SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN VIDISHA, MADHAYA PRADESH

THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT
FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BY
VIJAYA SAXENA
ROLL NO. 180106230005
SESSION 2018 – 2021
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. GOVIND SINGH CHOUHAN
ASST. PROF. (CIVIL ENGG. DEPTT.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINNERING

MEWAR UNIVERSITY
GANGRAR CHHITORGARH
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIDISHA,

MADHYA PRADESH” submitted by Ms. VIJAYA SAXENA, Roll No. 180106230005 in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology degree in

Environmental Engineering at the Mewar University, Gangrar Chittorgarh is an authentic work

carried out by her under my supervision and guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any

other University/Institute for the award of any Degree.

Date : (Govind Singh Chouhan)

Asst. Prof.
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Mewar University
Gangrar, Chittorgarh
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

For any work to be successful the contributions of people involved are crucial. I take this

opportunity to convey my heartfelt gratitude and acknowledge the help, support and guidance of

many individuals and institutions. I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my former teacher

Mr.Govind singh chouhan mewar university for your guidance, support, feedback and patience.

I would like to thanks Dr. Eishar Ahmad, head of the civil engineering department, Mewar

University, for their precious support. I also thanks full to all the waste workers, who shared their

experience. I will never forget all of your personal touch. I also thanks full to my brother &

sister for supporting me.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN, VIDISHA, MADHYA PRADESH INDIA.
By VIJAYA SAXENA
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mewar university gangrar, in Partial Fulfilment for
M.TECH. (Environmental engineering)
Feb. 2021

Abstract:

This thesis considers the solid waste management system in vidisha, Madhya pradesh, India,
in order to develop a framework for sustainable solid waste management in future.
The objectives of this thesis are:
1) To explain the present waste management system and practices in Vidisha.
2) To spot factors that influence waste management in Vidisha.
3) To assess the newly proposed solid waste management system.
4) To propose recommendations for development of a sustainable solid waste management
system.
The objectives were addressed primarily through semi-structured interviews and
discussions with various stakeholders along side non-participatory method tools. The study
analyzed the present solid waste management system and identified the strengths and
therefore the weaknesses of the system. It was observed that the current solid waste
management system practiced in Vidisha is unsustainable. There is no provision for the
segregation of waste. The collection and transportation of waste is insufficient and
inappropriate. Officially, there is no provision for composting or recycling of the waste.
Majority of the waste is dumped in open land fill and other people aren't involved in solid
waste deciding process or the solid waste management system. Further, the study also
analyzed the newly proposed solid waste management system. It was found that the newly
proposed system is better than the existing system; the new proposal outlines a framework
of two stream waste segregation system. The proposed waste collection and transportation is
an improvement on the present system. Composting of biodegradable waste is a
crucial feature of the proposal. For developing a sustainable solid waste management system
for the longer term. Some of these recommendations are:
1) Involving people for consultation with respect to solid waste management decision
making process.
2) Promotion of reduction, reuse and recycling.
3) Promotion of community based composting.
4) Doorstep collection of segregated waste.
5) Responsible bureaucracy.
The thesis summarizes that the current solid waste management system is not sustainable.
The proposed system can be improved on following the list of recommendations mentioned
in the thesis. The thesis concludes that people in Vidisha municipal area are willing to
participate and contribute towards the development of a sustainable system. Finally, a set of
recommendations have been provided for laying the foundation towards sustainable solid
waste management system in Vidisha municipal area.
 CONTENTS

S. No. Topic Page No.

1 Acknowledgement i
2 Abstract ii
3 List of Figures iii
4 List of Tables iv
CHAPTER - 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Study Area 4
1.3 Research purpose & objectives 4
1.4 Case study approach 4
1.5 Limitations 4
1.6 Population & waste launch 4
1.7 Thesis organization 7
CHAPTER – 2 – SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Defining solid waste 9
2.3 Growth in waste generation 10
2.4 Composition 14
2.5 Lack of effective collection & transportation facilities 14
2.6 Health problems 15
2.7 Environmental problems 15
2.8 Institutional problems 15
2.9 Summarizing the problems 16
2.10 Integrated solid waste management 16
2.11 Reduction is waste generation 16
2.12 Cruel place 16
2.13 Waste management issue in India 16
CHAPTER – 3 – METHODS
3.1 Research 18
3.2 Data collection 18
3.3 Interviews are involved 18
3.4 Data analysis 19
3.5 Vidisha farming equipment – A later guide 19
3.6 Garbage collection 19
3.7 Waste transportation 19
3.8 Waste disposal 20
3.9 Composting 20
3.10 Incineration 21
3.11 Reduce, Reuse & Repair 21
3.12 Recycling 21
3.13 Prohibition on polybag 21
3.14 Process affecting waste management in Vidisha 21
3.15 Regulations 22
CHAPTER – 4 – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIDISHA
4.1 Population & launch of waste 24
4.2 Regional integrated MSW facilities 24
4.3 Action plan for waste management in the state 26
4.4 Proposal processing & technological ability 34
4.5 Biomethanetion 34
Institutional mechanism for implementations of
4.6 37
proposed ISWM project
4.7 Investment, Requirement & Phasing 37
4.8 Short term plan & objectives 37
4.9 Aerated windrow composting 39
4.10 Features of windrow composting 39
Project for processing treatment of solid waste in
4.11 40
Vidisha
Chapter – 5 – POSSIBILITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
5.1 Cleaning of waste material 41
5.2 Waste management leaders 41
5.3 Developing strategic planning & research 42
5.4 Strength and effectiveness of application 42
5.5 Transportation of waste 43
5.6 Waste management leaders 43
5.7 Planning & management team 43
5.8 More beyond the plan 43
5.9 Initiate better management 43
5.10 Stakeholder participation 44
5.11 Decision making 44
5.12 Short term action plan 44
5.13 Create a line entry file 44
5.14 Set goals immediately 45
5.15 Promote community mobility 45
5.16 Support 3 R’S system 46
5.17 Ban on polybag 46
5.18 Imploring solid waste management plan 46-47
Chapter – 6 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions 48
6.1.1 Population and the launch of waste : 48
6.1.2 Proposal processing technological and ability 50
6.1.3 Proposed Processing Technique Bio product : 52
6.1.4 Costs required for proposal processing / CAPEX 52
6.1.5 Implementation of the project 55
6.2 Current Procedures 57
6.2.1 Current Procedures for waste management 57
6.2.2 Characteristics affecting waste management 57
6.2.3 Announce waste management procedures 57
6.2.4 Increase reduction, reuse and recycling 58
6.2.5 Compost 58
6.2.6 Garbage collection 58
6.2.7 Waste disposal 58
6.2.8 Improve long-term goals 59
6.3 References 60-62
 List of Table:

S. No. Table No. Topic Page No.

1 1.1 Projection of population and launch of solid waste 6

2 2.1 Municipal solid waste generations in metro city 12

3 2.2 Composition of waste in Indian cities 13

4 2.3 Typical composition of municipal waste 14

5 4.1 Cluster details of Madhya Pradesh 25

6 4.2 Population range by ULBs 26

7 4.3 Regional Integrated MSW facilities 30

8 4.4 Details of ward of Vidisha 31-32

9 6.1 Projection of population 49

10 6.2 Proposed Processing Technique and Capability 51

11 6.3 Costs required for proposed processing / CAPEX 53

12 6.4 Expenditure for operation and maintenance of proposed processing

54
/ OPEX

13 6.5 Essential land Summary 56

 List of Figure and Chart:

S. No. Topic Page No.

1.1 Fig. Position of Vidisha in India’s map 2

1.2 Fig. map of study area (Vidisha) 3

2.1 Waste composition on the basis of income of countries 11

4.1 Door to Door collection across the Vidisha 27

4.2 Door to Door collection across the Vidisha 28

4.3 Method of Collection 29

4.4 Trenching ground for production of power 33

4.5 Process of Biomethanation 35

1|Page

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 - Background

In a developing country, the issues related to solid waste management are more acute.
Lack of monetary resources and infrastructure to affect solid waste creates a vicious cycle;
lack of resources results in inferiority of service provision which results in fewer people
willing to buy said services, which successively further erodes the resource base then on.
The problem is further complicated by rapid climb in population and urbanization, which
adds greatly to the quantity of waste being generated and to the demand for waste retrieval
service in municipal areas. However, more often than not, a rise in population isn't matched
with an equal increase in revenue for the local municipalities for waste management).
Besides this, rapid urbanization means rapid climb of shanty dwelling units that are largely
unplanned for, and increase the waste, health, and hygiene problems. Another significant
factor that contributes to the matter of solid wastes during a developing country scenario is
that the lack of proper collection and transportation facilities. Improper
planning including rapid climb of population and urbanization serves to feature congestion
in streets, and as a result the waste collection vehicles cannot reach such places, thus
allowing filth to build up over time. Lack of monetary resources, at times, leads to improper
or no transportation vehicles for waste disposal adding another dimension to the ever rising
cycle of problems In any developing country, the threats posed by improper handling and
disposal of solid wastes (though often ignored) contribute to the high level of two
mortality and morbidity .Human and ecosystem health is also threatened due to improper
handling of solid wastes.
2|Page

Fig. 1.1 Position of Vidisha in India’s map

3|Page

Fig. 1.2 map of study area (Vidisha)

4|Page

1.2 - Study area :

This study was conducted in the Vidisha city in the state of Madhya pradesh, India, located
near the state capital Bhopal. The study area lies in India. Vidisha municipality, is located
between 23º31’33.74” N Latitude and 77º48’39.31”E Longitudes. the elevation of Vidisha is
423.78 meters (1390.34feet) Vidisha town covers an area of 7371 sq. km (2,846 sq mi) &
Density is 200/km^2 (519/semi and major soil type is black cotton. The average annual rainfall
(mm) is 1135.5. Vidisha has 36 wards. The population of Vidisha is 1458875.

1.3 - Research purpose and Objective:

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the solid waste management system in Vidisha
municipal area, Madhya pradesh, India, in order to develop a framework for sustainable solid
waste amazement in future. Within this context the objectives of this thesis To describe and
explain the present waste management system and practices in Vidisha municipal area, to
identify the factors that influence waste management in the Vidisha city to assess the new solid
waste management system being proposed by the Vidisha municipality, and to propose
recommendations for development of a sustainable solid waste management system.

1.4 - Case Study Approach:

I used Vidisha municipality as a case study. The research objectives were met through the
collection of primary data through interviews, workshops, and literature review. Secondary data
was used (wherever available) to further enhance the understanding and to verify the quality of
information gathered. Methods used for the study involved open-ended interviews with different
stake holders, which allowed the study to include a spread of views on the waste problem.
Secondary was used for cross checking the findings wherever necessary and available. Current
management practice was assessed in consultation with the local people, municipal
administration, and district authorities. Data were collected through direct observation by the
researcher as well. By doing so, this study has been able to find out the nature and characteristics
of waste management system; along with other strengths/constraints of the current waste
management system (detailed methods have been discussed in Chapter 3).

1.5 - Limitations:
There are certain limitations to this study, originating from the ground situations
including: political in stability, lack of baseline data. Researcher bias: I was born and brought up
in Vidisha, and I was thus quite familiar with the situation prevailing within the study area vis-á-
vis solid waste management. Therefore, I could understand the context of my objectives easily
and I could place myself in the mindset of the people, while remaining a non-participant
observer. Further, I am familiar with the language, culture and custom of the place;

1.6 - Population and waste launch:

According to the record dated 2.1.2011, the total population of Vidisha has increased
to 1, 55,951. Population between 2001 and 2011 and increase of about 24.30% has been
reported in the district. 31,627 Residential home / premises distributed in 36 wards.
5|Page

* Based on the analysis of urban development and the survey conducted, it can be estimated
that the current in the district, about 330 grams per person per person (GPCD) rate of solid
waste is being generated. A description of the solid waste arising due to urbanization and
change in the consumption figures of the person the year will increase by 2%.

*Based on the above parameters and keeping in mind the population of 2029, this DP was
prepared has gone. The population of the year 2029 and the quantity of solid waste
generated are presented in the following table.
6|Page

Table 1.1 : Projection of population and launch solid waste

Projection of population and solid waste

Launch Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
parameters 2019 2024 2029 2034 2039 2044 2049

Population 188982 212498 238682 267950 300816 338490 380853

Number of 38275 43040 48400 54325 61102 68650 77125

Family

GPCD 340 375 415 450 490 550 600

Per daySolid 68 78 105 128 155 189 232
Quantity of Metric Metric Metric Metric Metric Metric Metric
waste tonne tonne tonne tonne tonne tonne tone
7|Page

1.7 - Thesis Organization:

This thesis is organized in six chapters. These are introduction; Chapter 2
consists of the literature related to solid waste management in developing countries.
Chapter 3 outlines the study methods. In chapter 4 the study area is described in detail
as is the current waste management system. Chapter 5 outlines the considerations for
the development of solid waste management in Vidisha municipality area and
Chapter 6 provides the summary, conclusions and recommendations.
8|Page

CHAPTER 2
SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

“Only within the instant of your time represented by this century has one species -- man --
acquired significant power to change the character of his world”. - Rachel Carson.

2.1 Introduction :
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson published in 1962 marked the awakening of a new
line of thinkers, who were not just concerned with society and economy but also with
environment (IISD 2002). Since then, there has been a constant effort to understand the
interdependence among various organisms and their environments (Taka’s 1996).
Interdependence of organisms and their ecosystem implies that all living beings have an
effect on the environment; however, the impact of humans on environment is greater than
that of any other species sustainable development has been described by World Commission
on Environment and Development (WCED) 1997 as “development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the power of future generations to satisfy their own
needs”. The paradigm of sustainable development has led us to re-think and reframe our
approach towards environment, economy and society; generally more emphasis and focus is
put on the environmental aspect of sustainable development, but sustainability may be
a much broader concept than simply environmental protection. Sustainable development is
related to the quality of life; the environmental, social and economic systems that form the
community must provide a healthy, productive and meaningful life for all forms of life, both
in the present as well as in the future (UNESA 2002). The paradigm of sustainable
development has thus, made us conscious of the necessity to prevent environmental
degradation and live sustainably. Environmental degradation leads to resource degradation,
declining standards of living, the extinctions of large numbers of species, health problems in
the human population.
Order to achieve sustainable development, a conscious effort is being made today to
sustain the environment and stop further degradation; various local, regional and
national governments and local, regional, national and international agencies have
been working towards promoting environment friendly lifestyle and protecting the
fragile ecosystems of the planet. The paradigm of sustainable development requires quality
and harmony of environment, economy and society. And sustainable evelopment is not
possible unless this equality is felt by the masses. The idea of sustainable urban
development has been briefly summarized by Moningka (2002) as follows: “Meeting the
need of the present....” Providing social, cultural and health needs: for instance housing, water,
sanitation, waste retrieval services; which should protect the masses from health and
environmental hazards human life” Chakrabarty (2002, p. 5). Hence, the paradigm of sustainable
development combines improving the quality of life while controlling or limiting the harmful
9|Page

impacts of human activities on the environment. The goal of achieving sustainable development
can thus, be incorporated in solid waste management as follows: to protect environmental
health, to promote the quality of the urban environment, to support the efficiency and
productivity of the economy, to generate employment and income, and to ensure and promote,
health, hygiene and sanitation to people from all walks of life.

2.2 Defining Solid Waste :

Solid waste is broadly comprised of non-hazardous domestic, commercial and industrial refuse
including household organic waste, hospital and institutional garbage, street sweepings, and
construction wastes (Zerboc 2003).

Classifications of solid waste generators:

1. Residential: Includes waste generated in household units, such as food and fruit peels,
rubbish, ashes etc
2. Industrial: Has two components hazardous, which is toxic; corrosive; flammable; industrial
solid waste, usually including, but not limited to, materials such as rock, brick, glass, dirt,
and certain plastics and rubber, etc., that aren't readily decomposable
3. Commercial: Waste produced by wholesale, retail or service establishments, such as
restaurants, stores, markets, theatres, hotels and warehouses.
4. Institutional: Waste that originates in schools, hospitals, research institutions and public
buildings.
5. Construction and demolition: Waste building material and rubble resulting from construction,
remodelling, repair, and demolition operations on houses, commercial buildings, pavements
and other structures.
6. Municipal services: Sludge from a sewage treatment plant which has been digested and
dewatered and does not require liquid handling equipment etc.
7. Treatment plant wastes: principally composed of residual sludge.
8. Agricultural: Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, rubbish, hazardous wastes.
Impact: Improper handling and disposal of solid waste has multi-dimensional impact on
human and environmental well being. Improper dumping can lead to pollution of air, soil,
and water, contamination of surface and ground water supplies, clogging of drains, creation
of stagnant water for insect breeding, floods in the plains and landslides in the hilly areas
during rainy seasons. Improper incineration and burning of wastes contributes significantly to
urban air pollution; greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated from the landfills and untreated
leach ate pose threat to human as well as environmental well being The problems associated
with SWM in a developing country framework are multi- dimensional and more acute in
comparison to the developed nations.
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2.3 Growth in waste generation :

Several studies have shown that growing urban population results in huge increase in waste
generation (Schübeler 1996, Rapten 1998, Medina 2002, Zerboc 2003, Zurbrugg 2003).
specially in case of developing country scenario, the speed of waste generation far exceeds the
infrastructural provision. (Chakrabarti and Sarkhel 2003). The insufficiency of services results in
the deterioration of the urban environment within the sort of water, air, and land pollution; which
not only poses risks to human health but to the environment also (Medina 2002).
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Figure 2.1 Waste composition on the basis of income of countries

High-income countries produce more in organic waste like plastic, paper, metal etc.

70 Low income countries

Lower middle income countries

60
Percentage(%)

Upper middle income countries

High income countries
50

40

Organic Papers Other Plastic Metal Glass

Sources: Anon. 2012, ‘Waste composition’; What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste
Management, World Bank
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Table: 2.1 municipal solid waste generations in metro city

Sr. City Municipal Municipal Solid Percapita

No. Population Wastes(tpd) waste(kg/day)
1. Ahmedabad 2,87,610 1,683 0.585
2. Bangalore 41,30,288 2,000 0.484
3. Bhopal 10,62,771 546 0.514
4. Calcutta 96,43,211 3,692 0.383
5. Chennai 47,52,974 3,124 0.657
6. Coimbatore 8,16,321 350 0.429
7. Delhi 84,19,084 4,000 0.475
8. Hyderabad 40,98,734 1,566 0.382
9. Indore 10,91,674 350 0.321
10. Jaipur 14,58,483 580 0.398
11. Kanpur 18,74,409 1,200 0.640
12. Kochi 6,70,009 347 0.518
13. Lucknow 16,19,115 1,010 0.623
14. Ludhiana 10,42,740 400 0.384
15. Mumbai 1,22,88,519 5,355 0.436
16. Madurai 9,40,989 370 0.392
17. Nagpur 16,24,752 443 0.273
18. Patna 9,17,243 330 0.360
19. Pune 22,44,196 700 0.312
20. Surat 14,98,817 900 0.600
21. Vadodara 10,31,346 400 0.389
22. Varanasi 10,30,863 412 0.400
23. Visakhapatnam 7,52,037 300 0.400
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Table 2.2 Composition of waste in Indian cities

City State Biodegradable Non- Inert (%) Domestic

(%) biodegradab hazardous (%)
Cities with population of 1
million - plus
Bangalore Karnataka 64 28 5 3
Telangana 55 40 5 -
Delhi Delhi 50 35 15 `
Indore Madhya Pradesh 50 35 15 -
Patna Bihar 51 27 15 -
Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 57 30 11 -
Mysuru Karnataka 50 35 15 -
Cities with population o 0.1–1million
Thiruvananthap Kerala 60 35 4 1
Gaya Bihar 55 34 11
Muzaffarpur Bihar 55 25 18 2
Imphal Manipur 55 35 5
Alappuzha Kerala 75 20 5 -
Gangtok Sikkim 51 28 21 -
Cities with population below 0.1 million
Balaghat Madhya Pradesh 70 25 5 -
Bobbili Andhra Pradesh 50 26 20 4
Vaijapur Maharashtra 50 45 5 -
Panchgani Maharashtra 70 25 5 -
Vengurla Maharashtra 54 40 5 1
Source: CSE, 2018.
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2.4 Composition :
The composition of garbage in India indicates lower organic matter and high ash or dust
contents. it has been estimated that recyclable contents in solid waste varies from 13 to 20 %
and combustible material is about 80 to-85% A typical composition of municipal less solid
waste.

Description Percent by weight

Vegetable, leaves 40.15

Grass 3.80

Paper 0.81

Plastic 0.62

Glass, ceramics 0.44

Metal 0.64

Stones, ashes 41.81

Table 2.3 : typical composition of municipal waste

The waste density is 2-3 times greater than industrialized nations and moisture content is 2-3
times greater. There is large amount of organic waste. the main disposal method for solid waste
is open dumping. The dumping sites are very near to areas of human .it is very unsafe for human
& environment.
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2.6 Lack of effective collection and transportation facilities

The infrastructural problems are not just confined to waste disposal. Frequently, developing
countries lack facilities for correct handling, collection and transportation of the generated
wastes. Inadequate planning and layout due to rapid urbanization causes urban centres in the
developing countries to be more congested and populated. Often the waste collection trucks
cannot reach every part of the town, compelling the residents to throw their garbage in open
dumping spaces near human settlement. Congestion of traffic makes transportation of waste
more time consuming and as a result more expensive and less efficient municipality uses open
tractor trailers to transport waste and often some portion of waste ends up on the road through
which other vehicle pass. Waste composition one of the most significant differences between the
wastes generated in developed and developing nations is in terms of its composition. The wastes
generated in developed countries are mainly inorganic in nature, whereas organic contents form a
large portion of waste in developing countries.

2.7 Health problems

Serious public health problems arise thanks to uncollected solid waste and waste often leading to
many infectious diseases including water borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery. Such
incidence of diseases puts additional burden on the scanty health services available in resource
poor developing countries. Insect and rodent vectors are attracted to the waste and one may recall
that as many as 200,000 people had to flee after the outbreak of pneumonic plague in Surat in
Western India (1994).
Contamination of ground water by disease causing organisms from water seeping through dumps
is likely to include the viruses of hepatitis, poliomyelitis such water contamination may have
long run health effects apart from dysentery and cholera. The U.S. Public Health Service
identified 22 human diseases that are linked to improper solid waste management (Hanks, 1967
in Hoornweget al., 1993). The most immediate health threat due to solid waste in developing
countries is to the waste workers, rag pickers and scavengers. World Health Organization
(WHO), Chang et al. (2001) recognized seven different ways, through which pollutants can
transport back to affect human health.

2.8 Environmental problems

The impacts of solid waste on environment is immense, from release of harmful green house
gases (GHGs) to contamination of ground water, improper solid waste can wreck havoc on The
environmental health. The most serious environmental problem in terms of solid wastes is the
emission of GHGs Generally in developing countries, dump sites are managed by
indiscriminately burning the wastes. Burning causes heavy metals like lead, toxic gases and
smoke to spreads over residential areas. The wind also carries waste, dust and gases caused by
decomposition. Air pollution due to burning of waste and spreading of toxic fumes causes’
sizable amount of injury to both environment and human health Putrefaction of waste in sunlight
during daytime results in bad smells and reduced visibility and it ruins the ambience of the place.
16 | P a g e

2.9 Institutional problems :

The most serious impediment for a sustainable solid waste management is that, there is a wide
range of individuals, groups and organizations that are involved with waste as service users,
service providers, intermediaries and/or regulators.

2.10 Summarizing the problems :

The problems related to waste management during a developing country framework are often
briefly summarized as follows. Ever growing urban population. Lack of basic finance and
infrastructure. Faulty management system Linear thinking.

2.11 Integrated solid waste management :

Given the huge complexity of issues and problems in various solid waste management systems
across developing nations, it is apparent that the top-down solutions and management strategy
will no longer be effective. Rather, a much broader and more integrated set of solutions will be
needed to ensure long term sustainability of the waste management system. In the developed
countries the most compatible environmentally sustainable development approach to waste is the
“Integrated Waste Management (Daskalopoulos et al. 1998, Medina 2002, Zerboc 2003). Medina
(2002, p. 17) states that the “integrated waste management aims to be socially desirable,
economically viable and environmentally sound”.

2.12 Reduction in waste generation :

“Prevention is best than cure”, so goes an old adage, and it's one among the simplest
method to deal with the problem of solid waste. By preventing (reducing) the generation of waste
itself, we will minimize other problems (namely, disposal) related to waste to a great extent. In
order to scale back waste generation several methods or tool can be applied, some of which may
be:
♣ Enacting public policies that discourage the assembly, sale and consumption of products
containing unnecessary packaging material.
♣ Promotion of local grown products and less reliance on packaged food products go a long way
in reducing wastes.
♣ Education can play a critical role by creating awareness regarding the waste and related issues
among the masses.

2.13 Cruel places :

The landfill is a specialized design facility for end-to-end disposal impure metal, which is
marginally better than open solid; the main differences of a Landfill safety and open waste are
the hallmarks of technology, planning as well co-management .The waste management plan for
the landfill is the least dangerous Human health and the environment interfere with waste. Clean
waste landfills also prevent holes absorbs methane and can also be included in other pollution
17 | P a g e

control measures, etc. collection and treatment of leach ate, and amplification or ignition of
methane. Electricity generation from burn of waste.

2.14 Waste management issues in India :

In the last two years much higher waste rates have been generated in India Increase in excess
value. According to a recent study conducted by Tata Energy National Institutes of Health
(TERI), the start of SW established daily, in India rang by Approximately 100 grams in small
towns to 700 grams in large cities as compared to around 50 to 400 grams villages (Shaleen and
Pandey 2001) respectively. This has been attributed to rapid growth population and
consumerism. On average, the cost of waste generation in India should be high increase by the
rate of 1% -1.33% This shows that by the end of 2047, India will have electricity generation
around 260 tonnes of waste annually which is almost 5 times the current waste developer To
dispose of waste approximately 1400 sq. m. kms of land, required for soil physical instability as
population growth and urban development has made the land insufficient.

Detailsnot only can solid waste management protect the health environment but it can remote
better health, hygiene and business for the poor part of the race too. Management plans or plans
cannot be broadly stated, more community involvement and community management is needed
motivation. City rules and regulations must be followed exactly greater public participation and
involvement by private consumers. That is not the case Farming (clothing selectors, selectors,
etc.) can be a big part of the waste management. Plan and develop waste management plans, as
required Involved in all stages of life, and should allow all bets (residents government, citizens,
clothing choices, etc.) address their concerns and issues Waste. Education should be an integral
part of management programs, and the public should be made aware of the risks and
opportunities involved with solids.
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Chapter -3
Methods

The study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020. This study was designed for
Understanding the waste management process in vidisha The keys to this work The study is a
type of study municipality - Vidisha, India. This study examines the use of permission Internal
procedures, such as interviews, group discussions, are generally allowed conclusions to be drawn
from facts.

3.1 Research :
Interactive and participatory debates in research are often valuable for written materials. The aim
of this study is to identify measures that will contribute to long-term business waste management
procedures in Vidisha. So I need a way, and that’s both flexible. Considering the above
requirements, it is the best research study appropriate approach to follow. Searching for valuable
products allows the use of different methods, .i allows me to easily switch between my devices.
The success of the research also helped me perform data analysis research studies I started doing
data research which was an inquiry idea to do good research and research Vidisha waste
management process in detail. I write detailed information using one various writing procedures,
which allowed me to learn the waste management procedures within vidisha.

3.2 Data Collection :

I drew in many ways. Strategies for participatory discussion, plan, exchange and non-
participatory analysis and analysis (data, and discussions) with important information and the
involvement of members of the public, community groups and non – members government
agencies.

3.3 Interviews are involved :

I also rely on partial debates to get the public's attention local leaders talk about waste
management. How they see the problems hit With current waste management, they also see it as
an important area of concern Impacts on solid waste management and their prospects for future
energy. the interview was simple enough. The streams and tone of the conversation were
adjusted accordingly responses from attendees. Even applicants will be asked the same question
questions, the format of the interview was adapted according to the interviewees, i.e. question
modifications were made based on participants' responses. In addition, partial conversations also
allow different people to express their views The concern in private is that they need a semi -
structured discussion that will allow me to be personal perceptions of different people. Identify
secondary data The research involved collecting data from a variety of sources, members of the
public, waste workers, leaders etc. Apart from the original information I wrote I also looked at
the information in the book, advertisements, advertisements, local newspapers.
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3.4 Data Analysis :

As different sources collected the data, I wrote the data. Data can be separated by subject. That
process of information care to gain a general understanding of new releases, models and
concepts. Information it was divided into several categories created by analyzing the text.
Some of these categories are: manufacturing, waste transportation and transportation, decision -
making process, public participation in the decision - making process and so on.

3.5 Vidisha Farming Equipment - A Later Guide :

Vidisha municipality is in the area of the same name. Vidisha municipality is divided into 36
wards for administration Vidisha Rules - Mixed, strong and functional The officers responsible
for local authorities are: city, leader-chief, and leader. The municipality refers to the Board
Councilors consisting of councilors elected directly by the church and not- elected
representatives elected by the government. waste disposal controlled throughout all parts of the
city. At the city level, plan and implement waste management is seen as a hierarchy. The
President makes decisions within the Council and on to our sanitary inspector and assistant
engineer, who have different roles. Hygiene inspectors and assistant technicians perform the
tasks assigned to them in part. The Director manages waste management, with the assistance of
The Vice President and Member of the Group is responsible for care and well-being. The day - to
- day supervisor is responsible for the work of the management team Public Health Officer
(MOH).

3.6 Garbage collection :

Garbage collection has been done by the municipality. Related issues waste collection and
transportation can be understood as follows. The Urban Local Bodies of Madhya pradesh have
1,782 Rickshaws, 2,296 Auto Tippers, 63 Back loaders and 17 Refuse Compactors were deployed
for carrying out primary and secondary collection thus achieving 100% collection efficiently. All
the ULBs are conducting IEC activities for the citizens, explaining importance of source
segregation and not littering of waste on streets and public places.

3.7 waste transportation :

Ensure that waste is collected daily from tanks throughout the municipal area and carried to an
open load. It has been found that garbage is transported in tractors or open trucks and have a
tendency to fall with every influence or hole in the path waste is transported in an open cart
trolley In a landfill, the truck is lined up against the shells and the workers were thrown to the
ground. This is a very dangerous endeavor, and laborers are constantly in danger of losing their
balance and falling into sediment. Waste workers throwing garbage in the chute without
protection. Garbage dumping The landfill / landfill site is located at the foot of the Vidisha small
town; located near the teelakheri .. This site had a rope system that would pick up the trash to the
landfill site. When asked about the cable car, one of the residents living near landfills he said:
“The cable car was functional and no one has ever built it. He knew why it was stopped, it is
20 | P a g e

unfortunate to see that no planning was done in addition to any small planning done by the
British during its development town. “The cable car system is now malfunctioning; all waste is
being collected unloading areas with the help of vehicles.
Loading machine Mostly business, individuals or insiders the market retains recyclable
materials. This is the beginning of making money increase, because recyclable materials can be
sold. Renewal as described in no information available; However, Vidisha has a weak track
record of waste workers who will perform recyclable materials.

3.8 Waste disposal :

Vidisha still practices waste disposal practices without any properties and composition. The
waste is placed in a garbage can and dumped in a municipal tank or sprayed on the vetva river.
From there, waste is collected from municipal waste vehicle collection and carried (and cut in)
municipal landfill Reusable plastic water bottles used by waste disposal workers during
incineration ground A lack of subdivision in the middle or separation of play procedures will be
described as follows the elite on waste segregation of Vidisha city residents. Only certain
sections of the population are urged to separate, use and use waste Defecate after composting,
feed their animals, or sell some recyclables. Presence of unrecognized models in Vidisha in the
absence of restoration the machine is similar to the inspection data.

3.9 Composting :
Separate the solids into biodegradable and non-corrosive products personal or family level is part
of the hobby. For a developing country, look at waste composition and other societies economic
factors, would be the best form of composting for waste reduction. This is a basis low-tech
access. Theoretically, the waste of many developing countries would do be ideal for lowering
compost, The benefits of fertilizer are numerous; reduces the amount of waste significantly. Can
be used as fertilizer and natural fertilizer for agricultural uses also significantly reduces the
emission of exhaust gases and because it is natural process, reduces environmental damage.
Due to their smaller size and location, small-scale composting projects are more flexible in
management and industry.
Since composting is mainly labor intensive; composting schemes can be a source of works
specifically for poor and disadvantaged of that for people &environment / community The
city, or any other institution, does not impose a separate classification of such waste deb.
Individuals or entities share divisions, waste segregation, however, depends on the individual,
the will and it is not a model of practice.
When asked at the family level whether it is segregated, there are some People responded that it
was done according to a number of things, "We separate the vegetables destroy it and use it for
our gardens with dry land. Inorganic waste in the river is close.
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3.10 Incineration :
Incineration is the process of burning waste under controlled conditions, usually executed in a
fenced structure. Although combustion has a high degree of waste reduction (80-95%), there are
many problems that make incineration less applicable an opportunity in developing countries
(World Bank 1999). Solid waste incineration plants is usually one of the most expensive solid
waste management options capital intensive and requires high maintenance, compared to other
solids waste management options; combustion is technically relatively higher trained operators
and careful maintenance that may not be practical

3.11 Reuse and repair :

Reuse is about repairing items that will be used again. Secured reuse reducing raw material
consumption saves energy and water, reduces pollution and prevents waste generation. Reuse of
materials and products is a standard practice, and generally people in developing countries use
much more than people living in developed countries.

3.12 Recycling :
Although recycling is one of the most important aspects of waste management in developed
countries, due to the composition of waste and other factors, recycling in the developing country
may not be an option much. Waste separation materials at the internal level are perhaps a
universal phenomenon; more on developing countries where a valuable separation from
everything valuable is undertaken, which prevents the dumping of valuable items and reusable
materials. Existence of waste collectors, cleaners, etc., extracts other valuable materials from the
entrance of Waste flow Especially in developing countries, travelers play an important role in if
they recycle materials for recycling, they buy any material that has money valuables,
newspapers, plastic bottles, old shoes etc.

3.13 Prohibition on poly bag :

Madhya pradesh government and pollution control center The board issued a notice instructing
them to drop a blanket on the launch bag many parts of the state. All designers, distributors and
users are instructed to adhere to it Board guidelines on the use of plastic sails to avoid
punishment as provided pursuant to Section 5 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986, and is
also lawful as provided below. Article 15 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986.
Compliance, however after passing the surrounding state.

3.14 Processes affecting waste management in Vidisha :

It is important to decide on some things and issues rather than waste management models that
affect waste management. These are Important points are discussed below. Change the nature of
waste: According to the data (Medina 2002, Zerboc 2003), all disposals are standard practice.
nation building, but Governor G. K. Gandhi explains the details in simple terms, “In India,
people use to throw out their rubbish; Time is a practice. Soon We don’t have stainless steel and
22 | P a g e

all the waste in the field is used to get this quality often so we don’t have to worry. "But we have
obscene content now and people need to change their perspective." The transformation of the
debris was seen in Vidisha and during the operation study, almost everyone admits that waste has
changed dramatically years, and especially since the 1990s when Indian markets opened.
Different representatives cannot register the same political, economic, environmental thing and
cultural-cultural values. No one has the same access to education or technology subjects, which
make a difference in attitude. Solid waste problems in Vidisha, the difference is obvious. When
asked how they rank products waste management statements about prioritization over other
issues, there are clearly differences in expectations.
While solid waste is a major problem there are other detailed issues, a similar look. “From a
hotel perspective, there are many important issues, such as drinking water, better access,
maintenance of existing tourism repairs and remodeling.

3.15 Regulations :
One of the most important things that happens during learning is integration of government
structures and waste management. Did a series of political games does not usually follow the
new set of players come to power, thereby undermining tasks already completed in the past,
thereby loss of time and capitalization. An example of this was the hiding place of mixed things
procedures and administrative plans, initiated by the lower house board leader This board has
begun, recognizing the importance of waste management Improving the way waste management
is done, by introducing everyone confidence. Hold meetings with various communities and
groups in the city itself make and consult. Accordingly, the effects of governance need to be
addressed and needs addressed decision management. It can lead to community organizations
like Samaj lower levels of participation and the ability to make informed choices honest and
inclusive. Community involvement The concept is public participation in waste management
decisions in India reported the report of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, dated
September 25, 2000. It is public involvement in waste management was found to be limited in
nature separate solids To empower the community, city officials need to set up awareness
programs separate waste and should be encouraged to reuse or reuse separate equipment. City
members are required to take phased actions to ensure community involvement waste separation.
To this end, regular monthly meetings should be scheduled City police with representatives from
local offices in the area did not participate government agencies. Community involvement is
critical to the success of waste management management. There are two types: involvement in
the product decision-making management decision-making process and participate in the
process.Vidisha The county also has plans to use this information to determine the population the
equipment should incorporate two flow management waste management, .i discuss some
important topics in Chapter 5 in details.
The population of Vidisha has grown rapidly in vidisha, which has led to a growth in waste
generation and exchange. As shown in other studies on Waste management issues in major cities
in Vidisha are uneven met with the development of an insurance coverage program for all areas.
23 | P a g e

There are many places where one type of waste management is waste. The management tools
currently being practiced in Vidisha are the same rudimentary. Procedures and related problems
can explain why there is not enough money resulting in lack of reliability in construction, and
lack of proper collection and transportation waste. There is no sign of rubbish disposal, recycling
or recycling etc. Writing: Delete the writing in vats on the principle of site / address. People
dump its garbage in VAT, from which the polling station collects and transports the garbage to
the middle / ground debris. Transport: waste are transported in open trucks or tractors. Most of
the time, the waste is dumped again during transportation.
Disposal: Garbage is disposed of at the polling station land / land waste. The landfill was opened
and garbage containers were dumped inside the same source regardless of the composition of the
waste.
Reuse: most people saw it as a separation recycling such as newspapers, plastic products, glass
bottles, metals etc. and sales them. Customers are part of an existing process, in the absence of a
activities used by the program.
Litter: Separating waste for manure is a human activity have a garden or flowers. Compost can
be used as a fertilizer for the garden. Legal one Composting has not yet begun.
Disposal Equipment: Another major internal waste management issue Vidisha is not without
resources and money. conservation. There is not enough transport cars, and there was not much
dust around the city Waste Disposal: Advertising, Vidisha also disposes of waste design, proof-
of-concept The landfill has not yet been developed, and there is no separation or disposal. The IS
Garbage dumps have opened up and pose a health risk not only to workers but also to landfills.
The whole city and also for the people living in the river. There is a lack of seriousness for those
leaders keep up with the situation. Governance-Working in the community influences decision-
making processes and there is a continuum of preparation for newcomers to be stronger and they
set up the process by their loved ones first. There is a difference between united regions and
peoples; most people don’t even do it be aware of the plans or procedures initiated by the city
council. In fact there is no change and presumption of any part of it leaders.
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Chapter-4
Solid Waste management in Vidisha
The aim of this chapter is to describe current waste management system in vidisha and it is
divided into three parts. The first part describes the general model of Vidisha municipality. The
second part of this chapter describes the management of existing waste. The end of this chapter
is over Public participation in waste management decisions in Vidisha.
.
4.1 Population and the launch of waste

According to the 2011 records, the total population of Vidisha has increased to 1,55,951.
Between 2001 and 2011, an increase of about 24.30% of the population has been recorded.
31,627 residential houses / premises are distributed in 36 wards. Based on the analysis of urban
development and the survey conducted, it can be estimated that at present about 330 grams per
capita per annum (GPCD) rate of growth in the country is generating solid waste. The growth of
solid waste arising due to urbanization and change in consumption figures of the person will
increase by 2% per annum. These DPR have been prepared keeping in view the population of
2029 based on the above parameters.

4.2 Regional integrated MSW facilities

The whole state has been divided into~26 clusters fo MSW management (details list towns in
cluster is attached in Annexure 1) Vidisha cluster included 15 ULBs
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Table 4.1 : Cluster details of Madhya Pradesh

1 Sagar Cluster (11ULBs) 11 Chhatarpur Cluster 21 Neemuch Cluster (19ULBs)
(33ULBs)

2 Katni Cluster (05ULBs) 12 Damoh Cluster 22 Vidisha Cluster (15ULBs)

(07ULBs)

3 Jabalpur City (01ULBs) 13 Bhind Cluster 23 Shajapur Cluster (26ULBs)

(15ULBs)

4 Bhopal Cluster (08ULBs) 14 Jabalpur Cluster 24 Ratlam Cluster (22ULBs)

(15ULBs)

5 Rewa Cluster (28ULBs) 15 Singrauli Cluster 25 Chhindwara Cluster

(01ULBs) (21ULBs)

6 Indore Cluster (08ULBs) 16 Betul Cluster 26 Barwani Cluster (22ULBs)

(08ULBs)

7 Gwalior Cluster (15ULBs) 17 Balaghat Cluster 27 Ujjain Town* (01ULBs)

(13ULBs)

Burhanpur Cluster 18 Shahdol Cluster

8 (10ULBs) (16ULBs)

9 Dewas Cluster (24ULBs) 19 Shivpuri Cluster

(11ULBs)
10 Hoshangabad Cluster 20 Guna Cluster
(14ULBs) (10ULBs)
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4.3 ACTION PLAN FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE STATE

To comply with SWM 2016 rules, the State studied the urbanization pattern in MP and found it to
be skewed, as shown in table below.

Table 4.2 : Population range by ULBs

Population Range Number of ULBs

<20,000 211
20,000-50,000 107
50,000–1,00,000 28
1,00,000–2,00,000 18
>2,00,000 15
Total 379

More than 90% ULBs with population less than1lakh could not implement all its components
because it was uneconomical. Some of the reasons are mentioned below:
• Not operationally viable for smaller ULBs because of very less quantity of waste being
generated.
• Huge financial burden in setting up large facilities for treating waste (for e.g. waste to energy or
waste to compost)
• Most of the ULBs lack technical know-how on how to scientifically treat waste.
Therefore, the state decided to create clusters of ULBs for effective Integrated Solid Waste
Management on Regional Land fill concept through Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. As a
result, the state formed~26 clusters covering all the 378 ULBs of the state with minimum total
waste of around 150 TPD.
The cluster – based approach has been designed considering two factors:

1. Optimizing the waste

2. Streamlining the logistics
This resulted in Regional Integrated MSW Facilities.
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Fig 4.1. : Photographs depicting Door to Door Collection across the vidisha 36
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Fig 4.2. : Photographs depicting Door to Door Collection across the vidisha 36
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Fig 4.3. : Method of Collection

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Table 4.3 : Regional Integrated MSW facilities

Est.
Name of Cluster No. Of Waste Type of Status Timeline
ULBs Generati Processing
on (2016)

Katni 5 92 Compost Fully Since December 2017

Sagar 11 185 Compost Under Implementation Environmental Clearance received.

To be operational by July 2018

Jabalpur City 1 450 Energy Commissioned Since May 2016

Bhopal 8 1065 Energy Under Implementation To be operational by December 2019

Rewa 28 340 Energy Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Indore 8 1004 Energy Under Implementation DPR submitted by Concessionaire.

To be operational by October 2019
Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019
Gwalior 15 543 Energy

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Hoshangabad 14 164 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Burhanpur 10 176 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Dewas 24 151 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Bhind 15 261 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Damoh 07 107 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Chhatarpur 33 212 Compost

Under Implementation To be operational by October 2019

Vidisha 15 160 Compost
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Table 4.4 : Details of ward of vidisha

Ward number Name of ward name of Stack Holders

1 Baise Ward Dhaniram, ramabai
2 Rani Durgabati ward Pannalal , kalabai
3 Kasturva ward Fullu , komalbai
4 Javarlal Nehru ward Mohinabai , Vimalabai
5 SarojiniNaydu Halke ,Jummibai
6 MaharanaPratap Pannlalal, Jagdish
7 Chankya ward Bhuribai ,Jamunabai
8 Indira ward Sumanbai ,Shakunbai,Narendra, Mahesh
9 Beejamandal Bablu,Govind
10 Vaitravati Narendra,Mahesh
11 Nana sahib Peshva Gorelal,Ashabai
12 Rani Laxmibai Dulare, Rampraksh
13 Balaji Mahesh, Bhagwati
14 MahakaviKalidas Ramkumar , Sanjanabai
15 ChatrapatiSivaji Vikaram ,Vimala
16 Mavaveer swami Ankit ,Kishan
17 SantTulsidas Rakesh,Ashok
18 Durga ward Avinash, Sonam
19 Viveknand ward Ranjeet ,Nisha
20 Swami Dayanand Ramesh, Ramwati
21 Dr Ambedkar ward Siva, Mamatabai
22 RamkrishnaParamhansh Sangeetabai, leelebai
23 Guru Nanak Suraj ,Suresh
24 Shrdhanand ward Kalicharnd ,Urmila
25 MunshiPremchand Sanjeev Mina bai
26 Dr RadhaKrishnan Sonu, Manjubai
27 LBS ward Rajkumar ,Sahil
28 Tagore Ward Dalachand,Jjitendra
29 Chandrashekharazad Kamlabai, Imratbai
30 Chandragupt Mithun,Anand
31 ShaheedBhagatsingh Manish,Sanju
32 SantVinobaBhave Karan, siyabai
33 Tamoria&mirzapur Ritik, Sikandar
34 Samrat Ashok Amarchand, Guddibai
35 Rajeev nagar Anup,Gopal
36 RajendraPrasad Rambabu, Gomtibai
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37 Rani Dayaram,Neetubai
38 Raskhan Harprasad,Pankaj
39 Teelakheri Brijesh,Ravitabai
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Fig. 4.4: Trenching ground for production of power

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4.4. Proposal processing and technological ability :

Analysis of various technology of processing / treatment of solid waste: Waste can be

concluded that BIOMETHANATION (COMPOSTING) or refueling for a city with a population
of 1 lakh to 10 lakh. Technologies like RDF) are rough or horizontal. This treatment plant
capacity and design is taken into consideration for a minimum of 10 years to come. Necessary
processing technics and strength for the year 2029 .

4.5 Biomethanation :-

It is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic

conditions to biogas. Three main physiological groups of microorganisms are involved:
fermenting bacteria, organic acid oxidizing bacteria, and me than ogenicarchaea. Biomethanation
has strong potential for the production of energy from organic residues and wastes. It will help to
reduce the use of fossil fuels and thus reduce CO(2) emission.
35 | P a g e

How it works?

Fig. 4.5 Process of Biomethanation

36 | P a g e

Microorganisms degrade organic matter via cascades of biochemical conversions to methane and
carbon dioxide. Syntrophic relationships between hydrogen producers (acetogens) and hydrogen
scavengers (homoacetogens, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, etc.) are critical to the process. A
wide variety of process applications for biomethanation of wastewaters, slurries, and solid waste
have been developed. They utilize different reactor types and process conditions (retention times,
loading rates, temperatures, etc.) in order to maximize the energy output from the waste and also
to decrease retention time and enhance process stability. The Composting Process What is
compost? Compost is decomposed organic material. Compost is made with material such as
leaves, shredded twigs, and kitchen scraps from plants. To gardeners, compost is considered
"black gold" because of its many benefits in the garden. Compost is a great material for garden
soil. Adding compost to clay soils makes them easier to work and plant. In sandy soils, the
addition of compost improves the water holding capacity of the soil. By adding organic matter to
the soil, compost can help improve plant growth and health. Composting is also a good way to
recycle leaves and other yard waste. Instead of paying a company to haul away leaves, you can
compost the leaves and return the nutrients to your garden. Instead of buying peat moss, save
money and make your own compost! The composting process The composting process involves
four main components: organic matter, moisture, oxygen, and bacteria.

Organic matter includes plant materials and some animal manures. Organic materials used for
compost should include a mixture of brown organic material (dead leaves, twigs, manure) and
green organic material (lawn clippings, fruit rinds, etc.). Brown materials supply carbon, while
green materials supply nitrogen. The best ratio is 1 part green to 1 part brown material.
Shredding, chopping or mowing these materials into smaller pieces will help speed the
composting process by increasing the surface area. For piles that have mostly brown material
(dead leaves), try adding a handful of commercial 10-10-10 fertilizer to supply nitrogen and
speed the compost process. Moisture is important to support the composting process. Compost
should be comparable to the wetness of a wrung-out sponge. If the pile is too dry, materials will
decompose very slowly. Add water during dry periods or when adding large amounts of brown
organic material. If the pile is too wet, turn the pile and mix the materials. Another option is to
add dry, brown organic materials. For most efficient composting, use a pile that is between 3 feet
cubed and 5 feet cubed (27-125 cu. ft.). Oxygen is needed to support the breakdown of plant
material by bacteria. To supply oxygen, you will need to turn the compost pile so that materials
at the edges are brought to the center of the pile. Turning the pile is important for complete
composting and for controlling odor. Wait at least two weeks before turning the pile, to allow the
center of the pile to "heat up" and decompose. Once the pile has cooled in the center,
decomposition of the materials has taken place. Frequent turning will help speed the composting
process. Bacteria and other microorganisms are the real workers in the compost process. By
supplying organic materials, water, and oxygen, the already present bacteria will break down the
plant material into useful compost for the garden. As the bacteria decompose the materials, they
release heat, which is concentrated in the center of the pile.You may also add layers of soil or
finished compost to supply more bacteria and speed the composting process. Commercial starters
37 | P a g e

are available but should not be necessary for compost piles that have a proper carbon to nitrogen
ratio (1 part green organic material to 1 part brown organic material).

4.6 Institutional mechanism for implementation of proposed projects :

For each of the proposed cluster, anointer - ULB agreement is being among the participating
ULBs, where in the ULB contributing the maximum amount of waste and having the sanitary
land fill site shall act as the lead ULB and take all steps for implementation of integrated solid
waste management projects. The Lead ULB shall perform the following roles and responsibilities
for successful execution of the project. Providing unencumbered land for land fill site.
Facilitating the concessionaire with all the necessary clearances and approvals required for the
implementation of the project. Appoint Independent Engineer Unit and arrange for payment of
professional fee as per the monthly invoices. Interfacing between Go MP and participating ULBs.
Managing special account treated for SWM for al l project related transactions with Go MP and
participating ULBs. Managing crow account with the concessionaire. Performance monitoring of
concessionaire and the Management Unit. Convening regular meetings of Monitoring Committee.

4.7 investment requirement and phasing :

The total capital investment required for implementing Integrated Solid Waste Management in
all 378 ULBs shall be around Rs. 2,650 crores. Further, the investment required will be covered
by a mix of Central Government grant, State Government grant and share of private operator.
The grant is being provided for reducing the concessionaires investment so that tipping fee is
reasonable. This will help in imposing affordable use recharges on citizens. The State
Government intends to select the concessionaire for all projects by June 2018. The target is to
start all Waste to Compost (WTC) projects by October 2019 and all Waste to Energy (WTE)
projects by March 2020.

4.8 Short term plan and objectives

Selecting concessionaire, implementing the project and making it completely operational was
time consuming and required at least 2-3 years. Therefore, the State Government decided to give
grant to ULBs so that vehicles for door-to-door collection can be purchased and deployed for
achieving100% door-to-door collection in all the 378 ULBs. For bigger ULBs, grant for
procuring Refuse Compactors and the required equipment were also sanctioned. Bigger
corporations were asked to implement 100% door-to-door collection by supporting from their
own resources. 1,782 Rickshaws, 2,296 Auto Tippers, 63 Backhoe Loaders and 17 Refuse
Compact or s were deployed for carrying out primary and secondary collection thus achieving
100% collection efficiently. All the ULBs are conducting IEC activities for the citizens,
explaining importance of sources segregation and not littering of waste on streets and public
places.
38 | P a g e

As far as waste treatment and disposal is concerned, a big gap still persisted. However few
smaller ULBs took the initiative and started producing the compost. Larger ULBs started
planning for the treatment. As far as land fill operations are concerned it is still at a preliminary
stage. Because of these initiatives by ULBs under the guidance of State’s Urban Development
Department, Indore and Bhopal stood first and second respectively in the last year’s‘ Swachh
Survekshan’ conducted by the Central Government. In addition to Indore and Bhopal, 22 more
ULBs of Madhya Pradesh were ranked among the top 100 cleanest towns of India. In addition to
bacteria, larger organisms including insects and earthworms are active composters. These
organisms break down large materials in the compost pile.

How long does it take?

The amount of time needed to produce compost depends on several factors, including the size of
the compost pile, the types of materials, the surface area of the materials, and the number of
times the pile is turned. For most efficient composting, use a pile that is between 3 feet cubed
and 5 feet cubed (27-125 cu. ft.). This allows the center of the pile to heat up sufficiently to break
down materials. Smaller piles can be made but will take longer to produce finished compost.
Larger piles can be made by increasing the length of the pile but limiting the height and the depth
to 5 feet tall by 5 feet deep; however, large piles are limited by a person’s ability to turn the
materials. You may also want to have two piles, one for finished compost ready to use in the
garden, and the other for unfinished compost.

If the pile has more brown organic materials, it may take longer to compost. You can speed up
the process by adding more green materials or a fertilizer with nitrogen (use one cup per 25
square feet).

The surface area of the materials effects the time needed for composting. By breaking materials
down into smaller parts (chipping, shredding, mulching leaves), the surface area of the materials
will increase. This helps the bacteria to more quickly break down materials into compost.

Finally, the number of times the pile is turned influences composting speed. By turning more
frequently (about every 2-4 weeks), you will produce compost more quickly. Waiting at least
two weeks allows the center of the pile to heat up and promotes maximum bacterial activity. The
average composter turns the pile every 4-5 weeks. When turning the compost pile, make sure
that materials in the center are brought to the outsides, and that materials from the outside edges
are brought to the center.

With frequent turning, compost can be ready in about 3 months, depending on the time of year.
In winter, the activity of the bacteria slows, and it is recommended that you stop turning the pile
after November to keep heat from escaping the pile's center. In summer, warm temperatures
encourage bacterial activity and the composting process is quick Using compost in the yard
Incorporate compost into your garden as you prepare the soil in the spring. Cover the area with
39 | P a g e

3-4 inches of soil and till it in to at least the upper 6 inches of soil. Add compost to soil in
vegetable gardens, annual flower beds, and around new perennials as they are planted.

You may also use compost as mulch around flower beds, vegetable gardens, or around trees or
shrubs in landscape beds. Apply a 3 inch layer. Be careful not to apply mulch close to the main
stem or trunk of the plant. Proposed Processing Technique Bioproduct. Compote (COMPOST),
RDF and Inert (INERT) are produced from the proposed mechanized nosed compounding plant
based on windrow computing technique. Composites and RDFs to be generated can be sold in
the market. The inertial origin (INERT) has no commercial use and is required to be exposed to
scientific landfill sites. The calculated quantum of the byproducts to be extracted from the
proposed treatment plant is presented in detail in DPR. The proposed biomethanation plant
produces COMPOST and power. Compost goods generated (COMPOST) can be sold in the
market. The proposed machine and equipment of the power plant plant will be used to run
partially, which will reduce the cost of electricity for the month. The approximate quantum of the
by product to be removed from the proposed treatment plant is presented in detail in the DPR.

4.9 Aerated (Turned) Windrow Composting

Aerated or turned windrow composting is suited for large volumes such as that generated by
entire communities and collected by local governments, and high volume food-processing
businesses (e.g., restaurants, cafeterias, packing plants). It will yield significant amounts of
compost, which might require assistance to market the end-product. Local governments may
want to make the compost available to residents for a low or no cost. This type of composting
involves forming organic waste into rows of long piles called “windrows” and aerating them
periodically by either manually or mechanically turning the piles. The ideal pile height is
between four and eight feet with a width of 14 to 16 feet. This size pile is large enough to
generate enough heat and maintain temperatures. It is small enough to allow oxygen flow to the
windrow's core. Large volumes of diverse wastes such as yard trimmings, grease, liquids, and
animal by products (such as fish and poultry wastes) can be composted through this method.

4.10 Features of Windrow composting

Windrow composting often requires large tracts of land, sturdy equipment, a continual
supply of labor to maintain and operate the facility, and patience to experiment with
various materials mixtures and turning frequencies.
In a warm, arid climate, windrows are sometimes covered or placed under a shelter to
prevent water from evaporating.
In rainy seasons, the shapes of the pile can be adjusted so that water runs off the top of
the pile rather than being absorbed into the pile.
Windrow composting can work in cold climates. Often the outside of the pile might
freeze, but in its core, a windrow can reach 140° F.
Leachate is liquid released during the composting process. This can contaminate local
ground water and surface-water supplies. It should be collected and treated.
Windrow composting is a large-scale operation and might be subject to regulatory
enforcement, zoning, and siting requirements. Compost should be tested in a laboratory
for bacterial and heavy metal content.
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Odours also need to be controlled. The public should be informed of the operation and
have a method to address any complaints about animals or bad odors.

4.11 Project for processing :

Project for processing / treatment of solid waste in Vidisha Nagar Costs required for proposal
processing / CAPEX 5.1. The above proposed treatment plant, site essential facilities required for
other work, construction, machinery, equipment and cost of the estimated cost are detailed in
DPR. Summary of the required cost / CAPEX for the proposed work is presented in the
following table. Necessary land for proposal processing . Construction of this land treatment
plant is proposed. Summary of the land required for construction is presented in the following
table. Implementation of the project 8.1. The implementation of this project is intended to be
carried out through either a private sector ecosystem or a linear private community (PPP) model.
Funding strategies for CAPEX and OPEX are as follows.

CAPEX: The required cost of CAPEX proposed in DPR can be calculated on the model of
DBFOT (Design, Build, Finance, Operate, Transfer). In this system, the chosen primary operator
will have to pay a fixed% of the proposed total required cost / CAPEX in the DPI by CGT in the
form of DGF-VGF / Capital Security. The yearly change of the VGF / VPF will also allow the
approval of its own sources of finance and government funding.

OPEX: The chosen operator will operate the plant for 10 years. The selected operator will
receive Rs. Monthly TIPPING FEES will be paid by cash change from the money / ticket of
400.00 per metric ton. The amount / month of monthly funding fees will increase by 5% per
year. The entire amount of the financing fees to be paid will have to be met from the capital
sources. The selected operator will have the right to sell and receive income from the processing
of the waste.
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CHAPTER 5 :
POSSIBILITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part is briefly described Vidisha municipality
recently requested waste management equipment The recommendations made under the
application are submitted to the county The second part of this chapter discusses performance
and efficiency the request made and the third give some decisions for the future
will make waste management more stable. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the proposal
focuses on the second construction waste stream in the discharge i.e. splitting waste into two
"biodegradable" and “not to be disabled”. The simplest idea is to have a solid waste disposal site
own. For separation, it was suggested that the city should be prepared it provides training and
experience from organizations at group discussions in each church. 5.1.1Solid waste products
The petition proposes that each church be divided into two or three beats spanning 175-200
waste design materials. Point one is suggested the person to collect garbage for each blow, and
the female supervisor for every church. The recommendation is “single-wheel drive or three-
wheel drive motor van "for two or more beats per church. Debris needs to be separated made on
site, and all litter must be separate to separate debris Carrying garbage It is recommended to
transport waste materials for operational use Disposal of special equipment or two-wheeled
wheels is not permitted the transfer station should be brought to school within 2 to 3 hours by
train. "

5.1 Cleaning of waste materials

The application recommends garbage disposal through "clean garbage disposal." road and
compost ”. He also agreed that the dew, made, from biodegradable solids, they must be marketed
with local involvement touches of dew. He said, however, that the stool should be packed and
government-run businesses. To accomplish this, it is recommended that distributor and
distributor networks need to be established, and packaging required in 25kgs and 50kgs bags
respectively for disposal of “non-degradable, inert waste” tips Recommended throwing in
modern ground. The idea that "a lot of things are wrong Waste materials can be recycled after
completion.

5.2 Waste management leaders

The proposal is to share the control of the leaders concerned waste management, "for efficiency".
Straight three way proposed administration: church, zoning and city level. Each level is given a
special level responsibilities as explained below: Provide guidance on management roles and
responsibilities Grade 4 College of Research, Advocacy, Waste Collection, Care and Complaints
Resolution Zoning phase Waste transportation, personnel training and capacity development,
42 | P a g e

construction and repair City level Production, disposal and overall management, research and
development, inspection and development, purchase of vehicles, equipment and land, and
partnerships.
Source: Solid waste management information (Vidisha municipality) In addition, the petition
calls on the state government to provide regular action interactive discussion. These meetings are
intended for the police in charge of waste disposal management in numerous urban companies to
share ideas, information, and experiences.

5.3 Develop Strategic Planning and Research

The proposals require the development of a strategic plan and a monitoring room “led by a
a person with qualifications and experience in public health development (p. 56). "It is it also
implies that this body should be subordinated.

5.4 Strength and effectiveness of applications

The waste management plan also has many strengths lag; however, the provision of services is
clear not specifically designed for Vidisha. According to statistics from Vidisha, the project
itself is a boiler plate. The waste is separated The uniqueness of the application is important in
the design of a support that separates household waste, which is not Practice in Vidisha The
claim is unspecified, however, to exclude non-waste recyclable and waste. As can be seen from
the analysis of data (Medina 2002), Some of the waste cannot be reused or leaked. Lack of
technology to separate waste into biodegradable, recyclable and solid waste negative on
applications.
Reduction, reuse and reuse (our Departments) As seen in the medical literature (Medina
2002, Zerboc 2003, Drescher et al Not only is Zurbrugg 2006), our R (s (reduction, reuse and
recycling) important, but also these are the main waste disposal feeds to maintain stability. One
the uncertainty of necessity is that it fails to do this basic solid waste management equipment.
The claim does not relate to promotion reduced or reused waste in consensus. The idea is just a
small touch study of renewal, which is one of the most important aspects of a course equipment
to maintain stable waste management. This is an important omission, since it is part of a non-
degradable waste can generally be recycled Waste collection Poor waste collection instructions
important details of the request. As seen in Chapter 4, the current system is followed at the
bottom of municipal waste disposal. The agreement is expected door assembly of debris. This
writing model is better and more there in the waste. Economics students acquire individual /
family property Collection is a good procedure in the application of waste collection procedures
and provide the basis for income generation for this section of the population.
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5.5 Transport of waste

Applications do not adequately address waste disposal safety issues. Although the application
recommends the use of a special design cover for transporting solid waste, using two - wheel
trash to transport convertible vehicles Degraded debris (which is current practice) did not help
improve the process. The system it can be made easier by adding more and more vehicles.
Moreover, as is the case listing waste, sharing inappropriate information or using it in the context
of Vidisha. For example, proposals include “garbage in transit stations Get there 1 time in 24
hours by trucks. "Odd to do Bringing waste material to compost into compost is a very common
concept the thought. As can be seen in Chapter 4, they do not currently have any procedures
installed or supported Vidisha Municipality to promote land. As seen in the chemical literature,
compost is one of them the particular importance of maintaining stable equipment.

5.6 Waste management leaders

Solid waste management is another important factor agreement reached in opinion. The three-tier
leader design is established mentioned in the agreement can promote good performance in the
management system. However, public Waste management processes are limited to waste
disposal separately.

5.7 Planning and Management Team

Improve the sampling plan and supervisory staff to examine and compare the models
environmental measures determining the level of technology and operations required and
Destroying vis-vis control procedures is a key priority agreement on the proposal. As can be seen
in Chapter 4, Vidisha does not currently have such physical body preparation and structure. make
the improvement better than the current situation. Moreover, there is a lack of oversight in the
current situation The system is viewing and developing a monitoring system to access and
monitor progress Stable solid waste management can help the system move towards better
performance. minimization appears to be degradable and non-degradable.

5.8 Move beyond the plan

This section discusses issues that can be investigated to begin with waste management
equipment to ensure a sustainable future. It also outlines the role people play to promote better
governance. Next, this part it will give an understanding of what is meant by different sections of
the community the role they see among others involved in supporting the process.

5.9 Initiate Better Management

Depending on the economic and political situation in the community a different understanding of
the problem of waste. This is especially true in the case of exposure theme During the course,
she discovered that people were also open to sharing ideas instructions for the construction of
solid waste management equipment. When asked what can be done to start better management of
waste in the church “People can start by dumping garbage in a safe place so the police can do it,”
44 | P a g e

he said. write it. In addition to this, the knowledge and participation of the it would be a good
start for people and teaching them. Involvement of people, through knowledge, education and
participation. Happy to change Responsibility is effectively managed by stable product design
depending on the good cooperation of all participants. Most people willingness to collaborate
with the design system that will make it more competitive system.

5.10 Stakeholders participation

However, participation is key to the success of the waste management plan Engagement should
be consistent and should be a process for the efforts it makes various partners. When asked what
role they will play, a residents near the chute plug order. “… Hotels need to make tourists and
cities aware of the need to improve their services. The IS The city is polluted, they are the real
problem, and these dishonest people will not let the the system is running well. We need to
change our politicians so that they become more like extremists. Kind person it is necessary to
move, like those who know how to manage insurance and do not hurt later money or power ”.

5.11 Decision Making

As mentioned in the decision paper the process is determined in a developed country certainly
hierarchical and often a top-down process (Cointreau 1982), .i it can influence the improvement
of sound evidence management process. Therefore, it is important to promote bottom-up
decision-making. Going forward, “I will support various restrictions, such as not just poly bags
but my favorite products ghutka packaging paper, packaging materials, and if they prevent
people from litter “I guess gutka pieces and pieces should be restricted or controlled…. if there
are several These products and products can be controlled as plastic bottles, Vidisha will be
cleaner ”,

5.12 Short-term action plans

Short term plan have resulted in solid waste management in Vidisha View current waste
management products and issues In addition, there was a need to improve equipment efficiently
and consistently waste management is paramount. As said, the current plans only one of the
long-term waste management needs to be covered, .i separately for cultivation. This will allow
the city administration to use it iterative steps towards a solid waste management plan. During
this period, there are several steps that can be taken to make the jump long - term planning.
These steps are outlined in the action plan below action (referred to as the "short - term action
plan").

5.13 Create a line entry file

Design principles include:
1) population distribution urban areas. This will help identify potential areas with more resources
in terms of waste and other requirements should be agreed,
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2) cost of waste developed in many places in the urban landscape. This can also help determine
parts of urban areas that may require more urban energy services,
3) composition of waste. This will help identify the area the content of the compost performs
better than each other,
4) good nutrition people’s economy.
5) This will give city officials a chance to get information candidates who will be able to work at
the garbage collection door and facilities, existing facilities, and
6) hydrogeological problems. This will enable the energy to identify potential participants,
i.e.community organizations, academies, NGOs and many more The city can work together to
address waste issues. These activities user decisions will communicate the problem and allow
them determine or develop policies based on available actions..

5.14 Set goals immediately

Design goals need to be developed in order to move to the current system equipment to maintain
stable waste management. Goals need to be established within it Consult local (community)
people, and experts. Plans are a must Including
1) separation of waste from landfill / solid waste. Reduce waste is the key to making the product
durable and lasting one of the most important aspects of waste management
2) increase the return of materials for recycling;
3) Church level teaching to zero the first step;
4) Public participation in decision - making processes and waste management procedures. The
equipment used must be installed in effect the people are in the decision-making process.
Systems will be included a legal form that requires community involvement and consultation
other. The same people involved in the DDP also need to know about individuals services. It
would also be a good idea to take the views of the public into account in decision-making
perform the process.
Support three segregation groups Solids should be separated depending on the place, the solids
should be separated into three parts kwjdeg i.e. biodegradable, recyclable and nothing. The
municipality must be immediate Updating their current plans includes our canal waste disposal.
More waste collection should be indicated from vests and also door assembly of debris. Quite
necessary transport equipment must be isolated. The municipality must do it
necessary rules for the collection and transport of waste. Close transport Trucks with separate
separators for waste separation should be contracted immediately. The IS Illegal practices will be
included in the normal process, by enhancing accountability to them. That is not the case
businesses can participate in the door-to-door use of recycled materials.

5.15 Promote community mobility

As Zerboc (2003) and Derscher and Zurbrugg (2006) cite average Compost has failed in a wide
range of industries and in India special. Change the center of gravity, as suggested in the
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application, Public confidence needs to be raised at church level. Selected area Confidence
should be determined in consultation with the public.
Local passports can operate at the entrance compost collection. Work on composting sites can be
done in conjunction with income from households and businesses. The city can still do business
Collects compost in conjunction with local offices or businesses and creates roceeds from the
sale of waste at competitive market prices.

5.16 Support 3’R (reduced, reuse and recycle)

Supporting waste reduction, reuse, should be put under immediate pressure recycling waste.
Waste segregation will also replace recyclable materials low fuel consumption by going to zero
ground. Illegal waste is needed It incorporates and is part of the recycling process. This can be
helped by saving resources and resources Existing markets for recyclable materials can be used
without much market investment (Medina 2002). The role of legitimate functions in the teaching
of people should also be emphasized to support recycling, and illegal activities should be part of
the process reuse. Moningka (2000) argues that integration is multifunctional waste management
will ensure that efficiencies and needs are addressed participation of other artists outside the
urban center. Hence, cooperation There should be an approach to depression, recovery and
recovery.

5.17 Continue the ban on poly bags

The ban on poly bags is guaranteed to be a good starting point for waste reduced to Accordingly,
the ban must continue. To get the ban back on track, The city can work in partnership with local
groups, NGOs and public education agencies. You should later with cache processing power for
plastic bottles and also packages for chips ghutkas. Where the refund system does not work,
people should encourage the disposal of these goods in legal containers. Penalties will be
imposed those shampoo.

5.18 Improving solid waste management plan :

It should be noted that a waste management plan is required Prepare as soon as possible.
Citizens, community organizations and other participants should be involved in the decision-
making process. The plan should be done with the help of neighbors and organizations. A short-
term study plan developed by the scientist will be released groundwork for the development of
integrated and cost-effective systems future waste management Wastewater is classified as
waste, recyclable and recyclable. solid waste. The method for separating solid waste and
overseeing processes at the community level The back Waste generation Business Services
Consumers create businesses City organizations Smaller rack Promotes reduction, reuse and
reuse The waste was separated into waste and void The waste was separated into waste and void
Reduce, reuse and reuse and monitor the process Rack bars Trash Table to record steps Waste
disposal will cause soil to accumulate in the environment. Waste segregation Apply to business
failures in the collection of recyclable materials Replacement for repair and disposal Overcharge
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for collection and replacement of illegal, inaccurate and damaged goods Disposal of waste after
separation Separation Involvement in the sale of compost and recycling by illegal and private
business.
Special Risks All liability and damage. Test performance, Valid precautions and isolation of
waste and hazards Proper care and isolation of landfills and hazards Oversee the whole process.
Vidisha city solid waste management plan it has many strengths and weaknesses. The planning
system is a good step by step improve property management in Vidisha. The proposal is to install
two wastewater treatment plants management. The most common is solid separation from the
site a strong feature of this list. Although it is an improvement on the existing one system, it does
not solve the problem of the three Rs: reduction, reuse and reuse, that is as an integral part of a
solid waste management system. Prayers waste collection procedures are scientific; however,
some peculiarities gather the road does not belong to the Vidisha metropolitan area. Request for
carriage waste is certainly an improvement on the current process, but the consensus of the use
open body equipment to transport unsafe waste materials ask. The disclosure request discusses
the options for non-transferable transport used in Vidisha metropolitan area. Recommendations
for composting and composting, as well as business advice to be developed in partnership with
local people No. Advice was provided on culture management. The main negative of this request
is an incomplete sign of public participation in waste it governs management and decision -
making. Because there are no citizens Delaying participation in a waste management process can
be difficult. Most people are open to sharing responsibilities and ideas about it develop old
sustainable product management standards. They have seen the responsibility themselves and
others too. People are also willing and willing to add time the resources to develop a better
approach. People need to be involved in decisions perform the process and must be visible and
open on behalf of the city. Vidisha Municipality, needs human support his rights. He started the
DDP process, even this process had to come first, but as the adage goes, "better late than never".
48 | P a g e

Chapter-6

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study responds to the requirements of the Waste Management Review in Vidisha, Madhya
pradesh, India
The objectives of these studies are:
1) Explain and explain waste management and practices Vidisha.
ii) identify factors that affect solid waste management Vidisha.
III) to evaluate new waste management equipment.
iv) provide feedback on how to make waste management more sustainable management.
Work on this project began in January 2020 Work involves the interaction of different types of
people different groups of people: citizens, entrepreneurs, communities leaders and stakeholders.
. In addition, a general analysis of the secondary data and published published data and
participated in the research. This is enabled the scientist to establish the truth of the problem and
find solutions. An analysis of the data collection and of new models and models was completed
it provides an important insight into the waste management process in Vidisha. In order to look
at trends and patterns, short-term action plans have been developed. A short-term goal of the
work developed in this course will complete the recommendations waste management
procedures and proposed improvements future quality assurance management.

6.1 Conclusions
This research leads to an analysis of existing waste management procedures in the Vidisha area,
as well as inspections of the equipment to be carried out management control. Analysis based on
key points, as waste generation, waste disposal process, waste collection and transport, change
Shows solid waste etc. existing waste management equipment (both existing and planned) not
necessary in the long run.

6.1.1 Population and the launch of waste :

According to the 2011 records, the total population of Vidisha has grown to 1,55,951. Between
2001 and 2011, an increase of about 24.30% of the population has been recorded. 31,627
residential houses / premises are distributed in 36 wards.

Based on the analysis of urban development and the survey conducted, it can be estimated that at
present about 330 grams per capita per annum (GPCD) rate of growth in the concrete is
generated. The percentage of solid waste generated due to urbanization and change in
consumption figures of the person will increase by 2% per annum.
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These DPR have been prepared keeping in view the population of 2029 based on the above
parameters. The population of 2029 and the amount of solid waste generated are presented in the
following table.

Table 6.1 Projection of population and solid waste

Projection of population and solid waste

Launch parameter Current Year Year Year Year Year Year

2019 2024 2029 2034 2039 2044 2049

Population 1,88,712 2,12,201 2,38,427 2,67,806 3,00,819 3,38,030 3,80,089

Number of family 38,271 43,034 48,353 54,311 61,006 68,553 77,082

330 363 399 439 483 531 584

(GPCD)

Per day solid 62.00 77.00 95.00 118.00 145.00 179.00 222.00
Metric Metric Metric Metric
Metric Tonne Metric Tonne Metric Tonne
Tonne Tonne Tonne Tonne
Quantity of waste
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6.1.2 PROPOSAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGICAL AND ABILITY

Analysis of various technology of processing / treatment of solid wastes can be concluded that
biomethanation / (BIOMETHANATION) or CON POSTONG (COMPOSTING) or refueling for
a city with a population of 1 lakh to 10 lakh. Technologies like RDF) are rough or horizontal.
The treatment and capacity of the treatment plant is taken into consideration for a minimum of
10 years to come.

Necessary processing technics and strength for the year 2029 for the discipline are presented in
the following table.
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Table 6.2 : Proposed Processing Technique and Capability

Proposal Processing Technique and Capability

Type Of Garbage Type of Proposed Operation procedure Required

treatment capacity for
Year 2029

Separating the molten waste into biodegradable /

Windrows technique
wet and needle waste 65.00
Mixed Waste Based mechanised
Separated needle waste into the material Metric tonne per
Composting Plant recoverable facility (MRF) by Vibro Technology day
Treatment of biodegradable / wet waste based
technology

- Separate biodegradable waste based on

windrows technology

Power generation - Pre-treatment / processing 30

Biodegradable
+ Based on - aerobic fermentation / Anaerobic Metric tonne per
cow dung Biomethanation plant fermentation day
- Collection of biogas and generation of
electricity
- Treatment of Residue
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6.1.3 Proposed Processing Technique Bio product :

Compost (COMPOST), RDF and Inert (INERT) are produced from the proposed mechanized nosed
compounding plant based on windrow computing technique. The compost and RDF generated can be sold
in the market. The inertial origin (INERT) has no commercial use and is required to be exposed to
scientific landfill sites. The calculated quantum of the byproducts to be extracted from the proposed
treatment plant is presented in detail in DPR.

The proposed biomethanation plant produces COMPOST and electricity. Compost goods generated
(COMPOST) can be sold in the market. The proposed machine and equipment of the power plant plant
will be used to run partially, which will reduce the cost of electricity for the month. The calculation of the
estimated quantity of bioproducts to be extracted from the proposed treatment plant is presented in detail
in the DPR. Project for processing / treatment of solid waste in Vidisha Nagar.

6.1.4 Costs required for proposal processing / CAPEX

The above proposed treatment plants, site essential facilities required for other work, construction,
machinery, equipment and cost of the estimated cost are detailed in DPR. Summary of the required cost /
CAPEX for the proposed work is presented in the following table.
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Table 6.3 : Costs required for proposed processing / CAPEX

Required Costs for Proposal

machinery Grand Total

Description Cost of construction equipment,Vehicle
cost

(i) (ii) (iii=i+ii)

Construction of
mechanized composting
plant Rs. 2,72,00,426.00 Rs.2,39,52,500.00 Rs.5,11,52,926.00
(A)

Construction of
Biomethanation plant
(B) Rs. 3,67,46,414.00 Rs.3,98,31,000.00 Rs.7,65,77,414.00

Site Required Facilities

Other Construction
Works Rs. 3,62,11,894.00 Rs. 1,01,89,513.00 Rs.4,64,01,407.00
(C)

(D)
Rs.10,01,58,734.00 Rs.7,39,73,013.00 Rs.17,41,31,747.00
Total (A+B+C)

GST (E) Rs. 50,07,937.00 Rs.1,33,15,142.00 Rs.1,83,23,079.00

Grand Total (D+E) Rs. 10,51,66,671.00 Rs. 8,72,88,155.00 Rs. 19,24,54,826.00

Rs. ~1051.67 Lakh Rs.. ~872.88 lakh Rs. ~1924.55 Lakh

Rs. ~10.52 Crore Rs.~8.73crore Rs.~19.25Crore

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Table 6.4 Expenditure for operation and maintenance of proposed processing / OPEX

Expenditure for operation and maintenance of proposed processing / OPEX

Description Expenses

Monthly salary of regular employees (trained) Rs. 2,20,000/-

Contractual Employee’s Payments (semi trained and labour) Rs. 3,00,000/-

Other Monthly Expenses (Electricity, Fuel Cost, Non-recurring Invention) Rs. 2,35,000/-

1 month's expenditure Rs. 7,55,000/-

Annual expenditure Rs.90,60,000 /-

The present metric ton expenditure for waste processing is the amount of daily
waste = 365 days X 62 metric ton per day Rs.400.00

Per metric tonne

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6.1.5 Implementation of the project

The implementation of this project is intended to be carried out through a private sector ecosystem or a
linear private ecosystem (PPP) model. The following are the financing strategies for CAPEX and OPEX.
i. CAPEX: The required cost of CAPEX offered in DPR can be derived on the model of DBFOT (Design,
Build, Finance, Operate, Transfer). In this system, the chosen primary operator will have to pay a fixed%
of the proposed total required cost / CAPEX in the DPR by the capital change in the form of DGF-VGF /
Capital Security. The yearly change of the VGF / Capitol Security will merit the approval of its own
medical sources and government agencies. ii. OPEX: The chosen operator will operate the plant for 10
years. The selected operator will receive Rs. Monthly TIPPING FEES will be paid by cash change from
money / ticket of 400.00 per metric ton. The amount / month of monthly funding fees will increase by 5%
per year. The entire amount of financing fees to be paid will have to be met from the capital sources. The
selected operator will have the right to sell and receive income from the processing of the waste.
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Table 6.5 Essential land Summary

Essential land Summary

Description Essential land

Required land for Construction of mechanized

composting plant
(A) ~7920 Square metre

Required land for Construction of Biomethanation

plant (B) ~450 Square metre

Required land for Site Required Facilities Other

Construction Works
(C) ~6392 Square metre

Total Required land for

Construction Works (D) ~14762 Square metre

(A+B+C)

Required land area to cover 30% of the total land

(E) ~6327 Square metre

total area of land required (D+E) ~21089 Square metre

~2.11 Hectare

~5.20 Acre
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6.2 Current Procedures :

6.2.1 Current Procedures for waste management

There is hope for managing waste products as current practices long run. The waste is
indivisible, and so is the collection and transportation of the waste the simple and incredible. The
collection and transportation process is basic and settled there will be people and the
environment. For the most part, people are dumped in the street trash corners, or city tanks, that
are open and redundant. Writing the services were found to be unreliable and incompetent.
Renewal and wave of the The cause of cheating is that proud people, however, have no rules
about it provide digestion or recycling of waste materials from the city. Vidisha has no landfill
and practices open the garbage city. The IS The rocks are close to the edge of the village, so they
are a health hazard neighboring landfills, and risk to the whole area. There is no safety protection
in place for litter; immunizations and basics services such as proper clothing and supplies are not
provided at the city.

6.2.2 Characteristics affecting waste management

There are five of the many factors that affect solid waste management I found:
1) A decision - making process.
2) Better understanding of public waste issues.
3) No visibility and no information sharing.
4) Relationship between governance and business management, and
5) Self-determined challenges organisations.
The ability to effectively disrupt waste management through collaboration and ensuring public
participation in waste management and decision-making repeat the process.

6.2.3 Announce waste management procedures

The city plans to improve the existing road by installing two flow system, and is an improvement
on current practices; However, the there are many pros and cons to seeking advice. The idea does
not solve the main problem issues such as public participation in waste management and decision
making, Waste reduction, recycling and recycling are not mentioned. The proposal suggests
counting in the average range, which was not achieved in India. Responsibility non-participation
in re-employment is not mentioned. Makes some suggestions in unusable and unspecified
applications in the Vidisha arrangement. Establish a planning and inspection unit and a
commercial stool development unit as the state government is probably the best course of action
to take the thought. The application needs to be updated to meet local needs with participation as
a process.A stable prospect depends on good waste management many things; however, the most
important thing is to buy from the nuts replace existing systems and make some improvements.
People in Vidisha The metropolitan area is generally willing to increase productive and
productive participation management control. The municipality of Vidisha also seems open to
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ideas thinking and began the process of using the Design Plan (DDP). It provides background
information on improving living standards waste management process.

6.2.4 Increase reduction, reuse and recycling

The key should be placed on three levels - - reduction, reuse and recycling. This will help create
less waste and recycling facilities. Reduce which can be achieved by initiating repayment, i.e. it
has to be done The manufacturer must handle certain waste they are at the point of many
innovations being made. Ensure that Special waste returned to manufacturers, one more deposit
(20-30% of price) can be paid when the buyer buys this item, and this amount must be correct
return from folded item (say lid / foil / plastic bottle etc.). This can be reduced the role of waste
disposal. Waste packaging such as broken packages, ghutka Folders should head, bottled water,
bottled water, etc. Included system. Another important requirement for sustainable disposal is
waste recycling control practices. For Vidisha municipality waste formation Renewal or
redevelopment should be the reality of the city. NGOs or Private companies will be registered in
the settlement and will include illegal reworking sector as part of the technical data. Rag
selectors or travel customers should be distributed in such cases where the greatest amount of
waste is recycled.

6.2.5 Compost
A large harvest count will be expensive and will not work in Vidisha; so the focus should be on
church-level development, or community choice, small scale placement. Community food aids
digestion food diversion a Most of the waste is generated close to the generation site, etc. reduce
transportation costs and reduce long-term waste use. In addition, community - based agriculture
can improve recycling, and support waste disposal as appropriate. Those who come economic
recovery may be used for digestion plans. it can be a work environment and generate income for
two working people and the city are important. There will be community digestion Easy save and
easy maintenance. Trust in the community can be achieved through nature local level, therefore,
will save money and investment for the city.

6.2.6 Garbage collection

Waste should be collected at the doorstep and by people according to the economy the back will
work the same. These people quality training is required. Rusty non-corrosive materials trucks
and passengers should be removed. Care should be taken to avoid spills waste during transport.
All authors must be included The city must ensure proper equipment and its safety.

6.2.7 Waste disposal

Disposal should be made in accordance with research procedures. A domestic sewer is specially
designed for the final disposal of waste establish. Wastewater reduces the risk to human health
and the environment associated with debris. Design engineering plans with measurements
geological and hydrological features and related environmental assessments they must be done
59 | P a g e

before the site is disposed of. The staff is clean The landfill site must be well planned and
working. The municipality of Vidisha must come an ideal place for garbage collection. Dispose
of waste material such as medical or chemical waste as required agreed with the help of the
government. Special rules must be followed to deal with this waste, and with special and
specialized transportation facilities Trained personnel are required to work with hazardous
materials. The municipality seek the assistance of the State and Central Government in this
regard about.

6.2.8 Improve long-term goals

The above suggestions are valid in the short term and can be should be done immediately.
However, it needs to develop a long-term career plan, which will be taken into account in all
stakeholders and stakeholders. So the developed as a proposed waste management system.
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