the 10,000 (1508), Vienna Museum ;

437
 DftKK.

Wings of the Heller altarpiece (1509), Frank- Baden, May 9, 1815. History painter, pu- ]

fort Museum The Trinity (1511), Madonna pil of the Vienna Academy and of Kupel-
;

(1512), Vienna Museum Madonna, Prague wieser went in 1840 to Italy, where, after
; ;

Gallery; Madonna Cappani(1518),Berlin

Mu- a short stay in Venice and Bologna, he re-
seum; portrait of Dttrer's father (1495?); do., mained in Rome until 1843. After his re-
Duke of Northumberland, England portrait turn he painted a series of large religious ;

of Dttrer (1493), Eugen Felix Collection, Leip- subjects, besides portraits and humourous
sic ;
do. (1498), Madrid Museum ;
do. (1500), genre scenes. Since 1852, Baden court
do. of Hans Wolgemuth, of Os-
Dttrer, of painter ;
lives in Freiburg. Works : Ser-
wald Krell (1499), Old Pinakothek, Munich ;
mon on the Mount ; Christ blessing Little
do. of Hans Imhoff (1523), Madrid Museum ;
Children ;
Ascension ;
Four Evangelists ; St.

of Joh. Kleberger, Vienna Museum copies ;

Lawrence on Way
Baptism to Martyrdom ;

of Diirer's portrait of Jakob Fugger, Berlin of Josiah Sermon of St. Gallus on Lake
;

and Munich Galleries male portrait, Pal. ;

Constance (1865), Carlsruhe Gallery and
Brignole Sala, Genoa Bernard von Kepen ; Cologne Museum Christ and the Children ; ;

(1521), Dresden Gallery Male portrait ;

St. Boniface Baptizing ;
Children's Joys ;
The
(1515), Czernin Gallery, Vienna do. of ; Almandin; Governor of Schopfheim. Brock-
Emperor Maximilian, Vienna Museum Em- ; haus, v. 674 Miiller, 150. ;

perors Charlemagne and Sigismund, German DURST, AUGUSTE, born in Paris in 1842.
Museum, Nuremberg; Praying Virgin (1497), Genre, landscape, and still-life painter, pu-
Augsburg Gallery bust portrait of a Sena- pil of E. Hebert and Bonnat. Medal, 2d
;

tor (1514), National Gallery, London por- class, 1884. Works Table Service, Still- ;
:

trait of Senator Muffel (Narischkine sale, life (1868); Kitchen Maid (1869); Rising of

1883, 78,000 fr.). W. & \V., ii. 390; Dohme the Seine, Flowers (1874); The Seine at Pout
(Keane), 89 \V. B. Scott, A. Durer (1869)
;
de Neuilly (1880); Visit to the Farm (1881); ;

Grimm, A. Durer (1873); M. Thausiug Hens (1882); Turkeys (1883); The Siesta
(Eaton), Durer (London, 1882); Ch. Ephrus- (1884); The Awakening, Spring Morning
si, A. Durer (Paris, 1882); Mrs. Heaton, (1885).
Life (1869, 2d ed. 1881) Woltmaun, Aus DUSART, CORNELIS, born in Haarlem,
;

vier Jahrhund., 28 (1877), 2 April 24, 1660, died there, Oct. 1, 1704.
;
Portfolio
182; Eastlake, Five Great Painters (London, Dutch school genre painter, excellent pu- ;

1883) L'Art ;(1878), xiv. 151 ;

Gaz. des B. pil and faithful imitator of Adrian van
Ostade. His colouring is usually cooler in
tone and also more varied than that of his
master. Admitted to painter's guild, Haar-
lem, Jan. 10, 1679. Works :
Wandering
Musicians, Village Inn, Fish Market Scene
(1683), Amsterdam Museum ;
Peasant Fam-
ily,Antwerp Museum Company of Peas- ;

ants, Vienna Museum do., Brunswick Mu- ;

If/o seum Peasant Family, Peasants by the

;

Arts, vi. 193 ;

vii. 24, 74, 228 ; viii. 5 ;
xi. Fireside, Mountebank, Kunsthalle, Ham-
196 ;
xiii. 49 ; (1876), xiv. 255, 519 ; Art burg ;
Woman and Child (1679), Nine-Pin
Journal (1883), 50 ; Forster, Gesch., ii. 275;
do., Denkmale ,VI. iii. 3, 13, 21; VHI iii. 19;
Zeitschr. f. b. K, 81 iii. ;
viii. 284, 350 ;
ix.

254, 321 : xii. 283, 382 ; xiv. 41. Players (1688), Peasants Fighting (1697),
DURR, WILHELM, born at Villingen, Dresden Gallery ; Peasants Carousing, Vi-

438
 DUTZC8OHHOLD
eniia Museum Drinkers, Venice Academy the old Flemish masters,
especially Jan
; ;

Peasant Family, Duhvich Gallery, and Mr. Steen was for several
years Mayor of St. ;

Baring, London Donkey (1681); Grocer's Cloud and painter to the Duchesse de Bern.
;

Shop, Peasant Family, Hermitage, St. Peters- Medals: 2d class, 1819 1st class, 1827 L. ; ;

burg. Gool, ii. 457 Journal des B. Arts of Honour, 1837. Works Game of
;
Piquet :

(1861), 107, 188 Kramm, ii. 383 Van der (1819) Interrogatory, Signing the Contract
; ; ;

Willigen, 123. (1822); Saying Grace, Little Peasants, The

DUTZCSCHHOLD, HENRI, bora in Little Sweeper
(1824) Starting for ; the
Paris, Jan. 4, 1841.
Landscape painter, Chase, Blessed Bread (1827) Return from ;

pupil of Gfer6me and Vuron. Medal, 3d School. Lying in Wait for Ducks (1831);
class, 1882. Works Inundation on Banks Return from the City (1835), Orleans Mu-
:

of the Loire (1872); Angling (1874); La seum Prayer during Storm, First Love ;

Chartreuse and Fort Saint-Andro (1876); (1836); Halt in the Chase, Love in the Vendee
Return from the Spring (1877); In the Park (1837); Wolf-Hunt (1838); Little Maraud-
of Arcueil (1878); Belle Rive, Fort Saint ers, Children Playing on Shore (1839); Wed-
Andre (1879); Roman Ruins between Aries ding Presents, Departure of the Conscripts
and Martignes, A Street at Villeneuve-les- (1840) Benediction of Orphans (1842) ; ;

Avignon (1880); At Meudon, At Villeneuve- Storm, First Step, the Hermit (1843); First-
les-Avignon (1881); The Marne (1882); Old lings of the Crop (1844); Pifferaro giving
Tree (1883); The Marne near Champigny Lesson to his Son (1845) Improvisatore, ;

(1884); The Marne from the Heights of Hermit of Mont Cassin (1846); Travelling
Chennevi6res, The Marne and the Heights Saleswoman (1848) Fishmonger (1852) ; ;

of Chennevieres (1885). Baths of Trouville (1853) Answering a ;

DUVAL-AMAURY. See Amaur,j.Dava.l Letter, Cherbourg Museum Fishermen at ;

DTTVAL LE CAMUS, JULES ALEXAN- Trouville, male portrait, Lisieux Museum ;

DRE, born in Paris, Aug. 5, 1814, died there Interior, Bordeaux Museum. Bellier de la
in 1878. History and genre painter, son of Chavignerie, L 505 Larousse, vL 1452 ; ;

Pierre ;pupil of Drolling and Deluroche. Meyer, Gesch., 160. !

Medals 3d class, 1843 2d class, 1845 L.

: ; DUVAUX, JULES ANTOINE, born in
;

of Honour, 1859. Works Tobias and the Bordeaux in 1818, died in Paris in July, 1884.
:

Angel (1842); Lost Hunter, Breakfast at Military, genre, and battle painter, pupil of
Marly, One of Rousseau's Happy Days, Charlet he contributed many sketches ;

Rousseau writing Hdloise (1846); Happy and lithographs to illustrated papers. Medal,
Lovers, Bear and two Hunters (1853); Mac- 2d class, 1848. Works Charge of Cuiras- :

beth and the Witches, Entombment (1855); 'siers at Valmy (1848); Battle of Monte-
Flight into Egypt, Manon Lescaut (1857); Legino (1849) Assault of Plateau of Haie- ;

Mail Forwarded (1859); Jacques Clement Saiute (1850) Battle of Velisy (1852), Inci- :

planning Murder of Henri HI. (1861), Lux- dent of Storming of Sebastopol (1857), Ver-
!

embourg Museum Macbeth with the sailles Museum Prince Jerome at Assault
;
!

Witches, Alms of the Sea, Farewell, Three of Chateau of Hougoumont (1859); Souve-
Pitchers at a Well (1861); St. Elizabeth of nirs of Sicily, Little Stable Boy, Return

Hungary distributing Alms (1863); Martyr- from Market (1863); The Fan, Arquebusier
dom of St. Lawrence (1867). Bellier de la of Time of Louis XHL (1864); Muff, Lady
506 (1865); Battle of Borrego (1866); Dogs
Larousse, vi. 1452. Har-
Chavignerie, i. ;

DUVAL LE CAMUS, PIERRE, born at nessed (1868) ; Dying Cuirassier (1869) ;

Lisieux (Calvados), Feb. 14, 1790, died Battle of Col de Maya in 1813, Death of
at St. Cloud, July 29, 1854. Portrait and Col. S. at Magenta (1870); Battle of Grave-

genre painter, pupil of David ;

imitated lotte (1874); Battle of Loiguy, Passing the

439
 DUVEAU
'

Ford, Arquebusier (1875) Interior of Sta- (1874); Returning from Market (1875); Too
;

ble (1877); Citizen Chief of a Demi-Brigade Much Gratitude (1876) Grandmother's ;

Incident of Aug. 6, 1870, Souvenir Party, Orphans (1879); In Reserve, Clown

(1878);
of Italy in 1860 (1879); Incident of Battle (1880); Poacher, Before Mass (1881); Little
of Eivoli (1882); Regiment passing through Bears (1882) ;
Whoever Seeks shall Find
Forest (1883);Au Information (1884). (1883) Market Scene, The Dolls (1884) ; ;

DUVEAU, LOUIS JEAN NOOL, born The Nest, In Receipt (1885).

at St. Malo (Ille-et-Vilaine), Dec. 25, 1818, DUYSTER (Duster), W. C. Dutch school ;

died in Paris, May Genre paint- genre painter in his best works approach-
26, 1867. ;

er, pupil of Cogniet. Medals: 3d class, ing Pieter Codde. Works Brawl between :

1846 2d class, 1848 medal, 1864. Works

; ; Soldiers, Dresden Gallery; Game of Trictrac, :

Day after Storm in Brittany (1846); Breton Hermitage, St. Petersburg Brawl in a ;

Emigrants stopped by Republicans (1848); Barn, Stockholm Museum. Bode, Studien,

Abdication of Doge Foscari (1850) Wrecked 161. ;

Fishermen (1852) Death of Agrippina

; DYCE, WILLIAM, born at Aberdeen in
(1853); The Vacant Cradle (1855); Return 1806, died at Streatham, Feb. 15, 1864.
of the Pardon of St. Anne (1859); Death of Son of a physician and graduate of Mari-
Claudius (1863), Mass at Sea (1864), Rennes schal College in 1823 entered schools of ;

Museum. Bellier de la Chavignerie, i. 507. Royal Scottish Academy, and afterwards

DUVENECK, FRANK, born at Coving- studied in Rome and Florence. In 1827 ex-
ton, Ky., Oct. 9, 1848. Figure painter, hibited at Royal Academy Bacchus his

pupil of Diez and of the Munich schools for nursed by the Nympha After his second
ten years. Studio in Venice. Works Cir- visit to : A Italy, settled in Edinburgh in 1830,
cassian (1875) portrait of Chas. Dudley and won success as a painter of portraits
;

Warner, Turkish Page (1877) ; Coming and historical subjects. In 1836 his De-
Man, Interior of St. Venice, Italian scent of Venus attracted much notice ; he
Mark's
Girl, The Professor (1878); Portrait (1879); removed to London in 1844, and in the
Head of Young Man (M. Brimmer, Boston). same year was elected an A.R.A., and in
Am. Art Review (1881), 3. 1848 R.A. In 1848 he was chosen to deco-
DUVERGER, THEOPHILE EM- rate the Queen's Robing-Room in the Houses
MANUEL, born at Bordeaux, Sept. 17, of Parliament, and began, but did not finish,
1821. Genre painter. Medals 3d class, a
series of frescos illustrating the legend of
:

1861, 1863 medal, 1865. Works Insanity King Arthur. He also executed a series of
;
:

of Charles VI. (1848) Said in Jest (1853) frescos in All Saints, Margaret Street, Cav-
; ;

Tears at the Fireside (1855); The Visit, endish Square. He was a well-trained mu-
Party at Grandmother's (1857) Nurse's sician and a scholarly writer on art and sci-
;

Visit, Washerwoman
(1859) Grandfather's entific subjects.; Among his other easel
Platter, Waiting, Charitable Ladies (1861) pictures are King Joash shooting the Ar- ;
:

Last Sacraments, Gypsies (1863) Hide- row of Deliverance (1844) ; Jacob and Rachel
;

and-Seek, Reticence (1864) Paralytic, La- John leading Home the Virgin
; (1853) ; St.
bourer and his Children (1865), Luxem- (1860) and George Herbert of Bemerton ;
'

bourg Museum Penitent Girl (1866); Con-

; (1861). Redgrave Art Journal (1860), ;

firmation in Church of Villiers-le-Bel(1867);

293 Frescos in Houses of Parliament (8vo, ;

Empty Cradle, First Frolic (1868) Mater- London), from Br. Quarterly. July, 1864 ; ;

nal Solicitude, Filial Care (1869) Vice and Sandby, ii. 183. ;

Misery, Labour and Happiness (1870) The DYCK, HERMANN, born in Wurzburg, ;

Whippet-snappers (1872) Silence (1873) Oct. 4, 1812, died in Munich, March 25, 1874.
; ;

When the Cat is away the Mice will Play Architecture and genre painter studied ;

440
 DYCK
from 1835 in Munich, was
for years a re- tua, that he took
up his residence there, and
nowned contributor to the Fliegende Bliit- made himself known
by painting the admir-
j

ter, and in 1854 was appointed director of able portrait of Cardinal Bentivoglio, now
the Art School of Industry. Works Forti- one of the gems of the Pitti Gallery. Its suc-
:

fication of Kehlheioi, Convent Kitchen, cess, and Van Dyck's love of excited display,
Destroyed Village, At the City Wall of the jealousy of his brother artiste, who made
Erding (1857) Cashier's Room (1858)
; Rome so intolerable to him that ho left it
;

Writing Room (1860) In the Granary for Genoa in June, 1624, and remained there
;

(1860) ; In the Studio (1861) Church In- until the next year, when he returned home.
; i

terior (1863) Delegation (1864) Burgo- At Antwerp he found enemies who decried
; ;

master's Return Home (1868). AUgein. d. him, and waited for commissions, until Ru-
Biogr., v. 508 Brockhaus, v. 686
; ; Kunst- bens bought several of his pictures and set
,

Chronik, ix. 464. the tide running in his favour. To tliis time
DYCK, ANTON VAN (Sir Antony Van- belong the Crucifixion, in the Church of
dyck), born in Ant- Notre Dame at Terrnonde, the St. Sebastian,

werp, March 22, 1599, at Munich, and the portrait of the Arch-
died in London, Dec. duchess Clare Eugenie, in the Gallery at
9, 1641.At ten years Turin. After an unsuccessful visit to Eng-
of age he was appren- land (1627), where he failed to obtain pres-
ticed by his father, entation at court for want of favour with
Francis Van Dyck, Buckingham, Van Dyck lived
the Duke of
linen draper, to Heu- Antwerp and Brussels,
for three years at
drik Van Baleii, and painting many religio-historical pictures and
at sixteen he entered portraits, and etching ten admirable por-
the studio of Rubens traits of painters, which are yet unsurpassed.
,

as his pupil and assist- Meanwhile, one of his friends had given his
ant. Employed by this great master to pre- Rinaldo and Armida to Charles I., who was
pare black and white drawings from his pic- so delighted with it that in 1630 he invited
j

tures for the use of the engravers who worked the painter to England. In April, 1632, Van
under his eye, and to make cartoons from Dyck obeyed the summons, and after he had
his sketches, of which the history of Darius been presented to the King by Sir Kenehn
in the Liechtenstein Gallery at Vienna may Digby, painted his portrait, that of the
be taken as an example, Van Dyck's talent Queen, and the great picture of the Royal
,

developed with astonishing rapidity. The Family, now at Windsor. In July he

was
esteem in which Rubens held him showed knighted, aud appointed court painter, and
itself in numerous acts of kindness, as in in October, 1633, had a pension of 200 a
1620, when he procured him a commission year assigned to him. During the next nine
from the Jesuits to paint an altarpiece for years he painted 19 portraits of the King,
their church in 1621, when he presented 17 of the Queen, as well as many of their
;

him to the Countess of Arundel, through children, at a fixed price of 50 for half, and
whom he obtained access to James L, whose 100 for full-length figurea Living in a
he at Windsor and in the of splendour far beyond his means, Van
portrait painted style ;

autumn of the same year, when he sent the Dyck became more and more embarrassed
Chevalier Varni with him to Italy, and gave as the troubles of Charles' reign thickened,
him a horse for the journey. Van Dyck until, in 1638, he presented his unpaid claims
reached Rome in February, 1622, but it was to the King, including his pension for the
not until the following year, after he had past five years, payment for many portraits,
for tapestries
visited Florence, Bologna, Venice, and Man- and for four cartoons prepared

441
 DYCK
at Whitehall, which he valued at the enor- \
Children of Charles I., Francisco de Monsada,
mous sum of 80,000. These claims were but Charles Louis of Bavaria, Isabel of Austria,

partially satisfied when he

went to France Duke of Richmond, himself, and others,
in 1641, hoping to obtain the commission to Louvre ;
St. Jerome, Christ crowned with
paint the galleries at the Louvre,
which was
Thorns, Virgin of Sorrows, Betrayal of Christ,
to Poussin through the influence of Diana and Endymion, portraits of David
given
the Cardinal de Richelieu. Disappointed, Ryckaert, Don Fernando of Austria, Count-
and in broken health, he returned to Eng- ess of Oxford, Prince of Orange, Princess
land via Antwerp. On the 1st of December, of Orange, Charles I, and others, Madrid
the birthday of his daughter, Giustiniana, Museum Christ on the Cross (2), Entomb- ;

he made his will, and on the 9th he expired. ment, Antwerp Museum Crucifixion, St. ;

He was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. For Jacques, Antwerp St. Augustine in Ecstasy, ;

noble use of colour, high-bred elegance of St. Augustine, ib.; Crucifixion, Cathedral at
style, and facility, Van Dyck
ranks as one of Mechlin Crucifixion of St. Peter, Satyr, ;

the first In portraiture he was portrait, Brussels Museum

of painters. Children of ;

not surpassed by any great master north or Charles I., portrait, Amsterdam Museum
:

south of the Alps, though in historical and portraits, Hague Museum Christ crowned
;

sacred subjects by many for in such, as a with Thorns, Pieta, Descent of Holy Ghost,
;

rule, hisconceptions are superficial and Repentant Sinners, Two Saints, John, St.
scenic, rather than profound and natural. Peter, portrait of Prince Thomas of Ca-
Works portrait of Charles I., do. of Rubens, rignan, Berlin Museum Madonna, portrait,
: ;

van der Geest, do. of himself, Am- Brunswick Gallery Family Group, six por-
do., of C. ;

brose and Emperor Theodosius (copy of traits, Cassel Gallery St. Jerome, Danae, ;

Rubens), Miraculous Draught of Fishes, Silenus, portraits of Charles I., Henrietta

National Gallery, London portrait of Charles Maria, Children of Charles I, Martin Ryck-
;

I, Children of Charles I. (2), Charles I. and aert, Thomas Parr, and others, Dresden
Family, Henrietta Maria, Sir Kenelm Diyby, Gallery Holy Family, Madonna with St. ;

Lady Venetia Diyby, Charles IL, Countess John, St. Sebastian, Field (2), Christ on the
of Carlisle, Duke Buckingham, Thomas Cross, portraits of Maria de' Medici, Ales-
of
Carew and Duke of sandro Scaglio, Count John of Nassau, Gus-
Sir William Killigrew,
Gloucester, and others, Windsor Castle tavus Adolphus, Wallenstein, and others,
;

Christ healing the Paralytic, Pieta, St. Se- Munich Gallery Christ on the Cross, Ma- ;

bastian, Charles I., Hampton Court Earl of donna with Saints, Venus and Vulcan, Sam-
;

Pembroke, Madonna, Dulwich Gallery St. son and Delilah, Holy Family, Virgin and
;

Sebastian, Lomellini Family. Nobleman in Donor, Magdalen, and many portraits, Vienna
Armour, Study, National Gallery, Edin- Museum Pieta, portraits of Wallenstein, ;

burgh Pembroke Family, Wilton House Duke Albrecht of Austria, and others, Liech-
; ;

Riualdo and Armida, Duke of Newcastle tenstein Gallery, Vienna Holy Family, In-
; ;

Daedalus and Icarus, portrait of Duke of credulity of Thomas, St. Sebastian, portraits
Newcastle, do. of Lady Venetia Diyby, do. of Charles I., Henrietta Maria, William of
of Earl of Bristol, do. of Countess of Bed- Orange, Archbishop Laud, Earl Danby, In-
ford, Earl Spencer Bolingbroke Family, igo Jones, and others, Hermitage, St. Peters-
;

Earl of Morley ; Charily, Earl of Lonsdale

burg Cardinal Eenlivoglio, Charles I. and
; ;

Madonna with St.Grosvenor Henrietta Maria, Repose in Egypt, Palazzo

Catherine,
House, London Sir Kenelm Digby, Wing- Pitti, Florence
;
portrait of Charles V., do. ;

field Digby, Esq., Sherborne Madonna, of John Montfort, Uffizi, ib. Brignoli Fam-
; ;

Madonna and Donors, Venus and Vulcan, ily, Palazzo Brignoli, Genoa Madonna and ;

Rinaldo and Armida, portrait of Charles L, St Anthony of Padua, portraits, Brera, Mi-

442
 DYCK
Ian ; Holy Family, Accademia di S. Luca, um ; Lute-Player (1727), Drawing Lesson
Rome ;Christ on Cross, Entombment, Pa- (1728), Berlin Museum. Kugler (Crowe),
lazzo Borghcse, ib. Madonna, Palazzo Cor-
; ii. 540 ; Ch. Blanc, Ecole hollaiidaise De ;

sini, Children of Charles I, Princess Stuers, 27.

ib. ;

Isabel of Spain, Prince Thomas of Savoy, DYCKMANS, born JOSEPH LAURENS,

Holy Family, Turin Gallery Belgium, Aug. 9, 1811. Genre
; Crucifixion, at Lier,
portrait of Charles L, do. of a Lady, Histori- painter, pupil of Thielemaus and Vervoort,
cal Society, New York. Guiflrey.Vau Dyke, then of Wappcrs his pictures, mostly on a ;

small scale, together with the similarity of

subjects, won him the surname of the Bol-
gian Gerard Dow. In 1841-54 he was pro-
fessor at the Antwerp Academy, and in 1870
was made member. Works Declaration of :

Love (1834); Paternal Lesson (1835); Play-

ing at Chequers (1836); Piano Lesson (1837);
Household Account (1838); Lace Maker
(1839); Vegetable Market (1840); Grand-
mother's Fairy Tale (1841); Spinning Maid-
en (1842); Embroideress (1843); Old Wo-
man Sewing (1843); Old Woman plucking
A' Hen (1844), Museum Fodor, Amsterdam
a ;

Reading the Bible (1845); Lady of Fashion

sa vie et son ceuvre (Paris, 1882) ; Michiels, (1846); Rigolette (1847); Old Lace-Maker
Van Dyck et ses cluves (Paris, 1882) Car- (1848), Blind Beggar (1852), Antwerp Mu-
;

penter, Memoirs (London, 1844) Wibiral, seum; The Marchioness (1854); Dressing
;

Iconographie de Van Dyck (Leipsic, 1877); the Bride, Sailor's Widow (1855); Motherly
Dohme Bendell, Van Dyck (London, 1881); Love (1856); Expectation (1858); Occasion
;

Ch. Blanc, Ecole anglaise Gaz. des B. Arts makes Thieves (I860); Magdalen at the
;

(1881), xxiv. 504 Graph. K, i. 69 iv. 89 Cross (1862); Spring (1870); Grandmoth-
; ; ;

Kunst-Chronik, xix. 712 Zeitschr. f. b. K., er's Birthday (1871), South Kensington Mu-
;

v. 304, 366 ;
vi. 2G4 xi. (Mittheilungen,
; iv.
|seum; Old Woman Praying (1872); Magda-
8); xii. 388 ;
xvii. 193 xviii. 316.
;
len Penitent (1873); The Divided Breakfast,
DYCK (Dijk), PHILIP VAN, Woods (1874); Street-
called the Child Lost in the
Little Van Dyck, born in Amsterdam, Jan. Singer, Good News, Siesta, Young Shep-
10, 1683, died at The Hague, July 2, 1753. herdess (1X78); The First Born (1879).
Dutch school portrait and genre painter, Brockhaus, v. 686 Mdller, 150.
; ;

pupil of A. Van Boonen. Ho worked for DYER, CHARLES GIFFORD, born in

some time at Amsterdam, The Hague, Mid- Chicago, III, in 1846. Landscape painter,
dleburg, and as court painter to Landgraf pupil of Jacquesson de la Clievreuse in
of Hesse in Cassel, where he founded the Paris, of the Royal Bavarian Academy in
gallery. also mediocre biblical 1871, and of David Neal in Munich in 1876.
Painted
pictures. His genre pieces in the manner Has sketched ami painted in Rome, Venice,
of GerardDou and Mieris are very pleasing. Egypt, and Syria. Studio in Munich.
j

Works: Ju- Works St. Mark's, Venice (1874); On Liu- :

dith (1726), den when the Sun was Low Venice at ;

Lute-Player, ' Birth of Day Morning on the Riva at Ven- ;

The Toilet, Bookkeeper, National Museum, ice ;

Historical Still-Life of the 17th cent-
Amsterdam Lady at Toilet, Brussels Muse- ury
; (1878).

443
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30 Cyclopedia of pain-
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