WEAVING DEFECTS
Categorization of Defects
Critical Defects
Major Defects
Minor Defects
Critical Defects
A critical defect is one that results in hazardous or
unsafe conditions for individuals using, maintaining,
or depending on the product or prevents
performance of a tactical function of a major end
use item.
Major defect
Major defects are those that adversely affect either
the appearance of the product or its function and
performance and, if prominently visible on the
finished product, would cause the item to be a
“second”.
Minor Defect
A defect that would not cause the product to be
termed a second either because of severity or
location.
Defects Due to Yarn
Coloured Flecks :
Presence of coloured foreign matter in the yarn.
Knots :
It occurs when broken
threads are pieced
together by improper
knotting.
Slub :
A slub is a bunch of
fibres having less twist
or no twist and has a
wider diameter
compared to normal
spun yarn.
Defects due to Weaving
Double end
When two or more ends unintentionally get woven
as one. This defect is characterized by a thick bar
running parallel to the warp.
Missing ends :
This fabric is characterized
by a gap parallel to the
warp. The number of ends
missing may be one or
more. It can not be mended.
Reed marks
A pronounced warp way crack caused by a
damaged or defective reed.
Warp streak: Streak
running in warp
direction. Group of
yarns having different
dye shades may result in
warp streak
Weft bar
An unwanted bar,
running across the full
width of a piece which
differs in appearance
from the adjacent
normal fabric.
Missing Pick-
A narrow streak running parallel with weft threads
caused due to absence of weft.
Broken Picks - This
results due to breakage
of weft yarns during
weaving.
Lashing-in
An extra piece of
yarn woven into the
fabric near the
selvedge. It can be
mended.
Gout
It results due to an
accumulation of short
fibres in the yarn and
gives a lumpy
appearance on the
fabric.
Stains
These are defects of oil,
rust, grease or other
stains found in the
fabric. Stains can be
removed with stain
remover.
Oily Warp: These are oily or soiled warp
Oily Weft : Streaks of dirty and oily weft
appearing across the width of the cloth, can be full
or partial.
Smash - It refers to the
ruptured cloth structure
created as a result of
many broken warp ends
and floating picks.
Slough Off - Bunch of weft
yarns is woven into the
fabric together due to yarn
slippage.
Tails Out - These are
untrimmed loose threads
on the selvedge due to
improper cutting
Float - Float is the
improper interlacement
of warp and weft yarns
in the fabric over a
certain area.
Snarls
A short length of yarn,
mainly the weft, which
has spontaneously
doubled back on itself
results in snarls. If low in
number it can be
mended.
Pilling
The entangling of fibres
during washing,
drycleaning or while
being worn which form
balls or pills and stand
on the surface of the
fabric.
Hole, Cut or Tear
