Chapter 2 Technology and Ecosystem Services

Environment and Society

Other services provided by the environment…
Ecosystems & Ecosystem Services
• Hydroelectric energy
Review on the biological levels of organization • Carbon sequestration
Urban forests and green spaces ae patches of
• Atoms – Molecules – Cell – Tissue – Organ – Body
vegetation that provide “free cleaning” services by
System – Organism – Population – Community –
absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide in urban areas.
Ecosystem – Biosphere
With satellite and mapping technologies, rapid data
Ecosystem collection over large areas can be done using computer
workstations with fast microprocessors.
Is an interacting system of the biotic and abiotic components
of the environment, in a relatively stable equilibrium, in a • Medicine & drugs
limited geographical location, and includes various sizes and • Protection from floods and surges
kinds.
Environment and Society

At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per cent

of the needs of the poor are derived from biological
resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the
greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic
development, and adaptive responses to such new challenges
as climate change.

What is Biodiversity?


The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity is
commonly referred to as biodiversity.
• Forest Ecosystem  The number of species of plants, animals, and
• Desert Ecosystem microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes in
• Freshwater Ecosystem these species, the different ecosystems on the
• Marine Ecosystem planet, such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs
• Grassland Ecosystem are all part of a biologically diverse Earth.
• Polar Ecosystem  Declining biodiversity is therefore a concern for
• Urban Ecosystem many reasons.
• Agro Ecosystem Why is Biodiversity Important?

Ecosystem Services  Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where

each species, no matter how small, all have an
Ecosystem services are the benefits provided to humans important role to play.
through the transformations of resources (or environmental
assets, including land, water, vegetation and atmosphere) For example,
into a flow of essential goods and services e.g. clean air,  A larger number of plant species means a greater
water, and food (Constanza et al. 1997). variety of crops
 Greater species diversity ensures natural
sustainability for all life forms
 Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and
recover from a variety of disasters.

A healthy biodiversity offers many natural services

Understanding how our nature works confers some benefits

to humankind… e.g. Economy That is quite a lot of services we get for free!
COVID-19 and its link with Biodiversity, Illegal Wildlife ⪢ Cite the important highlights in the article.
Trafficking and Bioculturality ⪢ What are your thoughts on the facts presented in
the article?
⪢ Read the article at ⪢ Critique and inject your opinion related to the
https://en.unesco.org/events/covid-19-and-its-link- article.
biodiversity-illegal-wildlife-trafficking-and-
bioculturality The importance of biodiversity
COVID-19 and its link with Biodiversity, Illegal Wildlife Watch the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Trafficking and Bioculturality v=C15NXPb67QE and inject your thoughts, opinion, and
reaction on the video.
This year the motto of the International Day for Biological Relate your experiences and observations as to how
Diversity is "Our solutions are in nature" to emphasize hope, biodiversity helps in emerging and transmission of infectious
solidarity and the importance of working together at all levels diseases such as COVID-19.
to build a future of life in harmony with nature. The current
trend of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the extreme Biodiversity is all about the variety of life. It has to do with
importance of combating the loss of biodiversity. Within this animal life, plant life, bacteria, where we find these different
framework, the UNESCO and UNEP Offices in Mexico will organisms, what kind of habitats they flourish in. We really
organize the Virtual Dialogue "COVID-19 and its link with rely on biodiversity for maintaining healthy, robust, high-
biodiversity, illegal wildlife trafficking and bioculturality". functioning ecosystems. As humans, we would be in great
peril if we continued to lose biodiversity at the rate at which
The Convention on Biological Diversity is the international it’s occurring currently. And that’s because of us. It’s the
instrument for "the conservation of biological diversity, the things we are doing to the lands and the waters that are
sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable causing the loss of these species. That’s a bog problem for us,
participation in the benefits derived from the use of genetic because these species can play important roles in the
resources", which has been ratified by 196 countries. ecosystems in which they occur. They can be the pollinators.
They can be the creatures that help to provide food we eat,
Given the importance of public education and awareness for the shelter we live in. And at the same time, they can be a
the application of the Convention at all levels, the General source of new medicines and new breakthrough that will help
Assembly proclaimed May 22, the date of approval of the us lead better lives. Historically, the biggest threats to
text, International Day for Biological Diversity in 2000. biodiversity have been the destruction of natural ecosystems
to make way for croplands, the overexploitation of wildlife,
The appearance of COVID-19 has shown that when we the spread of non-native or invasive species. And increasingly
destroy biodiversity we destroy the system that supports we’re seeing climate change as a serious threat to
human life. The more biodiverse an ecosystem is, the more biodiversity. We also know that healthy ecosystems can be
difficult it is for a pathogen to spread rapidly or dominate. part of the solution to climate change. So, forests and
Loss of biodiversity provides an opportunity for pathogens to mangroves, these are ecosystems that are complex, but when
pass between animals and people. they’re healthy, they can store a lot of carbon. And so that
can help mitigate the effects of climate change. We’ve got to
We must learn and adapt faster than ever, and the COVID 19 have more parks and protected areas. We need to develop
virus has lessons that apply to global crises of biodiversity more sustainable agricultural practices, manage our fisheries
loss. For this reason, our best vaccine for the future is to so that they are not overharvested. And of course, we have to
protect nature and biodiversity. It is no longer just a matter of tackle the issue of climate change.
ecology but of being aware that if we want to reduce the
occurrence of pandemics we must have a healthy nature.

Loss of biodiversity also means that we are losing, before

discovery, many of nature's chemicals and genes, of the kind
that have already provided humanity with tremendous health
benefits. Traditional medicine continues to play an essential
role in health care, especially in primary health care.

In this framework, the UNESCO and UNEP Offices in Mexico

will organize the Virtual Dialogue “COVID-19 and its link with
biodiversity, illegal wildlife trafficking and bioculturality” on
May 22 at 12 noon and with the participation also from
UNODC and CONANP.
 FOOD TECHNOLOGY surrounding environment. For centuries, families
have survived and thrived as nomads in the hone of
FOOD GETTING AND FOOD PRODUCTION Africa. Every year, Somali Pastoralist have travelled
with their livestock from the coast to the highlands
and back in search of grazing lands. But over the last
few decades, multiple natural and man-made shocks
have depleted pasture conditions. Overtime, forests
and pastures have turned into deserts in some
regions who faced a severe environmental crisis

Agricultural Society
 invention of the plow were developed in order to
increase crop production
 utilized more complex tools in both crop and
livestock production. There was intensive
cultivation of the land following the private
ownership of land.
 VIDEO: Slowly overtime, increasing numbers of
humans change to become dependent upon
cultivated crops and domesticated animals for their
life and livelihood. The invention of the “plow”
marked the beginning of agrarian societies about
5000 years ago. The animal drawn plow made
planting much easier and more productive. It is still
used today for digging up furrows, for farmers to
plant their seeds. With improved agrarian
technology, human population increased and so did
Foraging or Hunting and Gathering Society the size of human settlements around the world.
 exploit wild plants and animals in their territory for Agrarian society relies more on agricultural
food production. It was the most common form of socio-
 They utilize simple implements to gather plant foods economic organization for most of recorded human
and hunt animals, such as the stone tools of early history
humans. Industrial Society
 largely nomadic moving from place to place  more advanced technologies in food production
searching for food were developed, specifically the mechanization and
 VIDEO: People here lived like people everywhere at industrialization
this time, as hunter gatherers in small mobile  Increased food production entailed the need for
groups. They were frequently on the move. Making processing and preservation so as to lengthen its
shelters wherever they could find animals to hunt or viability.
plants to gather. They’d live in these shelters for
weeks and months at a time, as long as they could Post-Industrial Society
keep feeding themselves. But as seasons change and  society marked by a transition from a
animals migrated, they move on to the next valley or manufacturing-based economy to a service-based
ridge looking for new sources of food. economy
Horticultural Society
 utilized simple gardening tools in planting food crops TED TALKS
 They practiced shifting cultivation  We’re in love with the idea of food that’s delivered
by mother nature herself. And romantic notions
Pastoral Society about natural food and what farm ought to be.
 domesticated herds of animals not only for food but  We’ve been tinkering and modifying our food for a
also for other animal products including eggs from long period of time.
chicken, wool from sheep, and milk from cows or  10000 year ago, in Mexico, Wild plant – tia sente:
goats. had edible grain but it was pretty sparse on the plant
 semi-nomadic as they do not settle in one place but and encased on a hard-woody shell; hard to eat
transfer to other places in search of greener  Farmers recognized spontaneous changes -
pastures for their herds Mutations – some were beneficials, some affected
 VIDEO: The sustainability and success of pastoralist the hard shell and amount of grain per plant
communities depends on most entirely on their
 Artificial selection – farmers specifically saved, from
those plants, and put those in the subsequent crops;
modern plant breeders do today.
 Modern plant breeders using the incredible power of
genetics to serve human needs
 Science is irreversibly embedded in the modern
farm.
 1960, when numbers of tractor surpassed the
number of working horses on the farm.
 1960, 8% of the workforce was a farmer but they
were pretty productive that each farmer on average
fed 26 other people that’s pretty good.
 Today, less than 2% of in the workforce are farmers,
each one on average provides for 155 people due
almost entirely to advances. Agricultural
technological advances based on science, higher
yielding and better performing seeds. Precision
machinery, incredible forecasting and digital tools,
better ways to manage pests.
 Grand challenge: Is not just providing food security
for a growing changing world but rather doing so in
an ecologically responsible way that doesn’t do
irreparable damage to the environment in the planet

 Food is so connected to who we are, to our values,

to our identity.
 Food is a broken system – animal farming – animals
are abused
 Greenhouse emission from livestock
 Solution: Absolute and complete reinvention

 chemicals we currently depend on and we can also save
money.
In spite of the efforts of local authorities around the
Household Chemistry-4 country, an estimated 30000 tons of hazardous material is
Aside from food, there are also a number of substances incorrectly are illegally disposed of in Ireland each year.
and objects utilized in our households.  It is also Even with the proper disposal of these hazardous materials,
important to know what these are made of, their uses, there is still a significant cost to the taxpayer. Ballymun
and possible reactions and effects on people.  This Rediscovery Center is a place where they reuse and
repurpose all sorts of household products that would
section explores the chemistry of the substances used in
otherwise be treated as waste.
every household.  It is with chemistry that one 2nd video
understands the basic properties of the chemicals inside There are thousands and thousands of chemicals out
every household and learns how to predict, explain how there that we are exposed to. And most people, even
chemicals change as they react to form new substances. pediatricians, know very little about the impact of prenatal
Understanding the chemistry of household chemicals exposure to these chemicals, how these chemicals are
enhances our awareness of household chemical safety working, how they’re affecting the brain, and how they’re
and precaution. affecting the development of the reproductive system of
humans. Some we already know are bad actors. Most of
VIDEOs them, we don’t know because there just hasn’t been
We live in a chemical world. Cleaning products, research. We all know that lead is bad. But many chemicals
pharmaceuticals, paints and pesticides contains some of the can come into the market in the US without being studied for
80,000 chemicals that now permeate our homes, bodies, and toxicity at all; or without being studies adequately in terms of
environment. It’s hard to imagine our lives without them, but their effects on the nervous systems or neurodevelopment, in
studies are continually finding even more compelling particular. Chemical exposures could affect hormone levels,
evidence of the harmful and long-lasting effects of some of and things like learning and memory, and attentions and
these compounds. These products can be found all around us, impulsivity.
at work, homes, gardens. These chemicals are things like bisphenol A, which is
Alchemy, metallurgy, potions, and powders were used in plastics and food packaging. Phthalates, which are
chemistry for most of our history. But the industrial used in personal care products, medical products, and some
revolution, war and the population explosion that followed building products. Triclosan, which is an antibacterial agent
gave rise to chemical industry. Now, worth almost four trillion that’s used in soaps. Benzophenone, which is in sunscreen.
euro worldwide annually. Exposure to a combination and Parabens, are antimicrobials that are used in makeup and
accumulation of chemicals has been linked to an increased other personal care products.
risk of cancer, impaired childhood development, and even Some of the products are on research and people
harm to our reproductive systems. In the environment, are wanting to have BPA-free food packaging since the word
chemicals bioaccumulate, soils get degraded, and our waters is out that it might be a bad actor. But other chemicals are
get polluted. In Ireland, there is an intersex in fishes. being used as replacements. And some of them are very
Millions of liters of household cleaning products, similar in structure to BPA. But we don’t know the effects of it
garden pesticides, DIY solvents, and paints are bought in since it has not been studied. “regrettable substitution”,
Ireland every year, substantial quantities and they’re where chemicals are being replaced by another thing that
contaminated containers are improperly disposed of, may be equally, or possibly even more, toxic. The goal is to let
permeating our environment and causing lasting damage. In people understand whether or not these chemicals have risk.
an attempt to combat this, local authorities organize special
hazardous waste collection days – special one day events,
where they encourage the public to bring in household
hazardous waste to be disposed correctly. Since it is
hazardous, it is very expensive to treat them and dispose
them. Each waste is labelled. Some people will read the label
and some people won’t since it is located in the back part of
the packaging. A lot of household cleaning materials and DIY
products are all new inventions, 40 or 50 years ago, there
were fewer materials available. We are bombarded by
advertising messages to go out and purchase more items
when we don’t need all those things.
`We should stop and think and do a little bit of
research on how to be more environmentally friendly in the
home and in the garden, we can reduce the amount of
  We use them as we go about our daily routines, to
clean, move, create, repair, relax, have fun, and
accomplish work.

Simple machines
Simple Machines-4  the most basic of the machines that we use daily to
make work easier.
This section shall focus on the simple machines that human  have accomplished great things as the building of
societies commonly utilize in their daily lives in various arenas pyramids, the creation of Stonehenge, and other
of social life. We may ignore these simple implements and fantastic man-made architectural creations through
tools, but these are the common technologies we use time. Lighthouse of Alexandria, Liuhe Pagoda
everyday.  When we say a SIMPLE MACHINE makes it easier for
us to do work, we mean that it requires LESS FORCE
Simple Machines or LESS EFFORT on our part to accomplish the same
MACHINE - a device that allows people to do WORK with less amount of work.
force or less effort.

WHAT IS Work?
Scientifically, WORK results when a force F acts upon an
object to cause a displacement d (or motion) on the part
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
of the object
MA is the ratio of output to input force magnitudes for any
 Juan exerts a force on the table
simple machine.
 As a result the table is displaced to the right
 Juan does work
output force F o
Work is done when… MA= =
 when pushing a table input force F i
 throwing a stone
 sweeping the floor MA is always greater than 1. Thus, output force is greater
 lifting a barbel than input force.

formula for WORK is: Less force (input) > MACHINE > greater force (output)
Work = Force x Displacement Work (by man) = Work (by machine)
(NOTE: this equation holds true if the force is in the same less force more force
direction as the displacement of the object) more displacement less displacement

FORCE (or effort) is the pull or the push you perform on an Less force (input) > MACHINE > greater force (output)
object, resulting in the object’s displacement.
The force is directed to right and the displacement is to the
right. The equation applies.

Machine
 Machines, from simple to very complex, surround us
as we go through our day.
 1st Class Lever

OUTPUT FORCE (LOAD) >FULCRUM >INPUT FORCE (EFFORT)

1st Class Lever

• The Fulcrum (fixed pivot point) is located between
the Effort (Input) and the Resistance (Output)
• The effort and the resistance move in opposite
directions.
• The effort force pushes down in order to lift the
resistance or load.
Examples:
Seesaw
Crowbar
Scissors

Simple Machines
These machines help us to move objects closer, apart, or to
raise them to different levels by increasing the force or
changing the direction of the force.

Lever - a rigid bar that is free to turn about a fixed point

called the fulcrum

Every Lever has three (3) parts:

1. Resistance Force, Output Force or Load What you are
trying to move or lift. 2nd Class Levers
2. Effort Force or Input Force The work done on the Lever.
3. Fulcrum A fixed pivot point.
 Fishing rod
tweezers

2nd Class Lever

• The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
• The fulcrum is at one end of the lever.
• The fulcrum is usually closer to the load.
• Produce a gain in force.
Examples:
Wheelbarrow
Bottle opener
Nutcrackers

The Pulley
• Makes lifting things with a rope easier by redirecting
force and the addition of additional pulleys

• Examples: flag pole, elevator, sails, fishing nets, clothes

3rd Class Levers lines, cranes, window shades and blinds, rock climbing gear

3rd Class Levers

• The effort is between the load and the fulcrum. The Fixed Pulley
• There is usually a loss in force, but a gain in speed One wheel
and distance. • If you have a single wheel and a rope, a pulley helps
Examples: you reverse the direction of your lifting force.
Broom
Shovel
 • If you want to lift something that weighs 100kg, you
have to pull down with a force equivalent to 100kg

The Pulley
Two wheels
• You can reduce the effort you need to lift the load.
• The load is supported by two sections of the same
rope (the two strands on the left)
• this means you can lift 100 kg load by pulling with a
distance travelled by load (¿ resistance)
force of just 50 kg MA=
distance travelled by effort

Screw
• Turns rotation into lengthwise movement
• Takes many twists to go a short distance
• Holds things together
• Examples: screws, bolts, clamps, jar lids, car jack,
spinning stools, spiral staircases

Wedge
• Pushes materials apart, cuts things
• Examples: axe, doorstop, chisel, nail, saw,
jackhammer, bulldozer, snow plow, horse plow,
zipper, scissors, airplane wing, knife, fork, bow of a
boat or ship

Four wheels Wheel and Axle

• Makes it easy to move things by rolling them, and
reducing friction
• Examples: car, bicycle, office chair, wheel barrow,
shopping cart, hand truck, roller skates

Complex Machines
• Combining two or more simple machines to work
together
• Examples:
– Car jack combines wedge and screw
– Crane or tow truck combines lever and
pulley
– Wheel barrow combines wheel and axle
with a lever

The Inclined Plane

a sloping surface that does not move
• Makes it easier to move objects upward, but you
have to go further horizontally
• Examples: highway or sidewalk ramp, stairs, inclined
conveyor belts, switchback roads or trails
 importance resulting in being taken advantage of.
Their lack of education led them to be ignorant of
things like unknowingly agreeing to contracts that
do not benefit them at all. They are in dire need of
help, support, and protection even up to this day. In
my opinion, the government should enact laws or
establish policies that will protect our Filipino
farmers not only from being mistreated but as well
as implementing price regulations of crops.

On the other hand, genetically modified organisms

(GMOs) were mentioned by the farmers in the
video. GMOs refers to any organism whose DNA
has been modified using genetic engineering
technology (Raman, 2020). Farmers were promised
that these agricultural technological advances based
on science were said to yield higher and better
performing seeds that can protect itself against
pests, low production costs, minimal labor, and
huge income. But that is not the case, although the
GM corns were yielding higher for the first few
years, it did not continue to do so since there were
stronger pests that attacked it resulting in poor
harvests. Pesticides that were sprayed to the GM
corns were affecting other crops surrounding it
making it more difficult for farmers to produce
quality crops at all. These GM corns were said to
contain toxins that affected humans and animals
when consumed making the lives of the farmers
much miserable. From my point of view, GMOs are
continuously developing. There will be a need to
thoroughly educate and verbally explain the effects
of these to the people, mostly the farmers, in a way
that they can know what they are dealing with.

Watch this documentary and share your short

insights/analysis:
Grand challenge: Is not just providing food security for a
growing changing world but rather doing so in an ecologically
responsible way that doesn’t do irreparable damage to the
Knowing that the Philippines is an agricultural environment in the planet
country, it is sad to know and see that our very own
farmers do not get to eat perfect three meals a day
or even have food on their table because they give
all their harvested crops to the traders as payments
for their debts. Also, farmers are in charge of doing
all the work, sacrificing their effort and time just to
provide food for the nation. Does that not make
anyone feel guilty? They are one of the most
vulnerable and abused sectors in the workforce.
Despite being the backbone of society, we see a
great disparity in their treatment compared to their
 Research Center report, about half of Americans
say they’ve seen made-up news about the
coronavirus.
• Distinguishing between trustworthy and
untrustworthy sources on social media- The best
rule of thumb for making sure information is
accurate is to check original sources and make
sure that (a) those sources are indeed
trustworthy, and (b) the information was
relayed accurately. Just because someone
claims to have learned something from a
reliable source doesn’t mean they’re relaying
that information accurately.

2. An influence on public response to the outbreak.

• Billions of people are free to publicly share their
opinions on COVID-19 across various social
platforms. We’ve seen individuals,
organizations, and businesses use social media
to spread awareness of COVID-19, as well as the
public actions that can be taken.
• Social distancing and home quarantine are
trending- Until a few weeks ago, many of us
hadn’t even heard of “social distancing,” which
refers to staying at least 6 feet away from others
to help prevent the spread of infection. Now,
social media users, from friends and family to
celebrities and governments, are regularly
calling for social distancing.
• Boasting and shaming panic buying - On social,
panic buying is being discussed in two distinct
ways: 1) people are posting about their own
panic buying, showing images of carts filled with
toilet paper, water bottles, and frozen meals;
and 2) people are posting pictures of empty
shelves or other people’s carts as a way to
shame supposed panic buyers.

3. A marketing platform.
• The COVID-19 outbreak presents a defining
moment for many brands in how they choose to
market their product.
• Socially responsible product marketing-
Information and Communication
Streaming services, for instance, are providing
In the face of COVID-19, social media is a great way for
entertainment for those bored at home.
individuals and communities to stay connected even while
Markets and restaurants with delivery services
physically separated.
are able to safely provide groceries and meals to
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA DURING A PANDEMIC those unable to venture out. Online courses are
1. A source of information (and misinformation). being offered for free and at reduced prices. All
• Finding trusted sources of information regarding in all, we’re seeing many businesses do the best
COVID-19 is extremely important. they can to ease the fear and discomfort being
• Social media companies are working to combat experienced by so many.
misinformation on coronavirus - At a time where
many of us are grappling for as much 4. A powerful way to bring positivity to a scary time.
information as we can get our hands on, the • No platform is perfect. But where there has
public is especially susceptible to false and been misinformation and fear on social media,
sometimes hazardous claims, which are then there’s also been an abundance of vital,
passed on to others. According to a new PEW lifesaving information, connection with others,
and global unity. The ability to share
 experiences with family and friends helps to  “a danger but a saving power…”
combat both literal and emotional isolation
while also reminding us that we’re all in this Human beings, with their technological advancements, not
together. only extended the human life span, particularly through
• Fundraisers organized and distributed on social advancements in medicine, but also made possible more
help raise money for those in need - People are efficient means of killing human beings, from the use of guns
also taking to social media to offer support in that can kill a few persons at a time to the employment of
any way they can, such as picking up groceries thermonuclear devices that can kill millions in an instant.
for individuals who are unable to leave home
or sharing information on how to support local Principle of causality
businesses who are struggling to pay their PLATO
employees.  considered as an instrument
• People are posting pictures and videos to share which implies that
their experiences- These are just a couple of technology is a means to an
the millions of examples where people have end
shown their support and empathy on social  founded on the relation of cause and effect
media. And while tone and delivery vary, the
message from one user to another remains
CAUSALITY EXISTENCE
constant: you are not alone in this, there are
silver linings to be enjoyed, and it’s okay to
experience this in any number of ways.
“When I was young, Cebes, I was tremendously eager for the
•
kind of wisdom which they call investigation of nature. I
thought it was a glorious thing to know the causes of
CHAPTER 3 everything, why each thing comes into being and why it
TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY perishes and why it exists […]” (Phaedo96a.)

Philosophical Perspective of Technology -expounded by Plato’s student, Aristotle (384-322 BCE).

The Meaning of Technology.
Understanding technology is understanding its existence To Aristotle, there are four causes:

Two statements may serve as the answer for this question. - the material [causa materialis],
- formal [causa formalis],
1. Technology is a means to an end; it is an - efficient [causa efficiens], and
“instrument” to meet our needs. (instrumental - final [causa finalis]
definition)
2. 2) Technology is a human activity. (anthropological
Share your insights after reading the article (check
definition)
Environment and Society ppt for the link) using the
Philosophical Perspective of Technology comment section below. 

This section discusses the decisive but missing element in our  What lessons should we remember about the
understanding of technology - the human being link between biodiversity, illegal wildlife
trafficking, and bioculturality?
philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-
1976) reexamines the meaning, origin, There is a need for everyone to be aware and
and the essence of technology. informed of what is happening in this time of
pandemic. I am saying this because I had a webinar
*etymon the ancient Greek term,
from USC-RCY about COVID-19 and I had learned
techne
that the virus is a mutation between a corona virus
that is often translated as of an animal and corona virus of a human. Even
"craftsmanship", "craft", or “fine art". before, an epidemic happened in 2003-2004
infecting 34 countries due to a virus linked to civet
 technology is inseparable cats. This particularly shows the need for humans to
from the human condition significantly care about the biodiversity and wildlife
 Human being is the locus of meaning for technology animals because if we continue to do harm more
to exist than good, loss of biodiversity will have severe
implications for humanity, including the collapse of
food and health systems. Remember that when we
destroy biodiversity, we destroy the system that
supports human life. We all are interdependent with
each other that is why we should know how to
change for the better of not just ourselves but also
for everyone and everything.

Watch the video  (check Environment and Society

ppt for the link)

 Why is biodiversity important based on the

video?
 What caused the destruction of our
biodiversity? 
 Share your insights about the role of humans
in the  conservation and/ or destruction of
our biodiversity

As it was defined in the video, biodiversity is all

about the variety of life such as the animal life,
plant life, bacteria, different organisms, and habitats
they flourish in. Biodiversity is significant to most
aspects of lives because we ultimately rely on this
for maintaining healthy, robust, high-functioning
ecosystems, and provides basic human needs such
as food, fuel, shelter, and medicine. However, there
is currently a continuous loss of biodiversity caused
by human activities such as habitat destruction,
agricultural intensification, overexploitation,
climate emissions, invasive species, and pollution.
All of these can lead to a great biodiversity loss. On
the contrary, we, humans have a vital role in
conserving our biodiversity that is to cooperate in
mitigating climate changes through planting trees,
fortifying en