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COURSE GUIDE 2ND CYCLE

MODULE IN SS5- WORLD HISTORY 1

2ND YEAR BSED – SOCIAL STUDIES

Module 2: THE RISE AND FALL OF GREEK CITY-STATES AND ROMAN EMPIRE
Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this module, the student must have:
1. Explained the beginnings, development and fall of Greek City States and Roman Empire using timeline concept.
2. Identified the factors that cause the decline of the Greek and Roman World and its impact in today’s society.
3. Discussed the contributions of Greek and Roman civilizations in the world using 2 minute video presentation.

A. Introduction
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged into the light of world history in the 8th century BC. Normally it is regarded as coming to an end when
Greece fell to the Romans, in 146 BC. However, major Greek (or ―Hellenistic‖, as modern scholars call them) kingdoms lasted longer than this. As a culture
(as opposed to a political force), Greek civilization lasted longer still, continuing right to the end of the ancient world.
Philip of Macedon’s defeat of the Greek city-states is traditionally seen as drawing down the curtain on ―Classical Greece‖ and ushering in the
―Hellenistic Age―. This includes the conquests of Alexander the Great, and ends with the conquests of the different Hellenistic states by Rome (146-31 BC).
The history of Ancient Greece falls into four major divisions. The Archaic period , when the civilization’s main features were evolving, lasted from the 8th to
the 6th centuries BC. Classical Greece flourished during the 5th to 4th centuries BC. This was marked by the period of the Persian Wars (c. 510-479 BC),
the Golden Age of Athens (c. 479-404 BC), and the later Classical era (404-338 BC).
Greek civilization had a powerful influence on the Roman civilization. Indeed, some modern scholars see the Roman era as a continuation of the
same civilization, which they label ―Graeco-Roman‖. In any case, the Roman conquest carried many features of Greek civilization to far-flung parts of the
Mediterranean world and Western Europe. Through the mediation of the Romans, therefore, Greek civilization came to be the founding culture of Western
civilization.

Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak
encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Among the many legacies of
Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern
 Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the
wake of Julius Caesar’s rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and
prosperity; by contrast, the Roman Empire’s decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human
civilization.

B. Activities
Activity A:
Deepen your understanding for the following statement. Answer it comprehensively.
1. What are the factors that cause the decline of the Greek and Roman World and its impact in today’s society?
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2. How these phenomena largely change and affect the world in its origin, surviving history, experience and cultural-generated movement of people
and societies?
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30 B.C

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End of Greece

________________________ Decline/Fall of Greek

Period

________________________ Civilization
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Classical Age ________________________
338 B.C

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Using the timeline and guide questions supply information/data that explain the development and fall of Greek City-States.

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Hellenistic
Period

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540 B.C

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Classical
Period
Time of Ancient Greek Civilization

Lyric Age ________________________

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Greek City-States: Timeline concept of Development and Fall of Greek City-States.

______________________ Hellenistic Civilization

300 B.C
Lyric Age
“Archaic

______________________
Age”

______________________
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Dorian Civilization
―Iron Age‖
Dorian

1100 B.C

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Mycenean

______________________
Age

Mycenean Civilization
1500 B.C
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2500 B.C
―Bronze Age‖
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Minoan Age
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Activity B:

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Minoan Civilization
 Activity C:
Roman: Using the guide questions and picture below discuss how Egyptians Civilization ruled the world using a graphic organizer.

Timeline of Ancient Roman Civilization

Founding of Rome Rome becomes Punic War Period of Jesus Roman Storm Hadrian Period Constantine
Republic Christ Jerusalem Period
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_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
___ ____ __ _ _

753 B.C 509 B.C 146 B.C 26-29 A.D 70 A.D 120 A.D 313 A.D

Period of Augustus Grandeur of Roman Marcus Aurelius Period

Period and Decline of Rome
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C. Analysis
Activity A
What caused the rise and fall of Greek Civilization?
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Why is ancient Greece Civilization important to modern world?
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 Activity B
What caused the rise and fall of Roman Civilization?
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Why is ancient Roman Civilization important to modern world?
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D. Abstraction
The Birth of the City-State: During the so-called ―Greek Dark Ages‖ before the Archaic period, people lived scattered throughout Greece in
small farming villages. As they grew larger, these villages began to evolve. Some built walls. Most built a marketplace (an agora) and a community
meeting place. They developed governments and organized their citizens according to some sort of constitution or set of laws. They raised armies
and collected taxes. And every one of these city-states (known as poleis) was said to be protected by a particular god or goddess, to whom the
citizens of the polis owed a great deal of reverence, respect and sacrifice.
Though their citizens had in common what Herodotus called ―the same stock and the same speech, our shared temples of the gods and
religious rituals, our similar customs,‖ every Greek city-state was different. The largest, Sparta, controlled about 300 square miles of territory; the
smallest had just a few hundred people. However, by the dawn of the Archaic period in the seventh century B.C., the city-states had developed a
number of common characteristics. They all had economies that were based on agriculture, not trade: For this reason, land was every city-state’s
most valuable resource. Also, most had overthrown their hereditary kings, or basileus, and were ruled by a small number of wealthy aristocrats.
Colonization: Emigration was one way to relieve some of this tension. Land was the most important source of wealth in the city-states; it was
also, obviously, in finite supply. The pressure of population growth pushed many men away from their home poleis and into sparsely populated areas
around Greece and the Aegean. Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C., Greek colonies sprang up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa
to the coast of the Black Sea. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis.
The Rise of the Tyrants: As time passed and their populations grew, many of these agricultural city-states began to produce consumer goods
such as pottery, cloth, wine and metalwork. Trade in these goods made some people—usually not members of the old aristocracy—very wealthy.
These people resented the unchecked power of the oligarchs and banded together, sometimes with the aid of heavily-armed soldiers called hoplites,
to put new leaders in charge.
Archaic Renaissance: The colonial migrations of the Archaic period had an important effect on its art and literature: They spread Greek styles
far and wide and encouraged people from all over to participate in the era’s creative revolutions. The epic poet Homer, from Ionia, produced his
―Iliad‖ and ―Odyssey‖ during the Archaic period. Sculptors created kouroi and korai, carefully proportioned human figures that served as memorials
to the dead. Scientists and mathematicians made progress too: Anaximandros devised a theory of gravity; Xenophanes wrote about his discovery of
fossils and Pythagoras of Kroton discovered his famous Pythagorean Theorem.
Acropolis of Athens is one of the most famous ancient archaeological sites in the world. Located on a limestone hill high above Athens,
Greece, the Acropolis has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Over the centuries, the Acropolis was many things: a home to kings, a citadel, a
mythical home of the gods, a religious center and a tourist attraction. It has withstood bombardment, massive earthquakes and vandalism yet still
stands as a reminder of the rich history of Greece. Today, it is a cultural UNESCO World Heritage site and home to several temples, the most famous
of which is the Parthenon.
The term ―classical Greece‖ refers to the period between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the fifth century B.C. and the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. The classical period was an era of war and conflict—first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the
Athenians and the Spartans—but it was also an era of unprecedented political and cultural achievement. Besides the Parthenon and Greek tragedy,
classical Greece brought us the historian Herodotus, the physician Hippokrates and the philosopher Socrates. It also brought us the political reforms
that are ancient Greece’s most enduring contribution to the modern world: the system known as demokratia, or ―rule by the people.‖
In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms that he called demokratia, or ―rule by the
people‖ (from demos, ―the people,‖ and kratos, or ―power‖). It was the first known democracy in the world. This system was comprised of three
separate institutions: the ekklesia, a sovereign governing body that wrote laws and dictated foreign policy; the boule, a council of representatives
from the ten Athenian tribes and the dikasteria, the popular courts in which citizens argued cases before a group of lottery-selected jurors. Although
this Athenian democracy would survive for only two centuries, its invention by Cleisthenes, ―The Father of Democracy,‖ was one of ancient Greece’s
most enduring contributions to the modern world. The Greek system of direct democracy would pave the way for representative democracies across
the globe.

Rome was founded around 625 BC in the areas of ancient Italy known as Etruria and Latium. It is thought that the city-state of Rome was
initially formed by Latium villagers joining together with settlers from the surrounding hills in response to an Etruscan invasion. It is unclear whether
they came together in defense or as a result of being brought under Etruscan rule. Archaeological evidence indicates that a great deal of change and
unification took place around 600 BC which likely led to the establishment of Rome as a true city.
The first period in Roman history is known as the Period of Kings, and it lasted from Rome’s founding until 510 BC. During this brief time
Rome, led by no fewer than six kings, advanced both militaristically and economically with increases in physical boundaries, military might, and
production and trade of goods including oil lamps. Politically, this period saw the early formation of the Roman constitution. The end of the Period of
Kings came with the decline of Etruscan power, thus ushering in Rome’s Republican Period.
Rome entered its Republican Period in 510 BC. No longer ruled by kings, the Romans established a new form of government whereby the
upper classes ruled, namely the senators and the equestrians, or knights. However, a dictator could be nominated in times of crisis. In 451 BC, the
Romans established the ―Twelve Tables,‖ a standardized code of laws meant for public, private, and political matter
Rome continued to expand through the Republican Period and gained control over the entire Italian peninsula by 338 BC. It was the Punic
Wars from 264-146 BC, along with some conflicts with Greece that allowed Rome to take control of Carthage and Corinth and thus become the
 dominant maritime power in the Mediterranean. Soon after, Rome’s political atmosphere pushed the Republic into a period of chaos and civil war.
This led to the election of a dictator, L. Cornelius Sulla, who served from 82-80 BC. Following Sulla’s resignation in 79 BC, the Republic returned to a
state of unrest. While Rome continued to be governed as a Republic for another 50 years, the shift to Imperialism began to materialize in 60 BC
when Julius Caesar rose to power. By 51 BC, Julius Caesar had conquered Celtic Gaul and, for the first time, Rome’s borders had spread beyond the
Mediterranean region. Although the Senate was still Rome’s governing body, its power was weakening. Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC and
replaced by his heir, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian) who ruled alongside Mark Antony. In 31 BC Rome overtook Egypt which resulted in
the death of Mark Antony and left Octavian as the unchallenged ruler of Rome. Octavian assumed the title of Augustus and thus became the first
emperor of Rome.

E. Application
Create 2 minute documentary that discusses the contributions of Greek and Roman civilizations in the world. This graded based on the given rubrics.

2 Minute Documentary

Beginning Developing Accomplished Distinguished

8 12 16 20
Portions may be poorly
Organization – Fairly well documented and Program shows a continuous
documented and/or organized.
Difficult to follow. Poor quality organized. Format is easy to progression of ideas and tells a
Hard to follow the progressions
Is your project presented in shows poor effort. follow. Good explanation complete, easily followed story.
of the video. Explanation
some organized manner? shows good effort. Well organized.
shows some effort.
The video has an intro and an
Intro, Outro, and Credits – Does The video either has an intro or The video has an intro and an Intro and outro add to the high
outro. It is consistent with the
your video begin and end with and outro. The intro/outro is of outro and it is of moderate level attained by this video.
rest of the video.
information to help focus the low quality. The video does not quality. Credits/citations may Credits/citations are given to
Credit/citations is given to
viewer’s attention. use credits/citations at all. or may not be present. appropriate sources.
appropriate sources.

Information –Does your video Project has problems staying Video is focused on an Video is laser focused on the
stay focused on an informative Project’s usefulness is in focused on topic. Information is informative topic. Video makes topic. The topic is very easy to
topic? Does your video provide question. Does not inform; incoherent at times. The video understanding the topic fairly understand. The video
easy to understand does not stay focused on the shows a shallow depth of accessible and easy. Video demonstrates an obvious depth
information? Does your video topic. No court case/primary knowledge on the topic. demonstrates a depth of of knowledge on the topic.
demonstrate the depth of document used in Project is researched to a knowledge on the topic. Student went beyond the scope
knowledge of the presenter? It presentation fair degree. Only one court Project is well researched. of the assignment and the hard
must include at least one case/primary source used Only one court work shows. Excellent, well
 court case or one excerpt and it was questionably case/primary document thought out explanation
from a primary source!! used or cited. semi-appropriately used. shows superior effort. More
than one court
case/primary document
appropriately used.
Creativity & Elements of Use of elements detracts from
Minimal use of design elements. Good use of graphics and/or Excellent sense of design.
Design – Is your video video. Too many or too gaudy
No transitions. Sound is lacking other design elements. Some Effective camera techniques
interesting? Did your choice of graphics; transitions, too many
or inappropriate or scratchy. transitions are inappropriately used for the video and pictures.
elements such as film clips, clips, backgrounds and/or
Some pictures or video clips placed. Sound quality is OK. Video and pictures are in focus
pictures, colors, backgrounds, sounds detract from content.
may be out of focus or ―shaky‖. Video clips or pictures are clear and of good quality. Smooth
and transitions enhance the Pictures or video clips may be
Some screens do not change and in focus. Images or transitions are appropriate and
project? Eye-catching colors out of focus or ―shaky‖. One
angles/colors/words very camera angles change every 7 aid in delivery of the
and change of image/camera image on screen for an
frequently. seconds or so. presentation.
angles every few second? elongated period of time.
The audio or video is garbled
The audio and/or video effects The audio and video effects are
Music/Sound Effects/Voice and hard to decipher. Too Audio/video effects flow
are of moderate quality. Some of acceptable quality. There
– Does the audio flow well? much background interference exceeding well and are of high
background noises not related are few distracting aspects to
Is it of high quality? and/or the video is of low quality.
to the presentation are heard. the audio/video.
quality.

F. Evaluation
Part I: Matching Vocabulary:
Direction: Choose the correct answer inside the box. Write your answer before the number, letter only.

a) Agora b) City-State c) Epic d) Comedy e) Mortal

e) Mortal
1. A public market and meeting place in ancient Athens
2. A type of play that was funny or humorous
3. Humans were considered these because they would eventually die
4. Long poems that involved heroes
5. A town which acts as a small independent nation

a) Acropolis b) Tragedy c) Alexander the Great d) Parthenon e) Democracy

6. A serious play
 7. This Macedonian leader who conquered Greece
8. A fortress on the hills of Athens that included the Parthenon.
9. The best example of Greek architecture, a temple built to honor Athena
10. A form of government in which people govern themselves (rule by the people)

Part II: Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer in the given statement. Encircle the correct answer.
1. During times of emergency in the Roman Republic, a leader could be appointed for six months to rule with absolute control. This leader was called
a?
A. Dictator B. Tribune C. Tyrant D. Consul
2. The plebeians were only able to elect tribunes after they did what?
A. Stated a formal complaint with the Magistrates
B. Seceded from the city
C. Beat them in the Colosseum
D. Build proper aqueducts
3. What were some of the reasons for the fall of Rome?
A. weak leaders who wanted too much power
B. high taxes and inflation
C. invaders attacking from outside the empire
D. all of the above
4. How were gladiator fights different from today’s professional sports?
A. gladiator fights were much deadlier
B. gladiator fights were less popular
C. gladiator fights took place in secret
D. no one was allowed to bet money on gladiator fights
5. What means ―Roman Peace‖ in Latin?
A. Veto B. Quod erat demonstrandum C. Veritas D. Pax Romana
6. During the Golden Age of Greece, Athenians made great achievements in which of the following areas?
A. The Arts and Architecture C. Theatre and Plays
B. Math and Science D. All of the above
7. What were women not allowed to do in Sparta that women could do in Athens?
A. Wear jewelry and fine clothes C. Train, wrestle and exercise
B. Own a business D. Step outside of their houses
8. . What type of government did Sparta have where a few rich families ruled?
A. Oligarchy C. Democracy
 B. Republic D. Monarchy
9. How was the Greek city states divided?
A. they were divided by their language
B. they were divided by their jobs
C. they worshipped the same Gods
D. they were divided by geographic barriers like mountains and rivers
10. Why were the Greek myths important?
A. They explained the coming of the Dark Ages in ancient Greece
B. They explained the creation of the universe and events in nature
C. They told the adventures of real people
D. They explained the coming of the Roman Empire

Part III: Short Answer and Extended Response. Answer in complete sentences.
1. Why was Athens’ democracy not a true democracy? (5 points)
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2. How did the Romans influence our government?
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Prepared by:

EDUARDO D. QUIDTA JR., M.A.Ed, M.Ed

Part Time Instructor