LECTURE #2 RELATING: FRACTION, DECIMAL, PERCENT
1. Recall/ Review: Worded problem, use the jamboared in solving the problem.
a. If a class of 120 students who took the Business Math exam and ⅗ passed the
exam.What part of the class failed the exam.How many students passed and how many
failed the exam? Show your solution and explain.
b. Andre bought a lot measuring 450 square meters. If 25 square meters is allotted for a
storage room, what fraction of the entire lot is the storage room? Show your solution and
explain
2. Definition of terms:
a. Decimal- is a representation of fraction whose denominator is a multiple of 10
b. Ordering of decimal- involves comparing numerical value in each place value from left to
right.
c. Percent means”per hundred” is a representation of a fraction whose denominator is 100,
thus, expressing a number in percent is like comparing it with 100,
3. Conversion:
1.Fraction to decimal:
A. convert to an equivalent fraction whose denominator is a power of ten, then convert to
decimal.
B. Convert terminating decimal
C. Convert non-terminating decimal
2. Percent to decimal
3. Decimal to percent to fraction
Examples: Consider the table below:
Fraction Decimal Percent
2/5 0.4 40%
23/100 0.23 23%
12083/100000 0.12083 12 1/12%
23/45 0.5111 51.11/100 or 51.11%
3/8 0.375 37.5%
9/20 0.45 45%
Problems involving fractions, decimal and percent
1. If you were asked to buy 2 ½ kilos of pork which cost P275/kilo, how much should you pay and
how much will your change be if you give the cashier1000 peso bill?
2. Those seen in department stores like a shirt’s original price is P999 and there’s a 20% discount,
how much is the discount and how much is the discounted price?
3. Suppose you want to have 15 servings using a recipe that is only good for 5 servings, what must
be done?
4. In a certain grocery store, Mary is choosing between two brands of laundry detergent that would
give her a lesser cost. Brand A with a net content of 2.2kg cost P144.75 while brand B with a net
content of 900 grams cost P67.80. Which brand will Mary choose? Why?
PERCENTAGE IN BUSINESS
Percentage is the fractional portion of a whole which is called the BASE. This fractional portion
is being described by the RATE. In equation: P = B*r, the base of the comparison; the rate is the percent
indicating the number or quantity for every one hundred; while percentage refers to the fractional portion
of the base in the situation.
(study how to compute for the percentage, base and rate)
RETAIL PRICES
Formulas to be consider:
1. Markon = Selling price - Cost
Selling Price = Markon + Cost
Cost = Selling price - Markon
Example: T-shirt = P75 Markon = P20 Selling price = P95
Given: I purchased a dozen t-shirts. How much will be the profit? Determine the total cost, total selling
price.
Profit = P240 markon = P240 Total Cost = P900 Total selling price = P1140
2. Markon based on Cost = cost x markon rate
Given 1: Cost of an item = P98.50 Markon rate = 25%
Markon = P24.63
Markon rate = (Markon / Selling price)* 100%
Given 2: Markon based on cost = P65.00 Cost = P154.50
Markon rate = 42.07%
Given 3: Cost = P650 Markon rate = 12 ½% (12.5)
Markon based on cost = 81.25
3. Selling Price = Cost of the item + Markon
Cost = Selling Price - Markon
Markon = Selling Price - Cost
Given: Selling Price = P550 Cost = P390
Markon =160
4. Markon based Selling Price = Selling Price - Cost
5. Markon rate = (Markon / Selling price)*100%
Given : Selling Price = P300 Cost price = P180
Markon = P120 Markon rate = 40%
6. Markdown = Original selling price - New price
Given: Orig Price = P160 New price = P110
Markdown price = P50
Markdown rate = (Markdown price / Original selling price) * 100%
Given: Orig price = P500 New price = P350
Markdown price = 150 Markdown rate = 30%
7. Markup Price = Increased selling price - Previous selling price
Markup rate = (Markup price / Previous selling price) * 100%
Given: Previous selling price = P327 Increased selling price = P400
Markup price = P73 Markup rate = 22.32%
Application in Business problem:
A. Find the markon and the selling price
Number Cost Percent of markon based Selling price
1 P500 12% (0.12) 500.12
2 P250 15 ½% (0.155) 250.16
3 P758 14% (0.14) 758.14
4 P169.50 21 ¼% (0.2125) 169.71
5 P185 18% (0.18) 185.18
6 P800 32 ⅘% (0.238) 800.24
7 P699.50 20% (0.20) 699.70
8 P399.50 16% (0.16) 399.66
9 P450 25 ¾% (0.2575) 450.26
10 P200 28 ½% (0.285) 200.29
Cost Price Selling Price Amount of Markon Markon Rate
P200 P280 P80 28.57%
P150 P250 P100 40%
P1700 P2000 P300 15%
Worded Problem:
1. At what price should an office equipment sales representative sell a desk computer purchased at
the cost of P19, 850 and if the markon rate is 35%?
Given: Cost: P19, 850 Markon rate: 35% (0.35)
Selling price: P19850.35
2. SM bought children’s shoes at P199.95a pair. At what price should the pair of shoes be sold if the
manager wants a 30% markon rate on the cost imposed?
Given: Cost: P199.95 Markon rate: 30% (0.30)
Selling price: 200.25
3. Emy purchased ballpens at a cost of P180 a dozen. At what price will she have to sell each
ballpen in order to realize a 40% profit on cost?
B. Markdown and markdown rate
Complete the table:
Markup price = Increased selling price - Previous selling price
Markup rate = (Markup price / Previous selling price) * 100%
Markdown price = Original selling price - New price
Markdown rate = (Markdown price / Original selling price) * 100%
No Original Price Reduced Price Markdown Price Markdown Rate
1 P650 P500 P150 23.08%
2 P1,200 P950 P250 20.83%
3 P299.50 P199.50 P100 33.39%
4 P2000 P1550 P450 22.5%
5 P215.50 P194.95 P20.55 9.54%
New Selling Price Regular Selling Price Markup Price Markup Rate
1 P302.50 P250.00 P52.5 21%
2 P519.50 P450.00 P69.5 15.4%
3 P5500 P4999.50 P500.5 10.01%
4 P178.85 P149.95 P28.9 19.27%
5 P6500.00 P5999.50 P500.5 8.34%
