Media and Information Literacy - Senior High School

Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 4:

Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of th e Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO V
Development Team of the Module:
Development team of the module
Author: James P. Torres
Authors: Reviewers: James P. Torres Therese Mae C. Maandig
Arian M. Edullantes Editors:

Abihail L. Gimena
Reviewers: Therese Mae C. Maandig Arian M.
Edullantes Abihail L. Gimena
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Management Team:
Illustrator and Layout Artist:
Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III

Regional Director
Management Team:
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Himaya B. Sinatao Asst. Regional Director
Joel D. Potane Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Elson C. Jamero
EPS-Designate-TLE
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Senior High School

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1 - Module 4:
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@ deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Table of Contents

What I Need to Know.............................................................................................................I

Icons of this Module.............................................................................................................. II

What I Know........................................................................................................................ III

Lesson 1:
Copy Right, Fair Use and Plagiarism ........................................1
What’s In ......................................................................................................1

What’s New ..................................................................................................1

What Is It ......................................................................................................2
What’s More .................................................................................................3
What Is It ......................................................................................................4
What’s More .................................................................................................5
What I Have Learned ...................................................................................6
What I Can Do ..............................................................................................6

Lesson 2:
Netiquette ....................................................................................8
What’s In ......................................................................................................8

What’s New ..................................................................................................8

What Is It ......................................................................................................9
What I Have Learned .................................................................................11
What I Can Do ............................................................................................11

Lesson 3:
Digital Divide, Addiction, and Bullying ...................................12
What’s In ....................................................................................................12

What’s New ................................................................................................12

 What’s More ...............................................................................................14
What Is It ....................................................................................................17
What I Have Learned .................................................................................17

Assessment: (Post-Test)....................................................................................................18
Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................20
References ........................................................................................................................22
 What I Need to Know
The module, Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues, contains training materials and activities
related to identifying learner’s requirements, preparing basic instructional materials and
organizing learning and teaching activities for you to complete.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome. Follow and perform the activities on your own.

MODULE CONTENT
This module has three (3) lessons
Lesson 1 - Copy Right/Fair Use/ Plagiarism
Lesson 2 – Netiquette
Lesson 3 - Digital Divide, Addiction, and Bullying

This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to “Legal, Ethical, and
Societal Issues in Media and Information”. Define and explain copyright and other related
issues, discuss the difference between copyright infringement between plagiarism. Discuss
current issues related to copyright in relation to actions of government and private sectors,
including but not limited to Cybercrime Law RA10175, identify the different types of bullying.
Explain actions to promote ethical use of media and information, applying the 10 Basic
Rules of Netiquette or Internet Etiquette Know Your Manners When Using Technology.

LIST OF LEARNING COMPETENCIES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. put into practice their understanding of the intellectual property, copy right, and fair
use guidelines (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-17),
2. demonstrates proper conduct and behavior online (netiquette, virtual self)
(MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-18),
3. put into action their personal resolve to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying
(MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-19),
4. explain copyright, fair use, etc.vis-a-vis human rights (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-20)
5. discuss current issues related to copyright vis-à-vis gov’t./provide sectors actions
(MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-21), and
6. explain actions to promote ethical use of media and information (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg-
22).

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
1. Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

I
 2. Follow the direction and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
3. Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
knowledge

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that

of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

What I Know
I. Multiple Choice. Write your correct answer in the space provided. Choose the
correct letter only.

II
 1. An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another
authorwithout authorization.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction

2. The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This
excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with
social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism C. Cyber Bullying
D. Computer addiction

3. In what competition did Solis send in his plagiarized work?

A. Photo of a boy B. During Chiles National Day
C. Smiles for the World D. Neptune, King of the Sea.

4. A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative
work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism C. Cyber Bullying
D. Computer addiction

5. What did Carabuena do that made netizens angry?

A. Carabuena drove past a red-light B. He was stopped by MMDA
C. Video uploaded D. None of the above

6. What sanctions did Solis receive from the organizing committee?

A. Manage a football program B. Forfeit his award C. Personal
Apology D. Awarded$1000 roundtrip ticket

7. What project did Solis help?

A. Mayorga B. The football Club
C. Calidad Humana D. None of the above

8. Using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over
communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction

9. Describe the acts of cyber bullying that the netizens did to Carabuena.
A. Phil.netizens have done their jobs B.Painful Facebook & Twitter comments
C. Based on Video&Pictures D. Carabuena done to the enforcer.

10. An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge
of ICT.
A. Digital divide B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
II. Write true if the statement is true, false if the statement is false.

___________1. Don’t abuse your network – Use your network the right way. Don’t
post how your day is going to your network all day long.

III
 ___________2. Don’t be a Keyboard Gangsta: Probably the worst thing about the
Internet is the keyboard gangstas. You’ve surely run across at least one of these in
your lifetime
___________3. Fill out the Subject line properly. People want to know immediately
what your E-mail is about. Help them out by filling out the subject line with the proper
text.
___________4. Don’t make claims that cannot be guaranteed. Social media is a
place to be honest and truthful.. “The fact is, rumors and sensational posts may send
readers flocking to you at first, but dishonesty and irresponsible behavior will
ultimately come back to haunt you.”
___________5. Personalized comments show authors that you’re genuinely
interested in what they have to say, and that you actually took the time to read what
they wrote.

III. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer of your choice.

1. Refers to the limitation and to the exclusive right granted by copy right law to the
author of a creative work.
A. Fair use B. Copyright
C. Addiction D. Digital divide

2. What is the ineptitude to control you hanker is using digital-age technology like
computers and smartphones?
A. Virtual self B. Cyber Bullying
C. Digital divide D. Fair Use

3. What is the threaten, harass, sending mean message, making fun of a person or to
intimidate a person through the use of computers?
A. Addictions B. Cyber Bullying
C. Virtual self D. Digital divide

4. It is the gap between groups, broadly construed, in terms of access to, use or
knowledge, skills and even attitude in information and communication technologies.
A. Addictions B. Cyber Bullying
C. Virtual self D. Digital divide
5. It is digital identify or assumed identify in the virtual world.
A. Addictions B. Cyber Bullying
C. Virtual self D. Digital divide

IV
 Lesso
Copy Right, Fair Use and
n 1 Plagiarism

What’s In
Our previous lesson class was about Media and Information
Languages. Under this lesson we discussed the Media
Languages, Codes, Conventions, and Messages,
Audiences, Producers and Other Stakeholders. In codes or
conventions, we follow standards like traffic signs if green
means go then if it is red meaning stop. So for the next
lesson we will take up copyright/fair use/plagiarism for
another standard to be followed.
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplarsh

What’s New
Definition of terms:
• Copyright - a legal device that provides the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or
different inventive work the only real right to publish and sell that job. Copyright
owners have the proper to manage the copy of their work, together with the proper to
receive payment for thatreproduction. Violation of a copyright is named infringement.
• Plagiarism - an act or instance of victimization or closely imitating the language and
thoughts of another author while not authorization; the illustration of that author’swork
as one’s own, as by not crediting the first author.
• Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place on-line, or victimization electronic
technology like cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools
together with social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites. Samples of
cyber bullying: text messages oremails composed to insult or demean; rumors or
false statements unfold by email or denote on social networking sites; and undignified
photos, videos, websites, or faux profiles deliberately shared across social media.
• Laptop Addiction - the excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes
with standard of living, particularly in using technological device. This excessive use
could as an example interfere with work or sleep, lead to issues with social
interaction, or have an effect on mood, relationships, and thought processes.
• Digital divide - an economic difference between teams in terms of access to, use of,
or data of ICT. The divide inside countries (such because the digital divide within the
United States) will check with inequalities between people, households, businesses,
and geographic areas at completely different socioeconomic (and different
demographic) levels. The worldwide digital divide designates countries because the
units of study and examines the divide between developing and developed countries
on a global scale.
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 What Is It
COPYRIGHT RELATED ISSUES
Copyright could be a variety of A copyright protects
protection provided by the laws of the solely original works of
us (title seventeen, U.S. Code) to the “authorship” enclosed within the
authors of “original works of following seven categories:
authorship,” together with literary,
dramatic, musical, artistic, and bound • Literary works (including pc
different intellectual works. This programs),
protection is obtainable to each • Musical works, together with
revealed and unpublished works. any incidental words,
• Set of rights granted the author • Dramatic works, together with
• Creator of a piece, to limit others any incidental music,
ability to repeat • Pantomimes and dance works,
• Redistribute and reshape the • Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural
content. works,
• Motion photos and different
audiovisual works,
• Sound recordings.
FAIR USE
Refers to the limitation and to the prerogative granted by copyright law to the author of
an ingenious work. samples of use embrace statement, search engines, criticism, news
coverage, research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship.

PLAGIARISM
Copying or closely imitating the work of another author, composer, etc., while not
permission and with the intention of passing the results off as original work.

What’s More
Read the following articles on a case of plagiarism: “UP student plagiarizes prizewinning
photos”

2
 UP student plagiarizes prize-winning photos
Carol Ramoran | September 22, 2013
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/39566-up-student-admits-plagiarized-photos

MANILA, Philippines (UPDATE) – A graduate student of the country’s premier state

university admitted to passing off as his own a photograph that recently won a
contest sponsored by the Chilean ambassador.
University of the Philippines graduate student Mark Joseph Solis made the
confession when Rappler contacted him by phone on Sunday, September 22.
“I’m deeply sorry. I’m in deep remorse. Right now, I already contacted the organizers
and I’m about to contact the owner to personally convey to him my deepest and
personal apology,” Solis said.
According to posts on the “Narinig ko sa UP” (Overheard at UP) Facebook page, Solis
had done this at least 5 times since 2011.
The most recent photo that Solis claimed to be his won the top prize in the Smiles for
the World photo contest conceptualized by Chilean Ambassador Roberto Mayorga. It
came under intense scrutiny on social networks on Sunday after the real owner of
the photograph, Gregory John Smith, revealed how “an impostor... abused my
copyright.”
Solis submitted a photo of a boy whom he said was named Nilo and was from
Zamboanga City. The caption stated that the boy helped his father farm seaweed.
During Chile’s National Day on Wednesday, September 18, at the Cultural Center of
the Philippines, Solis was awarded $1,000 and roundtrip tickets to Chile and Brazil.
Smith, a social entrepreneur, said the photo belonged to the Children at Risk
Foundation, which he founded. The child in the photo was from Brazil, not
Zamboanga City, he said.
Smith posted a comment on a recent feature article on the ambassador claiming
ownership of the photo.
Taken from Flickr
Smith pointed to his Flickr account, which
contained the same photo – taken in 2006 –
along with other photos of children in Brazil.
The photo was titled, “Neptune, King of the
Sea.”
UP students expressed shock and anger at
the apparent plagiarism.
Solis is a political science alumnus of UP and
is currently taking up his Masters in Public
Administration at the National College of
Public Administration and Governance.
The website of the International Association
of Political Science Students said Solis is a
legislative staff of Senator Pia Cayetano.
Cayetano tweeted Sunday, “To those asking,
THE ORIGINAL. The photo, originally called Mark
Solis was a probationary staff for ‘Neptune, King of the sea’ posted in the Children three
months. He has not been connected at Risk Flickr account managed by Smith. with our office
Screengrab from Flickr
since June.”

Not the first time

It wasn’t the first time Solis joined and won a contest using photos taken by other
people.
Solis sent Smith’s photo to the United Nations International Year of Water Cooperation
contest. The caption stated this time that the child was from India, according to posts
on the Narinig ko sa UP page.

3
Another photo he entered into the same contest was also from the Children At Risk
Foundation’s Flickr album.
In 2011, he also entered and won the first Papworth Trust’s photo competition. The
owner of the photo is a Flickr user who took the photo in 2008.
Solis also entered 3 photos to a sustainable development photo contest hosted by a
European Union company called VinylPlus. All 3 photos were also stolen from Flickr
accounts.
The Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, which also held a photo
contest in 2011, received a false entry from Solis as well. The original photo, also
found on Flickr, even had a watermark on it.

Disappointed
Ambassador Mayorga expressed his deep sadness by the turn of events.
Mayorga told Rappler he only wished to show appreciation on the Calidad Humana of
the Filipinos. He added that he hopes this does not tarnish the image of all Filipinos.
“The majority [of Filipinos] have plenty of Calidad Humana,” Mayorga told Rappler,
“Unfortunately, these kinds of exceptions are the risk you have in your nice country.
This shows it is necessary to take care of your good people, preserving among them the
positive elements of their personality.”
Mayorga said that they will conduct an investigation into the matter. But he warned
that Solis’ conduct may forfeit his award.
Solis said he will meet with the contest organizers on Monday.

What Is It
A. In what competition did Solis send in his plagiarized work?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. What sanctions did he receive from the organizing committee? Describe his actions.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

C. Do you think technology and internet have made plagiarism easier? Do you think
technology has made people more or less creative? Explain your answer with
examples.

___________________________________________________________________

4
___________________________________________________________________

What’s More
Read the following article about plagiarism case.

5
 UP grad in plagiarism gets redemption
Janvic Mateo (The Philippine Star) - December 2, 2015 - 9:00am
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/12/02/1528420/grad-photo-
plagiarismgets-redemption

MANILA, Philippines - For former Chilean ambassador to the Philippines Roberto

Mayorga, Mark Joseph Solis more than just redeemed himself: he has proven that
the dark moments in one’s life often reveal the brightest trait of an individual. For
the past two years, Solis, a graduate of political science from the University of the
Philippines, managed a football program for street children at a makeshift field
inside the Baclaran church compound in Pasay City.
The football club, with players aged eight to 12, seeks to develop children’s character
through the sport.
The program was part of his commitment to Mayorga and the rest of the people
behind the Calidad Humana project following a photo plagiarism controversy that
hounded the Smiles for the World photo contest sponsored by the embassy of Chile in
2013.
Solis was stripped of the grand prize after it was learned that he was not the person
who took the winning photo. He later apologized for the incident.
Mayorga, meanwhile, asked him to participate in the activities of Calidad Humana as
part of his path to redemption.
“I think this is very important,” Mayorga told The STAR following the book launch of
“Calidad Humana: Sharing the Filipino Spirit” at the Cultural Center of the
Philippines yesterday.
“Mark Solis is an example that it is possible for someone to redeem himself, to change,”
he added.
Mayorga, now a consultant for the Energy Development Corp. (EDC), said the issue is
now closed as Solis has genuinely repented and redeemed himself following the
incident.
“Two years working with children, and now he’s a different person,” Mayorga said.
For the former ambassador, the lessons Solis learned from one of most challenging
episodes in his life are more important.
“He was so damaged, totally damaged,” he recalled, adding that Solis has worked
hard to recover from the aftermath of the controversy. “After fulfilling his
commitment, he deserves to be recognized.”
Mayorga and Solis shared an emotional embrace at the culmination of the book
launch as the latter’s “redemption” from the controversy was imparted to the audience.
Solis, who has suffered harsh criticisms on social media over the plagiarism case,
declined the request for an interview, saying he is now “living a quiet life.”
He, however, pledged to continue working with the program to promote Calidad
Humana, a Filipino value loosely translated as kabutihangloobsakapwa (goodness to
fellowmen).

Sharing the Filipino spirit

During the book launch, Mayorga stressed the need for Filipinos to recognize and
preserve an exceptional trait of “deep and intuitive concern for others that comes
naturally to Filipinos.”

“A majority of Filipinos are known for their positive attitude: friendliness, hospitality,
humility, the priority they give to others over material things, resiliency, spirituality,
joy of life and a sincere attitude. This is calidadhumana,” he said.
The book contains articles that provide the intellectual framework aimed at
understanding and strengthening the concept. It also contains numerous messages
from various notable individuals from different sectors.

6
“Sometimes a country is best seen through the eyes of a foreigner. That is the case
with Roberto Mayorga, Chile’s former ambassador to Manila,” STAR editor-in-chief
Ana Marie Pamintuan wrote.
“(Calidad humana) is exemplified, he says, in the smile that comes easily to the
Filipino, even in the midst of poverty and adversary… This book is a tribute to the
Filipino spirit,” she added.
Oscar Lopez, chairman emeritus of the Lopez Group of Companies, wrote the
foreword to the book.
“Together, we need to do our utmost to safeguard, preserve and cultivate this
national spirit. But we should also be aware as Filipinos that our calidadhumana
can be our gift to the world and that it is both a privilege and responsibility to
share,” Lopez wrote.
“Just as all countries seek to export their natural resources or their industrial and
technological products, the Philippines is in a unique position to export its human
richness to all the peoples of the world,” he added.
Foreign Affairs Undersecretary Laura del Rosario, who attended the book launch,
said the department would distribute copies of the book to the different Philippine
consulates and embassies to spread the word on calidadhumana.
Mayorga said a second part of the book, which will cover different ways on how
Filipinos can safeguard calidadhumana, would be released next year.

What I Have Learned

1. According to the article, how did Solis redeem himself? What job did he have?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What project did he help?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What is there to learn about the life of Solis?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
1. If you were Solis what will you do in real life situation about his case?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Multiple Choice. Write your correct answer in the space provided. Choose the
correct letter only.

7
 1. What sanctions did Solis receive from the organizing committee?
A. Manage a football program B. Forfeit his award
C. Personal Apology D. Awarded $1000 roundtrip ticket

2. What project did Solis help?

A. Mayorga B. The football Club
C. Calidad Humana D. None of the above

3. Using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over
communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction

4. Describe the acts of cyber bullying that the netizens did to Carabuena.
A. Phil.netizens have done their jobs B. Painful Facebook & Twitter comments
C. Based on Video & Pictures D. None of the choices

5. An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge
of ICT.
A. Digital divide B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction

6. An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another
author without authorization
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction

7. The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This
excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with
social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism C. Cyber
Bullying D. Computer addiction

8. In what competition did Solis send in his plagiarized work?

A. Photo of a boy B. During Chiles National Day
C. Smiles for the World D.Neptune, King of the Sea

9. A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative
work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism C. Cyber
Bullying D. Computer addiction

10. What did Carabuena do that made netizens angry?

A. Carabuena drove past a red-light B. He was stopped by MMDA
C. Video uploaded D. None of the above

8
 Lesson 2
Netiquette

What’s In
In our previous lesson class we discussed the Copyright, Plagiarism, Fair Use,Cyber
bullying, and Computer Addiction. What is the difference of being charge by copyright
infringement and plagiarism? What are the different types of bullying?

What’s New

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels https://www.pexels.com/photo/applications-blog-blogging-blur-

267392/

Read Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how
much you learned.

9
 What Is It
WHAT IS NETIQUETTE?
NETIQUETTE refers to a collection of rules that governs what conduct is socially acceptable
in a web or digital scenario. It’s a social code of network communication.Netiquette is a set of
rules for behaving properly on-line. It represents the importance of correct manners and
behavior on-line. In general, netiquette is that the set of skilled and social etiquettes
practiced and advocated in transmission over any electronic network. Common pointers
embody being courteous and precise, and avoiding cyber-bullying.
Netiquette additionally dictates that users ought to adapt copyright laws and avoid over
victimization emoticons. It could be a short type of network rule or net rule.The word
netiquette could be a combination of ‘net’ (from internet) and ‘etiquette’. It suggests that
respecting alternative users’ views and displaying common courtesy once posting your views
to on-line discussion teams.

Information Sheets 2.1

10
 What I Have Learned
1. What are the basic rules in protecting yourself online?
11
 ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
1. How to stay safe and security online?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Lesso
Digital Divide, Addiction, and
n 3 Bullying

What’s In
What are the 10 basic rules of netiquette? Now you know the basic netiquette then we can
proceed to our new topic which is digital divide and bullying.

12
 What’s New

Photo of subscri13 from freepik https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/cyber-bullying-red-button-

silver-keyboard_5105410.htm

Read Information Sheet 3.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how
much you learned

Information Sheets 3.1

Digital Divide
Digital divide could be a term that refers to the gap between demographics and
regions that have access to trendy info and technology, and people that do not or
have restricted access. Before the late twentieth century, digital divide referred
principally to the division between those with and without phone access.

The digital divide generally exists between those in cities and people in rural
areas; between the educated and the uneducated; between socioeconomic
groups; and, globally, between the more and less industrially developed nations.
Even among populations with some access to technology, the digital divide can
be evident in the form of lower-performance computers, lower-speed wireless
connections, lower-priced connections such as dial-up, and limited access to
subscription-based content (Rouse, 2014)

13
 Computer Addiction
A disorder in which the individual turns to the Internet or plays computer games to
change moods, overcome anxiety, deal with depression, reduce isolation or
loneliness, or distract themselves from overwhelming problems. The elderly, as
well as children and adolescents, are particularly vulnerable because they may
not realize the extent of their dependency. In many instances, individuals with
computer addiction may seek help for another condition, such as depression,
phobias or other addictions (Shiel, 2018).

Bullying
Stopbullying.org (2019) defines bullying as unwanted, aggressive behavior
among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.
The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids
who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems.

In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:

• An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical
strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or
harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different
situations, even if they involve the same people.

• Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the

potential to happen more than once.

Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking

someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.

Information Sheets 3.1

14
 Types of Bullying
There are three types of bullying:

• Verbal bullying is saying or writing means things. Verbal bullying

includes:
o Teasing
o Name-calling
o Inappropriate sexual comments
o Taunting
o Threatening to cause harm

• Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying,

involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying
includes:
o Leaving someone out on purpose
o Telling other children not to be friends with someone
o Spreading rumors about someone
o Embarrassing someone in public

• Physicalbullying involves hurting a person’s body or

possessions. Physical bullying includes:
o Hitting/kicking/pinching
o Spitting
o Tripping/pushing
o Taking or breaking someone’s things
o Making mean or rude hand gestures

What’s More
What Is Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying, according to stopbullying.com (2019), is bullying that takes place over digital
devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through SMS,
Text, and apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view,
participate in, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative,
harmful, false, or mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or
private information about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some
cyberbullying crosses the line into unlawful or criminal behavior.
The most common places where cyberbullying occurs are:
• Social Media, such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter
• SMS (Short Message Service) also known as Text Message sent through devices
• Instant Message (via devices, email provider services, apps, and social media
messaging features)
15
 • Email

Activity 1: Computer addiction

Read the news article on computer addiction: “Four in ten teenage girls ‘are addicted to
internet:
Youngsters increasingly showing signs of compulsion with their tablets and smart phones

Youngsters increasingly showing signs of compulsion with their tablets and

smart phones Laura Clark, May 9, 2014
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2623903/Four-ten-teenage-girls-
addicted-internet-Youngsters-increasingly-showing-signs-compulsion-
tabletssmart-phones.html

Four in ten teenagers believe they are addicted to the internet with girls
affected more than boys, a survey found.
Youngsters are increasingly displaying signs of compulsion to use their
tablets and smartphones, including taking their devices to bed and in some
cases even preferring the company of gadgets to people.
The findings prompted Tablets for Schools, the charity which conducted the
survey, to launch a charter on how families can set boundaries to foster a
healthy relationship with the internet.
Advice includes banning children from taking their devices to bed and
encouraging them to buy alarm clocks instead of using their phones for the
purpose.
The survey, which questioned more than 2,000 secondary school pupils
aged 11 to 17, found that 39 per cent believe they are addicted to the
internet.
The figure was higher among girls at 46 per cent, whereas 36 per cent of
boys thought they were addicted.
The poll found that girls spent more time chatting to friends on social
networks while boys were more absorbed by computer games.
One 11-year-old girl said: ‘I can never get off it, and at night I stay up for two
to three hours after I’m meant to be asleep.’
A 12-year-old girl said: ‘The internet nearly always controls my actions. I
have been told that I am addicted to the internet and prefer its company
rather than being with other people.’
And a third pupil said: ‘If I had no wi-fi I would have no life.’
Nearly two-thirds of pupils - 64 per cent - said they took their gadget to bed
with them.
Of these, most were using their phone or computer to talk to friends on
social media, watch films or videos or play games.
One 12-year-old boy said: ‘It’s the first thing I look at in the morning and

16
 the last thing at night. It seems I’m constantly on it.’
A girl of the same age commented: ‘I get nervous when I’m not on the
internet for a long time. I feel like I’m missing something.’ The poll,
conducted by the charity Tablets for Schools, led to the development
of a charter on internet use for teachers and families. It urges
youngsters to resist the temptation to take their device to bed and
use a proper alarm clock instead of their phone.
There should also be time limits on how youngsters can use devices with
specific times during the day or week for being ‘unplugged’.
Youngsters were also urged to ‘switch off and sleep’ and ‘don’t use your
device as a clock, invest in a real alarm clock.’
The charter also said that students should protect their study time,
find new ‘boredom busters’ - activities they enjoy away from using the
internet - and dedicate certain times of the day or week to being
‘unplugged’.
Andrew Harrison, the chairman of Tablets for Schools and chief executive
of Carphone Warehouse, said tablets can be an ‘incredible force for good’.
But he added: ‘This Charter of guidance from pupils themselves is
invaluable.
‘Boundaries can help maintain a healthy relationship with the internet.’ A
report accompanying the poll admits that use of the term ‘addiction’ is
controversial.
Psychologist Professor Tanya Byron argues that by labelling behavior such
as technology use an ‘addiction’ we run the risk of ignoring the
responsibility we have as individuals and parents for our own behavior,’
the report said.
Youngsters were referring to addiction in the ‘vernacular sense’, the report
said.
It adds: ‘It may be that we all, adults and young people, need to impose
boundaries on the way in which we use our digital devices.
‘We might question whether it is a good idea to use devices late into the
night or take the device to bed. Importantly it seems that a dialogue
needs to take place between young people and the adults in their lives,
be it in school or at home, about using the internet safely, wisely and in a
way which enhances their wellbeing.’
The charity’s charter on internet use for teachers and families says
students should protect their study time, find new ‘boredom busters’ –
activities they enjoy away from the internet – and dedicate times of the day
to being ‘unplugged’ from their devices.

What Is It
1. After reading the article, answer the following questions:
• From the research, do boys and girls share the same Internet usage? Explain
your answer. Cite statistics or data.
______________________________________________________________

17
 • Give two pieces of advice from Tablets for Schools to avoid computer
addiction.
______________________________________________________________
2. After reading, answer the following questions:
• What did Carabuena do that made netizens angry?
______________________________________________________________
• How did the incident affect Carabuena’s life?
______________________________________________________________
• Do you think technology and the Internet has made bullying easier?
______________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

1. Cite one example in your school or community of teenagers who have experienced
computer addiction. What happen them? Have they recovered from their addiction?e
___________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the acts of cyber bullying that the netizens did to Carabuena. Do you think
their actions are justifiable? Defend your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Give one suggestion to avoid cyber bullying. Give one suggestion to avoid being a
cyber bully.
___________________________________________________________________
4. Explain why did Saturnino Fabros, a 20-year traffic enforcer veteran, was not a victim
of cyber bullying? instead of Robert Blair Carabuena who was in a video who slapped
to Saturnino.
___________________________________________________________________

Assessment: (Post-Test)
Post Test 1.1. Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best
answer from among the given choices.
1. What sanctions did Solis receive from the organizing committee?
A. Manage a football program B. Forfeit his award C. Personal
Apology D.Awarded $1000 roundtrip ticket
2. What project did Solis help?

18
 A. Mayorga B. The football Club C. Calidad
Humana D. None of the above
3. Using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over
communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
4. Describe the acts of cyber bullying that the netizens did to Carabuena?
A. Phil.netizens have done their jobs B. Painful Facebook & Twitter comments
C. Based on Video & Pictures D. None of the choices
5. An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge
of ICT.
A. Digital divide B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
6. An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another
author without authorization.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
7. The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This
excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with
social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
8. In what competition did Solis send in his plagiarized work?
A. Photo of a boy B. During Chiles National Day
C. Smiles for the World D. Neptune, King of the Sea.
9. a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative
work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
A. Copyright B. Plagiarism
C. Cyber Bullying D. Computer addiction
10. What did Carabuena do that made netizens angry?
A. Carabuena drove past a red-light B. He was stopped by MMDA C.
Video uploaded D. None of the above
Post Test 1.2. Fill in the blanks. Identify the Basic Rules of Netiquette or Internet
Etiquette.

____________1. No one believes you have 1,000 friends, but it is still insulting to be
dropped from someone’s friend list.

____________2. If you have an in-joke to share with one other person, or a small number of
people in a larger online group, send them a private message.

19
____________3. Naked sex pictures, drunk pictures, drug use pictures, unedited home
video

____________4. By all means, ignore and delete spam, unsolicited messages, and crazy
stuff

____________5. That cure for cancer might sound pretty impressive, but it will just cause
upset if it is a hoax.

____________6. Name-calling, cursing, expressing deliberately offensive opinions—if you

wouldn’t do it to the face of anyone who might conceivably see what you write, don’t write it.

____________7. If someone is in the room with you, stop what you are doing and look at
them.

____________8. Don’t leave inaccurate information online just because you can’t be
bothered to update yourwebsite.

____________9. Don’t forward information sent to you without checking with the original
sender first.

____________10. You might think that sequence of nature pictures with inspirational
statements is wonderfully moving.

Post Test 3.1.

Explain why did Saturnino Fabros, a 20-year traffic enforcer veteran, was NOT a victim of
cyber bullying, instead of Robert Blair Carabuena who was in the video slapping Saturnino?

Summary

This module contains of three lessons, 1.Copy Right/Fair Use/ Plagiarism, 2. Netiquette, 3.
Digital Divide, Addiction, and Bullying. In lesson 1 the learners puts into practice their
understanding of the intellectual property, copy right, and fair use guidelines. The learners
become aware of copying something that will help them not to charge of plagiarism and
infringement which is a violation of the Law. 2. In lesson 2 the learners demonstrates proper
conduct and behavior online (netiquette, virtual self). Learners become more careful in
posting online for their safety, security and reputation online.In lesson 3 learners puts into
action their personal resolve to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying. Learners can
identify different types of bullying, manage and control the use of computer daily,
knowledgeable enough to handle situations like addiction and bullying.

20
 21
Pre-Test Pre-Test Pre-Test Lesson 1: Post
1 2 3 Tes
1 .A 6 .B 1 . True 1 .A 1 t .B 6 .B
2 .D 7 .B 2 . True 2 .A 2B 7 .D
3 .C 8 .C 3 . True 3 .B 3 .C 8 .C
4 .A 9 .B 4 . True 4 .D 4 .B 9 .A
5 .C 10 . A 5 . True 5 .C 5 .A 10 .C
Lesson 2: What’s In?
There are three types of bullying:
Verbal bullying is saying or writing means things. Verbal bullying includes:
• Teasin
g
• Name-calling
• Inappropriate sexual comments
• Tauntin
g
• Threatening to cause harm
Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting
someone’s
reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:
• Leaving someone out on purpose
• Telling other children not to be friends with someone
• Spreading rumors about someone
• Embarrassing someone in public
Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying
includes:
• Hitting/kicking/pinching
• Spitting
• Tripping/pushing
• Taking or breaking someone’s things
• Making mean or rude hand gestures
Key to Answers
 22
References
Lesson 3: What’s In?
What are the 10 basic rules of netiquette? The 10 basic are the following:
1. Remember That Real People Take Priority
2. If You Wouldn’t Say It to Someone’s Face, Don’t Say It Online
3. If You Wouldn’t Show It in Public, Don’t Share It Online
4. Don’t Exclude Your Audience
5. Don’t “Friend” Then “Unfriend” People
6. Don’t Overload System Resources With Enormous Files
7. Respect People’s Privacy
8. Don’t Repost Without Checking the Facts
9. Check and Respond to Email Promptly
10. Update Online Information That People Depend Upon
Post Test 1.1 Post Test 2.1
1 .B 6 .B 1 . 5 6. 2
2 .B 7 .D 2 . 4 7. 1
3 .C 8 .C 3 . 3 8 . 10
4 .B 9 .A 4 . 9 9. 7
5 .A 10 . C 5 . 8 10. 6
Post Test 3.1
Saturnino Fabros, a 20-year traffic enforcer it’s nota victim of cyberbullying
although he was slapped by Robert Blair Carabuena, an iveHR
at Philip
execut
Morris International (PMI) because a cyberbullying any
is anonline
act ofactivities.
Netizens came down swift and hard on Robert Blair Carabuena,
nging from ra
spreading online petitions to terminate his employment
ainfultoFacebook
the p and
Twitter comments.
Key to Answers
Carol Ramoran, UP student plagiarizes prize-winning photos, Rappler, September 22,
2013, https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/39566-up-student-admits-plagiarized-photos

Elizabeth Hartney, 10 Basic Rules of Netiquette or Internet Etiquette: Know Your

Manners When Using Technology, VeryWellMind, January 13, 2020, https://www.
verywellmind.com/ten-rules-of-netiquette-22285

Janvic Mateo, UP grad in photo plagiarism gets redemption, The Philippine Star,
December 2, 2015,
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/12/02/1528420/gradphoto-plagiarism-gets-
redemption

Laura Clark, Four in ten teenage girls ‘are addicted to internet’: Youngsters
increasingly showing signs of compulsion with their tablets and smart
phones,dailymail, May 9, 2014, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-
2623903/Four-ten-teenage-girlsaddicted-internet-Youngsters-increasingly-showing-
signs-compulsion-tablets-smartphones.html

Margaret Rouse, Digital Divide, WhatIs, June 2014, https://whatis.techtarget.com/

definition/digital-divide
Markus Spiske, Save Your Internet – Demo against Uploadfilter – Article 13
#CensorshipMachine., Unsplash, March 16, 2019, https://unsplash.com/photos/
y6HpQzW87Vc

N. Mark Castro, Robert Blair Carabuena: A Case Study of Cyber Bullying,

asmartrock, August 16, 2012, https://asmartrock.wordpress.com/2012/08/16/robert-
blaircarabuena-a-case-study-of-cyber-bullying/

Pixabay, Ios Icon Screengrab, Pexels, December 22, 2019, https://www.pexels.com/

photo/applications-blog-blogging-blur-267392/

stopbullying.org, What is Bullying, stopbullying.org, May 30, 2019, https://www.

stopbullying.gov/bullying/what-is-bullying

stopbullying.org, What Is Cyberbullying, stopbullying.org, May 30, 2019, https://www.

stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it

subsri13, Cyber bullying red button on silver keyboard, Freepik, June 2019, https://
www.techtarget.com/contributor/Margaret-Rouse

William C. Shiel Jr., Medical Definition of Computer addiction, MedicineNet,

December 11, 2018,

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