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Production Process of Leather

The leather production process involves four main steps: 1) Preparatory stages where the hide is prepared through processes like soaking, hair removal, and pickling. 2) Tanning which stabilizes the proteins in the hide using tanning materials. 3) Crusting which thins and lubricates the leather and may include dyeing and coloring. 4) Finishing which applies surface treatments like oiling, brushing or coating to some leathers.

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692 views1 page

Production Process of Leather

The leather production process involves four main steps: 1) Preparatory stages where the hide is prepared through processes like soaking, hair removal, and pickling. 2) Tanning which stabilizes the proteins in the hide using tanning materials. 3) Crusting which thins and lubricates the leather and may include dyeing and coloring. 4) Finishing which applies surface treatments like oiling, brushing or coating to some leathers.

Uploaded by

arun joshy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Production Process of leather

The leather manufacturing process is divided into three fundamental subprocesses:


preparatory stages, tanning, and crusting. A further subprocess, finishing, can be added into
the leather process sequence, but not all leathers receive finishing.

The preparatory stages are when the hide is prepared for tanning. Preparatory stages may
include soaking, hair removal, liming, deliming, bating, bleaching, and pickling.

Tanning is a process that stabilizes the proteins, particularly collagen, of the raw hide to
increase the thermal, chemical and microbiological stability of the hides and skins, making it
suitable for a wide variety of end applications. The principal difference between raw and
tanned hides is that raw hides dry out to form a hard, inflexible material that, when rewetted,
will putrefy, while tanned material dries to a flexible form that does not become putrid when
rewetted.

Many tanning methods and materials exist. The typical process sees tanners load the hides
into a drum and immerse them in a tank that contains the tanning "liquor." The hides soak
while the drum slowly rotates about its axis, and the tanning liquor slowly penetrates through
the full thickness of the hide. Once the process achieves even penetration, workers slowly
raise the liquor's pH in a process called basification, which fixes the tanning material to the
leather. The more tanning material fixed, the higher the leather's hydrothermal stability and
shrinkage temperature resistance.

Crusting is a process that thins and lubricates leather. It often includes a coloring operation.
Chemicals added during crusting must be fixed in place. Crusting culminates with a drying
and softening operation, and may include splitting, shaving, dyeing, whitening or other
methods.

For some leathers, tanners apply a surface coating, called "finishing". Finishing operations
can include oiling, brushing, buffing, coating, polishing, embossing, glazing, or tumbling,
among others.

Leather can be oiled to improve its water resistance. This currying process after tanning
supplements the natural oils remaining in the leather itself, which can be washed out through
repeated exposure to water. Frequent oiling of leather, with mink oil, neatsfoot oil, or a
similar material keeps it supple and improves its lifespan dramatically.

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