SMK TAMAN UNIVERSITI

JOHOR BAHRU

NAMA: MUHAMMAD HUZAIFAH BIN AZMAN

TINGKATAN: 1KAA1
TAJUK FOLIO: AIR POLLUTION
 CONTENT:

*Introduction
*Type of air pollution
*Source of air pollution
*Steps to control air pollution
*Air pollutant
 Introduction: Air Pollution

The term "air pollution" is used to describe substances that are

artificially introduced into the air. Air pollution stems from gases and
airborne particles which, in excess, are harmful to human health,
buildings and ecosystems.
Four major impacts determine the classification of pollutants under
the traditional policy field Air Pollution :

 the acidification of soil and water by pollutants such as sulphur

oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia;
 the damage to buildings sensitive to the same acidifying
substances;
 the formation of tropospheric ozone from so-called ozone
precursors, e.g. volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and
carbon monoxide which indirectly affect human and animal
health and vegetation;
 direct effects on human health and ecosystems e.g. through high
atmospheric concentrations of particles, and VOCs.
 Steps to control air pollution

The fact is that human activities contribute the most to air

pollution. Considering the harmful effects of air pollution, now
it is very essential that everyone should contribute a bit to
prevent air pollution. There are certain ways that one can help to
reduce the emission of air pollutants in the atmosphere.
Following are some tips for preventing air pollution:

Car Pool: Forming and implementing a car pool will reduce the

number of cars, thereby, preventing air pollution by cutting
down the use of fossil fuels. This way, it will help in the
sustainable use of fossil fuel and its conservation for the future
generations.

Vehicle Care: Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a

good condition and also minimizes fuel exhaust. Driving the car
at an average speed and turning off in traffic is a key to
save fuel. Make sure to use unleaded petrol and opt for regular
pollution checking of your car. 

Public Transport: Whenever possible, try to travel by public

transports. This helps in two ways; prevents air pollution and
increases public income. If you are going to a nearby place, go
by walking or use bicycle, instead of using your vehicle. The
objective is to minimize the use of fuels, as far as possible. 
Alternative Energy Source: Another effective way to prevent
air pollution is to use alternative energy sources such as solar
energy, hydroelectric energy and wind energy. Nowadays,
sophisticated technologies such as wind turbine, solar water
heaters are introduced to generate electricity and other energy
forms for the household use. 

Saving Energy: Saving energy will, of course, help to prevent

air pollution. Switch off the lights, fans, air conditioners,
televisions, and other appliances, when not in use. You can also
share a room with others when the air conditioner or fan is on,
instead of switching them on in every room. 

Minimize Air Pollutants: Always try to minimize smoke

emission, as it can contribute to air pollution. One way is to
compost dried leaves and kitchen waste, instead of burning
them. Composting will also give you organic fertilizer for your
garden. While buying the products, always choose air-friendly
and recyclable products that will minimize the emission of
pollutants. 

Social awareness about air pollution is the most essential step to

be taken for the prevention of air pollution. Awareness programs
and/or advertisements should be encouraged, so that people
understand the potential health hazards of air pollution.
Improvement of transport facilities and proper use of land for
the sake of social benefits are equally important for controlling
air pollution.
 Source of air pollution

Sources of air pollution refer to the various locations, activities or factors which
are responsible for the releasing of pollutants in the atmosphere. These sources
can be classified into two major categories which are:
Anthropogenic sources (human activity) mostly related to burning different
kinds of fuel

 "Stationary Sources" include smoke stacks of power plants,

manufacturing facilities (factories) and waste incinerators, as well as
furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices

 "Mobile Sources" include motor vehicles, marine vessels, aircraft and the

effect of sound etc.

 Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and forestry

management. Controlled or prescribed burning is a technique sometimes
used in forest management, farming, prairie restoration or greenhouse gas
abatement. Fire is a natural part of both forest and grassland ecology and
controlled fire can be a tool for foresters. Controlled burning stimulates the
germination of some desirable forest trees, thus renewing the forest.

 Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents

 Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane. Methane is not

toxic; however, it is highly flammable and may form explosive mixtures
with air. Methane is also an asphyxiant and may displace oxygen in an
enclosed space. Asphyxia or suffocation may result if the oxygen
concentration is reduced to below 19.5% by displacement

 Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ

warfare and rocketry
Natural sources

 Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no

vegetation.
 Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle.
 Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's crust. Radon is a
colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that is formed
from the decay of radium. It is considered to be a health hazard. Radon gas
from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined
areas such as the basement and it is the second most frequent cause of lung
cancer, after cigarette smoking.

 Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.
 Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally significant amounts
of VOCs on warmer days. These VOCs react with primary anthropogenic
pollutants—specifically, NOx, SO2, and anthropogenic organic carbon
compounds—to produce a seasonal haze of secondary pollutants.
 Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.
 Air pollutant

An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm
to humans and the environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid
particles, liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or
man-made.
 Type of air pollution

Types of Air Pollution

Based on the possible reasons, air pollution could be classified into
 Accidental air pollution
 Industrial air pollution
 Transport related air pollution
 Dwelling related air pollution
Accidental air pollution
is further classified into:
Air pollution
 by forest fires
 by accidents to petroleum mass transport vehicles
 by leakage, blasts in industries
Industrial air pollution
can be
Pollution
 from thermal power plants
 due to chemical fertilizers, food, pesticide and pharmaceutical
industries
 due to cement, steel, paper, sugar industries
 due to textile and textile related industries
 due to petroleum and other industries
 due to atomic units
Transport related air pollution
can be
Pollution
 due to all types of terrestrial transport system
 due to urban transport system
 due to other modes of transport
Dwelling related air pollution
can be
Pollution
 due to use of aerosols
 due to high density of population
 due to waste disposal system