SP 2302 Planning Theory II
Level II – Semester 4
LECTURE 2
PLANNING PROCESS IN SRI LANKAN CONTEXT
Planning Process in Sri Lankan Context
Planning Process in Sri Lanka
Data Collection
Activity 1:
Find out the Planning
Survey Primary Data Secondary Data
Collection Collection Process that is adopted in
your sample plan.
3 PHASES OF PLANNING PROCESS
Boundary Delineation
Analysis
Analysis &
Synthesis
Potentials of the Constraints of the
area area
Vision Formulation
Strategy Formulation Formulation of Goals
and Objectives
Strategy formulation
Draft Plan Preparation
Gazetting
Data Collection
Data
Information
Spatial Information
Data must be converted into information.
Information must be converted into SPATIAL INFORMATION
Spatial information locates the information spatially.
Activity 2:
Find out how the collected data is converted into
SPATIAL INFORMATION in your sample plan.
Thematic project
Academic year: 2012/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection
Academic year: 2011/2015
Department of Town & Country Planning
Department of Town & countryUniversity
planning of Moratuwa University of Moratuwa
Data Collection
Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection
Pedestrian Flow.
Source: Academic year: 2011/2015
Department of Town & Country Planning
University of Moratuwa
Department of Town & Country Planning University of Moratuwa
Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection
Department of Town & country planning University of Moratuwa
Data Collection
Thematic Project
Academic year: 2011/2015 Thalawakele & Lindula UC area
Data collection
Department of Town & Country Planning University of Moratuwa
Data Collection
All the information gathered during the
plan-making will be helpful to understand
the past and present condition of the town.
Therefore, gathering accurate information
is very important.
Boundary Delineation
Why a boundary is important for planning?
The plan will have direct impact within the
region it is prepared.
CONVENTIONAL BOUNDARY DELINEATION:
FORMAL BOUNDARY
Administrative boundary
(MC boundary, DS Boundary, Provincial
Boundary, etc)
Boundary Delineation
Formal Boundary
Boundary Delineation
Why a boundary is important for planning?
The plan will have direct impact within the
region it is prepared.
CONVENTIONAL BOUNDARY DELINEATION:
FORMAL BOUNDARY
Administrative boundary
(MC boundary, DS Boundary, Provincial
Boundary, etc)
NEW METHOD OF BOUNDARY DELINEATION:
FUNCTIONAL BOUNDARY
Boundary is identified based on the
function and operation of the area.
SYSTEMS APPROACH
Boundary Delineation
New Method
Functional Boundary Delineation
Functional Boundary Delineation
SYSTEMS APPROACH
Studying the project region based on it’s
SYSTEMS, PATTERNS AND NETWORKS
Functional Boundary Delineation
SYSTEMS, PATTERNS AND NETWORKS
City is a large system consisting of many sub
systems that are connected to each other.
Example:
Hydro System
Vegetation Pattern
Road Network
Built Fabric
Functional Boundary Delineation
1. Hydro Systems
2. Vegetation Pattern Multi-Variant
3. Road Network Technique
OR Compatibility with
4. Built fabric
Natural Barriers and
5. Traffic flow Weighted Overlay Administrative
6. Activity pattern Technique
boundary
7. Material flow
Functional Boundary
Functional Boundary Delineation
Functional Boundary
Formal Boundary - Western Province
Activity 3:
Find out the boundary
delineation process in your
sample plan.
Analysis of the Data
Analyzing and Conceptualizing
the Area
In-depth Comprehension of the
Area
How the place is organized?
How the place is structured?
The Spatial Configuration.
How the place has transformed?
What are the resources, assets and advantages of the Place?
What are the issues, problems and limitations of the Place?
Analyzing and Conceptualizing the Situation of an Area
How do we Analyze and Conceptualize an Area?
(In-depth Comprehension of the Area)
1. Evolution of Space
2. Spatial Configuration (Systems, Pattern, Network)
3. Spatial hierarchy
4. Activity network and Activity hierarchy
5. Regional Linkages
6. Land Value, Land Ownership
7. ….
8. … ,etc., etc.
Tools and Techniques involved in Analysis
1. Space Syntax
2. Systems Analysis
3. Activity Mapping
4. Connectivity Analysis
5. Solid & Void ratio
6. SWOT Analysis
7. Root Cause Analysis
8. Cost – Benefit Analysis , etc, etc.
Major Analysis Methods
1. SWOT Analysis
2. Root Cause Analysis
(Or Fishbone Analysis)
(Or Cause Effect Analysis)
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Internal Ex: Having inland water bodies
Weaknesses
Ex: Some water bodies are polluted
Opportunities
External Ex: upcoming water management projects of UDA
Threats
Ex: Settlements are exposed to seasonal floods due
to the inland water bodies
SWOT Analysis
When finding planning
SWOT Analysis
solutions….
Strengths
Internal Use strengths
Weaknesses to take advantage
of
opportunities
Opportunities
External
Threats
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Internal Overcome weaknesses by
Weaknesses taking advantage
of
opportunities
Opportunities
External
Threats
SWOT Analysis ?
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Internal
Use strengths
Weaknesses to reduce the impact
of
Opportunities threats
External
Threats
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Internal
Weaknesses Defensive tactics
aimed at reducing
Opportunities weaknesses &
External avoiding
Threats threats
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Internal
Weaknesses Defensive tactics
aimed at reducing
Opportunities weaknesses &
External avoiding
Threats threats
SWOT Analysis
SWOT Matrix
Strengths – S Weaknesses – W
List strengths List Weaknesses
Opportunities – O SO Strategies WO Strategies
List Opportunities
Threats – T ST Strategies WT Strategies
List Threats
Root Cause Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
Cause Effect Analysis
It is applied to explain the inter-connectedness and
inter-relationships of problems & potentials…
EXAMPLE OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS
How Major Challenges are Inter-related?
Lack of job
opportunities
Less access to safe
Low income
drinking water
Inadequate fishery
infrastructure
Scattered activities
Inactive labor force within the town
center
Less attraction for Disorganized town
Damaged properties investors center
Less investment
Disaster threat Untapped potentials
Activity 3:
opportunities
Find out the Analysis Process
Located in disaster in your sample plan.
prone area Town center does Least populated
not welcome people town
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Vision
“The most successful strategies are visions,
not plans”
Vision | Goals | Objectives
The Vision of the Department of Town & Country
Planning
To be the Emerging Prestigious Center for
Knowledge Enterprise in Spatial Planning and Spatial
Management Technology
Vision | Goals | Objectives
The Vision of the Development Plan
SPATIAL VISION
Future Spatial Pattern
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Vision | Goals | Objectives
Example of SPATIAL VISION
Spatial Vision and Spatial Strategy
Spatial vision will be converted into spatial strategy.
Spatial Strategy
Spatial strategy is the most important strategy in a plan.
Spatial strategy proposes the future spatial structure of the city.
All the other strategies (such as environmental strategy, economic
strategy, population strategy, infrastructure strategy, etc) are made
to achieve the spatial strategy.
Goals | Objectives
Goals | Objectives
Setting Goals
GOALS are
• broad
• general intentions
• intangible
• abstract
• can not be validated
Goals | Objectives
Example of Goals
Goal 1
Create Compact Townships with vibrant
diverse economy.
Goal 2
Enhance efficient movement &
activities.
Goal 3
Promote healthy Comfort & Sustainable
environment for living.
Goals | Objectives
Objectives
Setting Objectives
Objectives need to be SMART
• Specific
• Measurable
• Action-oriented / Attainable
• Realistic / Relevant
• Timely
Goals | Objectives
Example of Objectives
By year 2017, reduce the unemployment
rate of the town from 5% to 2%.
By year 2020, ensure 100% environmental
protection within the town.
STRATEGIES
STRATEGIC ACTION PROJECTS
STRATEGIC ACTIONS
Present FUTURE CITY
PLANNING INTERVENTION
City (in 20 years)
Analyze & Identify issues in Proposed Spatial Form
the Present Spatial Form
Proposed Spatial Structure
SPATIAL STRATEGY
All other Strategies are Population Strategy Transportation Strategy
made to achieve the Spatial Housing Strategy
Strategy Economic Development Strategy
Environmental Strategy
