NUR81019 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 2
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
OUTLINE OF TOPICS Survey or Sample Survey
I. What Is A Community Diagnosis? • Sampling technique will depend on the type of community
A. Steps in Community Diagnosis
diagnosis.
II. Determining the Objective & Defining the Study
III. Determining Data to Be Collected Comprehensive
IV. Collecting Data
A. Methods of Data Collection • Random sampling.
• Requires intensive data collection.
V. Developing the Instrument
VI. Actual Data Gathering • Answers all or most of necessary questions.
VII. Data Collation
VIII. Data Presentation Problem-Oriented
A. Types of Diagrams
B. Other Notes
• Purposive sampling.
• Similar to a case study; focuses on one problem in the
IX. Data Analysis
community.
X. Identify the Community Health Nursing Problem
A. Types of Nursing Problems
B. Criteria for Determining Priority Problem Collecting Data
Methods of data collection
XI. Other Notes for CDX Making (Modified)
Observation
• Extracting information from subjects by observing their
WHAT IS A COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS? behavior and their environment.
• In-depth process of finding out the profiles and health • Courtesy call with the leaders of the community to build
status of the community, and the factors affecting the rapport and gather data.
present health status. • Ocular inspection to explore the environment and its
• Client of the community: family inhabitants; observe the community and the people living
in the community.
Steps in community diagnosis
1. Determining the objective. Records review
2. Defining the study. • Data may be obtained by reviewing those that have been
3. Determining the data to be collected. compiled by health or non-health agencies from the
4. Collecting data. government or other sources.
5. Developing the instrument for data collection.
6. Actual data gathering. Interviews
7. Data collation. • Involve asking and answering questions following a
8. Data presentation. systematic procedure aimed at yielding firsthand
9. Data analysis. information.
10. Identify the community health nursing problem.
Focused group discussions
Determining the objective & • Done to elicit and explore opinions of people, determine
defining the study their attitudes, and practices regarding a limited set of
• What is the purpose of the study? concepts.
• What is the study for?
• What does it aim to find out? Developing the instrument
Survey Questionnaire
Determining data to be collected • Form of interview schedule using a written form (check
• Primary data are those gathered from census, surveys, list) one uses to document data begin collected.
and other studies.
• Secondary data are from health records; includes registry Key Informant Interview Guide
of vital events. • Guides the direction to the person doing the interview
using a set of prepared questions on a very specific
Assigning People in a census subject.
• De jure lists every person in the family regardless of their
location at the time of the survey.
• De facto only lists the individuals present at the same time
of the survey regardless of their permanent residence.
BOC | 1
Actual data gathering First paragraph (interpretation)
Numeric data • Interpret the table from highest to lowest percentage.
• Also known as quantitative variables. • Written in present tense.
• Can be counted. • Example: table shows that 30% of the population is…
• Example: age, number of people or objects.
Second paragraph (analysis)
Descriptive data • Analysis of data by citing sources.
• Also known as qualitative variables. • Do not compare one table from another; you cannot
• Can be described or that can reveal characteristics of an justify one table with the use of another.
observable fact. • Ensure that it is concise and straight to the point; do not
give an opinion.
data collation - Do not use the term “I think”.
• After the collection of data, the groups are now ready to • Example: correct: 40% are unemployed because of job
put together all the facts and figures to generate
mismatch and the pandemic; wrong: 40% are unemployed
information about the health status of the community. because 20% are only primary level graduates.
• Tally the data to determine health needs.
- Before tallying data, validate your entries in the IDB; Third paragraph (health implications)
if there are discrepancies, there will be untallied data • Health implications from cited sources.
(unmatched).
• Propose strategies to address health implications within
- Ensure that the IDB is complete before tallying.
the community’s capability.
Data presentation • Example: unemployment limits budget for health; the
Types of diagrams LGUs should provide livelihood programs for the family.
Line graph
Identify the community
• Shows data trend or changes in data with time or age with health nursing problem
respect to some other variable. types of nursing problems
Health Status
Bar graph
• Described in terms of increased or decreased morbidity,
• For comparisons of absolute or relative counts and rates
mortality, fertility, or reduced capability for health
between categories.
wellness.
• For those with categories more than 5.
• Example: increased number of hypertensive patients;
Histogram malnutrition in the community.
• Graphical presentation of frequency distribution or
Health resources
measurement.
• Described in terms of lack of or absence of manpower,
Pie chart money, materials, or institutions necessary to solve health
• Limited to those with a maximum of 5 categories. problems.
• Example: death of the municipal health officer; lack of
Scattered diagram vaccines and medications; limited LGU budget for health.
• Correlation data for two variables.
Health-related
Other notes • Described in terms of existence of social, economic,
• The title of the table is the name of the barangay and the environmental, and political factors that aggravate the
date data was collected. illness inducing-situations in the community.
- Example: Table 1. Age and Sex Distribution of
Barangay 70, Zone 7, District 1, May 2020 Criteria for determining
priority problem
Computation of Total Percentages 1. Decide on a score for each component.
in Populations 2. Divide the chosen score by the highest possible score.
• (Number of females divided by total population) x 100 = 3. Multiple by the weight.
total percent of females 4. Add all scores for every criterium.
• (Number of males divided by total population) x 100 = 5. The health problem with the highest score will be the top
total percent of males priority.
Data analysis
• The most crucial stage in community diagnosis
• Involves the quantification, description, and classification
of data.
• Three paragraphs are made per diagram/table.
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Criteria Score Weight
Other notes FOR CDX MAKING (MODIFIED)
• If in one house there are three families, you will need 3
Nature of the Problem survey tools (one tool per family, not per house).
Based on the three types of nursing problems. • Categorize occupation as either blue collar or white collar
jobs, but just list down all jobs collated from data.
Health Status 3 • Follow range of monthly income as suggested by the tool.
• Past illnesses should not include signs and symptoms.
Health Resource 2 1
- Wrong: cough and colds, flu, fever.
Health-related 1
- Correct: upper respiratory tract infection.
Magnitude of the Problem
WATER SUPPLY IN THE PHILIPPINES
The percentage of the population affected. • Level I: stand-alone water points (e.g. handpumps,
shallow wells, rainwater collectors).
Affects 75% to 100% of the population 4 • Level II: piped water with a communal water point (e.g.
borewell, spring system) shared by 20 to 25 households.
Affects 50% to 74% of the population 3 • Level III: piped water supply with a private water point
3
(e.g. house connection) based on daily water demand.
Affects 25% to 49% of the population 2
Excreta disposal in the Philippines
Affects less than 25% of the population 1
• Level I: non-water carriage toilet facility (e.g. pit latrines,
Modifiability of the Problem
reed odorless earth closet).
Probability of success to enhance wellness state, decrease, alleviate, or • Level II: on site toilet facilities of the water carriage type
eradicate problems through interventions. with water-sealed and flush type with septic vault/tank
disposal.
High 3 • Level III: water carriage types of toilet facilities connected
to septic tanks and/or to sewerage system to treatment
Moderate 2 4 plant.
Low 1
Not Modifiable 0
Preventive Potential
Nature and magnitude of future problem that can be minimized or
prevented by interventions.
High 3
Moderate 2 1
Low 1
Social Concerns
Community’s perceptions and evaluation of problems based on
seriousness and urgency of attention needed or family readiness.
Urgent community concern; expressed readiness 2
for action
1
Recognized as a problem but not needing 1
immediate action
Not a community concern 0
BOC | 3
