STRUCTURAL
The procedures and limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by the Zoning, site characteristics
following factors. Occupancy, configuring
structural system, and height
Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved
14
recording accelerographs.
Maintenance and service of accelerographs shall be provided by the___. Owner
Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and
Occupant of the building
shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading.
The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of
Load duration
intermittent application of the same load.
Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be
14 sqm.
reduced.
Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are
1.50 mts.
subjected.
Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
1/240 of wall span
perpendicular to said wall.
Maximum deflection of a flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied
1/120 of wall span
perpendicular to said wall.
Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit. 60 sqm.
The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure
Base
or the level at which the structure, as a dynamic vibrator, is supported.
A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure
Collector
to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system.
A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
Diaphragm
resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.
The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure. Base Shear, V
An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm. Boundary Element
An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type which is provided
Braced Frame
to resist lateral forces.
An essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads. Building Frame System
A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear
Dual System
Walls or Braced Frames.
That form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a
Eccentric Braced Frame (EBF)
point away from the column girder joint.
The entire assemblage at the intersection of the members. Joint
The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam. Girder
An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfers
diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements or distributes loads within the diaphragm. Diaphragm Strut
Such members may take axial tension or compression.
The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial
Diaphragm Chord
stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam
Those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations. Essential facilities
That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces. Lateral Force Resisting System
Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile Ordinary Moment Resisting
behavior. Space Frame
The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below. Story Drift
The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation
Strength
limits prescribed in this document.
The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system. Platform
Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm. Horizontal Bracing System
An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
Structure
forces.
A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system
provide support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls Bearing Wall System
or braced frames.
A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
Building Frame System
loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.
A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity
Moment Resisting Frame
loads. Moment resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily by
System
flexural action of members.
Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that of the story above. Weak Story
An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the
structure is subjected to a ground motion time history. The structure's time-dependant
Time History Analysis
dynamic response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its
equations of motions.
The effects on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than Orthogonal Effect
parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration.
The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the
P-delta Effect
vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame.
Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of
Admixture
concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.
Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete. Plain Concrete
Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral
Pedestal
dimension of less than three.
Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below
Modulus of Elasticity
proportional limit of material.
In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into
Jacking Force
prestressing tendons.
Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section. Embedment Length
Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects
Effective Prestress
of dead load and superimposed loads.
Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of
Development Length
reinforcement at a critical section.
Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile. Curvature Friction
Concrete containing lightweight aggregate. Structural Lightweight Concrete
prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting. Bonded Tendon
ASTM A36 Structural Steel
High-Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding. ASTM A514
True or False, Bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams. TRUE
Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for
40 mm
primary reinforcements.
In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio of transverse
Poisson's Ratio
strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain.
In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration. Slenderness Ratio
A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line. Torsion
A type of concrete floor which has no beam. Flat Slab
The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part. Shear
A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force. Deformation
The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain
Yielding Stress
without failure.
It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to 'stress'. Stress
The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent
Allowable Stress
deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.
Intensity of force per unit area. Stress
Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement. Tie / Stirrup
The measure of stiffness of a material. Stiffness Ratio
The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through it. Punching Shear
The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it. Deflection
Nominal thickness of of a timber. 6 inches
The sum of forces in the othorgonal directions and the sum of all moments about any
Equilibrium
points are zero.
The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be
preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after 2 years
completion of the project for a period of not less than.
Wood board should have a thickness specification of. not less than 1"X4"
The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight. Run
A high-speed rotary shaping had power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving
Portable Hand router
on solid wood.
The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system. Girder
Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake, and___. Knots
Dressed lumber is referred to ___. Smoothed or planed lumber
The other kind of handsaw other than rip-cut saw. Cross-cut saw
It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
Live load
present at all.
The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks. Effective length
The amount of space measured in cubic units. Volume
In the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for___. Modulus of Elasticity
An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements
Contraction joint
between them.
the total of all tread widths in a stair. Total run
The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces. Bond Stress
A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter. Purlin
Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss. Size of Dead Load Defelection
A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists
Shear Connector
horizontal shear between elements.
The force per unit area of cross section which tends to produce shear. Shear Stress / Shearing Stress
Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss. Size of Dead Load Defelection
The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strains Hook's Law
Minimum spacing of Bolts in timber connectionn measured from center of bolts parallel
4 X diameter of bolt
for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___.
According to the provisions of the NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the
4 X diameter of bolt
lodaed edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___.
NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be
2.5
at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2.
Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance
12 mm
with NSCP specifications.
Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___. 50
Nails or spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP
11 diameters
specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than ___.
Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications
1/6 depth of member
shall not exceed.
Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the ___. Middle Third Span
Notches in the top and bottom of joists shall not exceed ___. 1/4 the depth
0.60 of specified min. yield
Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area.
stress
Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area. 0.50 of specified minimum
tensile strength
Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area. 0.45 Fy
Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in
0.40 Fy
resisting shear.
For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be
100%
increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be.
The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___. 200
The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___. 240
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
40 mm
exposed to earth or weather.
Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete
20 mm
not exposed to earth or weather.
Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10°C and
7
in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement.
If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___
7
days before test and shall be tested dry.
Curing for high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10°C and in moist
3
condition for at least the ___ days after palcement.
The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar)
25 mm
but not less than ___.
Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean. 180° bend + 4db extension
but not less than 65mm at free
end of bar
Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller. 90° bend + 6db extension
at free end
Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 20-25mmbar. 90° bend + 12db extension
at free end
Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depths greater than 200mm –12 mm
Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement. ± 50 mm
Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall
40db
teminate at different points with a stagger of at least ___.
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less
3db
than ___ for strands.
Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less
4db
than ___ for wire.
Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently
75 mm
exposed to earth or weather using bars larger than 36mm.
