Battle of Nineveh, (612 

BCE). Determined to end Assyrian dominance in Mesopotamia, Babylonia led

The fall of Nineveh led to the destruction of the Neo-Assyrian Empire over the next three years[2] as
the dominant state in the Ancient Near East. Archeological records show that the capital of the once
mighty Assyrian Empire was extensively de-urbanized and depopulated in the decades and centuries
following the battle. A garbled account of the fall of the city later led to the story of the legendary
king Sardanapalus.

Babylon became the imperial center of Mesopotamia for the first time in over a thousand years,
leading to the Neo-Babylonian Empire, claiming imperial continuity as a new dynasty.

In the early centuries of the second millennium BCE, Babylon had been the dominant power in
Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Since then, the city had been increasingly marginalized. Its pride
remained, and it had several times attempted to rise up against Assyrian domination, but it had
never been close to succeeding. In 626 BCE, however, a new king, Nabopolassar, sensed that the
hold of Assyria’s rulers was weakening.

According to a Babylonian clay tablet discovered in the 19th century named the Fall of Nineveh
Chronicle, there was a bitter 12-year struggle between Babylon and Assyria, as well as civil wars in
Assyria itself. They describe that in the tenth year of Nabopolassar (616 BC) the Babylonians
defeated the Assyrian army and marched up the river, sacking Mane, Sahiri and Baliḫu.

The conflict was renewed the next year, with the Assyrians mustering their army and driving the
Babylonians back to Takritain. Nabopolassar stationed his army in the fortress of Takritain, and the
two armies fought there the next year. The Assyrians were beaten and retreated to Assyria.

The Babylonians then allied with the Medes, Persians, Cimmerians and Scythians. The Median army
took Tarbisu, near Nineveh, and encamped nearby; they then attacked the city of Assur, with the
Babylonian text recounting how in 614 BC their Median ally destroyed Assur's temples and sacked
the city, but their army did not reach the city until after the plundering had been done. [5]

In 612 BC, the Bablyonians mustered their army again and joined with Median
king Cyaxares encamping against Nineveh. They laid siege to the city for three months and, in
August, finally broke through the defenses and began plundering and burning the city. The major
factor in the city’s downfall was the Medes. [6] The Assyrian King Sin-shar-ishkun was killed in the
siege. His brother Ashur-uballit II was made King of Assyria. He refused to submit, however, and
successfully fought his way out of Nineveh, founding a final capital at Harran.

It took Nabopolassar ten years to expel Assyrian forces from Babylonia itself, and in 616 BCE he led
an invasion of Assyria. By then, other discontent peoples were eager to enlist in the Babylonian
cause, including several from what is now Iran. Soon, Nabopolassar was heading an army that
included the people of Susa—a city-state in the foothills of the Zagros mountains—and the
Scythians, mounted nomads (and formidable cavalrymen) from the steppe.

According to tradition laid out in Diodorus, the Tigris river flooded the city. While his account is often
suspect, this aspect has been given attention. The allied armies entered the area of the outer wall
and fought to enter the palace. Temples were looted and the palace was burned, though this did not
destroy the city, and may have aided the preservation of clay texts. The events of the siege were
prophesied by the prophet Nahum, especially in Chapter 1:6, 8,10 and 2:6.
The Medes, a people from the plains of northwestern Iran, marched south to take the Assyrians’
original home city of Assur in 614 BCE, after which they too struck an alliance with Nabopolassar.

Together, under Babylonian leadership, the allies moved against the Assyrian capital, Nineveh.
Resistance was fierce, and it was three long months of fighting before it fell. The city was sacked, and
Assyria’s King Sinsharushkin killed. Even then, the Assyrians rallied around a new, would-be ruler,
Ashuruballit, but he was finally defeated in 608 BCE.

TRANSLATE

Pertempuran Nineveh bermula pada 612 BCE. Bertekad ingin menamatkan perang dominasi Assyria
di Mesopotamia, Babylonia mengetuai pakatan dalam serangan terhadap ibu negara Assyria,
Nineveh.Bandar ini dipecat secara komprehensif selepas pengepungan tiga bulan, dan Raja Assyria
Sinsharushkin terbunuh.Walaupun penggantinya berpegang kepada kuasa buat sementara waktu,
hari-hari ascendancy Assyria telah hilang.

Kejatuhan Nineveh membawa kepada kemusnahan Empayar Neo-Assyria dalam tempoh tiga tahun
akan datang year.as keadaan dominan di Purba Berhampiran Timur.Rekod arkeologi menunjukkan
bahawa ibu kota Empayar Assyria yang pernah besar telah diturunkan secara meluas dan dilupuskan
dalam beberapa dekad dan berabad-abad berikutan pertempuran.Akaun bercelabi kejatuhan bandar
itu kemudiannya membawa kepada kisah raja legenda Sardanapalus.

Babylon menjadi pusat diraja Mesopotamia buat kali pertama dalam tempoh lebih seribu tahun,
yang membawa kepada Empayar Neo-Babylon, mendakwa kesinambungan imperialis sebagai dinasti
baru.

Pada awal abad BCE milenium kedua, Babylon telah menjadi kuasa dominan di Mesopotamia dan
Timur Tengah.Sejak itu, bandar ini semakin dipinggirkan. Kebanggaannya kekal, dan ia telah
beberapa kali cuba untuk bangkit menentang penguasaan Assyria, tetapi ia tidak pernah hampir
berjaya.Walau bagaimanapun, pada tahun 626 BCE, seorang raja baru, Nabopolassar, merasakan
bahawa pegangan pemerintah Assyria semakin lemah.

Menurut tablet tanah liat Babylon yang ditemui pada abad ke-19 menamakan Kejatuhan Nineveh
Chronicle, terdapat perebutan 12 tahun yang pahit antara Babylon dan Assyria, serta perang saudara
di Assyria sendiri.Mereka menggambarkan bahawa pada tahun kesepuluh Nabopolassar (616 BC)
orang Babylon mengalahkan tentera Assyria dan berarak ke atas sungai, memecat Mane, Sahiri dan
Baliḫu.

Konflik itu diperbaharui pada tahun depan, dengan orang Assyria memikul tentera mereka dan
memandu orang Babylon kembali ke Takritain.Nabopolassar ditempatkan tenteranya di kubu
Takritain, dan kedua-dua tentera berjuang di sana tahun depan.Orang Assyria telah dipukul dan
berundur ke Assyria.

Orang Babylon kemudiannya berurusan dengan Medes, Parsi, Cimmerians dan Scythians.Tentera
Median mengambil Tarbisu, berhampiran Nineveh, dan terkandung berhampiran; mereka kemudian
menyerang bandar Assur, dengan teks Babylon menceritakan bagaimana pada 614 SM sekutu
Median mereka memusnahkan kuil Assur dan memecat bandar, tetapi tentera mereka tidak sampai
ke bandar sehingga selepas terjunan telah dilakukan.

Pada tahun 612 BC, orang Bablyonia memakai tentera mereka sekali lagi dan bergabung dengan raja
Median Cyaxares encamping terhadap Nineveh.Mereka meletakkan pengepungan ke bandar selama
tiga bulan dan, pada bulan Ogos, akhirnya pecah melalui pertahanan dan mula meruntun dan
membakar bandar.Faktor utama kejatuhan bandar adalah Medes.Raja Assyria Sin-shar-ishkun
terbunuh dalam pengepungan.Abangnya Ashur-uballit II dijadikan Raja Assyria.Dia enggan tunduk,
bagaimanapun, dan berjaya berjuang keluar dari Nineveh, mengasaskan modal akhir di Harran.

Ia mengambil Nabopolassar sepuluh tahun untuk mengusir tentera Assyria dari Babylonia sendiri,
dan pada tahun 616 BCE dia mengetuai pencerobohan Assyria.Pada masa itu, orang-orang
ketidakpuasan lain tidak sabar-sabar untuk mendaftar dalam punca Babylon, termasuk beberapa
dari apa yang sekarang Iran.Tidak lama kemudian, Nabopolassar mengetuai tentera yang termasuk
rakyat Susa—sebuah bandar di kaki bukit pergunungan Zagros—dan Scythians, nomad dipasang (dan
berkuda yang menggerunkan) dari langkah.

Menurut tradisi yang dibentangkan di Diodorus, sungai Tigris membanjiri bandar.Walaupun

aspek ini telah diberi perhatian.Tentera sekutu memasuki kawasan dinding luar dan berjuang untuk
memasuki istana.

Kuil-kuil telah disalahirkan dan istana telah dibakar, walaupun ini tidak memusnahkan bandar, dan
mungkin telah membantu pemeliharaan teks tanah liat.

The Medes, orang-orang dari dataran Iran barat laut, berarak ke selatan untuk mengambil bandar
rumah asal Assyrias Assur pada 614 BCE,selepas itu mereka terlalu melanda pakatan dengan
Nabopolassar.

Bersama-sama, di bawah kepimpinan Babylon, sekutunya berpindah ke ibu negara Assyria,

sebelum ia jatuh.Bandar ini dipecat, dan Raja Sinsharushkin Assyria terbunuh.Walaupun begitu,
orang-orang Assyria tetap berkhidmat di

sekitar pemerintah baru, akan menjadi pemerintah, Ashuruballit, tetapi dia akhirnya dikalahkan
pada 608 BCE.