University of Medical Sciences & Technology
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science (Established: 1996)
Tel: 00249 183 223 429, E-mail address: mls-umst@yahoo.com
M.Sc Batch (2) Final Semester (1) Supplementary
Examination
"GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY"
Name of Student: _________________________________ Index No. : ___________________
Date: 13 / 03/ 2008 Time: 3 Hours
08:30 – 11:30 a.m.
Instructions to the candidates.
Write your full name in all answer sheets.
The examination consists of three sections.
Attempt all questions on section A, B and C within the answer sheets provided.
Sections A: 40 Multiple choice questions (50 marks).
For true answers write T
For false answers write F
There is penalty of ½ marks for the incorrect answer.
Section B: 5 short notes questions (20 marks).
Answer all questions in the answer book provided.
Section C: 3 Essays questions (30 marks).
Answer all questions in the answer book provided.
1
MCQs
Answer with True or False, for True answers write T and False
answers write F
1) The following apply to secondary lymphoid organs:-
a) Presence of precursor B and T cells
b) Cellular proliferation
c) Differentiation of lymphocytes
d) Antigen dependent response
e) Cellular interaction
2) Haptens:-
a) Require carrier molecules to be immunogenic
b) Cannot stimulate secondary antibody responses without carriers
c) Have large molecular weight
d) Are univalent
e) All of the above are true
3) An adjuvant is a substance that:-
a) Increases the size of the immunogen
b) Enhances the immunogenecity of haptens
c) Increases the chemical complexity of the immunogen
d) Enhances the immune response to the immunogen
e) Enhances immunologic cross reactivity
4) The antigen binding site of an antibody molecule is determined by amino
acid sequences of:-
a) Constant region of the light chain
b) Variable region of the light chain
c) Constant region of the heavy chain
d) Constant regions of the heavy and light chains
e) Variable regions of the heavy and light chains
5) The following events take place in the alternative pathway of complement:-
a) Activation of C1 by Ag/Ab complex
b) Degradation of factor B
c) Amplification loop
d) Activation of C4
e) Activation of C3
2
6) In the serum of most normal individuals, the class of immunoglobulin
that increases in chronic infections is:-
a) IgA
b) IgE
c) IgG
d) IgM
e) IgD
7) The relative level of pathogen specific IgM antibodies can be of diagnostic
significance because:-
a) IgM is easier to detect than the others
b) Viral infection often results in very high IgM responses
c) IgM antibodies are more often protective against reinfections than the
others
d) Relatively high levels of IgM often correlate with a first recent exposure
to the inducing agent.
e) All of the above are true
8) The following statements are true:-
a) Antibodies in the secondary immune response are more than in the
primary immune response
b) Synthesis of antibody in a secondary response occurs predominantly in
the blood
c) Class switching occurs in the presence of T-dependent antigen
d) Predominantly IgM antibody is produced in the primary response
e) IgG antibody is produced predominantly in the secondary response
9) The following are true:-
a) Cytokines produced by TH 1 – cells include gamma 1 FN
b) Cytokines produced by TH 2 – cells induce production of antibodies
c) TH 1 – cells secrete cytokines that activate macrophages
d) 1 L 12 favours the development of TH 2 cells
e) TH 2 cell cytokines may inhibit the action of TH 1 cells
10) An example of innate immunity is:-
a) Antibody production by plasma cells
b) Antigen removal by cilia in the respiratory tract
c) Complement activation by antibody bound to the surface of a bacterium
d) Memory response to influenza virus
e) Recognition and killing of virus infected cells by cytotoxic T cells
3
11) Humoral immunity can be acquired passively by:-
a) Catching a virus from a friend by shaking hands
b) Receiving a vaccine of influenza virus
c) Receiving serum from someone who has recovered from an infection
d) Receiving leucocytes from an immune family member
e) Sharing a drink with someone who has a cold
12) For specific antigen recognition by T cells:-
a) Antigen is bound by a T-cell membrane antibody
b) MHC molecules are not required
c) Soluble antigen is bound directly without processing
d) Antigens must be degraded to be presented
e) Specificity of the TCR alone is enough
13) The following statements about antigen epitopes is / are true:-
a) An epitope may be shared by two different antigens
b) A protein molecule may contain multiple epitopes
c) B – cells bind only processed antigen epitopes
d) Presence of a large number of different epitopes increase the
immunogenecity of the antigen
e) Macromolecular antigens have multiple epitopes
14) Antigens that are able to activate helper T-cells:-
a) Are chemically complex
b) Are large
c) Are carbohydrates
d) Have repeating epitopes
e) Are proteins
15) T- independent antigens do not:-
a) Bind BCR
b) Get presented on MHC class II
c) Have repeating epitopes
d) Induce B – cell proliferation
e) Induce T – cell activation
16) Participation of C1, C4 and C2 is essential in:-
a) Classical pathway
b) Alternative pathway
c) Both classical and alternative pathway
d) Production of antibodies
e) None of the above
4
17) The predominant Ig in a faetus is:-
a) Ig M
b) Ig G
c) Ig E
d) Ig D
e) Ig A
18) Which of the following is / are membrane bound antibodies:-
a) Ig M
b) Ig G
c) Ig M and Ig D
d) Ig D
e) Ig A
19) The following cells are MHC restricted:-
a) B lymphocytes
b) T lymphocytes
c) Plasma cells
d) NK cells
e) All of the above
20) Which of the following is / are the effector cells in delayed
hypersensitivity reactions:-
a) B lymphocytes
b) T cytotoxic cells
c) Macrophages
d) Monocytes
e) T suppressor cells
21) Primary lymphoid organs:-
a) Are efficient in exposing T cells to foreign antigen
b) Are the primary site of antibody synthesis
c) Are the primary site for origination of lymphoid cells
d) Provide the site for maturation of T and B cells
e) Line the mucosal surfaces of the body
22) Phagocytosis:-
a) Can be stimulated by antigen binding to C3b or IgG
b) Is an antigen specific process
c) Must be preceded by antigen processing
d) Is mediated by lymphocytes
e) Is mediated by neutrophils
5
23) The following immunity is important in defense against intracellular
pathogens:-
a) Ab mediated immunity
b) Cell mediated immunity
c) Phogocytosis
d) Delayed type hypersensitivity
e) All of the above
24) The following is / are true:-
a) Killing of virus infected cells by T cells is adaptive cellular immunity
b) Administration of immunoglobulins in tetanus is an example of active
humoral immunity
c) NK cells are a part of innate cellular immunity
d) A molecule of IgG and a molecule of IGM can both have Kappa light
chains
e) IgM has the highest valence for antigen
25) TH2 cells:-
a) Are memory T cells
b) Secrete cytokines that activate B cells to produce antibody
c) Secrete cytokines that activate Tc to lyse infected cells
d) Secrete cytokines that activate macrophages
e) Are cytotoxic cells
26) Complement:-
a) Is a group of active proteolytic enzymes found in serum
b) Is secreted by macrophages and liver cells
c) Participates in both innate and adaptive immune responses
d) Prevents lysis of virus infected cells
e) Neutralize viruses
27) The following apply to acquired immunity:-
a) Absence of specificity
b) Activation by a stimulus
c) Involvement of multiple cell types
d) A memory component
e) Improvement in the immune response
28) Haptens:-
a) Have small molecular size
b) Are multivalent
c) Can stimulate antibody responses
d) Require carrier molecules to induce an immune response
e) Are immunogenic
6
29) T- helper lymphocyte is known to recognize the following on a
presenting cell:-
a) MHC I
b) MHC II
c) Processed antigen
d) CD8
e) Surface immunoglobulin
30) Cytotoxicity is mediated by:-
a) T cytotoxic cells
b) B – lymphocytes
c) NK cells
d) Mast cells
e) Neutrophils
31) The following cells are derived from the myeloid progenitor cells:-
a) T lymphocytes
b) Monocytes
c) Neutrophils
d) Mast cells
e) Eosinophils
32) The following is / are opsonins:-
a) IgG
b) IgA
c) C3b
d) C5a
e) C3a
33) Complement components are synthesized in:-
a) Spleen
b) Liver
c) Macrophages
d) Bone marrow
e) Lymph nodes
34) Chemically complement components are:-
a) Lipids
b) Proteins
c) Lipo polysaccharides
d) Lipoproteins
e) Polysaccharides
7
35) The following are characters of immune response to T-independent
antigen:-
a) Depends on both T and B lymphocytes
b) Class switch is seen
c) Memory induction is poor
d) Only IgM is formed
e) No cytokines are needed
36) The following apply to innate immunity:-
a) Absence of specificity
b) Presence of an antigen stimulus
c) Involvement of multiple cell types
d) A memory component
e) Differentiation of lymphocytes
37) The following statements regarding properties of cytokines are correct:-
a) They have pleiotropic properties
b) They show redundancy
c) They are antigen specific
d) They show synergistic properties
e) They show antagonistic properties
38) These types of immune responses are mediated by TH1 subset:-
a) Responses to viral infections
b) Delayed – type hypersensitivity
c) Activation of cytotoxic T cells
d) Activation of IgE synthesis
e) Responses to intracellular pathogens
39) The following components of complement could be missing and still
capable of activation by the alterative pathway:-
a) C1, C2, C3
b) C3 only
c) C2, C3 and C4
d) C1, C2 and C4
e) C1, C3 and C4
40) The following statement about interleukin 2 (IL – 2) is / are true:-
a) It is produced by activated macrophages
b) It is produced by CD4 T cells
c) It can induce proliferation of CD4 T cells
d) It can activate CD8 T cells in the presence of antigen
e) It is produced by B cells.
8
SECTION ( B )
Answer all questions:-
Write Short Notes on the following:-
1. Enumerate 4 distinguishing characters between T and B cells.
2. Mention 4 biologic effects of complement.
3. Enumerate 4 functions of T lymphocytes.
4. Enumerate 4 differentiating features between primary and secondary immune
responses.
5. Mention 4 characters of immune response to T – dependent antigen.
(20 marks)
SECTION ( C )
Write Essays on the following:-
1. Describe the T – independent process for production of antibodies.
2. Describe how cellular immunity is produced.
3. Write an account on the immunoglobulin IgM.
Good Luck!
