一．Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
1. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议 ，
假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
2. 虚拟 1 If 条件句的虚拟
条 件If 从 句 的 谓 语
主句的谓语形式
从句 形式
had done would/could/should/might+have+done
过去
did/ (were) would/could/should/might +do
现在
1. did/were
2. should+ do would/could/should/might +do
未来
3. were to do
1. If we ___________ (start) out five minutes earlier, we __________________ (miss) the
train.
2. If I ______ (be) you, I _________ (pay) more attention to English idioms.
3. I ___________ (help) you if I ______ (can).
4. If I ____________ (receive) your e-mail, I __________________ (answer) it long ago.
5. If I __________ (know) your address,I _________________(write) to you then.
6. If he __________ (be) here tomorrow, you ___________ (ask) him about it yourself.
7. I ___________ (ask) him to ring you up if I _____ (see) him tomorrow.
答案：1.had started wouldn’t have missed 2. were would pay
3.would help could 4.had received would have answered have written
5.had known would 6.were could ask 7.would ask saw
▲注意：1.虚拟条件从句中，be 的过去式常用 were;
2.如果虚拟条件句中有助动词 were, had, 或 should 时，可以省略 if,而把这几个词
放在主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
① If I were you, I wouldn’t give up.
=Were I you, I wouldn’t give up.
②If it should rain, we would we would put off the sports meeting.
=Should it rain, we would put off the …
③If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you then.
=Had I known your telephone number, I …
☆错综时间条件句：一般情况下，在虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一
致，但有时也有可能指不同的时间，这时动词的形式要根据所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
①If you had taken the medicine, you would be better now.
②If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
③I you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.
3.虚拟 2 Without= But for 要是没有
• 对现在/将来情况：would be
1
• 对过去情况：would have been
①Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
②But for your help, we would not have succeeded in the experiment.
4.虚拟 3 wish
• 对现在情况：过去式 were/ did
• 对过去情况：过去完成时 had done
• 对将来情况：would do
5.虚拟 4 If only 要是…就好了
虚拟 5 as if, as though
• 和 wish 一样
• 对现在情况：过去式 were/ did
• 对过去情况：过去完成时 had done
• 对将来情况：would do
6.虚拟 7 should + 动词原形
• 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:
• 1. insist
• 2. order, command
• 3. advise, suggest, propose(advice, suggestion, proposal )
• 4. demand, require, request, desire
• ①He suggested we (should) start off early the next day.
• ②We insisted they (should) be present at such gathering.
• ③He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.
• ④They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.
7.虚拟 8 It is strange/important/a pity/ a shame that sb (should) do
①It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected.
②It is strange that he should have said so.
③It is a great pity that he should be so careless.
④It is surprising that Alfred should have married Amy.
也可不用虚拟语气:
⑤It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
⑥It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
8.虚拟 9 It is (high) time that sb did/should do
(should 不能省略):
• ①It is (high) time that you went to school.
• ②It’s time you did something about it.
• ③It is (high) time that we should start out.
语法填空：
1. If he __________________ (warn), he would not ____________ (take) that food. Luckily
he was sent to the hospital immediately.
2. If we ___________ (not rely) on our own strength, we ________________ (die) of
starvation.
3. The look on his face suggested that he ____( be) unhappy
2
4. I suggested that the teachers’ wages _____________ (increase).
5. It’s suggested that the plan __________( carry) out.
6. I would rather you ____(pay) me now.
7. If only you ___________ (not tell) him what I said! Everything would have been all right.
8. The two strangers talked as if they _________ (be ) friends for years.
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____(be) broken.
10. How I wish every family _____ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden.
11. I wish I _____ (see) you yesterday.
12. Without computers，human life _________ (be) quite different today.
13. It is high time we ________________________ (prepare) for the mid-term exam.
14. If he _________ (be) here now, he would not let the matter end this way.
15. If you __________ (put) the gold watch in a safe place, you would not have lost it.
16. If her lawyer __________ here last Sunday, he ___________________ her from going.
(be, prevent)
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________ (come), she would have met
my brother.
18. If he __________________ (warn), he would not ____________ (take) that food. Luckily
he was sent to the hospital immediately.
19. If only you ___________ (not tell) him what I said! Everything would have been all right.
20. If you _____________ (start) the work earlier, you _________________ (finish) it by now.
21. If we ___________ (not rely) on our own strength, we ________________ (die) of
starvation.
22. If I ___________ (know) your address, I ______________________ (write) to you then.
答案：1.had been warned have taken 2. hadn’t relied would have died
3.was 4.be increased 5.be carried 6.paid 7.hadn’t told
8.had been 9.were 10. had 11.had seen 12.would be
13.prepared/should prepare 14.were 15.had put
16.had been would have prevented 17.had come
18.had been warned have taken 19.hadn’t told
20.had started would have finished
21.hadn’t relied would have died
22.had known would have written
补充：1. 与现在情况相反的假设 If …did/were…, …would ( should / could / might ) do
①If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
②If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
③If you were the author, what would you write?
2. 与过去情况相反的假设 If… had done…, ..would have done…
①If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
②If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam.
3. 与将来情况相反的假设 If… did/should do/were to do…, …would do…
①If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
②If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
③If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3
4
