Energy Conservation Opportunities                                  241
Chapter 15
Energy
Conservation
Opportunities
T   he 5 Ts of energy conservation
     1.   Turn it off
     2.   Turn it down
     3.   Tune it up
     4.   Turn it around
     5.   Tear it out
      In the 1900s, air conditioning systems dramatically changed the
way we live in the United States. As HVAC systems became more reli-
able, efficient and controllable, we were no longer dependent on the
weather for work or leisure. We made the environment adapt to our
needs. In fact, we started cooling to temperatures lower than the tem-
peratures to which we had previously heated. Now, HVAC climate con-
trol has become so reliable and affordable it is a common necessity in
industry and our homes alike. Today, almost all commercial buildings
have HVAC systems and most U.S. households have air conditioning.
ENERGY SYSTEMS
     It’s generally assumed that the HVAC systems and lighting
systems account for most of a building’s energy use. HVAC en-
ergy consumption is affected in part by the common practice of
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242                                               HVAC Fundamentals
specifying oversized heating and cooling equipment to compen-
sate for the energy inefficiency in a building’s design and con-
struction. The following are energy conservation opportunities
(ECOs) for HVAC systems and subsystems.
HVAC SYSTEMS
ECOs:
•  Compare field measurements (air, water, steam and electri-
   cal) with the air or water balance report, commissioning re-
   port, and fan, pump, and motor curves to determine if the
   correct amount of air and water is flowing.
•     Use nameplate data to prepare an up-to-date list of motors
      for fans, compressors, pumps, etc., and list routine mainte-
      nance to be performed on each.
•     Routinely check time clocks and other control equipment for
      proper operation, correct time and day, and proper program-
      ming of on-off setpoints.
•     Reduce or turn off heating and cooling systems during the
      last hour of occupancy.
•     Close interior blinds and shades to reduce night heat loss in
      the winter or night and solar heat gain in the summer or day.
      Repair or replace damaged or missing shading devices.
•     Inspect room supply air outlets and return and exhaust air
      inlets, diffusers, grilles and registers.
•     Clean ducts. Open access doors to check for possible obstruc-
      tions, such as loose insulation in lined ducts, loose turning
      vanes and closed volume or fire dampers. Adjust, repair or
      replace these items as necessary.