ST.
THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
Lesson 7
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Identification;
Directions: Identify the term or concept being described by the following. Write your answer
in the space provided before each number.
VHF TRANSMITTER 1. One of the AIS main components.
TO HELP IDENTIFY THE VESSEL, TO ASSIST IN TARGET TRACKING, TO SIMPLIFY
INFORMATION EXCHANGE, AND TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO
ASSIST SITUATION AWARENESS 2.The objectives of Automatic Identification System
(AIS).
TO ASSIST A VESSEL’S WATCH STANDING OFFICERS AND ALLOW MARITIME
AUTHORITIES TO TRACK AND MONITOR VESSEL MOVEMENTS 3
. An advantage of
AIS enables to identify specific vessel are their activity with or near nations.
WHILE UNDERWAY 4. AIS transmitter send data every 2 to 10 seconds
depending on a vessel speed.
AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS TRANPORDERS 5
. Design to be capable of
providing information about the ship to other shipand to coastal authorities automatically.
VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES (VTS) 6
. A system used by ship principally for identification
locating vessel.
ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM 7. Information provided
by AIS equipment, such position, course,
speed that displayed on the screen
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION’S (IMO) INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA 8. That requires AIS to be fitted
aboard internationally voyaging ships with GT 300 or more.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 9
. A satellite based navigation system consisting of 24
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
orbiting satellite.
AUTOMATIC TRACKING SYSTEM 10. What kind of system is AIS?
RADAR 11. Used to describe electronic equipment that can determine the direction and
range of objects with the help of radio waves.
BRIDGE-TO-BRIDGE COMMUNICATIONS 12. It should be available to mariners at the
position from which the ship is
normally operated.
ARPA 13. A computerized radar plotting system that can perform radar plotting
manually or automatically according to the operator's chose of heading.
DATA INPUT AND CHECKING UN/LOCODE RECOMMENDATION FORMAT 14. To
ensure that own ship static information is correct and up to date, the OOW should check the
data whenever there is a reason for it.
VHF DSC RECEIVER (CH.70)15. A standard marine electronic communication link and
sensor system.
Assessment
Directions: Answer briefly the following questions. Write your answer in the space provided
after each number.
1. Discuss the importance of Automatic Information System (AIS)
T
he Automatic Information System (AIS) was developed primarily as a tool for maritime safety -
vessel collision avoidance, use by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and as a means for littoral states
to get information on vessels operating near their coasts. AIS equipment aboard vessels
continuously and autonomously transmits information about the vessel including its identity,
position, course and speed to enhance safety. This information has also come to be seen by the
U. S. Coast Guard as a critical tool in enhancing Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) in support of
all Coast Guard missions. MDA is the effective understanding of anything associated with the
global maritime environment that could affect the security, safety, economy, or environment of
the United States. To achieve MDA, the Coast Guard must collect as much information as
possible on activities occurring in the maritime domain. A large part of this activity relates to the
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
movement of vessels, therefore detection, classification, identification and monitoring of vessels
is a key component of MDA. The Coast Guard believes that AIS can provide a critical part of
vessel tracking needs to build maritime domain awareness.
2. Why is RADAR different from ARPA
Radar is the system that sends out radio waves and receives the reflected signals to detect
objects and report their direction and distance (and speed with Doppler radar). ARPA
(automatic radar plotting aid) takes those contacts and uses computer electronics to plot
them to help the operator understand the significance of the contacts. ARPA is not the radar
itself but is the brains that use radar to aid in navigation. It’s been in use in some form since
the 70’s
Lesson 8
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Matching Type
Directions: Match column A with Column B corresponds to the correct answer. Write
the letter of your answer in the space provided before each number.
Column A Column B
L 1. Parallel Indexing a. Measure bearing and range
Q__2. RADAR b. Fixed target
J__3. ARPA c. ship drift
M 4
. Ships Track d. Track tendency
A 5
. VRM e. Direction and range
S 6
. EBL f. Echo of the radar
B 7
. Lighthouse g. Radar transponder
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
C 8
. Current h. Navigational plan
O 9
. Shore line i. Track in coastal navigation
D 10. Tidal stream j. Computerize radar plotting
E 11. Radio wave k. Watch keeper
P 12. Position fixing l. Monitor ships movement
F 1
3. X Band or S Band m. Line drawn on radar display
G__14. Navigational mark n. Pilotage technique
H 15. Passage o. Keep at safe distance
K__16. OOW p. ships position
N 17. Mariner q. Electronic equipment
R 18. Chart work r. Appraisal stage of passage
I 19. Navigator s. Use to measure bearing
T 2
0. Collision t. Ships accident
Assessment
Directions: Answer the following question briefly. Write your answer in the space provided
after each number.
1. Discuss the purpose of parallel indexing
Parallel index technique is a refinement of the radar clearing line applied to the radar
display. It is a simple and effective way of monitoring a ship’s progress by observing the
movement of the echo of a clearly identified mark with respect to lines drawn on the
radar display parallel to the ship’s track. It is of particular use in the preparation of tracks
when planning a passage.
Parallel Indexing don't change with time. Nowadays, many marine navigators are still not
utilizing the Parallel Indexing technique to monitor their ship's progress and their ship is
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
going aground simply because the bridge team doesn't know the exact and correct
position of the ship at all stages of the navigational passages.
And the vast majority of the modern rasterscan radar/ARPA displays have electronic
parallel indexing lines available for use. Unfortunately we have already had GPS assisted
groundings due to inability of the navigators to correct the GPS displayed position using
the datum corrections required before plotting the corrected position on the chart A.
2. What is the most important advantage of parallel indexing
Parallel indexing is a fantastic tool for monitoring the ship’s position. For this reason,
it must be used wherever a radar conspicuous object or landmark is available. The
use of parallel indexing to monitor cross-track distance is key to navigation. On
modern radar sets, four or more index lines are typically available, often in different
colours, enabling the navigator to index present and future courses. Parallel indexing
allows an almost instant reaction to any unplanned deviation from course, as well as
continuous monitoring of the vessel’s progress in relation to its track. The great
advantage of parallel indexing is that it requires nothing more than the relative track
of a fixed object parallel and reciprocal to the vessel’s own track. Remember the
saying: “to safely get by, use your PI.”
Learning Module 8.2.
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Multiple Choice
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where observing system established by harbor or port authority.
a. Vessel movement c. V
essel traffic management
b. Safety traffic d. Reporting system
2. The purpose of VTM is to improve the safety and efficiency of what?
a. Environment c. Organization
b. Protection d. N
avigation
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
3. Who recognized the international body for developing guidelines for the ship
reporting system?
a. Organization c. Adopted system
b. Government d. Safety and efficiency
4. The OOW of the ship shall comply with the requirements of the adoptive ship
system.
a. Master c. Organization
b. VTM d. 3rd Officer
5. Who improved the safety and efficiency of navigation?
a. VTS c. Government
b. Organization d. VTM
6. Who submits the system to the organization for navigation?
a. Adopted government c. Regulating government
b. Contracting government d. Recognizing government
7. Who reports the appropriate authority all information required following the provision
of each such system?
a. Chief Mate c. 2nd Mate
b. Master d. 3rd Mate
8. Who assists the Master of the ship responsible for the ship's course and speed when
necessary?
a. Chief Mate c. 3rd Mate
b. 2nd Mate d. P
ilot
9. Who gives the value of VTS in navigation safety first recognize?
a. IMO c. Assembly
b. SOLAS d. T
raffic Services
10. To maximize the port’s efficiency, the turn- around time of a ship visit must be
minimized even in a high-density situation or adverse weather condition
a. Port state control c. Convention control
b. Maritime control d. Safety control
11. When restricted visibility is an encounter or expected, the first responsibility of the
OOW should.
a. Inform the Master c. Inform the IMO
b. Inform the VTS d. Inform the Port State Control
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
12. When the safety of navigation, it states that the government may establish VTS
when the volume of traffic or the degree of risk of a collision such service.
a. COLREG c. MARPOL
b. SOLAS Chapter V d. Traffic Services
13. The effect of the adjacent shore areas, worksites, and offshore installation from
possible adverse effects.
a. Maritime Traffic c. Maritime role
b. Maritime management d. Maritime regulatory
14. Who initiates the action in establishing a ship reporting system?
a. Government c. International law
b. Organization d. United Nation
15. Government concern shall take all measures necessary for promulgation for any
inspection needed.
a. Ships operation c. Ships safety
b. Ships reporting system d. Ships navigation
Assessment
Directions: Answer the following briefly. Write your answer in the space provided after each
number.
1. Discuss the purpose of ships routing
The purpose of ships’ routeing is to improve the safety of navigation in converging areas and in
areas where the density of traffic is great or where freedom of movement of shipping is inhibited
by restricted sea-room, the existence of obstruction to navigation, limited depths, and
unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Ship routeing systems were adopted by IMO to improve safety at sea including two-way routes,
recommended tracks, deep water routes, precautionary areas and areas to be avoided.
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES
D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5
FINAL
Ships’ routeing systems are recommended for use by and may be made mandatory for all ships,
certain categories of ships or ships carrying certain cargoes when adopted and implemented in
accordance with the guidelines and criteria developed by the Organization.
A ship shall use a mandatory ships’ routeing system adopted by the Organization as required for
its category or cargo carried and in accordance with the relevant provisions in force unless there
are compelling reasons not to use a particular ships’ routeing system.
2. Give the meaning of VTS and explain
Vessel traffic services - VTS - are shore-side systems which range from the provision of simple information
messages to ships, such as position of other traffic or meterological hazard warnings, to extensive
management of traffic within a port or waterway.
VTS operator at workGenerally, ships entering a VTS area report to the authorities, usually by radio, and
may be tracked by the VTS control centre.
Ships must keep watch on a specific frequency for navigational or other warnings, while they may be
contacted directly by the VTS operator if there is risk of an incident or, in areas where traffic flow is
regulated, to be given advice on when to proceed.
Traditionally, the master of a ship has been responsible for a ship's course and speed, assisted by a pilot
where necessary. Ships approaching a port would announce their arrival using flag signals.
With the development of radio in the late 19th century, radio contact became more important. But the
development of radar during World War Two made it possible to accurately monitor and track shipping
traffic.
