Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System
Chemistry Formula and Constants Sheet
Common Polyatomic Ions
Ion Ionic Formula
Ammonium NH41
Carbonate CO32-
Hydroxide OH-
Nitrate NO3-
Phosphate PO43-
Sulfate SO42-
P1 V1 PV
Combined Gas Law: 5 2 2
T1 T2
Ideal Gas Law: PV 5 nRT
Absolute Temperature Conversion: K 5 °C 1 273
Moles of Solute: M1 V1 5 M 2 V2
Definition of pH: pH 5 2log [H3O1] 5 2log [H1]
Molar Volume of Ideal Gas at STP: 22.4 L/mol
Ideal Gas Constant: R 5 0.0821 L • atm/mol • K 5 8.31 L • kPa/mol • K
Avogadro’s Number: 6.02 3 1023 particles/mol
STP: 1 atm (101.3 kPa), 273 K (0°C)
Nuclear Symbols
Name Symbol
Alpha particle or 42 He
Beta particle b or −01 e
Gamma ray
1
Neutron 0n
507
Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System
Group (Family)
1A 8A
1 18
1.00794 4.00260
H He
1 1 2
Hydrogen Helium
2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
1 2 13 14 15 16 17
6.941 9.01218 10.81 12.0111 14.0067 15.9994 18.998403 20.179
2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
22.98977 24.305 26.98154 28.0855 30.97376 32.06 35.453 39.948
Na Mg 8B Al Si P S Cl Ar
3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 1B 2B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Sodium Magnesium 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
39.0983 40.08 44.9559 47.88 50.9415 51.996 54.9380 55.847 58.9332 58.69 63.546 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.80
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Period
4
508
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
85.4678 87.62 88.9059 91.224 92.9064 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.906 106.42 107.868 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.75 127.60 126.905 131.29
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
132.905 137.33 138.906 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.207 190.2 192.22 195.08 196.967 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.980 (209) (210) (222)
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
(223) 226.025 227.028 (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266?) (269?)
Fr Ra Ac Rf* Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
7 87 88 89 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
104
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium
Mass numbers in parentheses are those of
the most stable or most common isotope.
140.12 140.908 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.925 162.50 164.930 167.26 168.934 173.04 174.967
Lanthanide Series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
232.038 231.036 238.029 237.048 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
Actinide Series Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
