CAREC – Transport Conference
Ekaterina Miroshnik
Director, Head of Infrastructure
Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia
April 2018
Where we invest – increasing footprint
Estonia—
Latvia— Russia**
Lithuania—
Belarus
Poland
Czech Republic*—
Ukraine
—Slovakia Kazakhstan
—Moldova Mongolia
—Hungary
Slovenia—
—Romania
Croatia— —Serbia
Bosnia and Herzegovina— —Bulgaria Uzbekistan—
Montenegro— —Kosovo Georgia— —Kyrgyz Republic
Albania— Armenia—
FYR Macedonia Turkey —Tajikistan
Greece Azerbaijan —Turkmenistan
Tunisia—
—Morocco Cyprus
—Jordan
Egypt—
Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Note: Czech Republic has
graduated in 2008 thus no projects
Belarus, would be considered.
Georgia,
Cyprus Moldova, Central Asia Central
SEMED Western Balkans Greece Turkey Ukraine (incl. Mongolia) Eastern Europe
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EBRD Infrastructure Business Group
EBRD INFRASTRUCTURE
Number of projects to date 747
Net cumulative Bank investment EUR 22.6 bn
Non-sovereign share 48 per cent
EBRD Investments Infrastructure Top 7
EBRD Investments Infrastructure Countries YE 2017
72 73 72
67 9
60 8
6
5
4
2.6
2
1.7 1.8 1.7 2
1
470 363 294 268 187 160 137
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
ABI (€ bn) No. Ops
ABI (€ bn) No. Ops
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EBRD in Infrastructure
in Central Asia and Mongolia
Activity in Infrastructure sector in Central Asia and Portfolio by country
Mongolia Current portfolio
Active portfolio operations 98
1,200 50
Portfolio € 1,245 m
1,033 45
Operating assets € 642 m 1,000
40
35
800
30
Portfolio by sector Portfolio by type 600 550 25
Share of current portfolio Share of current portfolio 20
400
15
10
12% 200 108 94
41 41 5
31% 5 5 5 5 1 1
- 0
41%
59%
57%
Portfolio € m
Operating Assets € m
Municipal Infrastructure Number of projects
Private Sovereign Sub-Sovereign
Transport
Signed and Potential CAREC Projects in
Central Asia
Aktobe – Russian Border
Road Project - $180M
Kurty – Burybaital
Road Project – $189M
BAKAD PPP – $100-200M
Manas Airport Phase II – $10M
Osh – Isfana Road Project –
$35M
Shymkent – Uzbek Border
Road Project – $196M Manas Airport Modernization
Project – $4.7M
Dushanbe – Uzbek Border
Road Project – $62.5M
Signed projects
Pipeline projects
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Kazakhstan:
Europe – China Transport Corridor
Signed
Project
in
• CAREC relevance: The corridor includes passes through the
2009 &
Summary
•
routes of CAREC corridors connecting Central Asian
countries with Russia and Europe.
Active cooperation between IFIs, including EBRD, and the
2012
Government
• EBRD participated in two sovereign projects to date:
1. City of Aktobe to Russian border - 100km section – part of
CAREC corridor 1 and 6.
• EBRD provided USD 180 million sovereign loan
• This project was successfully completed in 2014
2. City of Shymkent to Uzbek border - 60km - part of CAREC
corridor 3 and 6.
• EBRD provided a USD 196 million sovereign loan
• Construction works are still ongoing
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Kyrgyz Republic:
Osh-Isfana Road Upgrade Project
Signed
Project in • CAREC relevance: Partial, separate sections relevant for CAREC
Summary
2009
Corridor 3.
• Client: The Ministry of Finance on behalf of the Kyrgyz Republic
for the benefit of the Ministry of Transport and Communication
(“Implementing Agency”), which is responsible for road sector
policy.
• EBRD financing: USD 35 million (sovereign)
• Objective: Reconstruction and upgrade of the road sections from
km 155 to km 195 and from km 200 to km 220 of the Osh-Isfana
highway and re-routing some sections of the road since it
crossed international border with Uzbekistan.
• Total project cost USD 72.8 million, co-financed by loan and
grant of USD 20 million from World Bank and a capital grant of
USD 17.8 million from the European Union.
• The transition objectives:
1. Introduction of tendering procedures for periodic road
maintenance.
2. Road user charges introduction and Road Fund reform.
3. Development of the privatisation plan for maintenance units.
4. Introduction of service level agreements for routing
maintenance.
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Kazakhstan:
Kurty-Buribaytal Road Project
Signed
Project in • CAREC relevance: The road is part of CAREC Corridor 1
Summary
2016
• Client: JSC KazAvtoZhol, a construction company owned by the
Government of Kazakhstan engaged in design, construction,
repair and maintenance of republican roads in Kazakhstan
• EBRD financing: USD 189 million, 2 loans (sovereign)
• Objective: Rehabilitation of a 228 kilometres long road section
between the villages Kurty and Buribaytal
Total project cost USD 455 million, co-financed with World Bank
and state budget.
The Government of Kazakhstan provided a sovereign guarantee.
• The transition objectives:
1. Introduction of new ways of road sector funding;
2. Developing of an action plan for introduction of heavy vehicles
charges;
3. Tolling system expansion;
4. Demonstration of successful restructuring of JSC
KazAvtoZhol.
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Tajikistan: Dushanbe - Uzbekistan Border
Road Improvement Project
Signed
Project in • CAREC relevance: The road is part of CAREC Corridor 3
Summary
2016
• Client: Government of Tajikistan
• EBRD financing: USD 27.5 million as an extension of the
original sovereign loan of USD 35.0 million
• Objective: Rehabilitation and upgrade of the 5 km section of the
62 kilometre road linking the city of Dushanbe to the Uzbek
border.
The road is connecting Tajikistan to the Russian Federation to
the north (via Uzbekistan) with onward links to Turkey and
Western Europe (e.g., via Caspian Sea routes).
• Common standards:
• EBRD procurement rules
• EBRD environmental and public consultation standards
• EBRD disbursement and implementation rules
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Kyrgyz Republic:
Manas Airport Rehabilitation
• Client: JSC “International Airport “Manas” (MIA), the main airport
Signed
Project in entity in the Kyrgyz Republic and majority owned by the state.
Summary
2017
• EBRD financing: USD 4.7 million (non-sovereign)
• Objective: Modernisation of the airport infrastructure in Bishkek,
specifically installation of a new heating ventilation and air
conditioning system (“HVAC”) to bring the system in line with
international operational practices and energy efficiency
standards. The first EBRD non-sovereign project in the Kyrgyz
Republic.
The project is co-financed by a USD 0.5 million capital
expenditure grant from the EBRD Shareholder Special Fund
(“SSF”).
• The transition objectives:
1. Introduction of activity based costing in MIA’s airport in
Bishkek;
2. Introduction of accounting separation in MIA’s airport in
Bishkek;
3. Similar accounting methodologies to be replicated in at least
one other airport in the country (Osh, Issyk Kul, etc.);
4. Adoption of PIP;
5. Annual carbon reduction;
6. Development of environmental management and Health
Safety System.
Potential follow up investment (ca. USD 10 million) focusing on
Phase II of the airport’s rehabilitation
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Kazakhstan: Growing market with a strong
state support for public-private partnerships
Opportunities Challenges
• Growing population and raising standard of living. • Uncertain macroeconomic prospects (low oil prices,
• Improved investment climate due to a set of systematic depreciating currency, deteriorating external
reforms taken by the government environment, budget deficit…)
• Infrastructure development as a cornerstone of the • Poor institutional environment and slow diversification
government’s new economic policy (modernisation of of the economy (reliance on oil)
utilities and social infrastructure) • Slow progress of the privatisation programme
• New PPP law adopted in 2015, aimed • S&P credit rating (BBB-)
at expanding the breath of PPPs Kazakhstan
• Privatisation programme of state
infrastructure assets
(airports and ports) Amended legislation on PPPs was
developed with the participation of EBRD and WB
Advisory on the preparation of the PPP structure, following international best
practice (e.g. BAKAD ring road project) and technical cooperation to support selection
of qualified advisors
Assisting the authorities in balancing the roles of the state and the market by supporting growth of private sector
enterprises (commercialising of public enterprises and appropriate risk sharing the private and public sectors)
EBRD value added
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Transport Sector Pipeline:
Almaty Ring Road PPP, Kazakhstan
a
Project description: The Big Almaty Ring Road will be implemented as a 20-years BTO
(Build-Transfer-Operate) PPP where the concessionaire will be
responsible for building, financing, operating, collecting tolls, and
maintaining the six-lane 66 km road.
Total Project cost: EUR 600 million
Type of finance: Senior Loan / Project Bond
Financial close: 2018
Status: In January 2015 the Ministry of Investments and Development of
Kazakhstan announced the tender for Almaty Ring Road PPP.
The tender has drawn a lot of interest from participants recording
nine PQ applications; in April, six consortia were prequalified. In
November 2015 three financial bids were submitted and the
preferred bidder (Alarko-Makyol-SK E&C-KEC) was announced in
February 2016.
The Concession Agreement was signed in February 2018 and the
financial close is scheduled for 4Q 2018.
Project highlights: Since 2012, EBRD and IFC have been actively involved in the project
by providing assistance to the grantor in their preparation for the
tender and concession. Other IFIs (including ADB and IsDB) - have
confirmed their interest to finance the project.
No traffic risk, availability payments with currency risk mitigation
mechanism, ‘bankable’ termination and step-in arrangements.
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Reform Challenges:
Railway Sector
Dominance of SOEs, limiting commercialization of the sector and
intermodal solutions
Outdated infrastructure and equipment, requiring substantial
investments in modernisation and maintenance
Difficult geography, limiting economies of scale and requiring resilient
infrastructure investments to mitigate environmental and climate risks
1520 market, resulting in additional expenses for loading/unloading at
border crossings with neighbouring regions
Weak sector regulation, constraining quality service provision and
hampering private sector participation
Inadequate institutional capacity, limiting region’s true potential for
transit, modal shift, and connectivity
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Reform Challenges:
Road Sector
Infrastructure investment gaps, limiting regional integration within and
between countries
Limited private sector participation, contributing to the infrastructure
investment gaps
Underdeveloped O&M planning, resulting in deterioration of even
newly built assets
Lack of user-charges, increasing the pressure on state and regional
budgets
Inadequate long-term planning, limiting development of the road
sector and prioritization of investments
Weak institutional capacity, hampering the switch from government-
based approach to a market-driven approach
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Institutional Reforms:
Realizing the Region’s Transit Potential
Improved regulations and institutions for improved service
provision and enhanced private sector participation, to achieve
higher transparency, accountability and commercial solutions
Enhanced cross-country coordination for the realization
of the region’s transit potential
Political willingness and long-term planning for sector-wide
and regional reforms
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Contacts
Ekaterina Miroshnik
Director, Head of Infrastructure
Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia
Tel: +44 20 7338 6658
Email: MiroshnE@ebrd.com
EBRD
One Exchange Square
London, EC2A 2JN
United Kingdom
www.ebrd.com
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