Transaction 1: Company A Sold Its Products at $120 and Received The Full Amount in Cash
Transaction 1: Company A Sold Its Products at $120 and Received The Full Amount in Cash
 
                    Steps                              Self-Questions                          Answers
                       2        If Company A received cash, how would this affect     Receiving cash increases
                                the cash balance?                                     the cash balance of the
                                                                                      company.
                       3        Which side of cash account represents the increase    Debit side (Left side).
                                in cash?
                       5        Which side of sales account represents the increase   Credit side (Right side).
                                in sales?
Debit Credit
                 Cash                                          120             
                      Sales                                                 120
                                                     Self-Questions                                      Answers
     Steps
       2          If Company A received supplies, how would this affect the supplies       It increases supplies balance.
                  balance?
3 Which side of supplies account represents the increase in cash? Debit side (Left side).
      6       Does the sum of debit side amounts equal to the sum of credit side      Yes.
              amounts? In other words, does this journal entry balance?
                                                                                      $50 = $50
[Journal entry to record transaction 2] 
Debit Credit
      Supplies                                      50                  
           Cash                                                        50
     Accounts have normal balances on the side where the increases in such accounts are recorded.
 
     Asset accounts have normal balances on debit side.
     Expense accounts have normal balances on debit side.
 
     Liability accounts have normal balances on credit side.
     Equity accounts have normal balances on credit side.
     Revenue accounts have normal balances on credit side.
 
     In the financial statements, accounts are reported on the sides where they have normal balances.
 
 
                                                              Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities
Owners' Equity
                                                                           
 
Income Statement
Expenses Revenues
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                                            Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Assets (Cash) by $10,000                                                                  Debit
      2     Increase in Owner's Equity by $10,000                                                                 Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                  Debit                 Credit
        Cash                                                     10,000
            Owner's Equity                                                              10,000
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                          Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Assets (Cash) by $20,000                                               Debit
      2     Increase in Liabilities (Borrowings) by $20,000                                    Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                    Debit        Credit
          Cash                                                     20,000
              Borrowings                                                         20,000
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                          Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Assets (Equipment) by $12,000                                          Debit
      2     Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $12,000                                               Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                    Debit        Credit
          Equipment                                                12,000
                Cash                                                             12,000
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                               Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Assets (Merchandise) by $6,000                                              Debit
      2     Increase in Liabilities (Accounts Payable) by $6,000                                    Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                    Debit             Credit
          Merchandise                                               6,000
                Accounts Payable                                                      6,000
   The company sold 500 units of merchandise at the price of $11,000.  Customer paid $9,000 in cash at
the time of sale.
   Analysis of Transaction
   Note:  This transaction includes both "REVENUE" and "EXPENSE" components.
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                                Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Expenses (Salaries Expense) by $3,500                                        Debit
      2     Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $3,500                                                      Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                  Debit               Credit
        Salaries Expense                                          3,500
              Cash                                                                    3,500
   Analysis of Transaction
                                                                                                         Debit or Credit ?
    Steps
      1     Increase in Expenses (Rent Expense) by $1,500                                                     Debit
      2     Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $1,500                                                               Credit
   Journal Entry
                                                                  Debit                Credit
        Rent Expense                                              1,500
              Cash                                                                     1,500
                          Accounts Receivable
                                             Credit
                      Debit
             (5)-1            2,000                     
                                                        
            Balance           2,000                     
                                                        
         
                             Merchandise
                                                Credit
              Debit
      (4)             6,000             (5)-2        5,000
                                                        
    Balance           1,000                             
                                                        
 
                             Equipment
                                                Credit
            Debit
      (3)       12,000                                     
                                                           
    Balance     12,000                                     
                                                           
 
                       Accounts Payable
                                                Credit
              Debit
                                      (4)             6,000
                                                          
                                    Balance           6,000
                                                          
 
                                Sales
                                                Credit
              Debit
                                     (5)-1           11,000
                                                         
                                    Balance          11,000
                                                         
 
                       Salaries Expense
                                                Credit
              Debit
      (6)             2,500                               
                                                        
    Balance           2,500                             
                                                        
 
                         Rent Expense
                                             Credit
              Debit
      (7)             1,500                             
                                                        
    Balance           1,500                             
                                                        
                                             Balance Sheet
                                           As of May 31, 20XX
                                                                 Liabilities and Owner's Equity
                        Assets
     Cash                                  $ 23,000          Accounts Payable             $  6,000
     Accounts Receivable                      2,000          Borrowings                     20,000
     Merchandise                              1,000         
                                                                                                      (*1
     Equipment                               12,000          Owner's Equity                12,000
                                                                                                     )
                                                                                             
                                                             Total Liabilities and
      Total Assets                         $ 38,000                                       $ 38,000     
                                                             Owner's Equity
 
                                          Income Statement
                              For the Period from May 1 to May 31, 20XX
       Revenue
             Sales                                                $ 11,000
       Total Revenue                                                                 $ 11,000
                                                                           
       Expenses                                                            
             Cost of Goods Sold                                     $ 5,000
             Salaries Expense                                         2,500
             Rent Expense                                             1,500
       Total Expenses                                                                   9,000
                                                                            
 
       Net Income                                                                     $ 2,000 (*2)
 
              (*1) Owner's Equity=Investment by Owner+Net Income=$10,000+$2,000=$12,000
              (*2)  Net Income = Total Revenue - Total Expenses = $11,000 - $9,000 = $2,000
              The following accounts have normal balances on the debit side
              1. Asset accounts
              2. Expense and loss accounts
               
               
                Increases and decreases 
               
              1. Increases in asset accounts are recorded on the debit side
              2. Decreases in asset accounts are recorded on the credit side
               
              3. Increases in expense and loss accounts are recorded on the debit side
              4. Decreases in expense and loss accounts are recorded on the credit side 
                                                            
    Examples of asset accounts
 
         Cash and cash equivalents
     
         Accounts receivable
         Notes receivable
         Interest receivable
         Rent receivable
     
         Inventories
         Merchandise
         Raw materials
         Work-in-process
         Finished goods
         Supplies
     
         Prepaid expenses
         Prepaid rent expense
         Prepaid insurance expense
         Prepaid interest expense
          
         Investment in debt and equity securities
         Trading securities
         Available-for-sale securities
         Held-to-maturity securities
          
         Property, plant and equipment
         Land
         Buildings
         Equipment
            Machinery
            Capitalized leases
            Leasehold improvements
             
            Intangible assets
            Goodwill
            Trademarks
            Patents
  
                                                            
    Examples of expense and loss accounts
 
            Cost of goods sold
     
     
            Selling, general and administrative expenses
            Salaries expense
            Advertising expense
            Rent expense
            Travel expense
            Communication expense
             
            Insurance expense
            Supplies expense
            Utilities expense
            Depreciation expense
             
            Other expenses and losses
            Interest expense
            Loss on disposal of equipment
            Income tax expense
Accounting Equation 01
3. Combined Version
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
---> Equity = Beginning Equity + Net Income
Combined version
Assets = Liabilities + Beginning Equity + Revenue - Expenses
--> $280,000 = $120,000 + $100,000 + $300,000 - $240,000
Case 1:
Assets = $12,000
Liabilities = $5,000
Equity = $7,000
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
$12,000 = $5,000 + $7,000
Practice Question 1:
Revenue = $16,000
Expenses = $10,000
Net income = Revenue - Expenses = $16,000 - $10,000 = $6,000
Practice Question 2:
Case 3:
Assets = $25,000
Liabilities = $11,000
Beginning Equity = $10,000
Revenue = $36,000
Expenses = $32,000
Assets = Liabilities + Beginning Equity + Revenue - Expenses
$25,000 = $11,000 + $10,000 + $36,000 - $32,000
Practice Question 3:
1. Liability accounts
2. Equity accounts
3. Revenue and gain accounts
 
 
  Increases and decreases 
 
1. Increases in liability accounts are recorded on the credit side
2. Decreases in liability accounts are recorded on the debit side
 
3. Increases in equity accounts are recorded on the credit side
4. Decreases in equity accounts are recorded on the debit side
 
5. Increases in revenue and gain accounts are recorded on the credit side
6. Decreases in revenue and gain are recorded on the debit side
 
                                                           
    Examples of liability accounts
 
        Accounts payable
     
        Notes payable
         
        Salaries payable
        Rent payable
        Insurance payable
        Interest payable
        Income taxes payable
        Dividends payable
         
        Unearned rent revenue
         
        Borrowings
        Short-term borrowings
        Long-term borrowings
         
        Bonds payable
        Capital lease obligations
 
                                                          
                 Examples of equity accounts
              
                      Paid-in capital
                  
                      Common stock
                      Preferred stock
                      Additional paid-in capital
                       
                      Retained earnings
              
                                                          
                                                    
     Examples of current assets
 
          Cash and cash equivalents
   
          Accounts receivable
          Notes receivable
          Interest receivable
          Rent receivable
   
          Inventories
          Merchandise
          Raw materials
          Work-in-process
          Finished goods
          Supplies
   
          Prepaid expenses
          Prepaid rent expense
          Prepaid insurance expense
          Prepaid interest expense
           
          Trading securities
          Available-for-sale securities, current
          Held-to-maturity securities, current
          Other current investments
  
                                                    
Liabilities
 
1. Liabilities are present obligations to transfer resources in the future
 
2. Such obligations are due to past transactions or events
 
3. Past, present and future
(1) due to past transactions or events
(2) present obligations
(3) future transfer of resources
 
 
  Debits and credits
 
1. Liability accounts have normal balances on the credit side
                                                             
 Practice Questions
 
Entity A has the following account balances as of December 31, 2010.
 
                                Accounts                           Balances
     
    1     Accounts payable due within a year                       $50,000
    2     Notes payable due in 2011                                $70,000
    3     Notes payable due in 2012                                $40,000
    4     Accounts receivable due within a year                    $10,000
    5     Notes receivable due in 2012                             $10,000
    6     Bonds payable due in 2015                                $80,000
    7     Income taxes payable                                     $30,000
    8     Short-term borrowings                                    $20,000
 
1. What is the amount of current liabilities?
 
                                Accounts                              Balances
    
   1     Accounts payable due within a year                            $50,000
   2     Notes payable due in 2011                                     $70,000
   7     Income taxes payable                                          $30,000
   8     Short-term borrowings                                         $20,000
         Total current liabilities                                    $170,000
 
2. What is the amount of noncurrent liabilities?
 
                                Accounts                              Balances
    
   3     Notes payable due in 2012                                    $40,000
   6     Bonds payable due in 2015                                    $80,000
          Total noncurrent liabilities                              $120,000
 
(Note) The following items are not liabilities
 
                                  Accounts                          Balances
     
    4     Accounts receivable due within a year                      $10,000
    5     Notes receivable due in 2012                               $10,000
 
Revenue
                                                               
    Examples of revenue accounts
         Sales revenue
     
         Services revenue
         Interest revenue
         Rent revenue
 
Practice Questions
                                        debit           credit
  
 Cash                                   3,600              
 Accounts receivable                    2,400              
     Sales revenue                                      6,000
                                        debit           credit
  
 Cash                                   2,400              
    Accounts receivable                                 2,400