PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD 970:2005

Incorporating
Corrigendum No. 1

Wrought steels for

mechanical and allied
engineering
purposes —
Requirements for
carbon, carbon
manganese and alloy
hot worked or cold
finished steels

ICS 77.140.20

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PD 970:2005

Committees responsible for this

Published Document
The preparation of this Published Document was entrusted to Technical
Committee ISE/31, Wrought steels, upon which the following bodies were
represented:
Confederation of British Metalforming
Institute of Spring Technology
National Association of Steel Stockholders
Society of Motor Manufacturer’s and Traders Association
UK Steel Association
Co-opted members

This Published Document was

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
31 January 2005

© BSI 18 May 2005

First published November 2001

Second edition January 2005
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

15637 18 May 2005 Correction to Table 7,

The following BSI reference Corrigendum No. 1 (Column heading Impact KCV min)
relates to the work on this
Published Document:
Committee reference ISE/31

ISBN 0 580 44904 1

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 PD 970:2005

Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword iii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 2
4 Designation 2
5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 3
6 Manufacturing process 4
7 Requirements 4
8 Inspection and testing 9
9 Marking 12
10 Specific requirements for hot rolled or normalized or softened steels
and for steels supplied as cold finished bar 12
11 Specific requirements for quenched and tempered steels including
steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding for special
applications 25
12 Specific requirements for case hardening steels 30
13 Specific requirements for tolerances 32
14 Cut end condition 36
Annex A (informative) Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983,
PD 970:2005 and current nationally adopted European Standards 37
Bibliography 43

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Figure 1 — Types of deviation from square
Figure 2 — Edge camber of wide flats
Table 1 — Permitted variations of product analysis from specified range
34
35
6
Table 2 — Reference symbols for tensile strength ranges of hardened and
tempered material 7
Table 3 — Surface quality classes for cold finished products
(excluding flats) 9
Table 4 — Surface quality classes for cold finished flat bars examined
by visual inspection 9
Table 5 — Hot rolled or normalized or softened steels: chemical
composition and mechanical property requirements 13
Table 6 — Normalizing requirements 14
Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and
mechanical property requirements 15
Table 8 — Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface
hardening by nitriding: chemical composition and mechanical property
requirements 25
Table 9 — Quenched and tempered steels: heat treatment and maximum
hardness requirements in the softened condition 29
Table 10 — Hardenability requirements for 708H37 30

© BSI 18 May 2005 i

PD 970:2005

Page
Table 11 — Case hardening alloy steels: chemical composition and
hardenability requirements 30
Table 12 — Case hardening carbon manganese and low alloy steels:
chemical composition and mechanical property requirements 31
Table 13 — Case hardening steels: heat treatment and maximum hardness
requirements 32
Table 14 — Thickness tolerances for wide flats 33
Table 15 — Deviation from squareness of edges for wide flats 34
Table 16 — Tolerances for hot rolled round, square and hexagon bars
suitable for cold finishing 36
Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005
and current nationally adopted European Standards 37

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 PD 970:2005

Foreword

This Published Document has been prepared by Technical Committee ISE/31.

It supersedes PD 970:2001, which is withdrawn.
Some errors in PD 970:2001 have been corrected and some steel grades that are
in regular use in the UK have been introduced as they did not have equivalents
in the newly published European Standards and the withdrawal of BS 970 in
which they were listed had resulted in them not being identified within any
current document.
BS 970-1:1996 is to be withdrawn and has been largely replaced by
BS EN 10083:1991 (soon to be revised), BS EN 10084:1998, BS EN 10087:1999,
BS EN 10088:1995, BS EN 10095:1999 and BS EN 10250-4:2000.
BS 970-2:1988 is withdrawn and has been replaced by BS EN 10089:2002.
BS 970-3:1991 is withdrawn and has been replaced by BS EN 10277:1999
and BS EN 10278:1999. BS 970-4 is withdrawn and has been replaced by
BS EN 10090:1998.
The series of European Standards listed below covers heat treatable and
engineering steels for both black and cold finished bar that were present
in BS 970-1:1996 and BS 970-3:1991, or other European Standards.
Steel grades
BS EN 10083-1, Quenched and tempered steels — Part 1: Technical delivery
conditions for special steels.
BS EN 10083-2, Quenched and tempered steels — Part 2: Technical delivery
conditions for unalloyed quality steels.
BS EN 10083-3, Quenched and tempered steels — Part 3: Technical delivery
conditions for boron steels.

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BS EN 10084, Case hardening steels — Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10085, Nitriding steels — Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10087, Free cutting steels — Technical delivery conditions for
semi-finished products, hot rolled bars and rods.
BS EN 10088-1, Stainless steels — Part 1: List of stainless steels.
BS EN 10088-3, Stainless steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
semi-finished products, bars, rods and sections for general purposes.
BS EN 10089, Hot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs —
Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10090, Valve steels and alloys for internal combustion engines.
BS EN 10095, Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys.
BS EN 10250-2, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes —
Part 2: Non-alloy quality and special steels.
BS EN 10250-3, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes —
Part 3: Alloy special steels.
BS EN 10250-4, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes —
Part 4: Stainless steels.
BS EN 10267, Ferritic-pearlitic steels for precipitation hardening from hot
working temperatures.

© BSI 18 May 2005 iii

PD 970:2005

BS EN 10277-1, Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions —

Part 1: General.
BS EN 10277-2, Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions —
Part 2: Steels for general engineering purposes.
BS EN 10277-3, Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions —
Part 3: Free-cutting steels.
BS EN 10277-4, Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions —
Part 4: Case-hardening steels.
BS EN 10277-5, Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions —
Part 5: Steels for quenching and tempering.
BS EN ISO 683-17, Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels —
Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels.
Dimensions, tolerances and surface quality
BS EN 10058, Hot rolled flat steel bars for general purposes — Dimensions and
tolerances on shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10059, Hot rolled square steel bars for general purposes —
Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10060, Hot rolled round steel bars — Dimensions and tolerances on
shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10061, Hot rolled hexagon steel bars — Dimensions and tolerances on
shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10092-1, Hot rolled spring steel flat bars — Part 1: Flat bars —
Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10092-2, Hot rolled spring steel flat bars — Part 2: Ribbed and grooved
spring leaves — Dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions.

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BS EN 10221, Specification for surface quality classes for hot rolled bars and
rods — Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10250-1, Open die steel forgings for general engineering purposes —
Part 1: General requirements.
BS EN 10278, Dimensions and tolerances of bright steel products.
BS EN 20286-2, ISO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard
tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts.
UK Steel Standard UKS01, Semi-finished steel products for the manufacture of
hot rolled bar, rod and sections1)[1].
Any steel grade that has previously appeared in BS 970:1983 and is now specified
as an equivalent grade in one of the above European Standards is
cross-referenced in Annex A which is informative.
This Published Document is not to be regarded as a British Standard.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer
immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 43 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.

1) UKS01 is available from UK Steel, EEF, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London SW1H 9NQ.

iv © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

1 Scope
This Published Document specifies the technical purchase and supply requirements for the following
wrought semi-finished products manufactured from a range of carbon, carbon manganese, low alloy,
free-cutting, case-hardening and through hardened steels for the following special applications:
— blooms;
— billets;
— slabs;
— bars;
— rod;
— flats and wide flats.
NOTE These wrought steels may be supplied in the hot formed condition or as thermally treated black bar. Cold finished bar may
be subjected to pre- or post-thermal treatment.
It does not specify any boron, micro-alloyed, stainless steels or any products delivered as forgings, which
are all covered by other standards (see Foreword).
It does not apply to direct cast products.
PD 970 is presented in the style of a European Standard and references other European Standards
(e.g. test methods) wherever possible. The traditional seven digit alphanumeric UK designation is
maintained, though it is important to note that the “A”, “M” and “H” system (nominally representing
Analysis, Mechanical and Hardenability) should not be confused with other nomenclature. This applies
equally to the conventional tensile strength range designations, namely P through to Z which are still used
in this document.
Certain other aspects such as requirements for steelmaking, deoxidation and grain size have been revised

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to reflect modern technology.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
BS 131-1, Notched bar tests — Part 1: The Izod impact test of metals.
BS EN 10002-1, Tensile testing of metallic materials — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature.
BS EN 10020, Definition and classification of grades of steel.
BS EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products.
BS EN 10045-1, Charpy impact test on metallic materials — Part 1: Test method (V- and U-notches).
BS EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products.
BS EN 10058, Hot rolled flat steel bars for general purposes — Dimensions and tolerances on shape and
dimensions.
BS EN 10059, Hot rolled square steel bars for general purposes — Dimensions and tolerances on shape and
dimensions.
BS EN 10060, Hot rolled round steel bars for general purposes — Dimensions and tolerances on shape and
dimensions.
BS EN 10061, Hot rolled hexagonal steel bars for general purposes — Dimensions and tolerances on shape
and dimensions.
BS EN 10079, Definition of steel products.
BS EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents.
BS EN 10278, Dimensions and tolerances of bright steel products.
BS EN 20286-2:1993, ISO system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit
deviations for holes and shafts.
BS EN ISO 642, Steel hardenability test by end quenching (Jominy test).

© BSI 18 May 2005 1

PD 970:2005

BS EN ISO 643, Steels – Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size.

BS EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method.
BS EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method.
BS EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T).
DD ENV 606, Bar coded transport and handling labels for steel products.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this Published Document the terms and definitions given in BS EN 10020,
BS EN 10021, BS EN 10052 and BS EN 10079 and the following apply.
3.1
ruling section
equivalent diameter of that portion of a product at the time of heat treatment that is most important in
relation to mechanical properties
3.2
limiting ruling section
largest diameter in which certain specified mechanical properties are achieved after a specified heat
treatment
3.3
equivalent diameter
diameter at the time of heat treatment of a hypothetical very long bar, effectively of infinite length and

NOTE 1
NOTE 2
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uniform circular cross-section, which, if subjected to the same cooling conditions as the product would have
a cooling rate at its axis equivalent to that at the slowest cooling position in the product or relevant part
This definition applies to any product or part of a product.
The same cooling conditions means the same initial and final temperature and the same cooling medium.

4 Designation
The steel grades shall be designated in accordance with the system used previously in BS 970. “A” grades
shall refer to close limits of chemical composition where no mechanical properties or hardenability are
required. “M” and “H” grades shall refer to mechanical and hardenability requirements which are specified
in combination with a chemical composition which may be wider than that given for “A” grades.
NOTE Material may be ordered and supplied without heat treatment where appropriate test pieces have been heat treated and
tested to prove the capability of the material to meet the required properties.
Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry or order the products shall be delivered in the untreated,
i.e. hot worked condition.

2 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

5 Information to be supplied by the purchaser

5.1 Mandatory information to be supplied at the time of enquiry and order
The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order:
a) the quantity to be delivered, e.g. 2 t;
b) the shape of the product, e.g. round, hexagon, flat;
c) the dimensions and tolerances on dimensions and shape;
d) the number of this Published Document (PD 970:2005);
e) the intended application of the product and, where known, its intended end use;
f) the steel grade;
g) if ordered in accordance with the mechanical property requirements of 10.1, the limiting ruling section
required for non free cutting steels (see Table 5);
h) if ordered in accordance with the requirements of 10.2, the condition, the size, and where appropriate,
the tensile strength ranges required (see Table 7);
i) if ordered in accordance with the mechanical property requirements of Clause 11, the ruling section
and tensile strength ranges required (see Table 8);
j) if ordered in accordance with the hardenability requirements of Clauses 11 or 12, the hardness value(s)
at the required distance(s) (see Table 10 and Table 11);
k) the delivery condition of the material to be supplied (see 6.3).
5.2 Options
A number of options are defined in this document and listed below. If the purchaser does not indicate his
wish to implement one or more of these options, the supplier shall supply in accordance with the basic

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specification of this Published Document (see 5.1):
a) any requirement on steelmaking process (see 6.1);
b) any requirement on re-melted steel (see 6.1);
c) any requirement on deoxidation (see 6.2);
d) any requirement concerning minimum reduction ratio of rolled products (see 6.3.2);
e) any requirement for the sulfur content if different from the standard limits (see 7.1.2);
f) if a steel containing lead (or other element having similar effect) is required (see 7.1.3);
g) any additional cast/product analysis (see 7.1.5);
h) size of test bar (see 7.2.1);
i) any special requirement on grain size and the method of measurement (see 7.3.1);
j) any special requirement concerning determination of non-metallic inclusion content (see 7.3.2);
k) any requirement on shearability for billets, slabs and bars;
l) any requirement for internal soundness (see 7.4);
m) any requirements relating to surface quality, surface defects and their removal (see 7.5.1 for hot
rolled products and 7.5.2 for cold finished products);
n) any requirement concerning suitability of bars, flats and rod for cold finishing (see 7.5.1.2);
o) any requirement on surface removal for subsequent plating (see 7.5.2.2);
p) any requirement on decarburization (see 7.6);
q) whether Izod impact is required (see 8.2.2);
r) location of test pieces (see 8.2.4.2);
s) any requirement on the type of inspection document, in accordance with BS EN 10204 (see 8.5);
t) any requirements concerning special marking of the products (see Clause 9);
u) tolerances for semi finished product (see 13.1);
v) whether sawn ends are required (see 14).

© BSI 18 May 2005 3

PD 970:2005

6 Manufacturing process
6.1 Melting process
The primary melting process shall be via the EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) or BOS (Basic Oxygen
Steelmaking) route at the steelmaker’s discretion. The mixed air, open hearth and Bessemer processes
shall not be used.
NOTE Steelmaking and refining may be carried out in a ladle or ladle furnace. Additional remelting processes [using VAR
(Vacuum Arc Remelting) and ESR (Electro Slag Remelting)] may be specified at the time of enquiry and order.

6.2 Deoxidation
The steels covered by this Published Document (including substitutes for those traditionally produced as
rimming, balanced or semi-killed) shall be killed.
NOTE They are generally produced by continuous casting, although killed ingot steels may be supplied.
Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the killing technique shall be left to the
discretion of the steelmaker.
6.3 Condition of material on delivery
6.3.1 General
Blooms, billets, slabs, black bars and rod shall be supplied as rolled or as forged unless otherwise agreed
at the time of enquiry and order.
Cold finished bars shall be supplied in the condition stated on the order.
Normalized or quenched and tempered bars, including those that are subsequently cold drawn, shall be
supplied to the specified mechanical properties and in the condition stated in the order.

enquiry and order.

6.3.2 Reduction ratio ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ

NOTE Material used in the non heat treated condition may be supplied to Brinell hardness values, by agreement at the time of

Where central soundness in the end product is important, the supplier shall make the purchaser aware in
writing that a minimum reduction ratio of 4:1 from the cast product (based on cross-sectional area) is
required.
NOTE For hot rolled or forged bar products a minimum reduction ratio can be agreed.

6.4 Heat treatment

The heat treatment to be given to the test bars and to material required in the finally heat treated condition
shall be as specified in Table 6, Table 9 and Table 13. Where applicable, a suitable quenchant shall be used
and the quench media reported to the purchaser.

7 Requirements
7.1 Chemical composition
7.1.1 Composition ranges
The chemical composition of the steel, based on cast analysis, shall conform to the requirements of the
appropriate material specification as given in the relevant tables:
— Table 5: Hot rolled or normalized or softened steels;
— Table 7: Cold finished bar;
— Table 8: Quenched and tempered steels including nitriding grades;
— Table 10: 708H37;
— Table 11: Case hardening alloy steels with hardenability requirements;
— Table 12: Case hardening carbon manganese and low alloy steels with mechanical property
requirements.

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 PD 970:2005

7.1.2 Sulfur and phosphorus contents

Carbon, carbon manganese and low alloy steels shall be supplied with sulfur and phosphorus contents
of 0.035 % maximum unless otherwise specified at the time of enquiry and order [see 5.2e)].
NOTE 1 If specified at the time of enquiry and order, a sulfur range, e.g. 0.020 % to 0.040 % may be specified to improve
machinability (see 7.1.3).
NOTE 2 Where specifically ordered, a lower content of sulfur and phosphorus, with each element at 0.025 % maximum, may be
supplied. This is recommended for certain alloy nitriding steels and for tensile strengths of 1 225 MPa and greater. Other limits may
be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

7.1.3 Steels with improved machinability characteristics

Steels containing lead may be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier at the time
of enquiry and order. Where leaded steels are to be supplied, if a specific lead range is not requested by the
purchaser the lead content shall be not less than 0.12 % and not greater than 0.35 % on the cast analysis,
and shall be evenly and finely distributed.
The supplier shall ensure that the addition of any other elements such as calcium, bismuth, selenium and
tellurium, which may be added to improve machinability properties of certain steels, is agreed at the time
of enquiry and order.
7.1.4 Residual elements
Elements not specified in the specification(s) called up by the order shall not be added to the steel without
the agreement of the purchaser, other than for the purpose of finishing the heat or to achieve anticipated
or specified properties.
In carbon, carbon manganese and alloy steels, the following maxima shall be considered as incidental:
chromium (Cr) 0.40 %, nickel (Ni) 0.40 %, copper (Cu) 0.40 %, molybdenum (Mo) 0.10 %.

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NOTE In addition, at the time of enquiry and order, a limit can be agreed on the maximum combination of copper and tin.
For example, the percentage of copper plus ten times the percentage of tin to be a maximum of 0.60.

7.1.5 Product analysis

The permissible deviations in the product analysis in relation to the specified limits for cast analysis shall
be as specified in Table 1.
NOTE The purchaser can specify at the time of enquiry and order that the chemical composition on product analysis needs to be
verified.

© BSI 18 May 2005 5

PD 970:2005

Table 1 — Permitted variations of product analysis from specified range

Element Permissible maximum content in the Permissible deviationa
cast analysis
C k0.30 ±0.02
>0.30, k0.50 ±0.03
>0.50, k1.05 ±0.04
Si k0.40 ±0.03
Mn k1.00 ±0.04
>1.00, k1.70 ±0.06
P k0.025 ±0.005
>0.025, k0.040 ±0.006
>0.040, k0.060 ±0.008
S k0.025 ±0.005
>0.025, k0.040 ±0.006
>0.040, k0.060 ±0.008
>0.060, k0.10 ±0.010
>0.10, k0.30 ±0.03
Cr k2.00 ±0.05
>2.00, k3.50 ±0.10
Mo k0.30 ±0.03
>0.30, k0.65 ±0.04
Ni

a
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k2.00
>2.00, k5.00
±0.05
±0.07
“±” means that in one cast the deviation may occur over the upper value or under the lower value of the specified ranges but not
both at the same time.

7.2 Mechanical properties

7.2.1 General
For through hardened steels, the mechanical properties attainable from any steel composition and heat
treatment shall be dependent on the ruling section.
The individual steel specifications of this Published Document show the limiting ruling section to which
the stated mechanical properties apply, and the purchaser shall select a steel which is specified to give the
required properties in the appropriate ruling section at the time of heat treatment.
Because of the effect of section size, the properties for carbon and carbon manganese case-hardening steels
are given for different test bar sizes in the oil-quenched condition, i.e. 13 mm, 19 mm and 29 mm, however
the 19 mm size shall be used except by agreement.
When “M” grade steels are ordered, the properties given shall be for a test bar of 19 mm.
NOTE 1 It is customary to test steel to specified mechanical properties using a standard size of test bar.
NOTE 2 For alloy case hardening steels, verification of hardenability can be provided by calculation or by testing at the supplier’s
discretion. Hardenability bands for these steels are included in Clause 12. These hardenability bands may be used as a guide to
estimate the tensile strength of a ruling section at the time of heat treatment.
NOTE 3 All the specified mechanical properties in this Published Document refer to tests taken in the longitudinal direction.

7.2.2 Reference symbols for tensile strength ranges of quenched and tempered material
The various tensile ranges for the different specifications shall be designated with the reference
symbols P to Z, as given in Table 2.

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 PD 970:2005

Table 2 — Reference symbols for tensile strength ranges of hardened and tempered material
Reference symbol Tensile strength
MPa
P 550 to 700
Q 625 to 775
R 700 to 850
S 775 to 925
T 850 to 1 000
U 925 to 1 075
V 1 000 to 1 150
W 1 075 to 1 225
X 1 150 to 1 300
Y 1 225 to 1 375
Z 1 550 minimum
NOTE 1 This method of specifying tensile strength is different to that used in all European Standards where properties for
different section thicknesses are specified.
NOTE 2 It is important to note that these letters should not be confused with the letters used in European steel designations as
given in BS EN 10027-1.

7.3 Technological properties

7.3.1 Structure and grain size
Steels shall be supplied either coarse or fine grained at the supplier’s discretion unless agreed otherwise at

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the time of enquiry and order.
NOTE Fine grained steels are normally produced by aluminium (Al) treatment though other methods may be used.
The hardenability (for H grades) and impact toughness (where specified for M grades) specified in this
document shall apply only to aluminium treated fine grained steels.
If a coarse grained steel is required, any associated hardenability, toughness or impact property
requirements shall be agreed separately.
Case carburizing steels shall be supplied fine grained (aluminium treated) unless specifically ordered
otherwise.
Aluminium treated steels shall be considered fine grained if the total Al content is 0.015 % or greater.
However, in cases of dispute, or when specifically requested, the grain size shall be measured in accordance
with BS EN ISO 643.
7.3.2 Cleanliness
If required, specifications for the degree of freedom from non-metallic inclusions and their methods of
determination shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier in writing at the time of enquiry and
order.
7.4 Internal soundness
Requirements for internal soundness shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier in writing at the
time of enquiry and order.
7.5 Surface finish and quality
7.5.1 Hot rolled products
7.5.1.1 Surface finish
All products shall have a finish appropriate to the manufacturing processes applied.
NOTE Minor surface imperfections, which may occur under normal manufacturing conditions, may be present.

© BSI 18 May 2005 7

PD 970:2005

7.5.1.2 Surface quality

Where appropriate, requirements relating to the surface quality of the products shall be agreed in writing
at the time of enquiry and order.
If suitability for cold finishing is required, this shall be agreed in writing at the time of enquiry and order.
The permissible defect depth, and when appropriate the method of removal, shall be agreed in writing at
the time of enquiry and order.
Surface defects shall not be removed from the wrought product by scarfing or repaired by welding.
NOTE 1 Scarfing of semi-finished products may be used providing it is not deleterious to the product.
NOTE 2 It is more difficult to detect and eliminate surface discontinuities from coiled products than from cut lengths. This should
be taken into account when agreements on surface quality are made.

7.5.2 Cold finished products

7.5.2.1 General
Precision ground bars shall include bars supplied in the hot rolled and ground, cold drawn and ground or
turned and ground conditions.
NOTE 1 Cold finished steel bars are processed from the hot worked, normalized or heat treated condition to achieve a bright surface
with greater dimensional accuracy.
NOTE 2 Machining and/or grinding reduces or removes decarburization and also surface irregularities.

7.5.2.2 Surface finish

Drawn products shall have a smooth, bright surface. Products in the final heat treated condition shall be
free from loose surface scale but their surface might be discoloured.

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Isolated pores, pits and grooves can be present but in the case of rounds, their depth shall not exceed 50 %
of the ordered tolerance class measured on the actual diameter.
NOTE For hexagons, squares and flats one cannot achieve (for manufacturing reasons) the same quality of surface finish as for
rounds.
The depth of surface imperfections shall not be greater than ISO-tolerance h11 of BS EN 20286-2:1993
measured on the actual size.
Material requiring subsequent plating shall be subjected to surface removal, as agreed at the time of
enquiry and order.
7.5.2.3 Surface quality
Since surface defects cannot be completely avoided in the manufacture of hot rolled products and since they
are retained when drawing, the manufacturer shall ensure that agreements regarding surface quality shall
be made.
The surface quality of the products shall be one of the classes according to Table 3 or Table 4 as appropriate.
NOTE 1 If agreed at the time of enquiry or order, crack detection can be carried out to an agreed surface quality standard.
For Table 3 or Table 4 products, if there is no agreement at the time of enquiry or order, the supplier shall
deliver in accordance with surface quality Class 1.
NOTE 2 As surface defects cannot be eliminated without removal of material, it is recommended that a minimum stock removal
of 2 % per side be removed.
Products in the “technically defect free by manufacture” condition shall only be available in the machined
or machined and ground conditions.
7.6 Decarburization levels
Levels of decarburization and their method of measurement (e.g. BS EN ISO 3887) shall be specified by the
purchaser at the time of enquiry and order.

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 PD 970:2005

Table 3 — Surface quality classes for cold finished products (excluding flats)
Class Permissible defect deptha Product formb
Rounds Squares Hexagons
1 Max. 0.3 mm for d k 15 mm + + +
Max. 0.02 d for 15 < d k 100 mm
2 Max. 0.2 mm for d k 20 mm + +c +c
Max. 0.01 d for 20 < d k 75 mm
Max. 0.75 mm for d > 75 mm
3 Technically defect free by manufacture +d +d –
a d is the nominal diameter of bar or distance across flats for squares and hexagons.
b “+” indicates available in these classes; “–” indicates not available in these classes.
c Eddy current crack detection is not possible for all sizes in this class.
d Material normally produced by surface removal.

Table 4 — Surface quality classes for cold finished flat bars examined by visual inspection
Class 1 Class 2
Wider or flat face Narrower or edge face Wider or flat face Narrower or edge face
Maximum defect depth Maximum defect depth Maximum defect depth Maximum defect depth
0.2 mm on thicknesses up 1.0 % of ordered width. 0.15 mm on thicknesses 0.75 % of ordered width.
to and including 20 mm, up to and including
then 1.0 % on 20 mm, then 0.75 % on
thicknesses over 20 mm. thicknesses over 20 mm.

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8 Inspection and testing
8.1 Tensile strength of 1 225 MPa or greater
Where the tensile strength of alloy steel is specified as 1 225 MPa minimum or higher
(e.g. conditions Y or Z), the test bar shall be machined to test piece size, plus a grinding allowance if
required, before heat treatment. In such cases, the properties obtained shall be representative of those
parts that are heat treated in the same ruling section as that of the test piece, and shall not represent larger
ruling sections.
8.2 Selection and preparation of test bars for tensile and impact tests
8.2.1 Material not supplied in the finally heat treated condition
Where the ruling section of the material does not differ appreciably from that of the parts to be produced,
test samples shall be taken directly from the material and heat treated in the original size. Alternatively,
when it is considered either by the purchaser or supplier that the results of heat treating in the original
size would not be representative of the properties that would be obtained on the parts to be produced, test
samples shall be forged and/or machined to test bars of a diameter (or equivalent diameter) corresponding
to the ruling section of the parts at the time of heat treatment.
For the purpose of subsequent orders, these tests shall be taken as representing all sizes of material from
the same cast where the ruling section of the parts does not exceed the ruling section of the test bar already
tested.
8.2.2 Bars for machining supplied in the finally heat treated or cold drawn condition
The samples shall be cut from the heat treated bars or cold drawn bars and shall not be further heat treated
or mechanically worked after their removal.
One tensile test and, where relevant, three Charpy 2 mm V-notch impact tests shall be taken from each
batch of bars of similar size from the same cast and heat treated together, when applicable.
NOTE The Izod impact test may be used instead of the Charpy V-notch test.

© BSI 18 May 2005 9

PD 970:2005

8.2.3 Steels for case hardening

8.2.3.1 Size of test bar
The test bar size for all apart from carbon and carbon manganese steels shall be 19 mm in diameter.
NOTE For carbon and carbon manganese steels the standard test bar size is 19 mm but 13 mm or 29 mm diameter test bars may
be used by agreement.

8.2.3.2 Selection of samples

One test sample shall be selected to represent each cast. If the size of the test sample is greater than the
specified test bar size, test bars shall be prepared by forging and/or machining to that size; but for sizes
smaller than 13 mm diameter, the test bar shall be heat treated in the full section of the sample.
NOTE 1 The properties specified in Clause 12 apply only to ruling sections equivalent to the preferred test bars. When components
of different ruling section are carburized and heat treated, different core properties might be obtained.
NOTE 2 Attention is also drawn to the influence of several factors such as steel composition, ruling section and heat treatment, on
the hardness of the case. For example, even if a low core strength suffices it might be necessary to use an alloy steel for acceptable
case hardenability of the largest section sizes.

8.2.3.3 Heat treatment of test bars

8.2.3.3.1 Carbon and carbon manganese steels
Carbon and carbon manganese steel test bars shall be blank carburized for at least one hour at the
hardening temperature given in Table 13, (900 °C to 930 °C) and quenched in a suitable quenchant.
8.2.3.3.2 Alloy steels
Alloy steel test bars shall be blank carburized for at least one hour at a temperature between 880 °C
and 930 °C. After cooling to room temperature, they shall be reheated to the single quenching temperature,

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as stated in Table 13, and quenched in a suitable quenchant.
8.2.4 Location of test pieces for mechanical testing
8.2.4.1 General
In the general case where longitudinal tests are required, the test piece shall be prepared in accordance
with the following.
a) For ruling sections up to and including 25 mm, the test piece shall be machined coaxially from the test
bars.
b) For ruling sections over 25 mm, the longitudinal axis of the test pieces shall be 12.5 mm from the
surface of the test bars.
8.2.4.2 Transverse and other tests
When transverse tests or tests in other directions are required, the location of the test pieces and values
for mechanical properties shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry
and order.
8.3 Frequency of other tests
8.3.1 Number of hardness tests
The supplier shall carry out a minimum of one test per rolled or heat treated batch in accordance with the
relevant clauses of this Published Document.
NOTE The supplier should carry out sufficient testing to ensure that material conforms to the specified hardness.

8.3.2 Number of hardenability tests

If testing is required, one test sample representing the full cross-section of the material shall be selected to
represent each cast. This shall be reduced by forging or rolling to a size not greater than 38 mm diameter.
The test bar shall also be of sufficient size to ensure the complete removal of decarburization in machining
to the standard test piece of 25 mm diameter.
NOTE Unless otherwise agreed the hardenability measurements may be determined by calculation.

10 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

8.3.3 Number of grain size tests

When a grain controlled steel is required and verification is requested, one test sample for the
determination of austenitic grain size shall be selected to represent each cast.
8.4 Test methods and test results
8.4.1 Tensile test
The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 10002-1.
In cases of dispute, tensile test pieces shall be machined from blooms, billets, slabs, and bars to the
dimensions of the 11.28 mm diameter (100 mm2 cross-sectional area) test piece or, if the test bar is too
small, to the dimensions of the largest recommended round test piece that can be obtained having a gauge
length equal to 5.65ÆS0 where S0 is the original cross-sectional area in mm2.
8.4.2 Impact tests
8.4.2.1 The Charpy V-notch impact test shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN 10045-1. The Izod
impact test shall be carried out in accordance with BS 131-1.
8.4.2.2 The average value of the results obtained for three notches shall conform to the relevant
requirements of the material specifications.
NOTE One individual value may be below the specified value, provided it is not less than 70 % of that value.

8.4.3 Hardness tests

The hardness test shall be carried out using one of the following methods.
a) The Brinell method in accordance with BS EN ISO 6506-1 using, where possible, a 10 mm diameter
ball and an equivalent load of 3 000 kg.

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b) The Vickers and Rockwell methods of hardness in accordance with BS EN ISO 6507-1
and BS EN ISO 6508-1 respectively.
NOTE 1 The Brinell method is normally used for hardness testing, but the Rockwell and Vickers methods might be more appropriate
for thin sections.
NOTE 2 Considerable caution should be exercised when converting from one hardness scale to another and in cases of dispute the
Brinell hardness test should be used.

8.4.4 Hardenability tests

Hardenability tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS EN ISO 642. The values to be verified shall
be selected by the purchaser in accordance with BS EN ISO 642.
8.4.5 Grain size test
Metallographic grain size tests shall be carried out in accordance with the appropriate method given
in BS EN ISO 643.
When tested in accordance with BS EN ISO 643 fine grained steels shall have an austenitic grain size
of 5 or finer.
8.5 Types of inspection documents
Products conforming to this Published Document shall be ordered and delivered with one of the inspection
documents as specified in BS EN 10204. The type of document and extent of verification of testing for
properties shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.

© BSI 18 May 2005 11

PD 970:2005

9 Marking
The supplier shall mark the products or the bundles or boxes in a suitable way (e.g. hard stamping,
painting, labelling) so that it is possible to determine the cast, the steel grade and the supplier. Any special
marking requirements shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
If agreed at the time of enquiry and order, bar coding shall be used in accordance with DD ENV 606.

10 Specific requirements for hot rolled or normalized or softened steels and for
steels supplied as cold finished bar
10.1 Specific requirements for hot rolled or normalized or softened steels
The chemical composition and mechanical properties for these steels shall be as given in Table 5.
NOTE Table 5 brings together all these steels and separates them from other conditions of these carbon and carbon manganese
steels, which can be found in later clauses.

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 Table 5 — Hot rolled or normalized or softened steels: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition LRS Rm min. Re min. A min. Impact KCV Impact Izod HBW
designation C Mn min. min.
% % mm MPa MPa % J ft·lb
Carbon steels (hot rolled)
040A04 0.08 max. 0.30 to 0.50 — — — — — — —
040A10 0.08 to 0.13 0.30 to 0.50 — — — — — — —
040A12 0.10 to 0.15 0.30 to 0.50 — — — — — — —
080A15 0.13 to 0.18 0.70 to 0.90 — — — — — — —
080A17 0.15 to 0.20 0.70 to 0.90 — — — — — — —
080A42 0.40 to 0.45 0.70 to 0.90 — — — — — — —
Carbon steels (normalized) a

070M55 0.50 to 0.60 0.50 to 0.90 63 700 355 12 — — 201 to 255

250 600 310 13 — — 170 to 223
080M15 0.12 to 0.18 0.60 to 1.00 63 350 175 22 — — 109 to 163

Carbon steels (softened)

060A72
060A78
0.70 to 0.75
0.75 to 0.82
0.50 to 0.70
0.50 to 0.70
—
—
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150 330

—
—
165

—
—
22

—
—
—

—
—
—

—
—
101 to 152

241 max.
255 max.
Carbon manganese steels (normalized) a

120M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.00 to 1.40 150 590 355 15 — — 174 to 223
250 570 340 16 — — 163 to 217
150M19 0.15 to 0.23 1.30 to 1.70 150 550 325 18 35 30 152 to 207
250 510 295 17 — — 146 to 197
150M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 150 620 385 14 — — 179 to 229
250 600 355 15 — — 170 to 223
NOTE LRS = limiting ruling section, Rm = tensile stress, Re = yield stress, A = reduction in cross-sectional area, KCV = Charpy V-notch, HBW = Brinell hardness using
tungsten ball.
a May be supplied in the as rolled condition without mechanical properties and to analysis only.

PD 970:2005
13
PD 970:2005

10.2 Specific requirements for steels supplied as cold finished bar

The chemical composition, mechanical properties and normalizing temperature shall be as given
in Table 6 and Table 7.
Table 6 — Normalizing requirementsa
Steel Normalizing temperature
°C
080M15 890 to 920
070M20 880 to 910
070M26 870 to 900
080M30 860 to 890
070M55 810 to 840
120M36 840 to 870
150M19 860 to 900
150M36 840 to 870
a Also applicable to the steels specified in 10.2.

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 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rma Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon steels
080A15 0.13 to 0.18 0.70 to 0.90 — — — — — — — — — — — — —
070M20 0.16 to 0.24 0.50 to 0.90 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 150 430 215 21 — — — 126 to 179
turned or ground >150 k 250 400 200 21 — — — 116 to 170
Hot rolled + cold U 6 k 13 560 440 10 — — 420 —
drawn or hot rolled > 13 k 16 530 420 12 — — 390 —
+ cold drawn +
> 16 k 40 490 370 12 — — 340 —
ground
> 40 k 63 480 355 13 — — 290 —
> 63 k 76 450 325 14 — — 280 —
070M26 0.22 to 0.30 0.50 to 0.90 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 63 490 245 20 — — — 143 to 192
turned or ground > 63 k 250 430 215 20 — — — 126 to 179
Hot rolled + cold U 6 k 13 590 465 9 — — 440 —
drawn or hot rolled > 13 k 16 570 440 11 — — 420 —
+ cold drawn +
> 16 k 40 540 400 12 — — 380 —
ground
> 40 k 63 530 385 12 — — 330 —
> 63 k 76 490 355 13 — — 310 —
080M30 0.26 to 0.34 0.60 to 1.00 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 150 490 245 20 — — — 143 to 192
turned or ground > 150 k 250 460 230 19 — — — 134 to 183
Hot rolled + cold U 6 k 13 620 480 9 — — 460 —
drawn or hot rolled > 13k 16 600 470 10 — — 450 —
+ cold drawn +
ground > 16 k 40 570 430 11 — — 400 —
> 40 k 63 560 415 12 — — 345 —
> 63 k 76 530 385 12 — — 320 —
NOTE LRS = limiting ruling section, Rm = tensile stress, Re = yield stress, A = reduction in cross-sectional area, KCV = Charpy V-notch, Rp0.2 = 0.2 % proof stress; HBW = Brinell hardness
using tungsten ball.

PD 970:2005
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
15
 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
16

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon steels (continued)
080M30 0.26 to 0.34 0.60 to 1.00 — — — — Hardened and P U 6 k 63 550 to 700 340 18 28 25 310 152 to 207
tempered + turned Q U 6 k 19 625 to 775 415 16 28 25 400 179 to 229
or ground
Hardened and P U 6 k 63 550 to 700 385 13 28 25 340 152 to 207
tempered + cold Q U 6 k 19 625 to 775 460 12 28 25 430 179 to 229
drawn or hardened
and tempered +
cold drawn +
ground
070M55 0.50 to 0.60 0.50 to 0.90 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 63 700 355 12 — — — 201 to 255
turned or ground > 63 k 250 600 310 13 — — — 170 to 223
Normalized + cold U 6 k 13 760 610 6 — — 570 —
drawn or > 13 k 16 750 600 7 — — 560 —
normalized + cold
> 16 k 40 710 575 7 — — 495 —
drawn + ground
> 40 k 63 700 545 8 — — 440 —
> 63 k 76 670 530 9 — — 420 —
Hardened and R > 13 k 100 700 to 850 415 14 — — 385 201 to 255
tempered + turned S U 6 k 63 775 to 925 480 14 — — 450 223 to 277
or ground
T U 6 k 19 850 to 1 000 570 12 — — 555 248 to 302
Hardened and R > 29 k 100 700 to 850 475 10 — — 435 201 to 255
tempered + cold R > 13 k 29 700 to 850 510 10 — — 475 201 to 255
drawn or hardened
S U 6 k 63 775 to 925 525 10 — — 485 223 to 277
and tempered +
cold drawn + T U 6 k 19 850 to 1 000 595 9 — — 550 248 to 302
ground
Softened + turned, — — — — — — — 201 max.
© BSI 18 May 2005

ground or cold
drawn or turned,
ground or cold
drawn + finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.

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 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon manganese steelsc
120M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.00 to 1.40 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 150 590 355 15 — — — 174 to 223
turned or ground > 150 k 250 570 340 16 — — — 163 to 217
Hot rolled + cold U 6 k 13 710 565 6 — — 530 —
drawn or hot rolled > 13 k 16 690 555 7 — — 510 —
+ cold drawn +
ground > 16 k 40 660 525 8 — — 460 —
> 40 k 63 650 510 9 — — 400 —
> 63 k 76 620 480 9 — — 380 —
Hardened and Q U 6 k 100 625 to 775 415 18 35 30 385 179 to 229
tempered + turned R U 6 k 29 700 to 850 510 16 28 25 480 201 to 255
and ground
S U 6 k 19 775 to 925 570 14 28 25 555 223 to 277
Hardened and Q > 13 k 100 625 to 775 440 13 35 30 400 179 to 229
tempered + cold R U 6 k 29 700 to 850 520 12 28 25 450 201 to 255
drawn or hardened
S U 6 k 19 775 to 925 580 10 28 25 510 223 to 277
and tempered +
cold drawn +
ground
150M19 0.15 to 0.23 1.30 to 1.70 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 150 550 325 18 35 30 — 152 to 207
turned or ground > 150 k 250 510 295 17 — — — 146 to 197
Hardened and P > 13 k 150 550 to 700 340 18 50 40 325 152 to 207
tempered + turned Q U 6 k 63 625 to 775 430 16 50 40 415 179 to 229
or ground
R U 6 k 29 700 to 850 510 16 35 30 495 201 to 255
Hardened and P > 19 k 150 550 to 700 360 13 50 40 345 152 to 207
tempered + cold Q U 6 k 63 625 to 775 450 12 50 40 435 179 to 229
drawn or hardened
and tempered + R U 6 k 29 700 to 850 520 12 35 30 510 201 to 255
cold drawn +

PD 970:2005
ground
a TheRm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
c May be supplied in the as-rolled and cold finished condition without mechanical properties and to analysis only.
17
 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
18

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon manganese steelsc (continued)
150M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — — — — Normalized + U 6 k 150 620 385 14 — — — 179 to 229
turned or ground > 150 k 250 600 355 15 — — — 170 to 223
Hardened and Q > 19 k 150 625 to 775 400 18 42 35 370 179 to 229
tempered + turned R > 13 k 63 700 to 850 480 16 35 30 450 201 to 255
or ground
S U 6 k 29 775 to 925 555 14 35 30 525 223 to 277
T U 6 k 13 850 to 1 000 635 12 28 25 620 248 to 302
Hardened and Q > 19 k 150 625 to 775 440 13 42 35 400 179 to 229
tempered + cold R > 13 k 63 700 to 850 520 12 35 30 480 201 to 255
drawn or hardened
S U 6 k 29 775 to 925 580 10 35 30 540 223 to 277
and tempered +
cold drawn + T U 6 k 13 850 to 1 000 665 9 28 25 635 248 to 302
ground
Alloy steels
605M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — 0.22 — — Hardened and R > 150 k 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
to tempered + turned R > 29 k 150 700 to 850 525 17 50 40 510 201 to 255
0.32 or ground
S > 13 k 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
T U 6 k 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U U 6 k 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V U 6 k 19 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
a TheRm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
c May be supplied in the as-rolled and cold finished condition without mechanical properties and to analysis only.
© BSI 18 May 2005

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 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rma Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
605M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — 0.22 to — — Hardened and R > 29 k 150 700 to 850 540 12 50 40 525 201 to 255
0.32 tempered + cold S > 13 k 100 775 to 925 600 11 50 40 585 223 to 277
drawn or
T U 6 k 63 850 to 1 000 700 9 50 40 680 248 to 302
hardened and
tempered + cold U U 6 k 29 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 755 269 to 331
drawn + ground V U 6 k 19 1 000 to 1 150 865 9 42 35 850 293 to 352
Softened + — — — — — — — 241 max.
turned, ground
or cold drawn or
turned, ground
or cold drawn +
finally softened
606M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — 0.22 to — P 0.060 Hardened and R > 13 k 100 700 to 850 525 15 50 40 510 201 to 255
0.32 max. tempered + S U 6 k 63 775 to 925 585 13 42 35 570 223 to 277
S 0.15 turned or ground
T U 6 k 29 850 to 1 000 680 11 35 30 665 248 to 302
to 0.25 Hardened and R > 29 k 100 700 to 850 540 11 42 35 525 201 to 255
tempered + cold S U 6 k 63 775 to 925 600 10 42 35 585 223 to 277
drawn or
hardened and
tempered + cold
drawn + ground
T U 6 k 29 850 to 1 000 700 8 35 30 680 248 to 302
Softened + — — — — — — — 229 max.
turned, ground
or cold drawn or
turned, ground
or cold drawn +
finally softened

PD 970:2005
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
19
 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
20

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rma Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across flats) min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
708M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.70 to 1.00 0.90 to 0.15 to — — Hardened and R > 150 k 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
1.20 0.25 tempered + R > 63 k 150 700 to 850 525 17 50 40 510 201 to 255
turned or
S > 29 k 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
ground
T U 6 k 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U U 6 k 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V U 6 k 19 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
W U 6 k 13 d 1 075 to 1 225 940 12 35 30 925 311 to 375
Hardened and R > 63 k 150 700 to 850 540 12 50 40 525 201 to 255
tempered + cold S > 29 k 100 775 to 925 600 11 50 40 585 223 to 277
drawn or
T U 6 k 63 850 to 1 000 700 9 50 40 680 248 to 302
hardened and
tempered + cold U U 6 k 29 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 755 269 to 331
drawn + ground V U 6 k 19 1 000 to 1 150 865 9 42 35 850 293 to 352
W U 6 k 13d 1 075 to 1 225 955 8 35 30 940 311 to 375
Softened + — — — — — — — 248 max.
turned, ground
or cold drawn
or turned,
ground or cold
drawn + finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
d
Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.
© BSI 18 May 2005

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 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rma Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
709M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.70 to 1.00 0.90 to 0.25 to — — Hardened and R > 100 k 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
1.20 0.35 tempered + S > 150 k 250 775 to 925 555 13 22 20 540 223 to 277
turned or
S > 63 k 150 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
ground
T > 29 k 100 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U > 6 k 63 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V U 6 k 29d 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
W U 6 k 19d 1 075 to 1 225 940 12 35 30 925 311 to 375
Hardened and R > 100 k 250 700 to 850 540 11 50 40 510 201 to 255
tempered + S > 63 k 150 775 to 925 600 11 50 40 585 223 to 277
cold drawn or
hardened and T > 29 k 100 850 to 1 000 700 9 50 40 680 248 to 302
tempered + U > 13 k 63 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 755 269 to 331
cold drawn + V U 6 k 29d 1 000 to 1 150 865 9 42 35 850 293 to 352
ground
W U 6 k 19d 1 075 to 1 225 955 8 35 30 940 311 to 375
Softened + — — — — — — — 255 max.
turned, ground
or cold drawn
or turned,
ground or cold
drawn +
finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
d
Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.

PD 970:2005
21
 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
22

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
722M24 0.20 to 0.28 0.45 to 0.70 3.00 to 0.45 to — — Hardened and T U 6 k 250 850 to 1 000 650 13 35 30 635 248 to 302
3.50 0.65 tempered + T U 6 k 150 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
turned or
U U 6 k 150 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
tempered +
turned or
ground
Hardened and T U 6 k 150 850 to 1 000 700 9 50 40 680 248 to 302
tempered + U U 6 k 150 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 755 269 to 331
cold drawn or
hardened and
tempered +
cold drawn +
ground
Softened + — — — — — — — 269 max.
turned, ground
or cold drawn
or turned,
ground or cold
drawn + finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
© BSI 18 May 2005

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 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
flats) min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
817M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.45 to 0.70 1.00 to 0.20 to 1.30 to — Hardened T > 150 k 250 850 to 1 000 650 13 35 30 635 248 to 302
1.40 0.35 1.70 and T > 63 k 150 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
tempered +
U > 29 k 100 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
turned or
ground V > 13 k 63 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
W U 6 k 29d 1 075 to 1 225 940 11 35 30 925 311 to 375
X U 6 k 29d 1 150 to 1 300 1 020 10 28 25 1 005 341 to 401
Z U 6 k 29d 1 550 min. 1 235 5 9 8 1 125 444 min.
Hardened T > 63 k 150 850 to 1 000 700 9 50 40 680 248 to 302
and U > 29 k 100 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 755 269 to 331
tempered +
V > 13 k 63 1 000 to 1 150 865 9 42 35 850 293 to 352
cold drawn
or hardened W U 6 k 29d 1 075 to 1 225 955 8 35 30 940 311 to 375
and X U 6 k 29d 1 150 to 1 300 1 035 7 28 25 1 020 341 to 401
tempered +
cold drawn + Z U 6 k 29
d 1 550 min. 1 250 3 9 8 1 235 444 min.
ground
Softened + — — — — — — — 277 max.
turned,
ground or
cold drawn
or turned,
ground or
cold drawn +
finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
d
Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.

PD 970:2005
23
 Table 7 — Steels supplied as cold finished bar: chemical composition and mechanical property requirements (continued)
24

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition Condition Size (diam. or Rm a Re A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
size across flats) min. min. KCV Izod
min.b
min. min.
% MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
826M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.45 to 0.70 0.50 to 0.45 to 2.30 to — Hardened U > 150 k 250 925 to 1 075 740 12 28 25 725 269 to 331
0.80 0.65 2.80 and U > 100 k 150 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
tempered
+ turned or V > 63 k 250 1 000 to 1 150 835 12 28 25 820 293 to 352
ground V > 63 k 150 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
W > 29 k 250d 1 075 to 1 225 925 11 22 20 910 311 to 375
W > 29 k 150d 1 075 to 1 225 940 11 35 30 925 311 to 375
X > 29 k 150d 1 150 to 1 300 1 020 10 28 25 1 005 341 to 401
Y > 29 k 150 d 1 225 to 1 375 1 095 10 28 25 1 080 363 to 429
Z > 29 k 100 1 550 min.
d 1 235 7 11 10 1 125 444 min.
Hardened U > 100 k 150 925 to 1 075 770 9 42 35 765 269 to 331
and V > 63 k 150 1 000 to 1 150 865 9 42 35 850 293 to 352
tempered
+ cold W > 29 k 150d 1 075 to 1 225 955 8 35 30 940 311 to 375
drawn or X > 29 k 150d 1 150 to 1 300 1 035 7 28 25 1 020 341 to 401
hardened d 1 225 to 1 375 1 110 7 28 25 1 095 363 to 429
and Y > 29 k 150
tempered Z > 29 k 100 d 1 550 min. 1 250 5 11 10 1 235 444 min.
+ cold
drawn +
ground
Softened + — — — — — — — 277 max.
turned,
ground or
cold drawn
or turned,
ground or
© BSI 18 May 2005

cold drawn
+ finally
softened
a The Rm value quoted is the minimum unless otherwise stated.
b Thisvalue only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
d
Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.

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 11 Specific requirements for quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by
© BSI 18 May 2005

nitriding for special applications

Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding for special applications shall have one of the
specifications given in Table 8.
NOTE It includes carbon and alloy steels and separates them out from conditions specified elsewhere in this document. Other steels of this type are covered in BS EN 10085.
Table 8 — Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding: chemical composition and
mechanical property requirements
Steel grade Chemical composition Heat LRS Rm Re min. A min. Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
treatment KCV Izod
min.a
condition min. min.
% mm MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon manganese steels
120M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.00 to 1.40 — — — — Q 100 625 to 775 415 18 35 30 385 179 to 229
R 29 700 to 850 510 16 28 25 480 201 to 255
S 19 775 to 925 570 14 28 25 555 223 to 277
150M19 0.15 to 0.23 1.30 to 1.70 — — — — P 150 550 to 700 340 18 50 40 325 152 to 207
Q 63 625 to 775 430 16 50 40 415 179 to 229
R 29 700 to 850 510 16 35 30 495 201 to 255
150M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — — — — Q 150 625 to 775 400 18 42 35 370 179 to 229
R 63 700 to 850 480 16 35 30 450 201 to 255
S 29 775 to 925 555 14 35 30 525 223 to 277
Tb 13 850 to 1 000 635 12 28 25 620 248 to 302
Carbon manganese free cutting steels
212M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.00 to 1.40 — — — Si 0.25 P 100 550 to 700 340 20 28 25 310 152 to 207
max.
P 0.060 Q 63 625 to 775 400 18 28 25 370 179 to 229
max.
S 0.12 R 13 700 to 850 495 16 28 25 480 201 to 255
to 0.20
NOTE LRS = limiting ruling section, Rm = tensile stress, Re = yield stress, A = reduction in cross-sectional area, KCV = Charpy V-notch, Rp0.2 = 0.2 % proof stress;
HBW = Brinell hardness using tungsten ball.

PD 970:2005
a This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
b Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.
25
 Table 8 — Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding: chemical composition and
26

PD 970:2005
mechanical property requirements (continued)
Steel grade Chemical composition Heat LRS Rm Re min. A min. Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
treatment KCV Izod
min.a
condition min. min.
% mm MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon manganese free cutting steels (continued)
216M44 0.40 to 0.48 1.20 to 1.50 — — — P 0.060 max. Q 150 625 to 775 400 16 22 20 370 179 to 229
S 0.12 to 0.20 R 100 700 to 850 450 15 16 15 415 201 to 255
S 29 775 to 925 525 14 16 15 495 223 to 277
T 13 850 to 1 000 600 12 16 15 585 248 to 302
Alloy steels
605M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — 0.22 to 0.32 — — R 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
R 150 700 to 850 525 17 50 40 510 201 to 255
S 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
T 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V 19 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
606M36 0.32 to 0.40 1.30 to 1.70 — 0.22 to 0.32 — P 0.060 max. R 100 700 to 850 525 15 50 40 510 201 to 255
S 0.15 to 0.25 S 63 775 to 925 585 13 42 35 570 223 to 277
— T 29 850 to 1 000 680 11 35 30 665 248 to 302
708H37 0.34 to 0.41 0.65 to 1.05 0.80 0.15 to 0.25 — — — — — — — — — — —
to
1.25
708M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.70 to 1.00 0.90 0.15 to 0.25 — 4 × (% P) + % Q 250 625 to 775 450 15 28 25 430 179 to 229
to Sn k 0.15 Q 150 625 to 775 480 18 16 15 465 179 to 229
1.20
R 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
R 150 700 to 850 525 17 50 40 510 201 to 255
S 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
T 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
© BSI 18 May 2005

a This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.

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 Table 8 — Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding: chemical composition and
© BSI 18 May 2005

mechanical property requirements (continued)

Steel grade Chemical composition Heat LRS Rm Re min. A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
treatment min. KCV Izod
min.a
condition min. min.
% mm MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
708M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.70 to 1.00 0.90 to 0.15 to — 4 × (% P) + % U 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
1.20 0.25 Sn k 0.15 V 19 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
Wb 13 1 075 to 1 225 940 12 35 30 925 311 to 375
709M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.70 to 1.00 0.90 to 0.25 to — 4 × (% P) + % R 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 355
1.20 0.35 Sn k 0.15 S 150 775 to 925 555 13 22 20 540 223 to 277
S 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
T 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V 29 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
Wb 29 1 075 to 1 225 940 12 35 30 925 311 to 375
722M24 0.20 to 0.28 0.45 to 0.70 3.00 to 0.45 to — 4 × (% P) + % T 250 850 to 1 000 650 13 35 30 635 248 to 302
3.50 0.65 Sn k 0.12 T 150 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U 150 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
817M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.45 to 0.70 1.00 to 0.20 to 1.30 to P 0.025 max. T 250 850 to 1 000 650 13 35 30 635 248 to 302
1.40 0.35 1.70
S 0.025 max. T 150 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U 100 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V 63 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
Wb 29 1 075 to 1 225 940 11 35 30 925 311 to 375
Xb 29 1 150 to 1 300 1 020 10 28 25 1 005 341 to 401
Yb 29 1 225 to 1 375 1 095 10 21 18 1 080 363 to 429
Z 29 1 550 min. 1 235 5 9 8 1 125 444 min.
a This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
b Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.

PD 970:2005
27
 Table 8 — Quenched and tempered steels including steels capable of surface hardening by nitriding: chemical composition and
28

PD 970:2005
mechanical property requirements (continued)
Steel grade Chemical composition Heat LRS Rm Re min. A Impact Impact Rp0.2 HBW
treatment min. KCV Izod
min.a
condition min. min.
% mm MPa MPa % J ft·lb MPa
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Alloy steels (continued)
826M40 0.36 to 0.44 0.45 to 0.70 0.50 to 0.45 to 2.30 to P 0.025 max. U 250 925 to 1 075 740 12 28 25 725 269 to 331
0.80 0.65 2.80 U 150 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
S 0.025 max. V 250 1 000 to 1 150 835 12 28 25 820 293 to 352
V 150 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
Wb 250 1 075 to 1 225 925 11 22 20 910 311 to 375
Wb 150 1 075 to 1 225 940 11 35 30 925 311 to 375
Xb 150 1 150 to 1 300 1 020 10 28 25 1 005 341 to 401
Yb 150 1 225 to 1 375 1 095 10 28 25 1 080 363 to 429
Zb 100 1 550 min. 1 235 7 11 10 1 125 444 min.
835M30 0.26 to 0.34 0.45 to 0.70 1.10 to 0.20 to 3.90 to P 0.025 max.
1.40 0.35 4.30 S 0.025 max. Zb 150 1 550 min. 1 235 7 16 15 1 125 444 min.
945M38 0.34 to 0.42 1.20 to 1.60 0.40 to 0.15 to 0.60 to — R 250 700 to 850 495 15 28 25 480 201 to 255
0.60 0.25 0.90 R 150 700 to 850 525 17 50 40 510 201 to 255
S 100 775 to 925 585 15 50 40 570 223 to 277
T 63 850 to 1 000 680 13 50 40 665 248 to 302
U 29 925 to 1 075 755 12 42 35 740 269 to 331
V 29 1 000 to 1 150 850 12 42 35 835 293 to 352
a This value only applies when no yield phenomenon (Re) occurs.
b Properties cannot always be obtained by bulk heat treatment of bar but can be achieved by the appropriate heat treatment of components.
© BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

Table 9 — Quenched and tempered steels: heat treatment and maximum hardness
requirements in the softened condition
Steel grade Heat treatment to be given to Requirements for hardenability Maximum HBW when material
test bars and to material test supplied in a softened condition
required in the finally heat
treated condition
Designation Hardening Tempering Preheat Austenitizing Softened Temper
treatment temperature treatment temperature condition softened
temperature temperature condition
°C °C °C °C
Carbon steels
070M55 810 to 840 550 to 660 No hardenability data Not usually supplied in the
080M30 860 to 890 550 to 660 specified softened condition
Carbon manganese steels
120M36 840 to 870 550 to 660 No hardenability data Not usually supplied in the
150M19 860 to 890 550 to 660 specified softened condition
150M36 840 to 870 550 to 660
Carbon manganese free cutting steels
212M36 840 to 870 550 to 660 No hardenability data Not usually supplied in the
216M44 830 to 860 550 to 660 specified softened condition
Alloy steels
605M36 840 to 870 500 to 680 No hardenability data 217 235
606M36 840 to 870 500 to 680 specified 217 235
708H37 — — 880 to 900 875 — —
708M40 860 to 890 550 to 700 No hardenability data 217 235
709M40 860 to 890 550 to 700 specified 235 255
722M24 880 to 910 550 to 700 241 269
817M40 820 to 850 700 max. 248 277
826M40 820 to 850 660 max. 255 277
835M30 810 to 840 200 to 280 255 277
945M38 840 to 870 550 to 680 217 235
NOTE Hardening and tempering temperature ranges for heat treating test bars and material in the finally heat treated condition
are for guidance only. Temperature ranges for hardenability testing are mandatory.

© BSI 18 May 2005 29

 Table 10 — Hardenability requirements for 708H37
30

PD 970:2005
Steel grade Chemical composition HRCa at distance from quenched end
% mm
Max. or 1.5 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
min.
Designation C Mn Cr Mo
708H37 0.34 to 0.41 0.65 to 1.05 0.80 to 1.25 0.15 to 0.25 max. 59 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 54 52 48 46 45 44 43
min. 52 51 51 50 48 47 45 43 38 35 34 33 32 32 31
a Rockwell hardness (C scale) (BS EN ISO 6508-1).

12 Specific requirements for case hardening steels

The requirements for case hardening steels for both carbon manganese steels and alloy steels for special applications shall be as given
in Table 11 and Table 12.
NOTE In selecting a case hardening steel for components having larger section sizes, it is essential that attention be given to the need to achieve the required surface hardness as
well as the core properties. This applies particularly where core strength requirements are not high and a carbon manganese or an alloy steel at the low end of the range would give
the required core strength. If water hardening is not an option because of distortion, the use of an appropriate alloy steel might be necessary to achieve satisfactory case hardness.
Table 11 — Case hardening alloy steels: chemical composition and hardenability requirements
Steel grade Chemical composition HRC values at distancea
mm
Max. or 1.5 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
min.
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni
805H22 0.19 to 0.25 0.60 to 0.95 0.35 to 0.65 0.15 to 0.25 0.35 to 0.75 max. 50 49 46 43 38 34 32 30 27 25 25 24 24 24 —
min. 43 39 33 28 25 22 20 — — — — — — — —
820H17 0.14 to 0.20 0.60 to 0.90 0.80 to 1.20 0.10 to 0.20 1.50 to 2.00 max. 46 46 46 46 45 45 44 44 42 40 38 38 37 37 —
min. 39 39 38 37 35 33 32 30 28 26 25 25 24 24 —
822H17 0.14 to 0.20 0.40 to 0.70 1.30 to 1.70 0.15 to 0.25 1.75 to 2.25 max. 46 46 46 46 45 45 45 45 45 44 43 43 42 42 —
min. 39 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 35 33 32 31 30 29 —
835H15 0.12 to 0.18 0.25 to 0.50 1.00 to 1.40 0.15 to 0.30 3.90 to 4.30 max. 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 43 —
min. 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 —
© BSI 18 May 2005

a Rockwell hardness (C scale) (BS EN ISO 6508-1).

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 Table 12 — Case hardening carbon manganese and low alloy steels: chemical composition and mechanical property requirementsa
© BSI 18 May 2005

Steel grade Chemical composition Test bar Rm min. A min. Impact min.
diameter KCV Izod
% mm MPa % J ft·lb
Designation C Mn Cr Mo Ni Others
Carbon manganese steels
130M15 0.12 to 0.18 1.10 to 1.50 — — — — 13 740 13 28 25
19 650 14 35 30
29 590 15 42 35
214M15 0.12 to 0.18 1.20 to 1.60 — — — S 0.13 to 0.18 13 740 12 28 25
19 650 12 35 30
29 590 13 42 35
Alloy steels
635M15 0.12 to 0.18 0.60 to 0.90 0.40 to 0.80 — 0.70 to 1.00 — 19 770 12 22 20
655M13 0.10 to 0.16 0.35 to 0.60 0.70 to 1.00 — 3.00 to 3.75 — 19 1 000 9 35 30
665M17 0.14 to 0.20 0.35 to 0.75 — 0.20 to 0.30 1.50 to 2.00 — 19 770 12 35 30
805M22 0.19 to 0.25 0.60 to 0.95 0.35 to 0.65 0.15 to 0.25 0.35 to 0.75 — 19 930 10 11 10
805A22 0.20 to 0.25 0.70 to 0.90 0.40 to 0.60 0.15 to 0.25 0.40 to 0.70 — — — — — —
808M17 0.14 to 0.20 0.70 to 1.05 0.35 to 0.65 0.30 to 0.40 0.35 to 0.75 — 19 930 10 22 20
822M17 0.14 to 0.20 0.40 to 0.70 1.30 to 1.70 0.15 to 0.25 1.75 to 2.25 — 19 1 310 8 22 20
835M15 0.12 to 0.18 0.25 to 0.50 1.00 to 1.40 0.15 to 0.30 3.90 to 4.30 — 19 1 310 8 28 25
aA suitable quenching media should be used.

PD 970:2005
31
PD 970:2005

Table 13 — Case hardening steels: heat treatment and maximum hardness requirements
Steel designation Hardening Max. hardness HBW (when specified on the order) in the condition of
temperature delivery
Bars and Bars for machining
°C billets for Normalized Sub-critically Normalized and
forging annealed tempered
Carbon manganese steels
130M15 900 to 930 — — — —
214M15 900 to 930 — — — —
Alloy steels
635M15 820 to 840 207 207 — —
655M13 800 to 820 255 — 255 223
665M17 820 to 840 207 207 — —
805M22 820 to 840 217 217 — —
820M17 820 to 840 277 — 269 248
822M17 820 to 840 277 — 269 255
835M15 800 to 820 277 — 277 269

13 Specific requirements for tolerances

13.1 Semi-finished products
Dimensional and shape tolerances for semi-finished products shall be agreed between the purchaser and
supplier at the time of enquiry and order.
NOTE The UK Steel standard UKS 01, “Semi-finished steel products for the manufacture of hot rolled bar, rod and sections”
specifies such tolerances.

13.2 Black bar for special applications

For special applications, tolerances shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
13.3 Black bar for general applications
13.3.1 Flats
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions for flats (150 mm wide and below) shall be in
accordance with BS EN 10058.
13.3.2 Wide flats (151 mm to 600 mm bar mill products)
13.3.2.1 General
The tolerances for wide flats given in 13.3.2.2 to 13.3.2.7 shall apply.
NOTE Tolerances for wide flats are not currently specified in any European Standard.

13.3.2.2 Width tolerance

The width tolerance for wide flats shall be ±2 % of the specified width but shall not exceed ±5 mm.
The width shall be measured at a distance not less than 200 mm from the end of the wide flat.
13.3.2.3 Thickness tolerance
The thickness tolerance for wide flats shall be as given in Table 14.
The thickness shall be measured at a distance not less than 15 mm from the longitudinal edges and not
less than 200 mm from the end of the wide flat.

32 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

Table 14 — Thickness tolerances for wide flats

Specified thickness Tolerances
mm mm
> 4 < 10 ±0.5
10 < 20 ±0.6
20 < 25 ±0.7
25 < 30 ±0.8
30 < 40 ±0.9
40 < 50 ±1.0
50 < 60 ±1.1
60 < 80 ±1.3
U80 ±2.0

13.3.2.4 Length tolerance

The tolerance on the specified length shall be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.
13.3.2.5 Squareness of edges
Any deviation from squareness of edges for wide flats shall be as given in Table 15. Measurements of
deviation shall be made at least 200 mm from the end of the bar.
NOTE Three types of deviation from square edge are permissible and are illustrated in Figure 1:
— convex edge;
— concave edge;
— rhomboid edge.

© BSI 18 May 2005 33

PD 970:2005

Table 15 — Deviation from squareness of edges for wide flats

Specified thickness, t Deviation, u
mm mm
k13 2.0
> 13 k18 3.0
> 18 3.5
NOTE See Figure 1.

u u u

a) Convex edge b) Concave edge

Key
t = thickness
b = overall width
u = deviation

c) Rhomboid edge
Figure 1 — Types of deviation from square

13.3.2.6 Edge camber tolerances

The edge camber tolerances for wide flats shall be a normal straightness edge camber not exceeding 0.25 %
of the length, L, of the wide flat.
The edge camber value, c, shall be taken as the maximum deviation between one longitudinal edge and the
straight line joining the two edges of this edge. It shall be measured on the concave edges of the wide flat.
NOTE See Figure 2.
The measuring points shall be at least 200 mm from the end of the wide flat.

34 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

All dimensions are in millimetres

b
c
200 200

Key
b = overall width
c = edge camber value
L = overall length
Figure 2 — Edge camber of wide flats

13.3.2.7 Flatness tolerances

The deviation in the transverse direction shall not exceed 0.3 % of the width of the wide flat.
The deviation in the longitudinal direction related to a straight edge length of 1 000 mm, shall not
exceed 7 mm.
The measuring points shall be at least 200 mm from the end of the wide flat.
13.3.3 Squares
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions shall be in accordance with BS EN 10059.
13.3.4 Rounds
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions shall be in accordance with BS EN 10060.
13.3.5 Hexagons
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions shall be in accordance with BS EN 10061.

© BSI 18 May 2005 35

PD 970:2005

13.4 Bars for cold finishing

13.4.1 Bars
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions for rounds, squares and hexagons shall be in
accordance with Table 16. The out of section (see Table 16) shall not be above the upper limit, or below the
lower limit, of the tolerance. For round bars, the out of section shall be measured as the difference between
the maximum and minimum diameters on the same cross-section. For square and hexagon bars, the out of
section shall be measured as the difference between parallel faces on the same cross-section.
Table 16 — Tolerances for hot rolled round, square and hexagon bars suitable for cold finishing
Size Permitted variation
Diameter or width across flats Out of sectiona
mm mm mm
k 16 0 to +0.4 0.3
> 16 k 26 0 to +0.6 0.5
> 26 k 38 0 to +0.8 0.6
> 38 k 51 0 to +1.0 0.7
> 51 k 64 0 to +1.2 0.9
> 64 k 90 0 to +1.4 1.1
> 90 k 160 0 to +1.6 1.2
a For round bars, out of section is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameter of the bar measured on the same
axis of the bar. For square bars, out of section is the difference between the two dimensions measured across the two pairs of
opposing (parallel) sides at the same axis of the bar. For hexagon bars, out of section is the difference between the least and greatest
dimensions measured across three pairs of opposing (parallel) flats at the same axis of the bar.

13.4.2 Flats
The tolerance for flats for cold finishing shall be agreed at the time of order and enquiry and should take
into account the drafting.
13.5 Cold finished bar
The dimensions and tolerances on shape and dimensions for cold finished bars shall be in accordance
with BS EN 10278.
The thickness measurements for flats shall be taken at a point 12 mm in from the edge.

14 Cut end condition

Where end condition is critical the purchaser shall specify at the time of enquiry and order that a sawn end
is required.
NOTE Shearing to length might distort the ends of all products.

36 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

Annex A (informative)
Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current
nationally adopted European Standards
Table A.1 presents the current status of all the steels originally specified in BS 970-1:1983 in terms of
either their inclusion in PD 970, their equivalents in nationally adopted European Standards or their
complete withdrawal from all standards.
Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current nationally
adopted European Standards
Steel in Steel in European steel namea European steel BS EN standard
BS 970-1:1983 PD 970:2005 number
040A04 040A04 — — —
040A10 040A10 — — —
040A12 040A12 — — —
045A10 — C10E 1.1121 BS EN 10084:1998
045M10 — C10E 1.1121 BS EN 10084:1998
055M15 — — — —
060A32 — — — —
060A40 — — — —
060A45 — — — —
060A47 — — — —
060A57 — — — —
060A62 — — — —
060A67 — — — —
060A72 060A72 — — —
060A78 060A78 — — —
060A81 — — — —
070M20 070M20 C22E 1.1151 BS EN 10083-1:1991
070M26 070M26 C25E 1.1158 BS EN 10083-1:1991
070M55 070M55 C55E 1.1203 BS EN 10083-1:1991
080A15 080A15 C16E 1.1148 BS EN 10084:1998
080A17 080A17 — — —
080A20 — — — —
080A30 — — — —
080A32 — — — —
080A35 — — — —
080A37 — — — —
080A40 — — — —
080A42 080A42 — — —
080A47 — — — —
080A52 — — — —
080A57 — — — —
080A67 — — — —
080H36 — C35E+H 1.1181+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
080H41 — C40E+H 1.1186+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
080H46 — C45E+H 1.1191+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
a In accordance with BS EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel — Part 1: Steel names, principal symbols.

© BSI 18 May 2005 37

PD 970:2005

Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current nationally
adopted European Standards (continued)
Steel in Steel in European steel namea European steel BS EN standard
BS 970-1:1983 PD 970:2005 number
080M15 080M15 C16E 1.1148 BS EN 10084:1998
080M30 080M30 C30E 1.1178 BS EN 10083-1:1991
080M36 — C35E 1.1181 BS EN 10083-1:1991
080M40 — C40E 1.1186 BS EN 10083-1:1991
080M46 — C45E 1.1191 BS EN 10083-1:1991
080M50 — C50E 1.1206 BS EN 10083-1:1991
120M19 — — — —
120M28 — — — —
120M36 120M36 — — —
125A15 — — — —
130M15 130M15 — — —
135M44 — — — —
150M19 150M19 — — —
150M28 — 28Mn6 1.1170 BS EN 10083-1:1991
150M36 150M36 — — —
150M40 — — — —
170H15 — — — —
170H20 — — — —
170H36 — — — —
170H41 — — — —
173H16 — — — —
174H20 — — — —
175H23 — — — —
185H40 — — — —
210A15 — — — —
210M15 — 15SMn13 1.0725 BS EN 10087:1999
212A37 — — — —
212A42 — — — —
212M36 212M36 — — —
214A15 — — — —
214M15 214M15 — — —
216A42 — — — —
216M28 — — — —
216M36 — 36SMn14 1.0764 BS EN 10087:1999
216M44 216M44 — — —
220M07 — — — —
225M36 — — — —
226M44 — 44SMn28 1.0762 BS EN 10087:1999
230M07 — 11SMn30 1.0715 BS EN 10087:1999
280M01 — — — BS EN 10267:1998
302S31 — X10CrNi18-8 1.4310 BS EN 10088-3:1995
a In accordance with BS EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel — Part 1: Steel names, principal symbols.

38 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current nationally
adopted European Standards (continued)
Steel in Steel in European steel namea European steel BS EN standard
BS 970-1:1983 PD 970:2005 number
303S31 — X8CrNiS18-9 1.4305 BS EN 10088-3:1995
303S42 — — — —
304S11 — X2CrNi18-9 1.4307 BS EN 10088-3:1995
X2CrNi19-11 1.4306
304S15 — X5CrNi18-10 1.4301 BS EN 10088-3:1995
304S31 — X5CrNi18-10 1.4301 BS EN 10088-3:1995
310S31 — X8CrNi25-21 1.4845 BS EN 10095:1999
316S11 — X2CrNiMo17-12-2 1.4404 BS EN 10088-3:1995
316S13 — X2CrNiMo17-12-3 1.4432 BS EN 10088-3:1995
316S31 — X5CrNiMo17-12-2 1.4401 BS EN 10088-3:1995
316S33 — X3CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4436 BS EN 10088-3:1995
320S31 — X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 1.4571 BS EN 10088-3:1995
321S31 — X6CrNiTi18-10 1.4541 BS EN 10088-3:1995
325S31 — — — —
347S31 — X6CrNiNb18-10 1.4550 BS EN 10088-3:1995
403S17 — X6Cr13 1.4000 BS EN 10088-3:1995
410S21 — X12Cr13 1.4006 BS EN 10088-3:1995
416S21 — X12CrS13 1.4005 BS EN 10088-3:1995
416S29 — — — —
416S37 — X29CrS13 1.4029 BS EN 10088-3:1995
416S41 — — — —
420S29 — X20Cr13 1.4021 BS EN 10088-3:1995
420S37 — X20Cr13/X30Cr13 1.4021/1.4028 BS EN 10088-3:1995
430S17 — X6Cr17 1.4016 BS EN 10088-3:1995
431S29 — X17CrNi16-2 1.4057 BS EN 10088-3:1995
523H15 — — — —
523M15 — — — —
527A17 — 17Cr3 1.7016 BS EN 10084:1998
527H17 — 17Cr3+H 1.7016+H BS EN 10084:1998
527M17 — 17Cr3 1.7016 BS EN 10084:1998
530A30 — — — —
530A32 — — — —
530A36 — — — —
530A40 — — — —
530H32 — 34Cr4+H 1.7033+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
530H36 — 37Cr4+H 1.7034+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
530H40 — 41Cr4+H 1.7035+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
530M40 — 41Cr4 1.7035 BS EN 10083-1:1991
535A99 — — — —
590A15 — 16MnCr5 1.7131 BS EN 10084:1998
590H17 — 16MnCr5+H 1.7131+H BS EN 10084:1998
590M17 — 16MnCr5 1.7131 BS EN 10084:1998
605A32 — — — —
605A37 — — — —
a In accordance with BS EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel — Part 1: Steel names, principal symbols.

© BSI 18 May 2005 39

PD 970:2005

Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current nationally
adopted European Standards (continued)
Steel in Steel in European steel namea European steel BS EN standard
BS 970-1:1983 PD 970:2005 number
605H32 — — — —
605H37 — — — —
605M36 605M36 — — —
606M36 606M36 — — —
635A14 — — — —
635H15 — — — —
635M15 635M15 — — —
637A16 — — — —
637H17 — 16NiCr4+H 1.5714+H BS EN 10084:1998
637M17 — 16NiCr4 1.5714 BS EN 10084:1998
655H13 — 15NiCr13+H 1.5752+H BS EN 10084:1998
655M13 655M13 15NiCr13 1.5752 BS EN 10084:1998
665H17 — — — —
665H20 — — — —
665H23 — — — —
665M17 665M17 — — —
665M20 — — — —
665M23 — — — —
708A25 — — — —
708A30 — — — —
708A37 — — — —
708A40 — — — —
708A42 — — — —
708A47 — — — —
708H20 — — — —
708H37 708H37 — — —
708H42 — 42CrMo4+H 1.7225+H BS EN 10083-1:1991
708H45 — — — —
708M20 — 18CrMo4 1.7243 BS EN 10084:1998
708M40 708M40 42CrMo4 1.7225 BS EN 10083-1:1991
709A37 — — — —
709A40 — — — —
709A42 — — — —
709M40 709M40 — — —
720M32 — — — —
722M24 722M24 24CrMo13-6 1.8516 BS EN 10085:2001
805A17 — — — —
805A20 — 20NiCrMo2-2 1.6523 BS EN 10084:1998
805A22 805A22 — — —
805H17 — — — —
805H20 — 20NiCrMo2-2+H 1.6523+H BS EN 10084:1998
805H22 805H22 — — —
805M17 — — — —
a In accordance with BS EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel — Part 1: Steel names, principal symbols.

40 © BSI 18 May 2005

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 PD 970:2005

Table A.1 — Correlation between steels from BS 970-1:1983, PD 970:2005 and current nationally
adopted European Standards (continued)
Steel in Steel in European steel namea European steel BS EN standard
BS 970-1:1983 PD 970:2005 number
805M20 — 20NiCrMo2-2 1.6523 BS EN 10084:1998
805M22 805M22 — — —
808H17 — — — —
808M17 808M17 — — —
815H17 — 17NiCrMo6-4+H 1.6566+H BS EN 10084:1998
815M17 — — — —
817A37 — — — —
817A42 — — — —
817M40 817M40 34CrNiMo6 1.6582 BS EN 10083-1:1991
820H17 820H17 — — —
820M17 — — — —
822H17 822H17 — — —
822M17 822M17 — — —
823H13 — — — —
826M31 — — — —
826M40 826M40 — — —
832H13 — 14NiCrMo13-4+H 1.6657+H BS EN 10084:1998
832M13 — — — —
835H15 835H15 — — —
835M15 835M15 — — —
835M30 835M30 30NiCrMo16-6 1.6747 —
897M39 — 40CrMoV13-9 1.8523 BS EN 10085:2001
905M39 — 41CrAlMo7-10 1.8509 BS EN 10085:2001
945M38 945M38 — — —
a In accordance with BS EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steel — Part 1: Steel names, principal symbols.

© BSI 18 May 2005 41

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 PD 970:2005

Bibliography

Standards publications
BS EN 10083-1:1991, Quenched and tempered steels — Part 1: Technical delivery conditions for special
steels.
BS EN 10084:1998, Case-hardening steels — Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10085:2001, Nitriding steel — Technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10087:1999, Free cutting steels — Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, hot
rolled bars and rods.
BS EN 10088-3:1995, Stainless steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products,
bars, rods and sections for general purposes.
BS EN 10095:1999, Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys.
BS EN 10267:1998, Ferritic-pearlitic steels for precipitation hardening from hot-working temperatures.
BS EN ISO 3887, Steels — Determination of depth of decarburization.
Other publications
[1] UK Steel Standard UKS01, Semi-finished steel products for the manufacture of hot rolled bar, rod and
sections, 2002.

© BSI 18 May 2005 43

PD 970:2005

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