Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the related literature, related studies, research gap, and the
conceptual framework in which the problem is anchored.
A. Related Literature
The following is the body of knowledge in which the variables are anchored with.
Level of Modular Learning
According to Paglumotan and Sapera (2020), Modular learning is a form of
distance learning that uses Self-Learning Modules (SLM) based on the most essential
learning competencies (MELCS) provided by DepEd. The modules include sections on
motivation and assessment that serve as a complete guide of both teachers’ and students’
desired competencies. Also, Malaya (2020), mentioned that Modular Distance Learning
features individualized instruction that allows learners to use Self-Learning Modules (SLMs)
in print or digital format/electronic copy, whichever is applicable to the learner. Also, it will be
distributed to every students every week through their respective schools (Magsambol,
2020). The teacher takes the responsibility of monitoring the progress of the learners. The
learners may ask assistance from the teacher via e-mail, telephone, text message/instant
messaging among others. Where possible, the teacher shall do home visits to learners
needing remediation or assistance (Llego, 2020). Printed Modules will be delivered to
students, parents or guardians by the teachers or through the Local Government Officials
(Moron-Corcio, 2020).
Furthermore, Mateo (2020), stated that more parents prefer education through
printed modules instead of online-based and other distance learning modalities. According
to DepEd survey, more than 8.8 million parents choose modular learning as their preferred
distance learning modality for the upcoming school year, with only 3.3 million opting for
online learning. Also, according to Dangle and Sumaong (2020), that the parents and
guardians' perform the various roles in Modular Learning such as Module-ator and Home
Innovator. As a Module-ator, they are the ones to get and submit the printed Self-Learning
Modules (SLMs) from and to schools or barangay halls at the beginning and end of the
week, depending on the agreement between the parents and the school. As a Home
Innovator, they must provide their child with a productive learning environment to help them
focus more on Learning.
Besides, Joyce (2020), stated that Modular education reduces the cycle time of
learning, making it easier to gain tangible skills and value faster than a full traditional
degree. Also, it allows the students to have the freedom to pick and choose their schedule
and learn at their own pace in a relaxed environment (Emma, 2020).