Ethylbenzene

GESTIS Substance Database

Ethylbenzene

IDENTIFICATION

IDENTIFICATION
Ethylbenzene
Phenylethane

ZVG No: 16210

CAS No: 100-41-4
EC No: 202-849-4
INDEX No: 601-023-00-4

CHARACTERISATION

SUBSTANCE GROUP CODE

140300 Hydrocarbons, aromatic

STATE OF AGGREGATION
The substance is liquid.

PROPERTIES
colourless

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION
Highly flammable liquid.
Vapours form explosive mixtures with air.
Very slightly soluble in water.
Lighter than water.

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Acute or chronic health hazards result from the substance.

(see: chapter REGULATIONS).

Substance information in Wikipedia

FORMULA

C8H10
C8H10

Molar mass: 106,17 g/mol

Conversion factor (gaseous phase) at 1013 mbar and 20 °C:
1 ml/m³ = 4,41 mg/m³

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MELTING POINT
Melting point: -95 °C
Reference: 00440

BOILING POINT
Boiling Point: 136 °C
Reference: 00440

DENSITY
DENSITY
Value: 0,87 g/cm³
Temperature: 20 °C
Reference: 00440

RELATIVE VAPOUR DENSITY

Ratio of the density to dry air at the same temperature and pressure
Value: 3,66
Reference: 00440

RELATIVE DENSITY OF THE VAPOUR-AIR-MIXTURE

Ratio of the density to dry air at 20 °C and standard pressure
Value: 1,03

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Reference: 99999

VAPOUR PRESSURE
Vapour pressure: 9,79 hPa
Temperature: 20 °C
Reference: 00446

Vapour pressure: 17,2 hPa

Temperature: 30 °C
Reference: 00446

Vapour pressure: 29 hPa

Temperature: 40 °C
Reference: 00446

Vapour pressure: 47,2 hPa

Temperature: 50 °C
Reference: 00446

FLASH POINT
Flash point: 23 °C
Closed cup
Reference: 00440

IGNITION TEMPERATURE
Ignition temperature: 430 °C
Temperature class: T2
Reference: 00440

EXPLOSION DATA
Lower explosion limit:
1,0 vol.%
43 g/m³
Upper explosion limit:
7,8 vol.%
340 g/m³
Lower explosion point:
19 °C
Explosion group: IIA-B
Reference: 00440

SOLUBILITY IN WATER

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Concentration: 0,17 g/l

Temperature: 25 °C
Reference: 00440

PARTITION COEFFICIENT (octanol/water)

log Kow: 3,15
Recommended value of LOG KOW Databank.
Reference: 02070

HAZARDOUS REACTIONS
Thermal decomposition:
Decomposition when heated.

Decompositon products:
Hydrogen
styrene
methane
ethane

Hazardous chemical reactions:

The substance can react dangerously with:
strong oxidizing agents

TOXICOLOGY / ECOTOXICOLOGY

TOXICOLOGICAL DATA
LD50 oral rat
Value: 3500 mg/kg
AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 14, Pg. 387, 1956.

LD50 dermal
Species: Rabbit
Value: 15400 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 803, 1975.

Reference: 02071

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL DATA

LC50 Fish (96 hours)

Minimum: 3,72 mg/l
Maximum: 285 mg/l
Median: 80 mg/l
Study number: 27

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Reference for median:

Mayer, F.L.Jr., and M.R. Ellersieck 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and
Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals.
Resour.Publ.No.160, U.S.Dep.Interior, Fish Wildl.Serv., Washington, DC :505 p.
(USGS Data File)

LC50 Crustaceans (48 hours)

Minimum: 8,78 mg/l
Maximum: 75 mg/l
Median: 16,2 mg/l
Study number: 6
Reference for median:
MacLean, M.M., and K.G. Doe 1989. The Comparative Toxicity of Crude and Refined
Oils to Daphnia magna and Artemia. Environment Canada, EE-111, Dartmouth, Nova
Scotia :64 p.

EC50 Crustaceans (48 hours)

Minimum: 2,93 mg/l
Maximum: 13,3 mg/l
Median: 4,75 mg/l
Study number: 4
Reference for median:
MacLean, M.M., and K.G. Doe 1989. The Comparative Toxicity of Crude and Refined
Oils to Daphnia magna and Artemia. Environment Canada, EE-111, Dartmouth, Nova
Scotia :64 p.

EC50 Algae (72 or 96 hours)

Test duration: 72 hours
Minimum: 4,6 mg/l
Maximum: 5,4 mg/l
Median: 5 mg/l
Study number: 2
Reference for median:
Galassi, S., M. Mingazzini, L. Vigano, D. Cesareo, and M.L. Tosato 1988. Approaches
to Modeling Toxic Responses of Aquatic Organisms to Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 16(2):158-169; Masten, L.W., R.L. Boeri, and J.D. Walker 1994.
Stategies Employed to Determine the Acute Aquatic Toxicity of Ethyl Benzene, a Highly
Volatile, Poorly Water-Soluble Chemical. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 27(3):335-348

Reference: 02072

EC50 Algae (72 or 96 hours)

Test duration: 96 hours
Minimum: 3,6 mg/l
Maximum: 3,6 mg/l

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Median: 3,6 mg/l

Study number: 1
Reference for median:
Masten, L.W., R.L. Boeri, and J.D. Walker 1994. Stategies Employed to Determine the
Acute Aquatic Toxicity of Ethyl Benzene, a Highly Volatile, Poorly Water-Soluble
Chemical. Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 27(3):335-348

Reference: 02072

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FIRST AID

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
Main Routes of exposure:
The main intake pathway for ethylbenzene (E.) is via the respiratory tract and the skin.
[7619]

Respiratory tract:
Inhalation is usually the primary route of exposure in the workplace.
Vapors of the volatile E. can easily be taken up via the respiratory tract. 49% - 64% of
the dose inhaled by volunteers was absorbed. [7620, 7619]

Skin:
Skin contact with the liquid would be expected to lead to relevant uptake.
A flux of 2.2 mg/cm² x h for mice and 2.8 mg/cm² x h for rats was determined in studies
with skin contact with the undiluted substance. For humans, the absorption would be
expected to be only 1/6 of these values (results of comparative studies with toluene).
Based on this, the wetting of both hands and forearms (approx. 2000 cm²) for 1 hour
would be expected to lead to an uptake of up to 5.6 mg of E. [7619]
Vapors are not absorbed through the skin to any significant extent. [7620]

Gastrointestinal tract:
A high proportion of doses applied orally to rodents was absorbed (approx. 70 - 85%).
[220] Effective absorption would also be expected for humans. [7619]

TOXIC EFFECTS
Main toxic effects:
Acute:
Irritation to the mucous membranes and the skin,
disturbance to the central nervous system at high concentrations [220, 7619]
Chronic:
Insufficient information available for humans [99983]

Acute toxicity:
Animal experiments indicate that the potential of liquid E. to cause irritation is relatively
low.
Undiluted E. was slightly irritating in tests on rabbits’ eyes.

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Contact with the skin of rabbits for 24 hours led to moderate irritation. [7935, 220]
Occupational handling of the substance has not provided any indications of
sensitization. [99983] No skin sensitization could be induced in a study on volunteers
as well (maximization test with 10% E.). [7619]
The dermal toxicity was found to be very low in animal experiments. LD50 values
determined in rabbits were above 5000 mg/kg bw and sometimes significantly higher
(e.g. 15400 mg/kg bw following 24 h covered skin contact). [7935, 220]
Experience by humans concerns inhalative exposure.
Concentrations relevant to occupational exposures have been examined in a series of
studies on volunteers:
At a concentration of 25 ppm for 7.5 h 3 of 9 volunteers felt slight, temporary irritation
while at 100 ppm they similary mostly only initially felt slight irritation on their faces.
Volunteers found alternating concentrations of 10 and 190 ppm for 4 h unpleasant but
this was attributed mainly to the unpleasant smell. Objectively no irritation was found.
No limitations to hearing could be found for an 8 h exposure to E. with peak
concentrations of up to 125 ppm, not even combined with exposure to noise. [7619]
At higher concentrations E. caused irritation to the eyes and airways. There are
disturbances to the CNS with symptoms such as tiredness, headache and dizziness.
These symptoms are considered to start at about 1000 ppm with strong lacrimation but
there can be adaption. 2000 ppm rapidly caused irritation and dizziness while the
irritation caused by 5000 ppm to the eyes and nose was no longer tolerable. [7619,
7748]
The 4h LC50 for rats was determined to be 4000 ppm. [220]
Oral poisoning of humans has not been reported. [99983] In principle, the symptoms
expected would be similar to the systemic effects seen following inhalation (nausea,
vomiting, headache, dizziness, at high concentrations unconsciousness). [419]
Animal experimental data indicate that the systemic toxicity following oral intake of E. is
low (oral LD50 for rats: 2700 - 5550 mg/kg bw). [220, 419]
However, it is important to note that the aspiration of even very low doses can lead to
acute, life-threatening lung damage. [419, 454] Liquid aspirated in animal experiments
caused the immediate death of the animals. [7935]

Chronic toxicity:
Studies on persons occupationally exposed do not allow any definite conclusions to be
drawn on the long-term effects caused by E. There was mixed exposure whenever
effects were observed in individual studies on workers, so it is difficult to determine
which component caused the effects.
In animal experiments, repeated dermal application of liquid E. caused irritative skin
damage. [7619] This was probably promoted by the degreasing effect of E. and should
also be expected for humans. [99999]
A whole series of animal experiments with long-term inhalation and some studies with
oral administration are available. An overall evaluation of these has been carried out:
In studies on rats, the kidneys were the main target organ for chronic toxic (and also
carcinogenic) effects. However, in any case it was mainly the male rats which showed
signs of an alpha-2-microglobin-induced nephropathy (a largely species- and
sex-specific effect). The toxicity to the kidneys was lower for female rats. In addition, for
rats there were effects to the testes, liver and lungs.

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The main target organs for toxic (and carcinogenic) effects in mice were the liver and
the lungs, to a lesser extent the thyroid gland and the hematopoietic system.
In recent studies to investigate the ototoxicity on rats, signs of these effects were found
at high exposure (significant effects above 600 ppm).
Overall, proliferation of liver cells was the most sensitive endpoint. The NOAEL of 75
mg/kg bw x d was derived from a 13-week feeding study on rats. In addition, a NOAEC
of 75 ppm was derived in a subacute inhalation study on mice. These values form the
basis to derive threshold values for workplaces. [7619]

Reproductive toxicity, Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity:

For classifying the reproductive toxicity and mutagenic and carcinogenic potential see
list in Annex VI of the CLP regulation / TRGS 905 / List of MAK values (see section
REGULATIONS).
(see section REGULATIONS).
Reproductive toxicity:
There is no reason to fear a risk of damage to the developing embryo or foetus when
MAK and BAT values are observed.
In studies on developmental toxicity with prenatal exposure of rats, fetotoxic effects
(decrease in fetal weights) were found only at high exposures which were already
maternal toxic and no teratogenic effects were seen (NOAEL for fetotoxicity: 500 ppm).
There were no effects to the offspring of rats exposed up to the highest concentration
tested of 500 ppm in a 2-generation study and in studies on the postnatal
developmental neurotoxicity of the offspring (F2 generation) of exposed rats.
The available studies provided no indication of any disturbances to fertility. [7619]
Mutagenicity:
The numerous in-vitro and in-vivo tests did not find any significant genotoxicity. There
are also no indications of any mutagenic effects to germ cells. [7619]
Carcinogenicity:
So long a workplace threshold concentration of 20 ppm is not exceeded, the cancer risk
in humans is not considered to be significantly increased.
In animal experiments there was an increased incidence of tumors starting at 250 ppm
but this was considered to be the result of damage to organ functions. The derivation of
a threshold value is possible in this situation because genotoxicity is considered here
only to play a minor role, if any. [7619]

Biotransformation and Excretion:

E. which has been absorbed is metabolized in the body rapidly and almost completely.
Only a small part is exhaled unchanged and a very small part of it can be found in the
fatty tissue over a long period of time.
The metabolism of E. takes place mainly via the oxidation of the side chain but the final
metabolic products differ between humans and rodents. The main metabolites for
humans are mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid which are formed in the
relationship 2:1. About 90% of the E. absorbed is transformed to these metabolites.
The half-life for the excretion in the urine is between 5 and 7 hours. Aromatic ring
hydroxylation takes place to a limited degree and the most important metabolites are
2-ethylphenol and 4-ethylphenol. These metabolites similarly are rapidly excreted in the
urine.
It is relevant to note that long periods of exposure to E. or exposure to high

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concentrations can cause a change in the relationships within the spectrum of

metabolites via induction of enzymes (in particular cytochrome P450).
Methods suitable for establishing exposure are the determination of ethylbenzene in the
blood and the determination of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in the urine
together with/or 2-ethylphenol and 4-ethylphenol in the urine. A particularly feasible
method is the determination of the sum of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in the
urine but noting this parameter is not quite specific to E. as other compounds such as
styrene are also transformed to these final metabolic products. [7619, 7620]

Annotation:
This occupational health information was compiled on 22.01.2014.
It will be updated if necessary.
Checked on 09.09.2019

FIRST AID
Eyes:
Rinse the affected eye with widely spread lids for 10 minutes under running water whilst
protecting the unimpaired eye.
Arrange medical treatment.
[2001]

Skin:
Remove contaminated clothing while protecting yourself.
Cleanse the affected skin areas thoroughly with soap under running water.
Following extensive contamination, take simultaneous inhalation into account.
Arrange for medical treatment.
[2001]

Respiratory tract:
Whilst protecting yourself remove the casualty from the hazardous area and take him to
the fresh air.
Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.
In the case of breathing difficulties have the casualty inhale oxygen.
If the casualty is unconscious but breathing lay him in a stable manner on his side.
If the casualty has stopped breathing give mouth to nose resuscitation. If this is not
possible use mouth to mouth resuscitation. Keep his respiratory tract clear.
Arrange medical treatment.
[2001, 22]

Swallowing:
Rinse the mouth and spit the fluids out.
Do not make the casualty vomit.
Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.
In the meantime, call a physician to the site of the accident.
During spontaneous vomiting hold the head of the casualty low with the body in a prone
position in order to avoid aspiration.
[454, 419]

Information for physicians:

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- Symptoms of acute poisoning:

Eyes: from the liquid or vapors burning pain, lacrimation, reddening, possibly superficial
epithelial damage, mostly rapidly reversible [2001, 7619, 7748]
Skin: degreasing, reddening, following prolonged contact moderate irritation; [22, 2001,
7619] absorptive-toxic effects following extensive contact from inhalation rather than
from dermal absorption [99999]
Inhalation: irritation especially in the nose/throat, at high concentrations chest tightness
and rapid systemic effects [7619, 7748]
following aspiration of liquid: retching, tachypnea, bronchospasm, danger of pulmonary
edema/alveolar hemorrhages/pneumonia [454, 419, 99996]
Ingestion: probably burning in throat/esophagus, gastrointestinal disturbances with
vomiting (danger of aspiration!); absorptive-toxic effects [2001, 99999]
Absorption: CNS depression with symptoms such as headache, nausea, dizziness,
drowsiness through to loss of consciousness; [7619, 419] in extreme cases coma,
seizures/convulsions with danger of respiratory paralysis or cardiovascular failure.
[8088]

- Medical advice:
Rinse contaminated eyes with water and subsequently consult an ophthalmologist. [22]
Cleanse contaminated skin with plenty of soap and water. [2001]
Following inhalation supply fresh air or have the casualty breathe oxygen. Avoid both
loss of body heat and physical exertion (to prevent release of adrenalin). For respiratory
insufficiency intubation and resuscitation. The use of high inspiratory oxygen
concentration and PEEP is favorable. [7978]
Following very massive inhalation or if there is suspicion of aspiration, prophylactic
measures for pulmonary edema and pneumonia can become necessary. [2001, 5200,
22]
After swallowing, adminstration of activated charcoal is recommended. [454, 5200]
Only following massive ingestion (amounts of >1 ml/kg bw) is immediate gastrolavage
with addition of activated charcoal to be considered - due to the very high risk of
aspiration always following endotracheal intubation! Never administer milk, castor oil (or
similar) or alcohol! [8088]
Systemic poisoning involving unconsciousness requires immediate cardiopulmonary
cerebral resuscitation.
Avoid the administration of catecholamines in the initial phase of poisoning (danger of
cardiac interactions!); for hypotension let the casualty take a head-down position;
administer electrolyte solutions/plasma expanders. [7978, 5200]
Demonstrated ventricular fibrillation (ECG on the spot if possible) should be terminated
by electrical defibrillation. When not available or if ineffective, use lidocaine (initially 1.5
mg/kg bw i.v.; then infuse 2 - 4 mg/min) or (or if lidocaine is ineffective) use of another
suitable antiarrhythmic agent. [8004, 7978]
For anticonvulsive therapy first use diazepam (10 - 20 mg, i.v.), equipment for artificial
respiration must be available. [7978, 22]
Hospitalization always. Check the cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney and liver functions
as well as the neurological state and the complete blood count. [8088]

Recommendations:

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Provide the physician information about the substance/product and treatment already
administered.
[99999]

Annotation:
This first aid information was compiled on 22.01.2014.
It will be updated if necessary.

SAFE HANDLING

TECHNICAL MEASURES - HANDLING

Workplace:
Provision of very good ventilation in the working area.
Use a trap if there is a floor drain.
Washing facility at the workplace required.
When handling excessive amounts of the substance an emergency shower is required.

Equipment:
Use only closed apparatus.
If dangerous pressure can arise from contact with heat, suitable safety measures and
equipment should be provided.
If release of the substance cannot be prevented, then it should be suctioned off at the
point of exit.
Consider emission limit values, a purification of waste gases if necessary.
Label containers and pipelines clearly.
Unsuitable materials:
Rubber

Advice on safer handling:

Take care to maintain clean working place.
The substance must not be present at workplaces in quantities above that required for
work to be progressed.
Do not leave container open.
Sufficient ventilation must be guaranteed for refilling, transfer, or open use.
Do not transport with/using compressed air.
Avoid splashing.
Fill only into labelled container.
Avoid any contact when handling the substance.
Use an appropriate exterior vessel when transporting in fragile containers.

Cleaning and maintenance:

Use protective equipment while cleaning if necessary.
Only conduct maintenance and other work on or in the vessel or closed spaces after
obtaining written permission.

TECHNICAL MEASURES - STORAGE

Storage:

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Do not use any food containers - risk of mistake.

Containers have to be labelled clearly and permanently.
Store in the original container as much as possible.
Use breakable containers only up to 2 litres content.
Keep container tightly closed.
Recommended storage at room temperature.
Store in a dry place.
Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
Store apart from sources of ignition and heat.
Store smaller vessels in cabinets with collecting tubs.
The maximum permissible stored quantities are to be found in the Technische Regel für
Gefahrstoffe "Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen in ortsbeweglichen Behältern" (TRGS 510).
Storage is not permissible in hallways, thoroughfare, stairways, public hallways and
corridors, on the roof, in attics, and in workrooms.

Conditions of collocated storage:

Storage class 3 (Flammable liquid substances)
Only substances of the same storage class should be stored together.
Collocated storage with the following substances is prohibited:
- Pharmaceuticals, foods, and animal feeds including additives.
- Infectious, radioactive und explosive substances.
- Gases.
- Other explosive substances of storage class 4.1A.
- Flammable solid substances or desensitized substances of storage class 4.1B.
- Pyrophoric substances.
- Substances liberating flammable gases in contact with water.
- Strongly oxidizing substances of storage class 5.1A.
- Ammonium nitrate and preparations containing ammonium nitrate.
- Organic peroxides and self reactive substances.
- Non combustible acutely toxic substances of storage class 6.1B.
Under certain conditions the collocated storage with the following sub-stances is
permitted (For more details see TRGS 510):
- Oxidizing substances of storage class 5.1B.
- Noncombustible toxic or chronically acting substances of storage class 6.1D.
- Combustible solids of storage class 11.
The substance should not be stored with substances with which ha-zardous chemical
reactions are possible.

TECHNICAL MEASURES - FIRE AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION

Technical, constructive measures:
Substance is combustible.
Fire fighting equipment must be available.
The possibility of the formation of a hazardous explosive atmosphere must be
evaluated in the risk assessment. Depending on the result of the risk assessment,
measures in accordance with TRGS 722 (prevention of formation), TRGS 723
(prevention of ignition) and TRGS 724 (constructive explosion protection) may be
required.

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Take precautionary measures against static discharges.

Earth all parts which can be electrically charged.

Precaution on handling:
The vapour-air-mixture is explosive.
Area with explosion risk.
Keep at a distance from sources of ignition (e.g. electrical devices, open flames, heat
sources, sparks).
Observe the smoking prohibition!
Absolutely no welding in the working area.
Only work with vessels and lines after these have been thoroughly rinsed.
Work done with fire or open flame should only be carried out with written permission if
the risk of fire or explosion cannot be completely eliminated.
Use caution with empty vessels; explosion is possible in case of ignition.
Do not use any tools that cause sparks.
It must be avoided that gases or vapours can escape into other rooms where sources
of ignition are present.

ORGANISATIONAL MEASURES
Instruction on the hazards and the protective measures using instruction manual (
TRGS 555) are required with signature if just more than one minor hazard was
detected.
Instruction must be provided before employment and then at a minimum of once per
annum thereafter.
An escape and rescue plan must be prepared when the location, scale, and use of the
work-site so demand.
It must be assured that the workplace limit values are being maintained. If the limit
values are exceeded, additional protection measures are necessary.
The measurements must be recorded and kept on file.
Observe the restrictions on juvenile employment as defined in the
"Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz".
Only employees are permitted to enter the work areas. Signposting to this effect must
be displayed.

PERSONAL PROTECTION
Body protection:
Depending on the risk, wear a suitable protective clothing or a suitable chemical
protection suit.
Wear flameproof, antistatic protective clothing.

Respiratory protection:
In an emergency (e.g.: unintentional release of the substance, exceeding the
occupational exposure limit value) respiratory protection must be worn. Consider the
maximum period for wear.
Respiratory protection: Gas filter A, Colour code brown.
Use insulating device for concentrations above the usage limits for filter devices, for
oxygen concentrations below 17% volume, or in circumstances which are unclear.

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Eye protection:
Sufficient eye protection should be worn.
Wear glasses with side protection.

Hand protection:
Use protective gloves. The glove material must be sufficiently impermeable and
resistant to the substance. Check the tightness before wear. Gloves should be well
cleaned before being removed, then stored in a well ventilated location. Pay attention to
skin care.
Skin protection cremes do not protect sufficiently against the substance.
The following materials are suitable for protective gloves (Permeation time >= 8 hours):
Fluoro carbon rubber - FKM (0,4 mm)
Following materials are unsuitable for protective gloves because of degradation, severe
swelling or low permeation time:
Natural rubber/Natural latex - NR
Polychloroprene - CR
Nitrile rubber/Nitrile latex - NBR
Butyl rubber - Butyl
Polyvinyl chloride - PVC
The times listed are suggested by measurements taken at 22 °C and constant contact.
Temperatures raised by warmed substances, body heat, etc. and a weakening of the
effective layer thickness caused by expansion can lead to a significantly shorter
breakthrough time. In case of doubt contact the gloves' manufacturer. A 1.5-times
increase / decrease in the layer thickness doubles / halves the breakthrough time. This
data only applies to the pure substance. Transferred to mixtures of substances, these
figures should only be taken as an aid to orientation.

Occupational hygiene:
Foods, beverages and other articles of consumption must not be consumed at the work
areas. Suitable areas are to be designated for these purposes.
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Avoid contact with clothing. Contaminated clothes must be exchanged and cleaned
carefully.
Increased risk of combustion from wicking.
The skin must be washed with soap and water before breaks and at the end of work.
Apply fatty skin-care products after washing.

DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Hazardous waste according to Waste Catalogue Ordinance (AVV).
If there is no way of recycling it must be disposed of in compliance with the respective
national and local regulations.

Collection of small amounts of substance:

Place in a collection container for halogen-free organic solvents and solutions of
halogen-free organic substances.
Collection vessels must be clearly labelled with a systematic description of their
contents. Store the vessels in a well-ventilated location. Entrust them to the appropriate

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authorities for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Shut off all sources of ignition.
Evacuate area. Warn affected surroundings.
Wear respiratory protection, eye protection, hand protection and body protection (see
chapter Personal Protection).
Absorb any spilt liquid with an absorbent (e.g. diatomite, vermiculite, sand) and dispose
of according to regulations.
Use non-sparking tools.
Afterwards ventilate area and wash spill site.

Endangerment of watert:
Low hazard to waters. Inform the responsible authorities when very large quantities get
into water, drainage, sewer, or the ground.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Classes of fires:
B liquid or melting substances

Suitable extinguishing media:

Dry extinguishing powder
Carbon dioxide

Instructions:
Cool surrounding containers with water spray.
If possible, take container out of dangerous zone.
Heating causes a rise in pressure, risk of bursting and
explosion.
Shut off sources of ignition.
Beware of backfire.
Heavy generation of soot.
Use only explosion proved equipment.
Explosion danger by penetration into sewerage.

Special protective equipment:

In the case of a fire hazardous substances can be released.
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

REGULATIONS

EUROPEAN GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING

Classification:
Flammable liquids, Category 2; H225

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Aspiration hazard, Category 1; H304

Acute toxicity, Category 4, inhalation; H332
Specific Target Organ Toxicity (repeated exposure), Category 2; H373

Signal Word: "Danger"

Hazard Statement - H-phrases:

H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H332: Harmful if inhaled.
H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
-------- Affected organs: hearing organs

Precautionary Statement - P-phrases:

P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition
sources. No smoking.
P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or
doctor/physician.
P331: Do NOT induce vomiting.
P370+P378: In case of fire: Use dry powder or dry sand to extinguish.
P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.

Manufacturer's specification by Sigma-Aldrich

Reference: 01221
State: 2018
Checked: 2019

The substance is listed in appendix VI, table 3 of CLP regulation.

The given classification can deviate from the listed classification, since this
classification is to be complemented concerning missing or divergent danger classes
and categories for the respective substance.

Reference: 99999

GHS-CLASSIFICATION OF MIXTURES
The classification of mixtures containing this substance results from Annex 1 of
Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.

Reference: 99999

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 16/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

WORKPLACE LABELLING ACCORDING TO GERMAN ASR A1.3

Prohibition label:

No open flame; fire, open ignition sources and smoking

prohibited

No admittance for unauthorized persons

Warning label:

Caution - inflammable material

Precept label:

Use safety goggles

Wear safety gloves

GERMAN WATER HAZARD CLASS

Substance No: 99
WGK 1 - low hazard to waters
Classification according to the announcement of the list of substances hazardous to
water in the Federal Register of 10.08.2017, last update 06.08.2020

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS ON AIR QUALITY CONTROL (TA LUFT)

Chapter 5.2.5 Organic Substances.
The following values, specified as overall carbon, are in all not allowed to be exceeded
in exhaust gas:
Mass flow: 0,50 kg/hr
or

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 17/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Mass conc.: 50 mg/m³

At old units with an annual mass flow till 1,5 Mg/a, specified as total carbon, the
emissions in exhaust gas are not allowed to exceed 1,5 kg/h.

TRANSPORT REGULATIONS

UN Number: 1175
Shipping name: Ethylbenzene
Hazard Identification Number: 33
Class: 3 (Flammable Liquids)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Danger Label: 3

Classification F1
code:

Tunnel restrictions:
Transports in bulk or in tanks: passage forbidden through tunnels of category D and E.
Other transports: passage forbidden through tunnels of category E.

Reference: 07902

TRGS 900 - GERMAN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES

20 ml/m³
88 mg/m³

Peak limitation: Excursion factor 2

Duration 15 min, mean; 4 times per shift; interval 1 hour
Category II - Substances with systemic effects

Risk of percutaneous absorption

There is no reason to fear a risk of damage to the developing embryo or foetus when
AGW and BGW are adhered to.

Source: DFG, EU

EC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES

Directive 2000/39/EC
Recommended indicative occupational exposure limit value for the European
Union
A national occupational exposure limit value has to be set.
8 hours limit value: 442 mg/m³ (100 ppm)

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 18/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Short term limit value: 884 mg/m³ (200 ppm)

RECOMMENDATIONS OF MAK-COMMISSION
This data is recommended by scientific experience and is not established law.

20 ml/m³
88 mg/m³

Peak limitation: Excursion factor 2

Duration 15 min, mean; 4 times per shift; interval 1 hour
Category II - Substances with systemic effects

Risk of percutaneous absorption

Carcinogenic: Category 4
Substances which are carcinogenic with no or minor genetically toxical effects. If there
is a MAK-value for these substances no considerable contribution to the hazard of
cancer will be expected.

Pregnancy: Group C
There is no reason to fear damage to the embryo or foetus when MAK and BAT values
are observed.

GERMAN BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES

Parameter: Mandelic acid plus phenyl glyoxylic acid
Value: 250 mg/g
Remark: creatinine
Assay material: Urine
Sampling time: end of exposure/end of shift
Reference: 05347

DIRECTIVE 2012/18/EU (Seveso III)

Annex I Part 1 Section: P5a
Flammable liquids Category 2 or 3 (or other liquids with a flash point ≤ 60 °C),
maintained at a temperature above their boiling point
Qualifying quantity for the application of
Lower-tier requirements: 10 t
Upper-tier requirements: 50 t

Annex I Part 1 Section: P5b

Flammable liquids Category 2 or 3 (or other liquids with a flash point ≤ 60 °C), where
particular processing conditions, such as high pressure or high temperature, may
create major-accident hazardsor-accident hazards
Qualifying quantity for the application of
Lower-tier requirements: 50 t
Upper-tier requirements: 200 t

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 19/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Annex I Part 1 Section: P5c

Flammable liquids, Category 2 or 3 not covered by P5a and P5b
Qualifying quantity for the application of
Lower-tier requirements: 5000 t
Upper-tier requirements: 50000 t

RESTRICTIONS OF USE / BANS OF USE

REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII
Annex XVII, Point 3
1. The putting into circulation and the utilisation of the substance is not allowed in
decorative objects, games and joke articles.
2. Substances labelled with H304 which can be utilised as fuels in decorative lamps
and are put in circulation in amounts of 15 l or less must not contain a dye and/or a
perfume.
Further information on prohibitions can be taken from the regulation.
Annex XVII, Point 40
Shall not be used, as substance or as mixtures in aerosol dispensers
where these aerosol dispensers are intended for supply to the general
public for entertainment and decorative purposes such as the following:
— metallic glitter intended mainly for decoration,
— artificial snow and frost,
— “whoopee” cushions,
— silly string aerosols,
— imitation excrement,
— horns for parties,
— decorative flakes and foams,
— artificial cobwebs,
— stink bombs.
Further information on prohibitions and exceptions can be taken from the regulation.

Annex XVII to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, consolidated version (BAUA) (only in

German)

Consumer Goods Ordinance

Attachment 1 to § 3, Point 5
The substance must not be utilised for the production or treatment of joke articles.

TECHNICAL RULES FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

TRGS 201
Einstufung und Kennzeichnung bei Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen; Ausgabe Februar
2017, zuletzt geändert und ergänzt April 2018

TRGS 400
Gefährdungsbeurteilung für Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen; Ausgabe Juli 2017

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 20/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

TRGS 555
Betriebsanweisung und Information der Beschäftigten; Ausgabe Februar 2017

TRGS 600
Substitution; Ausgabe Juli 2020

TRGS 402
Ermitteln und Beurteilen der Gefährdungen bei Tätigkeiten mit Gefahrstoffen: Inhalative
Exposition; Ausgabe Januar 2010, zuletzt geändert und ergänzt Oktober 2016

TRGS 401
Gefährdung durch Hautkontakt, Ermittlung - Beurteilung - Maßnahmen; Ausgabe Juni
2008; zuletzt berichtigt März 2011

TRGS 500
Schutzmaßnahmen; Ausgabe September 2019

TRGS 509
Lagern von flüssigen und festen Gefahrstoffen in ortsfesten Behältern sowie Füll- und
Entleerstellen für ortsbewegliche Behälter; Ausgabe September 2014, zuletzt berichtigt,
geändert und ergänzt Oktober 2020

TRGS 510
Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen in ortsbeweglichen Behältern; Ausgabe Januar 2013,
geändert und ergänzt November 2014, berichtigt November 2015

TRGS 800
Brandschutzmaßnahmen; Ausgabe Dezember 2010

TRGS 720
Gefährliche explosionsfähige Gemische - Allgemeines; Ausgabe Juli 2020

TRGS 721
Gefährliche explosionsfähige Gemische - Beurteilung der Explosionsgefährdung;
Ausgabe März 2006, zuletzt berichtigt, geändert und ergänzt Oktober 2020

TRGS 722
Vermeidung oder Einschränkung gefährlicher explosionsfähiger Atmosphäre, Ausgabe
März 2012

TRGS 723
Gefährliche explosionsfähige Gemische - Vermeidung der Entzündung gefährlicher
explosionsfähiger Gemische; Ausgabe Juli 2019, zuletzt berichtigt, geändert und
ergänzt Oktober 2020

TRGS 724
Gefährliche explosionsfähige Gemische - Maßnahmen des konstruktiven
Explosionsschutzes, welche die Auswirkung einer Explosion auf ein unbedenkliches
Maß beschränken, Ausgabe Juli 2019

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 21/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

REGULATIONS OF GERMAN ACCIDENT INSURERS

DGUV Regel 112-190
Benutzung von Atemschutzgeräten, Ausgabe Dezember 2011
http://publikationen.dguv.de/dguv/pdf/10002/r-190.pdf
(in German only)

DGUV Regel 112-195

Benutzung von Schutzhandschuhen, Aktualisierte Nachdruckfassung Oktober 2007
http://publikationen.dguv.de/dguv/pdf/10002/bgr195.pdf
(in German only)

LINKS

International Limit Values

OECD Screening Information DataSet (SIDS)
Risk Assessment Report
The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
DGUV Information 213-098: List of substances - lesson in schools (in German only)

REFERENCES

Reference: 00001
IFA: Erfassungs- und Pflegehandbuch der GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank (nicht öffentlich)
Data acquisition and maintenance manual of the GESTIS substance database
(non-public)

Reference: 00022
G. Hommel
"Handbuch der gefährlichen Güter" Loseblattsammlung mit Ergänzungslieferungen
"Handbook of dangerous goods " loose-leaf collection with supplement deliveries
Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg

Reference: 00220
IUCLID-CD-ROM, Year 2000 edition; European Commission, Joint Research Centre,
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Chemicals Bureau; Ispra, Italy

Reference: 00419
CHEMINFO - Chemical Profiles Created by CCOHS

Reference: 00440
Datenbank CHEMSAFE, Version 2016.0, DECHEMA-PTB-BAM

Reference: 00446
Datenbank CHEMSAFE, DECHEMA-PTB-BAM. Dampfdruckdaten berechnet aus
Antoine-Konstanten

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 22/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Reference: 00454
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Reference: 01211
GHS-Sicherheitsdatenblatt, Merck
GHS Material Safety Data Sheet, Merck

Reference: 01221
GHS-Sicherheitsdatenblatt, Sigma-Aldrich
GHS Material Safety Data Sheet, Sigma-Aldrich

Reference: 02001
International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

Reference: 02070
LOG KOW Databank, compiled by Dr. James Sangster, Sangster Research
Laboratories, Montreal, Canada, distributed by Technical Database Services (TDS),
New York

Reference: 02071
Toxicological Data, compiled by the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA, selected
and distributed by Technical Database Services (TDS), New York, 2009

Reference: 02072
Ecotoxicological Data, compiled by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
selected and distributed by Technical Database Services (TDS), New York, 2009

Reference: 05200
Kühn-Birett "Merkblätter Gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe" Loseblattsammlung mit
Ergänzungslieferungen, ecomed Sicherheit, Landsberg

Reference: 05300
TRGS 510 "Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen in ortsbeweglichen Behältern" Ausgabe
Januar 2013, in der Fassung vom 30.11.2015

Reference: 05347
TRGS 903 "Biologische Grenzwerte (BGW)" Ausgabe Februar 2013; zuletzt geändert
Februar 2020

Reference: 05350
TRGS 900 "Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte" Ausgabe Januar 2006, zuletzt geändert und
ergänzt Oktober 2020

Reference: 06002
L. Roth, U. Weller
"Gefährliche Chemische Reaktionen" Loseblattsammlung mit Ergänzungslieferungen
"Dangerous chemical reactions" loose-leaf collection with supplement deliveries
ecomed-Verlag

Reference: 07580

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 23/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Bekanntmachung der Liste der wassergefährdenden Stoffe im Bundesanzeiger vom

10.08.2017, zuletzt geändert 06.08.2020

Reference: 07619
DFG: Toxikologisch-arbeitsmedizinische Begründungen von MAK-Werten; Verlag
Chemie

Reference: 07620
DFG: Arbeitsmedizinisch-toxikologische Begründungen von BAT-Werten; Verlag
Chemie

Reference: 07635
AUERDATA 98

Reference: 07727
L. Roth "Gefahrstoff-Entsorgung" Loseblattsammlung mit Ergänzungslieferungen,
ecomed-Verlag, Landsberg

Reference: 07748
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists "Documentation of the
threshold limit values and biological exposure indices Loseblattsammlung mit
Ergänzungslieferungen

Reference: 07795
H. Geerißen "GloSaDa 2000 Plus - Glove Safety Data"

Reference: 07902
BAM: Datenbank Gefahrgut-Schnellinfo

Reference: 07935
BUA-Stoffbericht 178: Ethylbenzol; Stand Oktober 1995

Reference: 07978
Klaus Albrecht: Intensivtherapie akuter Vergiftungen; Verlag Ullstein-Mosby; Berlin
1997

Reference: 08004
H.P. Schuster "Notfallmedizin" 5. Auflage, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 1996

Reference: 08088
Reinhard Ludewig, Ralf Regenthal "Akute Vergiftungen und
Arzneimittelüberdosierungen" 10. Auflage, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft
Stuttgart, 2007

Reference: 08112
DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: MAK- und BAT-Werte-Liste 2020,
Senatskommission zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe, Mitteilung 56;
GMS PUBLISSO

Reference: 99983

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 24/25 16.10.2020

Ethylbenzene

Liste arbeitsmedizinisch-toxikologischer Standardwerke (2)

List of standard references regarding occupational health and toxikology (2)

Reference: 99996
Projektgebundene arbeitsmedizinisch-toxikologische Literatur (2)
Project related bibliographical references regarding occupational health and toxikology
(2)

Reference: 99999
Angabe des Bearbeiters
Indication of the editor

This substance datasheet was created with greatest care. Nevertheless no liability irrespective of legal basis can
be accepted.

IFA GESTIS-Substance Database 25/25 16.10.2020