Word processing features ay Toolbar ‘Typeface Undo Insert hyperlink Header Alignment Display graphies tools al WP featu-es - Microsoft W. Word processing A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by = entering commands and characters irom the keyboard, and |= print iton a printer The great advantage of word processing over using 8 typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire document. If you make a typing mistake, you simply back up the cursor and correct your mistake. Ifyou want to delete a paragraph, you simply remove it, without leaving a trace. Ie is equally easy eo insert a word, sentence or paragraph in the middle of a document ‘Word processors usually suppore these features (and a few ethers). + Car and paste: Allows you to remove (cut) a section of text and insert (paste) it somewhere else. ‘ Find and replace: Allows you to dicect the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that che ist group appears. * Word wrap: The word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line ‘with text, and ic will readjust text if you change the margins, reper + Print: Allows you to send a document to a printer to get hard copy. Font specificarions: Allows you to change fonts within a document. Far example, yon can specify bold, | italics, and undertining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and the typeface. [2 © Graphics: Allows you to inelude illustrations and graphs in.a document. Some programs let you ‘reate the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert a picture from a different A program. "+ Headers, footers and page numbering: Allows you to specify customized headers and footers thar | the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page. + Layout: Allows yon to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs —_how much space you leave between the margins and the paragraphs. = _ + Merge: Allows you to merge text from one fle into another fle. This is paticulasly useful for & generating many files that have the same format but differenc data. Generating, mailing labels is the = dlassic example of using merges. © Spell checker: A utility thar allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words = thatit does not recognize. 1+ Thesaurus: Allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor, The line dividing word processors from desktop publishing, systems is constantly shifting. In general, though, DTP applications support fincr control over layout and more support for full-colour documents Webopedia at wienwebopedi 31 ICT in Use | | 3/e] nrawe be/ autoshesess OO) Alo a dans 1 Bold text Footer Drawing too inser picture teletext Inserted etlink 34 Professional English in Use ICT sl12.1 12.2 12.3 Match words from the opposite page with these definitions 1 a program used for preparing documents and letters 2 a row of words tha open up menns when seleced 3 the distinctive design of lervers and characters, e.g, Arial, Courier 4 text printed in the top margin 5 text printed in the hortom margin G the way text is arranged on the page, including margins, paragraph format, columns, 7 a function that enables you to combine two files into one ete Label these word processing icons with the correct function, a cutand pase bg = $a Oe @ [a] aphies align left d undo —_€ inserc hyperlink. ‘Complete these statements with a term from A opposite. DA onus COD bold at 9 points. 2 Notice that when you get to the end of each line, Word starts a new line automatically, It moves the word you are typing to a new line when it enters an invisible margin running down the right-hand side of the screen. This feature is called nanan Beene AN nee ets you find a word and change it into another word throughout the text. 4,200 enn PFOGEAM can be used not only to rectify accidental spelling mistakes and typing errors, but also to speed! typing input. ists of three elements: typeface, type style and type sizes for example Ari 5 Many word processors include a --ony 80 YOu can look for words with similar meanings. 6 The nrnr nnn CONtAINS a COW OF icons that perform particular actions when clicked. 7 a paragraph involves moving your writing in from the margins of the page. For example, a left indent is the distance herween the leit margin and the text. You and computer a") Mercury Robots 49 Charles Place Se ecca erase tS London SW10 684 website to your word processor. Then - Phone 020 7385 1541 eae aur Recast Mr Vazquez Fax 020 7385 1390 Alonso Cano, 52 Pen es Madrid eeta eee ens Pee Peete ase nara oram enter) ees ene — ‘some descriptive leaflets with th a Pee ‘chnical dea of se robots Cobra and Hercules eee RASS Fes ‘models, | would like to draw your attention to the Cobra Mz which is designed for are welding. ‘The prices shown in our leaflets are net, but we offer 0) 2 Thank you for your interest in Mercur Thank ‘yo ry industrial eget eer cnc? Insert this email address below the fax discounts by negotiation. Mercury Warranty provides Deen oven Retr 2-year coverage. erreenm rer Q) rns deliver one oF our robot systems on a approval, for your Inspection. Mercury Warranty to bold Please do not hesitate to contact us (4) eRe tty {ook forward to hearing from you again soon. robot; you can download them from the (5) se . Web. Liz Brown ene ae Sales Office Manager Professional English in Use ICT 35Spreadsheets and databases HED Spreadsheet basics A spreadsheet program helps you manage personal and business finances. Spreadsheets, ‘or worksheets, are mathematical tables which show figures in rows and columns, A cell can hold three types of data: text, numbers and formulae, Formulae are entries that have an equation which calculates the value to displays we can use them to calculate totals, percentages, discounts, ete. Spreadsheets have many built-in funetions, pre- written instructions that can be carried out by referring to the function by name. For example, =SUM(D2:D7) means add up all the values in the cell = Men bar 1 currency | LA column is a vertical line of boxes, labelled with a letter, PA row is a horizontal line of bores, labelled with a number A cell is the intersection of a column and a row You enter range 7. fe ui am. ~" data into the active cell ele ili, Address of This cell contains The format menu lets you | the scive te resut oF choose font, alignment, | &el te Formula: borders, et, =SUM(D2:D7) HED Parts of a database Database basies A database is essentially a computerized record-keeping system. Each unit of information you create is called a record and each record is made up of a collection af fields. ‘Typically, a single record consists of a set of field names like: Title, FirstName, Sumame, JobTitle, TeINo and ID. You fill in a form with the relevant information for each field to add a new record to the database. There are different data types. @ Text ~ holds letters and numbers not used in calculations : A database fle © Number — can only hold numbers used in calculations and reports eigesineenan {© Memo ~ can store long texts in fielés grouped @ Date/Time — a date or time or combination of both on records © AuoNumber — assigns a number to each record @ OLE Object ~ (object linking and embedding) holds sounds and pictures @ Yes/No — for alternative values like trueffalse, yes/no, on/off, etc. @ Hyperlink — adds a link ro a website Once you have added data to a set of records, indexes must be created to help the database find specific records and sort (classify) records faster. An index performs the same function as in the back of a book or in a library. For example, if you regularly search your database by surname, the index should be defined on this field, Relational databases ‘Two database files can be related or joined as long as they hold a piece of data in common. A. file of employee names, for example, could include a field called ‘DEPARTMENT NUMBER? and another file, containing details of the department itself, could include the same ficld. This ‘common field can then be used to link the two files together. Extracting information from a database is known as performing a query. For example, if you want to know all customers that spend more than £9,000 per month, the program will search, the name field and the money field simaltaneousiy. 36 Profesional English in Use ICT13.1 Look at A opposite and find the terms which correspond with these definitions. 1 software which allows data to be displayed and managed in a table format 2 it gors up and down and has letter labels 3 ic goes across and has number labels 4/an area ina spreadsheet which contains data 5 the current cell where you enter information 6 mathematical equations that help you calculate and analyze data 7 ready-to-use formulae that help you perform specialized calculations, e.g. SUM, AVERAGE, etc. 13.2 Study the tables and then complete the text below with words from B opposite. Faia cto esa TD[Name|Sumame] Address | TeacherID] [TeacherID) Name | Sumame LLucy Reeve 3PondRoad 106 106 Tames Pullin 2Joe (Davey 7 Oxbury Close 107 107 Liz White STondonRoad Enalish 3 Adam Moore 1 Quebec Street 108 108 Karen Southwell § Granary Street ICT. —— Felationship between tables: the key field nas the same value in both tables A (1) smmsnmnnnnnee PFOGTaM allows the user fo store, change and retrieve information. A database file is a collection of records. Each (2) wweinssununnes contains a set of fields Fach (3) holds a separate piece of information; for example, a student file contains a list of records, each of which consists of several fields which give their name, address, birthday, ete. Tn a (4) ene _- database, information is stored in tables that have a connection or link with one another (see tables above) A database lets you create at (5) muna a list of records ordered according to the content of certain flelds; this helps you search and (6) records into numerical or alphabetical order very fast. It also has a (7) ... -- funetion which allows you to extract information that meets certain criteria 13.3 Look at this form of a music collection, Label the data types with words from B opposite Tawe aay, 2a te Toso in 3 —tumbarof coi 4 —psonm tes ie 8 6 Mote 7 a @ 8 ime te (SEE Lg to freee Form designed with Microsoft Access, 2 - = typical database program You and computers Mn CELeR SER morn Serer rnerd Des eevee il PEM camer rs Professional English in Use ICT 3713 Graphics and design HERD Types of graphics software Computer graphics are pictures created, changed or Wal = processed by computers. There are two categories. SAPS selection 1 Bitmapped graphics represent images as bitmaps; they- Eraser —@ |] Fill bucket are stored as pixels and can become a bit distorted Colour picker—g QQ t-zoom when they are manipulated. The density of dors, known as the resolution and expressed in dots per Peneil— | & y—Painthrush inch, detecmines how sharp the image is. Aivorash tent 2 Vector graphics represent images as mathematical formulae, so they can be changed or scaled without Line tool —\\ | 2 Curve losing quality: They are ideal for high-resolution output. There are different types of graphies sofewate & Image manipulation programs let you edit your favourite images. For example, you can sean a picture into your PC or transfer a photo from your camera and then add different effects, or filters. 1 Painting and drawing programs, also called illustration packages, offer facilites for freehand drawing, with a wide choiee of pens and brushes, colours and patterns. One example is Windows Paint. @ Business graphics programs, also called presentation software, let you create pie charts, bar charts and line graphs of all kinds for slide shows and reports. You can import data from a database or spreadsheet to generate the graphs. ® Computer-aided design (CAD) is used by engineers and architects to design everything from cars and planes to buildings and furniture. First they make a wireframe, a drawing, with edges and contour lines. Then if they want vo colour the objects and add texture, they create a surface for the object; this is called “filling the surface’, Finally, the design is rendered to make the object look realistic. Rendering is a process thar adds realism to geaphies by using shading, light sources and reflections, © Desktop publishing (DTP) is based around a page layout program, which lets you import text from a word processor, clip-art (ready made pictures) from graphics packages, and images from scanners or cameras, and arrange them all on a page. It is used to design and publish books, newspapers, posters, advertisements, etc. I art, or computer art, is done with applets that use mathematical formulae to create beautiful bright shapes called fractals. A fractal is a geometrical figure with special properties, eg. the Koch, snowflake or the Mandelbrot set. Fractals can also be used to model real objects like clouds, coastlines or landscapes. © Computer animation uses graphics programs (e.g. digital cartooning systems) to create or edit moving pictures. Each image in a sequence of images is called a ‘frame’. @ Geographic information systems (GIS) allow cartographers to create detailed maps. 38 Professional English in Use 1CT The original photo has been processed with Adobe Pretoshep using effects filters 3D wireframe drawing14.1 14.2 14.3 Read A opposite and decide which type of graphies software is best for these users 1 a person who wants to edit photos ar home an economist who wants to present statistics in a form that can be easily understood engineers who need to design the interior and exterior of a new aeroplane a company which needs to design and publish a magazine an artist who wants to produce illustrations and freehand drawings for a book an organization that neecls to make maps and 3D virtual models of the surface of the Earth computer animators who make movies like Toy Story and Shrek 8 a mathematician who wants to make fractal shapes of natural phenomena Nomson Complete the sentences with words from the box. wireframe fracrals adering clip-art 1 Painting programs work by giving a colour to each pixel in an image, creating & sumnnnnmun» Unlike vector graphics, the image is a single layer, so once something is painted, it becomes pars of the whole picture, 2 In painting programs and image editors, ae special effects that can be applied to a picture, including drop shadows, textures, distortions, etc. Example of a 3 The ww Model is the simplest interpretation of a true three- fractal dimensional object. Here the object is represented by its edges and contours and is therefore similar in form co a normal engineering drawing or sketch. 4 veenneneenn adds textures to each surface, and generates realistic reflections, shadows and highlights. 5 Most illustration packages come with a bundle of resources that include ready-made images and a selection of fonts. 6 are geometrical parrerns that are repeated at a small scale to generate irregular shapes, some of which are similar to objects in nature. Loolk at the Windows Paint toolbox opposite and find the tools that match these definitions. 1 This is like a magnifying glass which changes your view of a drawing. 2 This brush lets you paint in different shapes and patterns. 3 This is used to draw curves in different thicknesses. 4 This rubs out the part of the picture you drag it over: 5 This tool lets you pick a colour from an area of an image, instead of choosing the colour from the colour palette. 6 This tool is used to fill a shape with a colour of your choice. 7 This makes straight lines. 8 This basic tool is used to draw frechand, i. to draw free-form shapes. 9 This group of tools is used for drawing shapes: rectangles, ellipses and polygons. 10 This produces individual pixels of colour in a spray pattern. 11 These tools let you make rectangular or freehand selections around the things you want to select. 12 This is used to type text. er ntelcter iter: 1 Write about two possible applications of using computer graphics in business. 2 Can you think of one advantage of using computer araphies in the car industry? SRO Ug ee ee ee ee ee eee CTT Professional English in Use NT 39LEY Multimedia 40 A multimedia system ‘Multimedia refers to the technologies and applications that graphics, sound, video and animation. grate different media: text, Its power resis in interactivity, hypertext and hypermedia, Multimedia softwaze is usually imeractive, so you can choose what you want to watch, listen to or ‘Hypertext means that you can click on a word and jump to another screen with more information; hypermedia is similar, but works with sounds and images (e.g. the Web). An IT student says: “Luse mule for my esracuicular alive. {dovnload music fom te Net ard burm music onto CDs ~ | copy songe onto € | tle wits my frends on the Messenger, aleorelouch Ail pictures and edt video clip, “o rin multredia sofware you reed Gh CU, oxpardae RAM and a large Ror dik, ut eat marks a cempoier ‘out at 3 multimedia 76s is auto and Azo capebities a sound card a microphone, 2 decent pr of spearars 2 tigh- quality monitor and a tND writer; and as performance depents on all these comporens working in hareny Recognizing file formats ‘To identify the type of file, an extension is added to the filename when it is saved on disk. Common text 2), Grophies incase ears, You can heer soune extensions: Map| srotes craigs, ®) such as songs, movie spa [parable buttons ete roundtranie and decumert format] — ait orophics zocecres. Conan doc (M5 Word cocurent) erehange format audio format: itt (6h tent frat) Joa (peg = icine cnotograhic av (Windows wave audio format) Im or sal (hypertext markup experts grou) “ra [Reoiuco tie) Targuace fr Web fies) tif lagged mage fle “ips [compressed music Fes) Video cee to recording, ty Animations are mace Files compressed vith ceaiting and displaying up ofa series of B Wineip have a zip moving images rent petures sntesion Common formas put cagetner in sequence A popu format used avi (audio video interleave) to lock te moving plesres to compress and dstibure raves ‘mv (Quicktime movie) Semman formats on DVDS or over the Nes DX. “npg |mpeg mowing picture ait foraninsted gf 4 cgi video cade (COmoress, exper Ou) Sut for Fash fies DéCompress Applications @ In public places (e.g. museums and stations), there are information kiosks that use multimedia. @ In education, i is used in presentations and computer based ‘raining courses. @ On the Web, audio and video are integrated into web pages. For example, RealPlayer supports streaming, which lets you play sound (e.g. from radio stations) and video files as a continuous stream while they are downloading. @ In virmual reality, users interact with a simulated world: doctors ‘rain using virtual surgecy; pilots use flight simulators to do Multimedia has had a profound their trainings people visit virtual exhibitions, ete impact on ercyeopedtis You can play games on a computer or video games on a dedicated machine, called a video console, which you connect to a TV set. You can also play games on the Net; some websites have a multiplayer facility that enables lots of people to play the same game at the same time. Professional English in Use (CT15.1 15.2 15.3 Look ar A and B opposite and find the following. 1 the type of text that contains links to other texts 2 the expression that means ‘to record music onto a CD" 3 a system that combines hypertext and multimedia 4 the most common extensions for graphics files 5 the most common text formats 6 three popular video formats 7 three common file formats for storing audio data Solve the clues and complese the puzzle with words Roa from the opposite page. 1 A series of still images shown in sequence. 7 2 ceoesnn files are processed by sound software. I 3 In medicine, doctors use virtual oes SYStEMS tO simulate particular situations. 4 The suffix placed after a dot at the end of a filename, Fr 5A format used to compress and transmit movies over the Web. ® 6 People use special programs £0 su. and i decompress files so that they occupy less diske [TJ space 7 A video format developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. 8 A system of filming, processing and showing moving pictures. 9 gif stands for interchange formar. 10 The technique which allows you to play music and watch video before the entire file has downloaded. Down: The combination of moving and still images, sound, music and words. Complete the article with the words from the box. graphics interactive video games consoles ‘muliplayer Video Games ‘There are games you play on video (1)... such as Nintendo, Sega, and the PlayStation. ‘And there are games you play on a computer, either alone or at multiplayer online sites such as Microsoft’ Internet Gaming Zone and Battle.net. 2) vennmmmnnm have DEEN Made into films, such 2s Mortal Kombat 1 and 2, and film stars now sometimes appear in video games. The (3) in many games have taken on such a high degree of realism that they almost seem like film. The X-Files game was practically an (4)... ‘movie, full of actors from the show and sections of dialogue and video. Some people claim that the Blade Runner video game was better than the movie ~ not only were the sets incredible but you also got to control the action and the ending, (5) wvsnmnnnsemene Online gamning is the next wave in the video game world. It provides a better gaming experience, simply because people are more creative and more challenging adversaries than computers. Thousands of people can play simultaneously all over the world. Video Games ers oa ce MM Tene Rares oc eral ee oc eo ce entice saat 2 Write one advantage of using multimedia in a presentation, CO RCo NU ou cu Tasca Vee TOE Ren Professional English in Use 1CT 4