CONTENTS

PREFACE............................................................................................................... 4
UNIT 1 FAMILY................................................................................................... 5
UNIT 2 THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME......................................................17
UNIT 3 MEALS AND COOKING/FIRST TERM FINAL..................................26
UNIT 4 STUDENT’S LIFE AND STUDIES.......................................................37
UNIT 5 JOBS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT.....................................................46
UNIT 6 SEASONS AND WEATHER. MY PERFECT WEEKEND...................57
UNIT 7 PLACES. AT YOUR SERVICE.............................................................66
LITERATURE USED.......................................................................................... 78

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 PREFACE

The suggested manual is directed at providing supplementary exercises and

individual practice for the first-year students in the course of Practical English. Its
aim is to help and develop first-year students’ essential integrated skills in
listening, reading, writing and using English vocabulary and grammar. The
activities in this manual bring into focus the students’ individual practice of the
studied in the classroom material and encourage them to fulfil individual tasks
creatively.
It contains 7 units (each related to Robocha Programma by a theme and topic ).
Each Unit consists of 4 parts: Listening, Reading, Use of English and Writing.
Part Listening includes listening passages for gist (i.e. getting a general idea
of a topic without understanding every word), listening passages for specific
information (i.e. listening for specific pieces of information), listening passages for
opinions (i.e. identifying different speakers’ opinions).
Part Reading is aimed at skimming (i.e. getting a general understanding of a
text, reading through it quickly, focusing only on the main ideas), scanning (i.e.
getting information you want in a text, reading the questions first, identifying the
key words, and look for phrases in the text that express the same ideas).
Part Use of English is devoted to developing students’ grammar competence
through structurally graded material. It contains the following exercises: open
cloze, multiple choice close, word formation, error correction and tense revision
exercises.
Part Writing is aimed at producing one piece of writing of 120 – 180 words
which is either an informal letter, a story, a report, an article, an essay or a review.
Each part includes carefully graded exercises in terms of Year 1 key topics,
vocabulary and grammar syllabus. All exercises are focused on student’s step-by-
step progress.
We hope that the suggested material will help the learners overcome
difficulties in acquiring vocabulary items and grammar structures as well as
improve their listening comprehension, reading and writing skills and will make
their communication in English easy and fluent.

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 UNIT 1
FAMILY
PART I. LISTENING

Task 1

You will hear an interview with a woman who's written a book about face-
reading, the skill of judging a person’s character from the shape of their face. For
questions 1-10, complete the sentences.

FACE READING
The skill of face-reading is believed to have come from 1______
originally.
The title of Lillian’s book is 2________.
Lillian explains that the face contains approximately 3_________ muscles.
Lillian says that when people look in a 4________, they usually manage to
look their best.
Lillian says that people often feel 5_________ when they see themselves
on video.
Experts say that the left side of the face is regarded as more 6________ by
most people.
Lillian says that successful 7_______ are often people with wide
cheekbones.
Lillian says that the shape of a person’s 8________ and________ may
show how determined they are.
Lillian advises women against using too much 9__________ at interviews.
Lillian suggests 10_______ and _______ when listening to people at
interviews.

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 Task 2

1. You will hear the five women talking about what it was like to grow up
with a twin sister. For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F the statement which
best matches what each person says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra
letter which you do not need to use.

A The way people regarded us used to annoy me.

B I always felt I was being compared to my sister. Speaker 1 __1
C I had frequent disagreements with my sister. Speaker 2 __2
D My sister and I had very similar tastes. Speaker 3 __3
E I was glad not to spend too much time with my sister. Speaker 4 __4
F My sister used to let me down occasionally. Speaker 5 __5

2. Listen again. Complete the phrases in the recording that express the
key words in each statement A-F.

A the way people regarded us: ... but people just ________ us together
people still got us ____________, which used to __________ me a lot.
С frequent disagreements: we used to ___________ at least once a day.
We even had ______________, too.
D similar tastes: Emily and I were very much in _________ with each
other. ... We'd have the same __________, about most things ... because we
were a __________.
E glad not to spend too much time: ... we tried to keep ___________
each other's ______________.
F let me down occasionally: ... she didn’t always ________ my
_________.

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 PART II. READING
Task 1

1. You are going to read a newspaper article about children who don’t
have any brothers and sisters. Choose from the list A-H the sentence which best
summarises each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do
not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A. A rise in the number of one-child families may have a negative effect on
the way people behave.
B. Children with no brothers or sisters have to learn from an early age how
to enjoy their own company.
C. In some places, there is official concern over falling family size.
D. There is no evidence that children without brothers and sisters grow up
differently to other children.
E. The benefits of growing up with brothers and sisters may not always be
obvious to a child.
F. It is too early to link the growing number of one-child families to people's
changing values.
G. Smaller families are a logical result of the lives people now lead in some
places.
H. The idea of the one-child family may seem an attractive fantasy to some
people.

THE ONE AND ONLY

With birth rates falling across the West, Rebecca Abrams wonders how
families and society will be affected by the rise of the one-child family.
0____________H_______________________________________________
To those of us brought up with brothers and sisters, the prospect of the one-
child family sounds wonderful. Imagine it — never having to wait for people to
listen when you have something to say, always having new toys and clothes, never
doubting that your parents love you best, and always feeling confident that your toys
will be where you left them. Wouldn’t that have been great?
1____________________________________________________________
Parents may concentrate on the positive reasons for giving their first-born
child a brother or sister, but for the child the reality is usually a mixture of good and
bad. Brothers and sisters may teach you about sharing, but they can teach you less

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useful lessons too — that love isn't always shared out equally and that some people
always get blamed more than others.
2____________________________________________________________
Although in most parts of the world, people still believe that the ideal family
size is two children or more. Across Europe, the United States and parts of South
America birth rates are falling. More and more couples have just one child or none at
all, and governments in some countries are actively trying to encourage larger
families; some are even considering giving couples money to have a baby.
3____________________________________________________________
The rise of the one-child family in western society seems to be part of a much
larger picture of changing family life. The increase in divorce rates in some cultures
means that more children will be brought up as the only child in a family. As well
as this, the difficulty of balancing a job and a family life means that an increasing
number of women are choosing to have only one child, or leaving it too late to have
any more.
4____________________________________________________________
Child psychologist Dr Richard Woolfson insists that there are no benefits in
having brothers and sisters in terms of an individual’s personal development.
“Compared to the general population, the only child does well educationally and is
no more self-centred than other children. And today's parents are very good at
compensating for any possible problems. Many of the children from one-child
families have incredibly active social lives, for example.”
5____________________________________________________________
But, apart from economic factors such as a reduced workforce, does the
trend towards one-child families pose a threat to society? Analyst Karen Stobart
believes that there might be problems. “Sharing is life, and with brothers and sisters
you learn that you can fight and survive it. We may become a community of
people who don't know much about turn-taking and cooperating, and respond to
problems either by fighting or walking away.”
6____________________________________________________________
30 years ago, the one-child family was unusual; now they’re fast becoming
normal and the implications of this trend are still uncertain. It may suggest that
children and family life are not so important as they once were, or it may mean
exactly the opposite — that this is the best way that couples can find to be both good
parents and effective working adults. Only time, and the children, will tell.

8
 2. Write down the list of useful words and phrases. Make up your own
sentences with them.

Task 2
1. You are going to read an extract from a book in which a famous writer
recalls the time he left home. For Questions 1-8, choose the answer (А, В, С or D)
which you think fits best according to the text.

The stooping figure of my mother, waist-deep in the grass and caught there
like a piece of sheep's wool, was the last I saw of my country home as I left it to
discover the world. She stood old and bent at the top of the bank, silently
watching me go, one hand raised in farewell and blessing, not questioning why I
went. At the bend of the road I looked back again and saw her; then I turned the
corner and walked out of the village. I had closed that part of my life for ever.
It was a bright Sunday morning in early June, the right time to be leaving
home. We had been a close family who always got on well together but my three
sisters and a brother had already gone. There were two other brothers who had
not yet got around to making a decision. They were still sleeping that morning, but
my mother had got up early and cooked me a heavy breakfast, had stood
wordlessly while I ate it, her hand on my chair, and had then helped me pack up
my few belongings. There had been no fuss; there had been no attempt to
persuade me to stay; she just gave me a long and searching look. Then, with my
bags on my back, I’d gone out into the early sunshine and climbed through the
long wet grass to the road.
It was 1934. I was nineteen years old, still soft at the edges, but with a
confident belief in good fortune. I carried a small rolled-up tent, a violin in a
blanket, a change of clothes, a tin of biscuits, and some cheese. I was excited, full of
self-confidence, knowing I had far to go; but not, as yet, how far. I left home that
morning and walked away from the sleeping village. It never crossed my mind that
others had done this before me.
And now I was on my journey at last, in a thick pair of boots and a stick in
my hand. Naturally, I was going to London, which lay a hundred miles to the east;
and it seemed equally obvious that I should go on foot. But first, as I’d never seen
the sea, I thought I’d try to walk to the coast and find it. This would add another
hundred miles to my journey. It would also cost me several extra days of walking.
Such considerations didn't trouble me, however. I felt that I’d get by, whatever
9
happened.
That first day alone – and now I was really on my own at last – steadily
declined in excitement. Through the solitary morning and afternoon I found
myself longing for hurrying footsteps coming after me and family voices calling me
back.
None came. I was free. The day’s silence said, “Go where you will. It’s all
yours. You asked for it. It’s up to you now.” As I walked I was followed by
thoughts of home, by the tinkling sounds of the kitchen, shafts of sun from the
windows falling across familiar furniture, across the bedroom and the bed I had
left.
When I judged it to be tea-time I sat on an old stone wall and opened my tin
of biscuits. As I ate them, I could almost hear mother making tea and my brothers
rattling their tea-cups. The biscuits tasted sweetly of home – still only a dozen miles
away.
I might have turned back then if it hadn’t been for my brothers, but I knew I
could never have put up with the teasing I would have got from them. So I went on
my way.
When darkness came, I was too weary to put up the tent. So I lay down in
the middle of a field and stared up at the brilliant stars. Finally, the smells of the
night put me to sleep – my first night without a roof or bed.
I was awoken soon after midnight by drizzling rain on my face. I was cold
and the sky was black and the stars had all gone. Two cows stood over me,
moaning in the darkness. Those memories have stayed with me ever since. But
when the sun rose in the morning, the birds were singing. I got up, shook myself,
ate a piece of pie, and turned again to the south.

1 The writer left his home feeling that

A he would soon be back to continue his life in the village.
В life outside the village would be difficult.
С he could not stand the smallness of the village any longer.
D this was the end of an important part of his life.

2 In the writer’s family

A the rest of the children were still living at home.
В all the other children had left home.
С the boys had left but the girls had stayed.
D some of the boys had stayed but the rest of the children had left.
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 3 Before the writer left the house, his mother
A had looked at him to be sure that he really wanted to go.
В had let him make his own preparations to leave.
С had helped him to prepare for the journey but asked him not to go.
D had tried to persuade him to take his brothers with him.

4 As he walked out of the village, the writer felt

A sadness about leaving his mother.
В excitement about all the opportunities ahead of him.
С that many generations of young men had done the same thing before.
D that he should hurry because of the long journey in front of him.

5 The writer
A was worried that he might not find his way to the sea.
В did not care if he used time and energy to go to the sea.
С did not care if he did not get to London after all.
D wondered if he could walk all the way to London.

6 On the first day of his journey, the writer

A was followed by his brothers who asked him to come back.
В stopped for a meal only when he was a long way from home.
С did not turn back because his brothers would think he had failed.
D was thoroughly happy that he was finally free.

7 What the writer most clearly remembers about his first night alone is
A seeing two cows in a field.
В lying in bed and looking at the stars.
С having difficulty putting up his tent.
D waking up feeling wet and miserable.

8 The extract shows the writer looks back on his experience and
A regrets wasting so much time as a young man.
В feels a strong sense of love for his mother.
С feels he should go back and live in the village.
D is glad he does not live in the village any more.

2. Look back at the text. Find the words and expressions that mean the
same as the following definitions.
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 1) had a friendly relationship..................
2) found the time.......................
3) the thought occurred to me..................
4) walk...........................
5) manage, whatever the difficulties...............
6) alone, with no one to turn to for help..............
7) returned in the same direction................
8) accept something unpleasant without complaining………….

3. Complete the following text using the words and expressions from the
previous exercise. Make any necessary changes.

Even in families where parents and children (1) …………………… with each
other, there can be some arguments when the children become teenagers. Parents
find it difficult to (2) …………………. the bad moods some teenagers have. On
the other hand, many parents seldom (3) ……………………….sitting with their
teenage children to talk to them about their problems. It never
(4) …………………….. of many teenagers that their parents were once teenagers
themselves and they might be able to give them some helpful advice. Some parents,
of course, worry a lot about their children's future, while the children just assume
they will (5) ………………….in whatever they decide to do. Parents look at their
teenage children's relaxed attitude to life and wonder if they will be able to survive
(6) …………………….after they have left home.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

For questions 1 - 15, read the text below and think of the word which best
fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Explain your choice. There is
an example at the beginning (0).
POLITENESS
The British are widely considered (0) to be a very polite nation, and in (1)
……….. respects this is true. An Italian journalist once commented (2) …………
the British that they need no fewer than four “thank yous” (3) ………… to buy a
bus ticket. The first, from the bus conductor means, “I am here”. The second
accompanies the handing (4) …………….. of the money. The third, again from

12
the conductor, means “(5) ...................... is your ticket”, and then the passenger
utters a final (6) …………… as he accepts the ticket. (7) …………… transactions
in most other parts of the world are usually conducted in total silence.
In sharp (8) …………… to this excessive politeness with strangers, the
British are strangely lacking (9) …………… ritual phrases for social interaction.
The exhortation “Good appetite”, uttered in (10) ……………… many other
languages to fellow-diners before a meal, does not exist in English. The nearest
equivalent – Enjoy your dinner! – is said only by people (11) ………… will not
be partaking of the meal in question. What’s (12) …………., the British wish
happiness to their friends or acquaintances (13) ………… at the start of a new
year and at celebrations such as birthdays, (14) ………… the Greeks routinely
wish (15) ……………. and sundry a “good week” or a “good month”.
Example:
(0) to – we use to after Passive Voice

Task 2

Read the whole text below, then complete the gaps by writing the
appropriate form of the verb in the margin.
Choose from these tenses – Present simple / continuous, going to + verb,
Future simple / continuous, Future perfect simple. Explain your choice.

It happens every October. I’ll be sitting on a train on a rainy

Friday afternoon and I (1) ……………. up and see that almost LOOK
everyone else in the carriage is old enough to be my mother.
Some of these women (2) ……………..at their watches and GLANCE
sighing a lot, as if to brace themselves for an ordeal.
Others (3) ……………… on duty for the school ALREADY BE
half-term holiday. They (4) …………….. two or three HAVE
school-aged children with them, the younger ones settled with
colouring books and crayons and matching bags of crisps.
And, as always, I (5) …………… like saying to one of FEEL
them “Would you like to come and be our grandmother too?”
You see, grandparents (6) …………… into two categories FALL
these days - the doting and the disappearing. Some of the
doting ones (7) ……………… their grandchildren up from PICK
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school every day. Others are on duty less frequently but are
quite happy to drop everything and rush round to baby-sit
when their working daughter or daughter-in-law (8) ……….. PHONE
them at 7.00 am to say that a grandchild is sick.
But that is only half the story. Not once in my 22 years of working
motherhood have either my parents or my in-laws offered to
baby-sit. When asked why, they say “We (9) ……………..too SEE
many of our friends being taken advantage of. They raised their
own families and now they (10) ………….. up their grandchildren. BRING
By the time they’re seventy, they (11) ………….. half their SPEND
lives looking after children.” My children (12) …………. entirely. AGREE
In fact, that's what they (13) ……. most about their APPRECIATE
grandparents – they’re so much fun. They (14) …………. NOT TREAT
their grandchildren like burdens or mouths to feed, but like
fascinating friends. When they can squeeze in a visit, they
(15) ………….. . Monopoly with the children with real PLAY
enthusiasm or get out a globe to show them all the countries
they (16) ………. on their next holiday. As I write this VISIT
my own parents (17) …………… in the Far East on a TRAVEL
Month’s holiday and my children (18) …………… to LOOK FORWARD
getting postcards from Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia.
I am resigned to the fact that they (19) ………………. NEVER BE
grandparents of the doting variety. But I (20) …………… ADMIRE
their verve and hope that I will be as adventurous as they are
when I reach their age.

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 Task 3

For Questions 1-15, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some
of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is
correct, put a plus (+) by the number. If a line has a word which should not be there,
write the word on the line. Explain your choice. There are two examples at the
beginning (0 and 00).

A MEMORABLE MEETING
0 Last week I had a most enjoyable experience when I met a friend +
00 that I had not seen for over than five years. The last time I saw him than
1 was at a wedding, so we had a lot of catching up on to do, finding ____
2 out what had been happened over the five years. We had a meal ____
3 together and spent the whole of the time while talking about our ____
4 lives, loves and jobs. Paul is married now, and has two sons and ____
5 he showed me just photographs of them all. He works in London ____
6 as a solicitor and commutes for to work every day which he said ____
7 he does not mind, as he gets round some paperwork done during ____
8 the journey and he can spend some time with his sons in the ____
9 evenings. Paul also told to me that he has taken up golf, and he ____
10 and his wife play most Sundays while his parents look after the ____
11 children. He asked me what I had been doing and I explained ____
12 about I was married, too, had one child and worked as
a language ____
13 teacher in a private school. Before parting we arranged to
meet ourselves ____
14 again soon. This time, however, we would be joined by our
own partners ____
15 and children so that they can all meet each other. ____

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 PART IV. WRITING

1. A young people’s magazine has asked its readers to give their opinion on
whether young people should live with their parents as long as they want.
2. You are doing a school project about family life in different countries. Your
teacher has asked you to write a short report about your country, saying what
activities families do together, how much grandparents are involved in family life
and whether you think family life has changed in the past few years.
Write your report.
3. You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.
I was an only child!
Tell us about an experience you had in your childhood and say why you
always remember it. We will publish the best article in our next issue.
Write your article.
4. An important magazine is publishing articles from readers about a person who
has had an important influence on their life.
Write your article.

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 UNIT 2
THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1
Listening I You will hear part of a conversation between two friends, Paula
and Jenny. They are talking about looking for a new house for Jenny and her
family. For questions 1-5, fill in the missing information.

Jenny’s husband prefers the country because:

 it’s ____________________1
 you can go for __________________________2
 it’s ________________________3 for the children than living in a town.
Jenny likes the town because:
 you are near ________________________4 and schools.
 you don’t need to be able to __________________5

Listening II The conversation continues. For questions 1-4, fill in the

answers.
What kind of house does Peter want to buy? _______________________1
What kind of house would Jenny prefer? ________________________2
What could Peter do if they bought an old house?_____________________3
What is Peter’s job? _____________________4

Task 2
You will hear a telephone conversation between Jenny and Paula, which
takes place a few weeks after the last conversation you heard. For questions 1-10,
fill in the missing information.
The house they have found is situated in a large ________1 called Pitcraigie.
Originally, the house was used as a ____________2.
It was built in _____________3.
It has been used as a house since _____________4.
The former owners sold the house because it had too many ___________5.
The dining room is on the _____________6 floor.
Pitcraigie has a post office, but not a ________________7.
It takes about _____________8 on foot from the house to the shop.
Pitcraigie doesn’t have a ________________9 school.
Jenny will be moving house on ___________________10.
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 PART II. READING
Task 1
Read the following passage about the construction of a traditional wooden
building in Gloucestershire, in southwest England and answer the questions
below.
Many people would quail at the idea of having to construct an open-plan
building 70ft long and 24ft wide out of freshly cut oak, using nothing but their
hands and traditional tools. But to a master-craftsman like Henry Russell, the task
of creating the Great Oak Hall at Westonbirt, the Forestry Commission’s arboretum,
or botanical tree garden, in southwest England, is no more than an agreeable
challenge. A tousle-haired beanpole of 32, Henry is a versatile fellow, and for the
past few years has been at the forefront of the revival in green woodworking. For
years he has dreamt of building a big hall at Westonbirt, and now he has his
chance.
Even though many of the materials have been given, and much of the work
will be done by trainees, the building will cost over £300,000. So that work can
start at once, a third of this sum has been underwritten by the charity Friends of
Westonbirt Arboretum, and a fund-raising campaign will open later this year.
When the project was launched at a reception in a marquee by the site of the hall,
a number of oaks, contributed by local woodland owners, already lay on the
ground outside, and 50 more mature oaks had been felled in the Silk Wood, one
area of the arboretum, in a celebratory speech, the chairman of the Forestry
Commission emphasised that nobody should see the cutting-down of ancient trees
as an act of destruction or vandalism. On the contrary, he said: the harvesting was
merely the latest move in centuries of careful woodland management, and the flora
of the forest floor was already responding to the light which the felling of the
trees had let in.
His words were very much to the point, but he rather gave away his own
lack of practical skills when Henry Russell, handing him a sledge-hammer and
wedges, invited him to split a round of oak as a token start. For Henry, in contrast,
cutting, splitting and shaping green wood is second nature. He is well capable of
tackling an entire oak on his own, cutting it to size with handsaws and axes; but in
this case, to save time, the initial preparation of the trunks will be done
mechanically by Henry, using a portable power-saw, and the cedar tiles for the
roof will also be cut by machine; but thereafter, hand-tools will be the order of the

18
day.
The aim is that much of the preliminary work will be done by volunteers,
whether skilled workers or novices. Starting on 29th May, five week-long
courses, for 12 trainees a time, will be held under the supervision of Gudrun
Leitz, another pioneer of the green wood revival.
Taught by her and Henry, students will learn the techniques of cutting and
shaping the wood. All they need bring with them, she says, is energy,
enthusiasm, suitable clothes, and a pair of boots with steel toecaps. If they
behave like most latter-day woodworkers, they will live on site in tents or
homemade shelters. They will also need to be fairly impervious to scrutiny, for
the site is in a commanding position, near the entrance, and visitors to the
arboretum – around 300,000 a year – will doubtless flock round.
From models and drawings, it looks as though the hall will be a striking
blend of ancient and modern. Like all its main timbers, the furniture will be
made of oak, but the windows will be of high-tech glass. As to which will last
longer – the wood in the building, or the oaks growing outside it – no one can
say; but there is no doubt that the hall will be the most striking innovation at
Westonbirt since the arboretum was founded in 1829.
Look at the following questions and unfinished statements about the text. In
each case, choose the answer, А, В, С or D, which you think fits best, according
to the passage.
1 Green woodworking is a way of constructing buildings which
A is often used in the building of traditional houses.
В is coming back into fashion again.
С has been developed only in recent years.
D requires master craftsmen like Henry Russell.
2 The felling of trees for this project
A happened at the site of the new building.
В was essential for the other life on the forest floor.
С was seen as controversial by many.
D was funded entirely by the Friends of Westonbirt Arboretum.
3 The chairman of the Forestry Commission
A wanted more traditional woodland management.
В initiated the project with a public speech.
С had very pointed things to say about the project.
D was better at public speaking than woodworking.

19
 4 The volunteer workers will
A have to construct their own accommodation.
В only be working with hand tools.
С stay on the site for over a month.
D be involved in the preparation of trunks.

5 What will the workers on the project have to get used to?
A being looked at closely by visitors
В meeting vast numbers of tourists
С being made to live in tents on site
D supervising visitors to the site

6 The Great Oak Hall at Westonbirt will

A be something new and original that will attract attention.
В use fashionable hi-tech materials.
С be unusual, because built entirely of wood.
D be more durable than most modern buildings.

Task 2

You are going to read an article about homes in the next century. Choose
the most suitable heading from the list A-H for each part (1-6) of the text. There
is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

A. Returning to the past

B. Houses will look very different
C. Saving valuable resources
D. Keeping an eye on how things are running
E. New directions in home design
F. Expensive and high-tech
G. Computers will control everything
H. Keeping you safe and sound

HOUSES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

0________E___________________________________________________
We are certain to see many exciting changes in home design in the new
century. There are four main reasons why these changes will come about. We will
20
be increasingly concerned about the environment; conventional energy sources will
become expensive; we will probably become even more worried about security,
and, above all, we will want to take advantage of ‘smart’ computer technology in
home design. So far, this technology has only fed through into experimental
houses and the expensive homes of the rich. In the new century, it will become
available to the average homeowner.
1____________________________________________________________
The future will see the appearance of the intelligent house, incorporating a
centralised computer management system. With smaller computers embedded in
domestic appliances like microwave ovens, cookers, even future vacuum cleaners,
the central computer will be able to send out instructions to start cooking the lunch
or to clean up the house when it decides this needs to be done.
2____________________________________________________________
For an intelligent house to be able to look after itself, it will require a network
of electronic sensors to send information back to the central computer, enabling the
house to monitor the inside temperature and humidity and to ensure that the
optimum levels of both are maintained. The house will also work out when it is
time to water the garden, basing its decision on information flowing back to it from
outside sensors about the levels of moisture in the flower beds and the lawn.
3____________________________________________________________
Future houses will not need to rely on their occupants to protect them against
burglary by bolting doors and locking windows, because they will be able to protect
themselves. Once the central computer learns that there is nobody at home, it will
close any windows that may have been left open, lock all the doors and keep an eye
out for burglars. If anyone tries to break in, it will alert the police or a security
company. Needless to say, if the occupants have been careless enough to leave
something burning on the cooker, the house will see to it that the fire is put out
straightaway.
4____________________________________________________________
So far, we have made minimal use of solar energy in the average home,
except for heating water in some of the sunnier countries. This is bound to change,
however, as it becomes more anti-social to burn oil or even gas, and conventional
fuels become more expensive as their supply starts to run out in the new century.
In order to trap the maximum amount of available sunlight, it will be necessary to
cover the exterior walls of houses with large areas of glazing. Consequently, the
appearance of twenty-first century homes will be dominated by large expanses of
21
glass.
5____________________________________________________________
Insulation will become a major concern in house design. New man-made
materials will be used in house construction to cut down heat loss to the absolute
minimum. The next generation of cooking appliances will require far less power
than the appliances now to be found in homes. Computerised control will
drastically reduce the amount of water used by the average household: dishwashers
and washing machines will have to become much more efficient, as will showers
and toilets. Gardens will be planned from the outset with water conservation in
mind.
6____________________________________________________________
Architects’ visions of twenty-first century urban landscapes with ultra high-
rise towers connected by aerial travelways are slowly giving way to an alternative
concept of communities of small, secure, self-contained living units. The majority
of the public obviously dislikes tower-block flats and would clearly prefer their own
front door. It seems, therefore, that despite all the high-tech features of the homes
of the next century, essentially, we may gо back to the idea of the traditional
house.

Task 3

Make the list of words from both texts with the help of which you can
describe a building. Use them in the sentences of your own.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

Complete the gaps in the text with one word only. All the words you need to
write are either determiners or pronouns. The first one has been done as an
example (0). Explain your choice.

In the 1980s, architects Richard Rogers and Norman Foster rescued the
reputation of their profession in Britain. Nowadays (0) these two men are
responsible for more than half of the landmark buildings currently under way. No (1)
………………. firms of architects come close to matching (2) …………
extraordinary range of new building projects – from bridges and art galleries to
airports and corporate headquarters. Although several commercial practices
22
specialise in office blocks and shopping malls, these companies have (3) ………….
of the scope, invention or cultural drive of the two most influential firms British
architecture has ever known.
Their dominance is (4) …………….. new. Nearly 15 years ago the Royal
Academy included their work in a glamorous show of the most influential British
architects of the time. Foster was represented by the headquarters of the Hongkong
and Shanghai Bank in Hong Kong and Rogers – by he Lloyd's Building in the City
of London. These buildings were as distinctive then as they are now: (5)
……………….. was controversial and has since been acclaimed a masterpiece. (6)
………………… proved that, at the time, Foster and Rogers could produce more
inventive and memorable buildings than almost (7) ……………….. else.
In some ways (8) ……………… Foster and Rogers are outsiders from the
middle class mainstream of British architects, who tend to find it hard to let go and
let their imaginations rip. And, unlike such architects, (9) …………. of them ever
made a distinction between cultural and commercial architecture. Lloyd's and the
Hongkong Bank linked their fortunes to (10) …………… of mega-finance and they
have not looked back since. Yet even if Foster and Rogers were merely efficient,
businesslike architects these factors would not be enough to explain their
dominance of the architectural top twenty. What matters is that they have created –
consistently, convincingly and with only a (11) …………. mistakes along the way –
(12) …………… of the most exciting, memorable and enjoyable buildings of the
past 20 years.

Task 2

For questions 1 - 10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at
the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
There is an example at the beginning (0).

LA TOURETTE MONASTERY
Great architecture has never been dependent on the
(0) expenditure of vast sums of money. One of the greatest SPEND
buildings of all time is the monastery of Sainte-Marie de
la Tourette near Lyon, consecrated in 1960 and built cheaply
from that most (1) ……….. of building materials – concrete. PRETEND
Yet here is a building that is at once as poor and as rich as

23
the mendicant monks for whom it was designed
and built. Poor in terms of cost and the materials used to
build it, rich in ideas and (2) ………….. . SPIRIT
Today, much new architecture is slick and polished, erected
by teams of (3) ………… working to design through very CONTRACT
(4) ………… computer programs. The buildings, whether office RELY
blocks, shopping malls or schools, are (5) …………… in COST
absolute terms, yet generally good value for money. Most,
however, are (6) ………………… or even cynical. SOUL
La Tourette, by contrast, is a tour de force. Set high on a
ridge (7) ………….. the vineyards of Beaujolais country, LOOK
this college and monastery was (8) …………. from the MISSION
great architect Le Corbusier in 1953. La Tourette marked
a profound change in Le Corbusier's approach to architecture;
a move away from the severe, white geometry of his pre-war years.
It also (9) …………. a new architecture for a church trying to PRESENT
come to terms with a world of (10) ………….. and progress. MODERN

Task 3

For Questions 1-15, read the text below and look carefully at each line.
Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If
a line is correct, put a plus (+) by the number. If a line has a word which should
not be there, write the word on the line. There are two examples at the beginning
(0 and 00). Explain your choice.

MOVING HOUSE
0 My family and I had recently moved from London to a suburb and we had
00 are still not used to it. We miss our old neighbours and keep + +
1 getting lost when we go visit to the shops. My father thought it ____
2 would be a good idea to move out of the city, and live in a most ____
3 cleaner and less polluted area. The pace of life here is much more ____
4 slower. There are lots of trees, traditional houses and there is a park ____
5 down of the street, which has a children’s playground, a lake, a ____
6 bandstand and a coffee shop. There is also a swimming pool ____
7 nearby and an ice skating rink, so we will have plenty to do ____
24
8 when we have been finished unpacking and settled down. I ____
9 used to get home from the work at six thirty, but now I get home ____
10 one half an hour later. It also means I have to get up earlier in the ____
11 mornings to get to the office on time and I feel tired by the end of ____
12 the day. My father does not himself work, as he has retired, so ____
13 it is not a problem for him. He spends his time either by helping my ____
14 mother, gardening, or getting to know how the area. I think we will ____
15 soon grow fond of the place and enjoy living in the countryside. ____

PART IV. WRITING

1. Your teacher has asked you to write a discription of the most famous building in
your town for the university magazine. Write your article including historical
facts as well as describing its exterior and interior.
2. Describe a new shop in your town which you feel will be successful, give
reasons for your opinion.
3. You are a reporter for an international travel magazine. The magazine is
publishing a series of articles about castles. Write an article describing a famous
castle, including its history and a description of both the exterior and interior.
4. You have recently spent the weekend at your employer’s cottage. Write a letter
to him/her, outlining what you enjoyed most about your visit and inviting him/her
to visit you at your own house in the near future.

25
 UNIT 3
MEALS AND COOKING
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1
1. Extracts
a) Listen to each extract. Focus on the speaker's main idea – don't worry if
you don't understand every word. You will hear each extract twice.
b) Choose one of the options after listening the first time. If you don't know
an answer, have a guess and go on to the next question.
c) Listen again to check your answers. Make sure the other options could
not be correct.

You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8,
choose the best answer А, В or С.

1. You hear the beginning of a radio programme about food. What does the
presenter say is most surprising about the website he's describing?
A the number of recipes available
В the way that different flavours have been combined
С the fact that one ingredient appears in so many of the recipes

2. You hear an old woman talking about vegetarianism. What is she doing
when she speaks?
A supporting the principles of vegetarianism
В doubting the seriousness of many vegetarians
С explaining why she has become a vegetarian

3. You hear part of an interview with a woman who is in favour of

organically-grown food. What opinion is she expressing?
A Only food grown locally should be labelled as organic.
В It's best to avoid the organic sections of supermarkets.
С Even commercially produced organic food is a good thing.

4. You hear part of a radio discussion about travel guidebooks. What does
Graham find disappointing about the book called The Ultimate Guide!
A the range of information included
В the quality of the illustrations
С the clarity of the descriptions

26
 5. In a radio play, you hear two people talking about pizza.
Where is this scene taking place?
A in their home
В in a restaurant
С in a supermarket

6. You hear part of a radio programme about looking for a job on the Internet.
Which group of people is being described?
A unemployed people
В people dissatisfied with their jobs
С part-time workers looking for full-time jobs

7. You hear a radio news report about a scientific conference. What is the
main aim of the experiment described?
A to attract attention to an idea for a new product
В to demonstrate the power of marketing
С to get funding for a new area of research

8. You hear the owner of a large restaurant talking about her work. What is
her main aim in running the restaurant?
A encouraging competition between the chefs
В ensuring a standardised product for the customers
С involving all the staff in checking the quality of the food

Task 2
Before you listen
What do you know about the world health?
1 Which nationalities do you think have particularly healthy or unhealthy
lifestyles? What are the reasons for this?
2 What are the most common diseases in the world today? Are some more
common in specific countries?

Sentence completion
You will hear an interview about health and diet in some countries around
the world. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. The first one is done for
you.
1. A growing problem in Britain today is the number of overweight children.
2. Penny believes that improving the quality of __________ will have a big
effect on the nation’s health.
27
 3. At the moment, the British spend four times as much on food for
__________ than for schoolchildren.
4. In a traditional Japanese diet, _____________ of their calories come from
carbohydrates.
5. The Inuit of Greenland are an extremely _____________ population.
6. A link between omega-3 oils and better _____________ has only just
been found.
7. Eating curries could be the reason why many elderly Indians still have
good ___________.
8. It is now thought that drinking ___________ could be good for the health.
9. Penny says the French tend to eat fewer ___________ than the British.
10. Penny points out that French people may stay slim because of the timing
of their __________.

Discuss these questions.

1 Were you surprised by anything you heard in the interview?
2 How does your country compare to the ones you heard about?

PART II. READING

Task 1

Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-H for each part (1-6) of
the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an
example at the beginning (0).

A. Simplicity is the key to success

B. Identifying a need for further changes
C. Achieving the same standard worldwide
D. A model for other companies to follow
E. Responding to the changing demands of the customer
F. A challenge to the basic idea of fast food
G. Gradual acceptance of the benefits
H. A surprising amount of evidence

HOW FAST-FOOD GIANTS CHANGED THE WORLD

0____________H___________________________________________________
28
 When future archaeologists start digging up the remains of modern western
civilisation, they will be astonished at how many hamburger and pizza boxes they
come across. For over the last 50 years, the passion for what has become known as
'fast food' has created both a social revolution and an enormous amount of wealth.
1_________________________________________________________________
The story of fast food began in the USA in the 1930s and 1940s, a result of
the country’s love affair with dial other great innovation of the twentieth century,
the automobile. Indeed, in southern California, people were becoming so attached
to their cars that they were happy to spend all evening in them. Realising that this
was bad for trade, restaurants began to employ waitresses known as “car hops”.
Their job was to carry trays of food out to those customers who preferred eating in
their vehicles in the car park to sitting round a table in the traditional manner.
2_________________________________________________________________
Brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald ran one of these 5 successful
“drive-in” restaurants in a town near Los Angeles. The business was not without
its problems, however: staff were always leaving for higher-paid jobs, and the
teenagers who were their main customers were constantly breaking or stealing the
crockery and cutlery. So the McDonalds decided to look again at the basic idea of
the take-away restaurant to see if they could find a way round these drawbacks.
3_________________________________________________________________
In 1948 they came up with the solution – a completely new method of
providing customers with food. They decided to streamline the process by keeping
it as straightforward and uncomplicated as possible. For example, they got rid of
two-thirds of the items on the menu, including anything that had to be eaten with a
knife, fork or spoon. Meanwhile, the kitchen became like a factory with machines
doing most of the cooking and each unskilled employee performing just one
routine task according to strict rules and regulations.
4_________________________________________________________________
What the McDonald brothers had understood was the importance of
uniformity. The success of any fast-food chain depends on the reliability of its
product. Consumers can order a “Big Mac” at any McDonald’s on the planet and
know exactly what they will get. In order to achieve this guaranteed level of 55
quality, the food must be heavily processed and the whole system of food
preparation must be tightly controlled. McDonald’s has a handbook for employees
which contains precise 60 instructions on how everything is to be cooked, from
how thick the French fries should be to how far apart burgers should be placed on
29
the grill.
5_________________________________________________________________
The fast-food industry now employs millions of people worldwide.
McDonald's alone now trains more new workers every year than the US army. It is
the largest owner of retail property in the world and its corporate symbol, the
golden arches, is recognised everywhere. Inspired by the success of the McDonald
brothers, dozens of lookalike fast-food chains have spread out across the world
from the USA. And the influence of the McDonald approach can be seen
throughout the service economy. There are now chains of coffee bars, shops and
all manner of other businesses which benefit from being organised according to
the same principles.
6_________________________________________________________________
Although fast food does have its good points – it’s convenient, cheap and
tasty – there are some people who question its long-term appeal. The leading US
chains are no longer growing so quickly, and some people have linked this
slowdown with a new attitude towards food in the western world. As people
increasingly turn to the healthier lifestyle associated with fresh produce, local food
and old-fashioned methods of food preparation, it will be interesting to see
whether the fast-food industry has perhaps had its day.

Task 2

You are going to read a magazine article about various people who have
run restaurants. For Questions 1-14, choose from the people (A-D).
They had children who accepted what their parents did. 0 B
When they started, they did not serve the food they would have liked to. 1 ___
They paid to eat good food even as students. 2 ___
They get some private time together every day. 3 ___
People can also stay overnight at their restaurant. 4 ___
They did not originally plan to do the cooking themselves. 5 ___
People have to make a special effort to reach the restaurant. 6 ___ 7 ___
They consider that contact with the customers is essential. 8 ___
They found some customers very difficult. 9 ___

30
The quality of the restaurant has been officially recognised. 10 ___ 11 __
They may have another attempt at running a restaurant. 12 __
They did not benefit financially from opening the restaurant. 13 __
They allow themselves a break from the restaurant every year. 14 __
WOULDN'T IT BE FUN TO RUN A RESTAURANT!
People – ordinary, sane, decent but untrained people – have decided that it
would be wonderful to start their own restaurant.
A
Roger Bates knew he wanted his own restaurant when he was 23. But he
didn't make his move until he was 39. The property he and his wife, Sandra,
bought is a restaurant with rooms for guests, which is down a quiet lane on the
wooded slopes of a beautiful valley. “People will come and find you if you are
good enough. That was the challenge.” Roger says the only unpredicted difficulty
was the attitude of some of the customers. “It was hard to get used to being treated
like servants.” For Sandra, the most demanding part was the physical work. She
also had the difficulty of taking over someone else’s staff and someone else’s
menus. She gradually changed the menus, and she has a little more time off now
that the business is established.
B
Tony and Gina Wignell of Strathlachlan in Scotland, have spent their
whole lives in the hotel and catering industry. They have made one major
sacrifice, however, as by moving into a restaurant they have taken a considerable
drop in income for a better quality of life. Tony and Gina used to manage a hotel,
which provided financial security but never-ending work. Moving to the restaurant
has meant working seven days a week in the high season, but they can make time
for themselves by shutting in the afternoon. And by closing down entirely during
the off-season, they get a clear two months off. But they found it hard to combine
being in the restaurant trade with bringing up a family. Despite this they carried on
and their children, now 18 and 20, look back and say that they never realised that
there was any other life.

C
It's a similar story for Tina Bricknell-Webb and her husband Tony. “I’m on
my feet for such long hours. You have to be incredibly strong to do this job.”

31
Tina's first experience of cooking in a restaurant was when the chef walked out
three days after it opened. Gradually, her confidence has built up. For Tony and
Tina the hard work has been made worthwhile by a special award for excellent
food. Tony believes their restaurant works because they run the show themselves.
“If you have a place like this, the customers want to see you there every time they
come in. You’re an actor and they’ve bought your performance with the price of a
dinner.” Clearly proud of their achievement, the Bricknell-Webbs admit there have
been sacrifices. They have no social life and no children. If they did start a family,
the restaurant would have to go.
D
David and Jane Blackford found this to be true. When their restaurant
opened for business they had two small children. “When they were very small we
could manage by putting them to bed early but later there was a real conflict of
interest. On Saturdays and Sundays we’d sit them down in front of videos. I ended
up feeling it was David and the restaurant against me and the children.” When
David caught pneumonia, they made their decision. The family had to come first.
“One day we may have another adventure in the restaurant trade, but for the time
being putting up the ‘closed’ sign has been a great relief.”
E
Perhaps David and Hilary Brown have the most perfect arrangement. Ever
since they met at school in their teens they had dreamt of having a restaurant.
While other teenagers went out to clubs, David and Hilary saved up to go to
restaurants. When they saw a little restaurant for sale outside Edinburgh, they
couldn’t resist. Now the restaurant, which holds thirty people, is their whole life. It
is well known for its food and appears in the best guide books, so people are
prepared to travel long distances to eat there.

Task 3

If you had an opportunity what kind of restaurant would you open? What
type of food would you serve? Use the words and ideas from tasks 1 – 2 part
Reading.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

32
 Read the text below and think of a word which best fits each space. Use
only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Explain
your choice.

FISH AND CHIPS

If you ask any British person (0) to name the country’s national dish, you
(1) ………… probably receive the answer: ‘fish and chips’. But that person might
be surprised to learn that the chips, or fried potatoes, (2) ……….. probably
invented by the French, and that the whole dish only dates back (3) …………
around 1860. This was (4) ………….. the first shop selling fish and chips together
opened in London.
Over the years, the dish has occasionally gone (5) ………….. of fashion, as
people tried other types of take-away food (6) …………… a change – but each
time, a new generation (7) ………….. come along and rediscovered it. Now there
must (8) …………. well over 8,000 shops in the UK, eight for (9) ……….. one
McDonald's restaurant, and a British-style shop has just opened in New York.
Apart (10) ………… a few fish-and-chip shops in European holiday resorts,
the dish is rarely served abroad. But the owners of the new shop in Manhattan will
be offering the ‘real thing’ from (11) …………. beginning. They have
(12) …………. running a traditional British tea-shop in New York for several
years and so already know (13) ………….. to recreate a ‘British experience’ for
the Americans. But New Yorkers had (14) ………….. be prepared for a shock. As
well as covering the food in salt and vinegar, the shop even wraps (15) ………….
in old newspapers – British style!

Task 2

Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed from the word given in
the margin. All the words you need to write contain negative prefixes. The first one
has been done as an example.

Complaining can be used constructively, for example

to draw attention to (0) inefficiency but all too often in EFFICIENT
western society it consists of (1) …………..moaning and SOCIAL
groaning which leads to (2) ……………. and TRUST
unnecessary arguments within relationships.

33
So it is refreshing to live in a society where people
do not complain. Kiribati consists of thirty-three small
islands located in the Central Pacific. By western
standards, the islanders' diet is plain and monotonous,
but, thanks to plentiful fish, none of the islanders suffer from
(3) ………….. Feasts are popular social occasions, but NUTRITION
if the fish is underdone or the rice proves to be (4) ……….., EDIBLE
nobody complains. Similarly, in restaurants, if the waiter
brings the wrong dish or the bill is (5) …………., the error CALCULATE
is pointed out with a calm smile, not a surly frown.
Ships frequently leave hours later than scheduled, yet the
passengers wait with none of the signs of (6) ……………. PATIENT
which would be loudly evident elsewhere.

Other traits of the Kiribati people complement this (7) …… INCLINE

to complain. Teachers find it difficult to get their pupils
to answer questions in class because it is culturally (8) …… ACCEPT
to show yourselves to be better than those around you.
Competition is not exactly frowned upon in this society,
but it is refreshingly (9) …………… Western tennis stars, CHARACTER
well-known for their (10) …………. behaviour on court, MODEST
could learn a lot from one young finalist here who, despite
being the better player, deliberately lost the match as his
opponent was an older and more respected member of the village.

Task 3

For Questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer, А, В, С
or D, best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Explain
your choice.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Herbal medicine is the use of plants to (0) cure an illness. This form of
medicine, often used (1) ………. more conventional types of drugs, has been
practised through the centuries, and probably began several thousands of years
(2) ………. Today it is increasing in popularity, and herbal medicine shops are
becoming a familiar (3) ……….. .
The most comprehensive classification of herbal (4) ………. was John
34
Parkinson’s Theatrum Botanicum, published in 1640. Now there are many such
books available, and (5) ………. on the plant and the treatment, the whole plant
or individual parts may be used in the cure. (6) …………, seeds, fruit flowers,
leaves, stems, and barks of plants are used (7) ………. preparing a remedy for a
sick person. (8) ………. commonest way to treat an illness is infusion, where the
fresh herb or plant is boiled, then strained and drunk like tea. The tincture, another
common form of (9) ………., is part of the herb or plant mixed (10) ………. five
parts of alcohol. Nowadays, herbal medicine is available in forms easier to (11)
…………, such as lotion, liquid or (12) .......... .
Many diseases, (13) ………… and pains can be treated with herbal
medicines. Some commonly treated conditions are colds and influenza, when
peppermint, ginger and yarrows are (14) ………… together; insomnia is helped
with passion flower, hops and lime flowers, and if you feel (15) ………..,
camomile and peppermint are very effective.

0 A assist В medicate С doctor D cure

1. A to the side В aside С sideways D alongside
2. A since В ago С before D passed
3. A display B view С sight D outlook
4. A remedies B supports С relieves D doses
5. A depending B relying С hanging D resting
6. A Distinctly B Usually С Positively D Genuinely
7. A by B from С in D with
8. A The B Some С An D One
9. A prescription B doctoring С therapy D care
10. A to B with С over D for
11. A have B be С make D take
12. A medicine B cap С potion D tablet
13. A aches B agonies С pangs D hurts
14. A mixed B tied С joined D united
15. A sore B sick С painful D injured

PART IV. WRITING

1. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her for a dinner party. Describe
your ideas about the party and the food you are going to cook. Ask your friend
about his/her favourite dish.
2. Your pen friend has written you a letter asking for advice on how to improve
35
his/her eating habits and get fit. Write a letter offering advice.
3. You have had a class discussion about the following statement:
Fast food is a good alternative to cooking for yourself.
Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay expressing your opinion and
giving reasons for your point of view.
4. Young people today are addicted to junk food. Do you agree? Write us an
article telling us what you think. The best article will be published next month.
Write your article.

36
 UNIT 4
STUDENT’S LIFE AND STUDIES
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1

You will hear an interview with a novelist. For questions 1-10, complete the
sentences.
Laura explains that she studied 1_______ at university.
Laura followed a career as a 2_______________ for many years.
Laura says she found her job both satisfying and 3____________.
The first type of book, which Laura attempted to write, was a 4_____ novel.
Laura noticed that novels dealing with the 5___________ were doing well.
Laura’s novel is about a man who believed he’d discovered a 6_________.
Laura gives the example of 7________ as a historical detail she needed to
research.
In Laura’s novel, most of the 8______________ are invented.
When planning a novel, Laura concentrates on the 9_______________ first.
When she’s working on a book, Laura usually writes about 10_____ per day.

Task 2

You will hear a radio programme about a proposed new system for dividing
up the academic year in Britain. For questions 1-7, decide which of the statements
are true and which are false. Write T for true or F for false in the box provided. If
it is false, write the correct answer.

1. At present, British schoolchildren have four weeks’ holiday in the summer.

2. With the proposed new system, they would have more frequent holidays.
3. The main benefit of the new system is that the autumn term would be
shorter.
4. Pupils would remember the previous year’s work better under the new
system.
5. Problems will be caused if only some schools change to the new system.
6. The new system would make life more difficult for all working mothers.
7. Young teachers are not in favour of the proposed new system.

37
 PART II. READING
Task 1

You are going to read an article about a scheme to help educate students
who do not attend regular lessons at school. Eight sentences have been removed
from the article. Choose from the sentences A-I the one which fits each gap (1-7).
There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at
the beginning (0).

TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING

Each term, an increasing number of young people are excluded from school
in Britain for a range of reasons including truancy, expulsion, or because their
parents' work involves travelling. Some academics now believe that the 'virtual
classroom', using computer networks, could be the best way to lure these young
people back to some form of learning. 0 G
Currently, in most local authorities, the availability of ‘home tuition’ ranges
from sparse to non-existent. The results of this are predictable.1___ By the time
he is 20, he will be living on state benefits or on the proceeds of pickpocketing or
burglaries.
The tragedy is that John knows all this very well. He is perfectly aware that
the successful pupils he makes fun of and bullies are likely to be the winners in the
end. The bus in the distance, though visible and brightly lit, has left him behind.
2___
Suppose, though, that someone brought him a computer with software that
set him interesting work to do at home, at his own pace, without fear of failure or
ridicule, where he could pick and choose from different subjects. He could contact
a tutor when he needed help and chat to other pupils in his group from the peace
and quiet of his home.
3___ Treated seriously by adults, he might regain some pride and belief in
himself. He might eventually sit a few exams and get some qualifications and
actually do quite well.
4___ The point is that nobody will know until someone gives the idea a
proper trial, with good equipment and software, high-quality teachers and adequate
funding. This autumn, a team led by Stephen Heppell of Anglia University's
Ultralab is going to do just that.
The plan is to start with a pilot group of 30 teenagers who are not in full-

38
time education for a variety of reasons. 5___ Much has to be worked out, which is
why this is a pilot project. “We need to put together a toolkit for what works
-methodology and pedagogy,” says Heppell.
6____ Exactly what will on-screen tasks look like? What about pupils with
literacy problems? Who will be the tutors? How will targets be set, and what about
the pupils who drop out – as some, presumably, will? “There will be failure for
some,” says Heppell, “and we have to think how to manage that.”
In a sense, all of these problems, though they demand attention, add up to
theoretical detail. The real issues, however, concern a change in the willingness
and positive attitudes in the government and educational bodies. If this is to be
achieved, then all those involved will be acknowledging that school is not the only
answer and that there are other routes to learning. 7____
The Ultralab scheme has influential support from those who see it as a
means of attacking truancy and exclusion. Arguably, though, it will also question
some of the assumptions about formal schooling.

A. They will be given state-of-the-art hardware, video and audio

facilities, and they will be grouped into fours, each group sharing a tutor.

B. Similarly, it will become apparent that if a participative approach to

learning works better for marginalised pupils, then it will work for others too.

C. So, he makes his mark in the only way he can and, in doing so, he
feels worthless and miserable.

D. Take John, for example; he is permanently excluded, too far behind to

be successful in another school and drifting into criminal circles.

E. Or, of course, it might all end in tears and failure yet again.

F. Theoretically, this sounds fine but the number of still unanswered

questions is almost bewildering.

G. Such a scheme would provide the pupils with access to education

while they are at home.

H. This is an example of how not to use a potentially powerful resource.

I. Were this to happen, he might stay in and work and begin to feel part
of a learning community.
39
 Task 2

You are going to read a magazine article written by a woman who has
returned to studying in retirement. For questions 1 – 7, choose the answer A, B,
C or D which you think fits best according to the text. Explain your choice.
CARRY ON LEARNING
Everyone, whatever their age, can share in the joy and fulfillment of
learning, as June Weatherall found out.

When I first retired, I thought I’d love spending more time on the
gardening, needlework, and other creative activities I’d found so relaxing after
my demanding job. But it didn’t turn out that way. I found that I didn’t want, or
need, that kind of relaxation anymore. I wanted to stimulate my mind instead.
Also, they’re all solitary activities and I missed the company and interests of my
old work companions.
So, with a couple of friends, I went along to an art appreciation evening
class at our local regional college. It was wonderful, but only lasted a year. At
the end, I asked my tutor. “What next?” He suggested I attend his history of art
access course. “Whatever’s that?” I asked. The college had an open evening
coming up, so I went along to find out.
A full-time access course takes one year and gives you access to
university if, like me, you left school without any qualifications, and it’s free if
you do it full-time. I only wanted to do the art history bit, but even so, with my
pensioner’s discount, it would cost a mere ₤30 per term.
Lyn, who organizes the courses for the college, was enthusiastic. ‘Why
don’t you do the whole course? You could start in the spring term with art
history, do another module in the summer, then go full-time in the autumn and
do all the subjects’. It sounded wonderful, but wasn’t I a bit old, at 63 to start
being a student? A definite ‘no’. One of the students that year was 82. That
clinched it. It must be worth having a go.
The art history part of the course, which I’ve just completed, was
stimulating and involved a trip to the Louvre museum in Paris, which was
wonderful. The tutors are enthusiasts and infect us all with their enjoyment of
the subject they teach. ‘Lively’ would be the wont to describe the classes. My
fellow students, who are also doing subject like psychology, maths, biology, etc,
are good company. They’re mainly people in their thirties with children, taking

40
a second bite at the educational cherry. There’s a crèche to help those with
toddlers and an excellent library. They’re kind enough to say they find the older
students offer a lot in experience – they certainly give a lot to us in newer ways
of looking at things. One, a nurse, is changing direction and has a place at
Anglia University to do a degree course in art history. Another has been
accepted to do English.
We have homework and have to do an essay each term for each subject,
and sit exams. For art history, I chose to write about the Bauhaus a college for
all the arts set up in Germany: in the early twentieth century. The last essay I’d
written had been a lifetime ago in 1955, but I managed. We also had to produce
a journal about all the painters we’d learn about which was fun, but rather time-
consuming. Occasionally I envy the more typical nature students, who just do
courses for fun and don’t have to do exams or essays, but really I’m a very
happy lady. There are drawbacks, however. The main one is you have to make a
commitment. During term time, you can’t just drop everything and go out for
the day if the sun shines – one of the supposed joys of retirement.
Will I go on to university if I’m successful? I’ll see how next year goes.
Meanwhile, exercising my brain cells is working well for me. I feel alive. The
garden’s getting a bit out of control, but that’s the least of my worries’.

1. What did June discover when she first retired?

A She had more free time than she expected.
B She had not really been very happy in her job.
C She needed activities she could do on her own.
D She no longer found her big hobbies satisfying.

2. What first attracted June to the access course?

A Some of her friends were doing it.
B She knew somebody who taught on it.
C She’d decided she wanted to study full-time.
D Pensioners who old it were offered a discount.

3. The word clinched means

A made up my mind for me.
B put me under pressure to decide.
C made me reconsider my decision.
D left me unsure what to do next.

41
 4. What does June say about the teachers on the access course?
A They are very patient with the more mature students.
B They need to know a lot about a wide range of subjects.
C They appear to be genuinely interested in what they teach.
D They have problems dealing with such a variety of students.

5. What does one refer to?

A a subject June has to study
B a student on the course June is doing
C a new way of approaching art history
D an experience June can share with others

6. What disadvantage of the access course does June mention?

A It limits her freedom in some ways.
B It involves homework which is rather boring.
C It doesn’t give her the chance to take exams.
D It attracts students who are not really committed.

7. From the last paragraph, we understand that June is

A anxious about her garden.
B determined to take a degree.
C enjoying what she’s currently doing.
D unsure whether studying is really for her.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

For questions 1 - 15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits
each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Explain your choice.
HOMEWORK
The homework question is (0) as old as it is difficult to answer. Educators in
Britain have been arguing about it (1) ………… homework became commonplace
in the mid-19th century. Any (2) ……….. the public has voiced concern about
falling educational standards, schools have responded by assigning more
homework. Eventually they give (3) ………… assignment too many, then there is
42
an outcry about the cruelty of it all. Schools respond by assigning (4) ………….
homework until one day (5) ………… asks why standards are dropping, draws the
(6) ……….. that more homework is needed and the pendulum swings
(7) ………… again.
Although primary schools are (8) ……….. no obligation to assign
homework, the current government guidelines (9) …………. that children in the
first three years of primary school do one hour of homework a week, while
children in years five and six (10) ………….. be assigned half an hour daily.
However, a 1999 study carried (11) ……………. at Durham University found
there was no evidence that homework in primary schools boosted academic
performance, and (12) …………… evidence that it might even cause harm. There
is also widespread concern in the profession that badly-constructed homework
policies could (13) ………… to a widening of the (14) …………… between
children with educated parents and children (15) ………… parents left school
early.

Task 2

Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed from the word given in the
margin. Four of the words you need to write begin with out. The first one has been
done as an example. Translate the formed words.

Childhood self-esteem can overwhelm academic

disadvantage or social (0) deprivation in determining DEPRIVE
future earnings power, according to major new research.

There is now clear evidence that the earnings of people

who had higher self-esteem at age ten (1) ……… those STRIP
of their peers whose academic performance was better
at the same age. Bright children often have higher
self-esteem, as do some from more affluent (2) ………. . GROUND
But the study compared children from similar families and
still found that those who were psychologically
well-balanced at ten were now (3) ………….. their peers. PERFORM
The research also found, surprisingly, that it is not unusual
for children to have high academic (4) ………. and low ACHIEVE
43
self-esteem leading to significant later (5) ………. in the PERFORM
jobs market. A spokesman for the British Association for
Counselling said: '(6) ……….. for children doesn't come COURAGE
only from crude parental hostility at home: it can just be
(7) ……… or the constant feeling that they're making you RESENT
tired. Children pick that up. Nor is it only (8) …………. PRIVILEGE
children who suffer. All too often you can ask affluent
parents who the important people in their child's life are –
teachers, friends and so on – and they haven't a clue.'

Bearing out the findings of this research, many (9) … STAND

successful entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson, were
(10) …………… academically when they were at school SHINE
but had the advantage of supportive families.

Task 3

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some lines are
correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct,
put a plus (+) by the number. If a line has a word which should not be there,
write the word in the space at the end of the line. Explain your choice.

One of the most fastest growing areas of interest on the Internet 1 __

is health. The problem is that the websites are so numerous in that 2 __
it is hard job to know where to start. As well as the more respectable 3 __
sites, there are also the sites just wishing to sell you the more latest pills 4 __
and therapies. In addition, there are the far more than dangerous sites 5 __
that mean well, but do not give an enough accurate and reliable 6 __
information. Such as information could do more to harm patients 7 __
than cure them. However, the results of a survey recently carried 8 __
out show that most people are using the Internet to find out the more 9 __
detailed facts about their frequently occurring health problems, once 10 __
they have been diagnosed by their family doctor. One new idea is to have 11 __
doctors in website chat rooms, where a person can talk the more easily to 12 __
a doctor about problems and get such a good and quick advice that they 13 __
do not need to go outside their house. However, the problem is that the 14 __
more as often patients consult their doctors in this way, the more likely it 15 __
44
is that the personal contact of between patient and doctor will be lost. 16 __

PART IV. WRITING

Write your essay to one of these topics:

1. Teaching children with learning disabilities.

2. Do you really need a high school diploma or college degree to be
successful today? Why or why not?
3. Sex education in public schools.
4. What do schools need to do to prepare students for the 21st century?
5. Imagine that your teacher wants to teach a new subject for the next few weeks. 
Your teacher will take suggestions, and then let the students vote on the new
subject. What subject should your class choose? Write an essay to support your
choice and to persuade the other students to vote for your choice.
6. Should teachers wear uniforms or have a dress code?
7. Should students be allowed to grade their teachers?

45
 UNIT 5
JOBS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1
1. Before you listen
Match the people (1-6) to the descriptions (a-f) of what their job
involves.
1. An architect a) sells cut flowers and pot plants.
2. A civil engineer b) designs roads, bridges, etc.
3. A construction worker с) grows fruit and vegetables for sale.
4. A florist d) designs gardens.
5. A landscape gardener e) designs houses, office blocks and other buildings.
6. A market gardener f) builds roads, bridges and buildings.
Task 1.1
You will hear one short passage twice.
You overhear three people talking about a musical they have just seen.
How did the leading actor perform?
A He sang and acted well.
В Не sang and acted badly.
С Не sang badly but acted well.
Task 1.2
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8
choose the best answer А, В or С. You will hear each short passage twice.

1. You hear two people talking at a party. What is the man’s job?
A a florist
В a market gardener
С a landscape gardener

2. Listen to two women talking on the phone. One is a designer and has just
started working from home. What does the designer think is the drawback of
working from home?
A She feels lonely.
В She works longer hours.
С She feels unhealthy.

46
 3. Listen to two interviewers discussing a candidate for a job. What did they
like most about her?
A her character
В her skills and qualifications
С her previous experience

4. Listen to a woman talking about leaving her job. Why did she give it up?
A She felt she was not appreciated.
В She didn't enjoy her duties.
С She became depressed.

5. Listen to a department manager in a big company talking to the Personnel

Manager about a problem with one of her staff. What is the problem?
A He is often late.
В His work is careless.
С He seems to resent her.

6. Listen to a man and a woman talking about the man's new job. What does
he like best about it?
A the travel
В the increased responsibility
С the working hours

7. Listen to a woman talking about her job. What is she?

A a construction worker
В a designer
С a civil engineer

8. Listen to a businessman talking on the radio about how he started his

company. What gave him the opportunity to start his own business?
A He inherited money.
В Не invented a successful new range of products.
С Не was very self-confident.

47
 Task 1.3

You will hear five people talking about computers in a work context. For
questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F how each speaker feels. Use the letters
only once. There is one extra letter, which you do not need to use.

A critical
B disappointed Speaker 1 ___1
C enthusiastic Speaker 2 ___2
D irritated Speaker 3 ___3
E objective Speaker 4 ___4
F proud Speaker 5 ___5

Task 2

You will hear five people explaining what they think about crime prevention.
For questions 1-5, choose which of the opinions A-F each speaker expresses. Use
the letters only once. There is one extra letter you do not need to use.

A Police can’t be expected to fight crime without

support.
B Some people have their priorities wrong when it Speaker 1 ______1
comes to preventing crime. Speaker 2 ______2
C Education can change people’s chance of being Speaker 3 ______3
the victim of crime. Speaker 4 ______4
D Not everyone knows what difficulties the police Speaker 5 ______5
face.
E People may not be aware of all the facilities that
are available.
F It’s not really a serious problem.

48
 PART II. READING
Task 1

1. You are going to read an article about five young people who have
each made a lot of money by setting up a business. For Questions 1-15 choose
from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once. When more
than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example
at the beginning (0).

Which young person:

is carrying on a family tradition? 0C
found one part of the work hard at the beginning? 1__
says that he/she prefers to be his/her own boss? 2__
is careful with money? 3__ 4___
got financial help from an organisation? 5__
says he/she does the work mostly for the money? 6__ 7___
feels that further education would be a waste of time? 8__
ignored advice that he/she was given? 9__
says he/she finds the work itself the main motivation? 10__
has turned an initial disappointment to his/her advantage? 11__ 12___
says he/she enjoys the creative side of the business most? 13__
is willing to give up aspects of his/her social life for
the business? 14__
has received a prize in recognition of what he/she has achieved?15__

HOW TO GET RICH YOUNG

We asked five young people who have already made their fortunes in business to
tell us the secret of their success.

A. Justin Etzin (24)

It all began when Justin, then aged 16, tried to get into a nightclub and was
turned away for being too young. “After that, I kept on at them until they let me
organise an under-20s party,” he recalls. “They were expecting about 50 teenagers
to turn up, but I’d found them 2000!” Justin continued organising parties during
his school holidays and had made enough money by the age of his 18 to buy
himself a speedboat. Today, at 24, he has other business interests and a fortune of
£2 million. But Justin’s not just in it for the financial rewards. “What gets me
49
excited is coming up with new ideas,” he insists, “and at the end of the day, I’d
rather be healthy than wealthy.”
B. Lee Allen (20)
Lee set up a sports-coaching business when he was just 18. “Everyone
warned me that it was a tough world and I wasn’t experienced enough to take the
disappointments that lay ahead. But I felt confident in what I was doing, so I took
no notice of them. My idea was to coach children with special needs and because
nobody else was doing that, I got a grant and an office from Mencap, a charity
which helps the mentally disabled. At first, the administrative side was a real
struggle, but I managed it somehow. Last year, the company I set up won an award
for being the most innovative new business in the country. That means more to me
than any money I’ve made out of it.”
C. Charlotte Crossley (18)
Charlotte first started up in business when so she was 12 years old, making
and selling things called ‘friendship bracelets.’ She paid friends to make them,
using her materials and designs. Since then, she’s expanded into make-up and hair
accessories and was able to buy herself a brand new car last year. “My father and
grandfather were both successful businessmen, so making money seemed natural
to me. I am studying for A levels, but I have decided not to go to university
because I don't feel it has anything more to offer me. Work excites me more. I can
work all day every day without a break and never get bored. I lead a hectic life –
socialising, schoolwork and working. But why not? I feel like I can have it all.”

D. Thomas Jones (20)

Tom started playing with computers when he was five. By the time he was
12, he’d set up his own web page on the Internet and was selling advertising space.
He now runs a profitable business from his bedroom at home, offering a complete
Internet and technical support service. “I have always been fascinated by
computers. I’m proud of what I’ve achieved. But what really keeps me going is
the thought of all the cash I’m making. I think it’s worth giving up a few nights
out in case there aren’t the same opportunities later. Our projected turnover for
next year is £160,000, so the business is a huge investment.” Apart from buying
himself a few treats, Tom mainly reinvests his money. “But I still intend to go to
university, no matter how much I make, because in any business you need to keep
up with new developments.”

50
 E. Louise Bagshawe (25)
Things haven’t always gone well for Louise. After she’d written her first
book at the age of 23, a publisher took one look at it and advised her to tear it up
and start again. “I was so upset by their reaction,” said Louise, “that I bought a pile
of very successful novels and read them from cover to cover to remind myself of
my business aim. This was to write ‘popular’ books that would earn me a fortune
by working for myself, rather than earning peanuts working for someone else.”
The rewritten novel became the first of four ‘blockbusters’ which have made
Louise a millionaire. However, she does not splash her money around. “I’m saving
up for a rainy day. Who knows what will happen in the future.”

2. To your mind, what character features helped people to achieve

success?

Task 2
1. You are going to read an article about crimes against property. Eight
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-I the
one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need
to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

In recent years, there has been an explosion of property-related crimes in
almost every country. Despite what the majority of people think, such crime is not
committed by professional criminals, nor is it carefully planned. 0 E However, it
is surprising how many people still fail to take sensible steps to protect their
property and belongings.
In the case of preventing theft from the home, this can be easily done by
installing alarms or fitting strong locks on all points of access to the house. 1__
Additionally, intruders are seldom keen to try their luck on buildings where
there are signs of life. 2__ This may be as simple as leaving a light or television
on while you are out.
As most burglaries are committed by adolescents and young men living
within two or three kilometres of the victim, they tend to have a good knowledge
of the area and are constantly on the lookout for the telltale signs of empty
premises. Amazingly, in three out of ten break-ins, the thief does not even have to
use force to get in because the householder has left a door unlocked or a window
open. 3___

51
 While not quite in the same league as theft and burglary, there has also been
a huge increase in vandalism and the destruction of property. One area of the
community badly affected by vandalism is schools – for example, between five
and ten per cent of some education authorities' maintenance budgets is spent
repairing deliberate damage. 4__
Another very visible form of property crime is the writing and spray-painting
which plagues many city walls. Graffiti has long been identified as one of the major
causes of the fear of crime among many city residents. 5___ If it is widespread, it
may even reduce tourism for similar reasons.
The vandals themselves, on the other hand, take great pleasure in graffiti
because of the notoriety and kudos it may generate for them, and although some
murals display a great amount of talent on the part of the artist, more common are
the unattractive tags, or ‘signatures’. 6____ The offenders normally plan their
strikes carefully and because it doesn't take them long to spray their messages,
they are rarely apprehended by the police. 7____
Despite the depressing statistics associated with property crime, greater
cooperation between police, schools, businesses and the local community as a
whole will help in the fight to reduce it.

A. If opportunities like these did not exist, criminals would have a much
harder time and many crimes would not be committed at all.

B. Their acts resulted in the arrests of several burglars and vandals.

C. This is because people often associate it with the presence of street

gangs and consequently may become afraid to frequent or use those public spaces
where it is prevalent.

D. As a result, they seldom have convictions or a police record.

E. In fact, it is the work of opportunists and theoretically, therefore, should be
easy to prevent.

F. These are sprayed on as many places as possible and often refer to the
gang or 'crew' to which the culprit belongs.

G. So the police often advise to try to give the impression that someone is
at home.

52
 H. The money could be used elsewhere by reducing vandalism through
good design, sensible security measures and better management.

I. Burglars shy away from doors and windows which are properly
secured as these can be difficult to open.
2. Write down all the words connected with the topic “Crime”. Use them
in the sentences of your own.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1
Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed from the word given in
the margin. All the words you need to write begin with over or under. The first
one has been done as an example. Translate the formed words.

Britain may be turning into a society of (0) overtired parents TIRE

and (1) …………… children who lack the stimulus afforded ACHIEVE
by social contact with other family members. In the early 1990s,
it was widely forecast that, by the turn of the century, large
numbers of working people would be involved in family-friendly
options such as job-sharing or working from home. As it turned out,
the numbers were greatly (2) …….. .A recent survey shows that ESTIMATE
only one in fifty people is involved in job sharing and less than
one in four companies allow employees to work from home.
What the pundits did not foresee was the explosion in (3) ………… NIGHT
working caused by the advent of the 24-hour society. A report
out this week (4) ……………… this fact: almost a quarter of SCORE
British employees now work at some point between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.,
and sixty-one percent of working families have one or other parent
away from home during early mornings, evenings, nights or
weekends. The charity which sponsored the report fears that
this situation is (5) …………… family life in Britain and MINE
creating an (6) ………… of children who are ‘passed like CLASS
batons’ in a relay race between shift-working parents, or even
left unattended for prolonged periods.
In the past, most shift-work was in the manufacturing industry
where workers earned (7) …………… for working unsocial hours. TIME
53
However, the biggest increase in late working in the past five
years has come from the retail sector, where staff are rarely paid a
premium for night work. As work of this type is typically
(8) ……………, it is difficult for staff to afford the necessary PAY
childcare while they work nights.

Even administrative staff and managerial staff are now frequently

expected to (9) …………. night work. Many would prefer not to, TAKE
but fear that if they refuse, they will be deliberately (10) ……….. LOOK
when it comes to time for a promotion or salary review.

Task 2
Read the text below and decide which answer А, В or С best fits each space.
Explain your choice.

MY CAREER
My name is Helena. Although I did well at school and managed to
(1) ……….. all my exams when I was 18, I decided not to go to university. I
wanted to make lots of money instead. I (2) ………… for three jobs with large
international companies and (3) …………. an interview with one of them the
following week. They offered me the job. I was now Helena Roberts – Assistant
Marketing Manager!
For the first two years I (4) ………… very little money, but I worked
conscientiously. As a result, I soon (5) ……….. promoted. My dream was to
become Managing Director. That was my first big mistake. The company closed
down a month later and I was (6) …………. redundant!
In my next job, the working conditions were awful. I wanted to
(7) …………. and look for something else. My colleagues, however, persuaded
me to (8) …………. on strike with them for better pay. That, of course, was my
second big mistake. The boss immediately (9) …………. us the sack! It was six
months before I found another job.
I've been with my present company for five years now. I am extremely
happy and intend to stay here until I (10) ………….. at 65. I no longer dream of
being Managing Director. Having a job is enough for me.

1. A pass B take C succeed

2. A looked B applied C offered
54
 3. A went B attended C made
4. A gained B won C earned
5. A became B got C took
6. A made B become C told
7. A resign B dismiss C release
8. A make B go C put
9. A put B showed C gave
10. A retire B graduate C withdraw

Task 3
Complete each gap in this extract from a newspaper article with a suitable
verb, adverb or preposition. The first one has been done as an example. Explain
your choice.

Escaped prisoner Dean Parsons finally gave himself (0) up this morning
after a dramatic twelve-hour siege during which he threatened to
(1) …………….himself and his female hostage up with a hand grenade. Parsons,
who was serving an eight-year sentence for holding (2) ………… a Post Office
and making (3) ………….with five thousand pounds, had (4) ………….. out of
Peterhead prison eleven days previously. The hostage is believed to be Kelly
McAlister, Parson's former girlfriend, and the occupant of the flat where the siege
took place.
Three years ago, when Parsons first came (5) ……………… the court for
armed robbery, McAlister was brought (6) ….……… on charges of being an
accomplice to the crime. However, when the jury brought their verdict
(7) ………….., McAlister was let (8) ………………. for lack of evidence. After
he was sentenced, Parsons was led from the dock shouting “You should have
(9) ……………. her down too. It was her idea in the first place!”
It is not yet known where or how Parsons spent his first ten days
(10) ………….. the run, but last night neighbours of McAlister’s phoned the
police to report sounds of someone breaking (11) ……………… next door. The
police arrived to find ... .

55
 PART IV. WRITING
Read the advertisements, choose one and write your letter of application.
1. 2.
Young person
with musical skills Small World is an international charity that offers
required to assist on young people a chance to live and study in a
nationwide summer country of their choice
courses for young Apply for your scholarship now!
children Tell us about yourself and give us some idea of
what you want to do and why.
If your letter is chosen, we will invite you to an
No experience required interview and discuss your application further.
Write to …
Write to: Mike Swallow, International Scholarship,
Small World, World House, Trafalgar
Square, London W1X

56
 UNIT 6
SEASONS AND WEATHER.
MY PERFECT WEEKEND
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1
You will hear a radio presenter talking about an Internet website. For
questions 1-10, fill in the missing information with a word or a short phrase.

Search &Find Factsheet No. 22

name of website: ________________________1
website address: www.ww.co.uk
subject: strange weather in _____________2
such as: raining frogs, stones, ____________3, lizards
site also includes: • other useful ________________4
• ________________5 page
(with more than _____________6)
• ____________7 of meteorological terms
(with photos or _____________8)
• links to other websites
idea for: ________________9 working on projects
website designed by: students at _________________10

Task 2
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8
choose the best answer А, В or С. You will hear each short passage twice.

1. You hear a man and a woman talking about her hobby. What feeling does
the woman express?
A amusement
В embarrassment
С modesty
2. You hear a man reporting about a rugby match on the radio. What was the
result of the match?
A Scotland beat Wales.
В Wales beat Scotland.
С It was a draw.
57
 3. You hear a woman talking to a friend about her children's hobby. What is
it?
A karate
В chess
С computer games

4. You hear a man talking about how he started a collection. What does he
collect?
A action films on video
В foreign language textbooks
С comic books from around the world

5. Listen to a woman talking about astrology. Why did she first get interested
in the subject?
A A friend gave her a birth chart.
В She discovered that some predictions had come true.
С She wanted to study people's characters.

6. You overhear a conversation at a party. What does the woman invite the
man to do?
A teach a woodworking class
В set up a gardening society
С join the drama club

7. Listen to a girl talking about her hobby. What is it?

A parachuting
B bungee jumping
C ski jumping

8. You overhear a young tennis player talking to someone after a match.

Who is the other speaker?
A his father
B his coach
C a fellow player

58
 PART II. READING
Task 1
You are going to read an article about weather disasters.

STORMS SWEEP BRITAN: 16 die

At least sixteen people were killed as severe gales swept across Britain
yesterday. There was widespread flooding and many buildings were damaged by
high winds. Several rivers, swollen by heavy rainfall, burst their banks. The worst
affected place was Towyn in North Wales. Yesterday morning, mountainous seas
smashed though the sea wall that protected the town from flooding. Floods up to
two metres deep swept through the town. Lifeboats and helicopters were used to
evacuate 2.000 people before the midnight tide brought even worse flooding. Fifty
people were taken to hospital suffering from shock and exposure. A school outside
the town is being used as temporary accommodation for the evacuees, who are
being looked after by voluntary workers. A police spokesman said, ‘If we hadn’t
got them out in time, many people would have died.’ Police, ambulance crews and
firefighters toured the town in boats in order to check that everybody had been
accounted for. A confused old lady, who had earlier hidden from police, was
found and taken to hospital. Evacuees claimed that the sea wall had not been
repaired since 1980. ‘We’ve been complaining for years,’ said one of them, ‘but
nothing was done. Now we’ve lost our homes.’ Experts predict that the damage
caused by the midnight tide will be ‘severe and extensive.’
No lives have been lost in Towyn but in other parts of Britain sixteen people
died as 150 kph winds swept across the country. Eight of the victims were
motorists whose cars overturned on exposed roads. One man was killed when a
parked car was blown onto him. A bus driver died when his vehicle was crushed
by a falling lamp-post. Several people were killed when walls, chimneys and roof
tiles were blown down on top of them. Many roads are blocked by fallen trees and
abandoned vehicles. All ferry services have been suspended and many flights
delayed.
A lorry driver was crossing the Humber Bridge when his vehicle was struck
by a sudden gust of wind and blown off the side of the bridge. Only the bridge
suspension cables prevented the lorry from toppling over the edge into the water.
The driver managed to scramble to safety through a window. In the Humber
estuary, several ships have been blown aground.

59
 Weather forecasters warned that although the high winds would die down
during the night, they would return with renewed force tomorrow morning.
Drivers are advised not to travel unless their journeys are absolutely necessary.
1) What do the following numbers in the text refer to?
1. sixteen
2. two
3. 2,000
4. fifty
5. eight
6. 150
2) Write out phrasal verbs in the text which are based on sweep and
blow, explain their meaning.
3) Choose the correct answer A ,B, C or D.
1. Why was the midnight tide a serious threat to the town of Towyn?
A There were gale force winds.
B The seawall had been broken.
C Several rivers had burst their banks.
D There wasn’t time to evacuate everybody.
2. Why are some evacuees angry?
A They knew the sea wall needed repairing.
B They are suffering from shock.
C They are afraid of the police.
D They expected a better weather forecast.
3. Forecasters think that the weather will
A stay the same.
B get better and then stormy again.
C get much worse.
D get worse for a short time and then better.

Task 2
You are going to read a magazine article about four people and their hobbies.
For questions 1 – 15, choose from the people (A – D). Some of the people may be
chosen more than once. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Which person says that their hobby

is too expensive to do in some places? 0 D
has to conform to certain fixed regulations? 1____
used to be associated with a particular type of person? 2____
60
produces different results depending on the location? 3____
fits in well with other commitments? 4____
has become easier thanks to recent improvements in the equipment? 5____
involves him/her in learning by watching experts in the activity? 6____
is associated with a certain type of clothing? 7____
sometimes provokes negative reactions in people? 8____
has not always interested him/her so much? 9____
has advantages over another similar hobby? 10____
requires the clever combination of certain materials? 11____
also provides some of his/her income? 12____
requires participants to have formal qualifications? 13____
grew out of a regular family custom? 14____
is a thrilling experience when it goes well? 15____

ME AND MY PASSION
four people talk about their hobbies
A Katie Holleran: accountant
When you mention windsurfing to people, they generally imagine
suntanned 20-year-olds. But the sport has matured since it started in the 1960s,
and so have its participants. Any reasonably fit person can do it, and age isn’t a
barrier. “Beginners need enough strength in their arms to pull themselves back
up onto the board after falling off. At first, you do spend a lot of time in the
water, but it’s worth it for the feeling of excitement you get when you’re
moving along successfully – that’s fantastic.
In the early days, sails and boards were made of heavy materials like
polyethylene, and the sport was very physical. But improved technology has
changed all that. And you don’t have to live by the sea – 50 per cent of
windsurfing takes place on inland lakes and reservoirs. I used to have a boat, but
with that always need other people to help you. And you’re not allowed to take
a boat on some lakes, whereas you can windsurf anywhere”.

B Kevin Shaw: builder

It’s become a tradition in our household that I make an Indian curry every
Monday evening. I wanted to learn how to make my dishes more authentic, so I
signed up for a cookery course at a top Indian restaurant in London. Every time
I go, I learn something new and I’m now building up quite a repertoire of curry
61
recipes.
Andy, the head chef, is also a qualified teacher, which is a big advantage
of the course. He explains how the herbs, spices, oils and rice used in Indian
cooking are combined by experts to get subtle variations in flavour. It’s
perfectly possible to have dishes which contain exactly the same ingredients, but
you end up with something totally different depending on the methods used in
the part of the country where it’s prepared.
After all the theory, we go down to the kitchen to observe Andy and his
team of highly-qualified chefs in action and then, of course, we get to sample
the dishes we’ve learned to cook.

C Karen Hallstrom: salesperson

When I tell people I race vintage cars from the 1920s and 1930s, one
question they’re sure to ask is: ‘Do you wear 1920s outfits too?’ ‘No’, is the
polite version of my answer. I have to wear fireproof overalls and a helmet in
order to meet modern safety laws, I’m afraid. Things have changed in other
ways since the old days, too. To be allowed to race my cars, I had to pass both
written and practical tests. That wasn’t difficult, but then vintage cars weren’t a
novelty to me: they were part of my upbringing. I used to spend hours, bored
stiff, with my fingers stuck in my ears while my father watched races at the
local motor-racing track. I said it was the last thing I’d ever do. But when I was
a bit older, I too fell in love with cars, first driving a vintage model at age 17.
Then, later, a boyfriend with a boat got me interested in sailing, much to the
horror of my family! But it didn’t last, and somehow I’ve always come back to
cars.

D Joe Campilos: office worker

I’m lucky because, within reason, I can choose what house I do at the
office and this means I have time to combine it with my real passion, which is
jazz music. Every weekend, and sometimes on Fridays as well, we play at the
street. Not in the main square, as you need to buy a licence for that and it’s a bit
pricey, but in various places around the city where there are no regulations.
People sometimes complain because they think we’re beggars, but that’s
not fair. Although we do accept money, because it’s the accepted custom, that’s
not why we’re there. It’s really a kind of advertisement – if somebody likes
what they hear, then they can hire us. We get to do weddings, parties, that sort
of thing, which gives us a bit of extra pocket money. Sometimes jazz clubs
62
 approach us, too. But it’s never fame and fortune – and to tell you the truth, I
like my life just the way it is.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best
fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Explain your choice.

EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION
If scientists were able to warn governments (0) ...of...... an impending
earthquake, even if only a few hours (1) …………. advance, lives might be
saved and international rescue workers could be at the scene of the disaster by
the time it happened, instead of heading (2) …………….. their local airports
several hours after the event.
(3) ………….. it is, seismologists have long been able to predict roughly
where earthquakes will happen, but they are still (4) …………… from knowing
how to forecast exactly when (5) ………….. may strike. The one and
(6) ………….. successful prediction in recorded history was for the 1975
earthquake in Haicheng, China. In the months preceding the earthquake
changes (7) …………. land elevation and ground water levels, widespread
reports of peculiar animal behaviour, and many foreshocks had (8) …………. to
a low-level warning. As a (9) ……………. of an increase in foreshock activity,
an evacuation warning was (10) …………..the day before a magnitude 7.3
earthquake. Unfortunately, in (11) ……………. of their success in 1975, the
Chinese failed to predict the Tangshan earthquake the following year, which
(12) ……………. an appalling 250,000 fatalities.
Since (13) …………. completely reliable method of prediction has been
found, most governments now focus (14) ……………. mitigating the effects of
earthquakes once they strike (15) ………………..than attempting to forecast
them.

63
 Task 2
Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to
form a word that fits the space in the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Translate the formed words.

CHASING TORNADOES
Tornadoes are the (0) amazing spinning storm which are common AMAZE
in the Midwest of the USA. Although they can often be (1) ……… FAIR
short-lived, lasting only 1-2 hours, tornadoes can spin at up to 400 kph,
and can (2) ………. destroy whole areas, even throwing EASY
(3) ……… farm animals on the tops of trees. People who are TERRIFY
(4) ……… enough to live in their path, often feel threatened by FORTUNE
tornadoes, and yet, (5) ………., some travel companies in the USA REMARK
organize trips for tourist who (6) ……… go in search of them. ACTIVE
Some enthusiasts travel thousands of kilometers in the hope of seeing
a violent but (7) ……… storm! Apart from the great rush of EXCITE
adrenaline they get as they (8) ………. anticipate the NERVOUS
(9) ………. of the tornado, these people are also motivated by the ARRIVE
thought that they may go home with some (10) ………., IMPRESS
and possibly valuable, photographs.

Task 3
For Questions 1-15, read the text below and look carefully at each line.
Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word, which should not be there. If
a line is correct, put a plus (+ ) by the number. If a line has a word, which should
not be there, write the word on the line. There are two examples at the beginning
(0 and 00). Explain your choice.
A HOLIDAY IN WINTER
0 Last December, I drove northwards across Europe to visit friends, +
00 in Sweden. I must to admit that I really wasn’t very well prepared to
1 for the trip. When I got off the car ferry, I immediately felt myself _____
2 very cold. I soon realized that I had not brought enough and layers _____
3 of warm clothes with me. So, before continuing my journey, I was _____
4 parked the car and went shopping. When I came back, however, the _____
64
5 car wouldn’t start, because the water in my radiator had been frozen. _____
6 If I had taken my car to a garage and have had special anti-freeze _____
7 liquid put in before I’d come, then I wouldn’t have had this problem. _____
8 Anyway, after a few hours I got it fixed and I drove to the my friend’s_____
9 house just outside Stockholm. I was amazed at these how well the _____
10 majority of Sweden seem cope in difficult weather conditions. The _____
11 roads are cleared of any kind ice and snow very quickly and people _____
12 is drive vehicles which are designed to perform reliably in bad _____
13 weather. I wish that when it snowed in my country, all of any the _____
14 buses ran on time and that the traffic moved as freely as it so does in _____
15 Sweden. But then, I guess they’re more used to the snow than we are. ____

PART IV. WRITING

Write a story for an international magazine. The story must begin with the
following words:
1. It all began when the telephone rang.
2. Maria looked at the map and realised she was completely lost. She decided
to ask for help.
3. When Peter read the message from his friend, he knew there was no time to
lose. He had to do something.
4. The old house looked abandoned. Sarah got off her bike and looked through
the window.

65
 UNIT 7
PLACES. AT YOUR SERVICE
PART I. LISTENING
Task 1
1. Before you listen
a) Look at the lists below of three environmental problems and five
things which ordinary people can do to help reduce these problems. Match the
solutions (a-e) to the problems (1-3). Each solution can be applied to more than one
problem.
Problems Solutions
1. We produce too much rubbish. a Recycle and reuse glass, paper and
2. We are using too many natural plastic.
resources (e.g. wood, oil, coal). b Refuse to buy products with a lot of
3. We are polluting the packaging.
atmosphere. с Go on foot or use bicycles or public
transport for short journeys.
d Use alternative energy sources (e.g.
solar, wind or water power).
e Buy recycled paper products.
b) Which of the things in list a-e do you or your family regularly do?

Task 1.1
You will hear a conversation between a journalist and a man who is a founder
member of a self-sufficient community in Britain. For questions 1-10, fill in the
answers.
Electricity for the community is generated from the wind and 1_________.
The community members 2_______________ once a day.
3__________ is the only food eaten in but not produced by the community.
The inspiration for the community came from 4_____________.
The community grew up around an existing 5______________.
The members of the community heard about it through 6______________.
There are 7______________ people living in the community.
The roof of the round house is made of straw, earth, grass and 8_________.
The windows face south in order to make the house 9______________.
The materials for the round house cost less than ₤ 10________________.
Task 1.2
66
 You will hear five people talking about solutions to the problem of rubbish.
For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F which solution each speaker is
referring to. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not
need to use.

A avoiding unnecessary packaging

B recycling glass Speaker 1 ___1
C recycling paper Speaker 2 ___2
D reusing bottles and jars Speaker 3 ___3
E reusing paper Speaker 4 ___4
F using recycled products Speaker 5 ___5

Task 1.3
You will hear a radio programme discussing some new research into the
environmental effects of cycling compared to driving. For questions 1-7, write Y
(Yes) next to opinions which are expressed by any of the speakers and N (No) next
to opinions which are not expressed at all.

1 The findings of the research are unexpected.

___1
2 In some circumstances, driving is more environment-friendly than cycling.
___2
3 The research was biased.
___3
4 The findings are inaccurate. ___4
5 Breathing problems are made worse by car fumes.
___5
6 People shouldn't use cars for short journeys.
___6
7 Car sharing is not popular at present.
___7

Task 2
a) Listen to the recording and choose the best option as you listen. (The
questions follow the order of the text.)

You will hear a radio interview with a woman who won a lot of lottery. For
67
questions 1-7, choose the best answer А, В or С.

1. What does Mandy say about her winning lottery ticket?

A It was the first one she'd ever bought.
В She had a feeling it was going to win.
С She was persuaded to buy it by a friend.
2. How did Mandy's father react to the news that she'd won?
A He was too shocked to speak.
В He became rather over-excited.
С He rushed to tell her the news.

3. Mandy now feels that she made a mistake when

A she allowed her win to be publicised.
В she trusted the people at the TV station.
С she told her story to a newspaper reporter.

4. How did Mandy feel about the way certain people reacted to her win?
A disappointed with close friends
В unsure of strangers
С annoyed by her family

5. What does Mandy say about her friend Louise?

A She refused to accept the gift Mandy bought her.
В She became rude and unfriendly towards Mandy.
С She couldn't help resenting Mandy's good fortune.

6. How did the begging letters affect Mandy?

A She wished she'd never won the lottery at all.
В She became angry with the people who sent them.
С She realised that it wasn't right to have so much money.

7. What does Mandy feel about the money now?

A glad that she's given it all away
В content with the lifestyle it's given her
С sorry that she didn't use it more wisely

68
 PART II. READING
Task 1
You're going to read an article written by Prince Charles, son of the
British Queen, expressing his feelings about architecture in Britain today.
Before reading, think of a city you have lived in, or know well, which has a
number of modern buildings. How do you feel about them? Make a brief note
of your thoughts. Now read the article and see if your views about modern
architecture are similar to those of Prince Charles.

For far too long, it seems to me, some planners and architects have
consistently ignored the feelings and wishes of the mass of ordinary people.
Perhaps, when you think about it, it is hardly surprising, as architects tend to have
been trained to design buildings from scratch – to tear down and rebuild.
Consequently, a large number of people in Britain have developed a feeling that
architects tend to design houses for the approval of fellow architects and critics,
not for the tenants.
It has been most encouraging to see the development of Community
Architecture as a natural reaction to the policy of decamping people to new towns
and overspill estates where the extended family patterns of support were
destroyed, and the community life was lost. Now we are seeing the gradual
expansion of housing co-operatives, particularly in the inner city areas of
Liverpool, where the tenants are able to work with an architect of their own who
listens to their comments and their ideas and tries to design the kind of
environment they want.
This sort of development, spearheaded as it is by such individuals as Rod
Hackney and Ted Cullinan – a man after my own heart, as he believes strongly
that the architect must produce something that is visually beautiful as well as
socially useful – offers something very promising in terms of inner-city renewal
and urban housing, not to mention community garden design.
What I believe is important about Community Architecture is that it has
shown ‘ordinary’ people that their views are worth having; that architects and
planners do not necessarily have the monopoly of knowing best about taste, style
and planning. On that note, I can’t help thinking how much more worthwhile it
would be if a community approach could be used in more new projects in London.
It would be a tragedy if the character and skyline of this capital city were to be
further ruined, and St Paul’s dwarfed, by yet another giant glass stump in Trafalgar
69
Square, better suited to downtown Chicago than the City of London. It is hard to
believe that before the last war, London must have had one of the most beautiful
skylines of any great city, if those who recall it are to be believed.
Those who’d say that the affinity between buildings and the earth, in spite of
the City’s immense size, was so close and organic that the houses looked almost as
though they had grown out of the earth, and had not been imposed upon it – grown
moreover, in such a way that as few trees as possible were thrust out of the way.
What, then, are we doing to our capital city now? What have we done to it
since the bombing during the Second World War? What are we shortly to do to
one of its most famous areas – Trafalgar Square?
Instead of designing an extension to the elegant facade of the National
Gallery, which compliments it and continues the concept of columns and domes, it
looks as if we may be presented with a kind of municipal fire station, complete
with the sort of tower that contains the siren. I would understand better this type
of high-tech approach if you demolished the whole of Trafalgar Square and started
again with a single architect responsible for the entire layout, but what is proposed
is like a monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant friend.
Apart from anything else, it defeats me why anyone wanting to display the
early Renaissance pictures belonging to the Gallery should do so in a new gallery
so manifestly at odds with the whole spirit of that age of astonishing proportion.
Why can't we have those curves and arches that express feeling in design? What is
wrong with them? Why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only
at right angles and functional? As Goethe once said, “there is nothing more
dreadful than imagination without taste.”
Read the following questions and unfinished statements about the passage.
In each case, choose the answer, А, В, С or D, which you think fits best
according to the passage.

1 Why do modern architects frequently ignore the wishes of ordinary

people?
A They do not care about what ordinary people think or want.
В They have not been trained properly.
C They have been taught to design new buildings to replace older ones.
D They are interested only in impressing fellow-architects.

70
 2 How does the writer explain the development of Community
Architecture?
A People did not like living on camp sites while their new homes were
built.
В As an objection to the disruption of families and communities.
С People have designed the environment they want.
D People tried it out in Liverpool and it was seen to be very successful.

3 Community Architecture has shown that

A ordinary people’s ideas are worth more than those of architects.
В ordinary people should always be consulted by architects.
С architects should not have monopolies.
D architects are not the only ones with good design ideas.

4 How was pre-war architecture in London different from modern

architecture?
A Many people recall it as being beautiful.
В Environmentally-friendly building materials were used.
С Trees were planted around houses.
D Houses blended in with the surroundings.

5 The writer would prefer Trafalgar Square to

A have new architecture in harmony with existing buildings.
В be left completely untouched by new architecture.
С be re-designed entirely by one architect.
D have more curves and arches than it currently does.

6 In general, what are the writer’s views about architects?

A They should be controlled by local communities.
В They should be more sensitive to the environment and to people’s
wishes.
С They should look to the Renaissance for inspiration when they design
buildings.
D They should avoid the use of concrete and glass.

71
 Task 2
You are going to read a magazine article about shopping on the Internet.
Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the
paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph
which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

WHY DO SHOPPERS SHY AWAY FROM THE NET?

Shopping on the Internet should be easy and stress-free: no queues, no rude
assistants. Yet, according to a recent study, people are still reluctant to buy from e-
commerce sites. Dr Peter Lunt, a London university psychologist, spent two years
analysing Internet shopping and found that books, CDs and travel tickets are the
goods most often purchased online. He surveyed almost 900 people, surfing the
Net with groups and talking to individuals in their own homes.
0 ___________H____________________________________________________
According to Lunt, the main explanations given for this reluctance to go e-
shopping were the costs or computer equipment, fear of going online and concerns
about the delivery and possible need to return products.
1________________________________________________________________
Acknowledging this difference, Lunt says “People recognise the
convenience of e-commerce in principle, especially for grocery shopping, but it
became clear that even the regular supermarket visit is a complex activity where
personal and luxury items would be bought on impulse or with a specific
occasion, person or meal in mind. It's hard to reproduce the pleasure of this
experience using an unfriendly list-based computer program.”
2________________________________________________________________
Lunt believes there are three groups of people who do not shop online. The
first has little knowledge of the Internet, but is potentially interested. “They’re a
prime target for limited e-services delivered by digital TV,” he adds. “The second
group tends to be older, less educated and, Lunt believes, may be left behind.
Members of the third group are relatively wealthy and computer literate, but have
other reasons for not shopping on the web.
3_________________________________________________________________
And even amongst those who do shop online, most viewed it as an
alternative. They are thinking more of the integration of e-commerce services into
their current household routine, rather than taking the opportunity to rethink how
they organise their home lives,” says Lunt.
72
4________________________________________________________________
Lunt sees this as a drawback because as he puts it, “PCs are not integrated
into the places in the household where decisions about shopping are made.”
Perhaps this is why single young men were most positive about e-commerce.
5_________________________________________________________________
The survey concludes that those who are most positive about e-commerce
are focusing on the convenience and the price advantage in particular products and
not on the shopping experience itself.
6_________________________________________________________________
There seems to be some doubt about this. More of us may be encouraged to
shop online as manufacturers overcome bad web design and learn to safeguard our
privacy, but will Internet shopping ever seriously replace the stress and thrill of the
real thing?

A. Indeed, like most shoppers, Lunt’s interviewees found it hard to navigate e-

commerce sites, saying goods were not laid out logically. Many were also
disappointed at how dull the websites were, particularly compared to things like
computer games.

B. Indeed, about 58 per cent of online shoppers fall into this category. Lunt
suggests that this reflects their interest in books and CDs, rather than clothes -
but even so, men still aren't buying much in total.

C. The more interesting question, however, is what the response from sellers will
be. They have to find new ways of appealing to customers and offer services
that include a mix of online and offline outlets.

D. But underlying these stated reasons, there's also a fundamental difference

between conventional shopping and online services: both the pleasure of
unplanned purchases and the ability to examine products are missing online.
And for many, the experience of shopping, especially for clothes, is as
important as the products themselves.

E. The location of the computer was another factor in this domestic mindset.
Many people have theirs either in the sitting room as part of an entertainment
set-up, or else in the study for work.

F. The issues for such people are the broader social issues of privacy and the
possible effects on the way we live — although surprisingly they are happy to
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 use the Internet for other reasons.

G. “What's more, they’re relatively well-to-do, technologically aware people who

get little pleasure from shopping.” Lunt adds. “Given that such people are a
minority, will the situation change enough to encourage the rest of the
population to shop online”.

H. Amongst all these people, only 14 per cent had tried shopping online and a
mere 5 per cent were regular users; most of their purchases were confined to
those three commonest product types.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed from the word given in
the margin. All the words you need to write are adjectives. The first one has been
done as an example. Translate the formed words.

In an effort to escape from their hectic and (0) materialistic MATERIALISM

city lives, more and more Northern Europeans are
buying houses in rural areas of France, Spain, Italy and
Greece. Some relocate permanently in search of a more
(1) ………… existence. Those who cannot afford to give MEANING
up their jobs seek a (2) …………. respite from their THERAPY
(3) ………….. lifestyle by relaxing for a few weeks STRESS
each year in their second home in the sun.
However, many of those who relocate permanently find
that life in the country is not as quiet and (4) …………… EVENT
as they had anticipated. Aspects of village life which seemed
delightfully (5) …………. in the context of a two-week ATMOSPHERE
holiday can grate on the nerves when you live with
them on a daily basis. Recently a group of British
residents in an Italian village took local farmers to court
because they found the smell of the villagers’ pigs
(6) ……….. In other cases, foreigners have complained DISTASTE
to neighbours about the (7) ………….. early-morning ENTHUSIASM
crowing of their cockerels, or to village priests about the
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regular tolling of church bells.
Understandably, the local inhabitants are somewhat
(8) …………… of these attitudes. They argue that RESENT
the foreigners have an (9) …………. view of what REALIST
country life is like and that, since no-one forced
them to come and live in a village, they are being
(10) …………… by now complaining about the HYPOCRITE
inconveniences of rural life.

Task 2

Read the text below and decide which answer, А, В, С, or D best fits each
space. Explain your choice.

Going to work is the single most common trip that people make and causes
the greatest (1) ……… of overcrowding on the roads. In order to reduce the
(2) ………. of cars on the roads, the idea of working at home, with all the
necessary technology, looks like an attractive alternative (3) ……… of doing a job.
Work can be done with the help of faxes, phones and e-mail. Imagine that in the
future, we won't be spending hours in traffic jams on our way to work, causing
stress to our minds and (4) ………, but simply go to work in a room in our house.
Our life could change in other (5) ………, too. A trip to the doctor could take
several (6) ………..; a visit: a video phone call or an e-mail. Soon, we will be
doing our shopping by computer, and going to the bank in the same way. There
soon will be no need to leave the house for business reasons.
There is a problem with this (7) ……… to living. Spending a high (8)
……… of our time in the house can cause problems. People get sick of their own
house, and need to leave it simply for a change of scene. People like to meet up
with their colleagues, because work is more than just work; a significant (9)
………. of our time at work is spent socialising. So when you next see the tired
(10) ………. of commuters sitting in their cars, remember they are there because
they prefer to be with other people!

1. A quantity B amount C sum D number

2. A total B sum C number D amount
3. A manner B style C approach D method
4. A figures B shapes C bodies D forms
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5. A ways B forms C amounts D styles
6. A shapes B forms C styles D ways
7. A method B way C approach D manner
8. A amount B proportion C total D quantity
9. A percentage B sum C number D hours
10. A figures B shapes C outlines D bodies

Task 3

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are
correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put +
by the number. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the
space. There are examples at the beginning (0 and 00). Explain your choice.

A DESIGNER’S TASTE
0 I am a fashion designer by profession, and each year I produce __+__
00 my own collection of new and clothes for young people to wear. and
1 I like the clothes that I design, but they are quite unlike to the ______
2 things I would choose to wear like myself. Indeed, some people ______
3 think it's surprising that among the clothes I find most comfortable ______
4 are not currently fashionable at all. I get great pleasure, for ______
5 example, out of what they are called 'vintage clothes', especially ______
6 those designed by the great fashion houses of the past. I get ______
7 a great thrill from imagining who it might have worn them in ______
8 the past and what their history might have be. Some of my coats ______
9 and dresses are quite bit valuable, so they must have been ______
10 worn by quite famous people, but I don't know this for sure. ______
11 Although that they are really a piece of history, I believe ______
12 that vintage clothes should be worn, not hung on the wall ______
13 or put in a museum. People often think of when I buy old clothes ______
14 that I must be using them such as a source of inspiration for ______
15 my own work myself, but it’s not true. It’s just a hobby really. ______
PART IV. WRITING

You have recently seen these notices in your local newspaper.

1. Have you seen a comedy show recently? Write a review for our paper and

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you may win free tickets for all Saturday shows! Say what parts were particularly
funny, what you thought of the comedians and whether you would recommend it
to other students.
2. Do you watch a cartoon which is not just for children? Write us a review
of the cartoon for the college magazine. Desribe some of the characters and say
what makes it funny and if you think older people like it too. The best review will
be published next month!
3. Can you write us a review of a TV soap opera you enjoy? Tell us about
the characters, what makes you keep on watching it and if you would recommend
it to everyone. The best review wins a collection of DVDs!

Write your review.

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 LITERATURE USED
1. Bell J., Gower R. First Certificate Expert. Coursebook / Jan Bell, Roger
Gower. – L.: Pearson Education Limited, 2006. – 224 p.
2. Blundell L., Stokes J. Task Listening. Teacher’s book / Lesley Blundell,
Jackie Stokes. – Cambridge University Press, 1991. – 135 p.
3. Burgess S., Newbrook J., Wilson J. New first certificate Gold (exam
maximiser) / Sall Burgess, Jacky Newbrook, Judith Wilson. – Longman,
2002. – 159 p.
4. Copage J. First Certificate. Use of English / Judy Copage. – L.: Pearson
Education Limited, 2004. – 192 p.
5. Kenny N., Luque-Mortimer L. First Certificate Plus with Key / Nick Kenny,
Lucrecia Luque-Mortimer. – Longman: Pearson, 2008. – 176 p.
6. Mann Ch., Bell J., Gower R. First Certificate Expert. Student’s Resource
Book / Chard Mann, Jan Bell, Roger Gower. – L.: Pearson Education
Limited, 2006. – 144 p.
7. Mann M., Taylore-Knowles S. Macmillan Exam Skills for Russia:
Speaking and Listening / Malcome Mann, Steve Taylore-Knowles. –
Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006. – 167 p.
8. Mann R., Newbrook J., Wilson J. Proficiency Gold (exam maximiser) /
Richard Mann, Jacky Newbrook, Judith Wilson. – L.: Pearson Education
Limited, 2000. – 142 p.
9. Scott-Barrett F. First Certificate. Listening and Reading / Fiona Scott-
Barrett. – L.: Pearson Education Limited, 2004. – 54 p.
10. Scott-Barrett F. New Proficiency. Use of English / Fiona Scott-Barrett. –
L.: Pearson Education Limited, 2004. – 256 p.

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