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thewellnessdigest (2) - копия

The document describes the primary and secondary actions of various muscles around the shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand. The pronator teres, brachialis and biceps brachii are involved in flexing the forearm at the elbow. The triceps brachii and extensor muscles extend the forearm at the elbow and wrist. Flexor muscles like the flexor carpi radialis flex the wrist. Thumb muscles like the flexor pollicis longus flex the thumb joints.

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48 views13 pages

thewellnessdigest (2) - копия

The document describes the primary and secondary actions of various muscles around the shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand. The pronator teres, brachialis and biceps brachii are involved in flexing the forearm at the elbow. The triceps brachii and extensor muscles extend the forearm at the elbow and wrist. Flexor muscles like the flexor carpi radialis flex the wrist. Thumb muscles like the flexor pollicis longus flex the thumb joints.

Uploaded by

Daniel Sturkhovich
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Primary Actions Of The Pronator Teres

1. Pronation of the Forearm


Agonists:
 Pronator Quadratus
Antagonists: 
 Biceps Brachii, Supinator
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Secondary Actions Of The Pronator Teres


2. Assists with flexion of the forearm at the elbow
Agonists:
 Brachialis
 Biceps Brachii
 Brachioradialis
Antagonists:
 Triceps Brachii
 Anconeus

Primary Actions Of The Extensor Carpi


Ulnaris
1.  Extension of the wrist
  Agonists
 Extensor carpi radialis longus
 Extensor carpi brevis
  Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
 Palmaris Longus
2. Ulnar deviation of the wrist
  Agonists: 
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Flexor Carpi Radialis

Primary Actions Of The Extensor Carpi


Radialis Brevis
1. Extension of the wrist
Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor pollicis longus
assist with extension of the wrist.

2. Radial Deviation of the wrist


Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus assist with radial
deviation of the wrist

Primary Actions Of The Extensor Carpi


Radialis Longus
1. Extension of the wrist
Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Radial Deviation of the wrist
Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus assist with radial
deviation of the wrist

Primary Actions Of The Brachialis


1. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
  Agonists:
 Biceps Brachii
 Brachioradialis
  Antagonists:
 Triceps Brachii
 Anconeus

Primary Actions Of The Brachioradialis


1. Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
  Agonists:
 Brachialis
 Biceps Brachii
  Antagonists:
 Triceps Brachii
 Anconeus

Primary Actions Of The Coracobrachialis


1.  Flexion of the arm at the shoulder
Agonists:
 Deltoid (anterior part)
 Biceps Brachii
 Pectoralis Major (clavicular head)
  Antagonists:
 Deltoid (posterior part)
 Triceps Brachii (long head)
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Pectoralis Major (sternal head)
 Teres Major
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Secondary Actions Of The


Coracobrachialis:
1. Assists with adduction of the arm at the shoulder
  Agonists:
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Teres Major
 Pectoralis Major
 Triceps Brachii (long head)
  Antagonists:
 Deltoid (middle part)
 Supraspinatus
Coracobrachialis and teres minor assist with adduction of the arm at the
shoulder when the arm is returning from the abducted position.

Primary Actions Of The Biceps Brachii


1.  Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
  Agonists:
 Brachialis
 Brachioradialis
  Antagonists:
 Triceps brachii
 Anconeus
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Secondary Actions Of The Biceps Brachii
2. Assists with flexion of the arm at the shoulder
 Agonists:
 Deltoid (anterior part)
 Coracobrachialis
 Pectoralis Major (clavicular head)
  Antagonists:
 Deltoid (posterior part)
 Triceps Brachii (long head)
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Pectoralis Major (sternal head)
 Teres Major
2. Assists with supination of the forearm
  Agonists:
 Supinator
Antagonists:
 Pronator teres
 Pronator quadratus

Primary Actions Of The Triceps Brachii


Long Head
1.  Extension of the arm at the shoulder
  Agonists:
 Deltoid (posterior part)
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Pectoralis Major (sternal head)
 Teres Major
  Antagonists:
 Deltoid (anterior part)
 Coracobrachialis
 Biceps brachii,
 Pectoralis major (clavicular head)
2. Adduction of the arm at the shoulder
 Agonists: 
 Latissimus Dorsi
 Pectoralis Major
 Teres Major
  Antagonists: 
 Supraspinatus
 Deltoid (middle part)
Note: Coracobrachialis and teres minor assist with adduction of the arm at
the shoulder.
3. Extension of the forearm at the elbow
  Agonists:
 Triceps Brachii (lateral and medial heads)
 Anconeus
Antagonists:
 Brachialis
 Biceps brachii
 Brachioradialis

Primary Actions Of The Flexor Pollicis


Longus
1.  Flexion of the thumb at the interphalangeal joint
  Agonists:
 None
  Antagonists:
 Extensor pollicis longus
2. Flexion of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
  Agonists:
 Flexor Pollicis Brevis
 Adductor Pollicis
 Opponens Pollicis
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Pollicis Brevis
 Abductor Pollicis Longus
 
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Secondary Actions Of The Flexor Pollicis
Longus
1. Assists with flexion of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
  Agonists:
 Flexor Pollicis Brevis
  Antagonists: 
 Extensor Pollicis Brevis
 Extensor Pollicis Longus
 Abductor Pollicis Longus
2. Assists with flexion of wrist
  Agonists: 
 Flexor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus also assist with
flexion of the wrist.

Primary Actions Of The Flexor Carpi


Radialis
1. Flexion of the wrist
  Agonists:
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis
longus assist with flexion of the wrist.
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Secondary Actions Of The Flexor Carpi
Radialis
1. Assists with radial deviation of the wrist
  Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Assists with flexion of the forearm at the elbow
  Agonists:
 Biceps Brachii
 Brachioradialis
 Brachialis
Antagonists:
 Triceps Brachii
 Anconeus
Information about cause and effect of flexor carpi radialis pain: Flexor
Carpi Radialis Muscle: Wrist and Hand Pain

Primary Actions Of The Pronator


Quadratus
1. Pronation of the forearm
Agonists:
 Pronator teres
Antagonists:
 Supinator
 Biceps brachii

Primary Actions Of The Flexor Carpi


Ulnaris
1.  Flexion of the wrist
  Agonists:
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
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Secondary Actions Of The Flexor Carpi


Ulnaris
1. Assists with ulnar deviation of the wrist
  Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
2. Helps stabilize wrist to permit strong thumb motion

Primary Actions Of The Palmaris Longus


1. Because of the size and location the palmaris longus does not have a
primary action.
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Secondary Actions Of The Palmaris


Longus
1. Assists with flexion of the wrist
  Agonists:
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Tightens the palmar facsia

Primary Actions Of The Flexor Digitorum


Superficialis:
1. Flexion of the digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints
 Agonists: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
 Antagonists:  Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, Palmar
Interossei, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, Extensor
Digiti Minimi
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Secondary Actions Of The Flexor


Digitorum Superficialis:
2. Assists with flexion of the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints
 Agonists: Dorsal Interossei, Palmar Interossei, Lumbricals,
Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Digiti Minimi
 Antagonists: Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis,
Extensor Digiti Minimi
3. Assists with flexion of the wrist
 Agonists: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor
Carpi Ulnaris
 Antagonists: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor
Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Primary Actions Of The Extensor
Digitorum
1. Extension of the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints
  Agonists:
 Extensor Indicis (second digit)
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
  Antagonists:
 Dorsal Interossei
 Flexor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
 Lumbricals (hand)
 Palmar Interossei
 Flexor Digitorum Profundus
 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
2. Extension of the digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints when
metacarpophalangeal joints are flexed
  Agonists:
 Dorsal Interossei
 Palmar Interossei
 Extensor Indicis (second digit)
 Lumbricals
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
  Antagonists:
 Flexor Digitorum Profundus
 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
3. Extension of the digits at the distal interphalangeal joints when
metacarpophalangeal joints are flexed
  Agonists: 
 Dorsal Interossei
 Palmar Interossei
 Extensor Indicis (second digit)
 Lumbricals
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
  Antagonists:
 Flexor Digitorum Profundus
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Secondary Actions Of The Extensor
Digitorum:
1. Assists with extension of the wrist with digits flexed at the
metacarpophalangeal joints
  Agonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Assists with abduction of the digits during extension of the
carpometacarpal joints
  Agonists:
 Dorsal Interossei
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
  Antagonists: Palmar Interossei

Primary Actions Of The Flexor Digitorum


Profundus
1.  Flexion of the digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints
  Agonists:
 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  Antagonists:
 Lumbricals
 Dorsal Interossei
 Palmar Interossei
 Extensor Digitorum
 Extensor Indicis (second digit)
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
2. Flexion of the digits at the distal interphalangeal joints
  Agonists: None
  Antagonists:
 Lumbricals
 Dorsal Interossei
 Palmar Interossei
 Extensor Digitorum
 Extensor Indicis (second digit)
 Extensor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
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Secondary Actions Of The Flexor


Digitorum Profundus
1. Assists with flexion of the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints
  Agonists:
 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
 Dorsal Interossei
 Flexor Digiti Minimi (fifth digit)
 Palmar Interossei
 Lumbricals
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Digitorum
 Extensor Indicis
 Extensor Digiti Minimi
2. Assists with flexion of the wrist
  Agonists: 
 Flexor Carpi Radialis
 Palmaris Longus
 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  Antagonists:
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

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