Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
Dear Student,
Welcome to the PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Course offered by The
University of the Cordilleras, Integrated School, Senior High School. This
course module emphasizes on self-directed, research-based, and
outcome-based learning. The key in successfully passing this subject lies in
your commitment in learning and complying with the requirements. It is our
desire that you pass this subject fully equipped with the necessary 21st
Century skills. This module was designed to provide you with a fun and
meaningful learning experiences and opportunities. You will be enabled to
process the content of this module while being an active learner.
Enjoy and maximize the learning while in your own homes.
Name of teacher
In this module, you will be encountering the following parts and icons. (Parts depending per subject)
This part enumerates the objectives of the module. This part shall give
TARGET you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to
acquire upon completion of this module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already
TESTER know about the lesson to take.
In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced. This section provides a
TEACHING discussion of the lesson. This section aims to help you explore and
understand new concepts and skills.
This involves the reflective part of the module. It contains various
TAKE AWAY activities that will allow you to reflect and state what you have
learned.
This is the assessment presented at the end of each module. This
section aims to check how much have you learned from the module.
TOUCHSTONE This will also evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
Data Gathering Tools and Data Collection
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to:
1. Consider every aspect when collecting data online;
2. Carefully plan and disseminate online survey’s and interviews; and
3. Apply the tips on effective data collection and data gathering
tools to actual situations.
CONTENT
1. Online Survey/Forums
2. Informed Consent (Qualitative)
3. Tips on Effective Data Collection
LECTURES
Online Survey/Forums
Collecting research data through traditional paper-and-pencil methods
can be costly and time consuming. It often involves visiting institutions (field work) in
order to ensure that data collection is done satisfactorily. In some cases, it demands
that the researcher has access to staff and trainees who can help gather the data.
The alternative is to conduct web surveys. These appear to have the potential, and
indeed are used worldwide, to collect large amounts of data efficiently and
economically within relatively short time frames (Lefever, Dal, and Matthíasdóttir,
2007).
A. Questionnaires
✓ this is the process of collecting data through an instrument
consisting of a series of questions and prompts to receive a
response from individuals it is administered to. Questionnaires are
designed to collect data from a group.
• Tips for Creating an Effective Online Survey (Smart Survey,2021)
1. Be clear in your survey instructions on how to properly complete the
online survey.
✓ Use short, direct sentences with simple vocabulary.
2. Questions must be easy to understand and answer
✓ Avoid asking open-ended questions, and be careful not to suggest
the answer in the way the question is posed. If possible, offer a scale
of answers ranging from negative to positive, for example, 1 being
the most negative response and 10 being the most positive.
2
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
3. Group questions according to topic
✓ By organizing questions together according to topic enables you to
ask general questions first, before going into more detailed questions.
When you group questions that use the same answer scale together,
participants will be able to answer the questions more quickly.
4. Explain questions that may seem unnecessary or intrusive.
✓ For some surveys, you may have to ask questions that could seem
unnecessary or personal. For example, to learn more about your
target audience, you may have to ask demographic questions
about ethnicity, income, gender, etc. Some participants are
sensitive to these topics, so it's important to explain why you're
asking for this information.
5. Reassure your respondents that their data is secure
✓ Always tell your participants that their personal details will be kept
safe and won't be shared with any third parties. Including this
statement on your online survey can increase the response rate
by inspiring trust.
6. Spend time on your design
✓ An online survey that looks good and is presented well will have
a higher response rate than one that looks like it has been thrown
together quickly. Pay attention to layout, fonts, and colors.
7. Do a trial run
✓ Before making your survey public, have a few people do a test
run of the survey to make sure it is functioning correctly and all
the questions are clear.
B. Interview/Focus group Discussion
✓ A qualitative method that involves open-ended, relatively
unstructured questioning in which the interviewer seeks in-depth
information on the interviewee's feelings, experiences, and
perceptions (Lofland and Lofland 1984)
• Tips to Run a Successful Online Focus Group Discussion and Interview
1. Introduce yourself as the researchers.
2. Establish clear and specific objective
3. Schedule ahead of time
✓ Give your respondents more than a day or two of notice before
scheduling them in. You have to consider that they also have
other commitments to attend to do scheduling them ahead of
time will help you avoid delays. Be sure to stay on top of the
schedule that you both agreed to. So, if you ask your respondents
to make themselves available for an hour, keep it within an hour.
4. Use video chat when possible
✓ Most qualitative research deals with difficult topics and questions,
and gaining trust and rapport with interviewees is an important
part of getting good data. It’s much easier to feel a human
connection when you can see someone’s face, and it helps both
of you read the situation and each other’s feelings.
3
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
5. Choose your tools wisely
✓ Choose the most accessible option for your participant, and that
might mean having a few different options. Remember that they
might not have the luxury of a laptop or desktop with webcam
and microphone, so provide options that let them use a
smartphone.
6. Recording online sessions
✓ Record the video, as this can provide more nuance to the data
and a better understanding of how respondents are expressing
something.
7. Closing the focus group discussion
✓ To formally close the discussion, researchers must thank the
participant’s/respondent’s time and participation during the
focused group discussion.
Informed Consent (Qualitative)
Informed consent is a procedure through which a competent subject, after
having received and understood all the research-related information, can
voluntarily provide his or her willingness to participate.
This includes:
✓ The purpose of the study
✓ Expected duration
✓ Procedures of the study
✓ Information on their right to decline or withdraw
✓ Whom to contact for questions
The consent form subject sign should cover the following main points:
(Educational Research Basics by Del Siegle,2019)
a. It should tell the participants what they are being asked to do, by whom, and
for what purpose. Participants must know the identity of the researcher, his or
her affiliations if any, and whom to contact for information if they have
problems with the research process.
b. It should inform the participants of any risks they might be taking by
participating in the research.
c. It should inform the participants what rights they have in the process,
particularly the right of review of material and the right to withdraw from the
process.
d. It should indicate whether or not participants’ names will be used in the
study, whether any other names will be used, or whether pseudonyms will be
substituted.
e. It should indicate how the results of the study will be disseminated and
whether participants can expect to benefit in any way, monetarily or
otherwise, from participating in the study.
f. It should indicate that participants are free to participate or not participate
in the research without prejudice to them.
g. In the case of children, it must be signed by the child’s legal guardian.
Children cannot be expected to give total informed consent.
4
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
h. The consent form should be written in the second person (e.g., “You have the
right to …”) and in easy-to-understand language.
Informed consent creates trust between research participants and researchers by
ensuring good understanding. It also reduces the risk for both parties. With excellent
communication about risks and options, participants can make choices which are best
for them and the researchers face less risk of legal action.
Tips on effective Data Collection
The internet has created opportunities for online data collection, that are
more robust, require less time and is efficient. The internet is used as a method to
research and collect information through emails, texts sent on phones and similar
methods. Online data collection is a systematic process and involves clear
distinction in the way the data is collected. Respondents/ Participants should be
responsive and should possess knowledge about the field in which the research is
conducted. Therefore, there are certain steps that need to be followed to receive
accurate data.
Steps to follow for online data collection:
1. Select a suitable data source
✓ The data source are the respondents/participants, who are a group of
individuals who will be responding to the questionnaire or surveys sent
by you.
✓ Make sure your respondents/participants is well versed in the field in
which the questions are asked. Selecting the right
respondents/participants is the key to accurate data.
2. Establish a sufficient revert time
✓ Online data collection is faster than other conventional methods, but it
is also equally important to give sufficient time to your research panel
to revert to the questionnaire or the survey.
3. Customize your survey or questionnaire
✓ While sending out the questionnaire or the survey to your
respondents/participants, as a survey creator, you should customize the
survey.
✓ Remember not to keep the survey too long. Avoid asking confusing
questions. Make sure that the questions can be well read on hand-held
devices.
4. Be careful when requesting sensitive data
✓ Since there is no face to face interview, there are chances that your
respondents will provide accurate information. But you need to make
sure that this sensitive information is used in the right manner. For this, a
disclaimer should be provided before collecting the data.
5. Displaying data online
✓ Once all the data is collected, you need to be careful what
percentage or what kind of data can be displayed in public. Your
respondents need to be anonymous and their privacy should be of the
primary importance.
5
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
To sum up, online data collection has become a more favorable process
in recent times. Advantages like, it’s less time to consume, more accurate and
authentic make it a more reliable choice. Remember, an effective online data
collection always helps to yield a good data.
6
Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 12 HUMSS
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher:
MODULE 4
References:
https://researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/ethics-and-informed-consent/
Salmons, J. (2012). Designing and conducting research with online interviews. In Salmons, J.
(Ed.), Cases in online interview research (pp. 1-30). SAGE Publications, Inc.,
https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781506335155
Lefever, S., Dal, M. and Matthíasdóttir, Á. (2007), Online data collection in academic research:
advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38: 574-
582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00638.x
Byrne, Michelle. (2001). The Concept of informed consent in qualitative research. AORN journal.
74. 401-3. 10.1016/S0001-2092(06)61798-5.
https://www.smartsurvey.co.uk/articles/10-tips-for-designing-an-effective-online-survey
https://www.betterevaluation.org/sites/default/files/43888_1.pdf
