FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE’S

STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS (SONA) FROM 2016-2019

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences
Camarines Norte State College

In partial fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Arts in English Language

By

BRAZOS, JUSTIN V.
DUBLIN, ALLYSZA B.
GIDUCOS, JOHN PAUL G.
SAN ANDRES, RUFFA MAY Z.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers profoundly express their deepest gratitude to all who gave

their kind and whole-hearted support, appreciation and encouragement in the

preparation of the study, especially to the following persons:

Ms. Rhodaviv V. Avila their thesis adviser, for her concern, support,

motivation and for sharing her ideas that gave us more and better ideas on this

research.

Ms. Helen D. Cabanilla their thesis writing professor, for checking the thesis

drafts. Her comments and suggestions helped improved in the preparation of this

study.

To the Panel members, Ms. Pearly Beth Ogayon, Ms. Jeselle T. Hernandez

and Dr. Roberto L. Olboc, for their valuable time in reviewing and giving comments

and suggestions toward the improvement of this research.

To their families, for their full support through financial help and by giving

them opportunities to learn and pursue their studies.

Above to all, to Almighty God, who is the source of all their wisdom and blessings,

and who sustained them with strength and courage to face the rigor of this research;

for without Him, their work would not be completed.

The Researchers
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

PAGE

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Table of Content iv

List of Tables v

List of Figures vi

Abstract vii

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION

Importance of the study

Objectives of the Study

Scope and Limitation

Time and Place of the study

II. RELATED LITERATURE

Women's Political Participation

Feminism and Social Media Discourse

Socio Economic Status of Women

Global Issues: Gender Equality and women’s Empowerment

10

Contemporary Gender Issues

11

Global Gender Gap Report 2018 Philippines

12

Filipino Values

14

Theoretical Framework 16

Conceptual Framework 18

III. METHODOLOGY

Methodology 20

Research Design

20

Data Collection 20
Subject of the Study

21

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Result and Discussion 22

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 45

Conclusion 46

Recommendations 46

LITERTURE CITED

47

APPENDICES

A. Nomination for Thesis Advisory Committee

B. Application for Final oral Defense

C. Permission to conduct study and to use College Facilities

for the conduct of Undergraduate Thesis

D. Certification from the Secretary

E. Curriculum Vitae

F. Certification
 List of Tables

State of the Nation Address (SONA 2016)

23

State of the Nation Address (SONA 2017)

25

State of the Nation Address (SONA 2018)

27
 State of the Nation Address (SONA 2019)

29

List of Figures

Theoretical Paradigm 17
 Conceptual Paradigm

19

ABSTRACT
Title: FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA
DUTERTE’S STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS (SONA) FROM
2016-2019
Researchers: Justin V. Brazos
Allysza B. Dublin
John Paul G. Giducos
Ruffa May Z. San Andres
Degree: Bachelor of Arts in English Language
Year: 2019
Adviser: Ms. Rhodaviv V. Avila

This study aimed to analyze President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s SONA from
2016-2019. It utilized a qualitative research design. The Feminist approach of Marry
Wollstonecraft and a supporting study of Suazo were used in analyzing the context of
President Duterte’s SONA.
Through the use of the said feminist approach, the following were identified:
(1) there were different portrayals of women in the SONA of President Duterte from
2016 to 2019. The four pillars of the language of inequality were all utilized as it
showed the portrayal of women. (2) There were contradictions on the portrayal of
women between contemporary gender issues and the SONA. (3) There were Filipino
Values revealed in the SONA of President Duterte.
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers formulated
the following recommendations: (1) for students of literature, they should practice
their skills in writing literary pieces specifically on writing their draft for the
preparation of their speech. (2) For the public speaker, is is recommended to further
understand and analyze the context of their (masterpiece) speech to avoid
discriminations. (3) For the future researchers, it is recommended to conduct a further
study with regards on analyzing a literary piece using the lens of feminist approach.

INTRODUCTION
 Women passed through many problems and obstacles to become an important

member of the society. They struggled for a long time to achieve their rights.

Feminism had generated an ongoing debate all over the world and it came to aid

women to put an end to the injustice treatment for them in their battle against

injustice. It became the voice of the women in times that they were not able to speak

or to and express their feelings. Women’s oppression is caused by the system of

patriarchy, a system that places men as superior over women in every aspect of their

life. Patriarchy, rule the fathers, was the basic primary cause of oppression for

women. Male domination is everywhere, when women exist, the system of men

would followed and accompanied.

To further understand feminism, it is better to understand the meaning of the

word Feminism itself. ‘ Feminism is a struggle to correct laws and practices that

prevent woman from achieving full equality with men in all aspects of domestic and

public life. But the deeper struggle is against attitudes that sustain such discriminatory

practices. (Murphy, 1995)

The liberation of women in the USA was when the phrase women’s liberation

was the first used in the United States in 1964, and one of the first appeared in print in

1966. By 1968, although the term women’s liberation appeared in the magazine

ramparts, it was started to refer to the whole women’s movement. Bra-burning also

became associated with the movement, though the actual prevalence of bra-burning is

suitable.

One of the most vocal critics of the women’s liberation movement is the

African American feminist and intellectual named Gloria Jean Watkins who used the

pseudonym Bell Hooks who and argued that this movement glossed over race and
class and thus failed to address the issues that divided women. She also highlighted

the lack of minority voices in the women’s movement in her book Feminist Theory

from Margin to Center (1984). In 1979, the General Assembly adopted

the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against

Women (CEDAW), in which often described as International Bill of Rights for

Women.  In its 30 articles, the Convention explicitly defines discrimination against

women and set up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination. The

Convention targets culture and tradition as an influential force shaping the gender

roles and family relations, and the first human rights treaty to affirm the reproductive

rights of women. According to Gilman (1896), a materialist feminist and a major

theorist of first-wave feminism, focused the analysis of women's labor onto the way

that men were the beneficiaries of the exploitation of women. Men believed that

women should stay at home together with their children and to take care and to raise

them. But for the women it is not right, so they fought for their rights in order to

became equal to men. Due to these, conflicts happened between man and woman

when it comes to gender equality, rights, and interests and pay gap.

In the Philippines, the society assumes that men have a natural right to control

the women, socialization patterns and traditions encourage male violence against the

disempowered, who are the women (Monares, 1996). And many women in the world

suffered from oppression and discrimination that caused them to hurt their feelings

and dignity. There was a movement in the Philippines called Philippine Women’s

Movement, That was an organized national movement composed of women’s NGOs

and organizations of women’s workers, rural women and indigenous women, youth

survivors of violence against women, women committees in mixed organization.

(Taguiwalo 2013). In the last three decades, the movements of the women provided
services on sexual and reproductive health and victims of gender-based violence and

for the advancement of women’s rights.

During the Second World War, Filipino women were subjected to war crimes.

A number of them became comfort women and became victims, not just of rape but of

the heavier crime of sex slavery. This phenomenon was among the worst cases of

systematic rape suffered by women in war time (Kimura, 2003). Some of them were

promised to have jobs, and subsequently brought to comfort houses where they

experienced repetitive rape by tens of Japanese soldiers per day. The youngest

comfort woman was aged at around nine years old. Most were forcibly abducted,

raped repetitively, and made to do chores for the Japanese soldiers (Yap, 2016).

The administration of the Philippines is under the leadership of President

Rodrigo Roa Duterte. The aforementioned had made crass and misogynistic

satatements and actions the new normal in the daily conduct of the highest official of

the land, spewed jokes about rape and sexist remarks about the Vice-President’s body,

and bragging about his numerous extramarital affairs. The President also called his

own daughter |drama queen after the latter claimed that she was also a rape victim and

some feminist and women’s group never been failed to call him out. And the Another

female political figure, Pia Cayetano brushed aside such instances of misogyny , and

claimed instead that Duterte as Mayor of Davao City, advanced women’s rights and

welfare. (Gutierrez 2017).

Therefore, the researchers conducted this study as the researchers found out

that women were not given equal benefits, privilege opportunities and rights

compared to men. It is said that through a patriarchal system before the women lead

them to oppressed that they have been face face oppression in their daily lives. By
means of the SONA of President Duterte, the researchers determined if the

distribution of benefits and rights were also distributed among women.

Importance of the Study

The result of this study benefits to the following:

This study benefits the Filipino women for with the additional knowledge with

in regards on how they were being portrayed in the SONA of President Duterte.

Filipino Men will be able to know the status of women in their country. It

also provides awareness and information to the Filipino men on a woman’s worth in

different aspects. This study serves as their guide in teaching concerning to the with

feminism.

Teachers would reach the demands and needs of their students with regards to

gender, equality, language and power. This study gave contributions to the students

for their additional knowledge.

Also, it gave clear understanding and enlightenment with feminism. Wherein

students understood the critical and proper usage of language in public

communication in order to avoid such gender issues and inequality. This study will

also benefit the future researchers as their guide and reference material in

conducting the same research and to further improve the study.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to analyze President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s SONA from

2016-2019. Specifically, it aims to: (1.) identifiy portrayal of women in President

Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s speeches “SONA” (2.) determin the relationship of the

portrayal of women in Duterte’s SONA to the contemporary gender issues. (3.)

determine the Filipino values system that was revealed in President’s SONA from

2016-2019 after the and its portrayal of Women.

Scope and Limitation

This study focused on analyzing the Senate State of the Nation

Address of the President Duterte by through the lens of a feminist approach of by

Mary Wollstonecraft. The full context transcript of the speech of President Duterte in

his SONA from 2016 to 2019 was the primary data of this study. In those SONAs the

only aim is to identify was for the specific portrayal of women. Identifying the

portrayal of men was not in the scope of the study as the only focus of the theory was

just for the condition of women in the modern society. There were some websites that

the researchers utilized to answer the objectives of the study. One of those was the

study of Suazo about the Filipino Values that helped to determined the and revealed

Filipino values in the portrayal of women. Also, websites with regards to the

contemporary gender issues both in global and local was used to answer the second

objectives.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents the literature and studies related to the present research.

Also, this chapter included the theoretical framework and paradigm, and the

conceptual framework and paradigm of the study.

Women's Political Participation

Women in positions of power and decision-making structures remain crucial

in advancing women's empowerment, to the extent that the United Nations (UN) that

encourages member-states towards an equal participation of women in decision-

making bodies. However, the dominant patriarchal framework of politics and

governance has made it hard for women to assert themselves in traditional centers of

power like states, courts of law, congresses, and even local governments. Globally,

the gender gap in political leadership remains high, with the UN reporting that only

22.8% of all national parliamentarians in the world were women. As well, only 10
women serve as head of states. This goes to show that globally, men continue to

dominate politics (Firmalo-Fabic, 2016). In this regard, the Philippines has done fairly

well. For a developing, Catholic, and patriarchal society, the Philippines exceeded

expectations when it ranked 7th in the Global Gender Gap Index (World Economic

Forum, 2016) which measure factors like gender equality, health, economic and

political opportunities, and political empowerment. Analysis of these figures in

relation to previous global gender gap reports may lead to the conclusion that the gap

would finally close in a span of 82 years (World Economic Forum, 2016).

According to Rwanda (2008), the first country to achieve a female majority

national legislature, and women hold 63.8percent seats by women. The growing

number of women in politics had shown great importance on achieving justice and

equality.

(Sobritchea 2004) noted that the Pilipina and the Kalayaan were the first group

focused on women's issues, concludes the personal and societal levels. Both groups

launched study sessions and campaigns against sexism in media, the violation of

women's reproductive rights, gender violence, prostitution and gender inequality in

access to employment as well as income.

Filipino Women activists expressed dismayed to President Duterte of his

action. The women’s party of Gabriela stated that the action was a sexual advances

against women. Senator Risa Honteveros, said there was an abused of power. It was

not the first time that the President acted inappropriately against woman in press

conference. The president supporters said that it is just a “gimmick” and it is a normal

to the President. But despite of this, Filipinos were still satisfied to the President. Here
are the following women that President was being opposed with them, such as former

Secretary of Justice Leila De Lima, and former Chief Justice Sereno Maria Lourdes

were some of his loudest critics. Additionally, these prominent women in Filipino

politics they stand as a strong advocator for human rights. Included in this list of

female opponents is Vice President Leni Robredo, a lawyer and human rights activist,

who recently faced a recount of the election results. The President had often

undermined Vice President Leni Robredo in public, with statements made on May

questioning whether she really was a Vice President.

Feminism and Social Media Discourse

Associations through their interventions in global governance have affected

social constructions of femininity and masculinity as well as the pervasive

subordinations of women. Feminists have particular interest in the struggles of

women’s movements to advance, for example, concerns with gender and human

rights at the UN, gender and trade at the WTO, and gender and development in the

global financial institutions. (Scholte, 2017).

Around 58 percent of careers were female according to the Office of National

Statistics, with women in full-time work still more likely to be careers than men in

full-time work. Transgendered women remain extremely likely to be prejudiced

against; lesbian women tend to experience higher levels of discrimination in the UK

than gay men. Black African women who were asylum seekers in the UK have an

appallingly high mortality rate, estimated at 7 times higher than for white women. The

most persistent health disparities, according to the latest EHRC report, were best

illustrated by the fact that a quarter of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women reported a

disability in the last census, rising to two thirds of Pakistani women in older age
groups. This rather depressing state of affairs shows that issues of race, disability,

sexual orientation and gender amongst many other things often combine to create a

reality of extreme disadvantage for certain groups. Most of the time, these groups

were female. (Rhianmon and Holly, 2013).

Although it is no longer the case in Britain, a large percentage of the world

refuses to recognize rape within marriage as a criminal offence. Meanwhile, here in

the UK, 89 per cent of regular domestic violence victims were women, and two

women a week were killed by a male partner or former partner. The banter culture

that surrounds violence against women jokes about rape as surprise sex does not do

this state of affairs any favors. So long as women were disproportionately targeted for

violence, our work is never done - which is why the great work of charities like

Women’s Aid is so encouraging. Put like this, sexism today can seem an

insurmountable obstacle, despite all of our past collective achievements. But it’s

worth remembering that often, just drawing attention to inequality can be enough to

get people on board with tackling it; consider the huge popularity of Everyday

Sexism. If you don’t know where to start, places like UK Feminist have a campaign

for every form of stigma, ranging from discussions of why people assume that

Muslim women wearing headscarves do not have a voice, to policing plastic surgery

adverts in magazines. It’s still a tough world out there for The Ladies, and we hope

that we’ve demonstrated how sexism remains at work in 2013. Here’s hoping modern

feminism would tackle it; as we all know, a fight on many fronts greatly improves our

chances. (Rhianmon and Holly, 2013).

Socio Economic Status of Women

 Women’s socio-economic development is a prerequisite for sustainable

development and Growth. Women’s socio-economic participation and empowerment

are fundamental to strengthen women’s rights and enabling women to have control

over their lives and to exert influence in society. (Swedish Ministry for Foreign

Affairs, 2010). Throughout history, women have played an important role in the

family that ranges from bearing and rearing of children to income generation. But

Women were discriminated in the family in the society at large and their worth and

contribution were not seen and has been not recognized.

Tisdell (2002), said that women access to social services, institutions and

opportunities were restricted while their socio-economic position is dependent on

men, which affect their lives. Furthermore, women were subject to discrimination,

persistent inequalities, and exclusion because of patriarchy and gender role

differences in the society. (Khan, et al. 2014). In addition, education is frequently an

important factor of one’s eventual socioeconomic status. Equal education is very

important to have an opportunities that supposedly open to both genders, women

continue to be more likely to be found in traditionally female-oriented jobs than in

science, mathematics, and technology jobs that offered higher socioeconomic status.

Brown (2009) stated that socioeconomic status measured the factor of person’s

education, occupation and income that is directly influenced of their voting behavior.

The higher the education of person, occupation and status and income levels, the more

chances they were to vote. The more a persons a lower level of education and

economic status are more apathetic towards politics and they participate less in the

voting process.

Global Issues: Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

 According to Sangamithra (2008), women empowerment is central to human

development. Human development as a process of enlarging peoples choices of half

of the humanity. The targeted action that aimed to empowering the women and right

the gender inequalities in the social and economic share. As well as in terms of social

and political rights. The extent of women empowerment in the country had largely

determined by 3 factors: economic, social and political identity. Gender equality is a

human right, but our world faces a persistent gap in access to opportunities and

decision-making power for men and women.

According to the Magna Carta of Women that moves from the empowerment

of women in all spheres of development and seeks to end discrimination through the

recognition, protection, fulfillment and promotion of the rights of Filipino women, the

MCW level up the playing field by making productive resources and economic

opportunities that is equally to both women and men. Guaranteeing the right of

women and giving them opportunities to reach their full potential is critical not only

for attaining gender equality, but also for meeting a wide range of international

development goals. Empowered women and girls have contribute to the health and

productivity of their families, communities, and countries, creating a ripple effect that

benefits everyone.

Contemporary Gender Issues

Globally, women have fewer opportunities for economic participation than

men, less access to basic and higher education, greater health and safety risks, and

less political representation. Guaranteed the rights of women and gave them

opportunities that reach their full potential was critical not only for attaining gender

equality, but also to meet a wide range of international development goals.

Empowered women and girls contributed to the health and productivity of their

families, communities, and countries, created a ripple effect that benefits everyone.

(Peace Corps (n.d.)

Women was still accounts for 53% of the unpaid family workers while they

constituted only 37.7% of the wage and salary earners. Though this showed that the

regular income possibilities for women were still limited, the average household

annual income of female-headed families was higher. The situation also pushes them

to seek employment overseas. Increased numbers of domestic helpers and entertainers

were also deployed both legally and illegally. (Anonuevo, 2004)

Also according to the study of Anonuevo (2004) stated that the statistics on

women remained indicative of the deep-rooted and widespread problems they

encountered in their daily lives. The labor market had stereotyped women,

disadvantaged them in jobs and incomes, and even forced them into prostitutions and

slave-like work. The social image of a Filipina was still of a weak person, poster girl

of domestic help, expert in double burden, and a sexual object. While the mainframe

of gender politics was changed, the struggle of women to escaped from the traditional

mold everyday life continued.

In addition, the long history of colonialism had embedded a patriarchal culture

among Filipinos. The conception of women as full-time homemakers, as subordinated

to men, violence against them is private, as reserve labor force, and as sexual objects

was eroded by modern women asserting themselves in many aspects of life. But on

the other hand, some were either marginalized, discriminated, or even exploited by

the harsh realities of global economy and consumerism. (Anonuevo, 2004)

Global Gender Gap Report 2018 Philippines

 Based on Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, December 18) — The Philippines

remained the top Asian country with the narrowest gap between men and women,

according to a global report.

The World Economic Forum (WEF)'s Global Gender Gap Report for 2018

also ranked the Philippines eighth among 149 countries that achieved gender equality.

It said the country got its record-high score of 0.799, which means it has closed

almost 80 percent of its overall gender gap. The country also improved two notches

from being on the 10th spot in 2017.

The report listed the Philippines among the five countries that have achieved

full parity in political and economic leadership – with women legislators, senior

officials and managers. Other countries with the same achievement are Laos,

Bahamas, Colombia, and Jamaica. The Philippines' gender gap in the educational

attainment pillar remains closed, like last year. This means the literacy rate and

enrolment in schools were almost the same for men and women.

Based on the report it was noted that the Philippines managed to narrow its

Economic Participation and Opportunity gender gap, due to increases in wage

equality for similar work and women's estimated earned income. Based on the WEF's

annual Executive Opinion Survey, the Philippines closed 79 percent of the gap on

wage equality in the year of 2018, from 75 percent in 2017. However, the Philippines

got the lowest score of 0.416 in the area of political empowerment which means it has

yet to close almost 60 percent of the gap and it is not alone.

The report said that Political Empowerment is where the gender gap remains

the widest. Only 23 percent of the political gap unchanged since last year has been

closed, and no country has yet fully closed political empowerment gaps. This
indicator measures the gap between men and women at the highest level of political

decision-making, either as head of state or in key parliamentary and ministerial

positions.

It is also said that in the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte has publicly

said Duterte prefers to appoint men in government, said that they can get his many

orders done. Globally, a lot more needs to be done. At the year of 2018 Global

Gender Gap score stands at 68 percent. This means that, on average, there is still a 32

percent gap to close.

Filipino Values
According to Suazo (2019). Reunderstanding Filipino values is necessary for

the country’s economic development. This is contention of Bago (2001) in her

stylized framework for development in the Philippines. Based on this framework, the

present Philippine situation is seen as a result of cultural values that serve as its

foundation. This idea corroborates the understanding of Ramirez (1991) that values of

the people reflect the workings of institutions which are the externalizations of

culture.

Utang na loob was refered to a ‘debt of gratitude’ which is difficult or almost

impossible to quantify. The Filipino feels obligated to return a favor or help given to

him. Hiya or shame is a painful emotion of being disgraced or losing one’s face. The

Filipino is shame-oriented; that is, his major concern is social approval, acceptance by

the group, and belonging to the group. Status consciousness is the Filipino

predisposition to value their honor and status more than anything else. To many of

them, karangalan is far more important than material wealth. High regard for women

were highly regarded and respected and relied upon when it comes to family, as well

as politics and business affairs. Suazo (2019).

 Hard Work and Industry With resourcefulness comes hard work. Filipinos

were very determined and persevering in accomplishing whatever they set their minds

to. Filipinos over the years have proven time and time again that they were a people

with an industrious attitude. Sadly, this is seen by others as Filipinos being only useful

as domestic helpers, working abroad. Spirit of Kinship and Camaraderie a Filipino

community spirit and cooperation wherein a group of individuals extends a helping

hand without expecting any remuneration. It is characterized by communal work

towards one goal exemplified in carrying a nipa house or pushing a passenger

jeepney. Reyes (2015).

Pakikipagkapwa-tao this is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of

the ‘other’. It means treating others with respect and dignity as an equal, not someone

below the individual. Adaptability is refers to change or be change in order to fit or

work better in some situation or some purpose. Joy and Humor is a famous trait is the

ability of Filipinos to find humor in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and

positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they were in so as to remain determined in

going through struggles or challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same way a

child who has fallen laughs. Family Orientation is the basic and most important unit

of a Filipino’s life is the family. Unlike in Western countries, young Filipinos who

turn 18 were not expected to move out of their parents’ home. When a Filipino’s

parents are old and cannot take care of themselves, they were cared for in their

children’s homes. Medina (2001).

Theoretical Framework

This study is supported by the Feminist Approach that was proposed by Mary

Wollstonecraft (1792) and a supporting study of Suazo (2019)

According to Mcatamney (n.d.) in Women and Gender Studies, feminism is

various set of ideologies and theories that is seeking to achieve an equal political and

economic rights both for men and women. Also, it seeks to achieve equal treatment

and opportunities for both sexes in the same field works and status in the society.

Feminist is the belief that it is not only focuses on girls and women that it has an
inherent goal of promoting the superiority of women over men. It is always been

about viewing the social in a way that illuminates the forces that create and support

inequality, oppression, and justice, and in doing so, promotes the pursuit of equality

and justice Crossman (n.d.) in Feminist Theory in Sociology. The mostly associated

with liberal feminism is the inequality in language. It is an individualist form of

feminist theory which focused on the ability of women to maintain their equality

through their own actions and choices. It argues that the society holds the false belief

that women were less intellectually and physically capable than men. It tends to the

point that women was discriminated in some aspects. In most situation language of

inequality happens in terms of distributions of privileges, opportunities, social status

and power.

Marry Wollstonecraft is one of the famous liberal feminists that became

influential with her writings A Vindication of the Rights of Women. It argues that

women were not inferior to men. (Ritzer, 2008). In application to this, since the

SONA is a context that the value of society is represented, it is manifested that there

is a source of distributions with regards to the social status, opportunities, privileges

and power.
 Power

Language of Opportunitie
Privileges
Inequality s

Social
Status
 Fig. 1 Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study supported by Feminism (1792) with its

concentration about the condition of women in modern society had something to do

with gender roles between men and women. However, the female sex was part of an

attempt to come to a comprehensive understanding of relation within a civilization

increasingly governed by acquisitiveness and consumption.

With the usage of feminism that focused on the gender roles between men and

women, the researchers identified the portrayal of women in the four selected SONAs

of President Duterte from 2016-2019. Additionally, it helped to clearly determine the

relationships of the contemporary gender issues to the roles of women in the SONAs.

Through the study of Suazo (2019) that corroborates the understanding of Ramirez

(1991) that the values of people reflected the worked of institutions which are the

externalization of culture. With this, the reflection of the Filipino Values in the

portrayal of women was determined. Therefore, the SONA of President Duterte was

used as the object of the study to give its value for the people.
 SONA
(2016-2019)

PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN

Contemporary Gender Issues Filipino Values System

Fig. 2 Conceptual Paradigm

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study is a qualitative research that utilized discourse analysis, the

researchers studied the ways of language people used language in written texts.

Specifically, the researchers focused on the context of the President Rodrigo Roa

Duterte's SONAs from 2016-2019. Through this design it was used to study inequality

in society, such as institutional racism, bias in media, and sexism. The feminist

approach was used as well to determine and answer the objectives of the study.

Data Collection

This study was conducted from November 2018 to November 2019. The

researchers conceptualized the problems, the scope and limitation of the study, the

objectives and the related literature. Entitled “Feminist Analysis of President Rodrigo

Duterte’s SONA from 2016-2019.

By the used of feminist approached, the researchers analyzed the context of

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s SONA from 2016-2019 to know the portrayal of

women. After the portrayal of women, the researchers compared it to the gender

issues in the contemporary period with regards to the related literature and studies.
Then, the portrayal of women was used to determine the Filipino Values that were

revealed.

Subject of the Study

The subject of the study is the transcript of President Duterte’s SONA from

2016-2019. The researchers covered the 4 State of the Nation Address (SONA) of

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. The first SONA was delivered at the Session Hall of

the House of Representatives, Batasang Pamabansa Complex, Quezon City on July

25, 2016 it was retrieved from the website. The 2nd SONA was delivered at the

Session Hall of the House of Representatives, Batasang Pamabansa Complex, Quezon

City on July 24, 2017 it is retrieved from the website.The 3 rd SONA was delivered at

the Session Hall of the House of Representatives, Batasang Pambansa Complex,

Quezon City on July 23, 2018 retrieved from the website. While his 4th SONA was

delivered at the Session Hall of the House of Representatives, Batasang Pamabansa

Complex, Quezon City on July 22, 2019 from the website. (pakiindicate saang

website.)
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the results and discussions of the data gathered for the

purpose to analyze the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s SONA from 2016 - 2019. The

presentation and analysis of data were done in the following order: (1.) Identify

women’s portrayal in the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s speeches “SONA” (2.)

Determined the relationship of the portrayal of women in Duterte’s SONA to the

contemporary gender issues. (3.) Determined the Filipino values system that was

revealed in President SONA from 2016-2019 after the portrayal of Women.

The researchers identified the portrayal of women through the feminist

approach with accordance to the four pillars indicated in the theoretical framework.

The four pillars were social status, privilege, opportunities and power. Based on

Britannica Social Status is the relative rank that an individual holds, with attendant

rights, duties and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based upon honor or prestige. Based

on Merriam-Webster Dictionary Privilege is a right or benefit that is given to some

people and not to others. Opportunities is an amount of time or a situation in which

something can be done. According to Liu E. (n.d.) power is the ability to make other

do what would you like them to do. It is by looking in physical force, wealth, state
action, social norms, ideas and numbers. The researchers utilized websites to get the

contemporary gender issues both global and local. The researchers followed Mary

Wollstonecraft methods to determine the portrayal of Pres. Duterte for women and the

study of Suazo (2019) to understand the Filipino Values. The following tables below

were the discussion of the data.

Table 1.1 (2016 SONA)

PORTRAYAL OF
WOMEN IN TERMS PRESIDENT DUTERTE’S LINES
OF:

 The implementation of the Responsible Parenthood and

Reproductive Health Law must be put into full force
PRIVILEGES
and effect [applause] so that couples, especially the
poor, will have freedom of informed choice on the
number and spacing of children they can adequately
care and provide for, [applause] eventually making
them more productive members of the labor force.
(par.44, pg. 9).

 Consistent with our international obligations, in

keeping with national mandates, this administration
vows to protect women’s rights and human rights
abuses [applause] against our women, because this
unacceptable to... Kung mag-bugbog ka ng babae.
(par.140, pg.30).

 Thus, I order all agencies and oversight bodies and

local government units down to the barangay level to
fully implement the Magna Carta for Women.
[applause] By doing so, we'll ensure that man and
woman will be partners in the pursuit of country’s
economic, social, and cultural and political
developments. (par.141, pg.30).

OPPORTUNITIES  Ganito yan, pumunta siya sa Davao. Gabi na mga 1

o’clock because on the early days of my --- when I won,
pero hindi pa ako nag-oath, marami nang
nagpuntahan. Felicitations, congratulations. Eh si
ma’am pumunta twice. Every time, she shows me the
degradation of [inaudible] Tapos dalawang oras
 naman mukhang hindi na matapos. Sabi ko, 'Ma’am'
[laughter]. Ma'am, do not be offended ha, totoo man.
Huwag ka magalit kay --- it’s the truth. So maga-alas
tres na, tapos extemporaneous siya, para ring
congressman. Sabi ko, "Ma’am, maga-alas quarto na."
"Ma’am, ano kaya Kung ikaw na lang ang DENR?"
(par. 86, pg.18).

SOCIAL STATUS  I have to protect the country. Many are complaining

against the appointment of Gina Lopez. But si Gina pati
ako, we share the same paradigm: The interest of the
country must come first. But hindi ko naman sinasabi,
there’s a law allowing mining. Gina Lopez and I are
just telling you: Follow government standards. Do not
destroy the environment. Follow it to a tee. [applause]
Wala tayong problema. Just pay the correct taxes,
follow the standards. Gina is just doing her job. You
know, she’s a really a crusader that is how I describe
her persona: Crusader. (par.85, pg.18).
 Ganito yan, pumunta siya sa Davao. Gabi na mga 1
o’clock because on the early days of my --- when I won,
POWER
pero hindi pa ako nag-oath, marami nang
nagpuntahan. Felicitations, congratulations. Eh si
ma’am pumunta twice. Every time, she shows me the
degradation of [inaudible] Tapos dalawang oras
naman mukhang hindi na matapos. Sabi ko, 'Ma’am'
[laughter]. Ma'am, do not be offended ha, totoo man.
Huwag ka magalit kay --- it’s the truth. So maga-alas
tres na, tapos extemporaneous siya, para ring
congressman. Sabi ko, "Ma’am, maga-alas quarto na."
"Ma’am, ano kaya Kung ikaw na lang ang DENR?"
(par. 86, pg.18).

As can be interpreted from the table 1.1, it should be notable in the

presentation of data that the President gave privileges specifically for to the women.

One of the benefits that the women got from the President was the implementation of

the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law wherein women could

attain that benefits. Another, was the security for women as the President vows to
protect the rights of women and the human rights abuses as it is unacceptable that the

women could experience unrighteous treatment by the others. Also, by the

implementation of Magna Carta for Women both men and women benefit as the result

both sexes attained a better partnership in pursuing the country’s economic, social, and

cultural and political developments equally. In terms of opportunities an specific woman

“Gina Lopez” got opportunity from the President as she had been given an offer for a job that

truly showed trust that she could handle that kind of position. By with that offer she had also

was given power by the President to have a leadership in lead the people. Therefore, it was

notable that the presence of value and care for women was presented in the context SONA by

President Duterte in the year of 2016. The implication of these to the women, they had seen

that in terms of identifying their portrayal they have got all the privileges, opportunities,

social status and power. It also contradicts the contemporary gender issues with regards to the

distribution for the access to basic and higher education, greater health and safety risks,

and political representation of women is unequal.

Table 1.2 (2017 SONA)

POTRAYAL OF
WOMEN IN PRESIDENT DUTERTE’S LINES
TERMS OF:

PRIVILEGES No specific portrayal of women found.

OPPORTUNITIES No specific portrayal of women found.

 I challenge you, you want a debate in public? Okay, we’ll

 SOCIAL STATUS have it. I will challenge you how also you trivialize the
thing by – ’yung binibigyan niyo ng importansiya si De
Lima. You all know, you were all here. You conducted the
investigation. You heard the witnesses. You saw the videos.
Is she a credible woman? Can she be a moral person?
[applause] Puro kayo drama diyan sa… DOUBT (par.75,
pg12).

 By giving representation to indigenous peoples, women,

children, and sultanates, and key stakeholders in the
drafting of the Bangsa[moro] Basic Law, we ensure a
Bangsamoro government that truly reflects the aspirations
of our Muslim brothers and sisters as well as our
indigenous brethren. [applause] (par.107, pg.17).

POWER No specific portrayal of women found.

As can be interpreted in the table 1.2 his SONA 2017, it is notable that the

data above, Social Status was more high-lighted among the four pillars that portrayed

women in President Rodrigo Duterte's SONA 2017. The President told the

Bangsamoro government to fast - track the development of the region and improved

the quality life of Muslims and indigenous people, women, children, and sultanates,

and key stakeholders represents their value. But,

by giving representation for Senator Leila De Lima it showed a doubt on the

credibility of a woman; as the President questioned the personality of De Lima

through the evidences that he has. The Portrayal of women in terms of privileges,

opportunities and power, women lacked to got didn’t receive those from the President

in his SONA 2017. With this, it may implicate into agreeing that the women get less

access in jobs attainment, political participation and benefits that they should also get.

Peace Corps (n.d.). But, into the trends it creates contradiction as in SONA 2016 the
President fulfilled every pillar. It might be that he just didn’t give a specific attention

for the women but still he values them for in general.

Table 1.3 (2018 SONA)

POTRAYAL OF
WOMEN IN PRESIDENT DUTERTE’S LINES
TERMS OF:

PRIVILEGES  I am confident that the Filipino people will stand

behind us as we introduce this new fundamental law
that will not only strengthen our democratic
institutions, but will also create an environment where
every Filipino—regardless of social status, religion,
or ideology—will have an equal opportunity to grow
and create a future that he or she can proudly
bequeath to the succeeding generations. (par.89, pg.
17.)

 I am confident that the Filipino people will stand

OPPORTUNITIES
behind us as we introduce this new fundamental law
that will not only strengthen our democratic
institutions, but will also create an environment where
every Filipino—regardless of social status, religion,
or ideology—will have an equal opportunity to grow
and create a future that he or she can proudly
bequeath to the succeeding generations. (par.89, pg.
17.)

SOCIAL STATUS  I am confident that the Filipino people will stand

behind us as we introduce this new fundamental law
that will not only strengthen our democratic
institutions, but will also create an environment where
every Filipino—regardless of social status, religion,
or ideology—will have an equal opportunity to grow
and create a future that he or she can proudly
bequeath to the succeeding generations. (par.89, pg.
17.)

POWER
No specific portrayal of women found.
 As can be interpreted in the table 1.3 his SONA 2018, it is notable that The

President touched on almost all portrayals of women, with privileges, social status and

opportunities but power was an exemption. There was portrayal of the women that he

said in his SONA in which it was all about the privileges that can get by the be

attained by men and women. As the desire of the President is about the status of his

countrymen in which they helped them, it has an equal viewing between men and

women as there was belief that they will stand behind him. According to the Merriam-

Webster dictionary, privilege is a right or benefit that is given to some people and not

to others. What have been said was a good impact to the Filipino as it does not

mention whether men or women could benefit unequally. The researchers found out

that it has an equal viewed between men and women are viewed equally, it was

indicated in the SONA that “regardless of social status, religion, or ideology will

have an equal opportunity”.

In that particular speech it did not talked about one identity or gender but it

talked about for everyone in this country under of his governance. In terms of power,

women lack to didn’t get it from the President. Resulted, that by With the trends of

SONA 2016 to 2018, it lacks to give an attention specific for women the same with

2017 SONA. Although power is the only thing that the women lacks to didn’t get, it

has also has an implication for the perspective of women about their abilities.

Table 1.4 (2019 SONA)

POTRAYAL OF
WOMEN IN PRESIDENT DUTERTE’S LINES
TERMS OF:
  Thanks to Executive Secretary Medialdea, we have
increased the number of lines [for] Hotline 8888 to
PRIVILEGES
make it more responsive to the public. Our ultimate
goal is for our people to be freed from using these
hotlines because government service and response
have markedly improved. (par24, pg.6).

 Additional benefits for solo parents, [applause] the

assignment of health workers in all barangays, and the
expansion of the Malasakit Centers, are what we also
hope to achieve through the bills filed by the original
concept of Bong Go. [applause](par.54, pg.10).

 It is my hope that the Bangsamoro Transition will fast-

track the establishment of regional government that
will secure and comfortable life for Muslim brothers
and sisters, and all indigenous communities in the
Bangsamoro Regions. (par.42, pg.9).

OPPORTUNITIES No specific portrayal of women found.

 Boracay Island is just the beginning. And the girls

there, the foreigners are waiting for you gentlemen to
SOCIAL STATUS
visit the place. They are all on the beach sunbathing.
You are invited to --- I have not been there. (Par 34,
pg.8).

 Through the exceptional leadership of Secretary

Briones and the DepEd, I am proud to say that this
year more Filipino learners are receiving basic
education, with over 27 million enrollees from Kinder
to Senior High School. [applause](par.48, pg.9)
.
 You know what, there was this three-day no water. I
was in Davao. So everybody was complaining and I
was even afraid to come here because what if my
girlfriend will not be able to --- to take a bath.
[laughter] She will smell like hell. So I said, I'll wait
for the water to wash her. Alam mo Kung hindi ako
nagmura, kung hindi ko sinabi, “p**** i**, papatayin
ko kayo, p**** i** niyo.” And then when I arrived in
the morning, there was water. And my girlfriend was
fresh. [laughter] (Par. 120-121, pg.18).
  Sustaining our gains entails a national security posture
capable of defending the country from external and
internal security threats. Defense Secretary Lorenzana,
together with the gallant men and women of the armed
forces, is at the forefront of this fight.Very important.
Alam mo ‘pag mag giyera-giyera, 10 out of 10 hindi
marunong maghawak ng baril to defend even his father
and mother and brothers and sisters. Itong mga bata
ngayon, they are bereft of the patriotism and the love of
country. Balik sila dito.I think a military training would
be good for everybody. Kung hindi sige lang (par.
177,179-180, pg.26).

POWER No specific portrayal of women found.

As can be interpreted from the table 1.4, it should be notable in the

presentation of data that even though there were no benefits given to a specific

woman Secretary Medialdea, through her hardship it resulted a in benefits. Through

her work the President gave thanks to her as the people and government attained an

improvised hotline that truly helped them to easily communicate in order to have an

immediate response. He is also gave benefits for to the solo parents in all barangays

wherein women could possibly benefit as they were also part of living without a

partner. According to (RA 8972) or the Solo Parent Welfare Act provides for benefits

and privileges to solo parents and their children. It aimed to develop a comprehensive

package of social development and welfare services for solo parents and their children

to be carried out by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), as

the lead agency, various government agencies including NSO and other related

NGOs. Another privilege that he gave in his SONA benefits men and also woman in
the security of having a comfortable life specifically in the Bangsamoro Regions. But,

in terms of the opportunities there is also no specific portrayal of women that

appeared. It means that in SONA 2017 it did not give an opportunity for women

compared to the first SONA that Gina Lopez was mentioned got. While in terms of

social status, the President portrayed women women portrayed by the President as an

object of jokes except for the presence of Secretary Briones wherein it has in the level

of treatment that the President was being proud. Another one, was the level of concern

of the President for the people in their security. Similar with the past SONA 2017 to

and 2018 it does not also gave a power for a specific woman. It may tend to come to

the point that women became affected about their opportunities and power. In overall,

the trends in the SONA of the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte from 2016 to 2019 there

was no consistentency was inconsistent in terms of giving privileges, opportunities,

social status and power for a specific woman.

Table 1.4 Relationship of Portrayal of women from 2016-2019 SONA to the

Contemporary Gender Issues.

Portrayal of Women

Ganito yan, pumunta siya sa Davao. Gabi na mga 1 o’clock because on the

early days of my --- when I won, pero hindi pa ako nag-oath, marami nang

nagpuntahan. Felicitations, congratulations. Eh si ma’am pumunta twice. Every time,

she shows me the degradation of [inaudible] Tapos dalawang oras naman mukhang

hindi na matapos. Sabi ko, 'Ma’am' [laughter]. Ma'am, do not be offended ha, totoo
man. Huwag ka magalit kay --- it’s the truth. So maga-alas tres na, tapos

extemporaneous siya, para ring congressman. Sabi ko, "Ma’am, maga-alas quarto

na." "Ma’am, ano kaya Kung ikaw na lang ang DENR?" (par. 86, pg.18).

I am confident that the Filipino people will stand behind us as we introduce

this new fundamental law that will not only strengthen our democratic institutions,

but will also create an environment where every Filipino—regardless of social status,

religion, or ideology—will have an equal opportunity to grow and create a future that

he or she can proudly bequeath to the succeeding generations. (par.89, pg. 17.)

Additional benefits for solo parents, [applause] the assignment of health

workers in all barangays, and the expansion of the Malasakit Centers, are what we

also hope to achieve through the bills filed by the original concept of Bong Go.

[applause](par.54, pg.10).

Sustaining our gains entails a national security posture capable of defending

the country from external and internal security threats. Defense Secretary Lorenzana,

together with the gallant men and women of the armed forces, is at the forefront of

this fight.Very important. Alam mo ‘pag mag giyera-giyera, 10 out of 10 hindi

marunong maghawak ng baril to defend even his father and mother and brothers and

sisters. Itong mga bata ngayon, they are bereft of the patriotism and the love of

country. Balik sila dito.I think a military training would be good for everybody. Kung

hindi sige lang (par. 177,179-180, pg.26).

Through the exceptional leadership of Secretary Briones and the DepEd, I am

proud to say that this year more Filipino learners are receiving basic education, with

over 27 million enrollees from Kinder to Senior High School. [applause](par.48,

pg.9)
 Thanks to Executive Secretary Medialdea, we have increased the number of

lines [for] Hotline 8888 to make it more responsive to the public. Our ultimate goal is

for our people to be freed from using these hotlines because government service and

response have markedly improved. (par24, pg.6).

Contemporary Gender Issue

Globally, women have fewer opportunities for economic participation than

men, less access to basic and higher education, greater health and safety risks, and

less political representation. Guaranteeing the rights of women and giving them

opportunities to reach their full potential is critical not only for attaining gender

equality, but also for meeting a wide range of international development goals.

Empowered women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their

families, communities, and countries, creating a ripple effect that benefits everyone.

(Peace Corps (n.d.)

Relationship

The relationship between the portrayals of women to the contemporary gender

issue is that in the first portrayal of women it stated that there is an opportunities that

is being offered by the president to a specific woman in his SONA which contradicts

the contemporary gender issue that women were less access in terms of opportunities

in political representation. While in the second portrayal it is being said that the

President wanted an equal opportunities for both sexes that contradicts the

contemporary gender issue in terms of having a fewer opportunities for the women.

Third is, the President stated that the benefits in terms of health is given to the solo

parents wherein women could possibly be included contradicts the contemporary

gender issue that the women’s access is less in terms of greater health. Fourth is, the
President stated that the security threats within the country is being solve through

letting the youth to access safety risk that contradicts the contemporary gender issue

in terms of less access in safety risks. While the last portrayal of women, by means of

the access of the women in political representations in his governance the

contemporary gender issue contradicts that the women is luck on access in the

political representation. Therefore in SONA the portrayal of women takes place away

from the contemporary gender issue that the women is getting an access less compare

to men.

Portrayal of Women

Consistent with our international obligations, in keeping with national

mandates, this administration vows to protect women’s rights and human rights

abuses [applause] against our women, because this unacceptable to... Kung mag-

bugbog ka ng babae. (par.140, pg.30). You know what, there was this three-day no

water. I was in Davao. So everybody was complaining and I was even afraid to come

here because what if my girlfriend will not be able to --- to take a bath. [laughter]

She will smell like hell. So I said, I'll wait for the water to wash her. Alam mo Kung

hindi ako nagmura, kung hindi ko sinabi, “p**** i**, papatayin ko kayo, p**** i**

niyo.” And then when I arrived in the morning, there was water. And my girlfriend

was fresh. [laughter] (Par. 120-121, pg.18).

Boracay Island is just the beginning. And the girls there, the foreigners are

waiting for you gentlemen to visit the place. They are all on the beach sunbathing.

You are invited to --- I have not been there. (Par 34, pg.8).

Contemporary Gender Issue

 Also according to the study of Anonuevo (2004) he stated that the statistics on

women remain indicative of the deep-rooted and widespread problems they encounter

in their daily lives. The labor market has stereotyped women, disadvantaged them in

jobs and incomes, and even forced them into prostitutions and slave-like work. The

social image of a Filipina is still that of a weak person, poster girl of domestic help,

expert in double burden, and a sexual object. While the mainframe of gender politics

is changing, the struggle of women to escape from the traditional mold everyday life

continues.

Relationship

The relationship between the portrayals of women to the contemporary gender

issue is that in the first portrayal of women it stated that they were giving protection

for the women in order to avoid human rights abuses in favor to the contemporary

gender issues that is truly encountering those disadvantages that they were being

harass and they really reflects the social image of the Filipina in the contemporary

gender issue. But, it contradicts the contemporary gender issue when he jokes in his

SONA about the girls that shows as a sexual object on his joke. Therefore, it has still

a favored for women that they should be treated equal to men but it still came to the

point that there was the value of women.

Portrayal of Women

I challenge you, you want a debate in public? Okay, we’ll have it. I will

challenge you how also you trivialize the thing by – ’yung binibigyan niyo ng

importansiya si De Lima. You all know, you were all here. You conducted the
investigation. You heard the witnesses. You saw the videos. Is she a credible woman?

Can she be a moral person? [applause] Puro kayo drama diyan sa… DOUBT

(par.75, pg12).

Contemporary Gender issue

In addition, the long history of colonialism has embedded a patriarchal culture

among Filipinos. The conception of women as full-time homemakers, as subordinated

to men, violence against them is private, as reserve labor force, and as sexual objects

is now being eroded by modern women asserting themselves in many aspects of life.

But on the other hand, some are either marginalized, discriminated, or even exploited

by the harsh realities of global economy and consumerism. (Anonuevo, 2004)

Relationship

The relationship between the portrayals of women to the contemporary gender

issue is that in the first portrayal of women it stated that Ms. De Lima was not treated

well by the President as he told to publicize her case, specifically in SONA in favor to

of the contemporary gender issue. Therefore, it shows that on relating to the portrayal

of women to the contemporary issue it shows doubt about her credibility as a woman.

Table 1.6 Filipino Values Revealed in Portrayal of Women

Portrayal of Women (2016-2019) Filipino Values

Revealed

Family Orientation
The implementation of the Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law must
be put into full force and effect [applause] so
that couples, especially the poor, will have
freedom of informed choice on the number and
spacing of children they can adequately care
and provide for, [applause] eventually making
them more productive members of the labor
force. (par.44, pg. 9).

High Regard for Women

Consistent with our international obligations, in
keeping with national mandates, this
administration vows to protect women’s rights
and human rights abuses [applause] against our
women, because this unacceptable to... Kung
mag-bugbog ka ng babae. (par.140, pg.30).

Thus, I order all agencies and oversight bodies Hard work and Industry
and local government units down to the
barangay level to fully implement the Magna
Carta for Women. [applause] By doing so, we'll
ensure that man and woman will be partners in
the pursuit of country’s economic, social, and
cultural and political developments. (par.141,
pg.30).

Through the exceptional leadership of Secretary

Briones and the DepEd, I am proud to say that
this year more Filipino learners are receiving
basic education, with over 27 million enrollees
from Kinder to Senior High School. [applause]
(par.48, pg.9)

Ganito yan, pumunta siya sa Davao. Gabi na Joy and Humor

mga 1 o’clock because on the early days of my
--- when I won, pero hindi pa ako nag-oath,
marami nang nagpuntahan. Felicitations,
congratulations. Eh si ma’am pumunta twice.
Every time, she shows me the degradation of
[inaudible] Tapos dalawang oras naman
mukhang hindi na matapos. Sabi ko, 'Ma’am'
[laughter]. Ma'am, do not be offended ha, totoo
man. Huwag ka magalit kay --- it’s the truth. So
maga-alas tres na, tapos extemporaneous siya,
para ring congressman. Sabi ko, "Ma’am,
maga-alas quarto na." "Ma’am, ano kaya Kung
ikaw na lang ang DENR?" (par. 86, pg.18).

Boracay Island is just the beginning. And the

girls there, the foreigners are waiting for you
gentlemen to visit the place. They are all on the
beach sunbathing. You are invited to --- I have
not been there. (Par 34, pg.8).

You know what, there was this three-day no

water. I was in Davao. So everybody was
complaining and I was even afraid to come here
because what if my girlfriend will not be able to
--- to take a bath. [laughter] She will smell like
hell. So I said, I'll wait for the water to wash
her. Alam mo Kung hindi ako nagmura, kung
hindi ko sinabi, “p**** i**, papatayin ko kayo,
p**** i** niyo.” And then when I arrived in the
morning, there was water. And my girlfriend
was fresh. [laughter] (Par. 120-121, pg.18).

I have to protect the country. Many are Status Consciousness

complaining against the appointment of Gina
Lopez. But si Gina pati ako, we share the same
paradigm: The interest of the country must come
first. But hindi ko naman sinasabi, there’s a law
allowing mining. Gina Lopez and I are just
telling you: Follow government standards. Do
not destroy the environment. Follow it to a tee.
[applause] Wala tayong problema. Just pay the
correct taxes, follow the standards. Gina is just
doing her job. You know, she’s a really a
crusader that is how I describe her persona:
Crusader. (par.85, pg.18).

I challenge you, you want a debate in public? Shame

Okay, we’ll have it. I will challenge you how
also you trivialize the thing by – ’yung
binibigyan niyo ng importansiya si De Lima.
You all know, you were all here. You conducted
the investigation. You heard the witnesses. You
saw the videos. Is she a credible woman? Can
she be a moral person? [applause] Puro kayo
drama diyan sa… DOUBT (par.75, pg12).
By giving representation to indigenous peoples, Spirit of Kinship and
women, children, and sultanates, and key Camaderie
stakeholders in the drafting of the
Bangsa[moro] Basic Law, we ensure a
Bangsamoro government that truly reflects the
aspirations of our Muslim brothers and sisters
as well as our indigenous brethren. [applause]
(par.107, pg.17).

Additional benefits for solo parents, [applause]

the assignment of health workers in all
barangays, and the expansion of the Malasakit
Centers, are what we also hope to achieve
through the bills filed by the original concept of
Bong Go. [applause](par.54, pg.10).

I am confident that the Filipino people will stand

behind us as we introduce this new fundamental Pakikipagkapwa Tao
law that will not only strengthen our democratic
institutions, but will also create an environment
where every Filipino—regardless of social
status, religion, or ideology—will have an equal
opportunity to grow and create a future that he
or she can proudly bequeath to the succeeding
generations. (par.89, pg. 17.)

It is my hope that the Bangsamoro Transition

will fast-track the establishment of regional
government that will secure and comfortable life
for Muslim brothers and sisters, and all
indigenous communities in the Bangsamoro
Regions. (par.42, pg.9).

Thanks to Executive Secretary Medialdea, we Utang na Loob

have increased the number of lines [for] Hotline
8888 to make it more responsive to the public.
Our ultimate goal is for our people to be freed
from using these hotlines because government
service and response have markedly improved.
(par24, pg.6).

Sustaining our gains entails a national security Adaptability

posture capable of defending the country from
external and internal security threats. Defense
 Secretary Lorenzana, together with the gallant
men and women of the armed forces, is at the
forefront of this fight.Very important. Alam mo
‘pag mag giyera-giyera, 10 out of 10 hindi
marunong maghawak ng baril to defend even his
father and mother and brothers and sisters.
Itong mga bata ngayon, they are bereft of the
patriotism and the love of country. Balik sila
dito.I think a military training would be good for
everybody. Kung hindi sige lang (par. 177,179-
180, pg.26).

As can be interpreted from the table, there were 10 Filipino values revealed in

the Presidents Duterte’s SONA from 2016-2019.

First, is Family Orientation, the basic and the most important unit of a

Filipino’s life is the family. Family Orientation is being revealed in which it said that

“couples, especially the poor, will have freedom of informed choice on the number

and spacing of children they can adequately care and provide for” In that speech of

Duterte, he is giving an importance for the responsible parenthood and reproductive

health law so that he implemented this law in order to have a freedom of informed

choice on the number and spacing of the children. It would help the poor escape the

vicious cycle of poverty by giving them some options on how to manage their sexual

lives, plan their families and control their procreative activities. Poor women typically

utilized public health care facilities and the poor were miserable having many children

and providing reproductive knowledge and information through government

intervention is the humane thing to do. So that, when the poor families having a have

fewer children, it can make their lives good and not miserable. The phrase”

reproductive rights” includes the idea of being able to make reproductive decisions

free from discrimination, coercion or violence. Also, that, Family Orientation is one

of a the values of the Filipinos that gives importance to each and everyone.
 High regard for women, Women were highly regarded and respected and

relied upon when it comes to family, as well as politics and business affairs. Women

needed respect, love, and to be treated them in a good way. Presidents Duterte’s said

that , this administration vows to protect women’s rights and human rights abuses

[applause] against our women, because this unacceptable to... Kung mag-bugbog ka

ng babae. In this part, it has shown care about the women rights and human rights

against the for women, so and that he highly respected the women and for him it is not

acceptable “kung magbubugbog ka ng babae”. It also means that it doesn’t showing

respect but showing power as being a patriarchal or a male dominated domination in

the society.

Hard work and Industry, is was also revealed in his SONA, Filipinos have the

capacity for hard work, that given proper conditions. President Duterte is showed of

being a hard working person as a the President of the Philippines, to be able to fulfill

his promises to the Filipino People. Two years of the Duterte’s administration has

generally been fruitful. Much has been accomplished but much more needs to be

done. It is a continuous work in progress in achieving and actualizing the promise of

genuine and meaningful change for the Filipinos. Because of being hard work, he

ordered “to fully implement the Magna Carta for Women.” That desires to ensure that

man and woman would be partners in the pursuit of country’s economic, social, and

cultural and political developments. The President was very proud to the leadership of

Secretary Briones and the DepEd because of the hard working women many Filipinos

were received basic education.

Joy and Humor, laughing at ourselves and our trouble is an important coping

mechanism. Often playful, sometimes cynical, sometimes disrespectful, they laugh at

those they love and at those they hate and make jokes about their fortune, good and
bad. Filipinos were very funny person, sometimes they were the one that gave joy and

happiness to people. President Duterte’s has a sense of humor; it makes people laugh

because of the jokes, and even the joke was not appropriate, they also laughed and can

hurt others feelings because of his unpleasant words. ”Boracay Island is just the

beginning. And the girls there, the foreigners are waiting for you gentlemen to visit

the place” that is one the type of sense of humor of Duterte. ”So everybody was

complaining and I was even afraid to come here because what if my girlfriend will

not be able to --- to take a bath. [laughter]” it he made a joke that many people

laughed. One of the top topics was to make a joke about the girls there.

Status consciousness, is the values that being was also revealed in his SONA

that refers to the Filipino predisposition to value their honor and status more than

anything else. To many of them, karangalan is far more important than material

wealth. “I have to protect the country. Many are complaining against the appointment

of Gina Lopez. But si Gina pati ako, we share the same paradigm” Presidents

Dutertes is being aware about the status of the Filipino and he described Ms. Gina

Lopez as a crusader woman showing that he highly considered her without hesitation.

Shame was also revealed in his SONA, that shame refers to a painful emotion

of being disgraced or losing one’s face. The Filipino is shame-oriented; that is, the

major concern is social approval, acceptance by the group, and belonging to the

group.”I challenge you; you want a debate in public? Okay, we’ll have it. I will

challenge you how also you trivialize the thing by – ’yung binibigyan niyo ng

importansiya si De Lima. You all know, you were all here. You conducted the

investigation. You heard the witnesses. You saw the videos. Is she a credible woman?

Can she be a moral person? [applause] Puro kayo drama diyan sa… DOUBT “ In

that particular speech President Duterte, it has a tried to shame De Lima in front of
many people by saying a word that is not good or not appropriate and that can hurt the

feelings of De Lima. Credible woman is a word that Leila De Lima cannot be, a

trusted person.

Spirit of Kinship and Camaderie, a Filipino community spirit and cooperation

wherein a group of individuals extends a helping hand without expecting any

remuneration. It is characterized by communal work towards one goal exemplified in

carrying a nipa house or pushing a passenger jeepney. “By giving representation to

indigenous peoples, women, children, and sultanates, and key stakeholders in the

drafting of the Bangsa[moro] Basic Law, we ensure a Bangsamoro government that

truly reflects the aspirations of our Muslim brothers and sisters as well as our

indigenous brethren. [applause]” In this particular speech of Duterte, it showed the

importance of kinship by giving representation to indigenous peoples, women,

children, and sultanates. For him, it is important that every Filipino people would

have a good kinship and camaraderie to have unity, love and respect.

Pakikipagkapwa-tao, This values is being revealed in the SONA of Duterte in

which pakikipagkapwa-tao means the shared sense of identity and consciousness of

the ‘other’. It means treating others with respect and dignity as an equal, not someone

below the individual. Pakikipagkapwa-Tao is important to the President because he

said that “every Filipino—regardless of social status, religion, or ideology—will have

an equal opportunity to grow” it means that he has a good personality by means of

speech. In addition, “will secure and comfortable life for Muslim brothers and

sisters” he wanted to secure the situation of the life of Muslim brothers and sisters in

Mindanao and he doesn’t want to neglect them.

 Utang na Loob is being was also revealed in the speech of Duterte. That refers

to a ‘debt of gratitude’ which is difficult or almost impossible to quantify. The

Filipino feels obligated to return a favor or help given to him. The President was very

thankful to the secretary Medialdea because of increasing the number of lines that the

ultimate goal is for our people to be freed from using these hotlines because the

government service and response have markedly improved. So that, it showed the

Values of having debt of gratitude of the Presidents that the President wants to repay

his debt of gratitude.

Adaptability means being Able to change or be change in order to fit or work

better in some situation or some purpose. Duterte said that “Sustaining our gains

entails a national security posture capable of defending the country from external and

internal security threats. Defense Secretary Lorenzana, together with the gallant men

and women of the armed forces, is at the forefront of this fight.” it believed that men

and women can be adaptable of what is the task given to them. In order to defend and

to protect our country.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The Researchers conducted this study in with the purpose to use the Feminist

analysis of on President Rodrigo Roa Duterte and look for the portrayal of women

that is presented in four (4) selected State of the Nation Address (SONA) from year

2016-2019.

Specifically, feminism was used to answer the objectives of the study: (1.)

Identify women portrayal in the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s speeches “SONA”

(2.) Determine the relationship of the portrayal of women in Duterte’s SONA to the

contemporary gender issues. (3.) Determine the Filipino values system that revealed

in President SONA from 2016-2019 after the portrayal of Women. To cover the

study, the researchers determined the four pillars of portrayal of women with in

accordance to the approach of Mary Wollstonecraft in order to clearly find and

understand the portrayal for of women in Pres. Duterte’s SONA. For further

elaboration and clarification to get the gender issues of Pres. Duterte the researchers

gathered data through the internet, and elaborately related it with the portrayal of

women to identify their relationships. The same process was used in looking for the

gender issues, the researchers used an the internet as a source to get the Filipino

values system. The researchers collected the data identifying the that revealed Filipino

values system in the portrayals of women.

 The Researcher used the Critical discourse analysis method in the

methodology. After a thorough study and skimming on the context of SONA 2016-

2019. The researchers were able to answer the objectives raised on.

CONCLUSION

By analyzing the context of the President Duterte’s SONA 2016-2019 with the

usage of feminist approach by Mary Wollstonecraft (1792) and the studies of Suazo

(2008), the whole research analysis concluded the following; (1) there were different

portrayals of women in the SONA of President Duterte from 2016 to 2019. The four

pillars of the language of inequality were all utilized as it is showed the portrayal of

women. (2) there were contradictions on the portrayal of women between

contmeporary gender issue and SONA (3) there were Filipino Values revealed in the

SONA of President Duterte.

Recommendation

Based on the findings and the conclusions of the study, the researchers

provided the recommendations to the importance of the study.

1. For the students of literature, they should practice their skills in writing literary

pieces specifically on writing their draft for the preparation on their speech.

2. For the public speaker, they should practice their oral literature to become a more

effective speaker on to his/her audience. Specifically, they should practice equal

treatment for their audience to avoid discrimination.

3. For the future researchers, it is recommended to conduct a further study with in

regards on with analyzing a literary piece using the lens of feminist approach.

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APPENDICES
 Appendix A

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

NOMINATION FOR THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Name: Justin Brazos, Allysza Dublin, John Paul Giducos, Ruffa May
San Andres
Degree Sought: AB ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Title: Feminist Analysis of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s State
of
the Nation Address (SONA) from 2016-2019
Date of Final Defense: December 2019
Time: 2:00 pm
Venue: CAS Defense Room.
 Members of the Evaluation/Advisory Committee

Chairman: PEARLY BETH OGAYON _____________ _________

Signature Date

Members: 1. JESELLE T. HERNANDEZ

_____________
_________
Signature Date

2. PEARLY BETH OGAYON _____________ _________

Signature Date

3. ROBERTO L. OLBOC, PhD

_____________ _________
Signature Date

Noted: Approved:

MARIANNE MAE L. JALGADO, MA MELANIE D.BACUÑO,

DComm
Research Coordinator Dean

____________ ____________
Date Date

Appendix B

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

APPLICATION FOR FINAL ORAL DEFENSE

Date: ________

The Dean
This College
Ma’am:
May we respectfully request for the paper presentation of our thesis manuscript titled
“Feminist Analysis of President Rodrigo Roa Dutertes State of the Nation Address
(SONA) FrOM 2016-2019”on December 2019 2:00pm, at CAS Defense Room,
Camarines Norte State College-Main Campus.

Hoping for your kind consideration and approval on this matter.

Thank you very much.

Very truly yours,

Justin V. Brazos
Allysza B. Dublin
John Paul G. Giducos
Ruffa May Z. San Andres
Student Researchers

Favorably Endorsed:

PEARLY BETH OGAYON

Chairperson, Evaluation/Advisory Committee

For Dean’s office Use

___________ submitted the thesis manuscript
___________ seminar date applied for the prescribed time to allow the review of
manuscript by the Examining Committee/Panel Members

MELANIE D. BACUÑO, DComm

Dean, College of and Science
Appendix C

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

PERMISSION TO CONDUCT STUDY AND TO USE COLLEGE FACILITIES

FOR THE CONDUCT OF UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

MELANIE D. BACUNO, DComm

Dean
This College
Dear Ma’am;
We have the honor to request permission from your good office to conduct a
research study titled Feminist Analysis of President Rodrigo Roa Dutertes State of the
Nation Address (SONA) From 2016-2019.
Duration of the study: October to January 2020
Thank you very much
Very truly yours,
JUSTIN V. BRAZOS
ALLYSZA B. DUBLIN
JOHN PAUL G. GIDUCOS
RUFFA MAY Z. SAN ANDRES
Student Applicants
Recommending Approval:

HELEN D. CABANILLA
Adviser

Approved:

MELANIE D. BACUNO, DComm

Dean

Appendix D

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

CERTIFICATION FROM SECRETARY

 This is to certify that all suggestions given by the Panel of Examiners in
connection with the Oral Examination of Justin V. Brazos, Allysza B. Dublin, Garcia,
John Paul Giducos and Ruffa May Zausa San Andres in the defense of their thesis
titled “ FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO RO DUTERTE
STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS (SONA) FROM 2016-2019” were
complied.

HELEN D. CABANILLA, MAEd

Secretary, Oral Examination Committee

Appendix E

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

CERTIFICATION OF THE EDITOR

This is to certify that the undergraduate thesis of Justin Brazos, Allysza

Dublin, John Paul Giducos, Ruffa May San Andres titled “ FEMINIST ANALYSIS
OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE’S STATE OF THE NATION
ADDRESS (SONA) FROM 2016-2019” was edited by the undersigned.
 Rhodaviv V. Avila
Editor

Appendix F
CURRICULUM VITAE

ALLYSZA B. DUBLIN
P.2 Sitio Biday Brgy. Banocboc Cal. Island, Vinzons
Camarines Norte
09090601121
Present Address:
P.7 Brgy Mantagbac Daet Camarines Norte
Permanent Address:
P.2 Sitio Biday Brgy. Banocboc Cal. Island, Vinzons
Camarines Norte

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : October 5, 1996
Place of Birth : Vinzons, Camarines Norte
Age : 23
 Sex : Female
Height : 5’1
Weight : 45’ kls
Status : Single
Religion : Born Again Christian
Parents : Mr. Alexander T. Dublin & Mrs. Glessie B.
Dublin

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
TERTIARY : Camarines Norte State College,
Daet, Camarines Norte
SY 2019-2020
SECONDARY : Eugenia M. Quintela Memorial High School
Brgy. Banocboc Calaguas Island
SY 20102014
ELEMENTARY : Banocboc Elementary School
SY 2004-2010
COURSE : Bachelor of Arts in English Language

RUFFAMAYZ.SANANDRES
P- 5 brgy. San Pascual Basud, Camarines Norte
09274342654
sanandresruffamayz@gmail.com
Present Address :
P-5 brgy. IV Mantagbak, Daet Camarines Norte
Permanent Address:
P-5 brgy. San Pascual Basud, Camarines Norte

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of birth : May 14, 1998

Place of birth : P-5 brgy. San Pascual Basud, Camarines Norte
Age : 21
Sex : Female
Height : 5’4
Weight : 78 kg
 Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parents : Larry B. San Andres
and Wilma Z. San Andres

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Secondary : Tuaca
Highschool
Tuaca Basud, Camarines Norte
SY 2014 – 2015
Alternative Learning System (ALS) : San Pascual Daycare Center
San Pascual Basud, Camarines
SY 2013 - 2014
College : Camarines Norte State College
Daet, Camarines Norte
SY: 2019 – 2020
Course : Bachelor of Arts in English Language

Brazos, Justin V.
justinbrazos@gmail.com 09500852829
Present Address:
P-4 Mocong Basud Camarines Norte
Permanent Address:
P-4 Mocong Basud Camarines Norte

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of birth : April 22, 1997

Place of birth : Bambang Bulacan, Bulacan
Age : 23
Sex : Male
 Height : 5’6
Weight : 50 klg.
Status : Single
Religion : Roman
Catholic
Parents : Benjamin
Brazos and Leonora V Brazos

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

TERTIARY : Camarines Norte State College

Daet, Camarines Norte
SY: 2019-2020
SECONDARY : San Felipe National High School
San Felipe Basud, Camarines Norte
SY: 2012-2013
ELEMENTARY : Pagsangahan Elementary School
Pagsangahan Basud, Camarines Norte
SY: 2008-2009
COURSE : Bachelor of Arts in English Language

JOHN PAUL G. GIDUCOS

johnpaulgiducos09@gmail.com
09090666189
Present Address:
P-5 Brgy. Dogongan Daet Camarines Norte
Permanent Address:
P-5 Brgy. Dogongan Daet Camarines Norte

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of birth : July 9, 1998

Place of birth : P-5 Brgy. Dogongan Daet, Camarines Norte
 Age : 21
Sex : Male
Height : 5’7
Weight : 60
Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parents : Julieta Gaco Giducos and Jonathan Giducos

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
TERTIARY : Camarines Norte State College
Daet, Camarines Norte
SY: 2019-2020
SECONDARY : Alawihao National High School
Alawihao Daet, Camarines Norte
SY: 2014-2015
ELEMENTARY : Dogongan Elementary School
Dogongan Daet, Camarines Norte
SY: 2010-2011
COURSE : Bachelor of Arts in English Language

Appendix G

Republic of the Phillippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet, Camarines Norte

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the research study by the undersigned titled

“FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE’S

STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS (SONA) FROM 2016-2019” is original and

is not yet submitted to any publisher for consideration. This is to certify that the

works, pictures, figures and texts used from sources are properly acknowledge.

Given this ____ of ______2019 in Camarines Norte State College-Main

Campus, Daet, Camarines Norte.

JUSTIN V. BRAZOS

ALLYSZA B. DUBLIN

JOHN PAUL G. GIDUCOS

RUFFA MAY Z. SAN ANDRES

Student Researchers

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
College of Arts and Sciences
Daet Camarines Norte

CERTIFICATE AND APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled “FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT RODRIGO

ROA DUTERTE’S STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS (SONA) FROM 2016-
2019” prepared and submitted by Justin Brazos, Allysza Dublin, John Paul Giducos,
Ruffa May San Andres” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE has been examined and
recommended for Oral Examination.
 Rhodaviv V. Avila
Adviser

_____________________________________________________________________
APPROVAL SHEET
Approved by the Panel/ Advisory Committee on Oral Examination on___________
with a grade of _________.

PEARLY BETH OGAYON

Chairman

JESELLE T. HERNANDEZ ROBERTO L. OLBOC,PhD

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

Bachelor of Arts in English Language.

MELANIE D. BACUÑO, DCOMM

Dean,College of Arts and Science