What Are Verbs?

A verb is a "doing" word. A verb can express:

 A physical action (e.g., to swim, to write, to climb).

 A mental action (e.g., to think, to guess, to consider).

 A state of being (e.g., to be, to exist, to appear).

Verbs Can Express Physical Actions

Here are some sentences with verbs that express physical actions. (In each example, the verb is
highlighted.)

 She sells pegs and lucky heather.

(In this example, the word sells is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to sell.)

 The doctor wrote the prescription.

(In this example, the word wrote is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to write.)

 Alison bought a ticket.

(The word bought is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to buy.)

Verbs Can Express Mental Actions

While many verbs express physical actions (e.g., to jump, to dance, to sing), verbs can also express
mental actions. For example:

 She considers the job done.

(The word considers is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to consider.)

 Peter guessed the right number.

(The word guessed is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to guess.)

 I thought the same thing.

(The word thought is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to think.)

Action verbs, also called dynamic verbs, express an action whether it be physical or mental. An
action verb explains what the subject of the sentence is doing or has done. Looking at action verb
examples helps make it clear the function of action verbs in sentences and what purpose they serve.
Below is a list of commonly used action verbs:

Act Give Read

Agree Go Ride
Arrive Grab Run
Ask Help Send
Bake Hit Shout
Bring Hop Sing
Build Insult Sit
Buy Joke Smile
Call Jump Spend
Climb Kick Stand
Close Laugh Talk
Come Leave Think
Cry Lift Throw
Dance Listen Touch
Dream Make Turn
Drink March Visit
Eat Move Vote
Enter Nod Wait
Exit Open Walk
Fall Play Write
Fix Push Yell

Examples of Action Verbs in Sentences

 Anthony is throwing the football.

 She accepted the job offer.

 He thought about his stupid mistake in the test.

 John visited his friend for a while and then went home.

 The dog ran across the yard.

 She left in a hurry.

 She yelled when she hit her toe.

 The cat sat by the window.

 I'll play this song on my guitar.

 He hit a home run at the last game.

 In the summer, we will swim in our pool.

 Will you help me with the laundry?

  He rode his new bike around the block for hours.

 The horse trotted along the trail.

 We ate dinner then walked around the park.

 Did you fix the mistake in your homework?

 She waited for her friend at the mall.

 She lay on the couch and slept there all night.

 Close the door!

 The bird sings a cheery song every morning.

 The teacher reads a book to her students then asks them questions about the story.

 The roof on the house leaks.

 The lightning struck the tree.

 They bought a new house.

Types of Verbs

There are many types of verbs. In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and
state of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs. In fact, there are more than ten different
types of verbs that are grouped together by function.

List of all Verb Types

Action Verbs

Action verbs express specific actions and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone
doing something.  It’s important to remember that the action does not have to be physical.

Action verb examples:

1. Run

2. Dance

3. Slide

4. Jump

5. Think

6. Do

7. Go

8. Stand

9. Smile
 10. Listen.

The action verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I run faster than David.

He does it well.

She thinks about poetry all day long

Transitive Verbs
Transitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities that relate or affect someone or
something else. These other things are generally direct objects, nouns or pronouns that are affected by
the verb, though some verbs can also take an indirect object, such as show, take, and make. In a
sentence with a transitive verb, someone or something receives the action of the verb.

Transitive verb examples:

1. Love

2. Respect

3. Tolerate

4. Believe

5. Maintain.

The transitive verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

Gary ate the cookies.

The transitive verb is ate,  Gary is the subject, because it is Gary who is doing the eating,
and thecookies are the direct object, because it is the cookies that are being eaten. Other examples:

He kicked John.

John punches him.

They sold the tickets.

Examples of verbs used with both direct and indirect objects:

They sell him the tickets.

In this sentence, the tickets are the direct object while him is the indirect object.

Mary baked her mother a pie.

In this sentence, a pie is the direct object while her mother is the indirect object.

Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. They are different from
transitive verbs because there is no direct object following an intransitive verb.
Intransitive verb examples:

1. Walk

2. Laugh

3. Cough

4. Play

5. Run

The intransitive verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

We travelled to London.

The intransitive verb is travelled, the subject is we, because we are doing the travelling, but London is
not a direct object because London is not receiving the action of the verb. Other examples:

I sneeze in the morning.

He arrived with moments to spare.

Kathryn sat away from the others.

John eats before leaving for school.

The last example shows that the verb eats can be both transitive and intransitive depending on whether
there is a direct object or not. If the sentence read: John  eats  the cookies before leaving for
school, eatswould be transitive as there is a direct object – the cookies.

By the way, some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive. These verbs include: start, leave, change,
live, stop.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs and are used together with a main verb to show the
verb’s tense or to form a question or negative. Common examples of auxiliary verbs include have,
might, will. These auxiliary verbs give some context to the main verb, for example, letting the reader
know when the action took place.

Auxiliary verb examples:

1. Would

2. Should

3. Do

4. Can

5. Did

6. Could
 7. May

The auxiliary verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I will go home after football practice.

The auxiliary verb will is telling us that the action of the main verb go is going to take place in the future
– after football practice has ended. If the auxiliary verb will was removed, we get the sentence:

I go home after football practice.

In this case, there is no definite time frame for the action. The sentence suggests that going home after
football practice is just something the subject I generally does. Other examples:

I may dance with you later.

We did consider Bryan’s feelings.

Jenny has spoken her final words.

In addition, we can sometimes use the auxiliary very before the pronoun to make a question:

Might you dance with me later?

Did we consider Bryan’s feelings?

Has Jenny spoken her final words?

Also, auxiliary verbs are used to help form negative statements, with the use of words
like not and never. These will usually split the auxiliary and main verbs:

I may never dance with you again.

We did not consider Bryan’s feelings.

Jenny has not spoken her final words.

Stative Verbs

Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They typically
relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurements. The best way
to think about stative verbs is that they are verbs that describe things that are not actions. The stative
verbs are all expressing a state: A state of doubting, a state of believing, a state of wanting. These states
of being are often temporary.

The stative verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

The doctor disagrees with your analysis.

Disagree is a stative verb here, as it describes the doctor’s state of being – disagreement.

John doubts the doctor’s opinion.

I believe the doctor is right.

She wanted another opinion.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and
obligations.

Modal verb examples:

1. Can

2. Must

3. May

4. Should

5. Would

The modal verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

He can shoot a three-point shot easily.

The auxiliary verb can is expressing an ability, suggesting that shooting a three-point shot is a skill the
subject possesses.

Please note that in the case of should and must in the examples below, the modal verbs are expressing
obligations, whereas would and may are expressing possibilities.

I should go home.

You must not delay.

Sally would not recommend the sushi.

David may be late.

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs aren’t single words; instead, they are combinations of words that are used together to
take on a different meaning to that of the original verb. There are many examples of phrasal verbs,
some of which have colloquial meanings, such as make up, hand in, bring up, point out, look forward to.
Each time the verb takes the extra word(s) it takes on a new meaning. For example, make without
the up expresses that something is being created, whereas with make up, the suggestion is that there
are some lies or a fantastical element to the story and make out can mean either to grasp or see
something difficult, or to kiss passionately.

Phrasal verb examples:

1. Run out

2. Go all out

3. Make out
 4. Hand out

5. Bring out

6. Face up

7. Think through

The phrasal verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

Mary looked forward to her high school reunion.

The verb looked has taken on forward to to become a phrasal verb meaning to be excited about or
eagerly await something.

He brought up the same points again and again.

Leroy handed in the wallet to the police.

I make up stories all the time.

She pointed out Donald’s mistake.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past
participle verbs. Unfortunately, there are hundreds of irregular verbs in the English language. But don’t
worry, while many are used often, the majority are not in common usage – or if they are, you will use
them so often you will learn them quickly. Some of the most common irregular verbs include: say, make,
go, take, come, know and see.

Irregular verb examples:

1. Eat

2. Think 

3. Bring

4. Hold

5. Bear

6. Buy

7. Lay

8. Catch

9. Drive

10. Paid

11. Feel
 12. Redo

The irregular verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I take my time when I go  to the shops (present tense)

I took my time when I went to the shops (past tense)

Julie makes cake for the classroom (present tense)

Julie made a cake for the classroom (past tense)

She sees a silhouette shaped like a man in the window (present tense)

She saw a silhouette shaped like a man in the window (past tense)

We come to Aunt Jane’s for Thanksgiving each year (present tense)

We came to Aunt Jane’s for Thanksgiving each year (past tense).

You should also remember that auxiliary verbs ‘do’ and ‘have’ are also irregular verbs:

I do agree.

He does it often.

We have done our homework early.

They do their homework on Fridays.

I have a suspicion about Fran

Fran has a devious look.

We have no money left.

They have had a cough twice this winter.