EGM on Oceans, Seas and
Sustainable Development:
MARITIME TRANSPORT
MR. JESPER LOLDRUP, HEAD, POLICY AND PLANNING UNIT, OFFICE OF
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL
AND
MR. EDWARD KLEVERLAAN, HEAD, OFFICE FOR THE LONDON
CONVENTION/PROTOCOL AND OCEAN AFFAIRS
IMO
“Safe, Secure and Efficient Shipping on Clean
Oceans.”
More than 90 per cent of global trade is carried
by sea
Development of World Seaborne
Trade
Maritime Transport Costs
Shelf price Shipping costs
TV set 1 unit $ 700.00 $ 10.00
DVD/CD player 1 unit $ 200.00 $ 1.50
Vacuum cleaner 1 unit $ 150.00 $ 1.00
Scotch Whisky Bottle $ 50.00 $ 0.15
Coffee 1kg $ 15.00 $ 0.15
Biscuits Tin $ 3.00 $ 0.05
Beer Can $ 1.00 $ 0.01
Largest Flag States
1. Panama 11. Italy
2. Liberia 12. Japan
3. Marshall Islands 13. United Kingdom
4. Hong Kong, China 14. Germany
5. Bahamas 15. Norway
6. Singapore 16. Republic of Korea
7. Greece 17. United States
8. Malta 18. Isle of Man
9. China 19. Denmark
10. Cyprus 20. Antigua and Barbuda
Sustainable Maritime Transport
The Future We Want
133. We note that transportation and mobility are
central to sustainable development. Sustainable
transportation can enhance economic growth and
improve accessibility. [….]
“I was very encouraged by the outcome document of the
Conference, entitled “The Future We Want”. This contains a
number of specific areas of relevance to this Organization and
international maritime transport, in general. I have, therefore,
established an internal mechanism within my Office, with support
from all Divisions, to work with our industry partners and
interested stakeholders on the development and implementation
of Sustainable Development Goals for the maritime transport
sector, which will be IMO’s own contribution to the United
Nations led work on Sustainable Development Goals.”
Secretary-General Koji Sekimizu
Launch of the 2013 theme for World Maritime Day: “Sustainable
Development: IMO’s contribution beyond Rio+20”
Pillars for sustainable maritime
development
Safety culture and Maritime security and anti-
environmental stewardship piracy actions
Energy efficiency Maritime traffic management
New technology and Maritime infrastructure
innovation development
Maritime education and Global standards at IMO
training
IMO and the Marine Environment
IMO and Passenger Ship Safety
The Future We Want
163. “…………..the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively
affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic,
…………..
We commit to take action to reduce the incidence and impacts of such
pollution on marine ecosystems, including through the effective
implementation of relevant conventions adopted in the framework of the
International Maritime Organization (IMO), …[...].
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The regulatory framework
INTERPLAY SAFETY-ENVIRONMENT-PEOPLE and UNCLOS
Safety requirements apply Provides the mandatory
to all ships which are environmental protection
subject to the Convention. level with zero discharge
requirements in some
areas.
Legal framework Guidance and
governing the rights and recommendations for
responsibilities of nations training and competency
in their use of ocean of officers and masters
space. on ships.
YOUR LOGO
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IMO and the Marine Environment
IMO and Passenger Ship Safety
21 out of 53 international treaty instruments adopted by IMO so far are directly
environmentally related
In the marine environment, IMO deals with issues regarding:
Shipping related pollution prevention and response (MARPOL, BWMC and
OPRC)
Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (LC and LP)
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MARPOL Annexes
Annexes Annex Annex Annex Annex
I & II III IV V VI
Harmful
Oil and Noxious Substances Carried Sewage from Garbage from Air Pollution from
Liquid Substances at Sea in Packaged Ships Ships Ships
Form
In Force In Force In Force In Force In Force
152 Parties 138 Parties 131 Parties 145 Parties 72 Parties
99% of World 97% of World 89% of World 98% of World 94% of World
Tonnage Tonnage Tonnage Tonnage Tonnage
Not quite universal – but
getting there!
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CO2 Emissions from International Shipping
Source: 2nd IMO GHG study, 2009
Air pollution and Green house gas emissions
activities
• MARPOL Annex VI
• Focuses on technical and operational
measures, improving energy
efficiency design and management
and in future market based measures
(carbon pricing?)
• First ever global legally binding CO2
standard for an industry sector
adopted at IMO in July 2011 – (EIF 1
January 2013)
Preparedness for and Response to
Pollution Incidents
•OPRC 1990 (OPRC-HNS
Protocol, 2010)
•104 States; 71% tonnage
•Incidents and amounts
entering environment further
reduced over time
IMO and Passenger Ship Safety
INVASIVE MARINE SPECIES
164. We note the significant threat that alien invasive species pose to marine
ecosystems and resources and commit to implement measures to prevent the
introduction, and manage the adverse environmental impacts, of alien invasive
species, including, as appropriate, those adopted in the framework of IMO.
Oil Pollution
Impacts
Marine Bio-
Invasions
Time
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Shipping related activities
Reducing the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms
and pathogens by ships
• Ballast Water Management Convention, 2004 (36
States, 30% tonnage)
• A first set of international recommendations to
address biofouling of ships were adopted in 2011,
with a possible new mandatory instrument (or
amendment) in the future.
Mandatory Polar Code
Gain in distance: around 3,900 to 4,500 nm in both cases
Source: www.grida.no
YOUR LOGO
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Mandatory Polar Code
Current geographical boundaries Arctic/Antarctic under
consideration
YOUR LOGO
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MARPOL requirements and response
Prevention of oil pollution in polar regions and zero discharges (Antarctic)
• Use and carriage of heavy grade oil
Oil spill response in ice and snow conditions
YOUR LOGO
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London Convention and Protocol
Greenhouse gas (CO2) and Ocean
Acidification
Leadership:
•Regulating new
technologies:
o Carbon capture and
sequestration in sub-
seabed geological
formations
o Geoengineering
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Thank you for listening.
www.imo.org
YOUR LOGO
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