Sectional Divisions and Civil War

Lesson 1 ​Slavery Divides the Nation

Key Terms
Wilmot Proviso-​a proposed, but rejected, 1846 bill that would have banned slavery in the
territory won from Mexico during the Mexican War

Free-Soil Party-​an antislavery political party in the mid-1800s

popular sovereignty-​a principle in which the people are the only source of government power; a
political policy that permitted the residents of federal territories to decide on whether to enter the
Union as free or slave states

Secede- ​to withdraw formally from a membership in a group or an organization

Compromise of 1850- ​a political agreement that admitted California to the Union as free state
while permitting popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave law

Fugitive Slave Act- ​a law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves; a part
of the Compromise of 1850

personal liberty laws-​that laws enacted by northern states to counteract the Fugitive Slave Act
by granting rights to escaped slaves and free African Americans

Underground Railroad-​a system that existed before the Civil War in which African American and
white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas in the North and in Canada

Harriet Tubman- ​(c. 1820-1913) was born into slavery in Marylaand. In 1849, she escaped and
traveled to Philadelphia. She then became a “conductor: on the Underground Railroad, leading
hundreds of enslaved people, including her parents and siblings to freedom in the North

Harriet Beecher Stowe- ​(1811-1896) was an American writer and abolitionist best known for her
antislavery novel ​Uncle Tom’s Cabin,​ published in 1852. She began writing her novel as a
series of stories, which first appeared in the abolitionist newspaper ​National Era

Academic Vocabulary
burgeoning: ​growing or developing quickly
component: ​piece or element
crucial:​ extremely important, central
influx:​ the entrance or arrival of a large number of people or things
intervene: ​to get involved in a situation

Lesson Objectives
1. Contrast​ the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
2. Describe​ the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
3. Analyze​ why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South
and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
4. Analyze​ why the Fugitive Slave Act increased tensions between the North and South.
Different Perspectives on the Issue of Slavery: ​Text 1

1. Summarize ​Explain the views of abolitionists and how they were different from those of
other northerners prior to the Civil War. ​The views of the abolitionists where that they had
beleived that slavery was morally wrong and some of them had demaned that all slavery
should be outlawed at once. The views of the northerners prior to the Civil War were that
the white northerners who owned mills and earned a lot of money working on southern
cotton and tobacco and by trading enslaved people, although they were nice to the
southern plantation owners and were against abolishing slavery, a large majority of the
workers, had agreed with them and opposed the abolition also, but they feared that the
freed slaves might come to the north and compete with them for the work

2. Identify Cause and Effect ​Why did some northern businessmen support slavery?
Some northern busnessmen supported slavery because some of the businesses had
earned money working on souterh cotton and tobacco or by them transporting and
trading large amounts of the enslaved people

3. Categorize ​Organize people, ideas, and groups by their position on slavery. Continue to
add to this graphic organizer as you read the other texts in this lesson.

Position on Slavery

For Against Undecided or Compromise

South North, Abraham Lincoln

Slavery's Effect on the 1848 Election: ​Text 2

4. Vocabulary: Determine Meaning ​Explain what ​popular sovereignty​ is and why it was
appealing to both the Democrats and the Whigs in the Election of 1848. ​Popular
sovereignty is a policy stating that voters that are in a territory and that Congress cannot
and voters should decide weather or not to allow any slavery there. Popular sovereignty
was appealing to both the democrats and the Whigs in the election of 1848 because it
appealed to a large amount of people and it kept the traditions of American democracy
alive, it also had allowed for the democrats and Whigs to be able to focus on their
personal wins of their chosen candidates more than on some of issues

5. Draw Conclusions ​Why was the presence of the Free-Soil Party important during the
Election of 1848? ​The presence of the free-soil party was important during the election of
1848 because as it says in the name of it the free-soil party offered free soil along with
free speech, free labor and free men, but their main goal was to to be able to keep
slavery out of the western territories, it had wom almost 10% of the votes with their
antislavery which has won the Americans’ attention

The Compromise of 1850 Averts a Crisis: ​Text 3

 6. Analyze Interactions Among Individuals, Ideas, and Events ​Explain how the Fugitive
Slave Act was related to other issues at the time. ​The fugitive slave act was related to
other issues at the time along with the people of the south had an issue with some slaves
running away to the north but with the slave act it forced citizens to go back to the
slaveholders, and then the people who were helping the slaves run away had been taken
care of so they can be imprisoned or they can be fined

7. Categorize ​ What aspects of the Compromise of 1850 were meant to appease the
North? What parts were meant to appease the South? Use the graphic organizer below
to categorize information.

Compromise of 1850

Measures Appealing to the North Measures Appealing to the South

- Popular sovereignty was able to be - Reinforcement of the Fugitive Slave

applied to the territories acquired from Act
Mexico - That texas has regain its claims on
- California was considered a free state New Mexico in return for $10 million
from the federal government which to
settle their debts
- Slavery was still happening in
Washington DC even though slave
trade was not allowed

8. Cite Evidence ​ How were debates and legislation in Congress prior to the Civil War
similar to what happens today? How were they different? Draw a connection and cite
evidence of your connection. ​Debates and legislation in congress prior to the civil war
were similar to what happens today because well today and back then we still had to
debate why they should win the position they are running for and debate what they are
gonna do if they become elected.

Northern Resistance to Slavery Increases: ​Text 4

9. Compare and Contrast ​ What effect did Congress expect the Fugitive Slave Act to
have? What effect did it ​actually​ have? T
​ he effect Congress expected that fugitive slave
act to have was that congress thought the act would help stop people from helping the
slaves from escaping but the people had helped the slaves more on the down low

10. Draw Conclusions ​ Consider U ​ ncle Tom’s Cabin​ or ​Blake.​ How did this literary work
affect or inspire different people? ​In Uncle Tom’s Cabin or Blake, this literary work
affected peoples emotions from the northerns out of anything.
Lesson 2 ​Violence Escalates
Key Terms
Stephen A. Douglas-​(1813–1861) was a U.S. Senator. Douglas was an ardent supporter of
westward expansion and an advocate for popular sovereignty on the question of slavery in new
states and territories. He helped win passage of the Compromise of 1850 and proposed the
Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. Douglas gained national acclaim for his role in the Senate
campaign debates with Abraham Lincoln in 1858.

Kansas-Nebraska Act- ​a 1854 law that divided the Nebraska Territory ino Kansas and
Nebraska, giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery

John Brown- ​(1800–1859) was an American abolitionist best known for leading a raid on the
federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859. During that raid, he and his co-conspirators were
captured and later executed. Brown is remembered by some as a militant extremist and by
others as a martyr in the cause against slavery.

Bleeding Kansas- ​a term used to describe the violence between proslavery and antislavery
supporters in Kansas from 1854 to 1856

Nativists-​a person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants

Know-Nothings-​a political party of the mid-1800s, officially known as the American Party, that
opposed immigration

Republican Party-​a political party established around an antislavery platform in 1854

Dred Scott-​(c.1800–1857) was an African American man born into slavery who sued for
freedom on the grounds that he had lived for a time in a state where slavery was prohibited. In
Dred Scott​ v. ​Sandford​ , the Supreme Court ruled against Scott, stating that his time in a free
state did not nullify his status as a slave and that as a slave he was property and could not sue
in the courts. Following the ruling, the sons of Scott's original owner purchased Scott and his
wife and freed them both.

Roger B. Taney-​(1777–1864) served as the fifth Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. He is
best known for his decision in ​Dred Scott​ v. ​Sandford​ , in which he wrote that enslaved persons
were not entitled to the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and that Congress had no
authority to ban slavery in the territories, as such laws would deprive slaveowners of their
property.

Abraham Lincoln-​(1809–1865) was born on a Kentucky farm. He was self-educated and

became an attorney. He joined the Whig Party and was elected to serve in the Illinois state
legislature. He ran an unsuccessful campaign against Stephen A. Douglas for a seat in the U.S.
Senate in 1858, during which he gained national acclaim for his performance in a series of
debates and for his strong stance against the expansion of slavery. Though he lost the Senate
race, he went on to become president in 1861. He led the country during the Civil War and was
assassinated in April 1865.
Harpers Ferry-​a town in Virginia (now in West Virginia) where abolitionist John Brown raided a
federal arsenal in 1859
Academic Vocabulary
coerce: ​to get someone to do something using force or threats
deprive: ​to take away something important
implicit: ​unspoken but understood
integrity:​ the quality of being honest and fair

Lesson Objectives
1. Assess​ how the Kansas-Nebraska Act was seen differently by the North and South.
2. Explain​ why fighting broke out in Kansas and the effects of that conflict.
3. Analyze​ how deepening sectional distrust affected the nation’s politics.
4. Compare​ the positions of Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issue of
slavery.
5. Explain​ the effect of John Brown’s raid on the slavery debate

The Kansas-Nebraska Act and “Bleeding Kansas": ​Text 1

1. Explain Arguments ​Explain at least one argument in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
and one argument opposing this act. ​One argument in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
was that people had favored popular sovereignty and one argument opposing the
Kansas-Nebraska Act was that it was able to nullify the Missouri Compromise which
allowed slaver to expand to more areas that had already been free from slavery for more
than 30 years.

2. Analyze Interactions Among Individuals, Ideas, and Events ​Describe the

connections between at least three groups, individuals, or events that were significant in
causing “Bleeding Kansas.” ​The three connection between three different groups that
were significant in the causing of “Bleeding Kansas” were one is in Kansas both of the
sides had armed and were ready for battle, another event was the outbreaks of violence
that had started to form is many location around where bleeding Kansas took place, and
another and last one ws John Brown a New York abolitionist had just killed five of the
proslavery settlers

3. Draw Conclusions ​What did the tensions between Senators Andrew Butler, Charles
Sumner, and Preston Brooks show about the Congress at the time? ​Some of the
tensions between Senators Andrew Butler, Charles Sumner, and Preston Brooks show
about the Congress at the time was that Congress needed to change and nothing was in
order ever and then needed to become organized

Regional Tension Affects National Politics: ​Text 2

4. Identify Cause and Effect ​Explain what events led to the downfall of the Whig Party.
The events that led to the downfall of the Whig Party were: The Compromise of 1850 and all
of the rules that left it, and the northerners were angered by the support of the Fugitive
Slave Act and the support for popular sovereignty which made a large amount of the
party leave.

5. Draw Inferences ​What sentiments fueled the nativists and the Know-Nothings in the
early 1850s? ​Some of the sentiment that fueled the nativist and the Know-Nothings in the
early 1850s were that there were questions if the Catholic people would bring in their
 ideas that would argue America's religious freedom, would their jobs be taken away by
the new people?

6. Summarize ​Describe the origins of the Republican Party. ​The origins of the Republican
Party were that since there was a lot arguments of lsavery was getting larger and larger
along with that the Republican party did along with it, there was also large amounts of
moral leaders who feared that the slavery was encougared by their people. But sooner
than later they were ready to challenge the other political parties who were more
established.

Sectional Divisions Split the Country: ​Text 3

7. Identify Supporting Details ​What political trend became evident in the Election of
1856? ​The political trend that became evident in the Election of 1856 was the dispute
over slavery which led to sectionalism
8. Paraphrase ​Explain in your own words Frederick Douglass’s reaction to the Dred Scott
decision. ​Frederick Douglass’s reaction to the Dred Scott decision was that if the
Surpreme Cournts ends up on deciding on what will be that abolionists have to finish the
chain to end the issue of slavery

Lincoln and Douglas Debate Slavery: ​Text 4

9. Summarize ​ Use the graphic organizer below to show the positions of Abraham Lincoln
and Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates. Include nicknames and quotes as
well as ideas that each candidate supported.

Lincoln Douglas

- Honest Abe - Little Giant

- he found that popular sovereignty as - he supported the annexation of Texas
wrong - he also had promoted popular
- he stopped slavery as a system sovereignty
- he hated the idea of social and political
equality with African Americans, he
agreed with their ideas of natural rights

The Raid on Harpers Ferry: ​Text 5

10. Draw Conclusions ​ Explain the effects of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.
The effects of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry was that there was a lot of rumors going
around and a large amount of the congressmen came armed and ready to go to war when they
arrived at the Capitol, but a lot of the northerners thought that the abolitionists activism issues
had gone way to far.
Sectional Divisions and Civil War
Lesson 3 ​The Civil War Begins
Key Terms
Jefferson Davis-​(1808–1889) was a southern planter who became the President of the
Confederate States of America. Born in Kentucky, he grew up on a plantation in Mississippi. He
attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and went on to serve in the Black Hawk War
and the Mexican War. Though he opposed secession, he resigned his seat in the U.S. Senate
when Mississippi seceded. He was elected President of the Confederacy at the Confederate
Convention and was inaugurated on February 18, 1861.

John C. Breckinridge-​(1821–1875) was a Kentucky lawyer who served as the 14th vice
president of the United States under President James Buchanan. In the election of 1860, he
was the nominee of the Southern Democrats in a divided Democratic Party. Breckinridge served
as a Confederate officer during the Civil War, and later, as the Confederate secretary of war.

border states-​during the Civil war, a state that allowed slavery but remained in the Union:
Delaware, Kenturcky, Maryland, and Missouri

Confederate States of America-​the government of 11 southern states that seceded from the
United States and fought against the Union in the Civil War

Crittenden Compromise-​an 1861 proposed constitutional amendment that attempted to prevent

secession of the southern states by allowing slavery in all territories south of the Missouri
Compromise line

Fort Sumter-​a federal fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, where the first shots of the Civil
War were fired

Robert E. Lee-​(1807–1870) was a Virginia military general who became the commander of the
Confederate forces during the Civil War. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered his forces to Union
General Grant at Appomattox Court House. After the war, he became the president of
Washington College, now known as Washington and Lee University, in Lexington, Virginia.

Anaconda Plan-​a northern Civil War strategy to starve the South by blockading seaports and
controlling the Mississippi River

Stonewall Jackson-​Thomas Jonathan Jackson, also known as Stonewall Jackson (1824–1863),

was one of the most renowned Confederate generals of the Civil War. He led his troops to a
stunning victory at the Battle of Bull Run in 1861, surprising the Union with his leadership and
the strength of southern resistance. He died of pneumonia after being accidentally shot by his
own men near Chancellorsville, Virginia.

George B. McClellan- ​(1826–1885) was a Pennsylvania soldier who attended the U.S. Military
Academy at West Point and served in the Mexican War before returning to West Point to teach.
During the Civil War, he first served in Ohio and then was appointed commander of the Army of
the Potomac. His caution led to conflicts with President Lincoln, and several key defeats at
Richmond and Antietam resulted in his removal from command.

Ulysses S. Grant-​(1822–1885) was a Union general who later became the 18th president of the
United States from 1869–1877. Grant won key victories along the Mississippi River, including at
the Battle of Shiloh and the Battle of Vicksburg. He was appointed commander of all Union
armies in March 1864, and led them to victory at Appomattox Court House, where he accepted
General Lee's surrender on April 9, 1865.

Battle of Shiloh-​a 1862 Civil War battle in southwestern Tennessee where the Union won a
victory but nearly 25,000 Union and Confederate troops were killed or wounded

Blockade-​a military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s
ports

Academic Vocabulary
adamant: ​determined; unwilling to change an opinion or decision
conspire:​ to secretly plan to do something harmful
conciliatory:​ in a way that tries to make someone feel more friendly or less angry
erode: ​to eat into or wear away
stipulate: ​to specify or indicate

Lesson Objectives
1. Compare​ the candidates in the election of 1860 and analyze the results.
2. Analyze​ why southern states seceded from the Union.
3. Assess​ the events that led to the outbreak of war.
4. Contrast​ the resources and strategies of the North and South.
5. Describe​ the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War.

Sectional Politics in the Election of 1860: ​Text 1

1. Use Visual Information ​What did the results of the Election of 1860 signify about the
state of the Union? Use information from the election map to support your answer. ​The
election results of the Election of 1860 signified the state of the Union by first showing
that how the Union was very much divided and although Lincoln had won the North and
the election over all he did not win any south electoral college votes and he was not on
the ballot in many of the southern states either

2. Compare and Contrast ​Describe how the Republican and Democratic parties choose
their candidate for the presidential election of 1860. Then compare how the parties split
or stayed together after this decision. ​The Republican and Democratic parties choose
their candidates for the presidential election of 1860, both of the parites had very strong
candidates with very strong opinions on slavery and the Republicans has choosen
Lincoln who had more of a simple view about the of slavery but on the other hand was
Seward

The Collapse of the Union: ​Text 2

3. Draw Conclusions ​Analyze the excerpt from the declaration of secession. Why did
South Carolina want to leave the Union? Explain in your own words. ​South Carolina
wanted to leave the Union because of once Lincoln had won the election a large majority
 of te south states had believed that the slavery and th way they had lived was going to be
attacked if they had stayed in the Union,

4. Determine Author’s Purpose ​Explain Lincoln’s purpose in his inaugural address in

March 1861. What words and phrases from the address support your answer? ​Lincoln’s
purpose in his inaugural address in March 1861, he wished to make the southern states
to stay in the Union and not leave by yelling that people that were in the United States
had certain “bonds of affection” that were not broken. Lincoln wanted the southerners to
have their happy feelings or “the better angels of our nature” overcome their anger.

5. Summarize ​What happened at Fort Sumter and how did this contribute to the start of
the Civil War? ​While the south states were seceding , they had said they wanted the fort
for themselves but it still stayed in the Union hands. But Lincoln debated on sending
supplies over to the other side because he did not want it to become the start of a war.
All the violence had pushed Lincoln to request the soldiers to fight against the
Confederacy.

Resources and Strategies: ​Text 3

6. Categorize ​Use the graphic organizer below to list the strengths and weaknesses of the
Union and the Confederacy in the Civil War.

Union Confederacy

Strengths - Larger population - Strong military

- Able to produce more traditions
ammunition and arms - Strong leadership in
- More industrialized General Robert E.
- Big railroad network Lee
- Navy - Were able to flight on
- Strong leader with familiar ground
President Lincoln
- Established
government

weaknesses - A lot of northerns - Smaller population

thought indifferently to - 9 million
the problem of slavery - Weak government
- Smaller army who had - New at this
short term service
- Need to fight an
offensive war on
unknown enemy
territory

7. Compare and Contrast ​Compare the initial military strategies of the Union and the
Confederacy. ​The initial military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy were first
the Union had a strategy to build more onto the Anaconda Plan, which had included a
naval blockade along the coast and it also had a military advances that went along the
Mississippi River that would end up splitting the confederacy into two parts. The
 confederacy, on the other hand , because the south states had wished for a long war and
they had thought that the Confederacy would beat the Union.

The First Year of the Civil War: ​Text 4

8. Draw Inferences ​What did the North learn from the first Battle of Bull Run, also known
as the Battle of Manassas? ​The north learned from the first Battle of Bull Run, also
known as the Battle of Manassas the north had the realize that the war would not be over
as soon as they thought it would and all of the casualties were much much higher than
they had thought to be but Lincoln had responded to this by calling for more troops to be
sent out into battle.

A Stalemate in the East: ​Text 5

9. Summarize ​ What caused the stalemate in Virginia? ​The stalemate in Virginia was
caused when General McClellen was debating on executing his future plan to fight
against the Confederacy, because when General Lee had led confederate troops to fight
the union troops, McClellan had withdrawn soon after his election campaign was
stopped.

10. Cite Evidence ​ What impact did leaders such as General Stonewall Jackson and
General Robert E. Lee have on the Union and Confederate forces? Use evidence to
support your answer. ​Leader General Stonewall Jackson had outsmarted many of the
Union forces more than once over the course of time. On the other hand there was
leader General Robert E. Lee who had beaten a stronger force through a very smart
strategy. Both of their actions gave large amounts of courage to both the Confederacy
and many union troops and military leaders.
Sectional Divisions and Civil War
Lesson 4 ​African Americans and the War
Key Terms
Contraband-​supplies captured from an enemy during wartime

Battle of Antietam-​a 1862 Civil War battle in which 23,000 troops were killed or wounded in one
day, won by the Union

Emancipation Proclamation-​a decree by President Lincoln that declared free all enslaved
people living in Confederate states and territories still in rebellion against the Union on January
1, 1863

Militia Act-​a 1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the Union military

54th Massachusetts Regiment-​an all African American unit led by Union Colonel Robert Gould
Shaw during the Civil War

Academic Vocabulary
ally: ​to unite or associate with for a specific purpose
conviction: ​a strongly held belief or idea
draft: ​to force or order people into military service
emancipation: ​the act or process of freeing someone from someone else’s control
prejudice: ​unfair treatment of a person or a group of people based on characteristics such as
race, religion, gender, or ethnicity

Lesson Objectives
1. Analyze​ why Lincoln decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and what it
achieved.
2. Assess​ the different roles that African Americans played in the Civil War.

Emancipation and the Civil War: ​Text 1

1. Draw Inferences ​Why did Lincoln initially hesitate to emancipate the slaves? ​Lincoln
initially hesitated to emancipate the slaves because he thought that if he would fight the
border states that all stayed a part of the Union but that still pratcied slavery, it would
form a splinter in the Union and make the North even weaker.

2. Identify Cause and Effect ​What pressures, both inside and outside the United States,
motivated Lincoln to release the Emancipation Proclamation? ​Pressures both inside and
outside that the United States had motivated Lincoln to release the Emancipation
Proclamation was that he had believed that there was a taking away from antislavery
stand would be able to help earn Britain and France on the Union side. Be Lincoln also
saw that some internal pressures from many strong abolitionists did not know what they
should do with the slaves that they captured on the battlefriends because it did not make
sense to return their slaves to their owners

3. Draw Conclusions ​Why did General Lee choose to lead his troops into Maryland?
What did he hope to accomplish? ​General Lee choose to lead his troops into Maryland
because he hoped that he would start an uprising in Maryland in which were the southern
 support system was very strong, be Lee also felt that a victory on the unions land could
help the confederacy earn more support from Britain and France he also wanted to find
more supplies and food to supply his army with

4. Summarize ​How was the Union able to defeat the Confederacy at the Battle of
Antietam? ​The Union was able to defeat the Confederacy at the Battle of Antietam
because lots of the union soldiers found out the Robert E. Lee’s plan had meant that the
confederacy lost the element of surprise and also along with this he did not get much
support that he wanted from the citizens. They were able to drive the confederate forces
from the battlefield which led them back to a confederate retreat back to Virginia

5. Compare and Contrast ​Why did Lincoln choose to announce the Emancipation
Proclamation after the Battle of Antietam? ​Lincoln chose the announce the Emancipation
Proclamation after the Battle of Antietam because the union had just won a major victory,
and Lincoln announced that the Emancipation Proclamation after the union's victory
because he wanted to be a very strong and stable position when he officially announced
it so it would have more of an impact of the world then

The Emancipation Proclamation: ​Text 2

6. Draw Inferences ​The Emancipation Proclamation did not actually free a single slave.
Why did Lincoln choose to approach the issue in this way? ​Lincoln choose to approach
the issue in this way because he wanted to have a more moderate approach to the issue
of slavery and he wished to avoid accidently offending the border states due to the
reason that the Emancipation Proclamation did not ban slavery, Lincoln still wanted to
appeal to the abolitionists who wanted an end to slavery and so he banned slavery in the
Confederacy but Lincoln had no way actully being able to enforce it.

7. Analyze Interactions Among Individuals, Ideas, and Events ​How did the
Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the Civil War for the North and the
South? ​The Emancipation Proclamation changed the purpose of the Civil War for the
North and the south becuase it gave the north a new purpose by being able to make the
war about slavery and for the south, it had eliminated any chance of a compromise

African Americans Join the Fight: ​Text 3

8. Draw Inferences ​ How did Union soldiers feel about African Americans who fought in the
Civil War? ​The Union soldiers felt about the African Americans who fought in the civil war
the soldiers felt sorta of happy because they had more numbers of soldier but they did
not respect the African American soldiers or treat them equally

9. Identify Supporting Details ​Find details or examples that support this statement:
African Americans in the South often found ways to passively or actively help the Union
forces. ​ A couple of the African Americans in the south had found ways to serve as spies
due to the reason that they were already so familiar with the territory that needed to be
spied on or known, but some of them had given food to Union troops and some of the
others had decided to join the union army to be able to organize their own military units

Sectional Divisions and Civil War

Lesson 5 ​Everyday Life During the War
Key Terms
Boomed- ​to make a loud, deep, sound

income tax-​a tax that must be paid by individuals and corporations based on money earned

Tariffs-​taxes on imported goods

Bonds- ​a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay the holder back that
purchase amount plus interest at a future date

Patriotism- ​love for or devotion to one’s country

Greenbacks- ​paper money issued by the Treasury Department because of the Legal Tender Act
of 1862

Homestead Act-​a 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate
in for five years

Conscription-​the drafting of citizens into military service

Copperheads-​a negative, or derogatory, term given to anti war northern Democrats during the
Civil War

habeas corpus- ​a constitutional guarantee that no one can be held in prison without charges
being filed

Inflation-​rising prices

Impeachment- ​accusation against a public official of wrongdoing in office

Revivals- ​an improvement in the condition or strength of something

Amputation- ​the action of surgically cutting of a limb

Malnutrition-​ ​lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of
the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat

Clara Barton-​(1821–1912) trained as a teacher but went on to serve as a nurse during the Civil
War. Barton changed the role of women nurses by following men into battle and tending the
wounded. In 1864, she was appointed the superintendent of nurses for the Army of the James.
In 1865, she set up a bureau to help locate soldiers missing in action. In 1881, she organized
the American Association of the Red Cross, which later became the American Red Cross.

Academic Vocabulary
faction:​ a group of people inside a political party or government working with a common cause
against other such groups or against the main body
notorious:​ well-known for something bad; infamous
persist:​ to continue to exist beyond the expected time

Lesson Objectives
 1. Analyze​ how the war changed the economy and society in the North and the South.
2. Discuss​ how northern and southern soldiers experienced the war.
3. Explain​ the impact of the war on women.

Daily Life in the North: ​Text 1

1. Identify Supporting Details ​Identify two ways in which the Union raised money to fight
the war. ​Two ways in which the Union had raised money to fight the war was one, by
borrowing money, and increasing taxes and then being able to print paper money.

2. Identify Cause and Effect ​Describe a few effects of the Civil War draft. What was the
response among the citizens of the Union? ​A few effects of the Civil War draft were
because that the wealthy were able to buy their way out of the war, the draft had
increased the resentment to the wealthy people along with this is had increased the
resentment to the african Americans because a couple of the soldier had feared that the
African American wealthy men would be able to replace them and their jobs

3. Summarize ​the ideas of the Peace Democrats and tell how Lincoln dealt with this
faction. ​Some of the ideas of the Peace Democrats, wanted to end the Civil War over all
and Lincoln had thought that their views could be damaging and to deal with the Peace
Democrats and the others who he thought would underestimate the effort of the war, he
decided to suspend habeas corpus and he had the milit arrest any people that were
suspected of any disloyalty to the union in any way shape or form

4. Analyze Interactions Among Ideas and Events ​How did the Civil War impact
westward expansion? ​The Civil War impacted westward expansion by during the war the
Union had built a very large railroad lien which went west going through the union
territory, and because of this is caused the industry to expand even more into the north

Daily Life in the South: ​Text 2

5. Draw Conclusions ​Explain why the Union blockade was so damaging to the
Confederate government. ​The Union blockade was so damaging to the Confederate
government because of the south economy had depended on main crops like cotton,
tobacco, and sugar, but with the blockade in place the southerners were unable to sell
their crops for money so they could not eat their crops either so because of this it ended
up being basically useless and this continued to happen to other people and it ended up
the confederate government not enough to tax and fund the war

6. Compare and Contrast ​Why was the Confederate currency less successful than the
Union greenbacks? ​The confederate currency was less successful than the Union
greenbacks due to the reason that the south economy were not able to have as many
reliable sources of money as the north economy did and then the confederate
government struggled very much to fund for their troops during the war, many had
doubted the true vale of the confederates money which ended up causing inflation

7. Draw Inferences ​What events and conditions built resentment against the Confederate
government and Jefferson Davis? ​The events and conditions that built resentment
against the confederate government and Jefferson Davis were one the south economy
had struggled more because of the northern blockade and a large majority of people had
blamed all of their struggles on Jefferson Davis even though they were not his fault,
along with this the while the confederacy was built on the ideas of independence, the
government had taken large actions to stabilize their order during the Civil War
A Soldier’s Life: ​Text 3
8. Cite Evidence ​Describe the conditions for prisoners of war captured by the Confederate
army. Cite evidence found in the text. ​The conditions for prisoners of war that were
captured by the confederate army, were different for different people, such as a large
majority of africa americans were captured by the confederate arms were killed right
away, then there were union soldiers even white wealthy men, were being starved in
prisons

9. Identify Cause and Effect ​Explain what contributed to the high death toll in the Civil
War? ​Some of the things that contributed to the high death toll in the Civil War was the
new technology that was formed and used in the civil war which ended up causing world
wide casualties.

Women’s Roles in Wartime: ​Text 4

10. Summarize ​ How did the Civil War contribute to the presence of women in the teaching
and nursing professions? ​The civil war contributed to the presence of women in the
teaching and nursing professions while the men go and fight in the wars and the the
women had started to replace them as teachers and soon by the near end of the war the
women had taken over most of the teaching tools and the women also started to become
nurses during the war.

Sectional Divisions and Civil War

Lesson 6 ​Key Civil War Battles
Key Terms
Siege-​a military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and all supplies are cut off in an attempt
to force a surrender
Vicksburg-​a Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River, the site of a siege by Union
forces that lasted more than a month in 1863 and ended in a Union victory, splitting the
Confederacy

Gettysburg-​the site of a Civil War battle fought on Union territory, July 1-3, 1863 resulting in a
Union victory that forced Confederate forces to retreat to the South

George Pickett-​(1825–1875) was a soldier from Virginia who became a Confederate general
during the Civil War. He is best known for leading a large contingent in what came to be known
as Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863.

Gettysburg Address-​a speech by President Lincoln in which he dedicated a national cemetery at

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting the Civil
War; delivered November 19, 1863

total war-​a military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but also the
economic and civilian resources that support them

William Tecumseh Sherman-​(1820–1891) was a judge's son from Ohio who became a
renowned Union general during the Civil War. He fought in the Battles of Bull Run and Shiloh
before joining forces with General Grant to lay siege to Vicksburg in 1863. Following their
victory, Sherman led his "March to the Sea" 250 miles east to capture Savannah, Georgia.

Academic Vocabulary
daunting: ​overwhelming; intimidating
dwindle: ​to gradually become smaller
successor: ​a person or thing that follows another

Lesson Objectives
1. Explain​ what the Union gained by capturing Vicksburg.
2. Describe​ the importance of the Battle of Gettysburg.
3. Analyze​ how the Union pressed its military advantage after 1863.

The Siege at Vicksburg: ​Text 1

1. Summarize ​why Lincoln believed that Vicksburg was the key to a Union victory. ​Lincoln
believed that Vicksburg was the key to a Union victory because to win they needed to
capture Vicksburg so they would be able to take over the Mississippi River which would
end up splitting up the south into 2 parts if the Union won it.

2. Use Visual Information ​Why did General Grant take such an indirect route to
Vicksburg? Use the map to analyze the campaign. ​General Grant took such an indirect
route to Vicksburg so they could surround the fort as if there was Union ships surround in
behind the river and when they tried the first 2 results from the front neither of them
worked

3. Draw Conclusions ​What tactics by General Grant enabled the Union to be successful
during the Battle of Vicksburg? ​The tactics by General Grant enabled the Union to be
successful during the Battle of Vicksburg was the constant fire and the siege, the union
fighter drove out the confederate forces away and had attacked them from the east which
ended up cutting off their supplies
Confederate Advances Are Met at Gettysburg: ​Text 2
4. Draw Inferences ​When General Stonewall Jackson was shot in battle at
Chancellorsville, legend has it that General Lee said, “He has lost his left arm, but I have
lost my right arm.” Explain in your own words what Lee meant and why Stonewall
Jackson was important to the Confederates.​ I think that Lee meant was that he had lost
one of this closest and best generals he had ever had and Stonewall Jacksonwas
important to the confederates due to the reason that he was considered to be “built like a
stone wall”

5.​ ​Support Ideas with Evidence ​What evidence from the text supports Lincoln’s decision to
replace General Burnside? ​General Lee talked as if he had defeated the Union force that
was led by General Burnside but when the confederates had lost more and more people,
the Union started to had double the casualties

6. Sequence ​Use the graphic organizer below to take notes about key events

Battle of Gettysburg

July 1 July 2 July 3

- The confederates had - The confederates - The Pickett's charge

driven a lot of the attacked the cemetery that was attempted to
union troops south of bridge, but they failed break the Unions lines
town, although the but again they were
union troops had not successful and
secured a higher failed
ground

7. Cite Evidence ​Explain Abraham Lincoln’s purpose in giving the Gettysburg Address.
Cite quotes from the text to support your answer. ​Abraham Lincoln’s purpose in giving
the Gettysburg Address was to Lincoln “described the Civil War as a struggle to fulfill the
Declaration of Independence and to preserve a nation ‘dedicated to the proposition that
all men are created equal.” Lincoln was telling us that he was debating on pushing the
Unions soldiers to keep fighting and to protect the American democratic ideas.

8. Generate Explanations ​What did President Lincoln mean in the Gettysburg Address
when he said the country will have a “new birth of freedom”? ​President Lincoln when he
said the country will have a “new birth of freedom” in the Gettysburg Address, he was
saying that freedom would have a new definition and all the people in the United States
would actually and finally be free

The Union’s Total War: ​Text 3

9. Paraphrase ​Why did General Sherman burn the city of Atlanta? Explain the reasons he
gave in his letter to the mayor, James Calhoun. ​General Sherman burnt the city of
Atlanta because he wanted to destroy the moral of the COnfederacy and all of their
power to create war as a piece of the total war campaign that was going around, but this
 also meant that destroying the people and their property, destroying any and all things
valuable and having to accept nothing less than just totally surrendering

10. Draw Conclusions ​ Explain the effect of total war on Lincoln’s political fate. Then
explain the effect of the total war strategy on the South. ​The effect of total war on Lincoln
political fate, had helped Lincoln win the election of 1864 due to the amount of Union
wins in the south but it all severely ruined the confederate economy and morale, but it did
leave behind a piece of land that was bomb barded and torn apart by citizens.

Sectional Divisions and Civil War

Lesson 7 ​Impact of the Civil War
Key Terms
Thirteenth Amendment-​the 1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United
Statesd wassoontohappen
John Wilkes Booth-​(1838–1865) was an American actor and Confederate sympathizer who shot
and killed President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865. Eleven days after he assassinated
Lincoln, Booth was killed at a farm in Virginia.

Mathew Brady-​(c.1823–1896) was an American photographer and journalist best known for his
photographic documentation of the Civil War.

Land Grant College Act​-​a 1862 law that made money available to states to establish universities
that taught agriculture and mechanical engineering

Academic Vocabulary
aimless: ​without a clear purpose
attrition:​ the act of weakening and tiring out an enemy through constant attack
disillusionment: ​the state of being disappointed because you have lost your belief that an idea
or thing is good and right
feasible: ​possible; practical
malice:​ a desire to cause harm to another person

Lesson Objectives
1. Analyze​ the final events of the Civil War.
2. Explain​ why the North won the war.
3. Assess​ the impact of the Civil War on the North and the South.

The War’s End: ​Text 1

1. Draw Conclusions ​Explain why the Siege of Petersburg was an important battle for
both the Union and the Confederacy. ​The Siege of Petersburg was an important battle
for both the Union and the Confederacy, and would be able to show that it would be the
last battle that the confederates would ever undergo under General Lee. Although both of
the sides were equally fought as hard during the water and had motives to protect
themselves, the union on the other hand was about to replenish their manpower but the
Confederacy could not do that. The results of this siege had eventually led to the retrieval
of a tired confederate army

2. Draw Inferences ​Why did the Union win the Siege of Petersburg even though the Union
had more casualties? ​Even if the Union won the Siege of Petersburg they would have
had more casualties had it led to them being able to capture and surrender Robert E. Lee

3. Describe ​What were Lincoln’s ideas about how to treat the Confederates after their
surrender? ​Lincoln's Ideas about how to treat the Confederates after their surrender was
Lincoln wanted to treat the Confederacy with kindness but did not want to have any bad
feelings, did also refused to plot revenge or give any sort of punishment aganist the
south but Lincoln did want to create a more united nation and finally put an end to slavery

4. Analyze Interactions Among Individuals, Ideas, and Events ​John Wilkes Booth
assassinated Abraham Lincoln. What effect did he think this would have? What effect did
the assassination actually have? ​They had both thought that by assassinating Lincoln
would result in a large mass of confusion and that would give the Confederacy a time to
be able to attack the Union, so instead of doing so the assassination had brough together
the northern supporters.

Explaining the North's Victory: ​Text 2

 5. Vocabulary: Determine Meaning of Phrases ​What is a “war of attrition”? Why was the
Civil War a war of attrition after a certain point? ​A “war of attrition” is a decisive victory for
one of the sides, the people on each of the sides would slowly steal the other person's
resources, and sooner than later the Civil War had become about which side would
outlive the other and because the Union had more supplies and troops.

6. Summarize ​Why was the summer of 1863 so decisive for the Union? ​The summer of
1863 was so decisive for the Union because before that summer a large majority of
confederates had wished that Europde would finally notice their new country and send
them new troops or supplies. They also wished that some southerners thought that the
skill of the military of the confederacy would overthrow and win. But along with this the
union victories of Gettysburg and Vicksburg showed that.

7. Cite Evidence ​Complete the following sentence and then support it with evidence: ​The
Confederacy could have won the Civil War if ____. I​ f the confederacy could have won
the war is France or Britain had come in and done something. ALthough there was a bad
thing that could have happened, such as if the other countries could have started to trade
with the South which would then result in an improved southern economy.

The Costs of War: ​Text 3

8. Compare and Contrast ​Explain the economic impact of the Civil War on the North and
the South. ​The economic impact of the Civil War on the north was that the civil war had
brought a large surge in the manufacturing and in the industry in the United States which
was a world wide economic power. The economic impact of the Civil War on the south
was that the civil war was that the south was slower to recover from the war because of
how many of their cities and their railways had been completely destroyed and ruined
9. Draw Conclusions ​ Identify and explain one long-term impact of the Civil War. ​One
long-term impact of the Civil War was that it had resulted in one of the national unities of
the United States and after the war a larger majority of people after the war was over had
thought of themselves are Americans instead of Virginians