Intensive care unit equipment patient monitoring, life support and emergency resuscitation devices,

and diagnostic devices. Can be a column carries both ventilation and infusion devices

Basic equipment should include:

• ventilators for invasive and/or non-invasive ventilation

• hand ventilating assemblies

• suction apparatus

• airway access equipment, including a bronchoscope and equipment to assist with the

management of the difficult airway

• vascular access equipment

• monitoring equipment, both non-invasive and invasive

• defibrillation and pacing facilities

• equipment to control patient temperature

• chest drainage equipment

• infusion and specialised pumps

• portable transport equipment

• specialised beds

• lifting/weighing equipment

• access to ultrasound for placement of intravascular catheters

Disposable ICU equipment includes

 urinary (Foley) catheters,

 catheters used for arterial and central venous lines,
 Swan-Ganz catheters,
 chest and endotracheal tubes,
 gastrointestinal and nasogastric feeding tubes,
 monitoring electrodes.

Some patients may be requiring a posey vest, also called a Houdini jacket for safety; the purpose is
to keep the patient stationary.

 Spenco boots are padded support devices made of lamb's wool to position the feet and
ankles of the patient.
 Support hose may also be placed on the patient's legs to support the leg muscles and aid
circulation.
Patient monitoring equipment

Acute care physiologic monitoring system—comprehensive patient monitoring systems that can be
configured to continuously measure and display a number of parameters via electrodes and sensors
that are connected to the patient. These may include the electrical activity of the heart via an EKG,
respiration rate (breathing), blood pressure, body temperature, cardiac output, and amount of
oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Each patient bed in an ICU has a physiologic monitor that
measure these body activities.

 Pulse oximeter—monitors the arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (oxygen level) of the
patient's blood with a sensor clipped over the finger or toe.
 Intracranial pressure monitor—measures the pressure of fluid in the brain in patients with
head trauma or other conditions affecting the brain (such as tumors, edema, or
hemorrhage). These devices warn of elevated pressure and record or display pressure
trends. Intracranial pressure monitoring may be a capability included in a physiologic
monitor.
 Apnea monitor—continuously monitors breathing via electrodes or sensors placed on the
patient. An apnea monitor detects cessation of breathing in infants and adults at risk of
respiratory failure, displays respiration parameters, and triggers an alarm if a certain amount
of time passes without a patient's breath being detected. Apnea monitoring may be a
capability included in a physiologic monitor.

Life support and emergency resuscitative equipment

Ventilator —assists with or controls pulmonary ventilation in patients who cannot breathe on their
own. Ventilators consist of a flexible breathing circuit, gas supply, heating/humidification
mechanism, monitors, and alarms. They are microprocessor-controlled and programmable, and
regulate the volume, pressure, and flow of patient respiration. Ventilator monitors and alarms may
interface with a central monitoring system or information system.

Infusion pump—device that delivers fluids intravenously or epidurally through a catheter. Infusion
pumps employ automatic, programmable pumping mechanisms to deliver continuous anesthesia,
drugs, and blood infusions to the patient. The pump is hung on an intravenous pole placed next to
the patient's bed.

Crash cart—also called a resuscitation or code cart. This is a portable cart containing emergency
resuscitation equipment for patients who are "coding." That is, their vital signs are in a dangerous
range. The emergency equipment includes

 a defibrillator, airway intubation devices, a resuscitation bag/mask, and medication box.

Crash carts are strategically located in the ICU for immediate availability for when a patient
experiences cardiorespiratory failure.

Intraaortic balloon pump—a device that helps reduce the heart's workload and helps blood flow to
the coronary arteries for patients with unstable angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack), or
patients awaiting organ transplants. Intraaortic balloon pumps use a balloon placed in the patient's
aorta. The balloon is on the end of a catheter that is connected to the pump's console, which
displays heart rate, pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) readings. The patient's ECG is used to
time the inflation and deflation of the balloon.

Available for every patient:

Electrocardiograph - equipment to monitor and continuously display the electrocardiograph.

Pressure monitoring - equipment to monitor and continuously and simultaneously display arterial,
central venous and at least one other pressure (eg pulmonary artery, intracranial pressure).

Temperature – capacity to monitor central and cutaneous temperature.

Pulse oximeter

End tidal CO2 monitor - capnography must be available at each bed in the Intensive Care Unit and
must be used to confirm tracheal placement of the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube immediately
after insertion, and continuously in patients who are ventilator dependent.

Continuous monitoring of ventilation – when a ventilator is in use, ventilatory volumes should be

measured although it is accepted that this is not always possible with some ventilators. Airway and
respiratory circuit pressure must be monitored continuously, and prompt warning given of excessive
pressures.

Endotracheal cuff monitoring – equipment to measure cuff pressure intermittently.

Non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring

Oxygen analyser - An oxygen analyser must be available to measure the oxygen concentration
delivered by ventilators or breathing systems.

For COVID-19 Patients in ICU

ultrasound guided peripheral catheter insertion - the seldinger method should be used which
reduces the bleeding damages and infection risks brought about by intravascular cathterization by
venous angiotomy, especially for the early awake ECMO patients.

Sputum Suction Device - Use a closed sputum suction system, including closed suction catheter and
closed disposable collection bag, to reduce the formation of aerosol and droplets.

Disposable ventilator tubing with dual-loop heating wire and automatic humidifier to reduce the
formation of condensation.

Preparation of:

Continuous Renal Replacement Treatment {CRRT) Care . equipment, consumables, and

ultrafiltration medication

ALSS {Artificial Liver Support System) equipment, consumables, and medication

Each isolation room should have its own wash basin, en suite and appropriate facilities for
isolation such as an ante room of at least 3m2 and control of air flow.

Air Disinfection

(1) Plasma air sterilizers can be used and continuously run for air disinfection in an environment
with human activity;

(2) If there is no plasma air sterilizers, use ultraviolet lamps for 1 hour each time. Perform this
operation three times a day
Separate rooms prepared for

 Pharmacy/drug preparation area – for clean and rapid drug and fluid preparation.
 Equipment storage area – e.g. for monitors, ventilators, infusion pumps, dialysis equipment,
disposables, fluids, drip stands, trolleys, blood warmers, suction apparatus, linen, large items
of special equipment.
 Dirty utility – area for cleaning appliances, urine testing, emptying and cleaning bed pans
and urine bottles. Unit design should provide appropriate movement pathways for
contaminated equipment.

Cleaning Materials Required for daily use

 chlorine-containing disinfectant
 disposable water-soluble plastic bag
 TIE LOCKS ZIP LOCKS

PPE:

Level II Disposable surgical cap Fever outpatient department

protection
Medical protective mask (N95) Isolation ward area (including isolated
intensive ICU)
Work uniform
Non-respiratory specimen examination of
Disposable medical protective suspected/confirmed patients
uniform
Imaging examination of suspected/
Disposable latex gloves Goggles confirmed patients

Cleaning of surgical instruments used

suspected/confirmed patients

Level Ill Disposable surgical cap When the staff performs operations
such as tracheal intubation, tracheotomy,
medical protective mask (N95) bronchofibroscope, gastroenterological
endoscope, etc., during which, the
Work uniform suspected/confirmed
uniform patients may spray or splash
Disposable medical protective respiratory secretions or body fluids/blood
uniform
When the staff performs surgery and
Disposable latex gloves autopsy for confirmed/suspected
patients
Full-face respiratory protective
devices or powered air-purifying When the staff carries out NAT for COVID-19
respirator

Surgical room Put on double caps, All surgical personnel (including surgeons,
or operating anesthesiologists, hand-washing nurses, and
 room medical protective mask (N95), charge nurses in operating room) should put
on their PPE in the buffer room before
medical goggles, entering the operating room:

medical protective clothing, The surgeons and the hand-washing nurses

should wear disposable sterile operating
boot covers, clothes and sterile gloves in addition to the
PPE as mentioned
latex gloves,
Patients should wear disposable caps and
powered air-purifying respirator. disposable surgical masks according to their
situation;

Examination room Equipment:

Vital sign monitor: Heart rate Systolic and diastolic blood pressure Activity Temperature Respiration
rate Pulse oximetry), Examination couch , cabinet, weighing scale adult, Diagnostic set, Stethoscope
adult, examination lamp, , drip stand,) Instrument sets, dressing, examination, excisions, oxygen
concentrator, consumables cabinet, wheel chairs

Observation room Equipment:

Patient monitor: Heart rate Systolic and diastolic blood pressure Activity, (3-axis acceleration) ECG,
(2 channels) Temperature Respiration rate Pulse oximetry. Cabinet, defibrillator, diagnostic set,
Emergency trolley, suction machine, Ventilator transport, stretcher, Ceiling mounted OR light basic,
Electo Surgical Unit, Infusion pump, Oxygen Concentrator, Syringe pump, dressing trolley, drip
stand, patient bed

Diagnostic equipment

The use of diagnostic equipment is also required in the ICU. Mobile x-ray units are used for bedside
radiography, particularly of the chest. Mobile x-ray units use a battery-operated generator that
powers an x-ray tube. Handheld, portable clinical laboratory devices, or point-of-care) analyzers, are
used for blood analysis at the bedside. A small amount of whole blood is required, and blood
chemistry parameters can be provided much faster than if samples were sent to the central
laboratory.